19 U.S.C. § 4711 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 29: UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION / Subchapter VII: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT / Section 4711: Establishment
Establishment
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not later than 30 days after January 29, 2020, the President shall establish an Interagency Environment Committee for Monitoring and Enforcement (in this subchapter referred to as the "Interagency Environment Committee")—

(1) to coordinate United States efforts to monitor and enforce environmental obligations generally; and

(2) with respect to the USMCA countries—

(A) to carry out an assessment of their environmental laws and policies;

(B) to carry out monitoring actions with respect to the implementation and maintenance of their environmental obligations; and

(C) to request enforcement actions with respect to USMCA countries that are not in compliance with their environmental obligations.

(b) Membership

The members of the Interagency Environment Committee shall be the following:

(1) The Trade Representative, who shall serve as chairperson.

(2) Representatives from each of the following:

(A) The National Oceanic Atmospheric 1 Administration.

(B) The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

(C) The U.S. Forest Service.

(D) The Environmental Protection Agency.

(E) The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

(F) U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

(G) The Department of State.

(H) The Department of Justice.

(I) The Department of the Treasury.

(J) The United States Agency for International Development.

(3) Representatives from other Federal agencies, as the President determines to be appropriate.

(c) Information sharing

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the members of the Interagency Environment Committee may exchange information for purposes of carrying out this part.

(Pub. L. 116–113, title VIII, §811, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 90.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title VIII of Pub. L. 116–113, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 90, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of title VIII to the Code, see Tables.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 13907. Establishment of the Interagency Environment Committee for Monitoring and Enforcement Under Section 811 of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act

Ex. Ord. No. 13907, Feb. 28, 2020, 85 F.R. 12977, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and section 811 of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act (Act) (Public Law 116–113), it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Establishment of Interagency Environment Committee. The Interagency Environment Committee for Monitoring and Enforcement (Committee) is hereby established to coordinate United States efforts to monitor and enforce environmental obligations consistent with title VIII of the Act [19 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.] and, with respect to Mexico and Canada, to carry out assessments of their environmental laws and policies, to carry out monitoring actions with respect to the implementation and maintenance of their environmental obligations, and to request enforcement actions as provided for in section 814 of the Act [19 U.S.C. 4714].

Sec. 2. Membership. The Committee shall be composed of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) and representatives of the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Justice, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the Department of the Interior, the U.S. Forest Service and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in the Department of Agriculture, the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration in the Department of Commerce, U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the United States Agency for International Development, and representatives from other Federal agencies, as the President determines to be appropriate. The USTR shall serve as Chair. The Chair may invite representatives from other executive departments or agencies, as appropriate, to participate as members or observers. Each executive department, agency, and component represented on the Committee shall ensure that the necessary staff are available to assist their respective representatives in performing the responsibilities of the Committee.

Sec. 3. Committee Decision-making. The Committee shall endeavor to make any decision on an action or determination under sections 812, 813, and 814 of the Act [19 U.S.C. 4712, 4713, and 4714] by consensus, which shall be deemed to exist where no Committee member objects to the proposed action or determination. If the Committee is unable to reach a consensus on a proposed action or determination and the Chair determines that allotting further time will cause a decision to be unduly delayed, the Committee shall decide the matter by majority vote of its members.

Sec. 4. Implementing Measures. The heads of the executive departments and agencies set forth in section 2 of this order, in consultation with the Committee, may prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the authorities of the respective department or agency as provided for under subtitle A of title VIII of the Act [19 U.S.C. 4711 et seq.].

Sec. 5. General Provisions. (a) Each executive department and agency shall bear its own expenses incurred in connection with the Committee's functions described in sections 811, 812, 813, 814, and 816 of the Act [19 U.S.C. 4711, 4712, 4713, 4714, and 4716].

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.      

1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "and".
19 U.S.C. § 3535 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 22: URUGUAY ROUND TRADE AGREEMENTS / Subchapter I: APPROVAL OF, AND GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO, URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS / Section 3535: Review of participation in WTO
Review of participation in WTO
Status: in_force

(a) Report on operation of WTO

The first annual report submitted to the Congress under section 3534 of this title—

(1) after the end of the 5-year period beginning on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States, and

(2) after the end of every 5-year period thereafter,

shall include an analysis of the effects of the WTO Agreement on the interests of the United States, the costs and benefits to the United States of its participation in the WTO, and the value of the continued participation of the United States in the WTO.

(b) Congressional disapproval of U.S. participation in WTO

(1) General rule

The approval of the Congress, provided under section 3511(a) of this title, of the WTO Agreement shall cease to be effective if, and only if, a joint resolution described in subsection (c) is enacted into law pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2).

(2) Procedural provisions

(A) The requirements of this paragraph are met if the joint resolution is enacted under subsection (c), and—

(i) the Congress adopts and transmits the joint resolution to the President before the end of the 90-day period (excluding any day described in section 2194(b) of this title), beginning on the date on which the Congress receives a report referred to in subsection (a), and

(ii) if the President vetoes the joint resolution, each House of Congress votes to override that veto on or before the later of the last day of the 90-day period referred to in clause (i) or the last day of the 15-day period (excluding any day described in section 2194(b) of this title) beginning on the date on which the Congress receives the veto message from the President.

(B) A joint resolution to which this section applies may be introduced at any time on or after the date on which the President transmits to the Congress a report described in subsection (a), and before the end of the 90-day period referred to in subparagraph (A).

(c) Joint resolutions

(1) Joint resolutions

For purposes of this section, the term "joint resolution" means only a joint resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: "That the Congress withdraws its approval, provided under section 101(a) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, of the WTO Agreement as defined in section 2(9) of that Act."

(2) Procedures

(A) Joint resolutions may be introduced in either House of the Congress by any member of such House.

(B) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the provisions of subsections (b), (d), (e), and (f) of section 2192 of this title apply to joint resolutions to the same extent as such provisions apply to resolutions under such section.

(C) If the committee of either House to which a joint resolution has been referred has not reported it by the close of the 45th day after its introduction (excluding any day described in section 2194(b) of this title), such committee shall be automatically discharged from further consideration of the joint resolution and it shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.

(D) It is not in order for—

(i) the Senate to consider any joint resolution unless it has been reported by the Committee on Finance or the committee has been discharged under subparagraph (C); or

(ii) the House of Representatives to consider any joint resolution unless it has been reported by the Committee on Ways and Means or the committee has been discharged under subparagraph (C).

(E) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed to the consideration of a joint resolution may only be made on the second legislative day after the calendar day on which the Member making the motion announces to the House his or her intention to do so.

(3) Consideration of second resolution not in order

It shall not be in order in either the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider a joint resolution (other than a joint resolution received from the other House), if that House has previously adopted a joint resolution under this section.

(d) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate

This section is enacted by the Congress—

(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, and such procedures supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent with such other rules; and

(2) with the full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedures of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as any other rule of that House.

(Pub. L. 103–465, title I, §125, Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4833.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 101(a) and 2(9) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), are classified to sections 3511(a) and 3501(9), respectively, of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), see section 130 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as a note under section 3531 of this title.

Executive Documents

Uruguay Round Agreements: Entry Into Force

The Uruguay Round Agreements, including the World Trade Organization Agreement and agreements annexed to that Agreement, as referred to in section 3511(d) of this title, entered into force with respect to the United States on Jan. 1, 1995. See note set out under section 3511 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 1316 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1316: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title III, §316, 46 Stat. 695, prohibiting the construction of this chapter so as to abrogate or affect the treaty between the United States and Cuba concluded on Dec. 11, 1902, was omitted in view of the termination of such treaty on Aug. 21, 1963 (see note below), and section 401 of Pub. L. 87–456, title IV, May 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 78, set out as a note under section 1351 of this title. Section 401(d) of Pub. L. 87–456 declares sections 124 and 125 of this title as inapplicable so long as section 401(a) of Pub. L. 87–456, declaring Cuba as a nation dominated or controlled by the foreign government or foreign organization controlling the world communist movement, applies.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Treaty Between United States and Cuba

The treaty concluded between the United States and the Republic of Cuba on Dec. 11, 1902, referred to in text, was terminated Aug. 21, 1963, pursuant to notice given by the United States on Aug. 21, 1962. See Bevans, Treaties, and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776 to 1949, vol. VI, page 1106.
19 U.S.C. § 6 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 1: COLLECTION DISTRICTS, PORTS, AND OFFICERS / Section 6: Designation of customs officers for foreign service; status; rejection of designated customs officer; applicability of civil service laws
Designation of customs officers for foreign service; status; rejection of designated customs officer; applicability of civil service laws
Status: in_force

Any officer of the customs service designated by the Secretary of the Treasury for foreign service, shall, through the Department of State, be regularly and officially attached to the diplomatic missions of the United States in the countries in which they are to be stationed, and when such officers are assigned to countries in which there are no diplomatic missions of the United States, appropriate recognition and standing with full facilities for discharging their official duties shall be arranged by the Department of State. The Secretary of State may reject the name of any such officer whose assignment to the foreign post for which he has been designated would, in his judgment, be prejudicial to the public policy of the United States. The appointment of such customs officers shall be made pursuant to the civil service laws and regulations upon the nomination of the principal officer in charge of the office to which such appointments are to be made.

(Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 251, §2, 42 Stat. 1453; Jan. 13, 1925, ch. 76, 43 Stat. 748; May 28, 1926, ch. 411, §1, 44 Stat. 669; June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §§518, 649, 46 Stat. 737, 762; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §39, 62 Stat. 992; Pub. L. 91–271, title III, §303, June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 292.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–271 struck out provisions authorizing Secretary of the Treasury to appoint, prescribe designations and duties, and fix compensation of deputies and other customs officers, laborers, and other employees.

1948—Act June 25, 1948, struck out fourth sentence relating to appointment and compensation of clerks of Customs Court.

1930—Act June 17, 1930, §649, substituted "Treasury attachés" for "Customs attachés".

Act June 17, 1930, §518, authorized Secretary of the Treasury to appoint and fix compensation of clerks of Customs Court.

1926—Act May 28, 1926, substituted "United States Customs Court" for "Board of General Appraisers".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–271 effective with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after Oct. 1, 1970, and such other articles entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption prior to such date, or with respect to which a protest has not been disallowed in whole or in part before Oct. 1, 1970, see section 203 of Pub. L. 91–271, set out as a note under section 1500 of this title.

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §38, 62 Stat. 992, provided that the amendment made by that act is effective Sept. 1, 1948.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

All offices of collector of customs, comptroller of customs, surveyor of customs, and appraiser of merchandise in Bureau of Customs of Department of the Treasury to which appointments were required to be made by President with advice and consent of Senate ordered abolished, with such offices to be terminated not later than December 31, 1966, by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1965, eff. May 25, 1965, 30 F.R. 7035, 79 Stat. 1317, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26. §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
19 U.S.C. § 3813 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 24: BIPARTISAN TRADE PROMOTION AUTHORITY / Section 3813: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Agreement on Agriculture

The term "Agreement on Agriculture" means the agreement referred to in section 3511(d)(2) of this title.

(2) Agreement on Safeguards

The term "Agreement on Safeguards 1 means the agreement referred to in section 3511(d)(13) of this title.

(3) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

The term "Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures" means the agreement referred to in section 3511(d)(12) of this title.

(4) Antidumping Agreement

The term "Antidumping Agreement" 2 means the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 referred to in section 3511(d)(7) of this title.

(5) Appellate Body

The term "Appellate Body" means the Appellate Body established under Article 17.1 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding.

(6) Core labor standards

The term "core labor standards" means—

(A) the right of association;

(B) the right to organize and bargain collectively;

(C) a prohibition on the use of any form of forced or compulsory labor;

(D) a minimum age for the employment of children; and

(E) acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages, hours of work, and occupational safety and health.

(7) Dispute Settlement Understanding

The term "Dispute Settlement Understanding" means the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of this title.

(8) GATT 1994

The term "GATT 1994" has the meaning given that term in section 3501 of this title.

(9) ILO

The term "ILO" means the International Labor Organization.

(10) Import sensitive agricultural product

The term "import sensitive agricultural product" means an agricultural product—

(A) with respect to which, as a result of the Uruguay Round Agreements the rate of duty was the subject of tariff reductions by the United States and, pursuant to such Agreements, was reduced on January 1, 1995, to a rate that was not less than 97.5 percent of the rate of duty that applied to such article on December 31, 1994; or

(B) which was subject to a tariff-rate quota on August 6, 2002.

(11) United States person

The term "United States person" means—

(A) a United States citizen;

(B) a partnership, corporation, or other legal entity organized under the laws of the United States; and

(C) a partnership, corporation, or other legal entity that is organized under the laws of a foreign country and is controlled by entities described in subparagraph (B) or United States citizens, or both.

(12) Uruguay Round Agreements

The term "Uruguay Round Agreements" has the meaning given that term in section 3501(7) of this title.

(13) World Trade Organization; WTO

The terms "World Trade Organization" and "WTO" mean the organization established pursuant to the WTO Agreement.

(14) WTO Agreement

The term "WTO Agreement" means the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization entered into on April 15, 1994.

(15) WTO member

The term "WTO member" has the meaning given that term in section 3501(10) of this title.

(Pub. L. 107–210, div. B, title XXI, §2113, Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1021; Pub. L. 108–429, title II, §2004(a)(19), Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2591.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Pars. (2), (3). Pub. L. 108–429 redesignated second par. (2), relating to Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, as (3), substituted "3511(d)(12)" for "3511(d)(13)", and in par. (2) relating to Agreement on Safeguards, substituted "3511(d)(13)" for "3511(d)(12)".

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by closing quotation marks.

2 So in original. Probably should be closing quotation marks.
19 U.S.C. § 2531 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 13: TRADE AGREEMENTS ACT OF 1979 / Subchapter II: TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (STANDARDS) / Section 2531: Certain standards-related activities
Certain standards-related activities
Status: in_force

(a) No bar to engaging in standards activity

Nothing in this subchapter may be construed—

(1) to prohibit a Federal agency from engaging in activity related to standards-related measures, including any such measure relating to safety, the protection of human, animal, or plant life or health, the environment, or consumers; or

(2) to limit the authority of a Federal agency to determine the level it considers appropriate of safety or of protection of human, animal, or plant life or health, the environment, or consumers.

(b) Unnecessary obstacles

Nothing in this subchapter may be construed as prohibiting any private person, Federal agency, or State agency from engaging in standards-related activities that do not create unnecessary obstacles to the foreign commerce of the United States. No standards-related activity of any private person, Federal agency, or State agency shall be deemed to constitute an unnecessary obstacle to the foreign commerce of the United States if the demonstrable purpose of the standards-related activity is to achieve a legitimate domestic objective including, but not limited to, the protection of legitimate health or safety, essential security, environmental, or consumer interests and if such activity does not operate to exclude imported products which fully meet the objectives of such activity.

(Pub. L. 96–39, title IV, §401, July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 242; Pub. L. 103–465, title III, §351(b), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4955.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–465 added subsec. (a), designated existing provisions as subsec. (b), and inserted subsec. (b) heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–465, title III, §352, Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4957, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle F (§§351, 352) of title III of Pub. L. 103–465, amending this section and sections 2532, 2544, 2571, and 2573 of this title and repealing provisions set out below] and the amendments made by this subtitle take effect on the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States [Jan. 1, 1995]."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 96–39, title IV, §454, July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 250, which provided that this subchapter was to take effect on Jan. 1, 1980, if the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade entered into force with respect to the United States by that date, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–465, title III, §351(g), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4957.
19 U.S.C. § 4361 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 28: TRADE FACILITATION AND TRADE ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter IV: PREVENTION OF EVASION OF ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDERS / Section 4361: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Finance and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) Covered merchandise

The term "covered merchandise" means merchandise that is subject to—

(A) a countervailing duty order issued under section 706 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671e); or

(B) an antidumping duty order issued under section 736 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1673e).

(3) Eligible small business

(A) In general

The term "eligible small business" means any business concern that, in the judgment of the Commissioner, due to its small size, has neither adequate internal resources nor financial ability to obtain qualified outside assistance in preparing and submitting for consideration allegations of evasion.

(B) Nonreviewability

Any agency decision regarding whether a business concern is an eligible small business for purposes of section 4371(b)(4)(E) of this title is not reviewable by any other agency or by any court.

(4) Enter; entry

The terms "enter" and "entry" refer to the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption, of merchandise in the customs territory of the United States.

(5) Evade; evasion

The terms "evade" and "evasion" refer to entering covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States by means of any document or electronically transmitted data or information, written or oral statement, or act that is material and false, or any omission that is material, and that results in any cash deposit or other security or any amount of applicable antidumping or countervailing duties being reduced or not being applied with respect to the merchandise.

(6) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Treasury.

(7) Trade remedy laws

The term "trade remedy laws" means title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 114–125, title IV, §402, Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 155.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title IV of Pub. L. 114–125, Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 155, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see section 401 of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a Short Title note under section 4301 of this title and Tables.

The Tariff Act of 1930, referred to in par. (7), is act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590. Title VII of the Act is classified generally to subtitle IV (§1671 et seq.) of chapter 4 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1654 of this title and Tables.
19 U.S.C. § 1615 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1615: Burden of proof in forfeiture proceedings
Burden of proof in forfeiture proceedings
Status: in_force

In all suits or actions (other than those arising under section 1592 of this title) brought for the forfeiture of any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, merchandise, or baggage seized under the provisions of any law relating to the collection of duties on imports or tonnage, where the property is claimed by any person, the burden of proof shall lie upon such claimant; and in all suits or actions brought for the recovery of the value of any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, merchandise, or baggage, because of violation of any such law, the burden of proof shall be upon the defendant: Provided, That probable cause shall be first shown for the institution of such suit or action, to be judged of by the court, subject to the following rules of proof:

(1) The testimony or deposition of the officer of the customs who has boarded or required to come to a stop or seized a vessel, vehicle, or aircraft, or has arrested a person, shall be prima facie evidence of the place where the act in question occurred.

(2) Marks, labels, brands, or stamps, indicative of foreign origin, upon or accompanying mechandise 1 or containers of merchandise, shall be prima facie evidence of the foreign origin of such merchandise.

(3) The fact that a vessel of any description is found, or discovered to have been, in the vicinity of any hovering vessel and under any circumstances indicating contact or communication therewith, whether by proceeding to or from such vessel, or by coming to in the vicinity of such vessel, or by delivering to or receiving from such vessel any merchandise, person, or communication, or by any other means effecting contact or communication therewith, shall be prima facie evidence that the vessel in question has visited such hovering vessel.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §615, 46 Stat. 757; Aug. 5, 1935, ch. 438, title II, §207, 49 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 95–410, title I, §110(d), Oct. 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §321, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2056; Pub. L. 98–573, title II, §213(a)(13), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2987.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions somewhat similar to those in this section were contained in act Oct. 3, 1913, ch. 16, §III, T, 38 Stat. 189, the provisions of which were originally enacted in the Customs Administrative Act of June 10, 1890, ch. 407, §21, 26 Stat. 140, and reenacted by the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of Aug. 5, 1909, ch. 6, §28, 36 Stat. 101, and amended by the 1913 act. Section III of the 1913 act was superseded by act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, §615, 42 Stat. 987, and was repealed by section 643 thereof. Section 615 of the 1922 act was superseded by section 615 of act June 17, 1930, comprising this section, and repealed by section 651(a)(1) of the 1930 act.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–573 and Pub. L. 98–473 inserted reference to aircraft in provisions preceding par. (1) and in par. (1).

1978—Pub. L. 95–410 inserted "(other than those arising under section 1592 of this title)" after "In all suits or actions".

1935—Act Aug. 5, 1935, inserted a comma in place of a period at the end, inserted "subject to the following rules of proof", and added subds. (1) to (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–573 effective Oct. 15, 1984, see section 214(e) of Pub. L. 98–573, set out as a note under section 1304 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "merchandise".
19 U.S.C. § 1702 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 5: SMUGGLING / Section 1702: Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Status: repealed

Section, act Aug. 5, 1935, ch. 438, title I, §2, 49 Stat. 518, related to smuggling into territory of a foreign government. See section 546 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
19 U.S.C. § 3706 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 23: EXTENSION OF CERTAIN TRADE BENEFITS TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA / Subchapter I: TRADE POLICY FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA / Section 3706: Sub-Saharan Africa defined
Sub-Saharan Africa defined
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter, the terms "sub-Saharan Africa", "sub-Saharan African country", "country in sub-Saharan Africa", and "countries in sub-Saharan Africa" refer to the following or any successor political entities:

Republic of Angola (Angola).

Republic of Benin (Benin).

Republic of Botswana (Botswana).

Burkina Faso (Burkina).

Republic of Burundi (Burundi).

Republic of Cameroon (Cameroon).

Republic of Cape Verde (Cape Verde).

Central African Republic.

Republic of Chad (Chad).

Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros (Comoros).

Democratic Republic of Congo.

Republic of the Congo (Congo).

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Côte d'Ivoire).

Republic of Djibouti (Djibouti).

Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Equatorial Guinea).

State of Eritrea (Eritrea).

Ethiopia.

Gabonese Republic (Gabon).

Republic of the Gambia (Gambia).

Republic of Ghana (Ghana).

Republic of Guinea (Guinea).

Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau).

Republic of Kenya (Kenya).

Kingdom of Lesotho (Lesotho).

Republic of Liberia (Liberia).

Republic of Madagascar (Madagascar).

Republic of Malawi (Malawi).

Republic of Mali (Mali).

Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauritania).

Republic of Mauritius (Mauritius).

Republic of Mozambique (Mozambique).

Republic of Namibia (Namibia).

Republic of Niger (Niger).

Federal Republic of Nigeria (Nigeria).

Republic of Rwanda (Rwanda).

Democratic Republic of Sao Tomé and Principe (Sao Tomé and Principe).

Republic of Senegal (Senegal).

Republic of Seychelles (Seychelles).

Republic of Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone).

Somalia.

Republic of South Africa (South Africa).

Republic of South Sudan (South Sudan).

Republic of Sudan (Sudan).

Kingdom of Swaziland (Swaziland).

United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania).

Republic of Togo (Togo).

Republic of Uganda (Uganda).

Republic of Zambia (Zambia).

Republic of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe).

(Pub. L. 106–200, title I, §107, May 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 112–163, §1(b), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1274.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–163 inserted item relating to the Republic of South Sudan.
19 U.S.C. § 182 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 3: THE TARIFF AND RELATED PROVISIONS / Section 182: Repealed. June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §651(a)(1), 46 Stat. 762, eff. June 18, 1930
Repealed. June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §651(a)(1), 46 Stat. 762, eff. June 18, 1930
Status: repealed

Sections, act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title III, §317(a)–(i), 42 Stat. 944–946, related to new or additional duties on imports from countries making discriminations against United States products, suspension, exclusion and enforcement provisions. Provisions of Tariff Act of 1930 corresponding to section 182, see section 1338(a) of this title; section 183, see section 1338(b) of this title; section 184, see section 1338(c) of this title; section 185, see section 1338(d) of this title; section 186, see section 1338(e) of this title; section 187, see section 1338(f) of this title; section 188, see section 1338(g) of this title; section 189, see section 1338(h) of this title; section 190, see section 1338(i) of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 2372 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter II: RELIEF FROM INJURY CAUSED BY IMPORT COMPETITION / Section 2372: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Labor $40,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010, and $10,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2010, and ending December 31, 2010, to fund the Community College and Career Training Grant Program. Funds appropriated pursuant to this section shall remain available until expended.

(b) Additional funds; minimum allocation to States

There are appropriated $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 to carry out this subpart,1 except that the limitations contained in section 2371(a)(2) of this title shall not apply to such funds and each State shall receive not less than 0.5 percent of the amount appropriated pursuant to this subsection for each such fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title II, §272, formerly §279, as added Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1872(a), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 409; amended Pub. L. 111–152, title I, §1501, Mar. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1070; as added, renumbered §272, and amended Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §§201(b), (c), 222(a)(3), (c)(2), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, 411, 412.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subpart, referred to in subsec. (b), means former subpart B (§§2372, 2372a) of this part. Subpart B was redesignated as this part, and remaining subparts A, C, and D were struck out, by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §222(a)(1), (2), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 411.

Codification

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, which provided for Feb. 13, 2011, termination of section, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, and this section, as added by Pub. L. 111–5, as amended by Pub. L. 111–152, and as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, was revived, effective Oct. 21, 2011, by Pub. L. 112–40, §201(b), (c). See 2010 and 2011 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates notes below.

Section was formerly classified to section 2372a of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 112–40.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2372 was transferred to section 2371 of this title.

Another prior section 2372, Pub. L. 93–618, title II, §272, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2036, related to Trade Impacted Area Councils for Adjustment Assistance and terminated Sept. 30, 1982, pursuant to section 285 of Pub. L. 93–618, set out as a Termination Date note preceding section 2271 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 111–5.

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–40, §222(c)(2), substituted "2371(a)(2)" for "2372(a)(2)". See Codification note above.

2010—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–152 struck out heading which read "Supplement not supplant" and in text substituted "There are" for "Funds" and "$500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 to carry out this subpart, except that the limitations contained in section 2372(a)(2) of this title shall not apply to such funds and each State shall receive not less than 0.5 percent of the amount appropriated pursuant to this subsection for each such fiscal year." for "pursuant to this section shall be used to supplement and not supplant other Federal, State, and local public funds expended to support community college and career training programs." See Codification note above.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates

For revival and applicability of section, as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, see section 201(b), (c) of Pub. L. 112–40, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Except as otherwise provided and subject to certain applicability provisions, section effective upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on Feb. 17, 2009, see section 1891 of Pub. L. 111–5, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note under section 2271 of this title.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, which provided that, except as otherwise provided, this section and the general amendment of this part not applicable on or after Feb. 13, 2011, and this part to be applied and administered beginning Feb. 13, 2011, as if this section and the general amendment of this part had never been enacted, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403. See Codification note above.

1 See References in Text note below.
19 U.S.C. § 3723 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 23: EXTENSION OF CERTAIN TRADE BENEFITS TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA / Subchapter II: TRADE BENEFITS / Section 3723: Free trade agreements with sub-Saharan African countries
Free trade agreements with sub-Saharan African countries
Status: in_force

(a) Declaration of policy

Congress declares that free trade agreements should be negotiated, where feasible, with interested countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in order to serve as the catalyst for increasing trade between the United States and sub-Saharan Africa and increasing private sector investment in sub-Saharan Africa.

(b) Plan requirement

(1) In general

The President, taking into account the provisions of the treaty establishing the African Economic Community and the willingness of the governments of sub-Saharan African countries to engage in negotiations to enter into free trade agreements, shall develop a plan for the purpose of negotiating and entering into one or more trade agreements with interested beneficiary sub-Saharan African countries.

(2) Elements of plan

The plan shall include the following:

(A) The specific objectives of the United States with respect to negotiations described in paragraph (1) and a suggested timetable for achieving those objectives.

(B) The benefits to both the United States and the relevant sub-Saharan African countries with respect to the applicable free trade agreement or agreements.

(C) A mutually agreed-upon timetable for the negotiations.

(D) The implications for and the role of regional and sub-regional organizations in sub-Saharan Africa with respect to such free trade agreement or agreements.

(E) Subject matter anticipated to be covered by the negotiations and United States laws, programs, and policies, as well as the laws of participating eligible African countries and existing bilateral and multilateral and economic cooperation and trade agreements, that may be affected by the agreement or agreements.

(F) Procedures to ensure the following:

(i) Adequate consultation with the Congress and the private sector during the negotiations.

(ii) Consultation with the Congress regarding all matters relating to implementation of the agreement or agreements.

(iii) Approval by the Congress of the agreement or agreements.

(iv) Adequate consultations with the relevant African governments and African regional and subregional intergovernmental organizations during the negotiation of the agreement or agreements.

(c) Reporting requirement

Not later than 12 months after May 18, 2000, the President shall prepare and transmit to the Congress a report containing the plan developed pursuant to subsection (b).

(Pub. L. 106–200, title I, §116, May 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 266.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Coordination of Efforts To Develop Free Trade Agreements With Sub-Saharan African Countries

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1293, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2560, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XII, §1289, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2081, provided that:

"(a) Coordination Between the United States Trade Representative and Other Agencies.—The United States Trade Representative shall consult and coordinate with other relevant Federal agencies to assist countries identified under paragraph (1) of section 110(b) of the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 (Public Law 114–27; 129 Stat. 370; 19 U.S.C. 3705 note) in the most recent report required by that section, including through the deployment of resources from those agencies to such countries and through trade capacity building, in addressing the plan developed under paragraph (3) of that section.

"(b) Coordination of USAID With Free Trade Agreement Policy.—

"(1) Authorization of funds.—Funds made available to the United States Agency for International Development under section 496 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293) after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016] may be used, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative—

"(A) to assist eligible countries, including by deploying resources to such countries, in addressing the plan developed under section 116(b) of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3723(b)); and

"(B) to assist eligible countries in the implementation of the commitments of those countries under agreements with the United States and under the WTO Agreement (as defined in section 2(9) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3501(9))) and agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement.

"(2) Definitions.—In this subsection:

"(A) Eligible country.—The term 'eligible country' means a sub-Saharan African country that receives—

"(i) benefits under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.); and

"(ii) funding from the United States Agency for International Development.

"(B) Sub-saharan african country.—The term 'sub-Saharan African country' has the meaning given that term in section 107 of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3706).

"(c) Coordination With Millennium Challenge Corporation.—

"(1) In general.—After the date of the enactment of this subsection [Aug. 13, 2018], with respect to those countries identified under section 110(b)(1) of the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 (Public Law 114–27; 129 Stat. 370; 19 U.S.C. 3705 note) that also meet the country description in paragraph (2), the United States Trade Representative shall consult and coordinate with the Millennium Challenge Corporation and the United States Agency for International Development for the purpose of developing and carrying out the plan required by section 116(b) of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (19 U.S.C. 3723(b)).

"(2) Country description.—A country is described in this paragraph if the country—

"(A) has entered into a Millennium Challenge Compact pursuant to section 609 of the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7708); or

"(B) is selected by the Board of Directors of the Millennium Challenge Corporation under subsection (c) of section 607 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 7706) from among the countries determined to be eligible countries under subsection (a) of that section."
19 U.S.C. § 2298 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter II: RELIEF FROM INJURY CAUSED BY IMPORT COMPETITION / Section 2298: Relocation allowances
Relocation allowances
Status: in_force

(a) Relocation allowance authorized

(1) In general

Any adversely affected worker covered by a certification issued under subpart A of this part may file an application for a relocation allowance with the Secretary, and the Secretary may grant the relocation allowance, subject to the terms and conditions of this section.

(2) Conditions for granting allowance

A relocation allowance may be granted if all of the following terms and conditions are met:

(A) Assist an adversely affected worker

The relocation allowance will assist an adversely affected worker in relocating within the United States.

(B) Local employment not available

The Secretary determines that the worker cannot reasonably be expected to secure suitable employment in the commuting area in which the worker resides.

(C) Total separation

The worker is totally separated from employment at the time relocation commences.

(D) Suitable employment obtained

The worker—

(i) has obtained suitable employment affording a reasonable expectation of long-term duration in the area in which the worker wishes to relocate; or

(ii) has obtained a bona fide offer of such employment.

(E) Application

The worker filed an application with the Secretary before—

(i) the later of—

(I) the 425th day after the date of the certification under subpart A of this part; or

(II) the 425th day after the date of the worker's last total separation; or

(ii) the date that is the 182d day after the date on which the worker concluded training, unless the worker received a waiver under section 2291(c) of this title.

(b) Amount of allowance

The relocation allowance granted to a worker under subsection (a) includes—

(1) 90 percent of the reasonable and necessary expenses (including, but not limited to, subsistence and transportation expenses at levels not exceeding those allowable under section 2296(b)(1) and (2) of this title specified in regulations prescribed by the Secretary) incurred in transporting the worker, the worker's family, and household effects; and

(2) a lump sum equivalent to 3 times the worker's average weekly wage, up to a maximum payment of $1,250.

(c) Limitations

A relocation allowance may not be granted to a worker unless—

(1) the relocation occurs within 182 days after the filing of the application for relocation assistance; or

(2) the relocation occurs within 182 days after the conclusion of training, if the worker entered a training program approved by the Secretary under section 2296(b)(1) and (2) of this title.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title II, §238, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2024; Pub. L. 97–35, title XXV, §2508, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, §2672(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1172; Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, title I, §122, Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 108–429, title II, §2004(a)(6), Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2590; Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1833(b), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 386; Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §§201(b), (c), 214(e), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, 406; Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(b), (c), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374.)

Termination of Assistance

For termination of assistance under this part after June 30, 2022, see Termination Date note below.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section reflects the July 1, 2021, reversion to provisions in effect on Jan. 1, 2014. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival note below.

Section 233 of Pub. L. 112–40, which provided for the Jan. 1, 2014, revival of this section as in effect on Feb. 13, 2011, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374, and the provisions of this section, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013, were temporarily revived, effective June 29, 2015, until July 1, 2021, by Pub. L. 114–27, §§402(b), (c), 406. See 2011 and 2015 Amendment notes, Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes, and Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival notes below.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, which provided for Feb. 13, 2011, termination of amendment by Pub. L. 111–5, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, and the provisions of this section, as amended by Pub. L. 111–5 and as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, were temporarily revived, effective Oct. 21, 2011, until Jan. 1, 2014, by Pub. L. 112–40, §§201(b), (c), 233. See 2009 and 2011 Amendment notes, Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment notes, and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes below.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–27, §§402(b), (c), 406, temporarily revived the provisions of this section, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013. See Codification note above and 2011 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival notes below.

2011—Pub. L. 112–40, §§201(b), (c), 233, temporarily revived the provisions of this section, as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011. See Codification note above and 2009 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes below.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(e)(1), 233, temporarily substituted "Each State may use funds made available to the State to carry out sections 2295 through 2298 of this title to allow an adversely affected worker" for "Any adversely affected worker" and "to file" for "may file". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(e)(2)(A), 233, in introductory provisions, temporarily substituted "Any" for "The" and "shall include" for "includes". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(e)(2)(B), 233, temporarily substituted "not more than 90 percent of the" for "all". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(e)(2)(C), 233, temporarily substituted "$1,250" for "$1,500". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

2009—Subsec. (a)(2)(E)(ii). Pub. L. 111–5, §§1833(b)(1), 1893, temporarily struck out ", unless the worker received a waiver under section 2291(c) of this title" before period. See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–5, §§1833(b)(2)(A), 1893, temporarily substituted "all" for "90 percent of the". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–5, §§1833(b)(2)(B), 1893, temporarily substituted "$1,500" for "$1,250". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

2004—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 108–429 substituted "Secretary)" for "Secretary,".

2002—Pub. L. 107–210 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (d) authorizing relocation allowances, specifying the conditions for granting them, and defining "relocation allowance".

1984—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 98–369 substituted "$800" for "$600".

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–35, §2508(1), inserted provisions relating to time for filing application and struck out provisions respecting total separation.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 97–35, §2508(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–35, §2508(3), substituted provisions respecting 182-day requirements for provisions respecting requirements involving entitlements for the week in which the application is filed and relocation occurring within a reasonable period of time.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 97–35, §2508(4)(A), increased percentage from 80 to 90 percent and inserted provision respecting allowable levels of subsistence and travel expenses.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 97–35, §2508(4)(B), increased maximum payment from $500 to $600.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival

For revival and applicability, beginning on June 29, 2015, of the provisions of this section as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013, see section 402(b), (c) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

For reversion, beginning on July 1, 2021, to the provisions of this section as in effect on Jan. 1, 2014, with certain exceptions and subject to section 406(b) of Pub. L. 114–27, see section 406 of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival

For revival and applicability, beginning on Oct. 21, 2011, of the provisions of this section as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, see section 201(b), (c) of Pub. L. 112–40, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Section 233 of Pub. L. 112–40, formerly set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title, which provided for the reversion, beginning on Jan. 1, 2014, of the provisions of this section to those in effect on Feb. 13, 2011, subject to certain exceptions, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374, effective June 29, 2015. See Codification note above.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment

Except as otherwise provided and subject to certain applicability provisions, amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 effective upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on Feb. 17, 2009, see section 1891 of Pub. L. 111–5, set out as a note under section 2271 of this title.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, formerly set out as a Termination Date of 2009 Amendment note preceding section 2271 of this title, which provided that, except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 not applicable on or after Feb. 13, 2011, and that this section be applied and administered beginning Feb. 13, 2011, as if amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 had never been enacted, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, effective Oct. 21, 2011. See Codification note above.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–210 applicable to petitions for certification filed under this part or part 3 of this subchapter on or after the date that is 90 days after Aug. 6, 2002, except as otherwise provided, see section 151 of Pub. L. 107–210, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment and Transition Provisions

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective for determinations made or filed after Sept. 30, 1981, with transition provisions applicable, see section 2514 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 2291 of this title.

Termination Date

No trade adjustment assistance, vouchers, allowances, or other payments or benefits may be provided under this part after June 30, 2022, except as otherwise provided, see section 285 of Pub. L. 93–618, as modified by section 406(a)(7) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as notes preceding section 2271 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 3206 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 20: ANDEAN TRADE PREFERENCE / Section 3206: Termination of preferential treatment
Termination of preferential treatment
Status: in_force

(a) In general

No duty-free treatment or other preferential treatment extended to beneficiary countries under this chapter shall—

(1) remain in effect—

(A) with respect to Colombia after July 31, 2013; and

(B) with respect to Peru after December 31, 2010;

(2) remain in effect with respect to Ecuador after June 30, 2009, except that duty-free treatment and other preferential treatment under this chapter shall remain in effect with respect to Ecuador during the period beginning on July 1, 2009, and ending on July 31, 2013, unless the President reviews the criteria set forth in section 3202 of this title, and on or before June 30, 2009, reports to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives pursuant to subsection (b) that—

(A) the President has determined that Ecuador does not satisfy the requirements set forth in section 3202(c) of this title for being designated as a beneficiary country; and

(B) in making that determination, the President has taken into account each of the factors set forth in section 3202(d) of this title; and

(3) remain in effect with respect to Bolivia after June 30, 2009, except that duty-free treatment and other preferential treatment under this chapter shall remain in effect with respect to Bolivia during the period beginning on July 1, 2009, and ending on December 31, 2009, only if the President reviews the criteria set forth in section 3202 of this title, and on or before June 30, 2009, reports to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives pursuant to subsection (b) that—

(A) the President has determined that Bolivia satisfies the requirements set forth in section 3202(c) of this title for being designated as a beneficiary country; and

(B) in making that determination, the President has taken into account each of the factors set forth in section 3202(d) of this title.

(b) Reports

On or before June 30, 2009, the President shall make determinations pursuant to subsections (a)(2)(A) and (a)(3)(A) and report to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives on—

(1) such determinations; and

(2) the reasons for such determinations.

(Pub. L. 102–182, title II, §208, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 107–210, div. C, title XXXI, §3104(a), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1034; Pub. L. 109–432, div. D, title VII, §7002, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3194; Pub. L. 110–42, §1, June 30, 2007, 121 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 110–191, §2(a), Feb. 29, 2008, 122 Stat. 646; Pub. L. 110–436, §1(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4976; Pub. L. 111–124, §2(a), Dec. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 3484; Pub. L. 111–344, title II, §201(a), (b), Dec. 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 3616; Pub. L. 112–42, title V, §501(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 494.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (2). Pub. L. 112–42 substituted "July 31, 2013" for "February 12, 2011".

2010—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–344, §201(a), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "remain in effect with respect to Colombia or Peru after December 31, 2010;".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–344, §201(b), substituted "February 12, 2011" for "December 31, 2010" in introductory provisions.

2009—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 111–124 substituted "December 31, 2010" for "December 31, 2009".

2008—Pub. L. 110–436 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "No duty-free treatment or other preferential treatment extended to beneficiary countries under this chapter shall remain in effect after December 31, 2008."

Pub. L. 110–191 substituted "December 31, 2008" for "February 29, 2008".

2007—Pub. L. 110–42 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading at beginning of section, substituted "No" for "Subject to subsection (b), no" and "February 29, 2008" for "June 30, 2007", and struck out subsec. (b), which provided for certain conditional extensions.

2006—Pub. L. 109–432 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted "Subject to subsection (b), no" for "No" and "June 30, 2007" for "December 31, 2006", and added subsec. (b).

2002—Pub. L. 107–210 substituted "Termination of preferential treatment" for "Effective date and termination of duty-free treatment" in section catchline and amended text generally, substituting provisions establishing a termination date of Dec. 31, 2006, for preferential treatment under this chapter for provisions designated subsecs. (a) and (b) establishing an effective date of Dec. 4, 1991, for this chapter and a termination date 10 years later for duty-free treatment under this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2011 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–42 applicable to articles entered on or after the 15th day after Oct. 21, 2011, with retroactive application for certain liquidations and reliquidations, see section 501(c) of Pub. L. 112–42, set out in a note under section 3805 of this title.

Retroactive Application for Certain Liquidations and Reliquidations

Pub. L. 107–210, div. C, title XXXI, §3104(b), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1034, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Notwithstanding section 514 of the Tariff Act of 1930 [19 U.S.C. 1514] or any other provision of law, and subject to paragraph (3), the entry—

"(A) of any article to which duty-free treatment (or preferential treatment) under the Andean Trade Preference Act (19 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.) would have applied if the entry had been made on December 4, 2001, and

"(B) that was made after December 4, 2001, and before the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 6, 2002],

shall be liquidated or reliquidated as if such duty-free treatment (or preferential treatment) applied, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall refund any duty paid with respect to such entry.

"(2) Entry.—As used in this subsection, the term 'entry' includes a withdrawal from warehouse for consumption.

"(3) Requests.—Liquidation or reliquidation may be made under paragraph (1) with respect to an entry only if a request therefor is filed with the Customs Service, within 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, that contains sufficient information to enable the Customs Service—

"(A) to locate the entry; or

"(B) to reconstruct the entry if it cannot be located."

[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.]
19 U.S.C. § 2151 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter I: NEGOTIATING AND OTHER AUTHORITY / Section 2151: Advice from International Trade Commission
Advice from International Trade Commission
Status: in_force

(a) Lists of articles which may be considered for action

(1) In connection with any proposed trade agreement under section 2133 of this title or subsection (a) or (b) of section 4202 of this title, the President shall from time to time publish and furnish the International Trade Commission (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Commission") with lists of articles which may be considered for modification or continuance of United States duties, continuance of United States duty-free or excise treatment, or additional duties. In the case of any article with respect to which consideration may be given to reducing or increasing the rate of duty, the list shall specify the provision of this subchapter under which such consideration may be given.

(2) In connection with any proposed trade agreement under section 4202(b) of this title, the President may from time to time publish and furnish the Commission with lists of nontariff matters which may be considered for modification.

(b) Advice to President by Commission

Within 6 months after receipt of a list under subsection (a) or, in the case of a list submitted in connection with a trade agreement, within 90 days after receipt of such list, the Commission shall advise the President, with respect to each article or nontariff matter, of its judgment as to the probable economic effect of modification of the tariff or nontariff measure on industries producing like or directly competitive articles and on consumers, so as to assist the President in making an informed judgment as to the impact which might be caused by such modifications on United States interests, such as sectors involved in manufacturing, agriculture, mining, fishing, services, intellectual property, investment, labor, and consumers. Such advice may include in the case of any article the advice of the Commission as to whether any reduction in the rate of duty should take place over a longer period of time than the minimum period provided for in section 4202(a)(4)(A) of this title.

(c) Additional investigations and reports requested by President or Trade Representative

In addition, in order to assist the President in his determination whether to enter into any agreement under section 2133 of this title or section 4202(a) of this title, or how to develop trade policy, priorities or other matters (such as priorities for actions to improve opportunities in foreign markets), the Commission shall make such investigations and reports as may be requested by the President or the United States Trade Representative on matters such as effects of modification of any barrier to (or other distortion of) international trade on domestic workers, industries or sectors, purchasers, prices and quantities of articles in the United States.

(d) Commission steps in preparing its advice to President

In preparing its advice to the President under this section, the Commission shall to the extent practicable—

(1) investigate conditions, causes, and effects relating to competition between the foreign industries producing the articles or services in question and the domestic industries producing the like or directly competitive articles or services;

(2) analyze the production, trade, and consumption of each like or directly competitive article or service, taking into consideration employment, profit levels, and use of productive facilities with respect to the domestic industries concerned, and such other economic factors in such industries as it considers relevant, including prices, wages, sales, inventories, patterns of demand, capital investment, obsolescence of equipment, and diversification of production;

(3) describe the probable nature and extent of any significant change in employment, profit levels, and use of productive facilities; the overall impact of such or other possible changes on the competitiveness of relevant domestic industries or sectors; and such other conditions as it deems relevant in the domestic industries or sectors concerned which it believes such modifications would cause; and

(4) make special studies (including studies of real wages paid in foreign supplying countries), whenever deemed to be warranted, of particular proposed modifications affecting United States manufacturing, agriculture, mining, fishing, labor, consumers, services, intellectual property and investment, using to the fullest extent practicable United States Government facilities abroad and appropriate personnel of the United States.

(e) Public hearings

In preparing its advice to the President under this section, the Commission shall, after reasonable notice, hold public hearings.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §131, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1994; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, §1111(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 107–210, div. B, title XXI, §2110(a)(2), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1019; Pub. L. 114–26, title I, §110(a)(1), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 357.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–26, §110(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted "subsection (a) or (b) of section 4202 of this title" for "section 3803(a) or (b) of this title".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–26, §110(a)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "section 4202(b) of this title" for "section 3803(b) of this title".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–26, §110(a)(1)(B), substituted "section 4202(a)(4)(A) of this title" for "section 3803(a)(3)(A) of this title".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–26, §110(a)(1)(C), substituted "section 4202(a) of this title" for "section 3803 of this title".

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–210, §2110(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted "section 2133 of this title or section 3803(a) or (b) of this title," for "section 2133 of this title or section 2902(a) or (c) of this title,".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–210, §2110(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted "section 3803(b) of this title" for "section 2902(b) or (c) of this title".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–210, §2110(a)(2)(B), substituted "section 3803(a)(3)(A) of this title" for "section 2902(a)(3)(A) of this title".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–210, §2110(a)(2)(C), substituted "section 3803 of this title," for "section 2902 of this title,".

1988—Pub. L. 100–418 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which related to: in subsec. (a), lists of articles which could be considered for modification or continuance of duties, duty-free or excise treatment, or additional duties; in subsec. (b), advice to President following receipt of list by Commission; in subsec. (c), additional investigations and reports requested by President; in subsec. (d), Commission steps in preparing its advice to President; and in subsec. (e), public hearings.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Authority

For delegation of functions of President under div. B of Pub. L. 107–210, amending this section, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13277, Nov. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 70305, set out as a note under section 3801 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 3903 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 25: CLEAN DIAMOND TRADE / Section 3903: Measures for the importation and exportation of rough diamonds
Measures for the importation and exportation of rough diamonds
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition

The President shall prohibit the importation into, or exportation from, the United States of any rough diamond, from whatever source, that has not been controlled through the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

(b) Waiver

The President may waive the requirements set forth in subsection (a) with respect to a particular country for periods of not more than 1 year each, if, with respect to each such waiver—

(1) the President determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that such country is taking effective steps to implement the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme; or

(2) the President determines that the waiver is in the national interests of the United States, and reports such determination to the appropriate congressional committees, together with the reasons therefor.

(Pub. L. 108–19, §4, Apr. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 633.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

For effective date of this section, see section 15 of Pub. L. 108–19, set out as a note under section 3901 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For assignment of functions of President under subsec. (b) of this section, see section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 13312, July 29, 2003, 68 F.R. 45151, set out as a note under section 3901 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 3556 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 22: URUGUAY ROUND TRADE AGREEMENTS / Subchapter I: APPROVAL OF, AND GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO, URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS / Section 3556: Certain nonrubber footwear
Certain nonrubber footwear
Status: in_force

In the case of nonrubber footwear imported from Brazil—

(1) which is subject to Treasury Decision 74-233, dated September 9, 1974,

(2) which was entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or before October 28, 1981, and

(3) with respect to which entries are unliquidated on December 8, 1994,

countervailing duties shall be assessed at rates equal to the amount of the cash deposit of the estimated countervailing duties required on such footwear at the time of entry or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption. Interest on underpayments of amounts required to be deposited as countervailing duties shall be paid in accordance with section 1677g of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–465, title I, §137, Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4842.)
19 U.S.C. § 1623 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1623: Bonds and other security
Bonds and other security
Status: in_force

(a) Requirement of bond by regulation

In any case in which bond or other security is not specifically required by law, the Secretary of the Treasury may by regulation or specific instruction require, or authorize customs officers to require, such bonds or other security as he, or they, may deem necessary for the protection of the revenue or to assure compliance with any provision of law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service may be authorized to enforce.

(b) Conditions and form of bond

Whenever a bond is required or authorized by a law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce, the Secretary of the Treasury may—

(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, prescribe the conditions and form of such bond and the manner in which the bond may be filed with or, pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system, transmitted to the Customs Service, and fix the amount of penalty thereof, whether for the payment of liquidated damages or of a penal sum: Provided, That when a consolidated bond authorized by paragraph 4 of this subsection is taken, the Secretary of the Treasury may fix the penalty of such bond without regard to any other provision of law, regulation, or instruction.

(2) Provide for the approval of the sureties on such bond, without regard to any general provision of law.

(3) Authorize the execution of a term bond the conditions of which shall extend to and cover similar cases of importations over such period of time, not to exceed one year, or such longer period as he may fix when in his opinion special circumstances existing in a particular instance require such longer period.

(4) Authorize, to the extent that he may deem necessary, the taking of a consolidated bond (single entry or term), in lieu of separate bonds to assure compliance with two or more provisions of law, regulations, or instructions which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce. A consolidated bond taken pursuant to the authority contained in this subsection shall have the same force and effect in respect of every provision of law, regulation, or instruction for the purposes for which it is required as though separate bonds had been taken to assure compliance with each such provision.

(c) Cancellation of bond

The Secretary of the Treasury may authorize the cancellation of any bond provided for in this section, or of any charge that may have been made against such bond, in the event of a breach of any condition of the bond, upon the payment of such lesser amount or penalty or upon such other terms and conditions as he may deem sufficient. In order to assure uniform, reasonable, and equitable decisions, the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish guidelines establishing standards for setting the terms and conditions for cancellation of bonds or charges thereunder.

(d) Validity of bond

No condition in any bond taken to assure compliance with any law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce shall be held invalid on the ground that such condition is not specified in the law, regulation, or instruction authorizing or requiring the taking of such bond. Any bond transmitted to the Customs Service pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system shall have the same force and effect and be binding upon the parties thereto as if such bond were manually executed, signed, and filed.

(e) Deposit of money or obligation of United States in lieu of bond

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to permit the deposit of money or obligations of the United States, in such amount and upon such conditions as he may by regulation prescribe, in lieu of sureties on any bond required or authorized by a law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §623, 46 Stat. 759; June 25, 1938, ch. 679, §30, 52 Stat. 1089; Pub. L. 91–271, title III, §301(ii), June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 100—418, title I, §1904, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, §647, Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2207.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–182, §647(1), inserted "and the manner in which the bond may be filed with or, pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system, transmitted to the Customs Service" after "form of such bond".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–182, §647(2), inserted at end "Any bond transmitted to the Customs Service pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system shall have the same force and effect and be binding upon the parties thereto as if such bond were manually executed, signed, and filed."

1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–418 provided for publication of guidelines establishing customs bond cancellation standards.

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–271 substituted reference to customs officers for reference to collectors of customs.

1938—Act June 25, 1938, amended section generally, among other changes adding subsecs. (c) to (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 91–271, see section 203 of Pub. L. 91–271, set out as a note under section 1500 of this title.

Effective Date of 1938 Amendment

Amendment by act June 25, 1938, effective on thirtieth day following June 25, 1938, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 37 of act June 25, 1938, set out as a note under section 1401 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of officers of Department of the Treasury and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, 1281, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Customs Service was under Department of the Treasury.
19 U.S.C. § 1821 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 7: TRADE EXPANSION PROGRAM / Subchapter II: TRADE AGREEMENTS / Section 1821: Basic authority for trade agreements
Basic authority for trade agreements
Status: in_force

(a) Determination by President; trade agreements; modification or continuance of existing duties

Whenever the president determines that any existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that any of the purposes stated in section 1801 of this title will be promoted thereby, the President may—

(1) after June 30, 1962, and before July 1, 1967, enter into trade agreements with foreign countries or instrumentalities thereof; and

(2) proclaim such modification or continuance of any existing duty or other import restriction, such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, or such additional import restrictions, as he determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement.

(b) Restrictions on decrease or increase in rate of duty

Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, no proclamation pursuant to subsection (a) shall be made—

(1) decreasing any rate of duty to a rate below 50 percent of the rate existing on July 1, 1962; or

(2) increasing any rate of duty to (or imposing) a rate more than 50 percent above the rate existing on July 1, 1934.

(Pub. L. 87–794, title II, §201, Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 872.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Wood-Wind and Parts of Wood-Wind Instruments

Pub. L. 90–234, §2(b)(2), Dec. 30, 1967, 81 Stat. 752, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act, insofar as such amendments relate to items 725.24 and 726.70 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, shall not affect the authority of the President contained in section 201(a)(2) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 [subsec. (a)(2) of this section]."

Dicyandiamide and Limestone: Duty-Free Entry

Duty-free treatment pursuant to this chapter of dicyandiamide in item 425.40 and limestone when imported for use in manufacture of cement in item 513.34 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, by provision for non-application of subsec. (b)(1) of this section, see section 1823 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 1683f (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1683f: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) In general

It shall be unlawful for any person to import into the United States softwood lumber or softwood lumber products in knowing violation of this subtitle.

(b) Civil penalties

Any person who commits an unlawful act as set forth in subsection (a) shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each knowing violation.

(c) Other penalties

In addition to the penalties provided for in subsection (b), any violation of this subtitle that violates any other customs law of the United States shall be subject to any applicable civil and criminal penalty, including seizure and forfeiture, that may be imposed under such custom law or title 18, with respect to the importation of softwood lumber and softwood lumber products described in section 1683b(a) of this title.

(d) Factors to consider in assessing penalties

In determining the amount of civil penalties to be assessed under this section, consideration shall be given to any history of prior violations of this subtitle by the person, the ability of the person to pay the penalty, the seriousness of the violation, and such other matters as fairness may require.

(e) Notice

No penalty may be assessed under this section against a person for violating a provision of this subtitle unless the person is given notice and opportunity to make statements, both oral and written, with respect to such violation.

(f) Exception

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, and without limitation, an importer shall not be found to have violated subsection 1 1683a(c) of this title if—

(1) the importer made an appropriate inquiry in accordance with section 1683a(c)(1) of this title with respect to the declaration;

(2) the importer produces records maintained pursuant to section 1683e(b) of this title that substantiate the declaration; and

(3) there is not substantial evidence indicating that the importer knew that the fact to which the importer made the declaration was false.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title VIII, §808, as added Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3301(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1852.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1683a of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was in the original section "803", and was translated as meaning the section 803 of act June 17, 1930, as added by section 3301(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 60 days after June 18, 2008, see section 3301(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1683 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "section".
19 U.S.C. § 3108 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 19: TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE / Section 3108: Consultations
Consultations
Status: in_force

(a) Advice from departments and agencies

Prior to taking any action under this chapter, the President shall seek information and advice from the interagency trade organization established under section 1872(a) of this title.

(b) Advice from private sector

Before—

(1) the Trade Representative concludes the investigation conducted under section 3103(a) of this title or takes action under section 3103(c) of this title,

(2) the President establishes specific negotiating objectives under section 3104(b) of this title with respect to any foreign country, or

(3) the President takes action under section 3105 of this title,

the Trade Representative shall provide an opportunity for the presentation of views by any interested party with respect to such investigation, objectives, or action, including appropriate committees established pursuant to section 2155 of this title.

(c) Consultations with Congress and official advisors

For purposes of conducting negotiations under section 3104(a) of this title, the Trade Representative shall keep appropriate committees of the Congress, as well as appropriate committees established pursuant to section 2155 of this title, currently informed with respect to—

(1) the negotiating priorities and objectives for each priority foreign country;

(2) the assessment of negotiating prospects, both bilateral and multilateral; and

(3) any United States concessions which might be included in negotiations to achieve the objectives described in subsections (c) and (d) of section 3104 of this title.

(d) Modification of specific negotiating objectives

Before the President takes any action under section 3104(b)(2)(A) of this title to refine or modify specific negotiating objectives, the President shall consult with the Congress and with members of the industry, and representatives of labor, affected by the proposed refinement or modification.

(Pub. L. 100–418, title I, §1379, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1223.)
19 U.S.C. § 2136 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter I: NEGOTIATING AND OTHER AUTHORITY / Section 2136: Reciprocal nondiscriminatory treatment
Reciprocal nondiscriminatory treatment
Status: in_force

(a) Direct and indirect imports

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter or in any other provision of law, any duty or other import restriction or duty-free treatment proclaimed in carrying out any trade agreement under this subchapter shall apply to products of all foreign countries, whether imported directly or indirectly.

(b) Presidential determination of whether major industrial countries have made substantially equivalent concessions to the United States

The President shall determine, after the conclusion of all negotiations entered into under this chapter or at the end of the 5-year period beginning on January 3, 1975, whichever is earlier, whether any major industrial country has failed to make concessions under trade agreements entered into under this chapter which provide competitive opportunities for the commerce of the United States in such country substantially equivalent to the competitive opportunities, provided by concessions made by the United States under trade agreements entered into under this chapter, for the commerce of such country in the United States.

(c) Major industrial countries

For purposes of this section, "major industrial country" means Canada, the European Economic Community, the individual member countries of such Community, Japan, and any other foreign country designated by the President for purposes of this subsection.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §126, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1992; Pub. L. 105–362, title XIV, §1401(b)(1), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 93–618, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1978, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 2101 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1998—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–362 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to recommendations to Congress for legislation following a Presidential determination that a major industrial country failed to grant equivalent concessions.
19 U.S.C. § 1681a (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1681a: Requirements for entry of certain cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products
Requirements for entry of certain cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

Except as provided in subsection (b), cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products may be imported into the United States only if—

(1) the original manufacturer of those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products has timely submitted, or has certified that it will timely submit, to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the lists of the ingredients added to the tobacco in the manufacture of such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products as described in section 1335a of title 15 or section 4403 of title 15, as the case may be;

(2) the precise warning statements in the precise format specified in section 1333 of title 15 or section 4402 of title 15, as the case may be, are permanently imprinted on both—

(A) the primary packaging of all those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products; and

(B) any other pack, box, carton, or container of any kind in which those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products are to be offered for sale or otherwise distributed to consumers;

(3) the manufacturer or importer of those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products is in compliance with respect to those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products being imported into the United States with a rotation plan approved by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to section 1333(c) 1 of title 15 or section 4402(d) 1 of title 15, as the case may be;

(4) if such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products bear a United States trademark registered for such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products, the owner of such United States trademark registration for cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products (or a person authorized to act on behalf of such owner) has consented to the importation of such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products into the United States; and

(5) the importer has submitted at the time of entry all of the certificates described in subsection (c).

(b) Exemptions

Cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products satisfying the conditions of any of the following paragraphs shall not be subject to the requirements of subsection (a):

(1) Personal-use cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products

Cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products that are imported into the United States in personal use quantities that are allowed entry free of tax and duty under subchapter IV of chapter 98 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products sold in connection with a delivery sale.

(2) Cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products imported into the United States for analysis

Cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products that are imported into the United States solely for the purpose of analysis in quantities suitable for such purpose, but only if the importer submits at the time of entry a certificate signed, under penalties of perjury, by the consignee (or a person authorized by such consignee) providing such facts as may be required by the Secretary to establish that such consignee is a manufacturer of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products, a Federal or State government agency, a university, or is otherwise engaged in bona fide research and stating that such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products will be used solely for analysis and will not be sold in domestic commerce in the United States.

(3) Cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products intended for noncommercial use, reexport, or repackaging

Cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products—

(A) for which the owner of such United States trademark registration for cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products (or a person authorized to act on behalf of such owner) has consented to the importation of such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products into the United States; and

(B) for which the importer submits a certificate signed by the manufacturer or export warehouse (or a person authorized by such manufacturer or export warehouse) to which such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products are to be delivered (as provided in subparagraph (A)) stating, under penalties of perjury, with respect to those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products, that it will not distribute those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products into domestic commerce unless prior to such distribution all steps have been taken to comply with paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a), and, to the extent applicable, section 5754(a)(1)(B) and (C) of title 26.

For purposes of this section, a trademark is registered in the United States if it is registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office under the provisions of title I of the Act of July 5, 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq.] (popularly known as the "Trademark Act of 1946"), and a copy of the certificate of registration of such mark has been filed with the Secretary. The Secretary shall make available to interested parties a current list of the marks so filed.

(c) Customs certifications required for cigarette or smokeless tobacco product imports

The certificates that must be submitted by the importer of cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products at the time of entry in order to comply with subsection (a)(5) are—

(1) a certificate signed by the manufacturer of such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products or an authorized official of such manufacturer stating under penalties of perjury, with respect to those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products, that such manufacturer has timely submitted, and will continue to submit timely, to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the ingredient reporting information required by section 1335a of title 15 or section 4403 of title 15, as the case may be;

(2) a certificate signed by such importer or an authorized official of such importer stating under penalties of perjury that—

(A) the precise warning statements in the precise format required by section 1333 of title 15 or section 4402 of title 15, as the case may be, are permanently imprinted on both—

(i) the primary packaging of all those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products; and

(ii) any other pack, box, carton, or container of any kind in which those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products are to be offered for sale or otherwise distributed to consumers; and

(B) with respect to those cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products being imported into the United States, such importer has complied, and will continue to comply, with a rotation plan approved by the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to section 1333(c) 1 of title 15 or section 4402(d) 1 of title 15, as the case may be; and

(3)(A) if such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products bear a United States trademark registered for cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products, a certificate signed by the owner of such United States trademark registration for cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products (or a person authorized to act on behalf of such owner) stating under penalties of perjury that such owner (or authorized person) consents to the importation of such cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products into the United States; and

(B) a certificate signed by the importer or an authorized official of such importer stating under penalties of perjury that the consent referred to in subparagraph (A) is accurate, remains in effect, and has not been withdrawn.

The Secretary may provide by regulation for the submission of certifications under this section in electronic form if, prior to the entry of any cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products into the United States, the person required to provide such certifications submits to the Secretary a written statement, signed under penalties of perjury, verifying the accuracy and completeness of all information contained in such electronic submissions.

(d) State access to customs certifications

A State, through its Attorney General, shall be entitled to obtain copies of any certification required under subsection (c) directly—

(1) upon request to the agency of the United States responsible for collecting such certification; or

(2) upon request to the importer, manufacturer, or authorized official of such importer or manufacturer.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title VIII, §802, as added Pub. L. 106–476, title IV, §4004(a), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2178; amended Pub. L. 109–432, div. C, title IV, §401(b), (c), (e)(1), (2), (4)(B), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3048, 3049.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title.

The Trademark Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (b), is act July 5, 1946, ch. 540, 60 Stat. 427, also popularly known as the Lanham Act. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§1051 et seq.) of chapter 22 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1051 of Title 15 and Tables.

Sections 1333 and 4402 of title 15, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3) and (c)(2)(B), were amended by Pub. L. 111–31, div. A, title II, §§201(a), 202(b), 204(a), 205(a), 206, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1842, 1845, 1846, 1848, 1849, and, as so amended, sections 1333(c) and 4402(d) no longer relate to the Federal Trade Commission's approval of a rotation plan.

Codification

Another section 802 of act June 17, 1930, is classified to section 1683 of this title.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(4)(B), inserted "and smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(A)(i), inserted "or section 4403 of title 15, as the case may be" after "section 1335a of title 15".

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in two places.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(A)(ii), inserted "or section 4402 of title 15, as the case may be," after "section 1333 of title 15" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(A)(iii), inserted "or section 4402(d) of title 15, as the case may be" after "section 1333(c) of title 15".

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in two places.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), which directed insertion of "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" wherever appearing, was executed by making the insertion after "Cigarettes" in introductory provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(B)(i), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), which directed insertion of "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" wherever appearing, was executed by making the insertion after "Cigarettes" in subsec. (b)(1), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(b), inserted at end "The preceding sentence shall not apply to any cigarettes or smokeless tobacco products sold in connection with a delivery sale."

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(B)(ii), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "Cigarettes" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), which directed insertion of "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" wherever appearing, was executed by making the insertion after "Cigarettes" and "cigarettes" wherever appearing, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(C)(i), inserted "or smokeless tobacco product" after "cigarette" in heading.

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in introductory and concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(C)(ii), inserted "or section 4403 of title 15, as the case may be" after "section 1335a of title 15".

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in two places.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(C)(iii), inserted "or section 4402 of title 15, as the case may be," after "section 1333 of title 15" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" in cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(2)(C)(iv), inserted "or section 4402(d) of title 15, as the case may be" after "section 1333(c) of title 15".

Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes".

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(e)(1), inserted "or smokeless tobacco products" after "cigarettes" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–432, §401(c), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–432 applicable with respect to goods entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after Dec. 20, 2006, see section 401(g) of Pub. L. 109–432, set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective 30 days after Nov. 9, 2000, see section 4004(b) of Pub. L. 106–476, set out as a note under section 1681 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
19 U.S.C. § 3411 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 21: NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE / Subchapter III: APPLICATION OF AGREEMENT TO SECTORS AND SERVICES / Section 3411: Repealed. Pub. L. 116-113, title VI, §601, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 78
Repealed. Pub. L. 116-113, title VI, §601, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 78
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 103–182, title III, §352, Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2122, related to effective date of certain transportation regulations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the date on which the USMCA entered into force (July 1, 2020), see section 601 of Pub. L. 116–113, set out as a note under former section 3301 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 4435 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 28: TRADE FACILITATION AND TRADE ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter VII: PRECLEARANCE OPERATIONS / Section 4435: Recovery of initial U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance operations costs
Recovery of initial U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance operations costs
Status: in_force

(a) Cost sharing agreements with relevant airport authorities

The Commissioner may enter into a cost sharing agreement with airport authorities in foreign countries at which preclearance operations are to be established or maintained if—

(1) an executive agreement to establish or maintain such preclearance operations pursuant to the authorities under section 1629 of this title and section 1103(a)(7) of title 8 has been signed, but has not yet entered into force; and

(2) U.S. Customs and Border Protection has incurred, or expects to incur, initial preclearance operations costs in order to establish or maintain preclearance operations under the agreement described in paragraph (1).

(b) Contents of cost sharing agreements

(1) In general

Notwithstanding section 58c(e) of this title and section 1356(g) of title 8, any cost sharing agreement with an airport authority authorized under subsection (a) may provide for the airport authority's payment to U.S. Customs and Border Protection of its initial preclearance operations costs.

(2) Timing of payments

The airport authority's payment to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for its initial preclearance operations costs may be made in advance of the incurrence of the costs or on a reimbursable basis.

(c) Account

(1) In general

All amounts collected pursuant to any cost sharing agreement authorized under subsection (a)—

(A) shall be credited as offsetting collections to the currently applicable appropriation, account, or fund of U.S. Customs and Border Protection;

(B) shall remain available, until expended, for the purposes for which such appropriation, account, or fund is authorized to be used; and

(C) may be collected and shall be available only to the extent provided in appropriations Acts.

(2) Return of unused funds

Any advances or reimbursements not used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection may be returned to the relevant airport authority.

(3) Rule of construction

Nothing in this subsection may be construed to preclude the use of appropriated funds from sources other than the payments collected under this subchapter to pay initial preclearance operation costs.

(d) Defined term

(1) In general

In this section, the term "initial preclearance operations costs" means the costs incurred, or expected to be incurred, by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to establish or maintain preclearance operations at an airport in a foreign country, including costs relating to—

(A) hiring, training, and equipping new U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers who will be stationed at United States domestic ports of entry or other U.S. Customs and Border Protection facilities to backfill U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers to be stationed at an airport in a foreign country to conduct preclearance operations; and

(B) visits to the airport authority conducted by U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel necessary to prepare for the establishment or maintenance of preclearance operations at such airport, including the compensation, travel expenses, and allowances payable to such personnel attributable to such visits.

(2) Exception

The costs described in paragraph (1)(A) shall not include the salaries and benefits of new U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers once such officers are permanently stationed at a domestic United States port of entry or other domestic U.S. Customs and Border Protection facility after being hired, trained, and equipped.

(e) Rule of construction

Except as otherwise provided in this section, nothing in this section may be construed as affecting the responsibilities, duties, or authorities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

(Pub. L. 114–125, title VIII, §817, Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 220.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle B (§§811–819) of title VIII of Pub. L. 114–125, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of subtitle B to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4301 of this title and Tables.
19 U.S.C. § 1336 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1336: Equalization of costs of production
Equalization of costs of production
Status: in_force

(a) Change of classification or duties

In order to put into force and effect the policy of Congress by this chapter intended, the commission (1) upon request of the President, or (2) upon resolution of either or both Houses of Congress, or (3) upon its own motion, or (4) when in the judgment of the commission there is good and sufficient reason therefor, upon application of any interested party, shall investigate the differences in the costs of production of any domestic article and of any like or similar foreign article. In the course of the investigation the commission shall hold hearings and give reasonable public notice thereof, and shall afford reasonable opportunity for parties interested to be present, to produce evidence, and to be heard at such hearings. The commission shall report to the President the results of the investigation and its findings with respect to such differences in costs of production. If the commission finds it shown by the investigation that the duties expressly fixed by statute do not equalize the differences in the costs of production of the domestic article and the like or similar foreign article when produced in the principal competing country, the commission shall specify in its report such increases or decreases in rates of duty expressly fixed by statute (including any necessary change in classification) as it finds shown by the investigation to be necessary to equalize such differences. In no case shall the total increase or decrease of such rates of duty exceed 50 per centum of the rates expressly fixed by statute.

(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–39, title II, §202(a)(2)(A), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 202

(c) Proclamation by the President

The President shall by proclamation approve the rates of duty and changes in classification specified in any report of the commission under this section, if in his judgment such rates of duty and changes are shown by such investigation of the commission to be necessary to equalize such differences in costs of production.

(d) Effective date of rates and changes

Commencing thirty days after the date of any presidential proclamation of approval the increased or decreased rates of duty and changes in classification specified in the report of the commission shall take effect.

(e) Ascertainment of differences in costs of production

In ascertaining under this section the differences in costs of production, the commission shall take into consideration, in so far as it finds it practicable:

(1) In the case of a domestic article

(A) The cost of production as hereinafter in this section defined; (B) transportation costs and other costs incident to delivery to the principal market or markets of the United States for the article; and (C) other relevant factors that constitute an advantage or disadvantage in competition.

(2) In the case of a foreign article

(A) The cost of production as hereinafter in this section defined, or, if the commission finds that such cost is not readily ascertainable, the commission may accept as evidence thereof, or as supplemental thereto, the weighted average of the invoice prices or values for a representative period and/or the average wholesale selling price for a representative period (which price shall be that at which the article is freely offered for sale to all purchasers in the principal market or markets of the principal competing country or countries in the ordinary course of trade and in the usual wholesale quantities in such market or markets); (B) transportation costs and other costs incident to delivery to the principal market or markets of the United States for the article; (C) other relevant factors that constitute an advantage or disadvantage in competition, including advantages granted to the foreign producers by a government, person, partnership, corporation, or association in a foreign country.

(f) Modification of changes in duty

Any increased or decreased rate of duty or change in classification which has taken effect as above provided may be modified or terminated in the same manner and subject to the same conditions and limitations (including time of taking effect) as is provided in this section in the case of original increases, decreases, or changes.

(g) Prohibition against transfers from the free list to the dutiable list or from the dutiable list to the free list

Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize a transfer of an article from the dutiable list to the free list or from the free list to the dutiable list, nor a change in form of duty. Whenever it is provided in any paragraph of Subtitle I of this chapter, or in any amendatory act, that the duty or duties shall not exceed a specified ad valorem rate upon the articles provided for in such paragraph, no rate determined under the provisions of this section upon such articles shall exceed the maximum ad valorem rate so specified.

(h) Definitions

For the purpose of this section—

(1) The term "domestic article" means an article wholly or in part the growth or product of the United States; and the term "foreign article" means an article wholly or in part the growth or product of a foreign country.

(2) The term "United States" includes the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia.

(3) The term "foreign country" means any empire, country, dominion, colony, or protectorate, or any subdivision or subdivisions thereof (other than the United States and its possessions).

(4) The term "cost of production", when applied with respect to either a domestic article or a foreign article, includes, for a period which is representative of conditions in production of the article: (A) The price or cost of materials, labor costs, and other direct charges incurred in the production of the article and in the processes or methods employed in its production; (B) the usual general expenses, including charges for depreciation or depletion which are representative of the equipment and property employed in the production of the article and charges for rent or interest which are representative of the cost of obtaining capital or instruments of production; and (C) the cost of containers and coverings of whatever nature, and other costs, charges, and expenses incident to placing the article in condition packed ready for delivery.

(i) Rules and regulations of President

The President is authorized to make all needful rules and regulations for carrying out his functions under the provisions of this section.

(j) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–39, title II, §202(a)(2)(D), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 202

(k) Investigations prior to June 17, 1930

All uncompleted investigations instituted prior to June 17, 1930, under the provisions of sections 154 to 159 1 of this title, including investigations in which the President has not proclaimed changes in classification or increases or decreases in rates of duty, shall be dismissed without prejudice; but the information and evidence secured by the commission in any such investigation may be given due consideration in any investigation instituted under the provisions of this section.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title III, §336, 46 Stat. 701; Aug. 2, 1956, ch. 887, §2(d), 70 Stat. 946; Pub. L. 85–686, §9(c)(1), Aug. 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 679; Pub. L. 96–39, title II, §202(a)(2), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 202.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 154 to 159 of this title, referred to in subsec. (k), were repealed by section 651(a)(1) of act June 17, 1930.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title III, §315, 42 Stat. 941. That section was superseded by section 336 of act June 17, 1930, comprising this section, and repealed by section 651(a)(1) of the 1930 act.

Amendments

1979—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–39, §202(a)(2)(A), struck out subsec. (b) which related to the setting of ad valorem rates based upon the American selling price of domestic articles as would be necessary to equalize differences in the costs of production.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–39, §202(a)(2)(B), substituted "changes in classification specified in any report" for "changes in classification and in basis of value specified in any report".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–39, §202(a)(2)(C), substituted "changes in classification specified in the report" for "changes in classification or in basis of value specified in the report".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–39, §202(a)(2)(C), substituted "change in classification which has taken effect" for "change in classification or in basis of value which has taken effect".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 96–39, §202(a)(2)(D), struck out subsec. (j) which authorized the Secretary of the Treasury to make necessary rules and regulations for the entry and declaration of foreign articles with respect to which a change in the basis of value had been made.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–39, §202(a)(2)(C), substituted "changes in classification or increases or decreases" for "changes in classification or in basis of value or increases or decreases".

1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–686 struck out provisions which authorized the commission to adopt such reasonable procedure and rules and regulations as it deemed necessary to execute its functions under this section. See section 1335 of this title.

1956—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 2, 1956, struck out "(as defined in section 1402(g))" after "selling price".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective July 1, 1980, see section 204(a) of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as a note under section 1401a of this title.

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Amendment by act Aug. 2, 1956, effective only as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after thirtieth day following publication of the final list provided for in section 6(a) of said act, set out in note under section 1402 of this title, see section 8 of act Aug. 2, 1956, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1401a of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
19 U.S.C. § 2349 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter II: RELIEF FROM INJURY CAUSED BY IMPORT COMPETITION / Section 2349: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

Whoever makes a false statement of a material fact knowing it to be false, or knowingly fails to disclose a material fact, or whoever willfully overvalues any security, for the purpose of influencing in any way a determination under this part, or for the purpose of obtaining money, property, or anything of value under this part, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title II, §259, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2034; temporarily renumbered §257 and amended Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §§1864(a)(2), 1865, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 397, 399; Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(b), (c), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(b), (c), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374.)

Termination of Assistance

For termination of assistance under this part after June 30, 2022, see Termination Date note below.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section reflects the July 1, 2021, reversion to provisions in effect on Jan. 1, 2014. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival note below.

Section 233 of Pub. L. 112–40, which provided for the Jan. 1, 2014, revival of this section as in effect on Feb. 13, 2011, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374, and the provisions of this section, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013, were temporarily revived, effective June 29, 2015, until July 1, 2021, by Pub. L. 114–27, §§402(b), (c), 406. See 2011 and 2015 Amendment notes, Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes, and Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival notes below.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, which provided for Feb. 13, 2011, termination of amendment by Pub. L. 111–5, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, and the provisions of this section, as amended by Pub. L. 111–5 and as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, were temporarily revived, effective Oct. 21, 2011, until Jan. 1, 2014, by Pub. L. 112–40, §§201(b), (c), 233. See 2009 and 2011 Amendment notes, Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment notes, and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes below.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–27, §§402(b), (c), 406, temporarily revived the provisions of this section, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013. See Codification note above and 2011 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival notes below.

2011—Pub. L. 112–40, §§201(b), (c), 233, temporarily revived the provisions of this section, as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011. See Codification note above and 2009 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes below.

2009—Pub. L. 111–5, §§1865, 1893, temporarily amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Whoever makes a false statement of a material fact knowing it to be false, or knowingly fails to disclose a material fact, or whoever willfully overvalues any security, for the purpose of influencing in any way a determination under this part, or for the purpose of obtaining money, property, or anything of value under this part, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both." See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival

For revival and applicability, beginning on June 29, 2015, of the provisions of this section as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013, see section 402(b), (c) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

For reversion, beginning on July 1, 2021, to the provisions of this section as in effect on Jan. 1, 2014, with certain exceptions and subject to section 406(b) of Pub. L. 114–27, see section 406 of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival

For revival and applicability, beginning on Oct. 21, 2011, of the provisions of this section as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, see section 201(b), (c) of Pub. L. 112–40, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Section 233 of Pub. L. 112–40, formerly set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title, which provided for the reversion, beginning on Jan. 1, 2014, of the provisions of this section to those in effect on Feb. 13, 2011, subject to certain exceptions, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374, effective June 29, 2015. See Codification note above.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 effective upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on Feb. 17, 2009, see section 1864(e) of Pub. L. 111–5, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates note under section 2344 of this title.

Except as otherwise provided and subject to certain applicability provisions, amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 effective upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on Feb. 17, 2009, see section 1891 of Pub. L. 111–5, set out as a note under section 2271 of this title.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, formerly set out as a Termination Date of 2009 Amendment note preceding section 2271 of this title, which provided that, except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 not applicable on or after Feb. 13, 2011, and that this section be applied and administered beginning Feb. 13, 2011, as if amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 had never been enacted, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, effective Oct. 21, 2011. See Codification note above.

Termination Date

Except as otherwise provided, technical assistance and grants may not be provided under this part after June 30, 2022, see section 285 of Pub. L. 93–618, as modified by section 406(a)(7) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as notes preceding section 2271 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 4631 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 29: UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION / Subchapter VI: LABOR MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT / Section 4631: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Labor attaché

The term "labor attaché" means an individual hired under part B.

(2) Labor obligations

The term "labor obligations" means the obligations under chapter 23 of the USMCA (relating to labor).

(3) Mexico's labor reform

The term "Mexico's labor reform" means the legislation on labor reform enacted by Mexico on May 1, 2019.

(Pub. L. 116–113, title VII, §701, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 80.)
19 U.S.C. § 2072 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 10: CUSTOMS SERVICE / Section 2072: Officers and employees
Officers and employees
Status: in_force

(a) Appointment by Secretary of the Treasury

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to appoint, in the service established by section 2071 of this title, one assistant commissioner, three deputy commissioners, one chief clerk, and such attorneys and other officers and employees as he may deem necessary. One of the deputy commissioners of the United States Customs Service shall have charge of investigations. Appointments under this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of the civil service laws, and the salaries shall be fixed in accordance with chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5.

(b) Absence or disability of Commissioner

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to designate an officer of the United States Customs Service to act as Commissioner of Customs,1 during the absence or disability of the Commissioner of Customs,1 or in the event that there is no Commissioner of Customs.1

(c) Duties of personnel

The personnel of the United States Customs Service shall perform such duties as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe.

(d) International Trade Committee

(1) Establishment

The Commissioner shall establish an International Trade Committee, to be chaired by the Commissioner, and to include the Deputy Commissioner, the Assistant Commissioner in the Office of Field Operations, the Assistant Commissioner in the Office of Finance, the Assistant Commissioner in the Office of International Affairs, the Assistant Commissioner in the Office of International Trade, the Director of the Office of Trade Relations, and any other official determined by the Commissioner to be important to the work of the Committee.

(2) Responsibilities

The International Trade Committee shall—

(A) be responsible for advising the Commissioner with respect to the commercial customs and trade facilitation functions of the United States Customs and Border Protection;

(B) assist the Commissioner in coordinating with the Secretary regarding commercial customs and trade facilitation functions; and

(C) oversee the operation of all programs and systems that are involved in the assessment and collection of duties, bonds, and other charges or penalties associated with the entry of cargo into the United States, or the export of cargo from the United States, including the administration of duty drawback and the collection of antidumping and countervailing duties.

(3) Annual report

Not later than 30 days after the end of each fiscal year, the International Trade Committee shall submit a report to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. The report shall—

(A) detail the activities of the International Trade Committee during the preceding fiscal year; and

(B) identify the priorities of the International Trade Committee for the fiscal year in which the report is filed.

(e) Definition

In this section:

(1) Commissioner

The term "Commissioner" means the Commissioner responsible for the United States Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security.

(2) Commercial Operations Advisory Committee

The term "Commercial Operations Advisory Committee" means the Advisory Committee established pursuant to section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (19 U.S.C. 2071 note) 2 or any successor committee.

(Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 348, §2, 44 Stat. 1381; May 27, 1930, ch. 342, §8, 46 Stat. 430; June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §650, 46 Stat. 762; Ex. Ord. No. 6639, §1a, Mar. 10, 1934; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, §1106(a), 63 Stat. 972; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, §9, 68 Stat. 1228; Pub. L. 109–347, title IV, §402, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1924; Pub. L. 114–125, title VIII, §802(d)(2), (h)(3), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 210, 215.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is section 9503(c) of Pub. L. 100–203, which was set out as a note under section 2071 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–125, title I, §109(g)(1), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 137. For establishment of successor committee, see section 4316(a) of this title.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 281a of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5 by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

"Chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5" were substituted for "the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

2016—Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 114–125, §802(h)(3), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (d) which established the Office of International Trade. Notwithstanding directory language amending this section "as added" by section 402 of Pub. L. 109–347, amendment was executed to this section as amended by section 402 of Pub. L. 109–347, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2006 Amendment note below.

2006—Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 109–347 added subsecs. (d) to (f).

1954—Subsec. (c). Act Sept. 3, 1954, struck out references to the National Prohibition Act.

1949—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 28, 1949, substituted "Classification Act of 1949" for "Classification Act of 1923".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Bureau of Prohibition and Commissioner of Prohibition redesignated Bureau of Industrial Alcohol and Commissioner of Industrial Alcohol, respectively, by act May 27, 1930.

Reference to Commissioner of Customs deemed to be reference to Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection pursuant to section 802(d)(2) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Repeals

Act Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, §1106(a), cited as a credit to this section, was repealed (subject to a savings clause) by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, §8, 80 Stat. 632, 655.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Deputy Commissioner of Customs

Act June 17, 1930, authorized the appointment of an additional deputy commissioner in the Bureau of Customs in addition to the two deputy commissioners then authorized by law.

Executive Documents

Change of Name

"United States Customs Service" substituted for "Bureau of Customs" in subsecs. (a) to (c) pursuant to Treasury Department Order 165–23, Apr. 4, 1973, eff. Aug. 1, 1973, 38 F.R. 13037. See, also, section 308 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Bureau of Industrial Alcohol and office of Commissioner of Industrial Alcohol abolished and Commissioner's functions transferred to Commissioner of Internal Revenue by Ex. Ord. No. 6639.

1 See Change of Name note below.

2 See References in Text note below.
19 U.S.C. § 1559 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1559: Warehouse goods deemed abandoned after 5 years
Warehouse goods deemed abandoned after 5 years
Status: in_force

Merchandise upon which any duties or charges are unpaid, remaining in bonded warehouse beyond 5 years from the date of importation, or such longer period of time as the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection may at its discretion permit upon proper request being filed and good cause shown, shall be regarded as abandoned to the Government and shall be sold under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, and the proceeds of sale paid into the Treasury, as in the case of unclaimed merchandise covered by section 1493 of this title, subject to the payment to the owner or consignee of such amount, if any, as shall remain after deduction of duties, charges, and expenses. Merchandise upon which all duties and charges have been paid, remaining in bonded warehouse beyond 5 years from the date of importation, or such longer period of time as the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection may at its discretion permit upon proper request being filed and good cause shown, shall be held to be no longer in the custody or control of the officers of the customs.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §559, 46 Stat. 744; June 25, 1938, ch. 679, §23(a), 52 Stat. 1088; Pub. L. 95–410, title I, §108(b)(1), Oct. 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 892; Pub. L. 109–280, title XIV, §1635(d), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1170.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, §559, 42 Stat. 977. That section was superseded by section 559 of act June 17, 1930, comprising this section, and repealed by section 651(a)(1) of the 1930 act.

Prior provisions that goods, remaining in public store or bonded warehouse beyond three years, should be regarded as abandoned and sold, and the proceeds paid into the Treasury, and that the Secretary might pay the proceeds to the owner, etc., after deducting duties, charges and expenses, were contained in R.S. §§2971 and 2972, prior to repeal by act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, §642, 42 Stat. 989.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–280 inserted ", or such longer period of time as the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection may at its discretion permit upon proper request being filed and good cause shown" after "date of importation" in two places.

1978—Pub. L. 95–410 substituted "5 years" for "three years" wherever appearing.

1938—Act June 25, 1938, struck out "(or ten months in the case of grain)" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–280 applicable with respect to goods entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after Aug. 17, 2006, see section 1641 of Pub. L. 109–280, set out as a note under section 58c of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Period of time prior to Oct. 3, 1978, disregarded in application of amendment to merchandise in bonded warehouse, see section 108(b)(1) of Pub. L. 95–410, set out as a note under section 1557 of this title.

Effective Date of 1938 Amendment

Amendment by act June 25, 1938, applicable in the case of grain imported prior to the thirtieth day following June 25, 1938, except as otherwise provided, see section 23(b) of act June 25, 1938, set out as a note under section 1557 of this title.

Appropriations

Act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, §2, 48 Stat. 1225, which was classified to section 725a of former Title 31, Money and Finance, repealed the permanent appropriation under the title "Refunding proceeds of unclaimed merchandise (Customs) (2x326)" effective July 1, 1935, and provided that such portions of any Acts as make permanent appropriations to be expended under such account are amended so as to authorize, in lieu thereof, annual appropriations from the general fund of the Treasury in identical terms and in such amounts as now provided by the laws providing such permanent appropriations.

Executive Documents

Extension of Three-Year Period

For extension of three year period prescribed in this section (prior to amendment by Pub. L. 95–410), see Proc. No. 2948, Oct. 12, 1951, 16 F.R. 10589, 65 Stat. c41, set out as a note under section 1318 of this title.

Proc. No. 2599, Nov. 6, 1943, 8 F.R. 15359, 57 Stat. 758, as amended by Proc. No. 2712, Dec. 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 14133, 61 Stat. 1047, was superseded by Proc. No. 2948, Oct. 12, 1951, 16 F.R. 10589, 65 Stat. c41.
19 U.S.C. § 1600 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1600: Application of the customs laws to other seizures by customs officers
Application of the customs laws to other seizures by customs officers
Status: in_force

The procedures set forth in sections 1602 through 1619 of this title shall apply to seizures of any property effected by customs officers under any law enforced or administered by the Customs Service unless such law specifies different procedures.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §600, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §323, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2057.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 600 of act June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, 46 Stat. 753, related to gratuities, prior to repeal by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.
19 U.S.C. § 2347 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter II: RELIEF FROM INJURY CAUSED BY IMPORT COMPETITION / Section 2347: Administration of financial assistance
Administration of financial assistance
Status: in_force

(a) Powers of Secretary

In making and administering guarantees and loans under section 2344 of this title, the Secretary may—

(1) require security for any such guarantee or loan, and enforce, waive, or subordinate such security;

(2) assign or sell at public or private sale, or otherwise dispose of, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as he shall determine to be reasonable, any evidence of debt, contract, claim, personal property, or security assigned to or held by him in connection with such guarantees or loans, and collect, compromise, and obtain deficiency judgments with respect to all obligations assigned to or held by him in connection with such guarantees or loans until such time as such obligations may be referred to the Attorney General for suit or collection;

(3) renovate, improve, modernize, complete, insure, rent, sell, or otherwise deal with, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as he shall determine to be reasonable, any real or personal property conveyed to or otherwise acquired by him in connection with such guarantees or loans;

(4) acquire, hold, transfer, release, or convey any real or personal property or any interest therein whenever deemed necessary or appropriate, and execute all legal documents for such purposes; and

(5) exercise all such other powers and take all such other acts as may be necessary or incidental to the carrying out of functions pursuant to section 2344 of this title.

(b) Recordation of mortgages

Any mortgage acquired as security under subsection (a) shall be recorded under applicable State law.

(c) Availability of receipts for financing functions

All repayments of loans, payments of interest, and other receipts arising out of transactions entered into by the Secretary pursuant to this part, shall be available for financing functions performed under this part, including administrative expenses in connection with such functions.

(d) Privileged or confidential information

To the extent the Secretary deems it appropriate, and consistent with the provisions of section 552(b)(4) and section 552b(c)(4) of title 5, that portion of any record, material or data received by the Secretary in connection with any application for financial assistance under this part which contains trade secrets or commercial or financial information regarding the operation or competitive position of any business shall be deemed to be privileged or confidential within the meaning of those provisions.

(e) Capital assets secured by first lien; exceptions

Direct loans made, or loans guaranteed, under this part for the acquisition or development of real property or other capital assets shall ordinarily be secured by a first lien on the assets to be financed and shall be fully amortized. To the extent that the Secretary finds that exceptions to these standards are necessary to achieve the objectives of this part, he shall develop appropriate criteria for the protection of the interests of the United States.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title II, §257, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2033; Pub. L. 97–35, title XXV, §2525, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 892.)

Termination of Assistance

For termination of assistance under this part after June 30, 2022, see Termination Date note below.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section reflects the July 1, 2021, reversion to provisions in effect on Jan. 1, 2014. See Effective and Termination Dates note below.

Amendments

1981—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 97–35 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Aug. 13, 1981, except as otherwise provided with respect to applications for adjustment assistance, see section 2529 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 2343 of this title.

Termination Date

Except as otherwise provided, technical assistance and grants may not be provided under this part after June 30, 2022, see section 285 of Pub. L. 93–618, as modified by section 406(a)(7) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as notes preceding section 2271 of this title.

Deposit of Receipts From Transactions Under This Part Into Economic Development Revolving Fund

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(a) [title I, §106], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329, 1329–7, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including section 257(c) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended [19 U.S.C. 2347(c)], and section 203 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, as amended [42 U.S.C. 3143], principal and interest repayments from loans, proceeds from the sale of loan assets or collateral, and other receipts arising out of transactions entered into pursuant to title II, chapter 3 of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2341 et seq.] shall be deposited into the economic development revolving fund established under section 203 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 beginning October 1, 1987: Provided, That payments of obligations in connection with loans guaranteed under the authority of the Trade Act of 1974 [19 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.] or the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 [42 U.S.C. 3121 et seq.], and any related expenses, shall be made from funds available in the economic development revolving fund: Provided further, That deposits to the economic development revolving fund of amounts appropriated for, or received in connection with, activities authorized under the Trade Act of 1974, made prior to October 1, 1987, shall be deemed valid deposits."
19 U.S.C. § 1308 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1308: Prohibition on importation of dog and cat fur products
Prohibition on importation of dog and cat fur products
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Cat fur

The term "cat fur" means the pelt or skin of any animal of the species Felis catus.

(2) Interstate commerce

The term "interstate commerce" means the transportation for sale, trade, or use between any State, territory, or possession of the United States, or the District of Columbia, and any place outside thereof.

(3) Customs laws

The term "customs laws of the United States" means any other law or regulation enforced or administered by the United States Customs Service.

(4) Designated authority

The term "designated authority" means the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to the prohibitions under subsection (b)(1)(A), and the President (or the President's designee), with respect to the prohibitions under subsection (b)(1)(B).

(5) Dog fur

The term "dog fur" means the pelt or skin of any animal of the species Canis familiaris.

(6) Dog or cat fur product

The term "dog or cat fur product" means any item of merchandise which consists, or is composed in whole or in part, of any dog fur, cat fur, or both.

(7) Person

The term "person" includes any individual, partnership, corporation, association, organization, business trust, government entity, or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(8) United States

The term "United States" means the customs territory of the United States, as defined in general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.

(b) Prohibitions

(1) In general

It shall be unlawful for any person to—

(A) import into, or export from, the United States any dog or cat fur product; or

(B) introduce into interstate commerce, manufacture for introduction into interstate commerce, sell, trade, or advertise in interstate commerce, offer to sell, or transport or distribute in interstate commerce in the United States, any dog or cat fur product.

(2) Exception

This subsection shall not apply to the importation, exportation, or transportation, for noncommercial purposes, of a personal pet that is deceased, including a pet preserved through taxidermy.

(c) Penalties and enforcement

(1) Civil penalties

(A) In general

Any person who violates any provision of this section or any regulation issued under this section may, in addition to any other civil or criminal penalty that may be imposed under title 18 or any other provision of law, be assessed a civil penalty by the designated authority of not more than—

(i) $10,000 for each separate knowing and intentional violation;

(ii) $5,000 for each separate grossly negligent violation; or

(iii) $3,000 for each separate negligent violation.

(B) Debarment

The designated authority may prohibit a person from importing, exporting, transporting, distributing, manufacturing, or selling any fur product in the United States, if the designated authority finds that the person has engaged in a pattern or practice of actions that has resulted in a final administrative determination with respect to the assessment of civil penalties for knowing and intentional or grossly negligent violations of any provision of this section or any regulation issued under this section.

(C) Factors in assessing penalties

In determining the amount of civil penalties under this paragraph, the designated authority shall take into account the degree of culpability, any history of prior violations under this section, ability to pay, the seriousness of the violation, and such other matters as fairness may require.

(D) Notice

No penalty may be assessed under this paragraph against a person unless the person is given notice and opportunity for a hearing with respect to such violation in accordance with section 554 of title 5.

(2) Forfeiture

Any dog or cat fur product manufactured, taken, possessed, sold, purchased, offered for sale or purchase, transported, delivered, received, carried, shipped, imported, or exported contrary to the provisions of this section or any regulation issued under this section shall be subject to forfeiture to the United States.

(3) Enforcement

The Secretary of the Treasury shall enforce the provisions of this section with respect to the prohibitions under subsection (b)(1)(A), and the President shall enforce the provisions of this section with respect to the prohibitions under subsection (b)(1)(B).

(4) Regulations

Not later than 270 days after November 9, 2000, the designated authorities shall, after notice and opportunity for comment, issue regulations to carry out the provisions of this section. The regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide for a process by which testing laboratories, whether domestic or foreign, can qualify for certification by the United States Customs Service by demonstrating the reliability of the procedures used for determining the type of fur contained in articles intended for sale or consumption in interstate commerce. Use of a laboratory certified by the United States Customs Service to determine the nature of fur contained in an item to which subsection (b) applies is not required to avoid liability under this section but may, in a case in which a person can establish that the goods imported were tested by such a laboratory and that the item was not found to be a dog or cat fur product, prove dispositive in determining whether that person exercised reasonable care for purposes of paragraph (6).

(5) Reward

The designated authority shall pay a reward of not less than $500 to any person who furnishes information that establishes or leads to a civil penalty assessment, debarment, or forfeiture of property for any violation of this section or any regulation issued under this section.

(6) Affirmative defense

Any person accused of a violation under this section has a defense to any proceeding brought under this section on account of such violation if that person establishes by a preponderance of the evidence that the person exercised reasonable care—

(A) in determining the nature of the products alleged to have resulted in such violation; and

(B) in ensuring that the products were accompanied by documentation, packaging, and labeling that were accurate as to the nature of the products.

(7) Coordination with other laws

Nothing in this section shall be construed as superseding or limiting in any manner the functions and responsibilities of the Secretary of the Treasury under the customs laws of the United States.

(d) Publication of names of certain violators

The designated authorities shall, at least once each year, publish in the Federal Register a list of the names of any producer, manufacturer, supplier, seller, importer, or exporter, whether or not located within the customs territory of the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, against whom a final administrative determination with respect to the assessment of a civil penalty for a knowing and intentional or a grossly negligent violation has been made under this section.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title III, §308, as added Pub. L. 106–476, title I, §1443(a), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2164; amended Pub. L. 113–188, title X, §1001(a), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2022.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, referred to in subsec. (a)(8), is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1308, acts June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title III, §308, 46 Stat. 690; June 25, 1938, ch. 679, §4, 52 Stat. 1079; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 397, §10(a)(1), (b) to (f), 67 Stat. 512; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1045, §1, 68 Stat. 914; Aug. 28, 1957, Pub. L. 85–211, §3, 71 Stat. 487; Apr. 16, 1958, Pub. L. 85–379, 72 Stat. 88; May 16, 1958, Pub. L. 85–414, §1, 72 Stat. 118, prescribed articles for temporary free importation under bond for exportation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 87–456, title III, §301(a), title V, §501(a), May 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 75, 78, effective with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after Aug. 31, 1963.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–188 struck out subsec. (e) which related to submissions of a plan for enforcement and annual reports on enforcement efforts.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 106–476, title I, §1443(c), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2167, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 69 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 9, 2000]."

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Findings and Purposes

Pub. L. 106–476, title I, §1442, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2163, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) An estimated 2,000,000 dogs and cats are slaughtered and sold annually as part of the international fur trade. Internationally, dog and cat fur is used in a wide variety of products, including fur coats and jackets, fur trimmed garments, hats, gloves, decorative accessories, stuffed animals, and other toys.

"(2) The United States represents one of the largest markets for the sale of fur and fur products in the world. Market demand for fur products in the United States has led to the introduction of dog and cat fur products into United States commerce, frequently based on deceptive or fraudulent labeling of the products to disguise the true nature of the fur and mislead United States wholesalers, retailers, and consumers.

"(3) Dog and cat fur, when dyed, is not easily distinguishable to persons who are not experts from other furs such as fox, rabbit, coyote, wolf, and mink, and synthetic materials made to resemble real fur. Dog and cat fur is generally less expensive than other types of fur and may be used as a substitute for more expensive types of furs, which provides an incentive to engage in unfair or fraudulent trade practices in the importation, exportation, distribution, or sale of fur products, including deceptive labeling and other practices designed to disguise the true contents or origin of the product.

"(4) Forensic texts have documented that dog and cat fur products are being imported into the United States subject to deceptive labels or other practices designed to conceal the use of dog or cat fur in the production of wearing apparel, toys, and other products.

"(5) Publicly available evidence reflects ongoing significant use of dogs and cats bred expressly for their fur by foreign fur producers for manufacture into wearing apparel, toys, and other products that have been introduced into United States commerce. The evidence indicates that foreign fur producers also rely on the use of stray dogs and cats and stolen pets for the manufacture of fur products destined for the world and United States markets.

"(6) The methods of housing, transporting, and slaughtering dogs and cats for fur production are generally unregulated and inhumane.

"(7) The trade of dog and cat fur products is ethically and aesthetically abhorrent to United States citizens. Consumers in the United States have a right to know if products offered for sale contain dog or cat fur and to ensure that they are not unwitting participants in this gruesome trade.

"(8) Persons who engage in the sale of dog or cat fur products, including the fraudulent trade practices identified above, gain an unfair competitive advantage over persons who engage in legitimate trade in apparel, toys, and other products, and derive an unfair benefit from consumers who buy their products.

"(9) The imposition of a ban on the sale, manufacture, offer for sale, transportation, and distribution of dog and cat fur products, regardless of their source, is consistent with the international obligations of the United States because it applies equally to domestic and foreign producers and avoids any discrimination among foreign sources of competing products. Such a ban is also consistent with provisions of international agreements to which the United States is a party that expressly allow for measures designed to protect the health and welfare of animals and to enjoin the use of deceptive trade practices in international or domestic commerce.

"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this chapter [chapter 3 (§§1441–1443) of subtitle B of title I of Pub. L. 106–476, see Short Title of 2000 Amendment note set out under section 1654 of this title] are to—

"(1) prohibit imports, exports, sale, manufacture, offer for sale, transportation, and distribution in the United States of dog and cat fur products, in order to ensure that United States market demand does not provide an incentive to slaughter dogs or cats for their fur;

"(2) require accurate labeling of fur species so that consumers in the United States can make informed choices and ensure that they are not unwitting contributors to this gruesome trade; and

"(3) ensure that the customs laws of the United States are not undermined by illicit international traffic in dog and cat fur products."
19 U.S.C. § 2297 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter II: RELIEF FROM INJURY CAUSED BY IMPORT COMPETITION / Section 2297: Job search allowances
Job search allowances
Status: in_force

(a) Job search allowance authorized

(1) In general

An adversely affected worker covered by a certification issued under subpart A of this part may file an application with the Secretary for payment of a job search allowance.

(2) Approval of applications

The Secretary may grant an allowance pursuant to an application filed under paragraph (1) when all of the following apply:

(A) Assist adversely affected worker

The allowance is paid to assist an adversely affected worker who has been totally separated in securing a job within the United States.

(B) Local employment not available

The Secretary determines that the worker cannot reasonably be expected to secure suitable employment in the commuting area in which the worker resides.

(C) Application

The worker has filed an application for the allowance with the Secretary before—

(i) the later of—

(I) the 365th day after the date of the certification under which the worker is certified as eligible; or

(II) the 365th day after the date of the worker's last total separation; or

(ii) the date that is the 182d day after the date on which the worker concluded training, unless the worker received a waiver under section 2291(c) of this title.

(b) Amount of allowance

(1) In general

An allowance granted under subsection (a) shall provide reimbursement to the worker of 90 percent of the cost of necessary job search expenses as prescribed by the Secretary in regulations.

(2) Maximum allowance

Reimbursement under this subsection may not exceed $1,250 for any worker.

(3) Allowance for subsistence and transportation

Reimbursement under this subsection may not be made for subsistence and transportation expenses at levels exceeding those allowable under section 2296(b)(1) and (2) of this title.

(c) Exception

Notwithstanding subsection (b), the Secretary shall reimburse any adversely affected worker for necessary expenses incurred by the worker in participating in a job search program approved by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title II, §237, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2023; Pub. L. 97–35, title XXV, §2507, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VI, §2672(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1172; Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, §13005(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 303; Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, title I, §121, Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 942; Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1833(a), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 386; Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §§201(b), (c), 214(d), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, 406; Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(b), (c), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374.)

Termination of Assistance

For termination of assistance under this part after June 30, 2022, see Termination Date note below.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section reflects the July 1, 2021, reversion to provisions in effect on Jan. 1, 2014. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival note below.

Section 233 of Pub. L. 112–40, which provided for the Jan. 1, 2014, revival of this section as in effect on Feb. 13, 2011, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374, and the provisions of this section, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013, were temporarily revived, effective June 29, 2015, until July 1, 2021, by Pub. L. 114–27, §§402(b), (c), 406. See 2011 and 2015 Amendment notes, Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes, and Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival notes below.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, which provided for Feb. 13, 2011, termination of amendment by Pub. L. 111–5, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, and the provisions of this section, as amended by Pub. L. 111–5 and as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, were temporarily revived, effective Oct. 21, 2011, until Jan. 1, 2014, by Pub. L. 112–40, §§201(b), (c), 233. See 2009 and 2011 Amendment notes, Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment notes, and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes below.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–27, §§402(b), (c), 406, temporarily revived the provisions of this section, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013. See Codification note above and 2011 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival notes below.

2011—Pub. L. 112–40, §§201(b), (c), 233, temporarily revived the provisions of this section, as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011. See Codification note above and 2009 Amendment and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival notes below.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(d)(1), 233, temporarily substituted "Each State may use funds made available to the State to carry out sections 2295 through 2298 of this title to allow an adversely affected worker" for "An adversely affected worker" and "to file" for "may file". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(d)(2)(A), 233, temporarily substituted "Any" for "An" and "not more than 90 percent of the necessary job search expenses of the worker" for "all necessary job search expenses". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(d)(2)(B), 233, temporarily substituted "$1,250" for "$1,500". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–40, §§214(d)(3), 233, temporarily substituted "a State may" for "the Secretary shall". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival note below.

2009—Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 111–5, §§1833(a)(1), 1893, temporarily struck out ", unless the worker received a waiver under section 2291(c) of this title" before period. See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–5, §§1833(a)(2)(A), 1893, temporarily substituted "all" for "90 percent of the cost of". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–5, §§1833(a)(2)(B), 1893, temporarily substituted "$1,500" for "$1,250". See Codification note above and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

2002—Pub. L. 107–210 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to applications for job search allowances, amounts of allowances, conditions for granting allowances, and reimbursement of worker expenses.

1986—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–272 added subsec. (c).

1984—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–369 substituted "$800" for "$600".

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–35, §2507(1), amended provisions generally, increasing percent of reimbursement of cost of job search from 80 to 90 and maximum amount from $500 to $600, and striking out requirement of total separation.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–35, §2507(2)(A), inserted "who has been totally separated" after "to assist an adversely affected worker".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 97–35, §2507(2)(B), amended par. (3) generally, substituting the 182-day period for a reasonable period of time and inserting provision relating to 365 days after certification.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 2015 Revival

For revival and applicability, beginning on June 29, 2015, of the provisions of this section as in effect on Dec. 31, 2013, see section 402(b), (c) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

For reversion, beginning on July 1, 2021, to the provisions of this section as in effect on Jan. 1, 2014, with certain exceptions and subject to section 406(b) of Pub. L. 114–27, see section 406 of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2011 Revival

For revival and applicability, beginning on Oct. 21, 2011, of the provisions of this section as in effect on Feb. 12, 2011, see section 201(b), (c) of Pub. L. 112–40, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Section 233 of Pub. L. 112–40, formerly set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title, which provided for the reversion, beginning on Jan. 1, 2014, of the provisions of this section to those in effect on Feb. 13, 2011, subject to certain exceptions, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–27, title IV, §402(a), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 374, effective June 29, 2015. See Codification note above.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment

Except as otherwise provided and subject to certain applicability provisions, amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 effective upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on Feb. 17, 2009, see section 1891 of Pub. L. 111–5, set out as a note under section 2271 of this title.

Section 1893 of Pub. L. 111–5, formerly set out as a Termination Date of 2009 Amendment note preceding section 2271 of this title, which provided that, except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 not applicable on or after Feb. 13, 2011, and that this section be applied and administered beginning Feb. 13, 2011, as if amendment by Pub. L. 111–5 had never been enacted, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–40, title II, §201(a), Oct. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 403, effective Oct. 21, 2011. See Codification note above.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–210 applicable to petitions for certification filed under this part or part 3 of this subchapter on or after the date that is 90 days after Aug. 6, 2002, except as otherwise provided, see section 151 of Pub. L. 107–210, set out as a note preceding section 2271 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment and Transition Provisions

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective for determinations made or filed after Sept. 30, 1981, with transition provisions applicable, see section 2514 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 2291 of this title.

Termination Date

No trade adjustment assistance, vouchers, allowances, or other payments or benefits may be provided under this part after June 30, 2022, except as otherwise provided, see section 285 of Pub. L. 93–618, as modified by section 406(a)(7) of Pub. L. 114–27, set out as notes preceding section 2271 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 1916 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 7: TRADE EXPANSION PROGRAM / Subchapter III: TARIFF ADJUSTMENT AND OTHER ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1916: Administration of financial assistance; recording of mortgages
Administration of financial assistance; recording of mortgages
Status: in_force

(a) Guarantees, agreements for deferred participation, and loans

In making and administering guarantees, agreements for deferred participation, and loans under section 1914 1 of this title, the Secretary of Commerce may—

(1) require security for any such guarantee, agreement, or loan, and enforce, waive, or subordinate such security;

(2) assign or sell at public or private sale, or otherwise dispose of, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as he shall determine to be reasonable, any evidence of debt, contract, claim, personal property, or security assigned to or held by him in connection with such guarantees, agreements, or loans, and collect, compromise, and obtain deficiency judgments with respect to all obligations assigned to or held by him in connection with such guarantees, agreements, or loans until such time as such obligations may be referred to the Attorney General for suit or collection;

(3) renovate, improve, modernize, complete, insure, rent, sell, or otherwise deal with, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as he shall determine to be reasonable, any real or personal property conveyed to or otherwise acquired by him in connection with such guarantees, agreements, or loans;

(4) acquire, hold, transfer, release, or convey any real or personal property or any interest therein whenever deemed necessary or appropriate, and execute all legal documents for such purposes; and

(5) exercise all such other powers and take all such other acts as may be necessary or incidental to the carrying out of functions pursuant to section 1914 of this title.

(b) Mortgages

Any mortgage acquired as security under subsection (a) shall be recorded under applicable State law.

(Pub. L. 87–794, title III, §316, Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 888.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1914 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 93–618, title VI, §602(e), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2072.

1 See References in Text note below.
19 U.S.C. § 4373 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 28: TRADE FACILITATION AND TRADE ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter IV: PREVENTION OF EVASION OF ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDERS / Section 4373: Additional information
Additional information
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary is authorized to provide to the Secretary of Commerce or the United States International Trade Commission any information that is necessary to enable the Secretary of Commerce or the United States International Trade Commission to assist the Secretary to identify, through risk assessment targeting or otherwise, covered merchandise that is entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion.

(Pub. L. 114–125, title IV, §413(b), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 160.)
19 U.S.C. § 2439 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 12: TRADE ACT OF 1974 / Subchapter IV: TRADE RELATIONS WITH COUNTRIES NOT RECEIVING NONDISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT / Section 2439: Freedom to emigrate to join a very close relative in United States
Freedom to emigrate to join a very close relative in United States
Status: in_force

(a) Sanctions for emigration restrictions

To assure the continued dedication of the United States to the fundamental human rights and welfare of its own citizens, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, on or after January 3, 1975, no nonmarket economy country shall participate in any program of the Government of the United States which extends credits or credit guarantees or investment guarantees, directly or indirectly, and the President of the United States shall not conclude any commercial agreement with any such country, during the period beginning with the date on which the President determines that such country—

(1) denies its citizens the right or opportunity to join permanently through emigration, a very close relative in the United State,1 such as a spouse, parent, child, brother, or sister;

(2) imposes more than a nominal tax on the visas or other documents required for emigration described in paragraph (1); or

(3) imposes more than a nominal tax, levy, fine, fee, or other charge on any citizen as a consequence of the desire of such citizen to emigrate as described in paragraph (1),

and ending on the date on which the President determines that such country is no longer in violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (3).

(b) Report to Congress concerning emigration policies

After January 3, 1975, (A) a nonmarket economy country may participate in any program of the Government of the United States which extends credits or credit guarantees or investment guarantees, and (B) the President may conclude a commercial agreement with such country, only after the President has submitted to the Congress a report indicating that such country is not in violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a). Such report with respect to such country shall include information as to the nature and implementation of its laws and policies and restrictions or discrimination applied to or against persons wishing to emigrate to the United States to join close relatives. The report required by this subsection shall be submitted initially as provided herein and, with current information, on or before each June 30 and December 31 thereafter, so long as such credits or guarantees are extended or such agreement is in effect.

(c) Exemption from application of section

This section shall not apply to any country the products of which are eligible for the rates set forth in rate column numbered 1 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States on January 3, 1975.

(d) Additional exemption from application of section

During any period that a waiver is in effect with respect to any nonmarket economy country under section 2432(c) of this title, the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply with respect to such country.

(Pub. L. 93–618, title IV, §409, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2064.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Tariff Schedules of the United States, referred to in subsec. (c), to be treated as a reference to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule, pursuant to section 3012 of this title. The Harmonized Tariff Schedule is not set out in the Code. See Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule note set out under section 1202 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of congressional reporting functions of President under subsec. (b) of this section, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13313, July 31, 2003, 68 F.R. 46073, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

1 So in original.
19 U.S.C. § 1646a (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1646a: Supervision by customs officers
Supervision by customs officers
Status: in_force

Wherever in this chapter any action or thing is required to be done or maintained under the supervision of customs officers, such supervision may be directed and continuous or by occasional verification as may be required by regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury, or, in the absence of such regulations for a particular case, as the principal customs officer concerned shall direct.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §646, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 397, §22, 67 Stat. 520.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after thirtieth day following Aug. 8, 1953, see Effective Date of 1953 Amendments note set out under section 1304 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 1863 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 7: TRADE EXPANSION PROGRAM / Subchapter II: TRADE AGREEMENTS / Section 1863: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-418, title I, §1501(b)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1259
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-418, title I, §1501(b)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1259
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §127(c), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1993, directed that reports to Congress be submitted annually and within 60 days after any action was taken under section 1862 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of section applicable with respect to investigations initiated under section 1862(b) of this title on or after Aug. 23, 1988, see section 1501(d)(1) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1862 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 1413 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1413: Implementation and evaluation of Program
Implementation and evaluation of Program
Status: in_force

(a) Overall Program plan

(1) In general

Before the 180th day after December 8, 1993, the Secretary shall develop and transmit to the Committees an overall plan for the Program. The overall Program plan shall set forth—

(A) a general description of the ultimate configuration of the Program;

(B) a description of each of the existing components of the Program listed in section 1411(a)(1) of this title; and

(C) estimates regarding the stages on which planned components of the Program listed in section 1411(a)(2) of this title will be brought on-line.

(2) Additional information

In addition to the information required under paragraph (1), the overall Program plan shall include a statement regarding—

(A) the extent to which the existing components of the Program currently meet, and the planned components will meet, the Program goals set forth in section 1412 of this title; and

(B) the effects that the existing components are currently having, and the effects that the planned components will likely have, on—

(i) importers, brokers, and other users of the Program, and

(ii) Customs Service occupations, operations, processes, and systems.

(b) Implementation plan, testing, and evaluation

(1) Implementation plan

For each of the planned components of the Program listed in section 1411(a)(2) of this title, the Secretary shall—

(A) develop an implementation plan;

(B) test the component in order to assess its viability;

(C) evaluate the component in order to assess its contribution toward achieving the program goals; and

(D) transmit to the Committees the implementation plan, the testing results, and an evaluation report.

In developing an implementation plan under subparagraph (A) and evaluating components under subparagraph (C), the Secretary shall publish a request for comments in the Customs Bulletin and shall consult with the trade community, including importers, brokers, shippers, and other affected parties.

(2) Implementation

(A) The Secretary may implement on a permanent basis any Program component referred to in paragraph (1) on or after the date which is 30 days after paragraph (1)(D) is complied with.

(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the 30 days shall be computed by excluding—

(i) the days either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain or an adjournment of the Congress sine die, and

(ii) any Saturday and Sunday, not excluded under clause (i), when either House is not in session.

(3) Evaluation and report

The Secretary shall—

(A) develop a user satisfaction survey of parties participating in the Program;

(B) evaluate the results of the user satisfaction survey on a biennial basis (fiscal years) and transmit a report to the Committees on the evaluation by no later than the 90th day after the close of each 2d fiscal year;

(C) with respect to the existing Program component listed in section 1411(a)(1)(G) of this title transmit to the Committees—

(i) a written evaluation of such component before the 180th day after December 8, 1993, and before the implementation of the planned Program components listed in section 1411(a)(2)(B) and (C) of this title, and

(ii) a report on such component for each of the 3 full fiscal years occurring after December 8, 1993, which report shall be transmitted not later than the 90th day after the close of each such year; and

(D) not later than the 90th day after the close of fiscal year 1994, and annually thereafter through fiscal year 2000, transmit to the Committees a written evaluation with respect to the implementation and effect on users of each of the planned Program components listed in section 1411(a)(2) of this title.

In carrying out the provisions of this paragraph, the Secretary shall publish requests for comments in the Customs Bulletin and shall consult with the trade community, including importers, brokers, shippers, and other affected parties.

(c) Committees

For purposes of this section, the term "Committees" means the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §413, as added Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, §631(2), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2189; amended Pub. L. 104–295, §21(e)(15), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3531.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–295 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to December 8, 1993.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.
19 U.S.C. § 1467 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1467: Special inspection, examination, and search
Special inspection, examination, and search
Status: in_force

Whenever a vessel from a foreign port or place or from a port or place in any Territory or possession of the United States arrives at a port or place in the United States or the Virgin Islands, whether directly or via another port or place in the United States or the Virgin Islands, the appropriate customs officer for such port or place of arrival may, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe and for the purpose of assuring compliance with any law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce, cause inspection, examination, and search to be made of the persons, baggage, and merchandise discharged or unladen from such vessel, whether or not any or all such persons, baggage, or merchandise has previously been inspected, examined, or searched by officers of the customs.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §467, as added June 25, 1938, ch. 679, §11, 52 Stat. 1083; amended Pub. L. 91–271, title III, §301(g), June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 288.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–271 substituted reference to appropriate customs officer for reference to collector of customs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 91–271, see section 203 of Pub. L. 91–271, set out as a note under section 1500 of this title.

Effective Date

This section effective on the thirtieth day following June 25, 1938, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 37 of act June 25, 1938, set out as an Effective Date of 1938 Amendment note under section 1401 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of officers of Department of the Treasury and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, 1281, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
19 U.S.C. § 1484a (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1484a: Articles returned from space not to be construed as importation
Articles returned from space not to be construed as importation
Status: in_force

The return of articles from space shall not be considered an importation, and an entry of such articles shall not be required, if:

(1) such articles were previously launched into space from the customs territory of the United States aboard a spacecraft operated by, or under the control of, United States persons and owned—

(A) wholly by United States persons, or

(B) in substantial part by United States persons, or

(C) by the United States;

(2) such articles were maintained or utilized while in space solely on board such spacecraft or aboard another spacecraft which meets the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) through (C) of this section; and

(3) such articles were returned to the customs territory directly from space aboard such spacecraft or aboard another spacecraft which meets the requirements of paragraph (1)(A) through (C) of this section;

without regard to whether such articles have been advanced in value or improved in condition by any process of manufacture or other means while in space.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §484a, as added Pub. L. 98–573, title II, §209(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2976.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to articles launched into space from the customs territory of the United States on or after Jan. 1, 1985, see section 214(c)(4) of Pub. L. 98–573, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 1304 of this title.
19 U.S.C. § 41 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 1: COLLECTION DISTRICTS, PORTS, AND OFFICERS / Section 41: Repealed. Feb. 28, 1933, ch. 131, §1, 47 Stat. 1349
Repealed. Feb. 28, 1933, ch. 131, §1, 47 Stat. 1349
Status: repealed

Section, R.S. §2628, prescribed duties of surveyors where only surveyors were appointed.
19 U.S.C. § 1625 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 4: TARIFF ACT OF 1930 / Section 1625: Interpretive rulings and decisions; public information
Interpretive rulings and decisions; public information
Status: in_force

(a) Publication

Within 90 days after the date of issuance of any interpretive ruling (including any ruling letter, or internal advice memorandum) or protest review decision under this chapter with respect to any customs transaction, the Secretary shall have such ruling or decision published in the Customs Bulletin or shall otherwise make such ruling or decision available for public inspection.

(b) Appeals

A person may appeal an adverse interpretive ruling and any interpretation of any regulation prescribed to implement such ruling to a higher level of authority within the Customs Service for de novo review. Upon a reasonable showing of business necessity, any such appeal shall be considered and decided no later than 60 days following the date on which the appeal is filed. The Secretary shall issue regulations to implement this subsection.

(c) Modification and revocation

A proposed interpretive ruling or decision which would—

(1) modify (other than to correct a clerical error) or revoke a prior interpretive ruling or decision which has been in effect for at least 60 days; or

(2) have the effect of modifying the treatment previously accorded by the Customs Service to substantially identical transactions;

shall be published in the Customs Bulletin. The Secretary shall give interested parties an opportunity to submit, during not less than the 30-day period after the date of such publication, comments on the correctness of the proposed ruling or decision. After consideration of any comments received, the Secretary shall publish a final ruling or decision in the Customs Bulletin within 30 days after the closing of the comment period. The final ruling or decision shall become effective 60 days after the date of its publication.

(d) Publication of customs decisions that limit court decisions

A decision that proposes to limit the application of a court decision shall be published in the Customs Bulletin together with notice of opportunity for public comment thereon prior to a final decision.

(e) Public information

The Secretary may make available in writing or through electronic media, in an efficient, comprehensive and timely manner, all information, including directives, memoranda, electronic messages and telexes which contain instructions, requirements, methods or advice necessary for importers and exporters to comply with the Customs 1 laws and regulations. All information which may be made available pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to any exemption from disclosure provided by section 552 of title 5.

(June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §625, as added Pub. L. 95–410, title I, §112, Oct. 3, 1978, 92 Stat. 898; amended Pub. L. 103–182, title VI, §623, Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2186; Pub. L. 104–295, §21(e)(14), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3531.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–295 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to "this chapter".

1993—Pub. L. 103–182 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Within 120 days after issuing any precedential decision (including any ruling letter, internal advice memorandum, or protest review decision) under this chapter with respect to any customs transaction, the Secretary shall have such decision published in the Customs Bulletin or shall otherwise make such decision available for public inspection."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Study and Report Relating to Timeliness of Prospective Rulings

Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, title III, §335, Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 978, required the Comptroller General, not later than 1 year after Aug. 6, 2002, to conduct a study and report to committees of Congress on the extent to which the Office of Regulations and Rulings of the Customs Service had made improvements to decrease the time between requests for, and issuance of, prospective rulings relating to the proper classification, valuation, or marking of goods proposed to be imported into the United States.

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.
19 U.S.C. § 377 (2024) — Title 19: CUSTOMS DUTIES / Chapter 3: THE TARIFF AND RELATED PROVISIONS / Section 377: Repealed. June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §651(a)(1), 46 Stat. 762, eff. June 18, 1930
Repealed. June 17, 1930, ch. 497, title IV, §651(a)(1), 46 Stat. 762, eff. June 18, 1930
Status: repealed

Section, act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, §500(d), 42 Stat. 966, related to duties of examiners. For corresponding provisions of Tariff Act of 1930, see section 1500(e) of this title.