26 U.S.C. § 3211 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 22 / Section 3211: Rate of tax
Rate of tax
Status: in_force

(a) Tier 1 tax

In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of each employee representative a tax equal to the applicable percentage of the compensation received during any calendar year by such employee representative for services rendered by such employee representative. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term "applicable percentage" means the percentage equal to the sum of the rates of tax in effect under subsections (a) and (b) of section 3101 and subsections (a) and (b) of section 3111 for the calendar year.

(b) Tier 2 tax

In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of each employee representative a tax equal to the percentage determined under section 3241 for any calendar year of the compensation received during such calendar year by such employee representative for services rendered by such employee representative.

(c) Cross reference

For application of different contribution bases with respect to the taxes imposed by subsections (a) and (b), see section 3231(e)(2).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 432; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1164, pt. II, §206(a), 68 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 86–28, pt. II, §201(c), May 19, 1959, 73 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 88–133, title II, §201, Oct. 5, 1963, 77 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 89–97, title I, §§105(b)(2), 111(c)(2), July 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 335, 342; Pub. L. 89–212, §§4, 5(b), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 89–699, title III, §301 (b), (d), Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1078; Pub. L. 89–700, title III, §301(v), (vi), Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1088, 1089; Pub. L. 91–215, §4, Mar. 17, 1970, 84 Stat. 70; Pub. L. 93–69, title I, §102(c), July 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 162; Pub. L. 94–93, title II, §202, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 466; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1903(a)(8), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1807; Pub. L. 97–34, title VII, §741(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 347; Pub. L. 98–76, title II, §§211(c), 223, Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 419, 421; Pub. L. 101–508, title V, §5125(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–285; Pub. L. 107–90, title II, §§203(a), 204(b), Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(a)(100)(B), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4052.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–295 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) consisted of pars. (1) and (2) establishing the tier 2 tax and its applicable percentage.

2001—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–90, §204(b), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a), which related to imposition of tier 1 and 2 taxes.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–90, §204(b), added subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 107–90, §203(a), struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: "In addition to other taxes, there is hereby imposed on the income of each employee representative a tax at a rate equal to the rate of excise tax imposed on every employer, provided for in section 3221(c), for each man-hour for which compensation is paid to him for services rendered as an employee representative."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–90, §204(b), added subsec. (c).

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508 substituted "applicable" for "following" before "percentage of the" and provision defining the term "applicable percentage" for provision specifying that in the case of compensation received during 1985 the rate of tax was 14.10 percent, for 1986 or 1987 the rate was 14.30 percent, for 1988 or 1989 the rate was 15.02 percent, and for 1990 or thereafter the rate was 15.30 percent.

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–76, §223, substituted provisions imposing a two tiered tax on each employee representative equal to the percentage of the compensation received during any calendar year by such employee representative for services rendered as is set out in accompanying tables, for provisions that had imposed on each employee representative a tax equal to 12.75 percent plus the sum of the rates of tax imposed with respect to wages by sections 3101(a), 3101(b), 3111(a), and 3111(b) of so much of the compensation paid in any calendar month to such employee representative for services rendered by him as was not in excess of an amount equal to one-twelfth of the current maximum annual taxable "wage" as defined in section 3121 for any month.

Pub. L. 98–76, §211(c), substituted "12.75 percent" for "11.75 percent".

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–34 substituted "11.75" for "9.5".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455 substituted "3111(a), and 3111(b)" for "3111(a), 3111(b)", struck out "of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954" before "of so much of the compensation", "after September 30, 1973," after "rendered by him", "of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954" after "as defined in section 3121", and "after September 30, 1973" after "for any month".

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–93 inserted "in any calendar month" after "compensation paid".

1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–69 substituted new tax rate provisions on income of employee representatives for services rendered after Sept. 30, 1973, for former provisions which prescribed 12½, 13, 14, 14½, and 15 percent on income for services rendered after Sept. 30, 1965, Dec. 31, 1965, Dec. 31, 1966, Dec. 31, 1967, and Dec. 31, 1968, respectively, as is not in excess of (i) $450, or (ii) an amount equal to one-twelfth of the current maximum annual taxable "wages" as defined in section 3121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, whichever is greater, for any month after September 30, 1965: Provided, That the rate of tax imposed by this section shall be increased, with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after September 30, 1965, by a number of percentage points (including fractional points) equal at any given time to twice the number of percentage points (including fractional points) by which the rate of the tax imposed with respect to wages by section 3101(a) plus the rate imposed by section 3101(b) at such time exceeds 2¾ percent (the rate provided by paragraph (2) of section 3101 as amended by the Social Security Amendments of 1956).

1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–215 substituted the rate of excise tax imposed on every employer under section 3221(c) of this title for a flat 2-cents per man hour tax as the rate for additional taxes imposed on the income of employee representatives for each man hour of compensation paid.

1966—Pub. L. 89–700 substituted "rendered after September 30, 1965" for "rendered after December 31, 1964", and "(i) $450, or (ii) an amount equal to one-twelfth of the current maximum annual taxable 'wages' as defined in section 3121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, whichever is greater, for any month after September 30, 1965" for "$400 for any calendar month before the calendar month next following the month in which this provision was amended in 1963, or $450 for any calendar month after the month in which this provision was so amended and before the calendar month next following the calendar month in which this provision was amended in 1965, or (i) $450, or (ii) an amount equal to one-twelfth of the current maximum annual taxable 'wages' as defined in section 3121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, whichever is greater, for any month after the month in which this provision was so amended".

Pub. L. 89–699, §301(b), (d), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), and substituted "14 percent" for "13½ percent" in subd. (3), "14½ percent" for "14 percent" in subd. (4), and "15 percent" for "14½ percent" in subd. (5).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–699, §301(d), added subsec. (b).

1965—Pub. L. 89–212 substituted pars. (1) to (5) for former pars. (1) and (2) which imposed a tax equal to 13½ percent of so much of the compensation paid to such employee representative for services rendered by him after the month in which this provision was amended in 1959, and before Jan. 1, 1962, and 14½ percent of so much of the compensation paid to such employee representative for services rendered by him after Dec. 31, 1961, and inserted "and before the calendar month next following the calendar month in which this provision was amended in 1965, or (i) $450, or (ii) an amount equal to one-twelfth of the current maximum annual taxable 'wages' as defined in section 3121, whichever is greater, for any month after the month in which this provision was so amended".

Pub. L. 89–97 substituted "the rate of the tax imposed with respect to wages by section 3101(a) at such time exceeds 2¾ percent (the rate provided by paragraph (2) of section 3101 as amended by the Social Security Amendments of 1956)" for "the rate of the tax imposed with respect to wages by section 3101 at such time exceeds the rate provided by paragraph (2) of such section 3101 as amended by the Social Security Amendments of 1956" and inserted "plus the rate imposed by section 3101(b)" after "section 3101(a)", respectively.

1963—Pub. L. 88–133 limited the existing taxable compensation base of $400 to any calendar month before Nov. 1963 and increased such base to $450 for any calendar month after Oct. 1963.

1959—Pub. L. 86–28 increased the tax from 12½ percent of the compensation not in excess of $350 for any calendar month to 13½ percent of the compensation not in excess of $400 for any calendar month for services rendered before Jan. 1, 1962, and to 14½ percent for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1961, and required an increase in the rate of tax with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after December 31, 1964, by a number of percentage points equal at any given time to twice the number of percentage points by which the rate of tax imposed by section 3101 of this title at such time exceeds the rate provided by par. (2) of such section 3101 as amended by the Social Security Amendments of 1956.

1954—Act Aug. 31, 1954, substituted "$350" for "$300".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–90, title II, §203(c), Dec. 21, 2001, 115 Stat. 891, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 3221 of this title] shall apply to calendar years beginning after December 31, 2001."

Amendment by section 204(b) of Pub. L. 107–90 applicable to calendar years beginning after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 204(f) of Pub. L. 107–90, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by section 211(c) of Pub. L. 98–76 applicable to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1983, and before Jan. 1, 1985, see section 212 of Pub. L. 98–76, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Amendment by section 223 of Pub. L. 98–76 applicable to remuneration paid after Dec. 31, 1984, see section 227(a) of Pub. L. 98–76, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to compensation paid for services rendered after Sept. 30, 1981, see section 741(e) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1903(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 3101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1975 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–93 applicable for taxable years ending on or after Aug. 9, 1975, and for taxable years ending before Aug. 9, 1975, as to which the period for assessment and collection of tax or the filing of a claim for credit or refund has not expired on Aug. 9, 1975, see section 207 of Pub. L. 94–93, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–69 effective Oct. 1, 1973, and applicable only with respect to compensation paid for services rendered on or after Oct. 1, 1972; and applicable to railway labor organization covered by private supplemental pension plan as of Oct. 1, 1973, and subject to a moratorium, agreed to on or before Mar. 8, 1973, for changes in pay rates, on the earlier of (1) date of expiration of such moratorium, or (2) date as of which the railway labor organization through collective bargaining agreement makes amendment applicable, see section 109(b) of Pub. L. 93–69, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–699, title III, §301(f), Oct. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 1079, as amended by Pub. L. 91–215, §8, Mar. 17, 1970, 84 Stat. 72, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (d) and (e) of this section [amending this section and section 3221 of this title] shall be effective with respect to man-hours, beginning with the first month following enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 1966], for which compensation is paid."

Effective Date of 1965 Amendments

Amendment by section 4 of Pub. L. 89–212 effective only with respect to calendar months after month in which Pub. L. 89–212 is enacted [September 1965], and amendment by section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89–212 effective only with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after Sept. 30, 1965, see section 6 of Pub. L. 89–212, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Amendment by section 105(b)(2) of Pub. L. 89–97 effective with respect to compensation paid for services rendered after Dec. 31, 1965, see section 105(b)(4) of Pub. L. 89–97, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Amendment by section 111(c)(2) of Pub. L. 89–97 applicable to calendar year 1966 or to any subsequent calendar year but only if by October 1 immediately preceding such calendar year the Railroad Retirement Tax Act provides for a maximum amount of monthly compensation taxable under such Act during all months of such calendar year equal to one-twelfth of maximum wages which Federal Insurance Contributions Act provides may be counted for such calendar year, see section 111(e) of Pub. L. 89–97, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1395i–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–28 effective, except as otherwise provided, first day of calendar month next following May 1959, see section 202 of Pub. L. 86–28, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Effective Date of 1954 Amendment

Amendment by act Aug. 31, 1954, effective as if enacted as a part of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], see section 407 of act Aug. 31, 1954, as amended, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Separability

Pub. L. 91–215, §9, Mar. 17, 1970, 84 Stat. 72, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [amending this section, section 3221 of this title, and sections 228c and 228o of Title 45, Railroads, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3221 of this title and sections 228c and 228o of Title 45, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of this Act, and the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby."

Penalties and Interest Not Assessed for Failure To Make Timely Payment During Period January 1, 1982, to June 30, 1982, of Taxes Attributable to Amendments by Pub. L. 97–123

For provision that no penalties or interest shall be assessed on account of any failure to make timely payment of taxes imposed by this section with respect to payments made for the period Jan. 1, 1982, and ending June 30, 1982, to the extent that such taxes are attributable to section 3 of Pub. L. 97–123 or the amendments made by that section, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 97–123, set out as a note under section 3101 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 860D (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter M / Section 860D: REMIC defined
REMIC defined
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

For purposes of this title, the terms "real estate mortgage investment conduit" and "REMIC" mean any entity—

(1) to which an election to be treated as a REMIC applies for the taxable year and all prior taxable years,

(2) all of the interests in which are regular interests or residual interests,

(3) which has 1 (and only 1) class of residual interests (and all distributions, if any, with respect to such interests are pro rata),

(4) as of the close of the 3rd month beginning after the startup day and at all times thereafter, substantially all of the assets of which consist of qualified mortgages and permitted investments,

(5) which has a taxable year which is a calendar year, and

(6) with respect to which there are reasonable arrangements designed to ensure that—

(A) residual interests in such entity are not held by disqualified organizations (as defined in section 860E(e)(5)), and

(B) information necessary for the application of section 860E(e) will be made available by the entity.

In the case of a qualified liquidation (as defined in section 860F(a)(4)(A)), paragraph (4) shall not apply during the liquidation period (as defined in section 860F(a)(4)(B)).

(b) Election

(1) In general

An entity (otherwise meeting the requirements of subsection (a)) may elect to be treated as a REMIC for its 1st taxable year. Such an election shall be made on its return for such 1st taxable year. Except as provided in paragraph (2), such an election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years.

(2) Termination

(A) In general

If any entity ceases to be a REMIC at any time during the taxable year, such entity shall not be treated as a REMIC for such taxable year or any succeeding taxable year.

(B) Inadvertent terminations

If—

(i) an entity ceases to be a REMIC,

(ii) the Secretary determines that such cessation was inadvertent,

(iii) no later than a reasonable time after the discovery of the event resulting in such cessation, steps are taken so that such entity is once more a REMIC, and

(iv) such entity, and each person holding an interest in such entity at any time during the period specified pursuant to this subsection, agrees to make such adjustments (consistent with the treatment of such entity as a REMIC or a C corporation) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period,

then, notwithstanding such terminating event, such entity shall be treated as continuing to be a REMIC (or such cessation shall be disregarded for purposes of subparagraph (A)) whichever the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, §671(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2311; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1006(t)(2)(A), (16)(A), (19), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3419, 3423, 3426; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11704(a)(8), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–518.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508 inserted closing parenthesis before period at end.

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647, §1006(t)(19), inserted at end "In the case of a qualified liquidation (as defined in section 860F(a)(4)(A)), paragraph (4) shall not apply during the liquidation period (as defined in section 860F(a)(4)(B)."

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 100–647, §1006(t)(2)(A)(i), substituted "3rd month beginning after" for "4th month ending after".

Pub. L. 100–647, §1006(t)(2)(A)(ii), substituted "and at all times thereafter" for "and each quarter ending thereafter".

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 100–647, §1006(t)(16)(A), added par. (6).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1006(t)(2)(B), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3419, provided that: "The amendment made by subparagraph (A)(ii) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1988."

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1006(t)(16)(D)(i), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3425, provided that: "The amendments made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall apply in the case of any REMIC where the start-up day (as defined in section 860G(a)(9) of the 1986 Code, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1988]) is after March 31, 1988; except that such amendments shall not apply in the case of a REMIC formed pursuant to a binding written contract in effect on such date."

Amendment by section 1006(t)(2)(A)(i), (19) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 117 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 117: Qualified scholarships
Qualified scholarships
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

Gross income does not include any amount received as a qualified scholarship by an individual who is a candidate for a degree at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii).

(b) Qualified scholarship

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

The term "qualified scholarship" means any amount received by an individual as a scholarship or fellowship grant to the extent the individual establishes that, in accordance with the conditions of the grant, such amount was used for qualified tuition and related expenses.

(2) Qualified tuition and related expenses

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "qualified tuition and related expenses" means—

(A) tuition and fees required for the enrollment or attendance of a student at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii), and

(B) fees, books, supplies, and equipment required for courses of instruction at such an educational organization.

(c) Limitation

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), subsections (a) and (d) shall not apply to that portion of any amount received which represents payment for teaching, research, or other services by the student required as a condition for receiving the qualified scholarship or qualified tuition reduction.

(2) Exceptions

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any amount received by an individual under—

(A) the National Health Service Corps Scholarship Program under section 338A(g)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act,

(B) the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship and Financial Assistance program under subchapter I of chapter 105 of title 10, United States Code, or

(C) a comprehensive student work-learning-service program (as defined in section 448(e) of the Higher Education Act of 1965) operated by a work college (as defined in such section).

(d) Qualified tuition reduction

(1) In general

Gross income shall not include any qualified tuition reduction.

(2) Qualified tuition reduction

For purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified tuition reduction" means the amount of any reduction in tuition provided to an employee of an organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii) for the education (below the graduate level) at such organization (or another organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)) of—

(A) such employee, or

(B) any person treated as an employee (or whose use is treated as an employee use) under the rules of section 132(h).

(3) Reduction must not discriminate in favor of highly compensated, etc.

Paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any qualified tuition reduction provided with respect to any highly compensated employee only if such reduction is available on substantially the same terms to each member of a group of employees which is defined under a reasonable classification set up by the employer which does not discriminate in favor of highly compensated employees (within the meaning of section 414(q)). For purposes of this paragraph, the term "highly compensated employee" has the meaning given such term by section 414(q).

[(4) Repealed. Pub. L. 101–140, title II, §203(a)(1), (2), Nov. 8, 1989, 103 Stat. 830]

(5) Special rules for teaching and research assistants

In the case of the education of an individual who is a graduate student at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii) and who is engaged in teaching or research activities for such organization, paragraph (2) shall be applied as if it did not contain the phrase "(below the graduate level)".

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 38; Pub. L. 87–256, §110(a), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(b)(8)(A), (c)(3), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1794, 1803; Pub. L. 96–541, §5(a)(1), Dec. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 3205; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, §532(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §123(a), title XI, §§1114(b)(2), 1151(g)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2112, 2450, 2506; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1011B(a)(31)(B), title IV, §4001(b)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3488, 3643; Pub. L. 101–140, title II, §203(a)(1), (2), Nov. 8, 1989, 103 Stat. 830; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1703(n)(14), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1878; Pub. L. 107–16, title IV, §413(a), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 64; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, §301(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3086.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 338A(g)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(A), is classified to section 254l(g)(1)(A) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 448(e) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(C), is classified to section 1087–58(e) of Title 20, Education.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–113 added subpar. (C).

2001—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–16 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), subsections (a)" for "Subsections (a)", and added par. (2).

1996—Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–188 substituted "section 132(h)" for "section 132(f)".

1989—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 101–140, §203(a)(2), amended par. (4) to read as if amendments by Pub. L. 100–647, §1011B(a)(31)(B), had not been enacted, see 1988 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 101–140, §203(a)(1), amended subsec. (d) to read as if amendments by Pub. L. 99–514, §1151(g)(2), which added par. (4), had not been enacted, see 1986 Amendment note below.

1988—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 100–647, §1011B(a)(31)(B), substituted "there shall" for "there may" and "who are" for "who may be".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 100–647, §4001(b)(2), added par. (5).

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, §123(a), in amending section generally, substituted "Qualified scholarships" for "Scholarships and fellowship grants" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514, §123(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "In the case of an individual, gross income does not include—

"(1) any amount received—

"(A) as a scholarship at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii), or

"(B) as a fellowship grant, including the value of contributed services and accommodations; and

"(2) any amount received to cover expenses for—

"(A) travel,

"(B) research,

"(C) clerical help, or

"(D) equipment,

which are incident to such a scholarship or to a fellowship grant, but only to the extent that the amount is so expended by the recipient."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514, §123(a), in amending subsec. (b) generally, substituted qualified scholarship provision for former limitations provision, which related in par. (1) to individuals who were candidates for degrees, and in par. (2) to individuals who were not candidates for degrees, describing in subpar. (A) conditions for exclusion and in subpar. (B) extent of exclusion, such detailed provision now covered in subsec. (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514, §123(a), in amending subsec. (c) generally, substituted limitation provision for former provision relating to Federal grants for tuition and related expenses not includable merely because there was requirement of future service as Federal employee.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–514, §123(a), in amending subsec. (d) generally, substituted "reduction" for "reductions" in heading and inserted "(within the meaning of section 414(q))" after "highly compensated employees" in par. (3).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, §1114(b)(2), struck out "officer, owner, or" after "with respect to any" and "officers, owners, or" after "in favor of" and inserted at end "For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'highly compensated employee' has the meaning given such term by section 414(q)."

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 99–514, §1151(g)(2), added par. (4).

1984—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–369 added subsec. (d).

1980—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–541 added subsec. (c).

1976—Subsecs. (a)(1)(A), (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(b)(8)(A), substituted "educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)" for "educational institution (as defined in section 151(e)(4))" after "scholarship at an".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(c)(3), struck out "a territory" after "or a State".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(b)(8)(A), substituted "educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)" for "educational institution (as defined in section 151(e)(4))" after "degree at an".

1961—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 87–256 included cases where the grantor of the scholarship or fellowship grant is a foreign government, an international organization, or a binational or multinational educational and cultural foundation or commission created or continued pursuant to the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title III, §301(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3086, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to amounts received in taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015]."

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–16, title IV, §413(b), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 64, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to amounts received in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2001."

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–188 effective as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, §§13001–13444, to which such amendment relates, see section 1703(o) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 39 of this title.

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–140 effective as if included in section 1151 of Pub. L. 99–514, see section 203(c) of Pub. L. 101–140, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by section 1011B(a)(31)(B) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–647, title IV, §4001(c), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3643, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 127 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1987."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 123(a) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, but only in the case of scholarships and fellowships granted after Aug. 16, 1986, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 1114(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 1114(c)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 414 of this title.

Amendment by section 1151(g)(2) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable, with certain qualifications and exceptions, to years beginning after Dec. 31, 1988, see section 1151(k) of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, §532(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 887, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to qualified tuition reductions (as defined in section 117(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954]) for education furnished after June 30, 1985, in taxable years ending after such date."

Provisions of subsec. (d) treated as in effect on and after Jan. 1, 1984, in case of education described in section 127(c)(8) of this title, see section 1(g)(5) of Pub. L. 98–611, set out as a note under section 127 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–541, §5(a)(2), Dec. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 3206, provided: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1980."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1961 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–256, §110(h)(1), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 537, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section [amending this section and sections 871 and 872 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1961."

Regulations

Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to issue before Feb. 1, 1988, final regulations to carry out amendments made by section 1114 of Pub. L. 99–514, see section 1141 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Nonenforcement of Amendment Made by Section 1151 of Pub. L. 99–514 for Fiscal Year 1990

No monies appropriated by Pub. L. 101–136 to be used to implement or enforce section 1151 of Pub. L. 99–514 or the amendments made by such section, see section 528 of Pub. L. 101–136, set out as a note under section 89 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Public Law 99–514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United States

For nonapplication of amendment by section 123(a) of Pub. L. 99–514 to the extent application of such amendment would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, with provision that for such purposes any amendment by title I of Pub. L. 100–647 be treated as if it had been included in the provision of Pub. L. 99–514 to which such amendment relates, see section 1012(aa)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Transitional Rules for Treatment of Certain Reductions in Tuition

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1853(f), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2872, provided that:

"(1) A tuition reduction plan shall be treated as meeting the requirements of section 117(d)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] if—

"(A) such plan would have met the requirements of such section (as amended by this section but without regard to the lack of evidence that benefits under such plan were the subject of good faith bargaining) on the day on which eligibility to participate in the plan was closed,

"(B) at all times thereafter, the tuition reductions available under such plan are available on substantially the same terms to all employees eligible to participate in such plan, and

"(C) the eligibility to participate in such plan closed on June 30, 1972, June 30, 1974, or December 31, 1975.

"(2) For purposes of applying section 117(d)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] to all tuition reduction plans of an employer with at least 1 such plan described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, there shall be excluded from consideration employees not included in the plan who are included in a unit of employees covered by an agreement that the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate finds to be a collective bargaining agreement between employee representatives and 1 or more employers, if, with respect to plans other than plans described in paragraph (1), there is evidence that such benefits were the subject of good faith bargaining.

"(3) Any reduction in tuition provided with respect to a full-time course of education furnished at the graduate level before July 1, 1988, shall not be included in gross income if—

"(A) such reduction would not be included in gross income under the Internal Revenue Service regulations in effect on the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1984 [July 18, 1984], and

"(B) such reduction is provided with respect to a student who was accepted for admission to such course of education before July 1, 1984, and began such course of education before June 30, 1985."

National Research Service Awards

Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §161(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2810, as amended by Pub. L. 96–167, §9(b), Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1278; Pub. L. 96–541, §5(b), Dec. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 3206; Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §285, Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that any amount paid to, or on behalf of, an individual as a national research service award under former section 289l–1 of title 42 during calendar years 1974 through 1983 was to be treated as a scholarship or fellowship grant under this section.

Scholarship Programs for Members of the Uniformed Services

Pub. L. 93–483, §4, Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1458, as amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XXI, §2130, Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 95–171, §5, Nov. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §161(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2810; Pub. L. 95–615, title I, §6, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3098; Pub. L. 96–167, §9(a), Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1278; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Any amount received from appropriated funds as a scholarship, including the value of contributed services and accommodations, by a member of a uniformed service who is receiving training under the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program (or any other program determined by the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to have substantially similar objectives) from an educational institution (as defined in section 151(e)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954]) [see section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii) of this title] shall be treated as a scholarship under section 117 of such Code [this section], whether that member is receiving training while on active duty or in an off-duty or inactive status, and without regard to whether a period of active duty is required of the member as a condition of receiving those payments.

"(b) Definition of Uniformed Services.—For purposes of this section, the term 'uniformed service' has the meaning given it by section 101(3) of title 37, United States Code.

"(c) Effective Date.—The provisions of this section shall apply with respect to amounts received during calendar years 1973, 1974, and 1975, and, in the case of a member of a uniformed service receiving training after 1975 and before 1981 in programs described in subsection (a), with respect to amounts received after 1975 and before 1985."

[Section 6 of Pub. L. 95–615, which reenacted §4(c) of Pub. L. 93–483 without change, to cease to have effect on the day after Nov. 8, 1978, see section 210(a) of Pub. L. 95–615, set out as a note under section 61 of this title.]
26 U.S.C. § 4951 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 42 / Section 4951: Taxes on self-dealing
Taxes on self-dealing
Status: in_force

(a) Initial taxes

(1) On self-dealer

There is hereby imposed a tax on each act of self-dealing between a disqualified person and a trust described in section 501(c)(21). The rate of tax shall be equal to 10 percent of the amount involved with respect to the act of self-dealing for each year (or part thereof) in the taxable period. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any disqualified person (other than a trustee acting only as a trustee of the trust) who participates in the act of self-dealing.

(2) On trustee

In any case in which a tax is imposed by paragraph (1), there is hereby imposed on the participation of any trustee of such a trust in an act of self-dealing between a disqualified person and the trust, knowing that it is such an act, a tax equal to 2½ percent of the amount involved with respect to the act of self-dealing for each year (or part thereof) in the taxable period, unless such participation is not willful and is due to reasonable cause. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any such trustee who participated in the act of self-dealing.

(b) Additional taxes

(1) On self-dealer

In any case in which an initial tax is imposed by subsection (a)(1) on an act of self-dealing by a disqualified person with a trust described in section 501(c)(21) and in which the act is not corrected within the taxable period, there is hereby imposed a tax equal to 100 percent of the amount involved. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any disqualified person (other than a trustee acting only as a trustee of such a trust) who participated in the act of self-dealing.

(2) On trustee

In any case in which an additional tax is imposed by paragraph (1), if a trustee of such a trust refused to agree to part or all of the correction, there is hereby imposed a tax equal to 50 percent of the amount involved. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any such trustee who refused to agree to part or all of the correction.

(c) Joint and several liability

If more than one person is liable under any paragraph of subsection (a) or (b) with respect to any one act of self-dealing, all such persons shall be jointly and severally liable under such paragraph with respect to such act.

(d) Self-dealing

(1) In general

For purposes of this section, the term "self-dealing" means any direct or indirect—

(A) sale, exchange, or leasing of real or personal property between a trust described in section 501(c)(21) and a disqualified person;

(B) lending of money or other extension of credit between such a trust and a disqualified person;

(C) furnishing of goods, services, or facilities between such a trust and a disqualified person;

(D) payment of compensation (or payment or reimbursement of expenses) by such a trust to a disqualified person; and

(E) transfer to, or use by or for the benefit of, a disqualified person of the income or assets of such a trust.

(2) Special rules

For purposes of paragraph (1)—

(A) the transfer of personal property by a disqualified person to such a trust shall be treated as a sale or exchange if the property is subject to a mortgage or similar lien;

(B) the furnishing of goods, services, or facilities by a disqualified person to such a trust shall not be an act of self-dealing if the furnishing is without charge and if the goods, services, or facilities so furnished are used exclusively for the purposes specified in section 501(c)(21)(A); and

(C) the payment of compensation (and the payment or reimbursement of expenses) by such a trust to a disqualified person for personal services which are reasonable and necessary to carrying out the exempt purpose of the trust shall not be an act of self-dealing if the compensation (or payment or reimbursement) is not excessive.

(e) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Taxable period

The term "taxable period" means, with respect to any act of self-dealing, the period beginning with the date on which the act of self-dealing occurs and ending on the earliest of—

(A) the date of mailing a notice of deficiency with respect to the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) under section 6212,

(B) the date on which the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) is assessed, or

(C) the date on which correction of the act of self-dealing is completed.

(2) Amount involved

The term "amount involved" means, with respect to any act of self-dealing, the greater of the amount of money and the fair market value of the other property given or the amount of money and the fair market value of the other property received; except that in the case of services described in subsection (d)(2)(C), the amount involved shall be only the excess compensation. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the fair market value—

(A) in the case of the taxes imposed by subsection (a), shall be determined as of the date on which the act of self-dealing occurs; and

(B) in the case of taxes imposed by subsection (b), shall be the highest fair market value during the taxable period.

(3) Correction

The terms "correction" and "correct" mean, with respect to any act of self-dealing, undoing the transaction to the extent possible, but in any case placing the trust in a financial position not worse than that in which it would be if the disqualified person were dealing under the highest fiduciary standards.

(4) Disqualified person

The term "disqualified person" means, with respect to a trust described in section 501(c)(21), a person who is—

(A) a contributor to the trust,

(B) a trustee of the trust,

(C) an owner of more than 10 percent of—

(i) the total combined voting power of a corporation,

(ii) the profits interest of a partnership, or

(iii) the beneficial interest of a trust or unincorporated enterprise,

which is a contributor to the trust,

(D) an officer, director, or employee of a person who is a contributor to the trust,

(E) the spouse, ancestor, lineal descendant, or spouse of a lineal descendant of an individual described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D),

(F) a corporation of which persons described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) own more than 35 percent of the total combined voting power,

(G) a partnership in which persons described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E), own more than 35 percent of the profits interest, or

(H) a trust or estate in which persons described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E), hold more than 35 percent of the beneficial interest.

For purposes of subparagraphs (C)(i) and (F), there shall be taken into account indirect stockholdings which would be taken into account under section 267(c), except that, for purposes of this paragraph, section 267(c)(4) shall be treated as providing that the members of the family of an individual are only those individuals described in subparagraph (E) of this paragraph. For purposes of subparagraphs (C) (ii) and (iii), (G), and (H), the ownership of profits or beneficial interests shall be determined in accordance with the rules for constructive ownership of stock provided in section 267(c) (other than paragraph (3) thereof), except that section 267(c)(4) shall be treated as providing that the members of the family of an individual are only those individuals described in subparagraph (E) of this paragraph.

(f) Payments of benefits

For purposes of this section, a payment, out of assets or income of a trust described in section 501(c)(21), for the purposes described in subclause (I) or (IV) of section 501(c)(21)(A)(i) shall not be considered an act of self-dealing.

(Added Pub. L. 95–227, §4(c)(1), Feb. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 18; amended Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(1)(G), (H), (2)(F), (3)(E), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3469–3471; Pub. L. 102–486, title XIX, §1940(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3035.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–486 substituted "subclause (I) or (IV) of section 501(c)(21)(A)(i)" for "clause (i) of section 501(c)(21)(A)".

1980—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(1)(G), substituted "taxable period" for "correction period".

Subsec. (e)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(2)(F), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(1)(H), substituted "taxable period" for "correction period".

Subsec. (e)(4), (5). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(3)(E), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which defined correction period, with respect to any act of self-dealing, as the period beginning with the date on which the act of self-dealing occurs and ending 90 days after the date of mailing of a notice of deficiency under section 6212 of this title with respect to the tax imposed by subsec. (b)(1) of this section, extended by any period in which a deficiency cannot be assessed under section 6213(a) of this title and any other period which the Secretary determines is reasonable and necessary to bring about correction of the act of self-dealing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–486 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1991, see section 1940(d) of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as a note under section 192 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 96–596 with respect to any first tier tax and to any second tier tax, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 96–596, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4961 of this title.

Effective Date

Subchapter effective with respect to contributions, acts, and expenditures made after Dec. 31, 1977, in and for taxable years beginning after such date, see section 4(f) of Pub. L. 95–227, set out as a note under section 192 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6046 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6046: Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of their stock
Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of their stock
Status: in_force

(a) Requirement of return

(1) In general

A return complying with the requirements of subsection (b) shall be made by—

(A) each United States citizen or resident who becomes an officer or director of a foreign corporation if a United States person (as defined in section 7701(a)(30)) meets the stock ownership requirements of paragraph (2) with respect to such corporation,

(B) each United States person—

(i) who acquires stock which, when added to any stock owned on the date of such acquisition, meets the stock ownership requirements of paragraph (2) with respect to a foreign corporation, or

(ii) who acquires stock which, without regard to stock owned on the date of such acquisition, meets the stock ownership requirements of paragraph (2) with respect to a foreign corporation,

(C) each person (not described in subparagraph (B)) who is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c) with respect to a foreign corporation, and

(D) each person who becomes a United States person while meeting the stock ownership requirements of paragraph (2) with respect to stock of a foreign corporation.

In the case of a foreign corporation with respect to which any person is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c), subparagraph (A) shall be treated as including a reference to each United States person who is an officer or director of such corporation.

(2) Stock ownership requirements

A person meets the stock ownership requirements of this paragraph with respect to any corporation if such person owns 10 percent or more of—

(A) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or

(B) the total value of the stock of such corporation.

(b) Form and contents of returns

The returns required by subsection (a) shall be in such form and shall set forth, in respect of the foreign corporation, such information as the Secretary prescribes by forms or regulations as necessary for carrying out the provisions of the income tax laws, except that in the case of persons described only in subsection (a)(1)(A) the information required shall be limited to the names and addresses of persons described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of subsection (a)(1).

(c) Ownership of stock

For purposes of subsection (a), stock owned directly or indirectly by a person (including, in the case of an individual, stock owned by members of his family) shall be taken into account. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the family of an individual shall be considered as including only his brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), spouse, ancestors, and lineal descendants.

(d) Time for filing

Any return required by subsection (a) shall be filed on or before the 90th day after the day on which, under any provision of subsection (a), the United States citizen, resident, or person becomes liable to file such return (or on or before such later day as the Secretary may by forms or regulations prescribe).

(e) Limitation

No information shall be required to be furnished under this section with respect to any foreign corporation unless such information was required to be furnished under regulations which have been in effect for at least 90 days before the date on which the United States citizen, resident, or person becomes liable to file a return required under subsection (a).

(f) Cross reference

For provisions relating to penalties for violations of this section, sections 6679 and 7203.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 747; Pub. L. 86–780, §7(a), Sept. 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 87–834, §20(b), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(a)(4), (b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1824, 1834; Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §341(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1012(i)(19), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3510; Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, §1146(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 110–172, §11(a)(33), Dec. 29, 2007, 121 Stat. 2487.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–172 substituted "subsection (a)(1)(A)" for "subsection (a)(1)" and "subparagraph (B) or (C) of subsection (a)(1)" for "paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (a)".

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–34 reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A return complying with the requirements of subsection (b) shall be made by—

"(1) each United States citizen or resident who is on January 1, 1963, an officer or director of a foreign corporation, 5 percent or more in value of the stock of which is owned by a United States person (as defined in section 7701(a)(30)), or who becomes such an officer or director at any time after such date,

"(2) each United States person who on January 1, 1963, owns 5 percent or more in value of the stock of a foreign corporation, or who, at any time after such date—

"(A) acquires stock which, when added to any stock owned on January 1, 1963, has a value equal to 5 percent or more of the value of the stock of a foreign corporation, or

"(B) acquires an additional 5 percent or more in value of the stock of a foreign corporation,

"(3) each person (not described in paragraph (2)) who, at any time after January 1, 1987, is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c) with respect to a foreign corporation, and

"(4) each person who at any time after January 1, 1963, becomes a United States person while owning 5 percent or more in value of the stock of a foreign corporation.

In the case of a foreign corporation with respect to which any person is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c), paragraph (1) shall be treated as including a reference to each United States person who is an officer or director of such corporation."

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647, §1012(i)(19)(C), inserted sentence at end relating to foreign corporation with respect to which any person is treated as a United States shareholder under section 953(c).

Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 100–647, §1012(i)(19)(A), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–647, §1012(i)(19)(B), substituted "paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (a)" for "subsection (a)(2)".

1982—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–248 inserted "(or on or before such later day as the Secretary may by forms or regulations prescribe)".

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(a)(4), struck out provisions relating to the requirement for information to be furnished in the case of liability to file a return under subsec. (a) of this section arising on or after Jan. 1, 1963, and before June 1, 1963, under regulations in effect on or before June 1, 1963.

1962—Pub. L. 87–834 substituted "organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of their stock" for "creation or organization, or reorganization, of foreign corporations" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–834 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows:

"(a) General Rule.—On or before the 90th day after the creation or organization, or reorganization, of any foreign corporation—

"(1) Each United States citizen or resident who was an officer or director of the corporation at any time within 60 days after the creation or organization, or reorganization thereof, and

"(2) Each United States shareholder of the corporation by or for whom, at any time within 60 days after the creation or organization or reorganization of the corporation, 5 percent or more in value of the stock of the corporation outstanding was owned directly or indirectly (including, in the case of an individual, stock owned by members of his family),

shall make a return in compliance with the provisions of subsection (b)."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–834 inserted the exception providing that in the case of persons described only in subsec. (a)(1) the information required shall be limited to the names and addresses of persons described in subsec. (a)(2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–834 substituted provisions requiring, for purposes of subsec. (a), stock owned directly or indirectly by a person (including, in the case of an individual, stock owned by members of his family) to be taken into account for provisions which defined "United States shareholder".

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 87–834 added subsecs. (d) and (e) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f) and inserted a reference to section 6679 of this title.

1960—Pub. L. 86–780 substituted "Returns as to creation or organization, or reorganization, of foreign corporations" for "Returns as to formation or reorganization of foreign corporations" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–780 substituted requirement that returns relating to the creation, organization, or reorganization of foreign corporations be made by every citizen or resident of the United States who was an officer or director of the corporation at any time within 60 days after its creation, organization, or reorganization, and by every United States shareholder of the corporation owning at least 5 percent of its outstanding stock at any time within such 60 days for requirement that every attorney, accountant, fiduciary, bank, trust company, financial institution, or other person, who advises as to the formation or reorganization of a foreign corporation, file a return in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–780 reenacted the substance of subsec. (b), struck out "to the full extent of the information within the possession or knowledge or under the control of the person required to make the return" before "such information".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–780 inserted the provisions defining United States shareholder and members of family and struck out provision relating to the making of a return by an attorney-at-law with respect to privileged communications.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, §1146(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 986, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1998."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §341(c), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 635, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6048 of this title] shall apply to returns filed after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 3, 1982]."

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–834, §20(e)(2), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1063, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1963."

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–780, §8, Sept. 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 1016, provided that: "The amendments made by section 7 [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to foreign corporations created or organized, or reorganized, after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 14, 1960]."
26 U.S.C. § 7457 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 76 / Subchapter C / Section 7457: Witness fees
Witness fees
Status: in_force

(a) Amount

Any witness summoned or whose deposition is taken under section 7456 shall receive the same fees and mileage as witnesses in courts of the United States.

(b) Payment

Such fees and mileage and the expenses of taking any such deposition shall be paid as follows:

(1) Witnesses for Secretary

In the case of witnesses for the Secretary, such payments shall be made by the Secretary out of any moneys appropriated for the collection of internal revenue taxes, and may be made in advance.

(2) Other Witnesses

In the case of any other witnesses, such payments shall be made, subject to rules prescribed by the Tax Court, by the party at whose instance the witness appears or the deposition is taken.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 886; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.
26 U.S.C. § 4132 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 32 / Subchapter C / Section 4132: Definitions and special rules
Definitions and special rules
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions relating to taxable vaccines

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) Taxable vaccine

The term "taxable vaccine" means any of the following vaccines which are manufactured or produced in the United States or entered into the United States for consumption, use, or warehousing:

(A) Any vaccine containing diphtheria toxoid.

(B) Any vaccine containing tetanus toxoid.

(C) Any vaccine containing pertussis bacteria, extracted or partial cell bacteria, or specific pertussis antigens.

(D) Any vaccine against measles.

(E) Any vaccine against mumps.

(F) Any vaccine against rubella.

(G) Any vaccine containing polio virus.

(H) Any HIB vaccine.

(I) Any vaccine against hepatitis A.

(J) Any vaccine against hepatitis B.

(K) Any vaccine against chicken pox.

(L) Any vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis.

(M) Any conjugate vaccine against streptococcus pneumoniae.

(N) Any trivalent vaccine against influenza or any other vaccine against seasonal influenza.

(O) Any meningococcal vaccine.

(P) Any vaccine against the human papillomavirus.

(2) Vaccine

The term "vaccine" means any substance designed to be administered to a human being for the prevention of 1 or more diseases.

(3) United States

The term "United States" has the meaning given such term by section 4612(a)(4).

(4) Importer

The term "importer" means the person entering the vaccine for consumption, use, or warehousing.

(b) Credit or refund where vaccine returned to manufacturer, etc., or destroyed

(1) In general

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, whenever any vaccine on which tax was imposed by section 4131 is—

(A) returned (other than for resale) to the person who paid such tax, or

(B) destroyed,

the Secretary shall abate such tax or allow a credit, or pay a refund (without interest), to such person equal to the tax paid under section 4131 with respect to such vaccine.

(2) Claim must be filed within 6 months

Paragraph (1) shall apply to any returned or destroyed vaccine only with respect to claims filed within 6 months after the date the vaccine is returned or destroyed.

(3) Condition of allowance of credit or refund

No credit or refund shall be allowed or made under paragraph (1) with respect to any vaccine unless the person who paid the tax establishes that he—

(A) has repaid or agreed to repay the amount of the tax to the ultimate purchaser of the vaccine, or

(B) has obtained the written consent of such purchaser to the allowance of the credit or the making of the refund.

(4) Tax imposed only once

No tax shall be imposed by section 4131 on the sale of any vaccine if tax was imposed by section 4131 on any prior sale of such vaccine and such tax is not abated, credited, or refunded.

(c) Other special rules

(1) Certain uses treated as sales

Any manufacturer, producer, or importer of a vaccine which uses such vaccine before it is sold shall be liable for the tax imposed by section 4131 in the same manner as if such vaccine were sold by such manufacturer, producer, or importer.

(2) Treatment of vaccines shipped to United States possessions

Section 4221(a)(2) shall not apply to any vaccine shipped to a possession of the United States.

(3) Fractional part of a dose

In the case of a fraction of a dose, the tax imposed by section 4131 shall be the same fraction of the amount of such tax imposed by a whole dose.

(4) Disposition of revenues from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

The provisions of subsections (a)(3) and (b)(3) of section 7652 shall not apply to any tax imposed by section 4131.

(Added Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, §9201(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–329; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title II, §2006(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3612; Pub. L. 105–34, title IX, §904(b), (c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 873, 874; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XV, §1503(a), div. J, title III, §3002(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–741, 2681–905; Pub. L. 106–170, title V, §523(a)(1), (b)(1), Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1927; Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, §§889(a), 890(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1643, 1644; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, §408(a), (b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2962; Pub. L. 113–15, §1(a), June 25, 2013, 127 Stat. 476.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2013—Subsec. (a)(1)(N). Pub. L. 113–15 inserted "or any other vaccine against seasonal influenza" before period at end.

2006—Subsec. (a)(1)(O), (P). Pub. L. 109–432 added subpars. (O) and (P).

2004—Subsec. (a)(1)(I) to (M). Pub. L. 108–357, §889(a), added subpar. (I) and redesignated former subpars. (I) to (L) as (J) to (M), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(1)(N). Pub. L. 108–357, §890(a), added subpar. (N).

1999—Subsec. (a)(1)(K). Pub. L. 106–170, §523(b)(1), repealed Pub. L. 105–277, §1503(a). See 1998 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(1)(L). Pub. L. 106–170, §523(a)(1), added subpar. (L).

1998—Subsec. (a)(1)(K). Pub. L. 105–277, §3002(a), added a subpar. (K) identical to that added by Pub. L. 105–277, §1503(a). See below.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1503(a), which directed amendment of section 4132(1) by adding a new subpar. (K) at the end, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–170, §523(b)(1).

1997—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–34, §904(b), amended heading and text of par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'taxable vaccine' means any vaccine—

"(A) which is listed in the table contained in section 4131(b)(1), and

"(B) which is manufactured or produced in the United States or entered into the United States for consumption, use, or warehousing."

Subsec. (a)(2) to (8). Pub. L. 105–34, §904(c), redesignated pars. (6) to (8) as (2) to (4), respectively, and struck out former pars. (2) to (5) which read as follows:

"(2) DPT vaccine.—The term 'DPT vaccine' means any vaccine containing pertussis bacteria, extracted or partial cell bacteria, or specific pertussis antigens.

"(3) DT vaccine.—The term 'DT vaccine' means any vaccine (other than a DPT vaccine) containing diphtheria toxoid or tetanus toxoid.

"(4) MMR vaccine.—The term 'MMR vaccine' means any vaccine against measles, mumps, or rubella. Not more than 1 tax shall be imposed by section 4131 on any MMR vaccine by reason of being a vaccine against more than 1 of measles, mumps, or rubella.

"(5) Polio vaccine.—The term 'polio vaccine' means any vaccine containing polio virus."

1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–647 added pars. (1) and (2) and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (3) and (4), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–15, §1(b), June 25, 2013, 127 Stat. 476, provided that:

"(1) Sales, etc.—The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to sales and uses on or after the later of—

"(A) the first day of the first month which begins more than 4 weeks after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 25, 2013], or

"(B) the date on which the Secretary of Health and Human Services lists any vaccine against seasonal influenza (other than any vaccine against seasonal influenza listed by the Secretary prior to the date of the enactment of this Act) for purposes of compensation for any vaccine-related injury or death through the Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund.

"(2) Deliveries.—For purposes of paragraph (1) and section 4131 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in the case of sales on or before the effective date described in such paragraph for which delivery is made after such date, the delivery date shall be considered the sale date."

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, §408(c), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2962, provided that:

"(1) Sales, etc.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to sales and uses on or after the first day of the first month which begins more than 4 weeks after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2006].

"(2) Deliveries.—For purposes of paragraph (1) and section 4131 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in the case of sales on or before the effective date described in such paragraph for which delivery is made after such date, the delivery date shall be considered the sale date."

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, §889(b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1643, provided that:

"(1) Sales, etc.—The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to sales and uses on or after the first day of the first month which begins more than 4 weeks after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 2004].

"(2) Deliveries.—For purposes of paragraph (1) and section 4131 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in the case of sales on or before the effective date described in such paragraph for which delivery is made after such date, the delivery date shall be considered the sale date."

Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, §890(b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1644, provided that:

"(1) Sales, etc.—The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to sales and uses on or after the later of—

"(A) the first day of the first month which begins more than 4 weeks after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 2004], or

"(B) the date on which the Secretary of Health and Human Services lists any vaccine against influenza for purposes of compensation for any vaccine-related injury or death through the Vaccine Injury Compensation Trust Fund.

"(2) Deliveries.—For purposes of paragraph (1) and section 4131 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, in the case of sales on or before the effective date described in such paragraph for which delivery is made after such date, the delivery date shall be considered the sale date."

Effective Date of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–170, title V, §523(a)(2), Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1927, provided that:

"(A) Sales.—The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to vaccine sales after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 1999], but shall not take effect if subsection (b) [see note below] does not take effect.

"(B) Deliveries.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), in the case of sales on or before the date described in such subparagraph for which delivery is made after such date, the delivery date shall be considered the sale date."

Pub. L. 106–170, title V, §523(b)(3), Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1928, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 9510 of this title and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section and section 9510 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999 [Pub. L. 105–277] to which they relate."

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title XV, §1503(b), div. I, title III, §3002(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–741, 2681–905, which provided that amendment of this section by Pub. L. 105–277 was applicable to sales after Oct. 21, 1998, and that delivery date would be considered sale date in the case of sales on or before Oct. 21, 1998, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–170, title V, §523(b)(1), Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1927.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 effective on the day after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 904(d) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 4131 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, title II, §2006(c), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3613, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 9510 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the amendments made by section 9201 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–203]."

Limitation on Certain Credits or Refunds

Pub. L. 105–34, title IX, §904(e), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 874, provided that: "For purposes of applying section 4132(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to any claim for credit or refund filed before January 1, 1999, the amount of tax taken into account shall not exceed the tax computed under the rate in effect on the day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997]."
26 U.S.C. § 5064 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5064: Losses resulting from disaster, vandalism, or malicious mischief
Losses resulting from disaster, vandalism, or malicious mischief
Status: in_force

(a) Payments

The Secretary, under such regulations as he may prescribe, shall pay (without interest) an amount equal to the amount of the internal revenue taxes paid or determined and customs duties paid on distilled spirits, wines, and beer previously withdrawn, which were lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by a duly authorized official by reason of—

(1) fire, flood, casualty, or other disaster, or

(2) breakage, destruction, or other damage (but not including theft) resulting from vandalism or malicious mischief,

if such disaster or damage occurred in the United States and if such distilled spirits, wines, or beer were held and intended for sale at the time of such disaster or other damage. The payments provided for in this section shall be made to the person holding such distilled spirits, wines, or beer for sale at the time of such disaster or other damage.

(b) Claims

(1) Period for making claim; proof

No claim shall be allowed under this section unless—

(A) filed within 6 months after the date on which such distilled spirits, wines, or beer were lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by a duly authorized official, and

(B) the claimant furnishes proof satisfactory to the Secretary that the claimant—

(i) was not indemnified by any valid claim of insurance or otherwise in respect of the tax, or tax and duty, on the distilled spirits, wines, or beer covered by the claim; and

(ii) is entitled to payment under this section.

(2) Minimum claim

Except as provided in paragraph (3)(A), no claim of less than $250 shall be allowed under this section with respect to any disaster or other damage (as the case may be).

(3) Special rules for major disasters

If the President has determined under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act that a "major disaster" (as defined in such Act) has occurred in any part of the United States, and if the disaster referred to in subsection (a)(1) occurs in such part of the United States by reason of such major disaster, then—

(A) paragraph (2) shall not apply, and

(B) the filing period set forth in paragraph (1)(A) shall not expire before the day which is 6 months after the date on which the President makes the determination that such major disaster has occurred.

(4) Regulations

Claims under this section shall be filed under such regulations as the Secretary shall prescribe.

(c) Destruction of distilled spirits, wines, or beer

When the Secretary has made payment under this section in respect of the tax, or tax and duty, on the distilled spirits, wines, or beer condemned by a duly authorized official or rendered unmarketable, such distilled spirits, wines, or beer shall be destroyed under such supervision as the Secretary may prescribe, unless such distilled spirits, wines, or beer were previously destroyed under supervision satisfactory to the Secretary.

(d) Products of Puerto Rico

The provisions of this section shall not be applicable in respect of distilled spirits, wines, and beer of Puerto Rican manufacture brought into the United States and so lost or rendered unmarketable or condemned.

(e) Other laws applicable

All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of internal revenue taxes on distilled spirits, wines, and beer shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with this section, be applied in respect of the payments provided for in this section to the same extent as if such payments constituted refunds of such taxes.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1337; amended Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(i), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(i), formerly title VI, §602(i), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 164, renumbered title VII, §702(i), Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 95–423, §1(a), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 935; Pub. L. 96–39, title VIII, §807(a)(10), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §109(l), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4709; Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, §408(a)(7)(D), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1191.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5064, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 615, related to "territorial extent of law", prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859. See section 5065 of this title.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108–311 inserted "Robert T. Stafford" before "Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act" in introductory provisions.

1988—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–707 substituted "and Emergency Assistance Act" for "Act of 1974".

1979—Pub. L. 96–39 struck out "rectified products," after "distilled spirits, wines," wherever appearing.

1978—Pub. L. 95–423 substituted "Losses resulting from disaster, vandalism, or malicious mischief" for "Losses caused by disaster" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–423 substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary, under such regulations as he may prescribe, to pay the prescribed amount on distilled spirits, etc., lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by a duly authorized official by reason of fire, flood, casualty or other disaster, breakage, destruction, or other damage (but not including theft) resulting from vandalism or malicious mischief, for provisions authorizing such payment where the President has determined under the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 that a "major disaster" has occurred, and that distilled spirits, etc., were lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by a duly authorized official by reason of such disaster occurring after June 30, 1959.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–423 redesignated par. (1) as (1)(A), substituted provisions disallowing a claim unless filed within 6 months after such distilled spirits, etc., were lost, rendered unmarketable or condemned, for provisions disallowing a claim unless filed within 6 months after the President determined that such disaster occurred, and added par. (1)(B); in par. (2) substituted provisions limiting claims to no less than $250, except as provided in par. (3)(A), for provisions demanding proof that claimant was not indemnified by any valid claim of insurance and that he is entitled to payment under this section; and added pars. (3) and (4).

1976—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–288 substituted "Disaster Relief Act of 1974" for "Disaster Relief Act of 1970".

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–606 substituted "Disaster Relief Act of 1970" for "Act of September 30, 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1855)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 810 of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–423, §1(c), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 936, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to disasters (or other damage) occurring on or after the first day of the first calendar month which begins more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 6, 1978]."

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–288 effective Apr. 1, 1974, see section 605 of Pub. L. 93–288, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 5121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–606 effective Dec. 31, 1970, see section 304 of Pub. L. 91–606, set out as a note under section 165 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 1959, see section 210(a)(1) of Pub. L. 85–859, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Exception to Effective Date

Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §210(a)(3), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1435, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "Provisions having the effect of section 5064 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as such section is included in chapter 51 of such Code as amended by section 201 of this Act) shall be deemed to be included in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, effective on the day following the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 2, 1958], and shall apply with respect to disasters occurring after such date of enactment, and not later than June 30, 1959."

Beer Lost by Reason of Floods of 1951 or Hurricanes of 1954

Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §207, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1432, provided for payment of an amount equal to the amount of taxes paid under section 3150(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 on fermented malt liquor which was lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by reason of the floods of 1951 or the hurricanes of 1954, under certain conditions and under regulations to be prescribed.

Losses of Alcoholic Liquors Caused by Disaster

Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §208, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1432, provided for payment of an amount equal to the amount of taxes and customs duties paid on distilled spirits, wines, rectified products, and beer previously withdrawn, which were lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by reason of a major disaster occurring after Dec. 31, 1954, and not later than Sept. 2, 1958, under certain conditions and under regulations to be prescribed.
26 U.S.C. § 9501 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 98 / Section 9501: Black Lung Disability Trust Fund
Black Lung Disability Trust Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Creation of Trust Fund

(1) In general

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the "Black Lung Disability Trust Fund", consisting of such amounts as may be appropriated or credited to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund.

(2) Trustees

The trustees of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund shall be the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(b) Transfer of certain taxes; other receipts

(1) Transfer to Black Lung Disability Trust Fund of amounts equivalent to certain taxes

There are hereby appropriated to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund amounts equivalent to the taxes received in the Treasury under section 4121 or subchapter B of chapter 42.

(2) Certain repaid amounts, etc.

The following amounts shall be credited to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund:

(A) Amounts repaid or recovered under subsection (b) of section 424 of the Black Lung Benefits Act (including interest thereon).

(B) Amounts paid as fines or penalties, or interest thereon, under section 423, 431, or 432 of the Black Lung Benefits Act.

(C) Amounts paid into the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund by a trust described in section 501(c)(21).

(c) Repayable advances

(1) Authorization

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund, as repayable advances, such sums as may from time to time be necessary to make the expenditures described in subsection (d).

(2) Repayment with interest

Repayable advances made to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund shall be repaid, and interest on such advances shall be paid, to the general fund of the Treasury when the Secretary of the Treasury determines that moneys are available in the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund for such purposes.

(3) Rate of interest

Interest on advances made pursuant to this subsection shall be at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury (as of the close of the calendar month preceding the month in which the advance is made) to be equal to the current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with remaining periods to maturity comparable to the anticipated period during which the advance will be outstanding.

(d) Expenditures from Trust Fund

Amounts in the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund shall be available, as provided by appropriation Acts, for—

(1) the payment of benefits under section 422 of the Black Lung Benefits Act in any case in which the Secretary of Labor determines that—

(A) the operator liable for the payment of such benefits—

(i) has not commenced payment of such benefits within 30 days after the date of an initial determination of eligibility by the Secretary of Labor, or

(ii) has not made a payment within 30 days after that payment is due,

except that, in the case of a claim filed on or after the date of the enactment of the Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1981, amounts will be available under this subparagraph only for benefits accruing after the date of such initial determination, or

(B) there is no operator who is liable for the payment of such benefits,

(2) the payment of obligations incurred by the Secretary of Labor with respect to all claims of miners of their survivors in which the miner's last coal mine employment was before January 1, 1970,

(3) the repayment into the Treasury of the United States of an amount equal to the sum of the amounts expended by the Secretary of Labor for claims under part C of the Black Lung Benefits Act which were paid before April 1, 1978, except that the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund shall not be obligated to pay or reimburse any such amounts which are attributable to periods of eligibility before January 1, 1974,

(4) the repayment of, and the payment of interest on, repayable advances to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund,

(5) the payment of all expenses of administration on or after March 1, 1978—

(A) incurred by the Department of Labor or the Department of Health and Human Services under part C of the Black Lung Benefits Act (other than under section 427(a) or 433), or

(B) incurred by the Department of the Treasury in administering subchapter B of chapter 32 and in carrying out its responsibilities with respect to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund,

(6) the reimbursement of operators for amounts paid by such operators (other than as penalties or interest) before April 1, 1978, in satisfaction (in whole or in part) of claims of miners whose last employment in coal mines was terminated before January 1, 1970, and

(7) the reimbursement of operators and insurers for amounts paid by such operators and insurers (other than amounts paid as penalties, interest, or attorney fees) at any time in satisfaction (in whole or in part) of any claim denied (within the meaning of section 402(i) of the Black Lung Benefits Act) before March 1, 1978, and which is or has been approved in accordance with the provisions of section 435 1 of the Black Lung Benefits Act.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, any reference to section 402(i), 422, or 435 1 of the Black Lung Benefits Act shall be treated as a reference to such section as in effect immediately after the enactment of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 97–119, title I, §103(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1636; amended Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §281(c)(2), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 566.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Black Lung Benefits Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2)(A), (B) and (d), is title IV of Pub. L. 91–173, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 792. Part C of the Act is classified generally to part C (§931 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 22 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining. Sections 402(i), 422, 423, 424(b), 427(a), 431, 432, and 433 of the Act are classified to sections 902(i), 932, 933, 934(b), 937(a), 941, 942, and 943, respectively, of Title 30. Section 435 of the Act was classified to section 945 of Title 30, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–275, §2(c)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1926. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 901(b) of Title 30 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1981, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 97–119, which was approved Dec. 29, 1981.

The enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (d), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 97–119, which enacted this section and which was approved Dec. 29, 1981.

Amendments

1982—Pub. L. 97–248 struck out "Establishment of" before "Black Lung" in section catchline.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–248 effective Sept. 1, 1982, see section 281(d) of Pub. L. 97–248, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provisions note under section 9502 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 97–119, title I, §103(d)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1639, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and sections 9500, 9601, and 9602 of this title, amending section 501 of this title, and repealing section 934a of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining] shall take effect on January 1, 1982. Section 9501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as added by subsection (a)) shall only apply to advances made after December 31, 1981."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 97–119, title I, §103(d)(2), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1639, provided that: "The Black Lung Disability Trust Fund established by the amendments made by this section [enacting this section and sections 9500, 9601, 9602 of this title, amending section 501 of this title, and repealing section 934a of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining] shall be treated for all purposes of law as the continuation of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund established by section 3 of the Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1977 [former section 934a of Title 30]. Any reference in any law to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund established by such section 3 shall be deemed to include a reference to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund established by the amendments made by this section."

Restructuring of Trust Fund Debt

Pub. L. 110–343, div. B, title I, §113(b), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3825, as amended by Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §210(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4031, provided that:

"(1) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection—

"(A) Market value of the outstanding repayable advances, plus accrued interest.—The term 'market value of the outstanding repayable advances, plus accrued interest' means the present value (determined by the Secretary of the Treasury as of the refinancing date and using the Treasury rate as the discount rate) of the stream of principal and interest payments derived assuming that each repayable advance that is outstanding on the refinancing date is due on the 30th anniversary of the end of the fiscal year in which the advance was made to the Trust Fund, and that all such principal and interest payments are made on September 30 of the applicable fiscal year.

"(B) Refinancing date.—The term 'refinancing date' means the date occurring 2 days after the enactment of this Act [Oct. 3, 2008].

"(C) Repayable advance.—The term 'repayable advance' means an amount that has been appropriated to the Trust Fund in order to make benefit payments and other expenditures that are authorized under section 9501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and are required to be repaid when the Secretary of the Treasury determines that monies are available in the Trust Fund for such purpose.

"(D) Treasury rate.—The term 'Treasury rate' means a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities.

"(E) Treasury 1-year rate.—The term 'Treasury 1-year rate' means a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with remaining periods to maturity of approximately 1 year, to have been in effect as of the close of business 1 business day prior to the date on which the Trust Fund issues obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury under paragraph (2)(B).

"(F) Trust fund.—The term 'Trust Fund' means the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund established under section 9501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

"(2) Refinancing of outstanding principal of repayable advances and unpaid interest on such advances.—

"(A) Transfer to general fund.—On the refinancing date, the Trust Fund shall repay the market value of the outstanding repayable advances, plus accrued interest, by transferring into the general fund of the Treasury the following sums:

"(i) The proceeds from obligations that the Trust Fund shall issue to the Secretary of the Treasury in such amounts as the Secretaries of Labor and the Treasury shall determine and bearing interest at the Treasury rate, and that shall be in such forms and denominations and be subject to such other terms and conditions, including maturity, as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe.

"(ii) All, or that portion, of the appropriation made to the Trust Fund pursuant to paragraph (3) that is needed to cover the difference defined in that paragraph.

"(B) Repayment of obligations.—In the event that the Trust Fund is unable to repay the obligations that it has issued to the Secretary of the Treasury under subparagraph (A)(i) and this subparagraph, or is unable to make benefit payments and other authorized expenditures, the Trust Fund shall issue obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury in such amounts as may be necessary to make such repayments, payments, and expenditures, with a maturity of 1 year, and bearing interest at the Treasury 1-year rate. These obligations shall be in such forms and denominations and be subject to such other terms and conditions as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe.

"(C) Authority to issue obligations.—The Trust Fund is authorized to issue obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury under subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B). The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to purchase such obligations of the Trust Fund. For the purposes of making such purchases, the Secretary of the Treasury may use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31, United States Code, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under such chapter are extended to include any purchase of such Trust Fund obligations under this subparagraph.

"(3) One-time appropriation.—There is hereby appropriated to the Trust Fund an amount sufficient to pay to the general fund of the Treasury the difference between—

"(A) the market value of the outstanding repayable advances, plus accrued interest; and

"(B) the proceeds from the obligations issued by the Trust Fund to the Secretary of the Treasury under paragraph (2)(A)(i).

"(4) Prepayment of trust fund obligations.—The Trust Fund is authorized to repay any obligation issued to the Secretary of the Treasury under subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B) of paragraph (2) prior to its maturity date by paying a prepayment price that would, if the obligation being prepaid (including all unpaid interest accrued thereon through the date of prepayment) were purchased by a third party and held to the maturity date of such obligation, produce a yield to the third-party purchaser for the period from the date of purchase to the maturity date of such obligation substantially equal to the Treasury yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having a comparable maturity to this period."

Funds to Remain Available

Pub. L. 111–8, div. F, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 757, provided in part that: "In fiscal year 2009 and thereafter, such sums as may be necessary from the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund ('Fund'), to remain available until expended, for payment of all benefits authorized by section 9501(d)(1), (2), (4), and (7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986]; and interest on advances, as authorized by section 9501(c)(2) of that Act."

Similar provisions were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 118–47, div. D, title I, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 638.

Pub. L. 117–328, div. H, title I, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4843.

Pub. L. 117–103, div. H, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 431.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. H, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1556.

Pub. L. 116—94, div. A, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2545.

Pub. L. 115–245, div. B, title I, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3056.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. H, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 704.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. H, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 510.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. H, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2591.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. G, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2458.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. H, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 355.

Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title I, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1058.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. D, title I, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3233.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. G, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2162.

Pub. L. 109–149, title I, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2839.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. F, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3118.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. E, title I, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 231.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. G, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 303.

Moratorium on Interest Accruals on Indebtedness of Black Lung Disability Trust Fund

Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, §13203(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 312, provided that: "No interest shall accrue for the period beginning on October 1, 1985, and ending on September 30, 1990, with respect to any repayable advance to the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund."

Provisions Relating to Payment of Benefits to Miners and Eligible Survivors of Miners To Take Effect as Rules and Regulations of Secretary of Labor

Pub. L. 95–239, §20(b), Mar. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 106, provided that: "In the event that the payment of benefits to miners and to eligible survivors of miners cannot be made from the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund established by section 3(a) of the Black Lung Benefits Revenue Act of 1977 [former section 934a(a) of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining], the provisions of the Act relating to the payment of benefits to miners and to eligible survivors of miners, as in effect immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 1, 1978], shall take effect, as rules and regulations of the Secretary of Labor until such provisions are revoked, amended, or revised by law. The Secretary of Labor may promulgate additional rules and regulations to carry out such provisions and shall make benefit payments to miners and to eligible survivors of miners in accordance with such provisions."

1 See References in Text note below.
26 U.S.C. § 85 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 85: Unemployment compensation
Unemployment compensation
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

In the case of an individual, gross income includes unemployment compensation.

(b) Unemployment compensation defined

For purposes of this section, the term "unemployment compensation" means any amount received under a law of the United States or of a State which is in the nature of unemployment compensation.

(c) Special rule for 2020

(1) In general

In the case of any taxable year beginning in 2020, if the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer for such taxable year is less than $150,000, the gross income of such taxpayer shall not include so much of the unemployment compensation received by such taxpayer (or, in the case of a joint return, received by each spouse) as does not exceed $10,200.

(2) Application

For purposes of paragraph (1), the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer shall be determined—

(A) after application of sections 86, 135, 137, 219, 221, 222, and 469, and

(B) without regard to this section.

(Added Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §112(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2777; amended Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §103(c)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 188; Pub. L. 97–248, title VI, §611(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 706; Pub. L. 98–21, title I, §§121(f)(1), 122(c)(2), Apr. 20, 1983, 97 Stat. 84, 87; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §121, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2109; Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1007(a), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 317; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(a)(15), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4039; Pub. L. 117–2, title IX, §9042(a), Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 122.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–2 added subsec. (c).

2014—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–295 struck out subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "In the case of any taxable year beginning in 2009, gross income shall not include so much of the unemployment compensation received by an individual as does not exceed $2,400."

2009—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–5 added subsec. (c).

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "General rule" for "In general" in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If the sum for the taxable year of the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer (determined without regard to this section, section 86 and section 221) and the unemployment compensation exceeds the base amount, gross income for the taxable year includes unemployment compensation in an amount equal to the lesser of—

"(1) one-half of the amount of the excess of such sum over the base amount, or

"(2) the amount of the unemployment compensation."

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 99–514, in amending section generally, redesignated former subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b), "Base amount defined", which read as follows: "For purposes of this section, the term 'base amount' means—

"(1) except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), $12,000,

"(2) $18,000, in the case of a joint return under section 6013, or

"(3) zero, in the case of a taxpayer who—

"(A) is married at the close of the taxable year (within the meaning of section 143) but does not file a joint return for such year, and

"(B) does not live apart from his spouse at all times during the taxable year."

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–21, §122(c)(2), struck out ", section 105(d)," after "section 86".

Pub. L. 98–21, §121(f)(1), inserted "section 86," after "this section,".

1982—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–248, §611(a)(1), substituted "$12,000" for "$20,000".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–248, §611(a)(2), substituted "$18,000" for "$25,000".

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–34 substituted "this section, section 105(d), and section 221" for "this section and without regard to section 105(d)" in parenthetical provision preceding par. (1).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–2 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2019, see section 9042(c) of Pub. L. 117–2, set out as a note under section 74 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–5, div. B, title I, §1007(b), Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 317, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to amounts received after Dec. 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 151(b) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by section 121(f)(1) of Pub. L. 98–21 applicable to benefits received after Dec. 31, 1983, in taxable years ending after such date, except for any portion of a lump-sum payment of social security benefits received after Dec. 31, 1983, if the generally applicable payment date for such portion was before Jan. 1, 1984, see section 121(g) of Pub. L. 98–21, set out as an Effective Date note under section 86 of this title.

Amendment by section 122(c)(2) of Pub. L. 98–21 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, except that if an individual's annuity starting date was deferred under section 105(d)(6) of this title as in effect on the day before Apr. 20, 1983, such deferral shall end on the first day of such individual's first taxable year beginning after Dec. 31, 1983, see section 122(d) of Pub. L. 98–21, set out as a note under section 22 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–248, title VI, §611(b), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 706, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) Compensation paid after 1981.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to payments of unemployment compensation made after December 31, 1981, in taxable years ending after such date.

"(2) No addition to tax for underpayment of estimated tax attributable to application of amendments to compensation paid in 1982.—No addition to tax shall be made under section 6654 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] with respect to any underpayment to the extent such underpayment is attributable to unemployment compensation which is received during 1982 and which (but for the amendments made by subsection (a)) would not be includable in gross income.

"(3) Special rule for fiscal year taxpayers.—In the case of a taxable year (other than a calendar year) which includes January 1, 1982—

"(A) the amendments made by this section shall be applied by taking into account the entire amount of unemployment compensation received during such taxable year, but

"(B) the increase in gross income for such taxable year as a result of such amendments shall not exceed the amount of unemployment compensation paid after December 31, 1981.

"(4) Unemployment compensation defined.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'unemployment compensation' has the meaning given to such term by section 85(c) [now 85(b)] of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 103(d) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §112(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2778, as amended by Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, §1075(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1053, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and section 6050B of this title] shall apply to payments of unemployment compensation made after December 31, 1978, in taxable years ending after such date, except that such amendments shall not apply to payments made for weeks of unemployment ending before December 1, 1978."

Waiver of Statute of Limitations

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, §1075(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1053, provided that: "If credit or refund of any overpayment of tax resulting from the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 112(d) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as an Effective Date note above] is barred on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984] or at any time during the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act by the operation of any law or rule of law (including res judicata), refund or credit of such overpayment (to the extent attributable to the amendment made by subsection (a)) may, nevertheless, be made or allowed if claim therefor is filed before the close of such 1-year period."
26 U.S.C. § 45Y (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 45Y: Clean electricity production credit
Clean electricity production credit
Status: in_force

(a) Amount of credit

(1) In general

For purposes of section 38, the clean electricity production credit for any taxable year is an amount equal to the product of—

(A) the kilowatt hours of electricity—

(i) produced by the taxpayer at a qualified facility, and

(ii)(I) sold by the taxpayer to an unrelated person during the taxable year, or

(II) in the case of a qualified facility which is equipped with a metering device which is owned and operated by an unrelated person, sold, consumed, or stored by the taxpayer during the taxable year, multiplied by

(B) the applicable amount with respect to such qualified facility.

(2) Applicable amount

(A) Base amount

Subject to subsection (g)(7), in the case of any qualified facility which is not described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (B) and does not satisfy the requirements described in clause (iii) of such subparagraph, the applicable amount shall be 0.3 cents.

(B) Alternative amount

Subject to subsection (g)(7), in the case of any qualified facility—

(i) with a maximum net output of less than 1 megawatt (as measured in alternating current),

(ii) the construction of which begins prior to the date that is 60 days after the Secretary publishes guidance with respect to the requirements of paragraphs (9) and (10) of subsection (g), or

(iii) which—

(I) satisfies the requirements under paragraph (9) of subsection (g), and

(II) with respect to the construction of such facility, satisfies the requirements under paragraph (10) of subsection (g),

the applicable amount shall be 1.5 cents.

(b) Qualified facility

(1) In general

(A) Definition

Subject to subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), the term "qualified facility" means a facility owned by the taxpayer—

(i) which is used for the generation of electricity,

(ii) which is placed in service after December 31, 2024, and

(iii) for which the greenhouse gas emissions rate (as determined under paragraph (2)) is not greater than zero.

(B) 10-year production credit

For purposes of this section, a facility shall only be treated as a qualified facility during the 10-year period beginning on the date the facility was originally placed in service.

(C) Expansion of facility; incremental production

The term "qualified facility" shall include either of the following in connection with a facility described in subparagraph (A) (without regard to clause (ii) of such subparagraph) which was placed in service before January 1, 2025, but only to the extent of the increased amount of electricity produced at the facility by reason of the following:

(i) A new unit which is placed in service after December 31, 2024.

(ii) Any additions of capacity which are placed in service after December 31, 2024.

(D) Coordination with other credits

The term "qualified facility" shall not include any facility for which a credit determined under section 45, 45J, 45Q, 45U, 48, 48A, or 48E is allowed under section 38 for the taxable year or any prior taxable year.

(2) Greenhouse gas emissions rate

(A) In general

For purposes of this section, the term "greenhouse gas emissions rate" means the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by a facility in the production of electricity, expressed as grams of CO2e per KWh.

(B) Fuel combustion and gasification

In the case of a facility which produces electricity through combustion or gasification, the greenhouse gas emissions rate for such facility shall be equal to the net rate of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by such facility (taking into account lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, as described in section 211(o)(1)(H) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(1)(H))) in the production of electricity, expressed as grams of CO2e per KWh.

(C) Establishment of emissions rates for facilities

(i) Publishing emissions rates

The Secretary shall annually publish a table that sets forth the greenhouse gas emissions rates for types or categories of facilities, which a taxpayer shall use for purposes of this section.

(ii) Provisional emissions rate

In the case of any facility for which an emissions rate has not been established by the Secretary, a taxpayer which owns such facility may file a petition with the Secretary for determination of the emissions rate with respect to such facility.

(D) Carbon capture and sequestration equipment

For purposes of this subsection, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by a facility in the production of electricity shall not include any qualified carbon dioxide that is captured by the taxpayer and—

(i) pursuant to any regulations established under paragraph (2) of section 45Q(f), disposed of by the taxpayer in secure geological storage, or

(ii) utilized by the taxpayer in a manner described in paragraph (5) of such section.

(c) Inflation adjustment

(1) In general

In the case of a calendar year beginning after 2024, the 0.3 cent amount in paragraph (2)(A) of subsection (a) and the 1.5 cent amount in paragraph (2)(B) of such subsection shall each be adjusted by multiplying such amount by the inflation adjustment factor for the calendar year in which the sale, consumption, or storage of the electricity occurs. If the 0.3 cent amount as increased under this paragraph is not a multiple of 0.05 cent, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05 cent. If the 1.5 cent amount as increased under this paragraph is not a multiple of 0.1 cent, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.1 cent.

(2) Annual computation

The Secretary shall, not later than April 1 of each calendar year, determine and publish in the Federal Register the inflation adjustment factor for such calendar year in accordance with this subsection.

(3) Inflation adjustment factor

The term "inflation adjustment factor" means, with respect to a calendar year, a fraction the numerator of which is the GDP implicit price deflator for the preceding calendar year and the denominator of which is the GDP implicit price deflator for the calendar year 1992. The term "GDP implicit price deflator" means the most recent revision of the implicit price deflator for the gross domestic product as computed and published by the Department of Commerce before March 15 of the calendar year.

(d) Credit phase-out

(1) In general

The amount of the clean electricity production credit under subsection (a) for any qualified facility the construction of which begins during a calendar year described in paragraph (2) shall be equal to the product of—

(A) the amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) without regard to this subsection, multiplied by

(B) the phase-out percentage under paragraph (2).

(2) Phase-out percentage

The phase-out percentage under this paragraph is equal to—

(A) for a facility the construction of which begins during the first calendar year following the applicable year, 100 percent,

(B) for a facility the construction of which begins during the second calendar year following the applicable year, 75 percent,

(C) for a facility the construction of which begins during the third calendar year following the applicable year, 50 percent, and

(D) for a facility the construction of which begins during any calendar year subsequent to the calendar year described in subparagraph (C), 0 percent.

(3) Applicable year

For purposes of this subsection, the term "applicable year" means the later of—

(A) the calendar year in which the Secretary determines that the annual greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the United States are equal to or less than 25 percent of the annual greenhouse gas emissions from the production of electricity in the United States for calendar year 2022, or

(B) 2032.

(e) Definitions

For purposes of this section:

(1) CO2e per KWh

The term "CO2e per KWh" means, with respect to any greenhouse gas, the equivalent carbon dioxide (as determined based on global warming potential) per kilowatt hour of electricity produced.

(2) Greenhouse gas

The term "greenhouse gas" has the same meaning given such term under section 211(o)(1)(G) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(1)(G)), as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section.

(3) Qualified carbon dioxide

The term "qualified carbon dioxide" means carbon dioxide captured from an industrial source which—

(A) would otherwise be released into the atmosphere as industrial emission of greenhouse gas,

(B) is measured at the source of capture and verified at the point of disposal or utilization, and

(C) is captured and disposed or utilized within the United States (within the meaning of section 638(1)) or a possession of the United States (within the meaning of section 638(2)).

(f) Guidance

Not later than January 1, 2025, the Secretary shall issue guidance regarding implementation of this section, including calculation of greenhouse gas emission rates for qualified facilities and determination of clean electricity production credits under this section.

(g) Special rules

(1) Only production in the United States taken into account

Consumption, sales, or storage shall be taken into account under this section only with respect to electricity the production of which is within—

(A) the United States (within the meaning of section 638(1)), or

(B) a possession of the United States (within the meaning of section 638(2)).

(2) Combined heat and power system property

(A) In general

For purposes of subsection (a)—

(i) the kilowatt hours of electricity produced by a taxpayer at a qualified facility shall include any production in the form of useful thermal energy by any combined heat and power system property within such facility, and

(ii) the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by such facility in the production of such useful thermal energy shall be included for purposes of determining the greenhouse gas emissions rate for such facility.

(B) Combined heat and power system property

For purposes of this paragraph, the term "combined heat and power system property" has the same meaning given such term by section 48(c)(3) (without regard to subparagraphs (A)(iv), (B), and (D) thereof).

(C) Conversion from BTU to KWh

(i) In general

For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), the amount of kilowatt hours of electricity produced in the form of useful thermal energy shall be equal to the quotient of—

(I) the total useful thermal energy produced by the combined heat and power system property within the qualified facility, divided by

(II) the heat rate for such facility.

(ii) Heat rate

For purposes of this subparagraph, the term "heat rate" means the amount of energy used by the qualified facility to generate 1 kilowatt hour of electricity, expressed as British thermal units per net kilowatt hour generated.

(3) Production attributable to the taxpayer

In the case of a qualified facility in which more than 1 person has an ownership interest, except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, production from the facility shall be allocated among such persons in proportion to their respective ownership interests in the gross sales from such facility.

(4) Related persons

Persons shall be treated as related to each other if such persons would be treated as a single employer under the regulations prescribed under section 52(b). In the case of a corporation which is a member of an affiliated group of corporations filing a consolidated return, such corporation shall be treated as selling electricity to an unrelated person if such electricity is sold to such a person by another member of such group.

(5) Pass-thru in the case of estates and trusts

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, rules similar to the rules of subsection (d) of section 52 shall apply.

(6) Allocation of credit to patrons of agricultural cooperative

(A) Election to allocate

(i) In general

In the case of an eligible cooperative organization, any portion of the credit determined under subsection (a) for the taxable year may, at the election of the organization, be apportioned among patrons of the organization on the basis of the amount of business done by the patrons during the taxable year.

(ii) Form and effect of election

An election under clause (i) for any taxable year shall be made on a timely filed return for such year. Such election, once made, shall be irrevocable for such taxable year. Such election shall not take effect unless the organization designates the apportionment as such in a written notice mailed to its patrons during the payment period described in section 1382(d).

(B) Treatment of organizations and patrons

The amount of the credit apportioned to any patrons under subparagraph (A)—

(i) shall not be included in the amount determined under subsection (a) with respect to the organization for the taxable year, and

(ii) shall be included in the amount determined under subsection (a) for the first taxable year of each patron ending on or after the last day of the payment period (as defined in section 1382(d)) for the taxable year of the organization or, if earlier, for the taxable year of each patron ending on or after the date on which the patron receives notice from the cooperative of the apportionment.

(C) Special rules for decrease in credits for taxable year

If the amount of the credit of a cooperative organization determined under subsection (a) for a taxable year is less than the amount of such credit shown on the return of the cooperative organization for such year, an amount equal to the excess of—

(i) such reduction, over

(ii) the amount not apportioned to such patrons under subparagraph (A) for the taxable year,

shall be treated as an increase in tax imposed by this chapter on the organization. Such increase shall not be treated as tax imposed by this chapter for purposes of determining the amount of any credit under this chapter.

(D) Eligible cooperative defined

For purposes of this section, the term "eligible cooperative" means a cooperative organization described in section 1381(a) which is owned more than 50 percent by agricultural producers or by entities owned by agricultural producers. For this purpose an entity owned by an agricultural producer is one that is more than 50 percent owned by agricultural producers.

(7) Increase in credit in energy communities

In the case of any qualified facility which is located in an energy community (as defined in section 45(b)(11)(B)), for purposes of determining the amount of the credit under subsection (a) with respect to any electricity produced by the taxpayer at such facility during the taxable year, the applicable amount under paragraph (2) of such subsection shall be increased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount otherwise in effect under such paragraph.

(8) Credit reduced for tax-exempt bonds

Rules similar to the rules of section 45(b)(3) shall apply.

(9) Wage requirements

Rules similar to the rules of section 45(b)(7) shall apply.

(10) Apprenticeship requirements

Rules similar to the rules of section 45(b)(8) shall apply.

(11) Domestic content bonus credit amount

(A) In general

In the case of any qualified facility which satisfies the requirement under subparagraph (B)(i), the amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) shall be increased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount so determined (as determined without application of paragraph (7)).

(B) Requirement

(i) In general

The requirement described in this subclause is satisfied with respect to any qualified facility if the taxpayer certifies to the Secretary (at such time, and in such form and manner, as the Secretary may prescribe) that any steel, iron, or manufactured product which is a component of such facility (upon completion of construction) was produced in the United States (as determined under section 661 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations).

(ii) Steel and iron

In the case of steel or iron, clause (i) shall be applied in a manner consistent with section 661.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

(iii) Manufactured product

For purposes of clause (i), the manufactured products which are components of a qualified facility upon completion of construction shall be deemed to have been produced in the United States if not less than the adjusted percentage (as determined under subparagraph (C)) of the total costs of all such manufactured products of such facility are attributable to manufactured products (including components) which are mined, produced, or manufactured in the United States.

(C) Adjusted percentage

(i) In general

Subject to subclause (ii), for purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii), the adjusted percentage shall be—

(I) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins before January 1, 2025, 40 percent,

(II) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2024, and before January 1, 2026, 45 percent,

(III) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2025, and before January 1, 2027, 50 percent, and

(IV) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2026, 55 percent.

(ii) Offshore wind facility

For purposes of subparagraph (B)(iii), in the case of a qualified facility which is an offshore wind facility, the adjusted percentage shall be—

(I) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins before January 1, 2025, 20 percent,

(II) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2024, and before January 1, 2026, 27.5 percent,

(III) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2025, and before January 1, 2027, 35 percent,

(IV) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2026, and before January 1, 2028, 45 percent, and

(V) in the case of a facility the construction of which begins after December 31, 2027, 55 percent.

(12) Phaseout for elective payment

(A) In general

In the case of a taxpayer making an election under section 6417 with respect to a credit under this section, the amount of such credit shall be replaced with—

(i) the value of such credit (determined without regard to this paragraph), multiplied by

(ii) the applicable percentage.

(B) 100 percent applicable percentage for certain qualified facilities

In the case of any qualified facility—

(i) which satisfies the requirements under paragraph (11)(B), or

(ii) with a maximum net output of less than 1 megawatt (as measured in alternating current),

the applicable percentage shall be 100 percent.

(C) Phased domestic content requirement

Subject to subparagraph (D), in the case of any qualified facility which is not described in subparagraph (B), the applicable percentage shall be—

(i) if construction of such facility began before January 1, 2024, 100 percent,

(ii) if construction of such facility began in calendar year 2024, 90 percent,

(iii) if construction of such facility began in calendar year 2025, 85 percent, and

(iv) if construction of such facility began after December 31, 2025, 0 percent.

(D) Exception

(i) In general

For purposes of this paragraph, the Secretary shall provide exceptions to the requirements under this paragraph if—

(I) the inclusion of steel, iron, or manufactured products which are produced in the United States increases the overall costs of construction of qualified facilities by more than 25 percent, or

(II) relevant steel, iron, or manufactured products are not produced in the United States in sufficient and reasonably available quantities or of a satisfactory quality.

(ii) Applicable percentage

In any case in which the Secretary provides an exception pursuant to clause (i), the applicable percentage shall be 100 percent.

(Added Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §13701(a), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1982.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–169, which was approved Aug. 16, 2022.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §13701(c), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1990, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 38 of this title] shall apply to facilities placed in service after December 31, 2024."
26 U.S.C. § 860H (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter M / Section 860H: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VIII, §835(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1593
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VIII, §835(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1593
Status: repealed

[§§860H to 860L. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, §835(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1593]

Section 860H, added Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1621(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1858, set forth general rules relating to taxation of a FASIT.

Section 860I, added Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1621(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1859, related to gain recognition on contributions to a FASIT and in other cases.

Section 860J, added Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1621(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1860, prohibited offset of certain FASIT inclusions by non-FASIT losses.

Section 860K, added Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1621(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1861, related to treatment of transfers of high-yield interests to disqualified holders.

Section 860L, added Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1621(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1862; amended Pub. L. 105–34, title XVI, §1601(f)(6), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1091, defined terms and set forth special rules relating to FASITs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Jan. 1, 2005, with exception for any FASIT in existence on Oct. 22, 2004, to the extent that regular interests issued by the FASIT before such date continue to remain outstanding in accordance with the original terms of issuance, see section 835(c) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendments note under section 56 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 78 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 78: Gross up for deemed paid foreign tax credit
Gross up for deemed paid foreign tax credit
Status: in_force

If a domestic corporation chooses to have the benefits of subpart A of part III of subchapter N (relating to foreign tax credit) for any taxable year, an amount equal to the taxes deemed to be paid by such corporation under subsections (a), (b), and (d) of section 960 (determined without regard to the phrase "80 percent of" in subsection (d)(1) thereof) for such taxable year shall be treated for purposes of this title (other than sections 245 and 245A) as a dividend received by such domestic corporation from the foreign corporation.

(Added Pub. L. 87–834, §9(b), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1001; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title X, §1033(b)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1628; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §14301(c)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2222.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2017—Pub. L. 115–97 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If a domestic corporation chooses to have the benefits of subpart A of part III of subchapter N (relating to foreign tax credit) for any taxable year, an amount equal to the taxes deemed to be paid by such corporation under section 902(a) (relating to credit for corporate stockholder in foreign corporation) or under section 960(a)(1) (relating to taxes paid by foreign corporation) for such taxable year shall be treated for purposes of this title (other than section 245) as a dividend received by such domestic corporation from the foreign corporation."

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 substituted "section 902(a)" for "section 902(a)(1)" and "section 960(a)(1)" for "section 960(a)(1)(C)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §14301(d), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2225, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 245, 535, 545, 814, 865, 901, 904 to 909, 958 to 960, 1291, 1293, and 6038 of this title and repealing section 902 of this title] shall apply to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after December 31, 2017, and to taxable years of United States shareholders in which or with which such taxable years of foreign corporations end."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable on different dates depending on the date the distributions were received, see section 1033(c) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 960 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 87–834, §9(e), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1001, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 535, 545, 861, 901, and 902 of this title] shall apply—

"(1) in respect of any distribution received by a domestic corporation after December 31, 1964, and

"(2) in respect of any distribution received by a domestic corporation before January 1, 1965, in a taxable year of such corporation beginning after December 31, 1962, but only to the extent that such distribution is made out of the accumulated profits of a foreign corporation for a taxable year (of such foreign corporation) beginning after December 31, 1962.

For purposes of paragraph (2), a distribution made by a foreign corporation out of its profits which are attributable to a distribution received from a foreign subsidiary to which [former] section 902(b) applies shall be treated as made out of the accumulated profits of a foreign corporation for a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1963, to the extent that such distribution was paid out of the accumulated profits of such foreign subsidiary for a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1963."
26 U.S.C. § 2033 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 11 / Section 2033: Property in which the decedent had an interest
Property in which the decedent had an interest
Status: in_force

The value of the gross estate shall include the value of all property to the extent of the interest therein of the decedent at the time of his death.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 381; Pub. L. 87–834, §18(a)(2)(A), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1052.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1962—Pub. L. 87–834 struck out provisions which excepted real property situated outside of the United States.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–834 applicable to estates of decedents dying after Oct. 16, 1962, except as otherwise provided, see section 18(b) of Pub. L. 87–834, set out as a note under section 2031 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 363 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter C / Section 363: Repealed. Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, §1901(a)(49), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1773
Repealed. Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, §1901(a)(49), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1773
Status: repealed

[§363. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(a)(49), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1773]

Section, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 119, related to cross reference for rules relating to effect on earnings and profits of transactions to which this part applies.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 835 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter L / Section 835: Election by reciprocal
Election by reciprocal
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this section, any mutual insurance company which is an interinsurer or reciprocal underwriter (hereinafter in this section referred to as a "reciprocal") subject to the taxes imposed by section 831(a) may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, elect to be subject to the limitation provided in subsection (b). Such election shall be effective for the taxable year for which made and for all succeeding taxable years, and shall not be revoked except with the consent of the Secretary.

(b) Limitation

The deduction for amounts paid or incurred in the taxable year to the attorney-in-fact by a reciprocal making the election provided in subsection (a) shall be limited to, but in no case increased by, the deductions of the attorney-in-fact allocable, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary, to the income received by the attorney-in-fact from the reciprocal.

(c) Exception

An election may not be made by a reciprocal under subsection (a) unless the attorney-in-fact of such reciprocal—

(1) is subject to the tax imposed by section 11;

(2) consents in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulations to make available such information as may be required during the period in which the election provided in subsection (a) is in effect, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary;

(3) reports the income received from the reciprocal and the deductions allocable thereto under the same method of accounting under which the reciprocal reports deductions for amounts paid to the attorney-in-fact; and

(4) files its return on the calendar year basis.

(d) Credit

Any reciprocal electing to be subject to the limitation provided in subsection (b) shall be credited with so much of the tax paid by the attorney-in-fact as is attributable, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, to the income received by the attorney-in-fact from the reciprocal in such taxable year.

(e) Benefits of graduated rates denied

Any increase in the taxable income of a reciprocal attributable to the limits provided in subsection (b) shall be taxed at the highest rate of tax specified in section 11(b).

(f) Adjustment for refund

If for any taxable year an attorney-in-fact is allowed a credit or refund for taxes paid with respect to which credit or refund to the reciprocal resulted under subsection (d), the taxes of such reciprocal for such taxable year shall be properly adjusted under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(g) Taxes of attorney-in-fact unaffected

Nothing in this section shall increase or decrease the taxes imposed by this chapter on the income of the attorney-in-fact.

(Added Pub. L. 87–834, §8(c), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 996, §826; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §301(b)(10), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2822; renumbered §835 and amended Pub. L. 99–514, title X, §1024(a)(3), (c)(9), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2405, 2407; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1010(f)(2), (3), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3454.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–647, §1010(f)(2), substituted "section 831(a)" for "section 821(a)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647, §1010(f)(3), substituted "subsection (d)" for "subsection (e)".

1986—Pub. L. 99–514, §1024(a)(3), renumbered section 826 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–514, §1024(c)(9)(A), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d), special rule, which read as follows: "In applying section 824(d)(1)(D), any amount which was added to the protection against loss account by reason of an election under this section shall be treated as having been added by reason of section 824(a)(1)(A)."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–514, §1024(c)(9), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e), substituted "Benefits of graduated rates" for "Surtax exemption" in heading, and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Any increase in taxable income of a reciprocal attributable to the limitation provided in subsection (b) shall be taxed without regard to the surtax exemption provided in section 821(a)(2)." Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 99–514, §1024(c)(9)(A), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (h) as (e) to (g), respectively.

1978—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 95–600 substituted "the tax imposed by section 11" for "the taxes imposed by section 11(b) and (c)".

1976—Subsecs. (a), (b), (c)(2), (e), (g). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 1024(e) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 831 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1962, see section 8(h) of Pub. L. 87–834, set out as an Effective Date of 1962 Amendment note under section 501 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 991 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 991: Taxation of a domestic international sales corporation
Taxation of a domestic international sales corporation
Status: in_force

For purposes of the taxes imposed by this subtitle upon a DISC (as defined in section 992(a)), a DISC shall not be subject to the taxes imposed by this subtitle.

(Added Pub. L. 92–178, title V, §501, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 535; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6011(e)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 818.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–206 struck out "except for the tax imposed by chapter 5" before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates (section 1131(a) of Pub. L. 105–34), see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 92–178, title V, §507, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 553, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "Except as provided in section 505 of this title [amending section 971 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 970 of this title], the amendments made by sections 501 through 504 of this title [enacting this section and sections 992 to 994, 995 to 997, and 6686 of this title and amending sections 246, 861, 901, 904, 922, 931, 1014, 1504, 6011, 6072, and 6501 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years ending after December 31, 1971, except that a corporation may not be a DISC (as defined in section 992(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], added by section 501 of this title) for any taxable year beginning before January 1, 1972."

Transition Rules for DISC's

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, §805(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1001, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, title XVIII, §1876(h), (n), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, 2900, 2901, provided that:

"(1) Close of 1984 taxable years of disc's.—

"(A) In general.—For purposes of applying the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the taxable year of each DISC which begins before January 1, 1985, and which (but for this paragraph) would include January 1, 1985, shall close on December 31, 1984. For purposes of such Code, the requirements of section 992(a)(1)(B) of such Code (relating to percentage of qualified export assets on last day of the taxable year) shall not apply to any taxable year ending on December 31, 1984.

"(B) Underpayments of estimated tax.—To the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate, no addition to tax shall be made under section 6654 or 6655 of such Code with respect to any underpayment of any installment required to be paid before April 13, 1985, to the extent the underpayment was created or increased by reason of subparagraph (A).

"(2) Exemption of accumulated disc income from tax.—

"(A) In general.—For purposes of applying the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to actual distributions made after December 31, 1984, by a DISC or former DISC which was a DISC on December 31, 1984, any accumulated DISC income of a DISC or former DISC (within the meaning of section 996(f)(1) of such Code) which is derived before January 1, 1985, shall be treated as previously taxed income (within the meaning of section 996(f)(2) of such Code) with respect to which there had previously been a deemed distribution to which section 996(e)(1) of such Code applied. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term 'actual distribution' includes a distribution in liquidation, and the earnings and profits of any corporation receiving a distribution not included in gross income by reason of the preceding sentence shall be increased by the amount of such distribution.

"(B) Exception for distribution of amounts previously disqualified.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the distribution of any accumulated DISC income of a DISC or former DISC to which section 995(b)(2) of such Code applied by reason of any revocation or disqualification (other than a revocation which under regulations prescribed by the Secretary results solely from the provisions of this title [title VIII, §§801–805, of Pub. L. 98–369, see Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note set out under section 245 of this title].

"(C) Treatment of distribution of accumulated disc income received by cooperatives.—In the case of any actual distribution received by an organization described in section 1381 of such Code and excluded from the gross income of such corporation by reason of subparagraph (A)—

"(i) such amount shall not be included in the gross income of any member of such organization when distributed in the form of a patronage dividend or otherwise, and

"(ii) no deduction shall be allowed to such organization by reason of any such distribution.

"(3) Installment treatment of certain deemed distributions of shareholders.—

"(A) In general.—Notwithstanding section 995(b) of such Code, if a shareholder of a DISC elects the application of this paragraph, any qualified distribution shall be treated, for purposes of such Code, as received by such shareholder in 10 equal installments on the last day of each of the 10 taxable years of such shareholder which begins after the first taxable year of such shareholder beginning in 1984. The preceding sentence shall apply without regard to whether the DISC exists after December 31, 1984.

"(B) Qualified distribution.—The term 'qualified distribution' means any distribution which a shareholder is deemed to have received by reason of section 995(b) of such Code with respect to income derived by the DISC in the first taxable year of the DISC beginning—

"(i) in 1984, and

"(ii) after the date in 1984 on which the taxable year of such shareholder begins.

"(C) Shorter period for installments.—The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may by regulations provide for the election by any shareholder to be treated as receiving a qualified distribution over such shorter period as the taxpayer may elect.

"(D) Elections.—Any election under this paragraph shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe.

"(4) Treatment of transfers from disc to fsc.—Except to the extent provided in regulations, section 367 of such Code shall not apply to transfers made before January 1, 1986 (or, if later, the date 1 year after the date on which the corporation ceases to be a DISC), to a FSC of qualified export assets (as defined in section 993(b) of such Code) held on August 4, 1983, by a DISC in a transaction described in section 351 or 368(a)(1) of such Code.

"(5) Deemed termination of a disc.—Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if any controlled group of corporations of which a DISC is a member establishes a FSC, then any DISC which is a member of such group shall be treated as having terminated its DISC status.

"(6) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection, the terms 'DISC' and 'former DISC' have the respective meanings given to such terms by section 992 of such Code."

Special Rule for Export Trade Corporations

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, §805(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1002, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) In general.—If, before January 1, 1985, any export trade corporation—

"(A) makes an election under [former] section 927(f)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] to be treated as a FSC, or

"(B) elects not to be treated as an export trade corporation with respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1984,

rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (2) and (4) of subsection (b) [section 805(b)(2) and (4) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note above] shall apply to such export trade corporation.

"(2) Treatment of transfers to fsc.—In the case of any export trade corporation which—

"(A) makes an election described in paragraph (1), and

"(B) transfers before January 1, 1986, any portion of its property to a FSC in a transaction described in section 351 or 368(a)(1),

then, subject to such rules as the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate may prescribe based on principles similar to the principles of section 505(a) and (b) of the Revenue Act of 1971 [Pub. L. 92–178, set out as a note under section 970 of this title], no income, gain, or loss shall be recognized on such transfer or on the distribution of any stock of the FSC received (or treated as received) in connection with such transfer.

"(3) Export trade corporation.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'export trade corporation' has the meaning given such term by section 971 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986."

Submission of Annual Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 92–178, title V, §506, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 553, which directed, that commencing with calendar year 1972, the Secretary of the Treasury submit annual reports to Congress on the effect and operation of title V, §§501–507, of Pub. L. 92–178, was probably intended by Congress to be repealed by Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VIII, §804(b)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1000, which directed that section 806 of Pub. L. 98–178 relating to submission of annual reports to Congress be repealed. Section 804(b)(2) of Pub. L. 98–369 provided that the repeal is applicable to reports for calendar years after 1984.
26 U.S.C. § 1294 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1294: Election to extend time for payment of tax on undistributed earnings
Election to extend time for payment of tax on undistributed earnings
Status: in_force

(a) Extension allowed by election

(1) In general

At the election of the taxpayer, the time for payment of any undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability of the taxpayer for the taxable year shall be extended to the extent and subject to the limitations provided in this section.

(2) Election not permitted where amounts otherwise includible under section 951

The taxpayer may not make an election under paragraph (1) with respect to the undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability attributable to a qualified electing fund for the taxable year if any amount is includible in the gross income of the taxpayer under section 951 with respect to such fund for such taxable year.

(b) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability

The term "undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability" means, in the case of any taxpayer, the excess of—

(A) the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year, over

(B) the tax which would be imposed by this chapter for such year without regard to the inclusion in gross income under section 1293 of the undistributed earnings of a qualified electing fund.

(2) Undistributed earnings

The term "undistributed earnings" means, with respect to any qualified electing fund, the excess (if any) of—

(A) the amount includible in gross income by reason of section 1293(a) for the taxable year, over

(B) the amount not includible in gross income by reason of section 1293(c) for such taxable year.

(c) Termination of extension

(1) Distributions

(A) In general

If a distribution is not includible in gross income for the taxable year by reason of section 1293(c), then the extension under subsection (a) for payment of the undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability with respect to the earnings to which such distribution is attributable shall expire on the last date prescribed by law (determined without regard to extensions) for filing the return of tax for such taxable year.

(B) Ordering rule

For purposes of subparagraph (A), a distribution shall be treated as made from the most recently accumulated earnings and profits.

(2) Transfers, etc.

If—

(A) stock in a passive foreign investment company is transferred during the taxable year, or

(B) a passive foreign investment company ceases to be a qualified electing fund,

all extensions under subsection (a) for payment of undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability attributable to such stock (or, in the case of such a cessation, attributable to any stock in such company) which had not expired before the date of such transfer or cessation shall expire on the last date prescribed by law (determined without regard to extensions) for filing the return of tax for the taxable year in which such transfer or cessation occurs. To the extent provided in regulations, the preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of a transfer in a transaction with respect to which gain or loss is not recognized (in whole or in part), and the transferee in such transaction shall succeed to the treatment under this section of the transferor.

(3) Jeopardy

If the Secretary believes that collection of an amount to which an extension under this section relates is in jeopardy, the Secretary shall immediately terminate such extension with respect to such amount, and notice and demand shall be made by him for payment of such amount.

(d) Election

The election under subsection (a) shall be made not later than the time prescribed by law (including extensions) for filing the return of tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year.

(e) Authority to require bond

Section 6165 shall apply to any extension under this section as though the Secretary were extending the time for payment of the tax.

(f) Treatment of loans to shareholder

For purposes of this section and section 1293, any loan by a qualified electing fund (directly or indirectly) to a shareholder of such fund shall be treated as a distribution to such shareholder.

(g) Cross reference

For provisions providing for interest for the period of the extension under this section, see section 6601.

(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, §1235(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2570; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1012(p)(4), (8), (25), (34), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3515, 3517, 3519, 3522; Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, §413(c)(25), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1509.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–357 amended heading and text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The taxpayer may not make an election under paragraph (1) with respect to the undistributed PFIC earnings tax liability attributable to a qualified electing fund for the taxable year if—

"(A) any amount is includible in the gross income of the taxpayer under section 551 with respect to such fund for such taxable year, or

"(B) any amount is includible in the gross income of the taxpayer under section 951 with respect to such fund for such taxable year."

1988—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–647, §1012(p)(4), (34), substituted "Transfers" for "Dispositions" in heading and "is transferred" for "is disposed of" in subpar. (A), and in closing provisions substituted "such transfer" for "such disposition" in two places and inserted at end "To the extent provided in regulations, the preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of a transfer in a transaction with respect to which gain or loss is not recognized (in whole or in part), and the transferee in such transaction shall succeed to the treatment under this section of the transferor."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647, §1012(p)(25), added subsec. (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–647, §1012(p)(8), added subsec. (g).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 1235(h) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1291 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 632 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter I / Section 632: Repealed. Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, §1901(a)(90), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1779
Repealed. Pub. L. 94-455, title XIX, §1901(a)(90), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1779
Status: repealed

[§632. Repealed. Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(a)(90), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1779]

Section, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 214; Dec. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–172, title VIII, §803(d)(4), 83 Stat. 684, related to tax in case of sale of oil and gas properties.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1562 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 6 / Section 1562: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-172, title IV, §401(a)(2), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 600
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-172, title IV, §401(a)(2), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 600
Status: repealed

[§1562. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–172, title IV, §401(a)(2), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 600]

Section, added Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §235(a), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 117, amended Pub. L. 91–172, title IV, §401(b)(2)(A), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 602, set limits on the privilege of groups to elect multiple surtax exemptions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1974, see section 401(h)(1) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as an Effective Date of 1969 Amendment note under section 1561 of this title.

Retroactive Termination of Elections

Pub. L. 91–172, title IV, §401(g), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 604, authorized an affiliated group of corporations making a consolidated return for the taxable year which included Dec. 31, 1970, to terminate the election under section 1562 of this title with respect to any prior Dec. 31 which was included in a taxable year of any such corporations from which there was a net operating loss carryover to the 1970 consolidated return year and provided that the termination of such election was to be valid only if in accord with subsecs. (c)(1) and (e) of section 1562 of this title other than the requirement of making the termination prior to the expiration of the 3 year period specified in subsec. (e) of section 1562 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5385 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5385: Specially sweetened natural wines
Specially sweetened natural wines
Status: in_force

(a) Definition

Specially sweetened natural wine is the product made by adding to natural wine of the winemaker's own production a sufficient quantity of pure dry sugar, or juice or concentrated juice from the same kind of fruit, separately or in combination, to produce a finished product having a total solids content in excess of 17 percent by weight and an alcoholic content of not more than 14 percent by volume, and shall include extra sweet kosher wine and similarly heavily sweetened wines.

(b) Cellar treatment

Specially sweetened natural wines may be blended with each other, or with natural wine or heavy bodied blending wine in the further production of specially sweetened natural wine only, if the wines so blended are made from the same kind of fruit. Wines produced under this section may be cellar treated under the provisions of section 5382(a) and (c). Wine spirits may not be added to specially sweetened natural wine.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1386; amended Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §806(c)(4), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 164; Pub. L. 90–619, §§3(b), 4, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1237.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5385, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 671, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–619, §3(b), substituted "not more than 14 percent" for "less than 14 percent".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–619, §4, authorized cellar treatment of specially sweetened natural wines, special natural wines, and agricultural wines.

1965—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–44 substituted "total solids content in excess of 17" for "sugar solids content in excess of 15".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–619 effective on first day of first month which begins 90 days or more after Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–619, set out as a note under section 5373 of this title.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–44 effective Jan. 1, 1966, see section 806(d)(2) of Pub. L. 89–44, set out as a note under section 5383 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 7852 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 80 / Section 7852: Other applicable rules
Other applicable rules
Status: in_force

(a) Separability clause

If any provision of this title, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the title, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

(b) Reference in other laws to Internal Revenue Code of 1939

Any reference in any other law of the United States or in any Executive order to any provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 shall, where not otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly incompatible with the intent thereof, be deemed also to refer to the corresponding provision of this title.

(c) Items not to be twice included in income or deducted therefrom

Except as otherwise distinctly expressed or manifestly intended, the same item (whether of income, deduction, credit, or otherwise) shall not be taken into account both in computing a tax under subtitle A of this title and a tax under chapter 1 or 2 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939.

(d) Treaty obligations

(1) In general

For purposes of determining the relationship between a provision of a treaty and any law of the United States affecting revenue, neither the treaty nor the law shall have preferential status by reason of its being a treaty or law.

(2) Savings clause for 1954 treaties

No provision of this title (as in effect without regard to any amendment thereto enacted after August 16, 1954) shall apply in any case where its application would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on August 16, 1954.

(e) Privacy Act of 1974

The provisions of subsections (d)(2), (3), and (4), and (g) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, shall not be applied, directly or indirectly, to the determination of the existence or possible existence of liability (or the amount thereof) of any person for any tax, penalty, interest, fine, forfeiture, or other imposition or offense to which the provisions of this title apply.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 922; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1202(g), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1688; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1012(aa)(1)(A), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3531.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Internal Revenue Code of 1939, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, 53 Stat. 1. Prior to the enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the 1939 Code was classified to former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. The Internal Revenue Code of 1954 was redesignated The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095. For table of comparisons of the 1939 Code to the 1986 Code, see Table I preceding section 1 of this title.

Chapters 1 and 2 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, referred to in subsec. (c), are chapters 1 and 2 of former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. For history of such chapters, see References in Text note set out under section 7851 of this title.

The Privacy Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 93–579, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1896, which enacted section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacted notes set out under section 552a of Title 5. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 552a of Title 5 and Tables.

Amendments

1988—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647 amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "No provision of this title shall apply in any case where its application would be contrary to any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on the date of enactment of this title."

1976—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–455 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1012(aa)(1)(B), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3531, provided that: "Section 7852(d)(1) of the 1986 Code, as added by subparagraph (A), shall apply to any taxable period with respect to which the time for assessment of any deficiency has not expired by reason of any law or rule of law before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1988]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 effective Jan. 1, 1977, see section 1202(i) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 6103 of this title.

Application of Subsec. (d) to Pub. L. 87–834

Pub. L. 87–834, §31, Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 1069, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "Section 7852(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (relating to treaty obligations) shall not apply in respect of any amendment made by this Act [see Short Title of 1962 Amendments note set out under section 1 of this title]."
26 U.S.C. § 6698A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 68 / Section 6698A: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-223, title IV, §401(a), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 299
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-223, title IV, §401(a), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 299
Status: repealed

[§6698A. Repealed. Pub. L. 96–223, title IV, §401(a), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 299]

Section, added Pub. L. 94–455, title XX, §2005(d)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1878, §6694; renumbered §6698 and amended Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, §702(r)(1)(A), (B), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2938; renumbered §6698A, Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §107(a)(2)(D), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 223, related to failure of an executor to file information with respect to carryover basis property. Repeal was achieved by repealing section 2005(d)(2) of Pub. L. 94–455 and section 702(r)(1)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 95–600 and the amendments made by those sections.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal and Revival of Prior Law

Repeal applicable in respect of decedents dying after Dec. 31, 1976, and, except for certain elections, this title to be applied and administered as if this section had not been enacted, see section 401(b), (e) of Pub. L. 96–223, set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment and Revival of Prior Law note under section 1023 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 135 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 135: Income from United States savings bonds used to pay higher education tuition and fees
Income from United States savings bonds used to pay higher education tuition and fees
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

In the case of an individual who pays qualified higher education expenses during the taxable year, no amount shall be includible in gross income by reason of the redemption during such year of any qualified United States savings bond.

(b) Limitations

(1) Limitation where redemption proceeds exceed higher education expenses

(A) In general

If—

(i) the aggregate proceeds of qualified United States savings bonds redeemed by the taxpayer during the taxable year exceed

(ii) the qualified higher education expenses paid by the taxpayer during such taxable year,

the amount excludable from gross income under subsection (a) shall not exceed the applicable fraction of the amount excludable from gross income under subsection (a) without regard to this subsection.

(B) Applicable fraction

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term "applicable fraction" means the fraction the numerator of which is the amount described in subparagraph (A)(ii) and the denominator of which is the amount described in subparagraph (A)(i).

(2) Limitation based on modified adjusted gross income

(A) In general

If the modified adjusted gross income of the taxpayer for the taxable year exceeds $40,000 ($60,000 in the case of a joint return), the amount which would (but for this paragraph) be excludable from gross income under subsection (a) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount which bears the same ratio to the amount which would be so excludable as such excess bears to $15,000 ($30,000 in the case of a joint return).

(B) Inflation adjustment

In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 1990, the $40,000 and $60,000 amounts contained in subparagraph (A) shall be increased by an amount equal to—

(i) such dollar amount, multiplied by

(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins, determined by substituting "calendar year 1989" for "calendar year 2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.

(C) Rounding

If any amount as adjusted under subparagraph (B) is not a multiple of $50, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $50 (or if such amount is a multiple of $25, such amount shall be rounded to the next highest multiple of $50).

(c) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Qualified United States savings bond

The term "qualified United States savings bond" means any United States savings bond issued—

(A) after December 31, 1989,

(B) to an individual who has attained age 24 before the date of issuance, and

(C) at discount under section 3105 of title 31, United States Code.

(2) Qualified higher education expenses

(A) In general

The term "qualified higher education expenses" means tuition and fees required for the enrollment or attendance of—

(i) the taxpayer,

(ii) the taxpayer's spouse, or

(iii) any dependent of the taxpayer with respect to whom the taxpayer is allowed a deduction under section 151,

at an eligible educational institution.

(B) Exception for education involving sports, etc.

Such term shall not include expenses with respect to any course or other education involving sports, games, or hobbies other than as part of a degree program.

(C) Contributions to qualified tuition program and Coverdell education savings accounts

Such term shall include any contribution to a qualified tuition program (as defined in section 529) on behalf of a designated beneficiary (as defined in such section), or to a Coverdell education savings account (as defined in section 530) on behalf of an account beneficiary, who is an individual described in subparagraph (A); but there shall be no increase in the investment in the contract for purposes of applying section 72 by reason of any portion of such contribution which is not includible in gross income by reason of this subparagraph.

(3) Eligible educational institution

The term "eligible educational institution" has the meaning given such term by section 529(e)(5).

(4) Modified adjusted gross income

The term "modified adjusted gross income" means the adjusted gross income of the taxpayer for the taxable year determined—

(A) without regard to this section and sections 85(c), 137, 221, 911, 931, and 933, and

(B) after the application of sections 86, 469, and 219.

(d) Special rules

(1) Adjustment for certain scholarships and veterans benefits

The amount of qualified higher education expenses otherwise taken into account under subsection (a) with respect to the education of an individual shall be reduced (before the application of subsection (b)) by the sum of the amounts received with respect to such individual for the taxable year as—

(A) a qualified scholarship which under section 117 is not includable in gross income,

(B) an educational assistance allowance under chapter 30, 31, 32, 34, or 35 of title 38, United States Code,

(C) a payment (other than a gift, bequest, devise, or inheritance within the meaning of section 102(a)) for educational expenses, or attributable to attendance at an eligible educational institution, which is exempt from income taxation by any law of the United States, or

(D) a payment, waiver, or reimbursement of qualified higher education expenses under a qualified tuition program (within the meaning of section 529(b)).

(2) Coordination with other higher education benefits

The amount of the qualified higher education expenses otherwise taken into account under subsection (a) with respect to the education of an individual shall be reduced (before the application of subsection (b)) by—

(A) the amount of such expenses which are taken into account in determining the credit allowed to the taxpayer or any other person under section 25A with respect to such expenses; and

(B) the amount of such expenses which are taken into account in determining the exclusions under sections 529(c)(3)(B) and 530(d)(2).

(3) No exclusion for married individuals filing separate returns

If the taxpayer is a married individual (within the meaning of section 7703), this section shall apply only if the taxpayer and his spouse file a joint return for the taxable year.

(4) Regulations

The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out this section, including regulations requiring record keeping and information reporting.

(Added Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6009(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3688; amended Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7816(c)(2), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2420; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§11101(d)(1)(E), 11702(h), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–405, 1388–516; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §§1703(d), 1806(b)(1), 1807(c)(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1875, 1898, 1902; Pub. L. 105–34, title II, §§201(d), 211(c), 213(e)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 805, 811, 817; Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6004(c)(1), (d)(4), (9), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 793–795; Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4003(a)(2)(B), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–908; Pub. L. 107–16, title IV, §§401(g)(2)(B), 402(a)(4)(A), (B), (b)(2)(A), 431(c)(1), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 59–62, 68; Pub. L. 107–22, §1(b)(1)(B), (3)(B), July 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 108–357, title I, §102(d)(1), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1428; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §§11002(d)(1)(M), 13305(b)(1), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2060, 2126; Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §104(b)(2)(D), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3041; Pub. L. 117–2, title IX, §9042(b)(3), Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 122.)

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 135 was renumbered section 140 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 117–2 inserted "85(c)," before "137".

2020—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 116–260 struck out "222," after "221,".

2017—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 115–97, §11002(d)(1)(M), substituted "for 'calendar year 2016' in subparagraph (A)(ii)" for "for 'calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B)".

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 115–97, §13305(b)(1), struck out "199," before "221".

2004—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 108–357 inserted "199," before "221".

2001—Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 107–22, in heading substituted "Coverdell education savings" for "education individual retirement" and in text substituted "a Coverdell education savings" for "an education individual retirement".

Pub. L. 107–16, §402(a)(4)(A), (B), substituted "qualified tuition" for "qualified State tuition" in heading and text.

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 107–16, §431(c)(1), inserted "222," after "221,".

Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 107–16, §402(a)(4)(A), substituted "qualified tuition" for "qualified State tuition".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–16, §401(g)(2)(B), substituted "allowed" for "allowable".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–16, §402(b)(2)(A), substituted "the exclusions under sections 529(c)(3)(B) and 530(d)(2)" for "the exclusion under section 530(d)(2)".

1998—Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–206, §6004(d)(9), inserted "and education individual retirement accounts" after "program" in heading and substituted "section 72" for "section 529(c)(3)(A)" in text.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–206, §6004(c)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'eligible educational institution' means—

"(A) an institution described in section 1201(a) or subparagraph (C) or (D) of section 481(a)(1) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (as in effect on October 21, 1988), and

"(B) an area vocational education school (as defined in subparagraph (C) or (D) of section 521(3) of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act) which is in any State (as defined in section 521(27) of such Act), as such sections are in effect on October 21, 1988."

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–277 inserted "221," after "137,".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105–206, §6004(d)(4), substituted "other higher education benefits" for "higher education credit" in heading and amended text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The amount of the qualified higher education expenses otherwise taken into account under subsection (a) with respect to the education of an individual shall be reduced (before the application of subsection (b)) by the amount of such expenses which are taken into account in determining the credit allowable to the taxpayer or any other person under section 25A with respect to such expenses."

1997—Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–34, §213(e)(2), inserted ", or to an education individual retirement account (as defined in section 530) on behalf of an account beneficiary," after "(as defined in such section)".

Pub. L. 105–34, §211(c), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (d)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 105–34, §201(d), added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively.

1996—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104–188, §1703(d), inserted ", determined by substituting 'calendar year 1989' for 'calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B) thereof" before period at end.

Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 104–188, §1807(c)(2), inserted "137," before "911".

Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 104–188, §1806(b)(1), added subpar. (D).

1990—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, §11702(h)(1), substituted "the $40,000 and $60,000 amounts" for "each dollar amount" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 101–508, §11101(d)(1)(E), struck out before period at end ", determined by substituting 'calendar year 1989' for 'calendar year 1987' in subparagraph (B) thereof".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 101–508, §11702(h)(2), struck out "(A) or" after "subparagraph".

1989—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–239 substituted "subsection (a) with respect to" for "subsection (a) respect to".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–2 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2019, see section 9042(c) of Pub. L. 117–2, set out as a note under section 74 of this title.

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2020, see section 104(c) of div. EE of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 25A of this title.

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by section 11002(d)(1)(M) of Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 11002(e) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 13305(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, except as provided by transition rule, see section 13305(c) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 74 of this title.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, see section 102(e) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–22 effective July 26, 2001, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 107–22, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Amendment by section 401(g)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 401(h) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 25A of this title.

Amendment by section 402(a)(4)(A), (B), (b)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 402(h) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 72 of this title.

Amendment by section 431(c)(1) of Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to payments made in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2001, see section 431(d) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 62 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective as if included in the provision of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 4003(l) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 86 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by section 201(d) of Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to expenses paid after Dec. 31, 1997 (in taxable years ending after such date), for education furnished in academic periods beginning after such date, see section 201(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as an Effective Date note under section 25A of this title.

Amendment by section 211(c) of Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, see section 211(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 529 of this title.

Amendment by section 213(e)(2) of Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, see section 213(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by section 1703(d) of Pub. L. 104–188 effective as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, §§13001–13444, to which such amendment relates, see section 1703(o) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 39 of this title.

Amendment by section 1806(b)(1) of Pub. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years ending after Aug. 20, 1996, with transition rules applicable where States or agencies or instrumentalities thereof maintain on such date programs under which persons may purchase tuition credits or certificates on behalf of, or make contributions for education expenses of, designated beneficiaries, see section 1806(c) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as an Effective Date note under section 529 of this title.

Amendment by section 1807(c)(2) of Pub. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, see section 1807(e) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as an Effective Date note under section 23 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by section 11101(d)(1)(E) of Pub. L. 101–508 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1990, see section 11101(e) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 11702(h) of Pub. L. 101–508 effective as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 11702(j) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 59 of this title.

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1989, see section 6009(d) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 86 of this title.

Promotion of Public Awareness of Program

Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6009(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3690, provided that: "The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall take such actions as may be necessary to make the general public aware of the program established by this section [enacting this section, amending sections 86, 219, and 469 of this title, renumbering former section 135 of this title as section 136 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes below and under section 86 of this title]."

Parental Assistance With Tuition Stamp Study

Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6009(e), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3690, directed Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate, after consultation with Secretary of Education or his delegate, to conduct a study of feasibility of using stamps or similar programs to encourage and facilitate savings by parents towards purchase of Series EE bonds eligible for exclusion and to submit, not later than Dec. 31, 1989, results of such study, together with any recommendations deemed appropriate, to Committee on Ways and Means of House of Representatives and Committee on Finance of Senate.