7 U.S.C. § 212 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 212: Prescribing rates and practices to prevent discrimination between intrastate and interstate commerce
Prescribing rates and practices to prevent discrimination between intrastate and interstate commerce
Status: in_force

Whenever in any investigation under the provisions of this subchapter, or in any investigation instituted by petition of the stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer concerned, which petition is authorized to be filed, the Secretary after full hearing finds that any rate, charge, regulation, or practice of any stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer, for or in connection with the buying or selling on a commission basis or otherwise, receiving, marketing, feeding, holding, delivery, shipment, weighing, or handling, not in commerce, of livestock, causes any undue or unreasonable advantage, prejudice, or preference as between persons or localities in intrastate commerce in livestock on the one hand and interstate or foreign commerce in livestock on the other hand, or any undue, unjust, or unreasonable discrimination against interstate or foreign commerce in livestock, which is hereby forbidden and declared to be unlawful, the Secretary shall prescribe the rate, charge, regulation, or practice thereafter to be observed, in such manner as, in his judgment, will remove such advantage, preference, or discrimination. Such rates, charges, regulations, or practices shall be observed while in effect by the stockyard owners, market agencies, or dealers parties to such proceeding affected thereby, the law of any State or the decision or order of any State authority to the contrary notwithstanding.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §311, 42 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 85–909, §2(4), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 94–410, §3(c), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1249.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–410 substituted "livestock" for "live stock" wherever appearing.

1958—Pub. L. 85–909 substituted "stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer" for "stockyard owner or market agency" wherever occurring, and "stockyard owners, market agencies, or dealers" for "stockyard owners or market agencies".
7 U.S.C. § 5314 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 84: NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Subchapter I: NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Section 5314: Implementation of comprehensive plan
Implementation of comprehensive plan
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The comprehensive plan shall be carried out during the period ending with the close of the ninth fiscal year following the fiscal year in which the comprehensive plan is submitted in its final form under section 5313(d)(2) of this title and shall be—

(1) carried out in accordance with, and meet the program objectives specified in, section 5313(a) of this title and section 5313(b) of this title;

(2) carried out, by the Federal agencies involved, in accordance with the allocation of functions and activities under section 5313(c) of this title; and

(3) funded by appropriations made to such agencies for each fiscal year of the program.

(b) Existing law not affected

Nothing in this subchapter may be construed to grant any new regulatory authority or to limit, expand, or otherwise modify any regulatory authority under existing law, or to establish new criteria, standards, or requirements for regulation under existing law.

(Pub. L. 101–445, title I, §104, Oct. 22, 1990, 104 Stat. 1040.)
7 U.S.C. § 7918 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: DIRECT PAYMENTS AND COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS / Section 7918: Period of effectiveness
Period of effectiveness
Status: in_force

This subchapter shall be effective beginning with the 2002 crop year of each covered commodity through the 2007 crop year.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1108, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 155.)
7 U.S.C. § 7623 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7623: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7303, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1242, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7303, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2003
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7303, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1242, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7303, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2003
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §403, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 567; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7129, 7207(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 435, 440, related to precision agriculture.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 940a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 940a: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §780, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1151
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §780, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1151
Status: repealed

Section, act May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §311, as added Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VI, §623], 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–333, and Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VI, §623], 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–333; amended Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §235(a)(7), (13), 108 Stat. 3221, related to privatization demonstration program.
7 U.S.C. § 2211 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2211: Powers and duties of Deputy Secretary of Agriculture
Powers and duties of Deputy Secretary of Agriculture
Status: in_force

The Deputy Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to exercise the functions and perform the duties of the first assistant of the Secretary of Agriculture within the meaning of section 3345 of title 5 and shall perform such other duties as may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.

(June 5, 1939, ch. 181, 53 Stat. 809; Pub. L. 94–561, §1(c)(2), Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

"Section 3345 of title 5" substituted in text for "section 177 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (U.S.C., title 5, sec. 4)" on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Section was formerly classified to section 514b of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–561 substituted "Deputy Secretary of Agriculture" for Under Secretary of Agriculture.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–561 effective Oct. 19, 1976, see section 5 of Pub. L. 94–561, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
7 U.S.C. § 418 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 418: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 418 was editorially reclassified as section 2207c of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1639j (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter VI: LABELING OF CERTAIN FOOD / Section 1639j: Exclusion from Federal preemption
Exclusion from Federal preemption
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subchapter, subchapter V, or any regulation, rule, or requirement promulgated in accordance with this subchapter or subchapter V shall be construed to preempt any remedy created by a State or Federal statutory or common law right.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §296, as added Pub. L. 114–216, §1, July 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 838.)
7 U.S.C. § 445 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 445: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 445 was editorially reclassified as section 667f–3 of Title 16, Conservation.
7 U.S.C. § 6706 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 96: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE / Section 6706: Institutes of Tropical Forestry
Institutes of Tropical Forestry
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized and directed to establish an Institute of Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico and an Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Institutes"). The Institutes shall conduct research on forest management and natural resources that shall include—

(1) management and development of tropical forests;

(2) the relationship between climate change and tropical forests;

(3) threatened and endangered species;

(4) recreation and tourism;

(5) development of tropical forest resources on a sustained yield basis;

(6) techniques to monitor the health and productivity of tropical forests;

(7) tropical forest regeneration and restoration; and

(8) the effects of tropical deforestation on biodiversity, global climate, wildlife, soils, and water.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIV, §2407, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4060.)
7 U.S.C. § 936d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 936d: Eligibility of distribution borrowers for loans, loan guarantees, and lien accommodations
Eligibility of distribution borrowers for loans, loan guarantees, and lien accommodations
Status: in_force

For the purpose of determining the eligibility of a distribution borrower not in default on the repayment of a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter for a loan, loan guarantee, or lien accommodation under this subchapter, a default by a borrower from which the distribution borrower purchases wholesale power shall not—

(1) be considered a default by the distribution borrower;

(2) reduce the eligibility of the distribution borrower for assistance under this chapter; or

(3) be the cause, directly or indirectly, of imposing any requirement or restriction on the borrower as a condition of the assistance, except such requirements or restrictions as are necessary to implement a debt restructuring agreed on by the power supply borrower and the Government.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §306D, as added Pub. L. 103–129, §2(c)(7), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1364.)
7 U.S.C. § 362 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 362: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections, act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, §§1, 2, 24 Stat. 440, as amended, were transferred to sections 361a and 361b, respectively, of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1421b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1421b: Costs of production
Costs of production
Status: in_force

Congress finds that, to improve the accuracy of commodity program benefit forecasts, the Secretary of Agriculture should designate a single organization to manage its commodity program forecasting and establish a quality control program to—

(1) systematically identify the source of forecasting errors;

(2) maintain records of data used for supply and demand forecasts;

(3) document its forecasting methods; and

(4) correct weaknesses in its various forecasting components.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXV, §2512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4073; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1011(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 709.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, and not as part of the Agricultural Act of 1949 which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of the 1949 Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1995—Pub. L. 104–66 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading "Improving accuracy of commodity program budget forecasts" before "Congress finds that", and struck out subsec. (b) "Return on assets" which read as follows: "The Secretary of Agriculture shall annually publish a report analyzing the return on assets resulting from the production of upland cotton, rice, wheat, corn, oats, barley, grain sorghum, soybeans, peanuts, sugar from sugar beets, and raw sugar from sugar cane. In conducting this analysis, the Secretary shall consider returns from agricultural price support programs, the effects of agricultural price support programs on cost of production, the factors currently used in Department of Agriculture cost of production data, current value of land, and any other information that he considers necessary to reflect accurately return on the production of such crops."
7 U.S.C. § 2209k (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2209k: Prohibition on payments to fossil fuel refiners and importers
Prohibition on payments to fossil fuel refiners and importers
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Agriculture may not use any funds, facilities, or authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation or the Department of Agriculture—

(1) to provide a payment to a refiner or importer (as those terms are defined in section 80.2 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)); or

(2) to otherwise support, directly or indirectly, a refiner or importer (as so defined) in meeting any requirements under—

(A) the renewable fuel program under section 7545(o) of title 42; or

(B) any other provision of law that requires the blending of fossil fuel with renewable fuel.

(b) The exclusion in (a) shall not apply to any payments or support to producers, refiners, or importers of biofuel (as defined in section 8101 of this title).

(c) Moratorium on Authorities Relating to Exchanges of Agricultural Products for Petroleum Products.—The authorities under the ninth and tenth sentences of section 714b(h) of title 15 (relating to the availability of agricultural products for the Secretary of Energy to exchange for petroleum products and the terms and conditions of those exchanges, respectively) shall not be used during the 180-day period beginning on October 1, 2020.

(Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title VI, §4604, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 747.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 8101 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "7 U.S.C. 8101" but probably should have been a reference to section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107–171, which is classified to section 8101 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1574 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter II: INTERSTATE COMMERCE / Section 1574: Disclaimers, limited warranties and nonwarranties
Disclaimers, limited warranties and nonwarranties
Status: in_force

The use of a disclaimer, limited warranty, or nonwarranty clause in any invoice, advertising, labeling, or written, printed, or graphic matter, pertaining to any seed shall not constitute a defense, or be used as a defense in any way, in any prosecution or other proceeding brought under the provisions of this chapter, or the rules and regulations made and promulgated thereunder. Nothing in this section is intended to preclude the use of a disclaimer, limited warranty, or nonwarranty clause as a defense in any proceeding not brought under this chapter.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title II, §204, 53 Stat. 1282; July 9, 1956, ch. 520, §2, 70 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 85–581, §11, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 478.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1958—Pub. L. 85–581 precluded use of limited warranty clause as defense in prosecution or other proceeding brought under provisions of this chapter and stated that use of enumerated clauses as defenses in proceedings not brought under this chapter is not barred.

1956—Act July 9, 1956, substituted "or other proceeding" for ", or in any proceeding for confiscation of seeds,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1956 Amendment

Amendments made by act July 9, 1956, applicable only with respect to violations occurring after July 9, 1956, see note set out under section 1596 of this title.

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2612 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 58: POTATO RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2612: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(a) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(b) The term "person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or other entity.

(c) The term "potatoes" means all varieties of Irish potatoes grown by producers in the 50 States of the United States, and grown in foreign countries and imported into the United States.

(d) The term "handler" means any person (except a common or contract carrier of potatoes owned by another person) who handles potatoes in a manner specified in a plan issued pursuant to this chapter or in the rules and regulations issued thereunder.

(e) The term "producer" means any person engaged in the growing of five or more acres of potatoes.

(f) The term "promotion" means any action taken by the National Potato Promotion Board, pursuant to this chapter, to present a favorable image for potatoes to the public with the express intent of improving their competitive positions and stimulating sales of potatoes and shall include, but shall not be limited to, paid advertising.

(g) The term "importer" means any person who imports tablestock, frozen, or processed potatoes for ultimate consumption by humans or seed potatoes into the United States.

(Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §303, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2041; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1937, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3866.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1937(1), substituted "50" for "forty-eight contiguous" and inserted before the period at the end ", and grown in foreign countries and imported into the United States".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–624, §1937(2), added subsec. (g).
7 U.S.C. § 136t (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6: INSECTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Subchapter II: ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Section 136t: Delegation and cooperation
Delegation and cooperation
Status: in_force

(a) Delegation

All authority vested in the Administrator by virtue of the provisions of this subchapter may with like force and effect be executed by such employees of the Environmental Protection Agency as the Administrator may designate for the purpose.

(b) Cooperation

The Administrator shall cooperate with Department of Agriculture, any other Federal agency, and any appropriate agency of any State or any political subdivision thereof, in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, and in securing uniformity of regulations.

(June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §22, as added Pub. L. 92–516, §2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 996.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–516, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1040 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1040: Farmers' Home Administration funds account
Farmers' Home Administration funds account
Status: in_force

When authorized by appropriation or other law, funds of the Farmers' Home Administration available for administrative expenses may be placed in a single account.

(Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 950, §9(b), 70 Stat. 1034.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1956, and not as part of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which constitutes a major part of this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1707 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter II: ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE AND FOOD SECURITY / Section 1707: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, acts July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title I, §107, 68 Stat. 457; Oct. 8, 1964, Pub. L. 88–638, §1(11), 78 Stat. 1036; Sept. 6, 1965, Pub. L. 89–171, pt. III, §401, 79 Stat. 662; Nov. 11, 1966, Pub. L. 89–808, §2(B), 80 Stat. 1532, relating to policy of encouraging overseas sales of commodities, was omitted in the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3633.
7 U.S.C. § 2615 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 58: POTATO RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2615: Finding and issuance of plan
Finding and issuance of plan
Status: in_force

After notice and opportunity for hearing, the Secretary shall issue a plan if he finds, and sets forth in such plan, upon the evidence introduced at such hearing, that the issuance of such plan and all the terms and conditions thereof will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §306, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2042.)
7 U.S.C. § 2205 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2205: Duties of former Commissioner of Agriculture transferred to Secretary
Duties of former Commissioner of Agriculture transferred to Secretary
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to perform all the duties named in all Acts of Congress in force on February 8, 1889, to be performed by the Commissioner of Agriculture.

(Mar. 2, 1889, ch. 373, 25 Stat. 840; July 14, 1890, ch. 707, 26 Stat. 288.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 515 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3319h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter X: FUNDING AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 3319h: Funds for research facilities
Funds for research facilities
Status: in_force

In fiscal year 2003 and thereafter, funds may be received from any State, other political subdivision, organization, or individual for the purpose of establishing any research facility of the Agricultural Research Service, as authorized by law.

(Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 17.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2003, and also as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003, and not as part of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 107–76, title I, Nov. 29, 2001, 115 Stat. 709.

Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title I], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–6.

Pub. L. 106–78, title I, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1140.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–5.

Pub. L. 105–86, title I, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2084.

Pub. L. 104–180, title I, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1574.

Pub. L. 104–37, title I, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 304.

Pub. L. 103–330, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2440.

Pub. L. 103–111, title I, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1051.

Pub. L. 102–341, title I, Aug. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 878.
7 U.S.C. § 914 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter I: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION / Section 914: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this chapter, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title I, §14, 49 Stat. 1367; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 776, §2, 63 Stat. 948.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1949—Act Oct. 28, 1949, inserted "title I," in credit of act May 20, 1936.
7 U.S.C. § 1625 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1625: Transfer and consolidation of functions, powers, bureaus, etc.
Transfer and consolidation of functions, powers, bureaus, etc.
Status: in_force

In order to facilitate administration and to increase the effectiveness of the marketing research, service, and regulatory work of the Department of Agriculture to the fullest extent practicable, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, to transfer, group, coordinate, and consolidate the functions, powers, duties, and authorities of each and every agency, division, bureau, service, section, or other administrative unit in the Department of Agriculture primarily concerned with research, service, or regulatory activities in connection with the marketing, transportation, storage, processing, distribution of, or service or regulatory activities in connection with, the utilization of, agricultural products, into a single administrative agency. In making such changes as may be necessary to carry out effectively the purposes of this chapter, the records, property, personnel, and funds of such agencies, divisions, bureaus, services, sections, or other administrative units in the Department of Agriculture affected are authorized to be transferred to and used by such administrative agency to which the transfer may be made, but such unexpended balances of appropriations so transferred shall be used only for the purposes for which such appropriations were made.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §206, 60 Stat. 1090.)
7 U.S.C. § 8319 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 109: ANIMAL HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 8319: Surveillance of zoonotic diseases
Surveillance of zoonotic diseases
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Health and Human Services, through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs and the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Secretary of Agriculture shall coordinate the surveillance of zoonotic diseases.

(Pub. L. 107–188, title III, §313, June 12, 2002, 116 Stat. 674.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, and not as part of the Animal Health Protection Act which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 5814 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter I: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 5814: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part $40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2023. Of amounts appropriated to carry out this part for a fiscal year, not less than $15,000,000, or not less than two thirds of any such appropriation, whichever is greater, shall be used to carry out sections 5811 and 5812 of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3739; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §408, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7201, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7201, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4803.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Pub. L. 113–79, in first sentence, struck out "$40,000,000 for each fiscal year" after "appropriated" and inserted "$40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2018" after "part".

1991—Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "and 5812" for "and 5813".
7 U.S.C. § 1610 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1610: Effective date
Effective date
Status: in_force

This chapter shall take effect as follows: As to agricultural seeds, and the importation of vegetable seeds, on the one hundred and eightieth day after August 9, 1939; as to vegetable seeds in interstate commerce, one year after August 9, 1939; and as to sections 1591 to 1593 of this title, on August 9, 1939.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, §420, 53 Stat. 1290.)
7 U.S.C. § 6103 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 90: MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6103: Issuance of orders
Issuance of orders
Status: in_force

(a) In general

To effectuate the declared policy of section 6101(b) of this title, the Secretary, subject to the procedures provided in subsection (b), shall issue orders under this chapter applicable to producers, importers, and first handlers of mushrooms. Any such order shall be national in scope. Not more than one order shall be in effect under this chapter at any one time.

(b) Procedures

(1) Issuance of an order

The Secretary may propose the issuance of an order under this chapter, or an association of mushroom producers or any other person that will be affected by this chapter may request the issuance of, and submit a proposal for, such an order.

(2) Publication of order

Not later than 60 days after the receipt of a request and proposal by an interested person for an order, or when the Secretary determines to propose an order, the Secretary shall publish the proposed order and give due notice and opportunity for public comment on the proposed order.

(3) Issuance of order

After notice and opportunity for public comment are given, as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall issue the order, taking into consideration the comments received and including in the order provisions necessary to ensure that the order is in conformity with the requirements of this chapter. Such order shall be issued and, if approved by producers and importers of mushrooms as provided in section 6105(a) of this title, shall become effective not later than 180 days following publication of the proposed order.

(c) Amendments

(1) In general

The Secretary, from time to time, may amend any order issued under this section.

(2) Application of chapter

The provisions of this chapter applicable to an order shall be applicable to amendments to the order.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1924, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3856.)
7 U.S.C. § 286 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 11: HONEYBEES / Section 286: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(Aug. 31, 1922, ch. 301, §5, as added Pub. L. 94–319, §3, June 25, 1976, 90 Stat. 710.)
7 U.S.C. § 2279j (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2279j: Conversion authority
Conversion authority
Status: in_force

The Secretary may, notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, governing appointments in the competitive or excepted service, noncompetitively convert to an appointment in the competitive service, in an agency or office within the Department of Agriculture, a recent graduate or student who is a United States citizen and has been awarded and successfully completed a scholarship program granted to the individual by the Department through the 1890 National Scholars Program or the 1994 Tribal Scholars Program carried out by the Department, provided the individual meets the requirements for such conversion and meets Office of Personnel Management qualification standards, as determined by the Secretary. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed as requiring the Secretary to convert an individual under the authority under such sentence.

(Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12519, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5001.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definition of "Secretary"

"Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 2 of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 9001 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7995 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter VI: ADMINISTRATION / Section 7995: Assignment of payments
Assignment of payments
Status: in_force

The provisions of section 590h(g) of title 16, relating to assignment of payments, shall apply to payments made under the authority of this Act. The producer making the assignment, or the assignee, shall provide the Secretary with notice, in such manner as the Secretary may require, of any assignment made under this section.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1612, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 219.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 107–171, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 134, known as the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7901 of this title and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 413 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 413: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 413 was transferred to section 475 of this title and subsequently repealed.
7 U.S.C. § 3409 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 65: WHEAT AND WHEAT FOODS RESEARCH AND NUTRITION EDUCATION / Section 3409: Petition and review
Petition and review
Status: in_force

(a) Petition; hearing; ruling

Any person subject to any order may file a written petition with the Secretary, stating that any such order or any provision of such order or any obligation imposed in connection therewith is not in accordance with law and praying for a modification thereof or for an exemption therefrom. The petitioner shall thereupon be given an opportunity for a hearing upon such petition, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary. After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling upon the prayer of such petition which shall be final, if in accordance with law.

(b) Judicial review; jurisdiction; process; remand

The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person is an inhabitant, or has his principal place of business, are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review such ruling, provided a complaint for that purpose is filed within twenty days from the date of the entry of such ruling. Service of process in such proceedings may be had upon the Secretary by delivering a copy of the complaint to the Secretary. If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, it shall remand such proceedings to the Secretary with directions either (1) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law, or (2) to take such further proceedings as, in its opinion, the law requires.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVII, §1710, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1037.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1611 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter V: SALE OF UNCERTIFIED SEED OF PROTECTED VARIETY / Section 1611: Illegal sales of uncertified seed
Illegal sales of uncertified seed
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful in the United States or in interstate or foreign commerce to sell or offer for sale or advertise, by variety name, seed not certified by an official seed certifying agency, when it is a variety for which a certificate of plant variety protection under the Plant Variety Protection Act [7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.] specifies sale only as a class of certified seed: Provided, That seed from a certified lot may be labeled as to variety name when used in a mixture by, or with the approval of, the owners of the variety.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title V, §501, as added Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §142(a), Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1558; amended Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1118, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1272.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Plant Variety Protection Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 91–577, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1542, which is classified principally to chapter 57 (§2321 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2321 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 substituted "sell or offer for sale or advertise, by variety name, seed" for "sell by variety name seed", "certifying agency, when" for "certifying agency when", and "owners of the variety" for "owner of the variety".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 24, 1970, see section 141 of Pub. L. 91–577, set out as a note under section 2321 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 801 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 29: POTATO ACT OF 1935 / Section 801: Repealed. Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106
Repealed. Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106
Status: repealed

Sections, act Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §§201–233, 49 Stat. 782–793, related to potato control.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Collection of Unpaid Taxes

Act Mar. 2, 1936, ch. 112, 49 Stat. 1155, amending act Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106, provided that no tax, civil penalty, or interest which accrued under any provision of law repealed by said act Feb. 10, 1936, and which was uncollected on date of enactment of said act Feb. 10, 1936, was to be collected; and all liens for taxes, civil penalties, or interest arising out of taxes under such provisions of law were canceled and released.

Appropriations for Refunds and Payments of Processing and Related Taxes and Limitations Thereon

Acts June 25, 1938, ch. 681, 52 Stat. 1150; May 6, 1939, ch. 115, §1, 53 Stat. 661, 662; Feb. 12, 1940, ch. 28, §1, 54 Stat. 36; Mar. 25, 1940, ch. 71, title I, 54 Stat. 61; May 31, 1941, ch. 156, title I, §1, 55 Stat. 218; Mar. 10, 1942, ch. 178, title I, §1, 56 Stat. 156; June 30, 1943, ch. 179, title I, 57 Stat. 257; Apr. 22, 1944, ch. 175, title I, §1, 58 Stat. 201; Apr. 24, 1945, ch. 92, title I, 59 Stat. 62; July 20, 1946, ch. 588, title I, 60 Stat. 574.
7 U.S.C. § 2012a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 51: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Section 2012a: Publicly operated community health centers
Publicly operated community health centers
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the provisions of subsections (f) and (i) 1 of section 2012 of this title and section 2019 of this title, concerning private, nonprofit drug addiction or alcohol treatment and rehabilitation programs, shall henceforth also be applicable to publicly operated community health centers.

(Pub. L. 99–88, title I, §100, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 297.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subsections (f) and (i) of section 2012 of this title, referred to in text, were redesignated subsecs. (h) and (n), respectively, by Pub. L. 110–246, title IV, §4115(b)(1)(M), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1867. Subsec. (n) was subsequently redesignated (m) by Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4030(a)(4), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 813.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1985, and not as part of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Reference to Community, Migrant, Public Housing, or Homeless Health Center Considered Reference to Health Center

Reference to community health center, migrant health center, public housing health center, or homeless health center considered reference to health center, see section 4(c) of Pub. L. 104–299, set out as a note under section 254b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 5606 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5606: Implementation of commitments under Uruguay Round Agreements
Implementation of commitments under Uruguay Round Agreements
Status: in_force

Not later than September 30 of each year, the Secretary shall evaluate whether the obligations undertaken by foreign countries under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture are being fully implemented. If the Secretary has reason to believe (based on the evaluation) that any foreign country, by not implementing the obligations of the country, may be significantly constraining an opportunity for United States agricultural exports, the Secretary shall—

(1) submit the evaluation to the United States Trade Representative; and

(2) transmit a copy of the evaluation to the Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on Ways and Means, of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, and the Committee on Finance, of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 95–501, title I, §106, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §242(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 964.)
7 U.S.C. § 957 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 32: PEANUT STATISTICS / Section 957: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter—

(1) The term "person" includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations;

(2) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(June 24, 1936, ch. 745, §7, 49 Stat. 1899.)
7 U.S.C. § 608f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 608f: Repealed. Pub. L. 89-106, §9, Aug. 4, 1965, 79 Stat. 432
Repealed. Pub. L. 89-106, §9, Aug. 4, 1965, 79 Stat. 432
Status: repealed

Section, act May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §8f, formerly §8(5), 48 Stat. 34; renumbered §8f and amended Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §7, 49 Stat. 762; Oct. 8, 1940, ch. 759, 54 Stat. 1019, prohibited, except in specified cases, the shipment of grain from public grain warehouses to other warehouse without cancellation of warehouse receipts to avoid conflict with other laws regulating warehousemen.
7 U.S.C. § 619a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 619a: Cotton tax, time for payment
Cotton tax, time for payment
Status: in_force

The processing tax authorized by section 609 of this title, when levied upon cotton, shall be payable ninety days after the filing of the processor's report: Provided, That, under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, the time for payment of such tax upon cotton may be extended, but in no case to exceed six months from the date of the filing of the report.

(May 17, 1935, ch. 131, title I, §2, 49 Stat. 281.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act which comprises this chapter.

Constitutionality

Unconstitutionality of processing and floor stock taxes, see note set out under section 616 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Separability

Validity of remainder of this chapter as not affected should any of the provisions of this chapter be declared unconstitutional, see section 614 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1431b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1431b: Distribution of surplus commodities to other United States areas
Distribution of surplus commodities to other United States areas
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law those areas under the jurisdiction or administration of the United States are authorized to receive from the Department of Agriculture for distribution on the same basis as domestic distribution in any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, without exchange of funds, such surplus commodities as may be available pursuant to clause (2) of section 612c of this title and section 1431 of this title.

(Pub. L. 85–931, §9, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1792; Pub. L. 87–703, title II, §204, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 89–808, §3(a), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1538.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1949 which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of the 1949 Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1966—Pub. L. 89–808 struck out special authority of the Commodity Credit Corporation for purchase of fats and oils for donation abroad, now included in the general authority provided by section 1721 et seq. of this title.

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 inserted "and in nonprofit school lunch programs" after "needy persons".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–808, §3(a), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1538, provided that the amendment made by section 3(a) is effective Jan. 1, 1967.
7 U.S.C. § 361b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 361b: Congressional statement of policy; researches, investigations and experiments
Congressional statement of policy; researches, investigations and experiments
Status: in_force

It is further the policy of the Congress to promote the efficient production, marketing, distribution, and utilization of products of the farm as essential to the health and welfare of our peoples and to promote a sound and prosperous agriculture and rural life as indispensable to the maintenance of maximum employment and national prosperity and security. It is also the intent of Congress to assure agriculture a position in research equal to that of industry, which will aid in maintaining an equitable balance between agriculture and other segments of our economy. It shall be the object and duty of the State agricultural experiment stations through the expenditure of the appropriations hereinafter authorized to conduct original and other researches, investigations, and experiments bearing directly on and contributing to the establishment and maintenance of a permanent and effective agricultural industry of the United States, including researches basic to the problems of agriculture in its broadest aspects, and such investigations as have for their purpose the development and improvement of the rural home and rural life and the maximum contribution by agriculture to the welfare of the consumer, as may be deemed advisable, having due regard to the varying conditions and needs of the respective States.

(Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, §2, 24 Stat. 440; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §1, 69 Stat. 671.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 363 of this title.

Amendments

1955—Act Aug. 11, 1955, amended section generally to restate the policy of Congress.
7 U.S.C. § 496 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 20: DUMPING OR DESTRUCTION OF INTERSTATE PRODUCE / Section 496: Validity of other statutes dealing with same subject
Validity of other statutes dealing with same subject
Status: in_force

This chapter shall not abrogate nor nullify any other statute, whether State or Federal, dealing with the same subjects as this chapter, but it is intended that all such statutes shall remain in full force and effect, except insofar only as they are inconsistent herewith or repugnant hereto.

(Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 309, §3, 44 Stat. 1355.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section constitutes part of section 3 of act Mar. 3, 1927. Remainder of section 3 is classified to sections 494 and 495 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1949 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter II: OPERATING LOANS / Section 1949: Graduation of borrowers with operating loans or guarantees to private commercial credit
Graduation of borrowers with operating loans or guarantees to private commercial credit
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall establish a plan, in coordination with activities under sections 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, and 2006d of this title, to encourage each borrower with an outstanding loan under this subchapter or with respect to whom there is an outstanding guarantee under this subchapter to graduate to private commercial or other sources of credit.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §319, as added Pub. L. 102–554, §9, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4150; amended Pub. L. 104–127, title VI, §617, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1090; Pub. L. 113–79, title V, §5107, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 838.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–79 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading before "The Secretary" and struck out subsec. (b) which related to limitation on period borrowers were eligible for guaranteed assistance under this subchapter and contained transition rule.

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127 added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which provided for limitation on period for which borrowers were eligible for assistance under this subchapter and contained transition rule.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Suspension of Limitation on Period for Which Borrowers Are Eligible for Guaranteed Assistance

Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5102, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 343, as amended by Pub. L. 109–467, §1, Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3485; Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §5103, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §5103, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1908, provided for the suspension of former 7 U.S.C. 1949(b) limitation on period borrowers were eligible for guaranteed assistance, beginning Jan. 1, 2002, and ending Dec. 31, 2010.