20 U.S.C. § 5604 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 66: MORRIS K. UDALL AND STEWART L. UDALL FOUNDATION / Section 5604: Purpose of Foundation
Purpose of Foundation
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of the Foundation to—

(1) increase awareness of the importance of and promote the benefit and enjoyment of the Nation's natural resources;

(2) foster among the American population greater recognition and understanding of the role of the environment, public lands and resources in the development of the United States;

(3) identify critical environmental issues;

(4) establish a program for environmental policy research at the Center and a program for environmental conflict resolution and training at the National Center;

(5) develop resources to properly train professionals in the environmental, natural resource, conflict resolution, and related fields;

(6) provide educational outreach regarding environmental policy;

(7) develop resources at the Native Nations Institute to properly train Native American and Alaska Native professionals in health care and public policy, by providing education to and conducting management and leadership training of Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and others involved in tribal leadership, providing assistance and resources for policy analysis, and carrying out other appropriate activities.; 1

(8) establish as part of the Foundation the John S. McCain III National Center for Environmental Conflict Resolution to assist the Federal Government in implementing section 4331 of title 42 by providing assessment, mediation, and other related services to resolve environmental issues, conflicts, and disputes involving agencies and instrumentalities of the United States; and

(9) complement the direction established by the President in Executive Order No. 12988 (61 Fed. Reg. 4729; relating to civil justice reform).

(Pub. L. 102–259, §6, Mar. 19, 1992, 106 Stat. 80; Pub. L. 105–156, §4, Feb. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 106–568, title VIII, §817(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2918; Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title III, §304, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3187.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order No. 12988, referred to in par. (9), is set out as a note under section 519 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendments

2019—Par. (4). Pub. L. 116–94, §304(1), substituted "establish a program for environmental policy research at the Center and a program for environmental conflict resolution and training at the National Center" for "establish a Program for Environmental Policy Research and Environmental Conflict Resolution and Training at the Center".

Par. (5). Pub. L. 116–94, §304(2), inserted ", natural resource, conflict resolution," after "environmental".

Par. (7). Pub. L. 116–94, §304(3), inserted "at the Native Nations Institute" after "develop resources" and "providing education to and" after "policy, by".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 116–94, §304(4), substituted "John S. McCain III National Center for Environmental Conflict Resolution" for "United States Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution" and "resolve environmental issues, conflicts, and" for "resolve environmental".

2000—Par. (7). Pub. L. 106–568 inserted before semicolon at end ", by conducting management and leadership training of Native Americans, Alaska Natives, and others involved in tribal leadership, providing assistance and resources for policy analysis, and carrying out other appropriate activities."

1998—Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–156, §4(1), substituted "Environmental Conflict Resolution and Training" for "an Environmental Conflict Resolution".

Pars. (8), (9). Pub. L. 105–156, §4(2)–(4), added pars. (8) and (9).

1 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
20 U.S.C. § 845 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter II: SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL CENTERS AND SERVICES / Section 845: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 845, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §307, formerly §305, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 43, renumbered and amended Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §131, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §131(a)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 139; Pub. L. 93–380, title I, §103(d), title IV, §402(c)(2)(iii), title VIII, §843(a)(2), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 502, 546, 611; Pub. L. 94–482, title III, §323(a)(2), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2217, which related to the payments to States to carry out plans for supplementary educational centers and services, was omitted in the general revision of title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 39, by Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2210.

Section 846, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §306, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 43, required the establishment of an Advisory Committee on Supplementary Educational Centers and Services in the Office of Education, specified its membership and functions and provided for the compensation of its members, and was omitted in the general reorganization of this subchapter by Pub. L. 90–247.

Sections 847 and 847a were omitted in the general revision of title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 39, by Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2210.

Section 847, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §308, formerly §307, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 44, renumbered Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §131, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 797; amended Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §131(a)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 140, related to the recovery of payments to supplementary educational centers and services.

Section 847a, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §309, as added Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §131, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 797; amended Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §131(a)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 140; Pub. L. 93–380, title VIII, §845(b), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 94–273, §3(8), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 376; Pub. L. 95–112, §2(c)(3), Sept. 24, 1977, 91 Stat. 911, provided for the establishment of a National Advisory Council on Supplementary Centers and Services.

Section 848, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §310, formerly §308, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 44, renumbered Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §131, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 798, which related to labor standards for grant-assisted construction projects, was eliminated in the general amendment of this subchapter by section 131(a)(1) of Pub. L. 91–230. See section 1232b of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7926 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7926: Prohibition on aiding and abetting sexual abuse
Prohibition on aiding and abetting sexual abuse
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A State, State educational agency, or local educational agency in the case of a local educational agency that receives Federal funds under this chapter shall have laws, regulations, or policies that prohibit any individual who is a school employee, contractor, or agent, or any State educational agency or local educational agency, from assisting a school employee, contractor, or agent in obtaining a new job, apart from the routine transmission of administrative and personnel files, if the individual or agency knows, or has probable cause to believe, that such school employee, contractor, or agent engaged in sexual misconduct regarding a minor or student in violation of the law.

(b) Exception

The requirements of subsection (a) shall not apply if the information giving rise to probable cause—

(1)(A) has been properly reported to a law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the alleged misconduct; and

(B) has been properly reported to any other authorities as required by Federal, State, or local law, including title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) and the regulations implementing such title under part 106 of title 34, Code of Federal Regulations, or any succeeding regulations; and

(2)(A) the matter has been officially closed or the prosecutor or police with jurisdiction over the alleged misconduct has investigated the allegations and notified school officials that there is insufficient information to establish probable cause that the school employee, contractor, or agent engaged in sexual misconduct regarding a minor or student in violation of the law;

(B) the school employee, contractor, or agent has been charged with, and acquitted or otherwise exonerated of the alleged misconduct; or

(C) the case or investigation remains open and there have been no charges filed against, or indictment of, the school employee, contractor, or agent within 4 years of the date on which the information was reported to a law enforcement agency.

(c) Prohibition

The Secretary shall not have the authority to mandate, direct, or control the specific measures adopted by a State, State educational agency, or local educational agency under this section.

(d) Construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a State from adopting, or to override a State law, regulation, or policy that provides, greater or additional protections to prohibit any individual who is a school employee, contractor, or agent, or any State educational agency or local educational agency, from assisting a school employee who engaged in sexual misconduct regarding a minor or student in violation of the law in obtaining a new job.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8546, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8038, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2120.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Education Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235. Title IX of the Act, known as the Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1681 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6621 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6621: Reservations
Reservations
Status: in_force

From the amounts appropriated under section 6603(b) of this title for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve—

(1) to carry out activities authorized under subpart 1—

(A) 49.1 percent for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2019; and

(B) 47 percent for fiscal year 2020;

(2) to carry out activities authorized under subpart 2—

(A) 34.1 percent for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2019; and

(B) 36.8 percent for fiscal year 2020;

(3) to carry out activities authorized under subpart 3, 1.4 percent for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020; and

(4) to carry out activities authorized under subpart 4—

(A) 15.4 percent for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2019; and

(B) 14.8 percent for fiscal year 2020.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2201, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1930.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 6621 to 6623 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6621, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2121, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1627, related to allocations to local educational agencies.

Another prior section 6621, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2101, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3614; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §709(b)(3)(A)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–313, authorized professional development program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 2201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6661 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Another prior section 2201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6641 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 2201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3011 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Section 6622, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2122, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1628, related to local applications and needs assessment.

Another prior section 6622, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2102, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3615, related to authorized professional development activities, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6623, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2123, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1630, related to local use of funds.

Another prior section 6623, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2103, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3617, related to National Teacher Training Project, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6063 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter X: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 6063: Study of Goals 2000 and students with disabilities
Study of Goals 2000 and students with disabilities
Status: in_force

(a) Study required

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after March 31, 1994, the Secretary shall make appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences or the National Academy of Education to conduct a comprehensive study of the inclusion of children with disabilities in school reform activities assisted under the Goals 2000: Educate America Act [20 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.].

(2) "Children with disabilities" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "children with disabilities" has the same meaning given such term in section 1401 of this title.

(b) Study components

The study conducted under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) an evaluation of the National Education Goals and objectives, curriculum reforms, standards, and other programs and activities intended to achieve those goals;

(2) a review of the adequacy of assessments and measures used to gauge progress towards meeting National Education Goals and any national and State standards, and an examination of other methods or accommodations necessary or desirable to collect data on the educational progress of children with disabilities, and the costs of such methods and accommodations;

(3) an examination of what incentives or assistance might be provided to States to develop improvement plans that adequately address the needs of children with disabilities;

(4) the relation of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act [20 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.] to other Federal laws governing or affecting the education of children with disabilities; and

(5) such other issues as the National Academy of Sciences or the National Academy of Education considers appropriate.

(c) Study panel membership

Any panel constituted in furtherance of the study to be conducted under subsection (a) shall include consumer representatives.

(d) Findings and recommendations

The Secretary shall request the National Academy of Sciences or the National Academy of Education to submit an interim report of its findings and recommendations to the President and Congress not later than 12 months, and a final report not later than 24 months, from the date of the completion of procurement relating to the study.

(e) Funding

From funds appropriated to the Secretary for research related to individuals with disabilities the Secretary shall make available $600,000 for fiscal year 1994, and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1995, to carry out this section. Amounts made available under this subsection shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–227, title X, §1015, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 266.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Goals 2000: Educate America Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(4), is Pub. L. 103–227, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 125 (except titles V and IX), which is classified principally to this chapter (except subchapters V (§5931 et seq.) and IX (§6001 et seq.)). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of this title and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 4509 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 57: JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 4509: Fellowship conditions
Fellowship conditions
Status: in_force

(a) A student awarded a Madison Fellowship shall continue to receive payments only during such periods as the Foundation finds that the student is maintaining satisfactory progress in an approved program of study or research. Recipients of junior fellowships shall devote essentially full time to their program of study.

(b) The Foundation is authorized to require reports from any fellowship recipient containing such information, in such form, and to be filed at such times as the Foundation determines to be necessary. Such reports shall be accompanied by a certificate from an appropriate official at the institution of higher education, approved by the Foundation, stating that such student is making satisfactory progress in a program of study or research, with such exceptions as the Foundation may establish.

(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title VIII, §810], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–79, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title VIII, §810], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–79.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
20 U.S.C. § 803a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 23: TRAINING AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / Section 803a: Project grants and contracts
Project grants and contracts
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization; purposes; application

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to or contracts with institutions of higher education, or combinations of such institutions, to assist them in planning, developing, strengthening, improving, or carrying out programs or projects (1) for the preparation of graduate or professional students in the fields of city and regional planning and management, housing, and urban affairs, or (2) for research into, or development or demonstration of, improved methods of education for these professions. Such grants or contracts may include payment of all or part of the cost of programs or projects.

(b) Contents; use of payments

(1) A grant or contract authorized by this section shall be made only upon application to the Secretary at such time or times and containing such information as he may prescribe, except that no such application shall be approved unless it—

(A) sets forth programs, activities, research, or development for which a grant is authorized under this section;

(B) provides for such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures as may be necessary to assure proper disbursement of and accounting for Federal funds paid to the applicant under this subsection; and

(C) provides for making such reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Secretary may require to carry out his functions under this subsection, and for keeping such records and for affording such access thereto as the Secretary may find necessary to assure the correctness and verification of such reports.

(2) Payments under this section may be used, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an application approved under paragraph (1), to pay part of the compensation of students employed in professions referred to in subsection (a)(1), except students employed in any branch of the Government of the United States, as part of a program for which a grant has been approved pursuant to this subsection.

(Pub. L. 88–560, title VIII, §804, as added Pub. L. 93–383, title IV, §402(c)(2), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 692.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 93–383, §402, provided for amendments to title VIII of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1964. The amendments of the enumerated sections of such title VIII have been executed to comparable sections of title VIII of the Housing Act of 1964 as the probable intent of Congress.
20 U.S.C. § 2811 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: BASIC PROGRAMS / Section 2811: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 2811, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1291, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 186, related to reservation of funds for territories.

A prior section 2811, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §164, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2183; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to approval of applications by State educational agencies, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2812, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1292, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 186, related to dual eligibility for programs.

Prior sections 2812 to 2817 were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2812, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §165, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2184; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to State rulemaking.

Section 2813, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §166, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2184, related to technical assistance and dissemination of information.

Section 2814, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §167, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2184; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to monitoring.

Section 2815, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §168, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2185; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to resolution of complaints.

Section 2816, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §169, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2185; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to withholding of payments.

Section 2817, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §170, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2186; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to audits and audit resolution.
20 U.S.C. § 1011 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1011: Antidiscrimination
Antidiscrimination
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Institutions of higher education receiving Federal financial assistance may not use such financial assistance, directly or indirectly, to undertake any study or project or fulfill the terms of any contract containing an express or implied provision that any person or persons of a particular race, religion, sex, or national origin be barred from performing such study, project, or contract, except that nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit an institution from conducting objective studies or projects concerning the nature, effects, or prevention of discrimination, or to have the institution's curriculum restricted on the subject of discrimination.

(b) Limitations on statutory construction

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the rights or responsibilities of any individual under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.], the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.], or any other law.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1590; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title I, §101(b)(2), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1935.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1142 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.

A prior section 1011, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title I, §101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 461, stated congressional findings and purposes of articulation agreements grant program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1011, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title I, §101, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1279, related to institutional development, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 1011, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title I, §101(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1377, stated Congressional findings with respect to education outreach programs, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 1011, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §114, formerly §111, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1224, renumbered §112 and amended Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §§102(a)(1), 131(d)(2)(A), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 236, 260, renumbered §113, Pub. L. 93–29, title VIII, §803, May 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 59, renumbered §114, Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §101(e), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2085, prohibited the giving of grants for programs relating to sectarian instruction or worship, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted "with" for "With".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 611 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 18: GRANTS FOR TEACHING IN THE EDUCATION OF HANDICAPPED CHILDREN / Section 611: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title VI, §662(2), (4), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 188
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title VI, §662(2), (4), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 188
Status: repealed

Section 611, Pub. L. 85–926, §1, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 88–164, title III, §301(a)(1)–(3), (b), Oct. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 294; Pub. L. 90–576, title III, §304, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1096, authorized grants to public or non-profit institutions and enumerated certain uses of the grants.

Section 612, Pub. L. 85–926, §2, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 86–158, title II, §201, Aug. 14, 1959, 73 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 88–164, title III, §301(a)(3), Oct. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 294, authorized grants to State educational agencies for fellowships.

Section 613, Pub. L. 85–926, §3, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 88–164, title III, §301(a)(4), Oct. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 294, related to payment of grants.

Section 614, Pub. L. 85–926, §4, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777, required submission of report to Commissioner, including financial statement.

Section 615, Pub. L. 85–926, §5, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 89–105, §7, Aug. 4, 1965, 79 Stat. 430, defined terms "nonprofit institution", "State educational agency" and "State".

Section 616, Pub. L. 85–926, §6, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777, authorized delegation of functions.

Section 617, Pub. L. 85–926, §7, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 88–164, title III, §301(a)(4), Oct. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 294; Pub. L. 89–105, §8, Aug. 4, 1965, 79 Stat. 430; Pub. L. 90–170, §6, Dec. 4, 1967, 81 Stat. 530, authorized appropriations of $19,500,000; $29,500,000; $34,000,000; $37,500,000; and $55,000,000 for fiscal years ending June 30, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, and 1970, respectively.

Section 618, Pub. L. 88–164, title III, §302, Oct. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 295; Pub. L. 89–105, §§4, 5, Aug. 4, 1965, 79 Stat. 429, 430; Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §156, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 805, related to research and demonstration projects: authorization of appropriations, installments, advances, or reimbursements, and conditions; advisory committees; panel or experts; compensation and travel expenses; delegation of functions; construction, equipping and operation of facilities; wages of laborers and authority and functions of Secretary of Labor; definition of "construction" and "cost of construction"; and definition of "research and related purposes".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1971, see section 662 of Pub. L. 91–230.
20 U.S.C. § 1713 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter I: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES / Section 1713: Priority of remedies
Priority of remedies
Status: in_force

In formulating a remedy for a denial of equal educational opportunity or a denial of the equal protection of the laws, which may involve directly or indirectly the transportation of students, a court, department, or agency of the United States shall consider and make specific findings on the efficacy in correcting such denial of the following remedies and shall require implementation of the first of the remedies set out below, or of the first combination thereof which would remedy such denial:

(a) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account school capacities and natural physical barriers;

(b) assigning students to the schools closest to their places of residence which provide the appropriate grade level and type of education for such students, taking into account only school capacities;

(c) permitting students to transfer from a school in which a majority of the students are of their race, color, or national origin to a school in which a minority of the students are of their race, color, or national origin;

(d) the creation or revision of attendance zones or grade structures without requiring transportation beyond that described in section 1714 of this title;

(e) the construction of new schools or the closing of inferior schools;

(f) the construction or establishment of magnet schools; or

(g) the development and implementation of any other plan which is educationally sound and administratively feasible, subject to the provisions of sections 1714 and 1715 of this title.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §214, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 517.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2503 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 45: CAREER EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: CAREER EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES / Section 2503: Administration by Office of Career Education
Administration by Office of Career Education
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall be carried out by the Secretary of Education through the Office of Career Education established pursuant to section 2612a(c) of this title.

(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, §333, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2222; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2612a of this title, referred to in text, has been omitted from the Code.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

"Secretary of Education" substituted in text for "Commissioner" pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.

For authority of Secretary of Education to consolidate, alter, or discontinue the Office of Career Education, or to reallocate any functions vested by statute in the Office, see section 413 of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3473 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 79d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter IX: CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA / Section 79d: Deposit of receipts into Treasury; disbursements
Deposit of receipts into Treasury; disbursements
Status: in_force

All moneys received by donation, subscription, fees, or otherwise, except the moneys appropriated pursuant to section 79e of this title, for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter shall be deposited into the Treasury as trust funds and are appropriated for such purposes. Disbursements of such funds shall be made by the Secretary of the Treasury through the Fiscal Service on requisitions or vouchers signed by or on authority of the Smithsonian Institution.

(July 2, 1940, ch. 516, §6, 54 Stat. 725; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, §1(a)(1), eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §801, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1101.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1386 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, 1281, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

"Smithsonian Institution" substituted in text for "executive officer of the Board of Directors of the Canal Zone Biological Area" by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, set out in the Appendix to Title 5.

"Fiscal Service" substituted in text for "Division of Disbursement" on authority of section 1(a)(1) of Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, which consolidated such division into Fiscal Service of Department of the Treasury. See section 306 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
20 U.S.C. § 1035 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT / Section 1035: Adjunct teacher corps
Adjunct teacher corps
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to create opportunities for professionals and other individuals with subject matter expertise in mathematics, science, or critical foreign languages to provide such subject matter expertise to secondary school students on an adjunct basis.

(b) Program authorized

The Secretary is authorized to award grants on a competitive basis to eligible entities to identify, recruit, and train qualified individuals with subject matter expertise in mathematics, science, or critical foreign languages to serve as adjunct content specialists.

(c) Duration of grants

The Secretary may award grants under this section for a period of not more than five years.

(d) Eligible entity

In this section, the term "eligible entity" means—

(1) a local educational agency; or

(2) a partnership consisting of a local educational agency, serving as a fiscal agent, and a public or private educational organization or business.

(e) Uses of funds

An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section is authorized to use such grant to carry out one or both of the following activities:

(1) To develop the capacity of the eligible entity to identify, recruit, and train individuals with subject matter expertise in mathematics, science, or critical foreign languages who are not employed in the elementary and secondary education system (including individuals in business and government, and individuals who would participate through distance-learning arrangements) to become adjunct content specialists.

(2) To provide preservice training and on-going professional development to adjunct content specialists.

(f) Applications

(1) Application required

An eligible entity that desires a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(2) Contents

An application submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a description of—

(i) the need for, and expected benefits of using, adjunct content specialists in the schools served by the local educational agency, which may include information on the difficulty the local educational agency faces in recruiting qualified faculty in mathematics, science, and critical foreign language courses;

(ii) measurable objectives for the activities supported by the grant, including the number of adjunct content specialists the eligible entity intends to place in schools and classrooms, and the gains in academic achievement expected as a result of the addition of such specialists;

(iii) how the eligible entity will establish criteria for and recruit the most qualified individuals and public or private organizations and businesses to participate in the activities supported by the grant;

(iv) how the eligible entity will provide preservice training and on-going professional development to adjunct content specialists to ensure that such specialists have the capacity to serve effectively;

(v) how the eligible entity will use funds received under this section, including how the eligible entity will evaluate the success of the activities supported by the grant; and

(vi) how the eligible entity will support and continue the activities supported by the grant after the grant has expired, including how such entity will seek support from other sources, such as State and local government and the private sector; and

(B) an assurance that the use of adjunct content specialists will not result in the displacement or transfer of currently employed teachers nor a reduction in the number of overall teachers in the district.

(g) Priorities

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities that demonstrate in the application for such a grant a plan to—

(1) serve the schools served by the local educational agency that have a large number or percentage of students performing below grade level in mathematics, science, or critical foreign language courses;

(2) serve local educational agencies that have a large number or percentage of students from low-income families; and

(3) recruit and train individuals to serve as adjunct content specialists in schools that have an insufficient number of teachers in mathematics, science, or critical foreign languages.

(h) Matching requirement

Each eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall provide, from non-Federal sources, an amount equal to 100 percent of the amount of such grant (in cash or in kind) to carry out the activities supported by such grant.

(i) Performance report

Each eligible entity receiving a grant under this section shall prepare and submit to the Secretary a final report on the results of the activities supported by such grant, which shall contain such information as the Secretary may require, including any improvements in student academic achievement as a result of the use of adjunct content specialists.

(j) Evaluation

The Secretary shall evaluate the activities supported by grants under this section, including the impact of such activities on student academic achievement, and shall report the results of such evaluation to the authorizing committees.

(k) Definition

In this section, the term "adjunct content specialist" means an individual who—

(1) meets the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title;

(2) has demonstrated expertise in mathematics, science, or a critical foreign language, as determined by the local educational agency; and

(3) is not the primary provider of instructional services to a student, unless the adjunct content specialist is under the direct supervision of a teacher who meets the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §255, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title II, §201(3), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3161; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9214(c)(10), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2164.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §9214(c)(10)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "meets the requirements of section 7801(23)(B)(ii) of this title;".

Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9214(c)(10)(B), substituted "teacher who meets the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title" for "teacher who meets the requirements of section 7801(23) of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 221 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 12: FOREIGN AND EXCHANGE STUDENTS / Section 221: Instructions of citizens from American republics; Government maintained professional educational institutions
Instructions of citizens from American republics; Government maintained professional educational institutions
Status: in_force

The President is authorized, in his discretion and under such regulations as he may prescribe by Executive order, to permit citizens of the American republics to receive instruction, with or without charge therefor, at professional educational institutions and schools maintained and administered by the Government of the United States or by departments or agencies thereof: Provided, That such citizens shall agree to comply with all regulations for the government of the institutions and schools at which they may be under instruction and to exert every effort to accomplish successfully the courses of instruction prescribed: And provided further, That the regulations prescribed by the President under the authority of this section shall contain provisions limiting the admission of citizens of the American republics to primary schools maintained and administered by the Government of the United States so that there will under no circumstances be any curtailment of the admission of citizens of the United States eligible to receive instruction therein.

(June 24, 1938, ch. 644, 52 Stat. 1034; July 14, 1941, ch. 292, 55 Stat. 589; June 26, 1946, ch. 493, §1, 60 Stat. 311.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section originally provided that "not more than one citizen of any American republic shall receive instruction at the same time in the United States Military Academy and not more than one in the United States Naval Academy." This phrase has been omitted in view of acts July 14, 1941, and June 26, 1946.
20 U.S.C. § 8701 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter XIII: SUPPORT AND ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE EDUCATION / Section 8701: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13401, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3886, which authorized technology-based technical assistance, was renumbered section 1031 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1024(a), (b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, 1988, transferred to section 6056 of this title, and subsequently repealed.
20 U.S.C. § 80p (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XII: MUSEUM OF AFRICAN ART / Section 80p: Funding
Funding
Status: in_force

(a) Federal funds for Museum

The faith of the United States is pledged that upon the completion of the acquisition in section 80k of this title, the United States will provide such funds as may be necessary for the upkeep of the Museum and the administrative expenses and costs of operation thereof, including the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board, so the Museum shall at all times be properly maintained and works of art contained therein shall be exhibited regularly to the general public free of charge.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated for the first fiscal year under this subchapter, the sum of $1,000,000 and such amounts as may be necessary for the succeeding fiscal years in order to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 95–414, §6, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 912.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective, except for the provisions in subsec. (b) of this section, on the date of transfer of a deed or other instrument under the provisions of section 80k of this title, see section 7 of Pub. L. 95–414, set out as a note under section 80k of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1234i (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234i: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter:

(1) The term "recipient" means a recipient of a grant or cooperative agreement under an applicable program.

(2) The term "applicable program" excludes programs authorized by the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and assistance programs provided under the Act of September 30, 1950 1 (Public Law 874, 81st Congress), and the Act of September 23, 1950 1 (Public Law 815, 81st Congress).

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §460, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 357.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§1001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Act of September 30, 1950 (Public Law 874, 81st Congress), referred to in par. (2), is act Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1124, 64 Stat. 1100, which was classified generally to chapter 13 (§236 et seq.) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §331(b), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Act of September 23, 1950 (Public Law 815, 81st Congress), referred to in par. (2), is act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, as amended generally by act Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, 72 Stat. 548, which was classified generally to chapter 19 (§631 et seq.) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §331(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1234 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 80h (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XI: WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS / Section 80h: Administration; quorum
Administration; quorum
Status: in_force

The Board is authorized to adopt an official seal which shall be judicially noticed and to make such bylaws, rules, and regulations as it deems necessary for the administration of its functions under this subchapter, including, among other matters, bylaws, rules, and regulations relating to the administration of its trust funds and the organization and procedure of the Board. A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

(Pub. L. 90–637, §6, formerly §5, Oct. 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 1359, renumbered Pub. L. 95–286, §1(1), May 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 278.)
20 U.S.C. § 9577 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9577: Vacancies
Vacancies
Status: in_force

Any member appointed to fill a vacancy on the Board occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A vacancy in an office, board, committee, or center of the Institute shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made. This section does not apply to employees appointed under section 9578 of this title.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §187, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1973.)
20 U.S.C. § 3702 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 50: NATIONAL CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE / Section 3702: Organization of Commission
Organization of Commission
Status: in_force

(a) Membership

The Commission shall be composed of fifteen members as follows:

(1) The Secretary of the Interior (or his designee).

(2) The Secretary of Education (or his designee).

(3) The Librarian of Congress (or his designee).

(4) The President of the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History.

(5) The presidents of Wilberforce University and Central State University in Ohio.

(6) Nine members appointed by the President, who are especially qualified to serve on the Commission by reason of their background and experience. No more than two members appointed under this paragraph shall be from any one State.

(b) Terms of office

Subject to subsection (c), the members of the Commission specified in paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a) shall serve for the life of the Commission. The members of the Commission appointed under paragraph (6) of such subsection shall serve for terms of four years, except that of the members first appointed—

(1) three shall be appointed for terms of one year;

(2) three shall be appointed for terms of two years; and

(3) three shall be appointed for terms of four years;

as designated by the President at the time of appointment.

(c) Membership continuation

If any member of the Commission who was appointed to the Commission under paragraphs (1) through (5) 1 as an officer designated under such paragraphs leaves such office, such member may continue as a member of the Commission for not longer than the thirty-day period beginning on the date he leaves that office.

(d) Vacancies

(1) Any vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.

(2) Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term. Members may be reappointed.

(e) Quorum

Six members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum.

(f) Voting

The Commission shall act by affirmative majority vote.

(g) Officers

The Commission shall elect a chairman and other officers from among its members to serve for terms established by the Commission.

(h) Meetings

The Commission shall meet at the call of the chairman or a majority of its members, but not less than two times each year. The headquarters of the Commission shall be at Wilberforce, Ohio, and the Commission shall conduct its meetings in such city unless circumstances otherwise require.

(i) Seal; bylaws; rules and regulations

The Commission may adopt an official seal which shall be judicially noticed and may make such bylaws, rules, and regulations as it considers necessary to carry out its functions under this chapter.

(j) Compensation

Members of the Commission shall serve without pay.

(k) Temporary services

The Commission may procure, subject to the availability of funds, temporary and intermittent services to the same extent as is authorized by section 3109(b) of title 5.

(l) Personnel details

Upon request of the Commission, and subject to the availability of funds, the head of any Federal agency may detail to the Commission on a reimbursable basis any of the personnel of such agency to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under this chapter.

(m) Administrative support services

The Administrator of the General Services Administration shall provide to the Commission on a reimbursable basis such administrative support services as the Commission may request to carry out its duties under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 96–430, title II, §203, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1847.)

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by "of subsection (a)".
20 U.S.C. § 80g (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XI: WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS / Section 80g: Powers and duties of Board
Powers and duties of Board
Status: in_force

(a) Appointment of scholars; gifts, bequests, etc.; grants; location of Center; physical facilities; compensation of officers; plans and specifications for Center

In administering the Center, the Board shall have all necessary and proper powers, which shall include but not be limited to the power to—

(1) appoint scholars, from the United States and abroad, and, where appropriate, provide stipends, grants, and fellowships to such scholars, and to hire or accept the voluntary services of consultants, advisory boards, and panels to aid the Board in carrying out its responsibilities;

(2) solicit, accept, and dispose of gifts, bequests, and devises of money, securities, and other property of whatsoever character for the benefit of the Center; any such money, securities, or other property shall, upon receipt, be deposited with the Smithsonian Institution, and unless otherwise restricted by the terms of the gift, expenditures shall be in the discretion of the Board for the purposes of the Center;

(3) obtain grants from, and make contracts with, State, Federal, local, and private agencies, organizations, institutions, and individuals;

(4) acquire such site as a location for the Center as may subsequently be authorized by the Congress;

(5) acquire, hold, maintain, use, operate, and dispose of any physical facilities, including equipment, necessary for the operation of the Center;

(6) appoint and fix the compensation and duties of the director and such other officers of the Center as may be necessary for the efficient administration of the Center; the director and two other officers of the Center may be appointed and compensated without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5; and

(7) prepare plans and specifications for the Center, including the design and development of all buildings, facilities, open spaces, and other structures on the site in consultation with the President's Temporary Commission on Pennsylvania Avenue, or its successor, and with other appropriate Federal and local agencies, such plans to include an exterior classic frieze memorial to Woodrow Wilson.

(b) Relocation assistance and programs

The Board shall, in connection with acquisition of any site authorized by Congress, as provided for in paragraph (4) of subsection (a) of this section, provide, to businesses and residents displaced from any such site, relocation assistance, including payments and other benefits, equivalent to that authorized to displace businesses and residents under the Housing Act of 1949, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1441 et seq.]. The Board shall develop a relocation program for existing businesses and residents within the site and submit such program to the government of the District of Columbia for a determination as to its adequacy and feasibility. In providing such relocation assistance and developing such relocation program the Board shall utilize to the maximum extent the services and facilities of the appropriate Federal and local agencies.

(Pub. L. 90–637, §4, Oct. 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 1358; Pub. L. 95–286, §2, May 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 279.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Housing Act of 1949, as amended, referred to in subsec. (b), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413, which is classified principally to chapter 8A (§1441 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

1978—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–286 substituted "devises" for "devices".
20 U.S.C. § 5510 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 65: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION / Section 5510: Authorization
Authorization
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out this chapter not to exceed $12,000,000 for each fiscal year 1992 and 1993, not to exceed $13,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, and not to exceed $14,000,000 for each fiscal year 1995 and 1996.

(b) Limitations

Of such sums appropriated in a fiscal year, 25 percent shall be available for the activities of the Office of Environmental Education, 25 percent shall be available for the operation of the environmental education and training program, 38 percent shall be available for environmental education grants, 10 percent shall be available for support of the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation, and 2 percent shall be available to support awards pursuant to section 5507(e) of this title.

(c) Availability of funds to National Environmental Education and Training Foundation

Funds appropriated pursuant to this section may be made available to the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation to—

(1) match partially or wholly the amount or value of contributions (whether in currency, services, or property) made to the Foundation by private persons and State and local governments; and

(2) provide administrative services under section 5509(d) of this title:

Provided, That the Administrator determines that such funds will be used to carry out the statutory purposes of the Foundation in a manner consistent with the goals, objectives and programs of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–619, §11, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3339.)
20 U.S.C. § 6691 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6691: Supplement, not supplant
Supplement, not supplant
Status: in_force

Funds made available under this subchapter shall be used to supplement, and not supplant, non-Federal funds that would otherwise be used for activities authorized under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2301, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6691, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2321, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1660, authorized appropriations for subpart 1 of part C of former subchapter II of this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

A prior section 2301 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6671 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–239.

Another prior section 2301 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6671 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1086 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1086: Delegation of functions
Delegation of functions
Status: in_force

(a) In general

An eligible lender or guaranty agency that contracts with another entity to perform any of the lender's or agency's functions under this subchapter, or otherwise delegates the performance of such functions to such other entity—

(1) shall not be relieved of the lender's or agency's duty to comply with the requirements of this subchapter; and

(2) shall monitor the activities of such other entity for compliance with such requirements.

(b) Special rule

A lender that holds a loan made under this part in the lender's capacity as a trustee is responsible for complying with all statutory and regulatory requirements imposed on any other holder of a loan made under this part.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §436, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1413; amended Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §430, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1709.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1086, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §436, as added Pub. L. 89–752, §12, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1244; amended Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §116(b)(5), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §127(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2132; Pub. L. 96–374, title XIII, §1391(a)(1), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1503, related to a District of Columbia student loan insurance program, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–244 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section authorized establishment of a District of Columbia student loan insurance program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9518 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9518: Agreements
Agreements
Status: in_force

The Institute may carry out research projects of common interest with entities such as the National Science Foundation and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development through agreements with such entities that are in accordance with section 1231 of this title.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §118, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1953; Pub. L. 110–154, §1(d), Dec. 21, 2007, 121 Stat. 1828.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" substituted for "National Institute of Child Health and Human Development" in text, on authority of section 1(d) of Pub. L. 110–154, set out as a note under section 285g of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
20 U.S.C. § 15o (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 2: TEACHING OF AGRICULTURAL, TRADE, HOME ECONOMICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS / Section 15o: Repealed. Pub. L. 90-576, title I, §103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091
Repealed. Pub. L. 90-576, title I, §103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091
Status: repealed

Section 15o, acts June 8, 1936, ch. 541, §7, 49 Stat. 1490; Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 725, title I, §101, 60 Stat. 777; Aug. 2, 1956, ch. 871, title III, §301, 70 Stat. 925, made the Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act applicable to the development of vocational education.

Section 15p, acts June 8, 1936, ch. 541, §8, 49 Stat. 1490; Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 725, title I, §101, 60 Stat. 777; Aug. 2, 1956, ch. 871, title III, §301, 70 Stat. 925, required that industrial-plant training be bona-fide vocational training and that no more than 10 percent be used for the purchase or acquisition of equipment.

Section 15q, act June 8, 1936, ch. 541, §9, as added Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 725, title I, §101, 60 Stat. 777; amended Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Aug. 2, 1956, ch. 871, title III, §301, 70 Stat. 925, authorized appropriations for Office of Education.

For general subject matter of sections 15o to 15q, see section 1241 et seq. of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091, provided that the repeal is effective July 1, 1969.
20 U.S.C. § 7908a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7908a: Military recruiter access to secondary school campuses
Military recruiter access to secondary school campuses
Status: in_force

Each local educational agency receiving assistance under this chapter shall provide military recruiters the same access to the campus of each secondary school served by the local educational agency for the purpose of recruiting students who are at least 17 years of age that is provided to any prospective employer, institution of higher education, or other recruiter.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8528A, as added Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §533(a), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1887.)

Delayed Effective Date of Section

Section effective one year after Dec. 23, 2024, see Effective Date note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §533(b), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1887, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024]."

Compliance Monitoring and Reporting

Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §533(c), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1887, provided that: "On an annual basis, the Secretary of Defense shall—

"(1) collect information from military recruiters regarding the compliance of local educational agencies with the requirements of section 8528A of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7908a] (as added by subsection (a)); and

"(2) based on such information, prepare and submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report that—

"(A) identifies each local educational agency that the Secretary determines to be in violation of such section; and

"(B) explains the reasons for such determination."
20 U.S.C. § 4355 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 55: EDUCATION OF THE DEAF / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4355: Monitoring, evaluation, and reporting
Monitoring, evaluation, and reporting
Status: in_force

(a) Activities

The Secretary shall conduct monitoring and evaluation activities of the education programs and activities and the administrative operations of the University (including the elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate programs) and of NTID. The Secretary may also conduct studies related to the provision of preschool, elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education and other related services to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. In carrying out the responsibilities described in this section, the Secretary is authorized to employ such consultants as may be necessary pursuant to section 3109 of title 5.

(b) Report

The Secretary shall annually transmit information to Congress on the monitoring and evaluation activities pursuant to subsection (a), together with such recommendations, including recommendations for legislation, as the Secretary may consider necessary.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2014 to carry out the monitoring and evaluation activities authorized under this section.

(Pub. L. 99–371, title II, §205, formerly title IV, §405, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 790; renumbered title II, §205, and amended Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §§101(b)(5), (6), 135(a), Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, 2158; Pub. L. 103–73, title II, §204(d), Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, §918, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1831; Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §907, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3453.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §907(1), struck out "preparatory," before "undergraduate".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, §907(2), substituted "The Secretary shall annually transmit information to Congress on" for "The Secretary, as part of the annual report required under section 3486 of this title, shall include a description of".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315, §907(3), substituted "fiscal years 2009 through 2014" for "fiscal years 1998 through 2003".

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "1998 through 2003" for "1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997".

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–73 substituted "individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing" for "individuals who are deaf" and struck out "the provisions of" after "pursuant to".

1992—Pub. L. 102–421, §135(a), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The Secretary shall conduct monitoring and evaluation activities of the education programs and activities and the administrative operations of Gallaudet University and of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. In carrying out the responsibilities described in this section, the Secretary is authorized to employ such consultants as may be necessary pursuant to the provisions of section 3109 of title 5."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–421 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 161 of Pub. L. 102–421, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2305 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Section 2305: Limitation
Limitation
Status: in_force

All of the funds made available under this chapter shall be used in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 88–210, §6, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 690.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2305, Pub. L. 88–210, §6, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3082, related to limitation on use of funds, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.
20 U.S.C. § 59 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 59: Collections of National Ocean Survey, United States Geological Survey, and others deposited in National Museum
Collections of National Ocean Survey, United States Geological Survey, and others deposited in National Museum
Status: in_force

All collections of rocks, minerals, soils, fossils, and objects of natural history, archaeology, and ethnology, made by the National Ocean Survey, the United States Geological Survey, or by any other parties for the Government of the United States, when no longer needed for investigations in progress shall be deposited in the National Museum.

(Mar. 3, 1879, ch. 182, §1, 20 Stat. 394; 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090; Pub. L. 102–154, title I, Nov. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1000.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Words "Coast and Interior Survey" appearing in act Mar. 3, 1879, were in prior editions of the Code changed to "Coast and Geodetic Survey." Congress never created a Coast and Interior Survey. In a communication dated Nov. 6, 1940, the Director of the Geological Survey explained that the words "Coast and Interior Survey" were inadvertently incorporated upon authority of report contained in Senate Misc. Doc. No. 9, 45th Congress, 3d Session, which recommended the "Coast and Geodetic Survey" be changed to "United States Coast and Interior Survey" and an organization be created in the Interior Department to be known as the "United States Geological Survey." Congress adopted only the latter suggestion.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"United States Geological Survey" substituted in text for "Geological Survey" pursuant to provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of Title 43, Public Lands.

National Museum

Establishment of the National Museum, see note set out under section 50 of this title.

National Museum of American History

Pub. L. 96–441, §2, Oct. 13, 1980, 94 Stat. 1884, provided that: "The bureau of the Smithsonian Institution known as the Museum of History and Technology and so referred to in the Act entitled 'An Act to authorize the construction of a building for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian Institution, including the preparation of plans and specifications, and all other work incidental thereto', approved June 28, 1955 (20 U.S.C. 59 note), shall be known as the 'National Museum of American History'."

For provision deeming references to the Museum of History and Technology in laws and regulations to be references to the National Museum of American History, see section of 3 of Pub. L. 96–441, set out as a note under section 71 of this title.

Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian Institution

Act June 28, 1955, ch. 201, 69 Stat. 189, authorized construction of a building for a Museum of History and Technology, which was redesignated the National Museum of American History, for the use of the Smithsonian Institution, at a cost not to exceed $36,000,000.

Executive Documents

Change of Name

Coast and Geodetic Survey consolidated with National Weather Bureau in 1965 to form Environmental Science Services Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1965, eff. July 13, 1965, 30 F.R. 8819, 79 Stat. 1318. Environmental Science Services Administration abolished in 1970 and its personnel, property, records, etc., transferred to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1970, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090. By order of Acting Associate Administrator of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 35 F.R. 19249, Dec. 19, 1970, Coast and Geodetic Survey redesignated National Ocean Survey. See notes set out under section 311 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
20 U.S.C. § 5609 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 66: MORRIS K. UDALL AND STEWART L. UDALL FOUNDATION / Section 5609: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Trust Fund

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Trust Fund $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029 to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Environmental Dispute Resolution Fund

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Dispute Resolution Fund established by section 5607a of this title $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2029, of which—

(1) $3,000,000 shall be used to pay operations costs (including not more than $1,000 for official reception and representation expenses); and

(2) $1,000,000 shall be used for grants or other appropriate arrangements to pay the costs of services provided in a neutral manner relating to, and to support the participation of non-Federal entities (such as State and local governments, tribal governments, nongovernmental organizations, and individuals) in, environmental conflict resolution proceedings involving Federal agencies.

(c) Training of professionals in health care and public policy

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 5604(7) of this title $12,300,000 for the 5-fiscal year period beginning with fiscal year 2025.

(Pub. L. 102–259, §13, formerly §11, Mar. 19, 1992, 106 Stat. 84; renumbered §13 and amended Pub. L. 105–156, §§6(a), 8, Feb. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 9, 12; Pub. L. 106–568, title VIII, §817(c), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2918; Pub. L. 108–160, §2, Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2013; Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title III, §309, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3191; Pub. L. 118–47, div. G, title II, §203, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 858.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–47, §203(1), substituted "2029" for "2023".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–47, §203(2), substituted "2029" for "2023" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–47, §203(3), substituted "5-fiscal year period beginning with fiscal year 2025." for "5-fiscal year period beginning with the fiscal year in which this subsection is enacted."

2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–94, §309(1), substituted "$2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2023" for "$40,000,000".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–94, §309(2), substituted "fiscal years 2020 through 2023" for "fiscal years 2004 through 2008".

2003—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–160 added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

"There are authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Dispute Resolution Fund established under section 5607a of this title—

"(1) $4,250,000 for fiscal year 1998, of which—

"(A) $3,000,000 shall be for capitalization; and

"(B) $1,250,000 shall be for operation costs; and

"(2) $1,250,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999 through 2002 for operation costs."

2000—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–568 added subsec. (c).

1998—Pub. L. 105–156, §8, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted "There is authorized to be appropriated to the Trust Fund" for "There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund", and added subsec. (b).
20 U.S.C. § 3502 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter V: TRANSITIONAL, SAVINGS, AND CONFORMING PROVISIONS / Section 3502: Effect on personnel
Effect on personnel
Status: in_force

(a) Non-separation or non-reduction in grade or compensation of full-time personnel and part-time personnel holding permanent positions

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the transfer pursuant to this subchapter of full-time personnel (except special Government employees) and part-time personnel holding permanent positions shall not cause any such employee to be separated or reduced in grade or compensation for one year after the date of transfer to the Department.

(b) Positions compensated in accordance with Executive Schedule

Any person who, on the day preceding May 4, 1980, held a position compensated in accordance with the Executive Schedule prescribed in chapter 53 of title 5 and who, without a break in service, is appointed in the Department to a position having duties comparable to the duties performed immediately preceding such appointment shall continue to be compensated in such new position at not less than the rate provided for such previous position, for the duration of the service of such person in such new position.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §502, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 690.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (b), "May 4, 1980" substituted for "the effective date of this chapter" pursuant to section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Abolished Positions Deemed Transferred

Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(l)(4), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 694, provided that: "Positions abolished as a consequence of the amendments made by this subsection [amending sections 1102, 2390, and 3012 of this title] shall, for purposes of section 502(a) [subsec. (a) of this section], be deemed to be permanent positions transferred pursuant to title V of this Act [this subchapter]."
20 U.S.C. § 3425 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter II: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT / Section 3425: Office of Educational Technology
Office of Educational Technology
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There shall be in the Department of Education an Office of Educational Technology (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Office"), to be administered by the Director of Educational Technology. The Director of Educational Technology shall report directly to the Secretary and shall perform such additional functions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(b) Director

The Director of the Office of Educational Technology (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Director"), through the Office, shall—

(1) in support of the overall national technology policy and in consultation with other Federal departments or agencies which the Director determines appropriate, provide leadership to the Nation in the use of technology to promote achievement of the National Education Goals and to increase opportunities for all students to achieve State content and challenging State student performance standards;

(2) review all programs and training functions administered by the Department and recommend policies in order to promote increased use of technology and technology planning throughout all such programs and functions;

(3) review all relevant programs supported by the Department to ensure that such programs are coordinated with and support the national long-range technology plan developed pursuant to section 5862(b) 1 of this title; and

(4) perform such additional functions as the Secretary may require.

(c) Officers and employees

The Director is authorized to select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Office, subject to the provisions of title 5 (governing appointments in the competitive service), and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title (relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates).

(d) Experts and consultants

The Secretary may obtain the services of experts and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, §218, formerly §216, as added Pub. L. 103–227, title II, §233(a), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 154; renumbered §218, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1072(e)(3), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2090.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5862 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), was repealed by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §361(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3974.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Office of Training Technology Transfer

Pub. L. 103–227, title II, §236(a)(1), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 156, provided that: "The Office of Training Technology Transfer as established under section 6103 of the Training Technology Transfer Act of 1988 ([former] 20 U.S.C. 5093) is transferred to and established in the Office of Educational Technology."

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 7825 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7825: Department staff
Department staff
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall—

(1) not later than 60 days after December 10, 2015, identify the number of Department full-time equivalent employees who worked on or administered each education program or project authorized under this chapter, as such program or project was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015, and publish such information on the Department's website;

(2) not later than 60 days after December 10, 2015, identify the number of full-time equivalent employees who worked on or administered each program or project authorized under this chapter, as such program or project was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015, that has been eliminated or consolidated since December 10, 2015;

(3) not later than 1 year after December 10, 2015, reduce the workforce of the Department by the number of full-time equivalent employees the Department identified under paragraph (2); and

(4) not later than 1 year after December 10, 2015, report to Congress on—

(A) the number of full-time equivalent employees associated with each program or project authorized under this chapter and administered by the Department;

(B) the number of full-time equivalent employees who were determined to be associated with eliminated or consolidated programs or projects described in paragraph (2);

(C) how the Secretary has reduced the number of full-time equivalent employees as described in paragraph (3);

(D) the average salary of the full-time equivalent employees described in subparagraph (B) whose positions were eliminated; and

(E) the average salary of the full-time equivalent employees who work on or administer a program or project authorized by the Department under this chapter, disaggregated by employee function within each such program or project.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8205, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8008, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2101.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 7831 to 7835 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7831, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9121, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3782, related to improvement of educational opportunities for Indian children.

Section 7832, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9122, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3784, related to professional development.

Section 7833, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9123, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3786, authorized fellowships for Indian students.

Section 7834, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9124, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3787; amended Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, §901(d), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1828, related to gifted and talented Indian students.

Section 7835, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9125, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3789, related to grants to tribes for education administrative planning and development.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4505 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 57: JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 4505: Recipient's choice of institution
Recipient's choice of institution
Status: in_force

Fellowship recipients may attend any institution of higher education in the United States with an accredited graduate program which offers courses of study or training which emphasize the origins of the Constitution of the United States, its principles, its development, and its comparison with other forms of government, as determined according to criteria established by the Foundation.

(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title VIII, §806], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–77, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title VIII, §806], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–77.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.
20 U.S.C. § 8621 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter XIII: SUPPORT AND ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE EDUCATION / Section 8621: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 8621, Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13101, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3877, which authorized grant program for comprehensive regional assistance centers, was renumbered section 1001 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), (b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to section 6053 of this title, and subsequently repealed.

Section 8622, Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13102, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3878, which set forth requirements of comprehensive regional assistance centers, was renumbered section 1002 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), (b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to section 6053a of this title, and subsequently repealed.

Section 8623, Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13103, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3879, which related to maintenance of service and application requirements, was renumbered section 1003 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), (b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to section 6053b of this title, and subsequently repealed.

Section 8624, Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13104, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3880, which related to transition and phase in, was renumbered section 1004 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), (b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to section 6053c of this title, and subsequently repealed.

Section 8625, Pub. L. 89–10, title XIII, §13105, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3880, which authorized appropriations, was renumbered section 1005 of the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994 by Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1021(a), (b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1987, transferred to section 6053d of this title, and subsequently repealed.
20 U.S.C. § 1161r (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IX: ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1161r: Campus-based digital theft prevention
Campus-based digital theft prevention
Status: in_force

(a) Program authority

From the amounts appropriated under subsection (d), the Secretary may make grants to institutions of higher education, or consortia of such institutions, and enter into contracts with such institutions, consortia, and other organizations, to develop, implement, operate, improve, and disseminate programs of prevention, education, and cost-effective technological solutions, to reduce and eliminate the illegal downloading and distribution of intellectual property. Such grants or contracts may also be used for the support of higher education centers that will provide training, technical assistance, evaluation, dissemination, and associated services and assistance to the higher education community as determined by the Secretary and institutions of higher education.

(b) Awards

Grants and contracts shall be awarded under this section on a competitive basis.

(c) Applications

An institution of higher education or a consortium of such institutions that desires to receive a grant or contract under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably require by regulation.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, §871, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, §801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3425.)
20 U.S.C. § 1138c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1138c: Special projects
Special projects
Status: in_force

(a) Grant authority

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to institutions of higher education, or consortia thereof, and such other public agencies and nonprofit organizations as the Secretary deems necessary for innovative projects concerning one or more areas of particular national need identified by the Secretary.

(b) Application

No grant shall be made under this part unless an application is made at such time, in such manner, and contains or is accompanied by such information as the Secretary may require.

(c) Areas of national need

Areas of national need shall include, at a minimum, the following:

(1) Institutional restructuring to improve learning and promote productivity, efficiency, quality improvement, and cost reduction.

(2) Improvements in academic instruction and student learning, including efforts designed to assess the learning gains made by postsecondary students.

(3) Articulation between two- and four-year institutions of higher education, including developing innovative methods for ensuring the successful transfer of students from two- to four-year institutions of higher education.

(4) Development, evaluation, and dissemination of model courses, including model courses that—

(A) provide students with a broad and integrated knowledge base;

(B) include, at a minimum, broad survey courses in English literature, American and world history, American political institutions, economics, philosophy, college-level mathematics, and the natural sciences; and

(C) include study of a foreign language that leads to reading and writing competency in the foreign language.

(5) International cooperation and student exchanges among postsecondary educational institutions.

(6) Support of centers to incorporate education in quality and safety into the preparation of medical and nursing students, through grants to medical schools, nursing schools, and osteopathic schools. Such grants shall be used to assist in providing courses of instruction that specifically equip students to—

(A) understand the causes of, and remedies for, medical error, medically induced patient injuries and complications, and other defects in medical care;

(B) engage effectively in personal and systemic efforts to continually reduce medical harm; and

(C) improve patient care and outcomes, as recommended by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §744, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VII, §701, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1798; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §707(f), (h)(3), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3359, 3361; Pub. L. 111–39, title VII, §701(3), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1954.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1135a–11 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.

A prior section 1138c, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1144, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title XI, §1101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 789; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(e)(10), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023, related to applications for grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, §3, title VII, §702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998.

A prior section 744 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132c–3 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (c)(6)(C). Pub. L. 111–39 inserted "of the National Academies" after "Institute of Medicine".

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §707(h)(3), substituted "Secretary" for "Director" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315, §707(f), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Areas of national need shall initially include, but shall not be limited to, the following:

"(1) Institutional restructuring to improve learning and promote productivity, efficiency, quality improvement, and cost and price control.

"(2) Articulation between 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education, including developing innovative methods for ensuring the successful transfer of students from 2- to 4-year institutions of higher education.

"(3) Evaluation and dissemination of model programs.

"(4) International cooperation and student exchange among postsecondary educational institutions."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1709 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter I: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES / Section 1709: Intervention by Attorney General
Intervention by Attorney General
Status: in_force

Whenever a civil action is instituted under section 1706 of this title by an individual, the Attorney General may intervene in such action upon timely application.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §210, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 516.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7872 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7872: Approval and disapproval of local educational agency applications
Approval and disapproval of local educational agency applications
Status: in_force

(a) Approval

An application submitted by a local educational agency pursuant to section 6612(b), 7116, 7174(b) or 7845 of this title, shall be approved by the State educational agency unless the State educational agency makes a written determination (which shall include the supporting information and rationale for such determination), prior to the expiration of the 120-day period beginning on the date on which the State educational agency received the application, that the application is not in compliance with section 6612(b), 7116, or 7174(b) of this title, or part C, respectively.

(b) Disapproval process

(1) In general

The State educational agency shall not finally disapprove an application submitted under section 6612(b), 7116, 7174(b) or 7845 of this title except after giving the local educational agency notice and opportunity for a hearing.

(2) Notifications

If the State educational agency finds that the application submitted under section 6612(b), 7116, 7174(b) or 7845 of this title is not in compliance, in whole or in part, with section 6612(b), 7116, or 7174(b) of this title, or part C, respectively, the State educational agency shall—

(A) immediately notify the local educational agency of such determination;

(B) provide a detailed description of the specific provisions of the application that the State determines fail to meet the requirements, in whole or in part, of such section or part, as applicable;

(C) offer the local educational agency an opportunity to revise and resubmit its application within 45 days of such determination, including the chance for the local educational agency to present supporting information to clearly demonstrate that the application meets the requirements of such section or part;

(D) provide technical assistance, upon request of the local educational agency, in order to assist the local educational agency to meet the requirements of such section or part, as applicable;

(E) conduct a hearing within 30 days of the application's resubmission under subparagraph (C), unless a local educational agency declines the opportunity for such a hearing; and

(F) request additional information, only as to the noncompliant provisions, needed to make the application compliant.

(3) Response

If the local educational agency responds to the State educational agency's notification described in paragraph (2)(A) prior to the expiration of the 45-day period beginning on the date on which the local educational agency received the notification, and resubmits the application as described in paragraph (2)(C), the State educational agency shall approve such application unless the State educational agency determines the application does not meet the requirements of this part.

(4) Failure to respond

If the local educational agency does not respond to the State educational agency's notification described in paragraph (2)(A) prior to the expiration of the 45-day period beginning on the date on which the local educational agency received the notification, such application shall be deemed to be disapproved.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8452, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8014, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2108.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 7872 to 7874 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7872, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9152, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3793, related to peer review of applications.

Section 7873, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9153, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3793, related to preference for Indian applicants for grants.

Section 7874, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9154, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3793, related to minimum grant criteria.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1231a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter III: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS CONCERNING OPERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS: GENERAL AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY / Section 1231a: Collection and dissemination of information
Collection and dissemination of information
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall—

(1) prepare and disseminate to State and local educational agencies and institutions information concerning applicable programs, and cooperate with other Federal officials who administer programs affecting education in disseminating information concerning such programs;

(2) inform the public regarding federally supported education programs; and

(3) collect data and information on applicable programs for the purpose of obtaining objective measurements of the effectiveness of such programs in achieving the intended purposes of such programs.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §431, formerly §412, as added Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(a)(10), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 166; renumbered §422 and amended Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(a)(1), (b)(2)(B), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 326, 332; Pub. L. 94–482, title IV, §409(b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2233; renumbered §431, renumbered §422, and amended Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §§212(b)(1), 242, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913, 3922; renumbered §431, Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1062(1), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2087.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 431 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 437, and is classified to section 1232 of this title.

Another prior section 431 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 441, and was classified to section 1233 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–382, §242, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to duty to collect and disseminate information about applicable programs and to submit an annual report to Congress and authorizing use of contract to carry out this section.

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–482 substituted "June 30" for "March 31".

1972—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 92–318, §301(b)(2)(B), substituted "(as set forth in section 1221c(a) of this title)" for "(as set forth in section 1 of this title)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–482 effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, for those amendments providing for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(b)(2)(B), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 332, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 92–318 is effective July 1, 1972.

Evaluation Practices and Procedures at National, State, and Local Levels for Federally Funded Elementary and Secondary Educational Programs; Report to Congress

Pub. L. 95–561, title XV, §1526, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2379, as amended by Pub. L. 96–46, §2(a)(9), Aug. 6, 1979, 93 Stat. 340; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, directed Secretary of Education to conduct a study of evaluation practices and procedures at the national, State, and local levels with respect to federally funded elementary and secondary educational programs and include in the first annual report to Congress submitted more than eighteen months after Nov. 1, 1978, proposals and recommendations for the revision or modification of any part or all of such practices and procedures.
20 U.S.C. § 6391 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6391: Program purposes
Program purposes
Status: in_force

The purposes of this part are as follows:

(1) To assist States in supporting high-quality and comprehensive educational programs and services during the school year and, as applicable, during summer or intersession periods, that address the unique educational needs of migratory children.

(2) To ensure that migratory children who move among the States are not penalized in any manner by disparities among the States in curriculum, graduation requirements, and challenging State academic standards.

(3) To ensure that migratory children receive full and appropriate opportunities to meet the same challenging State academic standards that all children are expected to meet.

(4) To help migratory children overcome educational disruption, cultural and language barriers, social isolation, various health-related problems, and other factors that inhibit the ability of such children to succeed in school.

(5) To help migratory children benefit from State and local systemic reforms.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1301, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1571; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1301(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1893.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6391, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1301, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3585, related to program purpose, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to purposes of this part to assist States: (1) to support high-quality and comprehensive educational programs for migratory children; (2) to ensure that migratory children who move among the States are not penalized in any manner by disparities among the States; (3) to ensure that migratory children are provided with appropriate educational services; (4) to ensure that migratory children receive full and appropriate opportunities to meet challenging State standards; (5) to design programs to help migratory children overcome educational disruption and other factors that inhibit their ability to do well in school; and (6) to ensure that migratory children benefit from State and local systemic reforms.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3041 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: SPECIAL PROGRAMS / Section 3041: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3041, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4001, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 234, provided that this part could be cited as the "Women's Educational Equity Act" and stated Congressional findings and purpose.

A prior section 3041, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §376, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2222; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to allocation of funds for dissemination of information, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3042, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4002, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 234, authorized grants and contracts for program to achieve educational equity for women.

Section 3043, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4003, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 235, related to applications and to participation by men and boys.

Section 3044, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4004, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 236, related to challenge grants.

Section 3045, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4005, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 236, related to criteria and priorities for grant and contract awards.

Section 3046, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4006, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 236, related to reports and to evaluation and dissemination of materials and programs.

Section 3047, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4007, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 237, authorized appropriations.

Sections 3051 to 3057 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3051, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §381, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2223, set out findings and purpose for program of training in biomedical sciences.

Section 3052, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §382, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2223, set out definitions for program of training in biomedical sciences.

Section 3053, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §383, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2224; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to projects for economically disadvantaged students.

Section 3054, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §384, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2224; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to project activities and funding requirements.

Section 3055, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §385, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2226; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to applications for assistance.

Section 3056, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §386, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2227; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to use of funds appropriated.

Section 3057, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §387, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2227, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 4705 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 59: BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4705: Stipends
Stipends
Status: in_force

Each person awarded a scholarship or fellowship under this chapter shall receive a stipend which shall not exceed the cost to such person for tuition, fees, books, room and board, or such lesser amount as may be prescribed by the Board. Each person awarded a research internship under this chapter shall receive a stipend as may be prescribed by the Board, which shall not exceed the maximum stipend amount awarded for a scholarship or fellowship.

(Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIV, §1406, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4010; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXIII, §6304, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2394.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81 inserted at end "Each person awarded a research internship under this chapter shall receive a stipend as may be prescribed by the Board, which shall not exceed the maximum stipend amount awarded for a scholarship or fellowship."
20 U.S.C. § 46a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 46a: Employment of aliens by Secretary
Employment of aliens by Secretary
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, subject to adequate security and other investigations as he may determine to be appropriate, and subject further to a prior determination by him that no qualified United States citizen is available for the particular position involved, is authorized to employ and compensate aliens in a scientific or technical capacity at authorized rates of compensation without regard to statutory provisions prohibiting payment of compensation to aliens.

(Pub. L. 88–549, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 754.)
20 U.S.C. § 77c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter VII: NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM / Section 77c: Museum board
Museum board
Status: in_force

(a) Seal; regulations; vacancies

The board is authorized to adopt an official seal which shall be judicially noticed and to make such bylaws, rules, and regulations as it deems necessary for the administration of its functions. The board may function notwithstanding vacancies and six members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

(b) Annual report

The Smithsonian Institution shall include in its annual report of its operations to Congress a statement of the operations of said national air and space museum, including all public and private moneys received and disbursed.

(Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, §4, 60 Stat. 998; Pub. L. 89–509, pt. I, §§6, 7, July 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 310, 311.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–509, §6, raised from three to six the number of board members required to constitute a quorum.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–509, §7, substituted "national air and space museum" for "national air museum".
20 U.S.C. § 10003 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 80: STATE FISCAL STABILIZATION FUND / Section 10003: Uses of funds by local educational agencies
Uses of funds by local educational agencies
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A local educational agency that receives funds under this chapter may use the funds for any activity authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) ("ESEA"), the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.) ("IDEA"), the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (20 U.S.C. 9201 et seq.),1 or the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.) ("the Perkins Act") or for modernization, renovation, or repair of public school facilities, including modernization, renovation, and repairs that are consistent with a recognized green building rating system.

(b) Prohibition

A local educational agency may not use funds received under this chapter for—

(1) payment of maintenance costs;

(2) stadiums or other facilities primarily used for athletic contests or exhibitions or other events for which admission is charged to the general public;

(3) purchase or upgrade of vehicles; or

(4) improvement of stand-alone facilities whose purpose is not the education of children, including central office administration or operations or logistical support facilities.

(c) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall allow a local educational agency to engage in school modernization, renovation, or repair that is inconsistent with State law.

(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, §14003, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 111–8, div. F, title V, §523(c), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 806.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, which is classified generally to chapter 70 (§6301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of this title and Tables.

The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act, referred to in subsec. (a), was title II of Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, which was classified principally to subchapter I (§9201 et seq.) of chapter 73 of this title, and was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §§506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. Pub. L. 113–128 also included a title II, entitled the "Adult Education and Family Literacy Act", which is classified generally to subchapter II (§3271 et seq.) of chapter 32 of Title 29, Labor. Pursuant to section 3361(a) of Title 29, references to a provision of Pub. L. 105–220 are deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classification of title II of Pub. L. 105–220 to the Code, see Tables. For complete classification of title II of Pub. L. 113–128 to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 88–210, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403, as amended generally by Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, which is classified generally to chapter 44 (§2301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2301 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–8 substituted "the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (20 U.S.C. 9201 et seq.)" for "the Adult and Family Literacy Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.)".

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 6001 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter IX: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT / Section 6001: Short title
Short title
Status: in_force

This subchapter may be cited as the "Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994".

(Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §901, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 212.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title IX of Pub. L. 103–227, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 212, which enacted this subchapter, amended sections 2422, 3155, 3412, 3419, 3462, and 4085b of this title, repealed section 1221e of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1221e and 3155 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9605 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter II: EDUCATIONAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE / Section 9605: Regional advisory committees
Regional advisory committees
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

Beginning in 2004, the Secretary shall establish a regional advisory committee for each region described in section 9564(b) of this title.

(b) Membership

(1) Composition

The membership of each regional advisory committee shall—

(A) not exceed 25 members;

(B) contain a balanced representation of States in the region; and

(C) include not more than one representative of each State educational agency geographically located in the region.

(2) Eligibility

The membership of each regional advisory committee may include the following:

(A) Representatives of local educational agencies, including rural and urban local educational agencies.

(B) Representatives of institutions of higher education, including individuals representing university-based education research and university-based research on subjects other than education.

(C) Parents.

(D) Practicing educators, including classroom teachers, principals, administrators, school board members, and other local school officials.

(E) Representatives of business.

(F) Researchers.

(3) Recommendations

In choosing individuals for membership on a regional advisory committee, the Secretary shall consult with, and solicit recommendations from, the chief executive officers of States, chief State school officers, and education stakeholders within the applicable region.

(4) Special rule

(A) Total number

The total number of members on each committee who are selected under subparagraphs (A), (C), and (D) of paragraph (2), collectively, shall exceed the total number of members who are selected under paragraph (1)(C) and subparagraphs (B), (E), and (F) of paragraph (2), collectively.

(B) Dissolution

Each regional advisory committee shall be dissolved by the Secretary after submission of such committee's report described in subsection (c)(2) to the Secretary, but each such committee may be reconvened at the discretion of the Secretary.

(c) Duties

Each regional advisory committee shall advise the Secretary on the following:

(1) An educational needs assessment of its region (using the results of the assessment conducted under subsection (d)), in order to assist in making decisions regarding the regional educational priorities.

(2) Not later than 6 months after the committee is first convened, a report based on the assessment conducted under subsection (d).

(d) Regional assessments

Each regional advisory committee shall—

(1) assess the educational needs within the region to be served;

(2) in conducting the assessment under paragraph (1), seek input from chief executive officers of States, chief State school officers, educators, and parents (including through a process of open hearings to solicit the views and needs of schools (including public charter schools), teachers, administrators, members of the regional educational laboratory governing board, parents, local educational agencies, librarians, businesses, State educational agencies, and other customers (such as adult education programs) within the region) regarding the need for the activities described in section 9564 of this title and section 9602 of this title and how those needs would be most effectively addressed; and

(3) submit the assessment to the Secretary and to the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences, at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title II, §206, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1979; Pub. L. 108–446, title II, §203, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2803.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 108–446 substituted "Institute" for "Academy".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
20 U.S.C. § 8181 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter X: PROGRAMS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE / Section 8181: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section 8181, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10721, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3842, authorized grants for fellowships.

Section 8182, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10722, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3842, related to applications.
20 U.S.C. § 1221e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter I: FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Section 1221e: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-227, title IX, §911(a), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 213
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-227, title IX, §911(a), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 213
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §405, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(a)(2), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 328; amended Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §502(a)(2)(B), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 560; Pub. L. 94–482, title IV, §403, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2227; Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1242, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2352; Pub. L. 96–49, §14, Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 354; Pub. L. 96–374, title XIII, §§1311–1314, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1498, 1499; Pub. L. 98–511, title VII, §§702(a), 703, 704(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2405, 2406; Pub. L. 99–498, title XIV, §1401(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1589; Pub. L. 100–50, §24(a), June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 362; Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §§3001(p)(2), 3002, 3403(b), (c), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 337, 349; Pub. L. 103–33, §1(b), May 25, 1993, 107 Stat. 94, related to Office of Educational Research and Improvement.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §914, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 223, which provided that contracts for regional educational laboratories, Educational Resources Information Center Clearinghouses and research and development centers and regional educational laboratories assisted under this section as in effect on Mar. 30, 1994, would remain in effect until the termination date of such contracts, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.

Existing Grants and Contracts

Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §915, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 223, which provided that grants and contracts for the research and development centers assisted under this section as in effect on Mar. 30, 1994, would remain in effect until the termination date of such grants or contracts, except if extended to implement the provisions of title IX of Pub. L. 103–227 [see section 6001 of this title], and authorized use of funds appropriated pursuant to former section 6011(m)(1) of this title to carry out these provisions, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985.
20 U.S.C. § 6319 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6319: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-95, title I, §1000(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1814
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-95, title I, §1000(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1814
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1119, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1505, related to qualifications for teachers and paraprofessionals.

A prior section 6319, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1118, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3550, related to parental involvement, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1068f (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1068f: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

Whoever, being an officer, director, agent, or employee of, or connected in any capacity with, any recipient of Federal financial assistance or grant pursuant to this subchapter embezzles, willfully misapplies, steals, or obtains by fraud any of the funds which are the subject of such grant or assistance, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §397, formerly §358, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title III, §301(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1307; renumbered §397, Pub. L. 105–244, title III, §301(a)(2), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1636.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1069d of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 105–244.
20 U.S.C. § 106a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 6: AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND / Section 106a: Financial and program audit by Secretary
Financial and program audit by Secretary
Status: in_force

Funds appropriated in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts to the American Printing House for the Blind shall be subject to financial and program audit by the Secretary of Education and the Secretary may withhold all or any portion of these appropriations if he determines that an institution has not cooperated fully in the conduct of such audits.

(Pub. L. 102–394, title III, §301, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1819.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is from the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993, and contained additional provisions relating to Howard University, Gallaudet University, and the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, which are set out as sections 130a and 4363 of this title, respectively.
20 U.S.C. § 7910a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7910a: Prohibition on requiring State participation
Prohibition on requiring State participation
Status: in_force

Any State that opts out of receiving funds, or that has not been awarded funds, under one or more programs under this chapter shall not be required to carry out any of the requirements of such program or programs, and nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a State to participate in any program under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8530A, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8028, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2116.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1140i (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1140i: Authorization of appropriations and reservation
Authorization of appropriations and reservation
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subpart such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(b) Reservation of funds

For any fiscal year for which appropriations are made for this subpart, the Secretary shall reserve funds to enter into a cooperative agreement to establish the coordinating center under section 1140q(b) of this title, in an amount that is—

(1) not less than $240,000 for any year in which the amount appropriated to carry out this subpart is $8,000,000 or less; or

(2) equal to 3 percent of the amount appropriated to carry out this subpart for any year in which such amount appropriated is greater than $8,000,000.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §769, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3367.)
20 U.S.C. § 9174 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter III: MUSEUM SERVICES / Section 9174: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-81, title III, §304, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1002
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-81, title III, §304, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1002
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §274, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–304, related to National Award for Museum Service.
20 U.S.C. § 7231f (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7231f: Use of funds
Use of funds
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Grant funds made available under this part may be used by an eligible local educational agency, or consortium of such agencies—

(1) for planning and promotional activities directly related to the development, expansion, continuation, or enhancement of academic programs and services offered at magnet schools;

(2) for the acquisition of books, materials, and equipment, including computers and the maintenance and operation of materials, equipment, and computers, necessary to conduct programs in magnet schools;

(3) for the compensation, or subsidization of the compensation, of elementary school and secondary school teachers who are effective, and instructional staff where applicable, who are necessary to conduct programs in magnet schools;

(4) with respect to a magnet school program offered to less than the entire student population of a school, for instructional activities that—

(A) are designed to make available the special curriculum that is offered by the magnet school program to students who are enrolled in the school but who are not enrolled in the magnet school program; and

(B) further the purpose of this part;

(5) for activities, which may include professional development, that will build the recipient's capacity to operate magnet school programs once the grant period has ended;

(6) to enable the local educational agency, or consortium of such agencies, to have more flexibility in the administration of a magnet school program in order to serve students attending a school who are not enrolled in a magnet school program;

(7) to enable the local educational agency, or consortium of such agencies, to have flexibility in designing magnet schools for students in all grades;

(8) to enable the local educational agency, or consortium of such agencies, or other organizations partnered with such agency or consortium, to establish, expand, or strengthen inter-district and regional magnet programs; and

(9) to provide transportation to and from the magnet school, provided that—

(A) such transportation is sustainable beyond the grant period; and

(B) the costs of providing transportation do not represent a significant portion of the grant funds received by the eligible local educational agency under this part.

(b) Special rule

Grant funds under this part may be used for activities described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a) only if the activities are directly related to improving student academic achievement based on the challenging State academic standards or directly related to improving student reading skills or knowledge of mathematics, science, history, geography, English, foreign languages, art, or music, or to improving career, technical, and professional skills.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4407, formerly title V, §5307, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1809; renumbered title IV, §4407, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §§4001(b)(3)(A), (B), (D)(i), 4401(4), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1967, 2015; Pub. L. 116–260, div. H, title III, §314(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1610.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4407 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3127 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 116–260 struck out "notwithstanding section 1228 of this title," before "to provide transportation".

2015—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §4401(4)(A)(i), substituted "effective" for "highly qualified".

Subsec. (a)(8), (9). Pub. L. 114–95, §4401(4)(A)(ii)–(iv), added pars. (8) and (9).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–95, §4401(4)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Grant funds under this part may be used for activities described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a) of this section only if the activities are directly related to improving student academic achievement based on the State's challenging academic content standards and student academic achievement standards or directly related to improving student reading skills or knowledge of mathematics, science, history, geography, English, foreign languages, art, or music, or to improving vocational, technological, and professional skills."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 10009 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 80: STATE FISCAL STABILIZATION FUND / Section 10009: Evaluation
Evaluation
Status: in_force

The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct evaluations of the programs under sections 10006 and 10007 of this title which shall include, but not be limited to, the criteria used for the awards made, the States selected for awards, award amounts, how each State used the award received, and the impact of this funding on the progress made toward closing achievement gaps.

(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, §14009, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 285.)
20 U.S.C. § 7912 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7912: Unsafe school choice option
Unsafe school choice option
Status: in_force

(a) Unsafe school choice policy

Each State receiving funds under this chapter shall establish and implement a statewide policy requiring that a student attending a persistently dangerous public elementary school or secondary school, as determined by the State in consultation with a representative sample of local educational agencies, or who becomes a victim of a violent criminal offense, as determined by State law, while in or on the grounds of a public elementary school or secondary school that the student attends, be allowed to attend a safe public elementary school or secondary school within the local educational agency, including a public charter school.

(b) Certification

As a condition of receiving funds under this chapter, a State shall certify in writing to the Secretary that the State is in compliance with this section.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8532, formerly title IX, §9532, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1984; renumbered title VIII, §8532, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7912, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9212, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3805, defined terms, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
20 U.S.C. § 1098f (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1098f: Deferral of loan repayment following active duty
Deferral of loan repayment following active duty
Status: in_force

(a) Deferral of loan repayment following active duty

In addition to any deferral of repayment of a loan made under this subchapter pursuant to section 1078(b)(1)(M)(iii), 1087e(f)(2)(C), or 1087dd(c)(2)(A)(iii) of this title, a borrower of a loan under this subchapter who is a member of the National Guard or other reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States, or a member of such Armed Forces in a retired status, is called or ordered to active duty, and is enrolled, or was enrolled within six months prior to the activation, in a program of instruction at an eligible institution, shall be eligible for a deferment during the 13 months following the conclusion of such service, except that a deferment under this subsection shall expire upon the borrower's return to enrolled student status.

(b) Active duty

Notwithstanding section 1088(d) of this title, in this section, the term "active duty" has the meaning given such term in section 101(d)(1) of title 10, except that such term—

(1) does not include active duty for training or attendance at a service school; but

(2) includes, in the case of members of the National Guard, active State duty.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §493D, as added Pub. L. 110–84, title II, §204, Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 795.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2007, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 110–84, set out as an Effective Date of 2007 Amendment note under section 1070a of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 902 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 25: PAY AND PERSONNEL PROGRAM FOR OVERSEAS TEACHERS / Section 902: Regulations of Secretary of Defense
Regulations of Secretary of Defense
Status: in_force

(a) Employment, compensation, etc., of teachers

Not later than the ninetieth day following July 17, 1959, the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe and issue regulations to carry out the purposes of this chapter. Such regulations shall govern—

(1) the establishment of teaching positions;

(2) the fixing of basic compensation for teachers and teaching positions at rates equal to the average of the range of rates of basic compensation for similar positions of a comparable level of duties and responsibilities in urban school jurisdictions in the United States of 100,000 or more population;

(3) the entitlement of teachers to compensation;

(4) the payment of compensation to teachers;

(5) the appointment of teachers;

(6) the conditions of employment of teachers;

(7) the length of the school year or school years applicable to teaching positions;

(8) the leave system for teachers;

(9) quarters, allowances, and additional compensation for teachers; and

(10) such other matters as may be relevant and appropriate to the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Effective date of regulations

The regulations prescribed and issued by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (a) of this section shall become effective on such date as the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe but not later than the ninetieth day following the date of issuance of such regulations.

(Pub. L. 86–91, §4, July 17, 1959, 73 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 89–391, §1(a), Apr. 14, 1966, 80 Stat. 117.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 2352 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

1966—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 89–391 substituted provisions for issuance of regulations to fix basic compensation for teachers and teaching positions at rates equal to the average of the range of rates of basic compensation for similar positions of a comparable level of duties and responsibilities in urban school jurisdictions in the United States of 100,000 or more population for former provisions fixing basic compensation for teaching positions in relation to rates of basic compensation for similar positions in the United States.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–391, §2, Apr. 14, 1966, 80 Stat. 118, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section and section 903 of this title] shall become effective on the first day of the first pay period which begins after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 14, 1966]."
20 U.S.C. § 1921 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 41: NATIONAL READING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM / Subchapter I: READING IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS / Section 1921: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §705, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 589; Pub. L. 94–194, §§1(a), (b)(3), 2, 3, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1103, 1104, set forth requirements for agreements for reading deficiencies projects with State and local educational agencies.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 1530(a) of Pub. L. 95–561, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1221e–3 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1011h (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1011h: Binge drinking on college campuses
Binge drinking on college campuses
Status: in_force

(a) Short title

This section may be cited as the "Collegiate Initiative To Reduce Binge Drinking and Illegal Alcohol Consumption".

(b) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that, in an effort to change the culture of alcohol consumption on college campuses, all institutions of higher education should carry out the following:

(1) The president of the institution should appoint a task force consisting of school administrators, faculty, students, Greek system representatives, and others to conduct a full examination of student and academic life at the institution. The task force should make recommendations for a broad range of policy and program changes that would serve to reduce alcohol and other drug-related problems. The institution should provide resources to assist the task force in promoting the campus policies and proposed environmental changes that have been identified.

(2) The institution should provide maximum opportunities for students to live in an alcohol-free environment and to engage in stimulating, alcohol-free recreational and leisure activities.

(3) The institution should enforce a "zero tolerance" policy on the illegal consumption of alcohol by students at the institution.

(4) The institution should vigorously enforce the institution's code of disciplinary sanctions for those who violate campus alcohol policies. Students with alcohol or other drug-related problems should be referred for assistance, including on-campus counseling programs if appropriate.

(5) The institution should adopt a policy to discourage alcoholic beverage-related sponsorship of on-campus activities. It should adopt policies limiting the advertisement and promotion of alcoholic beverages on campus.

(6) The institution should work with the local community, including local businesses, in a "Town/Gown" alliance to encourage responsible policies toward alcohol consumption and to address illegal alcohol use by students.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §119, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1596.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1011h, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §129, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title I, §101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 465, authorized appropriations to carry out the articulation agreements grant program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.
20 U.S.C. § 7351a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: FLEXIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY / Section 7351a: Uses of funds
Uses of funds
Status: in_force

(a) Local awards

Grant funds awarded to local educational agencies under this subpart shall be used for any of the following:

(1) Activities authorized under part A of subchapter I.

(2) Activities authorized under part A of subchapter II.

(3) Activities authorized under subchapter III.

(4) Activities authorized under part A of subchapter IV.

(5) Parental involvement activities.

(b) Administrative costs

A State educational agency receiving a grant under this subpart may not use more than 5 percent of the amount of the grant for State administrative costs and to provide technical assistance to eligible local educational agencies.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5222, formerly title VI, §6222, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1895; renumbered title V, §5222, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §§5001(a)(4), 5003(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, 2040, 2043.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5222 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7223a of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §5003(5), added pars. (1) to (5) and struck out former pars. (1) to (7) which set out various approved uses for grant funds.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 731 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 21: HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES / Subchapter II: GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GRADUATE ACADEMIC FACILITIES / Section 731: Repealed. Pub. L. 92-318, title I, §161(b)(2), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 303
Repealed. Pub. L. 92-318, title I, §161(b)(2), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 303
Status: repealed

Section 731, Pub. L. 88–204, title II, §201, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 371; Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §§701(c), 702(d), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1267, 1268; Pub. L. 89–752, §4, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1242; Pub. L. 90–575, title IV, §401(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1059, authorized appropriations for grants for construction of graduate academic facilities.

Section 732, Pub. L. 88–204, title II, §202, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 371; Pub. L. 90–575, title II, §291(b)(2), title IV, §405(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1050, 1061, related to grants, providing in subsec. (a) for eligible institutions and requirement of an application; subsec. (b) maximum allowable percentile of development cost; subsec. (c) action by panel of specialists required for application approval and considerations affecting approval; and subsec. (d) maximum amount of payments in any fiscal year.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1972, see section 161(b)(2) of Pub. L. 92–318.
20 U.S.C. § 77a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter VII: NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM / Section 77a: Functions of museum
Functions of museum
Status: in_force

The national air and space museum shall memorialize the national development of aviation and space flight; collect, preserve, and display aeronautical and space flight equipment of historical interest and significance; serve as a repository for scientific equipment and data pertaining to the development of aviation and space flight; and provide educational material for the historical study of aviation and space flight.

(Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, §2, 60 Stat. 998; Pub. L. 89–509, pt. I, §4, July 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 310.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1966—Pub. L. 89–509 substituted "national air and space museum" for "national air museum", inserted "and space flight" after "aviation" wherever appearing, and substituted "aeronautical and space flight equipment" for "aeronautical equipment".
20 U.S.C. § 1087ii (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1087ii: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

(a) Low-income communities

For the purpose of this part, the term "low-income communities" means communities in which there is a high concentration of children eligible to be counted under section 6333(c) of this title.

(b) High-risk children

For the purposes of this part, the term "high-risk children" means individuals under the age of 21 who are low-income or at risk of abuse or neglect, have been abused or neglected, have serious emotional, mental, or behavioral disturbances, reside in placements outside their homes, or are involved in the juvenile justice system.

(c) Infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities

For purposes of this part, the term "infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities" means children with disabilities and infants and toddlers with disabilities as defined in sections 1401 and 1432 of this title, respectively, and the term "early intervention services" has the meaning given the term in section 1432 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §469, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §465(d), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 583; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(e)(4), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4022; Pub. L. 108–446, title III, §305(c)(2), Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2805; Pub. L. 111–39, title IV, §405(7), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1947; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(oo)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2180.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "eligible to be counted under section 6333(c) of this title" for "eligible to be counted under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965".

2009—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted "and the term 'early intervention services' has the meaning given the term in section 1432 of this title." for "and the term 'qualified professional provider of early intervention services' has the meaning specified in section 1472(2) of this title."

2004—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–446 substituted "sections 1401 and 1432" for "sections 1401(a)(1) and 1472(1)".

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–382 substituted "title I" for "chapter 1 of title I".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1098aa (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1098aa: Short title; findings; reference
Short title; findings; reference
Status: in_force

(a) Short title

This part may be cited as the "Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003".

(b) Findings

The Congress finds the following:

(1) There is no more important cause than that of our nation's defense.

(2) The United States will protect the freedom and secure the safety of its citizens.

(3) The United States military is the finest in the world and its personnel are determined to lead the world in pursuit of peace.

(4) Hundreds of thousands of Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, Navy, and Coast Guard reservists and members of the National Guard have been called to active duty or active service.

(5) The men and women of the United States military put their lives on hold, leave their families, jobs, and postsecondary education in order to serve their country and do so with distinction.

(6) There is no more important cause for this Congress than to support the members of the United States military and provide assistance with their transition into and out of active duty and active service.

(c) Reference

References in this part to "the Act" are references to the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 108–76, §1, Aug. 18, 2003, 117 Stat. 904.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly set out in a note under section 1070 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003, and not as part of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which comprises this subchapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Sense of Congress

Pub. L. 110–93, §1, Sept. 30, 2007, 121 Stat. 999, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) the Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 [this part] addresses the unique situations that active duty military personnel and other affected individuals may face in connection with their enrollment in postsecondary institutions and their Federal student loans; and

"(2) the provisions authorized by such Act should be made permanent, thereby allowing the Secretary of Education to continue providing assistance to active duty service members and other affected individuals and their families."
20 U.S.C. § 9171 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter III: MUSEUM SERVICES / Section 9171: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) to encourage and support museums in carrying out their educational role, as core providers of learning and in conjunction with schools, families, and communities;

(2) to encourage and support museums in carrying out their public service role of connecting the whole of society to the cultural, artistic, historical, natural, and scientific understandings that constitute our diverse heritage;

(3) to encourage leadership, innovation, and applications of the most current technologies and practices to enhance museum services through international, national, regional, State, and local networks and partnerships;

(4) to assist, encourage, and support museums in carrying out their stewardship responsibilities to achieve the highest standards in conservation and care of the diverse cultural, historic, natural, and scientific heritage of the United States to benefit future generations;

(5) to assist, encourage, and support museums in achieving the highest standards of management and service to the public, and to ease the financial burden borne by museums as they serve their communities in new and different ways;

(6) to support resource sharing and partnerships among museums, libraries, schools, and other community organizations;

(7) to encourage and support museums as a part of economic development and revitalization in communities;

(8) to ensure museums of various types and sizes in diverse geographic regions of the United States are afforded attention and support;

(9) to support efforts at the State and regional levels to leverage museum resources and maximize museum services; and

(10) to assist museums in their civic engagement efforts to ensure that every person in the United States has access to high-quality museum services.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §272, formerly §271, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–302; renumbered §272 and amended Pub. L. 108–81, title III, §§301, 306(1), Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1000, 1002; Pub. L. 111–340, title III, §301, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3603; Pub. L. 115–410, §16, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5419.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 272 of Pub. L. 94–462 was renumbered section 273 and is classified to section 9172 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–410, §16(1), (2), redesignated par. (2) as (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "to encourage and support museums in carrying out their public service role of connecting the whole of society to the cultural, artistic, historical, natural, and scientific understandings that constitute our heritage;".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–410, §16(3), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (1).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–410, §16(4), inserted "diverse" before "cultural".

Par. (5). Pub. L. 115–410, §16(5), substituted "as they serve their communities in new and different ways" for "as a result of their increasing use by the public".

Par. (9). Pub. L. 115–410, §16(7), substituted "State and regional levels" for "State level" and "services; and" for "services."

Par. (10). Pub. L. 115–410, §16(6), (8), added par. (10).

2010—Par. (3). Pub. L. 111–340, §301(1), inserted "through international, national, regional, State, and local networks and partnerships" after "services".

Pars. (7) to (9). Pub. L. 111–340, §301(2)–(4), added pars. (7) to (9).

2003—Pub. L. 108–81, §301, amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "It is the purpose of this subchapter—

"(1) to encourage and assist museums in their educational role, in conjunction with formal systems of elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education and with programs of nonformal education for all age groups;

"(2) to assist museums in modernizing their methods and facilities so that the museums are better able to conserve the cultural, historic, and scientific heritage of the United States; and

"(3) to ease the financial burden borne by museums as a result of their increasing use by the public."
20 U.S.C. § 6682 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6682: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subpart:

(1) Classified school employee

The term "classified school employee" means an employee of a State or of any political subdivision of a State, or an employee of a nonprofit entity, who works in any grade from prekindergarten through high school in any of the following occupational specialties:

(A) Paraprofessional, including paraeducator services.

(B) Clerical and administrative services.

(C) Transportation services.

(D) Food and nutrition services.

(E) Custodial and maintenance services.

(F) Security services.

(G) Health and student services.

(H) Technical services.

(I) Skilled trades.

(2) Other definitions

The terms used in this subpart have the meanings given the terms in section 7801 of this title.

(Pub. L. 116–13, §3, Apr. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 847.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Recognizing Achievement in Classified School Employees Act, and not as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 4358 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 55: EDUCATION OF THE DEAF / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4358: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-244, title IX, §920, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1831
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-244, title IX, §920, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1831
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 99–371, title II, §208, as added Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §138, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2162, related to scholarship program for deaf education or special education careers.

A prior section 4358, Pub. L. 99–371, title II, §208, formerly title IV, §408, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 792; renumbered title II, §208, Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §101(b)(5), (6), Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, provided for a National Technical Institute for the Deaf endowment program, prior to repeal effective Oct. 1, 1992, by Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §§137(1), 161, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2159, 2164. See section 4357 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6331 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6331: Grants for the outlying areas and the Secretary of the Interior
Grants for the outlying areas and the Secretary of the Interior
Status: in_force

(a) Reservation of funds

Subject to subsection (e), from the amount appropriated for payments to States for any fiscal year under section 6302(a) of this title, the Secretary shall—

(1) reserve 0.4 percent to provide assistance to the outlying areas in accordance with subsection (b); and

(2) reserve 0.7 percent to provide assistance to the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with subsection (d).

(b) Assistance to outlying areas

(1) Funds reserved

From the amount made available for any fiscal year under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall—

(A) first reserve $1,000,000 for the Republic of Palau, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may establish, except that Public Law 95–134, permitting the consolidation of grants, shall not apply; and

(B) use the remaining funds to award grants to the outlying areas in accordance with paragraphs (2) through (5).

(2) Amount of grants

The Secretary shall allocate the amount available under paragraph (1)(B) to the outlying areas in proportion to their relative numbers of children, aged 5 to 17, inclusive, from families below the poverty level, on the basis of the most recent satisfactory data available from the Department of Commerce.

(3) Hold-harmless amounts

For each fiscal year, the amount made available to each outlying area under this subsection shall be—

(A) not less than 95 percent of the amount made available for the preceding fiscal year if the number of children counted under paragraph (2) is not less than 30 percent of the total number of children aged 5 to 17 years, inclusive, in the outlying area;

(B) not less than 90 percent of the amount made available for the preceding fiscal year if the percentage described in subparagraph (A) is between 15 percent and 30 percent; and

(C) not less than 85 percent of the amount made available for the preceding fiscal year if the percentage described in subparagraph (A) is below 15 percent.

(4) Ratable reductions

If the amount made available under paragraph (1)(B) for any fiscal year is insufficient to pay the full amounts that the outlying areas are eligible to receive under paragraphs (2) and (3) for that fiscal year, the Secretary shall ratably reduce those amounts.

(5) Uses

Grant funds awarded under paragraph (1)(A) may be used only—

(A) for programs described in this chapter, including teacher training, curriculum development, instructional materials, or general school improvement and reform; and

(B) to provide direct educational services that assist all students with meeting the challenging State academic standards.

(c) Definitions

For the purpose of this section, the term "outlying area" means the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(d) Allotment to the Secretary of the Interior

(1) In general

The amount allotted for payments to the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (a)(2) for any fiscal year shall be used, in accordance with such criteria as the Secretary may establish, to meet the unique educational needs of—

(A) Indian children on reservations served by elementary schools and secondary schools for Indian children operated or supported by the Department of the Interior; and

(B) out-of-State Indian children in elementary schools and secondary schools in local educational agencies under special contracts with the Department of the Interior.

(2) Payments

From the amount allotted for payments to the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (a)(2), the Secretary of the Interior shall make payments to local educational agencies, on such terms as the Secretary determines will best carry out the purposes of this part, with respect to out-of-State Indian children described in paragraph (1). The amount of such payment may not exceed, for each such child, the greater of—

(A) 40 percent of the average per-pupil expenditure in the State in which the agency is located; or

(B) 48 percent of such expenditure in the United States.

(e) Limitation on applicability

If, by reason of the application of subsection (a) for any fiscal year, the total amount available for allocation to all States under this part would be less than the amount allocated to all States for fiscal year 2016 under this part, the Secretary shall provide assistance to the outlying areas and the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with this section, as in effect on the day before December 10, 2015.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1121, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1513; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1014, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1876; Pub. L. 118–42, div. G, title II, §209(b)(4)(A), Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 443.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Public Law 95–134, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 95–134, Oct. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1159. Provisions relating to consolidation of grants are contained in section 501 of Pub. L. 95–134 which is classified to section 1469a of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6331, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1121, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3561, related to grants for outlying areas and the Secretary of the Interior, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 118–42 added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "first reserve $1,000,000 for the Republic of Palau, until Palau enters into an agreement for extension of United States educational assistance under the Compact of Free Association, and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may establish, except that Public Law 95–134, permitting the consolidation of grants, shall not apply; and".

2015—Pub. L. 114–95 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to reservation of one percent of funds for assistance to outlying areas and the Secretary of the Interior, grants to outlying areas, definitions, and allotment to the Secretary of the Interior to meet special educational needs of Indian children.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1138d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1138d: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §745, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VII, §701, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1798; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §707(g), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3360.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1138d, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1145, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title XI, §1101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 791, related to technical assistance and coordination contract, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, §3, title VII, §702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998.

A prior section 745 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132c–4 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

A prior section 1138e, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1146, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title XI, §1101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 791, defined terms "institution of higher education" and "public community agency", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, §3, title VII, §702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–315 substituted "such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years" for "$30,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years".
20 U.S.C. § 7491 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VI: INDIAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN, AND ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION / Section 7491: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this part:

(1) Adult

The term "adult" means an individual who—

(A) has attained the age of 16 years; or

(B) has attained an age that is greater than the age of compulsory school attendance under an applicable State law.

(2) Free public education

The term "free public education" means education that is—

(A) provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction, and without tuition charge; and

(B) provided as elementary or secondary education in the applicable State or to preschool children.

(3) Indian

The term "Indian" means an individual who is—

(A) a member of an Indian tribe or band, as membership is defined by the tribe or band, including—

(i) any tribe or band terminated since 1940; and

(ii) any tribe or band recognized by the State in which the tribe or band resides;

(B) a descendant, in the first or second degree, of an individual described in subparagraph (A);

(C) considered by the Secretary of the Interior to be an Indian for any purpose;

(D) an Eskimo, Aleut, or other Alaska Native; or

(E) a member of an organized Indian group that received a grant under the Indian Education Act of 1988 as in effect the day preceding October 20, 1994.

(4) Traditional leaders

The term "traditional leaders" has the meaning given the term in section 2902 of title 25.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6151, formerly title VII, §7151, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1931; renumbered title VI, §6151, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §6001(a), (b)(1), §6002(s), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, 2062.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Indian Education Act of 1988, as in effect the day preceding October 20, 1994, referred to in par. (3)(E), is part C (§§5301–5352) of title V of Pub. L. 100–297, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 395, which was classified principally to chapter 28 (§2601 et seq.) of Title 25, Indians, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §367, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3976.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7491, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7161, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3736, set forth special rule relating to transition, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 6151 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7321 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Amendments

2015—Par. (4). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(s), added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3481 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 3481: Gifts and bequests
Gifts and bequests
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized to accept, hold, administer, and utilize gifts, bequests and devises of property, both real and personal, and to accept donations of services, for the purpose of aiding or facilitating the work of the Department. Gifts, bequests, and devises of money and proceeds from sales of other property received as gifts, bequests, or devises shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be available for disbursement upon the order of the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title IV, §421, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 687; Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §271(d)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3930.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–382 inserted "and to accept donations of services," after "personal,".
20 U.S.C. § 1022e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT / Section 1022e: Teacher development
Teacher development
Status: in_force

(a) Annual goals

Each institution of higher education that conducts a traditional teacher preparation program (including programs that offer any ongoing professional development programs) or alternative routes to State certification or licensure program, and that enrolls students receiving Federal assistance under this chapter, shall set annual quantifiable goals for increasing the number of prospective teachers trained in teacher shortage areas designated by the Secretary or by the State educational agency, including mathematics, science, special education, and instruction of limited English proficient students.

(b) Assurances

Each institution described in subsection (a) shall provide assurances to the Secretary that—

(1) training provided to prospective teachers responds to the identified needs of the local educational agencies or States where the institution's graduates are likely to teach, based on past hiring and recruitment trends;

(2) training provided to prospective teachers is closely linked with the needs of schools and the instructional decisions new teachers face in the classroom;

(3) prospective special education teachers receive course work in core academic subjects and receive training in providing instruction in core academic subjects;

(4) general education teachers receive training in providing instruction to diverse populations, including children with disabilities, limited English proficient students, and children from low-income families; and

(5) prospective teachers receive training on how to effectively teach in urban and rural schools, as applicable.

(c) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to require an institution to create a new teacher preparation area of concentration or degree program or adopt a specific curriculum in complying with this section.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §206, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title II, §201(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3152.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 206 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1026 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–315.

Another prior section 206 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1026 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.
20 U.S.C. § 2741 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: BASIC PROGRAMS / Section 2741: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 2741, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1051, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 167, provided statement of purpose.

Section 2742, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1052, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 167; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(b), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 350, authorized grants to carry out Even Start programs.

Section 2743, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1053, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 167; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(c), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 351, related to allocation of funds.

Section 2744, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1054, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 168; amended Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(d), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 352, related to uses of funds.

Section 2745, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1055, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 169; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(e), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 352, related to eligible participants.

Section 2746, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1056, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 169; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(f), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 353, related to applications for grants.

Section 2747, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1057, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 170; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(g), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 353, related to award of grants.

Section 2748, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1058, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 171, required evaluations of programs.

Section 2749, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1059, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 172; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §303(h), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 353, authorized appropriations.

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 2751 to 2754 were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2751, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §131, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2173; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to exclusions from excess costs and comparability provisions for certain special State and local programs.

Section 2752, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §132, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2175, related to limited exemption to supplement, not supplant, requirement where certain special programs for educationally deprived children are fully funded.

Section 2753, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §133, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2176; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to schoolwide projects.

Section 2754, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §134, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2177, related to noninstructional duties.
20 U.S.C. § 6822 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter III: LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS / Section 6822: Native American and Alaska Native children in school
Native American and Alaska Native children in school
Status: in_force

(a) Eligible entities

For the purpose of carrying out programs under this part for individuals served by elementary schools, secondary schools, and postsecondary schools operated predominately for Native American children (including Alaska Native children), the following shall be considered to be an eligible entity:

(1) An Indian tribe.

(2) A tribally sanctioned educational authority.

(3) A Native Hawaiian or Native American Pacific Islander native language educational organization.

(4) An elementary school or secondary school that is operated or funded by the Bureau of Indian Education, or a consortium of such schools.

(5) An elementary school or secondary school operated under a contract with or grant from the Bureau of Indian Education, in consortium with another such school or a tribal or community organization.

(6) An elementary school or secondary school operated by the Bureau of Indian Education and an institution of higher education, in consortium with an elementary school or secondary school operated under a contract with or grant from the Bureau of Indian Education or a tribal or community organization.

(b) Submission of applications for assistance

Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, an entity that is considered to be an eligible entity under subsection (a), and that desires to receive Federal financial assistance under this subpart, shall submit an application to the Secretary.

(c) Special rule

An eligible entity described in subsection (a) that receives Federal financial assistance pursuant to this section shall not be eligible to receive a subgrant under section 6824 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3112, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1694; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title III, §3003(c), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1956.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3112 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6812 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "Bureau of Indian Education" for "Bureau of Indian Affairs" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 47 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 47: Acting Secretary
Acting Secretary
Status: in_force

The chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution may, by an instrument in writing filed in the office of the Secretary thereof, designate and appoint a suitable person to act as Secretary of the Institution when there shall be a vacancy in said office, and whenever the Secretary shall be unable from illness, absence, or other cause to perform the duties of his office; and in such case the person so appointed may perform all the duties imposed on the Secretary by law until the vacancy shall be filled or such inability shall cease. The said chancellor may change such designation and appointment from time to time as the interests of the Institution may in his judgment require.

(May 13, 1884, ch. 44, 23 Stat. 21.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Similar prior provisions were contained in act Jan. 24, 1879, ch. 21, 20 Stat. 264.
20 U.S.C. § 3221 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: DRUG EDUCATION / Section 3221: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3221, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5141, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 262; amended Pub. L. 101–226, §16, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1935, defined terms used in this subchapter.

A prior section 3221, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §701, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VII, §701, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2268; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title II, §201, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2369, provided short title of Bilingual Education Act, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 3222, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5142, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 263; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title III, §3310, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4251, related to functions of Secretary of Education.

A prior section 3222, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §702, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VII, §701, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2268; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title II, §201, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2370, related to policy and authorization of appropriations for bilingual education program, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 3223, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5143, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 264; amended Pub. L. 101–226, §17, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1935, related to participation of children and teachers from private nonprofit schools.

A prior section 3223, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §703, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VII, §701, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2269; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title II, §201, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2371; Pub. L. 98–524, §4(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2488, defined terms and set out general provisions for program of bilingual education, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 3224, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5144, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 264, related to materials produced or distributed under this subchapter.

Section 3224a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5145, as added Pub. L. 101–226, §22(b)(1), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1939; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title XV, §1509(f)(1), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4842, related to certification of drug and alcohol abuse prevention programs.

Section 3224b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5146, as added Pub. L. 101–226, §18, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1936; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title XV, §1509(g), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4842, related to dissemination of information and technical assistance.
20 U.S.C. § 7886 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7886: Private, religious, and home schools
Private, religious, and home schools
Status: in_force

(a) Applicability to nonrecipient private schools

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to affect any private school that does not receive funds or services under this chapter, nor shall any student who attends a private school that does not receive funds or services under this chapter be required to participate in any assessment referenced in this chapter.

(b) Applicability to home schools

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to affect a home school, whether or not a home school is treated as a home school or a private school under State law, nor shall any student schooled at home be required to participate in any assessment referenced in this chapter.

(c) Rule of construction on prohibition of Federal control over nonpublic schools

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to permit, allow, encourage, or authorize any Federal control over any aspect of any private, religious, or home school, whether or not a home school is treated as a private school or home school under State law. This section shall not be construed to bar private, religious, or home schools from participation in programs or services under this chapter.

(d) Rule of construction on State and local educational agency mandates

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require any State educational agency or local educational agency that receives funds under this chapter to mandate, direct, or control the curriculum of a private or home school, regardless or 1 whether or not a home school is treated as a private school under state 2 law, nor shall any funds under this chapter be used for this purpose.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8506, formerly title IX, §9506, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1979; renumbered title VIII, §8506, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)

1 So in original. Probably should be "of".

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
20 U.S.C. § 2007 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 42: HARRY S TRUMAN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 2007: Stipends
Stipends
Status: in_force

Each student awarded a scholarship under this chapter shall receive a stipend which shall not exceed the cost to such student for tuition, fees, books, room and board, or $10,000 (adjusted annually to reflect increases, if any, in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) whichever is less for each academic year of study.

(Pub. L. 93–642, §8, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278; Pub. L. 99–159, title V, §501, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 904.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–159 increased amount from $5,000 to $10,000 with provision for annual adjustments.