10 U.S.C. § 7446 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 753 / Section 7446: Cadets: requirements for admission
Cadets: requirements for admission
Status: in_force

(a) To be eligible for admission to the Academy a candidate must be at least 17 years of age and must not have passed his twenty-third birthday on July 1 of the year in which he enters the Academy.

(b) To be admitted to the Academy, an appointee must show, by an examination held under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, that he is qualified in the subjects prescribed by the Secretary.

(c) A candidate designated as a principal or an alternate for appointment as a cadet shall appear for physical examination at a time and place designated by the Secretary.

(d) To be admitted to the Academy, an appointee must take and subscribe to the following oath—

"I, ________________________, do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and bear true allegiance to the National Government; that I will maintain and defend the sovereignty of the United States, paramount to any and all allegiance, sovereignty, or fealty I may owe to any State or country whatsoever; and that I will at all times obey the legal orders of my superior officers, and the Uniform Code of Military Justice."

If a candidate for admission refuses to take this oath, his appointment is terminated.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 242, §4346; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title V, §555(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2527; renumbered §7446, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §808(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1839.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

4346(a)
4346(b)

4346(c) 

10:1092b (less provisos).
10:1096.

10:1095. 

June 30, 1950, ch. 421, §2 (less provisos), 64 Stat. 304.

4346(d) 
10:1099. 
R.S. 1319; restated Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 804 (1st proviso under "Permanent Establishment"), 31 Stat. 911.

  
 
Aug. 9, 1912, ch. 275 (2d proviso under "Permanent Establishment"), 37 Stat. 252.
R.S. 1320.

In subsection (a), the words "Effective January 1, 1951" are omitted as executed. The word "Calendar" is omitted as surplusage. The words "must not have passed his twenty-second birthday" are substituted for the words "not more than twenty-two years of age", to make it clear that a person whose twenty-second birthday falls on July 1 of the year of admission is eligible (see opinion of the Judge Advocate General of the Army (JAGA 1952/7083, 2 Sept. 1952)).

In subsection (b), the words "To be" are substituted for the words "before they shall be". The words "must show * * * that he is qualified" are substituted for the words "shall be required to be well versed". The words "from time to time" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (c), the word "shall" is substituted for the word "may", since the nominee is required to appear for the examination. The word "appear" is substituted for the words "present himself". The words "at a place" are substituted for the words "at West Point, New York, or other prescribed places".

In subsection (d), the word "county" is omitted as surplusage. The words "Uniform Code of Military Justice" are substituted for the words "rules and articles governing the armies of the United States", since the Articles of War have been superseded by the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The words "his appointment is terminated" are substituted for the words "shall be dismissed from the service", since a cadet who has not taken the oath is not yet a member.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 4346 of this title as this section.

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "twenty-third birthday" for "twenty-second birthday".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Consideration of Standardized Test Scores in Military Service Academy Application Process

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title V, §563, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 274, provided that: "The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the United States Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, and the United States Air Force Academy require the submission and consideration of standardized test scores as part of the application process."

Temporary Authority To Waive Maximum Age Limitation on Admission to the Military Service Academies

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title V, §553, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1413, as amended by Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1072(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 995, provided that:

"(a) Waiver for Certain Enlisted Members.—The Secretary of the military department concerned may waive the maximum age limitation specified in section 4346(a), 6958(a)(1), or 9346(a) [now 7446(a), 8458(a)(1), or 9446(a)] of title 10, United States Code, for the admission of an enlisted member of the Armed Forces to the United States Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, or the United States Air Force Academy if the member—

"(1) satisfies the eligibility requirements for admission to that academy (other than the maximum age limitation); and

"(2) was or is prevented from being admitted to a military service academy before the member reached the maximum age specified in such sections as a result of service on active duty in a theater of operations for Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, or Operation New Dawn.

"(b) Maximum Age for Receipt of Waiver.—A waiver may not be granted under this section if the candidate would pass the candidate's twenty-sixth birthday by July 1 of the year in which the candidate would enter the military service academy pursuant to the waiver.

"(c) Limitation on Number Admitted Using Waiver.—Not more than five candidates may be admitted to each of the military service academies for an academic year pursuant to a waiver granted under this section.

"(d) Record Keeping Requirement.—The Secretary of each military department shall maintain records on the number of graduates of the military service academy under the jurisdiction of the Secretary who are admitted pursuant to a waiver granted under this section and who remain in the Armed Forces beyond the active duty service obligation assumed upon graduation. The Secretary shall compare their retention rate to the retention rate of graduates of that academy generally.

"(e) Duration of Waiver Authority.—The authority to grant a waiver under this section expires on September 30, 2016."

Authority To Waive Maximum Age Limitation on Admission to Service Academies for Certain Enlisted Members Who Served During Persian Gulf War

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, §514, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1361, provided that:

"(a) Waiver Authority.—The Secretary of the military department concerned may waive the maximum age limitation in section 4346(a), 6958(a)(1), or 9346(a) [now 7446(a), 8458(a)(1), or 9446(a)] of title 10, United States Code, in the case of any enlisted member of the Armed Forces who—

"(1) becomes 22 years of age while serving on active duty in the Persian Gulf area of operations in connection with Operation Desert Storm during the Persian Gulf War; or

"(2) was a candidate for admission to the service academy under the jurisdiction of such Secretary in 1990, was prevented from being admitted to the academy during that year by reason of the service of such person on active duty in the Persian Gulf area of operations in connection with Operation Desert Storm, and became 22 years of age after July 1, 1990, and before the end of such service in that area of operations.

"(b) Definitions.—For purposes of this section:

"(1) The term 'Operation Desert Storm' has the meaning given such term in section 3(1) of the Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–25; 105 Stat. 77; 10 U.S.C. 101 note).

"(2) The term 'Persian Gulf War' has the meaning given such term in section 101(33) of title 38, United States Code."

Persons From Countries Assisting U.S. in Vietnam; Service Academy Instruction: Oath of Trainees

Exemption from oath requirement of subsec. (d) of this section of appointees to the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy from countries assisting U.S. in Vietnam, see Pub. L. 89–802, §1(g), Nov. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 1519, formerly set out as a note under section 4344 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 12203 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 1205 / Section 12203: Commissioned officers: appointment, how made; term
Commissioned officers: appointment, how made; term
Status: in_force

(a) Appointments of reserve officers in commissioned grades of lieutenant colonel and commander or below, except commissioned warrant officer, shall be made by the President alone. Appointments of reserve officers in commissioned grades above lieutenant colonel and commander shall be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, except as provided in section 624, 12213, or 12214 of this title.

(b) Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President, the Secretary of Defense may appoint as a reserve commissioned officer any regular officer transferred from the active-duty list of an armed force to the reserve active-status list of a reserve component under section 647 of this title, notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (a).

(c) Appointments of Reserves in commissioned grades are for an indefinite term and are held during the pleasure of the President.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 25, §593; Pub. L. 85–861, §1(10)(C), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 92–129, title VI, §601, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §501(7), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2907; renumbered §12203 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1632, 1662(c)(2), 1675(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2965, 2990, 3017; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(a)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §501(c)(4), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1874; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(b)(54), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4372; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §501(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1343.)

Historical and Revision Notes
1956 Act

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

593(a)

 
593(b) 

50:942.
50:943.

50:945.

50:948 (less 3d and 4th sentences, as applicable to commissioned officers). 

July 9, 1952, ch. 608, §§218, 219, 221, 224 (less 3d and 4th sentences, as applicable to commissioned officers), 66 Stat. 487.

In subsection (a), the word "alone" is inserted for clarity. The exception as to commissioned warrant officers is inserted to reflect section 597 of this title, since reserve chief warrant officers of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard are appointed by commission by the Secretary concerned.

In subsection (b), 50:948 (2d and last sentences) is omitted as executed.

1958 Act

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

593(a) 
[No source]. 
[No source].

The exception is inserted to reflect section 3352(b) of title 10, United States Code.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "the Secretary of Defense" for "the Secretary concerned".

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–383 substituted "of" for "above" in first sentence.

2004—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 108–375 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 103–337, §1632. See 1994 Amendment note below.

1994—Pub. L. 103–337, §1662(c)(2), renumbered section 593 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–337, §1675(b), substituted "12213, or 12214" for "3352, or 8352".

Pub. L. 103–337, §1632, as amended by Pub. L. 104–106, substituted "reserve officers in commissioned grades of lieutenant colonel and commander or below" for "Reserves in commissioned grades below lieutenant colonel and commander" and "reserve officers in commissioned grades above lieutenant colonel and commander" for "Reserves in commissioned grades above major and lieutenant commander".

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–513 inserted reference to section 624 of this title.

1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–129 substituted "below lieutenant colonel and commander" for "below general officer and flag officer", "in commissioned grades above major and lieutenant commander" for "as general and flag officers", and "section 3352 or 8352 of this title" for "section 3352 of this title".

1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–861 inserted ", except as provided in section 3352 of this title" after "consent of the Senate".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–375 effective on the first day of the first month beginning more than 180 days after Oct. 28, 2004, see section 501(g) of Pub. L. 108–375, set out as a note under section 531 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective as if included in the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, title XVI of Pub. L. 103–337, as enacted on Oct. 5, 1994, see section 1501(f)(3) of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as a note under section 113 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by sections 1662(c)(2) and 1675(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, and amendment by section 1632 of Pub. L. 103–337 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Sept. 15, 1981, see section 701 of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Indefinite Appointments for Certain Reserve Officers

Act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §41, 70A Stat. 636, provided that: "Each person who was a reserve officer on July 9, 1952, and who did not hold an appointment for an indefinite term on that date, shall be given an appointment for an indefinite term in place of the appointment he then held, if after written notification by competent authority before July 2, 1953, the officer agrees in writing to have that appointment continued for an indefinite term. In the event such officer does not agree in writing, the term of his current appointment shall not be changed by this section."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For assignment of functions of President under first sentence of subsec. (a) of this section, see sections 1(b) and 2(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 13358, Sept. 28, 2004, 69 F.R. 58797, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.
10 U.S.C. § 2143 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 106A / Section 2143: Educational assistance: amount
Educational assistance: amount
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to subsection (b), an educational assistance program established under section 2141 of this title shall provide for payment by the Secretary concerned of educational expenses incurred for instruction at an accredited institution by a person entitled to such assistance under this chapter. Expenses for which payment may be made under this section include tuition, fees, books, laboratory fees, and shop fees for consumable materials used as part of classroom or laboratory instruction. Payments under this section shall be limited to those educational expenses normally incurred by students at the institution involved.

(b)(1) The Secretary concerned shall establish the amount of educational assistance for a standard academic year (or the equivalent) to which a person becomes entitled under this chapter at the time of an enlistment described in section 2142 of this title. Depending on the needs of the service, different amounts may be established for different categories of persons or enlistments. The amount of educational assistance to which any person is entitled shall be adjusted in accordance with section 2145 of this title.

(2) The amount of educational assistance which may be provided to any person for a standard academic year (or the equivalent) may not exceed $1,200, adjusted in accordance with section 2145 of this title.

(c) In this section, the term "accredited institution" means a civilian college or university or a trade, technical, or vocational school in the United States (including the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands) that provides education at the postsecondary level and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association or by an accrediting agency or association recognized by the Secretary of Education.

(Added Pub. L. 96–342, title IX, §901(a), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1112; amended Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1231(18)(A), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1161.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–180 inserted "the term" after "In this section,".
10 U.S.C. § 20252 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 2005 / Subchapter IV / Section 20252: Special selection boards; correction of errors
Special selection boards; correction of errors
Status: in_force

(a) Persons Not Considered by Promotion Board Because of Administrative Error.—

(1) Convening of board.—In the case of an officer or former officer who the Secretary of the Air Force determines was not considered for selection for promotion by a selection board convened under section 20211 of this title because of administrative error, the Secretary shall convene a special selection board under this subsection to determine whether that officer or former officer should be recommended for promotion.

(2) Board composition; oath.—Any such board shall be convened under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense and shall be appointed and composed in accordance with section 20212 of this title and shall include the representation of competitive categories required by that section. The members of a board convened under this subsection shall be required to take an oath in the same manner as prescribed in section 14103 of this title.

(3) Record considered by board.—A special selection board convened under paragraph (1) shall consider the record of the officer or former officer as that record would have appeared to the selection board that should have considered the officer or former officer. That record shall be compared with a sampling of the records of those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were recommended for promotion, and those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were not recommended for promotion, by that board.

(4) Effect.—If a special selection board convened under paragraph (1) does not recommend for promotion an officer or former officer in a grade below the grade of colonel whose name was referred to it for consideration, the officer or former officer shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion.

(b) Officers Considered but Not Selected; Material Error.—

(1) Convening of board.—In the case of an officer or former officer who was eligible for promotion and was considered for selection for promotion by a selection board convened under section 20211 of this title but was not selected, the Secretary of the Air Force may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, convene a special selection board under this subsection to determine whether the officer or former officer should be recommended for promotion, if the Secretary must determine that—

(A) the action of the selection board that considered the officer or former officer was contrary to law in a matter material to the decision of the board or involved material error of fact or material administrative error; or

(B) the board did not have before it for its consideration material information.

(2) Board composition; oath.—A special selection board convened under paragraph (1) shall be appointed and composed in accordance with section 20212 of this title (including the representation of competitive categories required by that section), and the members of such a board shall take an oath in the same manner as prescribed in section 14103 of this title.

(3) Record considered by board.—The special selection board shall consider the record of the officer or former officer as that record, if corrected, would have appeared to the board that considered the officer or former officer. That record shall be compared with the records of a sampling of those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were recommended for promotion, and those officers of the same grade and competitive category who were not recommended for promotion, by that board.

(4) Effect.—If a special selection board convened under paragraph (1) does not recommend for promotion an officer or former officer whose name was referred to it for consideration, the officer or former officer incurs no additional failure of selection for promotion.

(c) Report of Board.—Each special selection board convened under this section shall submit to the Secretary of the Air Force a written report, signed by each member of the board, containing the name of each officer or former officer it recommends for promotion and certifying that the board has carefully considered the record of each officer or former officer whose name was referred to it.

(d) Applicable Provisions.—The provisions of sections 20215 and 20216 of this title apply to the report and proceedings of a special selection board convened under this section in the same manner as they apply to the report and proceedings of a selection board convened under section 20211 of this title.

(e) Appointment of Officers Recommended for Promotion.—

(1) Promotion.—An officer or former officer whose name is placed on a promotion list as a result of a recommendation for promotion by a special selection board convened under this section shall, as soon as practicable, be appointed to the next higher grade in accordance with the law and policies which would have been applicable had the officer or former officer been recommended for promotion by the board which should have considered or which did consider the officer of former officer.

(2) Status of promoted officer.—An officer who is promoted to the next higher grade as the result of the recommendation of a special selection board convened under this section shall, upon such promotion, have the same date of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of that grade, and the same position on the Space Force officer list as the officer would have had if the officer had been recommended for promotion to that grade by the selection board which should have considered, or which did consider, the officer.

(3) Correction of military record.—If the report of a special selection board convened under this section, as approved by the President, recommends for promotion to the next higher grade an officer not currently eligible for promotion or a former officer whose name was referred to it for consideration, the Secretary of the Air Force may act under section 1552 of this title to correct the military record of the officer or former officer to correct an error or remove an injustice resulting from not being selected for promotion by the board which should have considered, or which did consider, the officer.

(f) Prescribing of Circumstances for Consideration by Board.—The Secretary of Defense may prescribe by regulation—

(1) the circumstances under which consideration by a special selection board is contingent upon application for consideration by an officer or former officer; and

(2) time limits within which an officer or former officer must make such application in order to be considered by a special selection board under this section.

(g) Convening of Boards.—A board convened under this section—

(1) shall be convened under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense;

(2) shall be composed in accordance with section 20212 of this title and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force; and

(3) shall be subject to the provisions of section 613 of this title.

(h) Limitation of Other Jurisdiction.—No official or court of the United States shall have power or jurisdiction—

(1) over any claim based in any way on the failure of an officer or former officer of the armed forces to be selected for promotion by a selection board convened under this chapter until—

(A) the claim has been referred to a special selection board by the Secretary of the Air Force and acted upon by that board; or

(B) the claim has been rejected by the Secretary without consideration by a special selection board; or

(2) to grant any relief on such a claim unless the officer or former officer has been selected for promotion by a special selection board convened under this section to consider the officer or former officer's claim.

(i) Judicial Review.—(1) A court of the United States may review a determination by the Secretary of the Air Force under subsection (a)(1), (b)(1), or (e)(3) not to convene a special selection board. If a court finds the determination to be arbitrary or capricious, not based on substantial evidence, or otherwise contrary to law, it shall remand the case to the Secretary, who shall provide for consideration of the officer or former officer by a special selection board under this section.

(2) If a court finds that the action of a special selection board which considers an officer or former officer was contrary to law or involved material error of fact or material administrative error, it shall remand the case to the Secretary, who shall provide the officer or former officer reconsideration by a new special selection board.

(j) Designation of Boards.—The Secretary of the Air Force may designate a promotion board convened under section 20201(a) of this title as a special selection board convened under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, §1716(c), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 650, §20251; renumbered §20252 and amended Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §521(v), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1883.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Pub. L. 118–159, §521(v)(2), renumbered the second section 20251 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 118–159, §521(v)(1)(A)(i), substituted "(1)" for "((1)" and "such" for "sch".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 118–159, §521(v)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "an officer" for "a officer".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 118–159, §521(v)(1)(B), substituted "which an officer" for "which of officer".
10 U.S.C. § 850 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 47 / Subchapter VII / Section 850: Art. 50. Admissibility of sworn testimony from records of courts of inquiry
Art. 50. Admissibility of sworn testimony from records of courts of inquiry
Status: in_force

(a) Use as Evidence by Any Party.—In any case not capital and not extending to the dismissal of a commissioned officer, the sworn testimony, contained in the duly authenticated record of proceedings of a court of inquiry, of a person whose oral testimony cannot be obtained, may, if otherwise admissible under the rules of evidence, be read in evidence by any party before a court-martial or military commission if the accused was a party before the court of inquiry and if the same issue was involved or if the accused consents to the introduction of such evidence. This section does not apply to a military commission established under chapter 47A of this title.

(b) Use as Evidence by Defense.—Such testimony may be read in evidence only by the defense in capital cases or cases extending to the dismissal of a commissioned officer.

(c) Use in Courts of Inquiry and Military Boards.—Such testimony may also be read in evidence before a court of inquiry or a military board.

(d) Audiotape or Videotape.—Sworn testimony that—

(1) is recorded by audiotape, videotape, or similar method; and

(2) is contained in the duly authenticated record of proceedings of a court of inquiry;

is admissible before a court-martial, military commission, court of inquiry, or military board, to the same extent as sworn testimony may be read in evidence before any such body under subsection (a), (b), or (c).

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 54; Pub. L. 109–366, §4(a)(2), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2631; Pub. L. 114–328, div. E, title LVII, §5232, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2915.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

850(a)
850(b) 

50:625(a).
50:625(b). 

May 5, 1950, ch. 169, §1 (Art. 50), 64 Stat. 124.

850(c) 
50:625(c).

In subsections (a) and (b), the word "commissioned" is inserted for clarity.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2016—Pub. L. 114–328, §5232(b), amended section catchline generally, substituting "Admissibility of sworn testimony from records of courts of inquiry" for "Admissibility of records of courts of inquiry".

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, §5232(c)(1), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–328, §5232(c)(2), inserted heading.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328, §5232(c)(3), inserted heading.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §5232(a), added subsec. (d).

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–366 inserted last sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–328 effective on Jan. 1, 2019, as designated by the President, with implementing regulations and provisions relating to applicability to various situations, see section 5542 of Pub. L. 114–328 and Ex. Ord. No. 13825, set out as notes under section 801 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 701 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 40 / Section 701: Entitlement and accumulation
Entitlement and accumulation
Status: in_force

(a) A member of an armed force is entitled to leave at the rate of 2½ calendar days for each month of active service, excluding periods of—

(1) absence from duty without leave;

(2) absence over leave;

(3) confinement as the result of a sentence of a court-martial; and

(4) leave required to be taken under section 876a of this title.

Full-time training, or other full-time duty for a period of more than 29 days, performed under section 316, 502, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32 by a member of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States in his status as a member of the National Guard, and for which he is entitled to pay, is active service for the purposes of this section.

(b) Except as provided in subsections (e) and (f), a member may not accumulate more than 60 days' leave. However, leave taken during a fiscal year may be charged to leave accumulated during that fiscal year without regard to this limitation.

(c) A member who retired after August 9, 1946, who is continued on, or is recalled to active duty, may have his leave which accumulated during his service before retirement carried over to his period of service after retirement.

(d) Leave taken before discharge is considered to be active service.

(e)(1) The Secretary concerned, under uniform regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, may authorize a member described in paragraph (2) to retain not more than 30 days of excess leave.

(2) A member described in this paragraph is a member who—

(A)(i) serves on active duty for a continuous period of at least 120 days for which the member is entitled to special pay under section 310(a) of title 37; or

(ii) is assigned to a deployable ship or mobile unit or to other duty designated for the purposes of this section;

(B) except for this subsection, would lose any excess leave at the end of the fiscal year; and

(C) receives, from the first officer in a grade above O-6 in the chain of command of such member, written authorization to retain such excess leave.

(3) Excess leave retained by a member under this subsection shall be forfeited unless used before the end of the second fiscal year after the end of the fiscal year in which the service or assignment described in paragraph (2)(A) terminated.

(4) In this subsection, the term "excess leave" means leave accrued by a member in excess of the number of days of leave authorized to be accumulated under subsection (b).

(f) A member who is in a missing status, as defined in section 551(2) of title 37, accumulates leave without regard to the limitations in subsections (b) and (e). Notwithstanding the death of a member while in a missing status, he continues to earn leave through the date—

(1) the Secretary concerned receives evidence that the member is dead; or

(2) that his death is prescribed or determined under section 555 of title 37.

Leave accumulated while in missing status shall be accounted for separately. It may not be taken, but shall be paid for under section 501(h) of title 37. However, a member whose death is prescribed or determined under section 555 or 556 of title 37 may, in addition to leave accrued before entering a missing status, accrue not more than 150 days' leave during the period he is in a missing status, unless his actual death occurs on a date when, had he lived, he would have accrued leave in excess of 150 days, in which event settlement will be made for the number of days accrued to the actual date of death. Leave so accrued in a missing status shall be accounted for separately and paid for under the provisions of section 501 of title 37.

(g) A member who has taken leave in excess of that authorized by this section and who is being discharged or released from active duty for the purpose of accepting an appointment or a warrant in an armed force, or of entering into an enlistment or an extension of an enlistment in an armed force, may elect to have excess leave of up to 30 days or the maximum number of days of leave that could be earned in the new term of service, whichever is less, carried over to that new term of service to count against leave that will accrue on the new term of service. A member shall be required, at the time of his discharge or release from active duty, to pay for excess leave not carried over under this subsection.

(h)(1)(A) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a member of the armed forces described in paragraph (2) is allowed up to a total of 12 weeks of parental leave during the one-year period beginning after the following events:

(i) The birth or adoption of a child of the member and in order to care for such child.

(ii) The placement of a minor child with the member for adoption or long-term foster care.

(B)(i) The Secretary concerned, under uniform regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, may authorize leave described under subparagraph (A) to be taken after the one-year period described in such paragraph in the case of a member described in paragraph (2) who, except for this subparagraph, would lose unused parental leave at the end of the one-year period described in subparagraph (A) as a result of—

(I) operational requirements;

(II) professional military education obligations; or

(III) other circumstances that the Secretary determines reasonable and appropriate.

(ii) The regulations prescribed under clause (i) shall require that any leave authorized to be taken after the one-year period described in subparagraph (A) shall be taken within a reasonable period of time, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, after cessation of the circumstances warranting the extended deadline.

(2) Paragraph (1) applies to the following members:

(A) A member on active duty.

(B) A member of a reserve component performing active Guard and Reserve duty.

(C) A member of a reserve component subject to an active duty recall or mobilization order in excess of 12 months.

(D) A member of the Space Force in a space force active status, not on sustained duty.

(3)(A) A member who has given birth may receive medical convalescent leave in conjunction with such birth. Medical convalescent leave in excess of the leave under paragraph (1) may be authorized if such additional medical convalescent leave—

(i) is specifically recommended, in writing, by the medical provider of the member to address a diagnosed medical condition; and

(ii) is approved by the commander of the member.

(B) Convalescent leave may be authorized under subparagraph (A) only for a medical condition of a member and may not be authorized for a member in connection with a condition of a dependent or other family member of the member.

(4) Any leave taken by a member under this subsection, including leave under paragraphs (1) and (3), may be taken in more than one increment in connection with such birth or adoption in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned.

(5)(A) Any leave authorized by this subsection that is not taken within one year of such birth or adoption shall be forfeited, subject to the exceptions in paragraph (1)(B)(ii).

(B) Any leave authorized by this subsection for a member of a reserve component, or of the Space Force, on active duty that is not taken by the time the member is separated from active duty shall be forfeited at that time.

(6) The period of active duty of a member of a reserve component, or of the Space Force, may not be extended in order to permit the member to take leave authorized by this subsection.

(7)(A) Leave authorized by this subsection is in addition to any other leave provided under other provisions of this section.

(B) Medical convalescent leave under paragraph (3) is in addition to any other leave provided under other provisions of this subsection.

(i) A member of a reserve component, or of the Space Force, who accumulates leave during a period of active service may carry over any leave so accumulated to the member's next period of active service, subject to the accumulation limits in subsections (b) and (e), without regard to separation or release from active service if the separation or release is under honorable conditions. The taking of leave carried over under this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of this section.

(j) A member of the armed forces who gives birth while on active duty may be deployed during the period of 12 months beginning on the date of such birth only with the approval of a health care provider employed at a military medical treatment facility and—

(1) at the election of such member; or

(2) in the interest of national security, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.

(k) A member of the armed forces who, while on active duty, gives birth, loses a pregnancy, or has a stillbirth, may be required to meet body composition standards or pass a physical fitness test during the period of 12 months beginning on the date of such birth, loss of pregnancy, or stillbirth only with the approval of a health care provider employed at a military medical treatment facility and—

(1) at the election of such member; or

(2) in the interest of national security, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.

(l)(1)(A) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a member of the armed forces described in subparagraph (B) is allowed up to two weeks of leave to be used in connection with the death of an immediate family member.

(B) Subparagraph (A) applies to the following members:

(i) A member on active duty.

(ii) A member of a reserve component performing active Guard and Reserve duty.

(iii) A member of a reserve component subject to an active duty recall or mobilization order in excess of 12 months.

(2) Under the regulations prescribed for purposes of this subsection, a member taking leave under paragraph (1) shall not have his or her leave account reduced as a result of taking such leave if such member's accrued leave is fewer than 30 days. Members with 30 or more days of accrued leave shall be charged for bereavement leave until such point that the member's accrued leave is less than 30 days. Any remaining bereavement leave taken by such member in accordance with paragraph (1) after such point shall not be chargeable to the member.

(3) In this section, the term "immediate family member", with respect to a member of the armed forces, means—

(A) the member's spouse; or

(B) a child of the member.

(m)(1) Except as provided by subsection (h)(3), and under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a member of the armed forces diagnosed with a medical condition is allowed convalescent leave if—

(A) the medical or behavioral health provider of the member—

(i) determines that the member is not yet fit for duty as a result of that condition; and

(ii) recommends such leave for the member to provide for the convalescence of the member from that condition; and

(B) the commanding officer of the member or the commander of the military medical treatment facility authorizes such leave for the member.

(2) A member may take not more than 30 days of convalescent leave under paragraph (1) with respect to a condition described in that paragraph unless—

(A) such leave in excess of 30 days is authorized by—

(i) the Secretary concerned; or

(ii) an individual at the level designated by the Secretary concerned, but not below the grade of O–5 or the civilian equivalent; or

(B) the member is authorized to receive convalescent leave under subsection (h)(3) in conjunction with the birth of a child.

(3)(A) Convalescent leave may be authorized under paragraph (1) only for a medical condition of a member and may not be authorized for a member in connection with a condition of a dependent or other family member of the member.

(B) In authorizing convalescent leave for a member under paragraph (1) with respect to a condition described in that paragraph, the commanding officer of the member or the commander of the military medical treatment facility, as the case may be, shall—

(i) limit the duration of such leave to the minimum necessary in relation to the diagnosis, prognosis, and probable final disposition of the condition of the member; and

(ii) authorize leave tailored to the specific medical needs of the member rather than (except for convalescent leave provided for under subsection (h)(3)) authorizing leave based on a predetermined formula.

(4) A member taking convalescent leave under paragraph (1) shall not have the member's leave account reduced as a result of taking such leave.

(5) In this subsection, the term "military medical treatment facility" means a facility described in subsection (b), (c), or (d) of section 1073d of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 87–649, §3(1), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 492; amended Pub. L. 89–151, §3, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 90–245, §1, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 782; Pub. L. 92–596, §1, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1317; Pub. L. 96–579, §10, Dec. 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 3368; Pub. L. 97–81, §2(a), Nov. 20, 1981, 95 Stat. 1085; Pub. L. 98–94, title X, §1031(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1405(18), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2622; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title V, §506(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3864; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §638, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §542(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §593(a), title VI, §682, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3280, 3321; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §551(a)–(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, §532(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4449; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §504, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2277; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title V, §516(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4213; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §521, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1722; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, §521(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2113; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §§571, 572, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1403; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §§621(a), 622(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1770, 1771; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §§631(a), (b), 632(a), 633(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2631–2633; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, §1722(d)(1), title XVIII, §1801(a)(10), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 670, 684; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title VI, §602, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1931.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

701(a)

 
701(b)

701(c)

701(d)

701(e) 

37:31a(a) (1st, 2d, and last sentences).
37:31a(b) (less proviso).

37:31a(a) (8th sentence).

37:31a(a) (3d sentence).

37:31a(a) (9th sentence). 

Aug. 9, 1946, ch. 931, §3(a) (less 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th sentences), (b) (less proviso), 60 Stat. 963; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 998, §1, 64 Stat. 978; Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §23, 70A, Stat. 630.

In subsection (a), the 2d sentence of section 31a(a) of existing title 37 is omitted as inconsistent with subsection (b).

In subsection (b), the words "(other than a member on terminal leave on September 1, 1946)" and "at any time after August 31, 1946" are omitted as executed. The words "or regulation" are omitted, since a regulation cannot override a statute. The words "or have to his credit" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsections (b) and (c), the word "accrued" is omitted as covered by the word "accumulated".

In subsection (e), the words "before or after August 9, 1946" and section 31a(a) (words after semicolon in 9th sentence) of existing title 37 are omitted as executed.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 118–159, in introductory provisions, substituted ", while on active duty, gives birth, loses a pregnancy, or has a stillbirth," for "gives birth while on active duty" and "such birth, loss of pregnancy, or stillbirth" for "such birth".

2023—Subsec. (h)(2)(D). Pub. L. 118–31, §1722(d)(1)(A)(i), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (h)(5)(B), (6). Pub. L. 118–31, §1722(d)(1)(A)(ii), inserted ", or of the Space Force," after "member of a reserve component".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 118–31, §1722(d)(1)(B), inserted ", or of the Space Force," after "member of a reserve component".

Subsec. (l)(1)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, §1801(a)(10), redesignated cls. (A) to (C) as (i) to (iii), respectively.

2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(b)(1), substituted "subsections (e) and (f)" for "subsections (d), (f), and (g)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding subsection (b), during the period beginning on October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2015, a member may accumulate up to 75 days of leave."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–263, §632(a), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which related to authority to allow certain members of the armed forces who would lose accumulated leave in excess of 60 or 75 days, as the case may be, to retain accumulated total of 120 days of leave.

Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(b)(2), substituted "subsections (b) and (e)" for "subsections (b), (d), and (f)" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 117–263, §633(b), which directed amendment of par. (4) of subsec. (h) by designating existing provisions as subpar. (A), redesignating former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii) of subpar. (A), and adding subpar. (B), was executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of par. (4) as (3) by Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), effective one year after Dec. 27, 2021. See 2021 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(b)(3), substituted "subsections (b) and (e)" for "subsections (b), (d), and (f)".

Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).

Subsecs. (j) to (l). Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (k) to (m) as (j) to (l), respectively. Former subsec. (j) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 117–263, §633(a), added subsec. (m).

Pub. L. 117–263, §631(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (m) as (l).

2021—Subsec. (i)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted "a member of the armed forces described in paragraph (2) is allowed up to a total of 12 weeks of parental leave during the one-year period beginning after the following events:" and cls. (i) and (ii) for "a member of the armed forces described in paragraph (2) who is the primary caregiver in the case of the birth of a child is allowed up to twelve weeks of total leave, including up to six weeks of medical convalescent leave, to be used in connection with such birth."

Subsec. (i)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(A)(ii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "Under the regulations prescribed for purposes of this subsection, a member of the armed forces described in paragraph (2) who is the primary caregiver in the case of the adoption of a child is allowed up to six weeks of total leave to be used in connection with such adoption."

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(C), substituted "A member who has given birth may receive medical convalescent leave in conjunction with such birth. Medical convalescent leave in excess of the leave under paragraph (1) may be authorized if such additional medical convalescent leave" for "Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(A), a member may receive more than six weeks of medical convalescent leave in connection with the birth of a child, but only if the additional medical convalescent leave" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall prescribe in the regulations referred to in paragraph (1) a definition of the term 'primary caregiver' for purposes of this subsection."

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(D), substituted "paragraphs (1) and (3)" for "paragraphs (1) and (4)".

Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (5) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (6) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (i)(5)(A). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(E), inserted ", subject to the exceptions in paragraph (1)(B)(ii)" after "shall be forfeited".

Subsec. (i)(6). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (7) as (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (9) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (i)(7)(B). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(F), substituted "paragraph (3)" for "paragraph (4)".

Subsec. (i)(8). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), struck out par. (8) which read as follows: "Under the regulations prescribed for purposes of this subsection, a member taking leave under paragraph (1) may, as a condition for taking such leave, be required—

"(A) to accept an extension of the member's current service obligation, if any, by one week for every week of leave taken under paragraph (1); or

"(B) to incur a reduction in the member's leave account by one week for every week of leave taken under paragraph (1)."

Subsec. (i)(9), (10). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (9) as (7) and struck out par. (10) which read as follows:

"(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), a member taking leave under paragraph (1) during a period of obligated service shall not be eligible for terminal leave, or to sell back leave, at the end such period of obligated service.

"(B) Under the regulations for purposes of this subsection, the Secretary concerned may waive, whether in whole or in part, the applicability of subparagraph (A) to a member who reenlists at the end of the member's period of obligated service described in that subparagraph if the Secretary determines that the waiver is in the interests of the armed force concerned."

Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (k) and (l) as (j) and (k), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (j) which related to leave for secondary caregivers in case of birth of child or adoption of child.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 117–81, §621(a)(3), added subsec. (l). Former subsec. (l) redesignated (k).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 117–81, §622(a), added subsec. (m).

2019—Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 116–92, §571, substituted "in more than one increment" for "only in one increment" and inserted "in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned" before period at end.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 116–92, §572, added subsec. (l).

2016—Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 114–328 added subsecs. (i) and (j) and struck out former subsecs. (i) and (j) which read as follows:

"(i)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, a member of the armed forces adopting a child in a qualifying child adoption is allowed up to 21 days of leave in a calendar year to be used in connection with the adoption.

"(2) For the purpose of this subsection, an adoption of a child by a member is a qualifying child adoption if the member is eligible for reimbursement of qualified adoption expenses for such adoption under section 1052 of this title.

"(3) In the event that two members of the armed forces who are married to each other adopt a child in a qualifying child adoption, only one such member shall be allowed leave under this subsection.

"(4) Leave under paragraph (1) is in addition to other leave provided under other provisions of this section.

"(j)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, a married member of the armed forces on active duty whose wife gives birth to a child shall receive 10 days of leave to be used in connection with the birth of the child.

"(2) Leave under paragraph (1) is in addition to other leave authorized under this section."

2013—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112–239 substituted "September 30, 2015" for "September 30, 2013".

2011—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 111–383 added subsec. (k).

2009—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "September 30, 2013" for "December 31, 2010".

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–181, §551(a)(1), substituted "subsections (d), (f), and (g)" for "subsection (f) and subsection (g)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–181, §551(a)(2), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–181, §551(b)(1), substituted "at the end of the fiscal year any accumulated leave in excess of the number of days of leave authorized to be accumulated under subsection (b) or (d)" for "any accumulated leave in excess of 60 days at the end of the fiscal year".

Subsec. (f)(1)(C). Pub. L. 110–181, §551(b)(2), substituted "the days of leave authorized to be accumulated under subsection (b) or (d) that are" for "60 days" and inserted "(or fourth fiscal year, if accumulated while subsection (d) is in effect)" after "third fiscal year".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 110–181, §551(b)(3), substituted "except for this paragraph, would lose at the end of that fiscal year any accumulated leave in excess of the number of days of leave authorized to be accumulated under subsection (b) or (d), shall be permitted to retain such leave until the end of the second fiscal year after the fiscal year in which such service on active duty is terminated" for "except for this paragraph—

"(A) would lose any accumulated leave in excess of 60 days at the end of that fiscal year, shall be permitted to retain such leave (not to exceed 90 days) until the end of the succeeding fiscal year; or

"(B) would lose any accumulated leave in excess of 60 days at the end of the succeeding fiscal year (other than by reason of subparagraph (A)), shall be permitted to retain such leave (not to exceed 90 days) until the end of the next succeeding fiscal year."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–181, §551(c), substituted "limitations in subsections (b), (d), and (f)" for "60-day limitation in subsection (b) and the 90-day limitation in subsection (f)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 110–417 added subsec. (j).

2006—Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–163, §682, amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "This subsection applies to a member who serves on active duty for a continuous period of at least 120 days—

"(i) in an area in which the member is entitled to special pay under section 310(a) of title 37; or

"(ii) while assigned to a deployable ship or mobile unit or to other duty comparable to that specified in clause (i) that is designated for the purpose of this subsection."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–163, §593(a), added subsec. (i).

2003—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 108–136 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Under uniform regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary concerned, and approved by the Secretary of Defense, a member who serves on active duty for a continuous period of at least 120 days in an area in which he is entitled to special pay under section 310(a) of title 37 or a member assigned to a deployable ship, mobile unit, or to other duty designated for the purpose of this section, may accumulate 90 days' leave. Except as provided in paragraph (2), leave in excess of 60 days accumulated under this subsection is lost unless it is used by the member before the end of the third fiscal year after the fiscal year in which the service terminated."

1991—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–190 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), leave" for "Leave" in last sentence, and added par. (2).

1986—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–661 added subsec. (h).

1984—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–525 substituted "60-day" for "sixty-day", "90-day" for "ninety-day", and "150" for "one hundred and fifty" in two places.

1983—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–94 substituted "the end of the third fiscal year" for "the end of the fiscal year".

1981—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–81, §2(a)(1), struck out "and" at end of par. (2).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–81, §2(a)(2), substituted "; and" for a period at end of par. (3).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 97–81, §2(a)(3), added par. (4).

1980—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–579 inserted "or a member assigned to a deployable ship, mobile unit, or to other duty designated for the purpose of this section," after "title 37".

1972—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–596, §1(1), inserted reference to subsec. (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 92–596, §1(2), added subsec. (g).

1968—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–245, §1(1), inserted reference to subsec. (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–245, §1(2), added subsec. (f).

1965—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–151 repealed subsec. (d) which provided that accumulated leave did not survive the death of a member during active service.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §631(d), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2631, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section, section 2508 of Title 14, Coast Guard, and sections 501 and 502 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services] take effect on January 1, 2023."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §632(c), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2632, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] takes effect on January 1, 2023."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §633(c), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2633, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 2023."

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §621(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1771, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021]."

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §622(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1772, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021]."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title V, §532(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4449, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 2008] and applies only with respect to children born on or after that date."

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §593(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3281, provided that: "Subsection (i) of section 701 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), shall take effect on January 1, 2006, and shall apply only with respect to adoptions completed on or after that date."

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §542(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1478, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2003, or the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003], whichever is later."

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–94, title X, §1031(b)(1), (2), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 671, provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1983] and shall apply to leave accumulated under section 701(f) of such title [this title] after September 30, 1980.

"(2) A member of the Armed Forces who was authorized under section 701(f) of such title to accumulate 90 days' leave during fiscal year 1980, 1981, or 1982 and lost any leave at the end of fiscal year 1981, 1982, or 1983, respectively, because of the provisions of the last sentence of such section, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act, shall be credited with the amount of the leave lost and may retain leave in excess of 60 days until (A) September 30, 1984, or (B) the end of the third fiscal year after the year in which such leave was accumulated, whichever is later, but in no case may such a member accumulate leave in excess of 90 days."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–81 to take effect at the end of the 60-day period beginning on Nov. 20, 1981, and to apply to each member whose sentence by court-martial is approved on or after Jan. 20, 1982, under section 864 or 865 of this title by the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction under the provisions of such section as it existed on the day before the effective date of the Military Justice Act of 1983 (Pub. L. 98–209), or under section 860 of this title by the officer empowered to act on the sentence on or after that effective date, see section 7(a) and (b)(1) of Pub. L. 97–81, set out as an Effective Date note under section 706 of this title.

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Pub. L. 92–596, §3, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1318, provided that: "The first and second sections of this Act [amending this section and section 501 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services] become effective as of February 28, 1961."

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–245, §2, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 782, provided that: "Section 1 of this Act [amending this section] applies only to active duty performed after January 1, 1968."

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–151 effective only in the case of members who die on or after Aug. 28, 1965, see section 4 of Pub. L. 89–151, set out as a note under section 501 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services.

Effective Date

Section effective Nov. 1, 1962, see section 15 of Pub. L. 87–649, set out as a note preceding section 101 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services.

Regulations

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §621(c), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1771, provided that: "Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations implementing the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section]."

Transition Rule

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §632(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2632, provided that: "Leave in excess of 90 days, accumulated by a member of the Armed Forces under section 701 of such title [meaning title 10, United States Code] before the effective date under subsection (c) [set out as a note above], is forfeited unless—

"(1) used by the member on or before September 30, 2026; or

"(2) the retention of such leave is otherwise authorized by law."

Annual Reports on Use of Leave

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VI, §621(d), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1771, provided that: "Not later than January 1, 2023, and annually thereafter, each Secretary of a military department shall submit, to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives, a report regarding the use, during the preceding fiscal year, of leave under subsections (i) and (j) [now subsecs. (h) and (i)] of section 701 of such title, as amended by subsection (a), disaggregated by births, adoptions, and foster placements, including the number of members of the Armed Forces who—

"(1) used the maximum amount of primary caregiver leave; and

"(2) used leave in multiple increments."

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Authority vested by this chapter in "military departments", "the Secretary concerned", or "the Secretary of Defense" to be exercised, with respect to commissioned officer corps of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, by Secretary of Commerce or Secretary's designee, see section 3071 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters.

Accumulation of Leave After September 30, 1980, Pursuant to Former Subsection (f)

Pub. L. 97–39, title VII, §702, Aug. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 943, provided that: "The amendment made by section 10 of the Military Pay and Allowances Benefits Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–579; 94 Stat. 3368) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to the accumulation of leave by members of the Armed Forces who after September 30, 1979, are assigned (1) to a deployable ship or mobile unit, or (2) to other duty designated after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 1981] as duty qualifying for the purpose of [former] section 701(f) of title 10, United States Code, as amended by that amendment."

For savings provision extending period for which certain accrued leave under former subsec. (f) of this section may be retained by members of Armed Forces, see section 1115 of Pub. L. 101–510, set out as a Treatment of Accumulated Leave note under section 501 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services.
10 U.S.C. § 3249 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 223 / Section 3249: Advocates for competition
Advocates for competition
Status: in_force

Each advocate for competition designated pursuant to section 1705(a) of title 41 for an agency named in section 3063 of this title shall be a general or flag officer if a member of the armed forces or in a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 of title 5, if a civilian employee and shall be designated to serve for a minimum of two years.

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1216(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2593, §2318; amended Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §701(f)(1), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1031, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3260; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(17), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(f)(24), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1953; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §811(d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1845; renumbered §3249 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1813(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4181.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3251 was renumbered section 7131 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1813(f), renumbered section 2318 of this title as this section and substituted "section 3063" for "section 2303(a)".

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "Each advocate for competition designated pursuant to section 1705(a) of title 41 for" for "(b) Each advocate for competition of" and "in a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 of title 5" for "a grade GS–16 or above under the General Schedule (or in a comparable or higher position under another schedule)" and struck out subsec. (a) which related to designation of an officer or employee of the Defense Logistics Agency to serve as the advocate for competition of the agency.

2013—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–239 substituted "subsections (b) and (c) of section 1705" for "section 1705(b) and (c)".

2011—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(17)(A), substituted "section 1705(a) of title 41" for "section 20(a) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 418(a))".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(17)(B), substituted "section 1705(b) and (c) of title 41" for "sections 20(b) and 20(c) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 418(b), (c))".

1994—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–355 struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Each advocate for competition of an agency of the Department of Defense shall transmit to the Secretary of Defense a report describing his activities during the preceding year. The report of each advocate for competition shall be included in the annual report of the Secretary of Defense required by section 23 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 419), in the form in which it was submitted to the Secretary."

1991—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–25 substituted "section 23" for "section 21".

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4)(A), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 418(a))" after "Policy Act".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4)(B), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 418(b), (c))" after "Policy Act".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(d)(4)(C), inserted "(41 U.S.C. 419)" after "Policy Act".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, §1216(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2599, provided that: "Section 2318 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3249] (as added by subsection (a)), shall take effect on April 1, 1985."
10 U.S.C. § 3846 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 279 / Section 3846: Reserved
Reserved
Status: reserved

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1835(e)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4241; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(i)(7)(B)(ii), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2142.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3846, added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(94), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1484, related to transfer or discharge of reserve first lieutenants, captains, and majors not recommended for promotion by two selection boards, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §§1629(a)(3), 1691(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2963, 3026, effective Oct. 1, 1996. See section 14501 et seq. of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(i)(7)(B)(ii), amended Pub. L. 116–283, §1835(e)(1), which enacted this section, by adding section 3846 designation and catchline "[Reserved]" and striking out former section 3846 designation and catchline "Defense Contract Audit Agency: legal resources and expertise".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment made to Pub. L. 116–283 by Pub. L. 117–81, resulting in omission of this section, applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 2192 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 111 / Section 2192: Improvement of education in technical fields: general authority regarding education in science, mathematics, and engineering
Improvement of education in technical fields: general authority regarding education in science, mathematics, and engineering
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall, on a continuing basis—

(1) identify actions which the Department of Defense may take to improve education in the scientific, mathematics, and engineering skills necessary to meet the long-term national defense needs of the United States for personnel proficient in such skills; and

(2) establish and conduct programs to carry out such actions.

(b)(1) In furtherance of the authority of the Secretary of Defense under any provision of this chapter or any other provision of law to support educational programs in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology, the Secretary of Defense may, unless otherwise specified in such provision—

(A) enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with eligible entities;

(B) make grants of financial assistance to eligible entities;

(C) provide cash awards and other items to eligible entities;

(D) accept voluntary services from eligible entities; and

(E) support national competition judging, other educational event activities, and associated award ceremonies in connection with these educational programs.

(2) The Secretary of Defense may carry out the authority in paragraph (1) through the Secretaries of the military departments.

(3) In this subsection:

(A) The term "eligible entity" includes a department or agency of the Federal Government, a State, a political subdivision of a State, an individual, and a not-for-profit or other organization in the private sector.

(B) The term "State" means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and any other territory or possession of the United States.

(c) The Secretary shall designate an individual within the Office of the Secretary of Defense to advise and assist the Secretary regarding matters relating to science, mathematics, and engineering education and training.

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title II, §247(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1521; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §580(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title II, §233, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1423; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title II, §211(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4162.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 111–383 added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

2003—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 108–136 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

1999—Pub. L. 106–65 amended section catchline generally. Prior to amendment, catchline read as follows: "Science, mathematics, and engineering education".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation (SMART) Defense Scholarship Pilot Program

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XI, §1105, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2074, as amended by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, §1056(d), title XI, §1104(a)–(c), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440, 3448, 3449; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(h)(5), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4377, which related to a pilot program to provide financial assistance for education in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology skills and disciplines that were determined to be critical to the national security functions of the Department of Defense, was repealed and restated in section 2192a of this title by Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1104(d)(1)(B), (e)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3450.

Department of Defense Support for Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VIII, §829, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1444, directed Secretary of Defense to develop and submit to Congress a master plan for activities by Department of Defense during each of fiscal years 1993 through 1997 to support education in science, mathematics, and engineering at all levels of education in the United States, with each such plan to be developed in consultation with Secretary of Education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1063(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 444.
10 U.S.C. § 2367 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 139 / Section 2367: Renumbered §4126
Renumbered §4126
Status: renumbered

[§2367. Renumbered §4126]
10 U.S.C. § 397 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 19 / Section 397: Principal Information Operations Advisor
Principal Information Operations Advisor
Status: in_force

(a) Designation.—Not later than 30 days after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall designate, from among officials appointed to a position in the Department of Defense by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a Principal Information Operations Advisor to act as the principal advisor to the Secretary on all aspects of information operations conducted by the Department.

(b) Responsibilities.—The Principal Information Operations Advisor shall have the following responsibilities:

(1) Oversight of policy, strategy, planning, resource management, operational considerations, personnel, and technology development across all the elements of information operations of the Department.

(2) Overall integration and supervision of the deterrence of, conduct of, and defense against information operations.

(3) Promulgation of policies to ensure adequate coordination and deconfliction with the Department of State, the intelligence community (as such term is defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)), and other relevant agencies and departments of the Federal Government.

(4) Coordination with the head of the Global Engagement Center to support the purpose of the Center (as set forth by section 1287(a)(2) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note)) and liaison with the Center and other relevant Federal Government entities to support such purpose.

(5) Establishing and supervising a rigorous risk management process to mitigate the risk of potential exposure of United States persons to information intended exclusively for foreign audiences.

(6) Promulgation of standards for the attribution or public acknowledgment, if any, of operations in the information environment.

(7) Development of guidance for, and promotion of, the capability of the Department to liaison with the private sector and academia on matters relating to the influence activities of malign actors.

(8) Such other matters relating to information operations as the Secretary shall specify for purposes of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVI, §1631(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1741; amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(16), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3871.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 116–92, which added this section and was approved Dec. 20, 2019.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted "persons" for "Persons".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Assessment and Optimization of Department of Defense Information and Influence Operations Conducted Through Cyberspace

Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XV, §1522, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2897, provided that:

"(a) Assessment and Plan.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Principal Information Operations Advisor and the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense shall complete both an assessment and an optimization plan for information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace.

"(b) Elements.—The assessment under subsection (a) shall include the following:

"(1) An inventory of the components of the Department of Defense conducting information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace.

"(2) An examination of sufficiency of resources allocated for information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace.

"(3) An evaluation of the command and control, oversight, and management of matters related to information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace across the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Staff.

"(4) An evaluation of the existing execution, coordination, synchronization, deconfliction, and consultative procedures and mechanisms for information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace.

"(5) Any other matters determined relevant by the Principal Information Operations Advisor and the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense.

"(c) Optimization Plan.—The optimization plan under subsection (a) shall include the following:

"(1) Actions that the Department will implement to improve the execution, coordination, synchronization, deconfliction, and consultative procedures and mechanisms for information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace.

"(2) An evaluation of potential organizational changes required to optimize information and influence operations conducted through cyberspace.

"(3) Any other matters determined relevant by the Principal Information Operations Advisor and the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense.

"(d) Briefings.—Not later than 30 days after completing the assessment and optimization plan under subsection (a), the Principal Information Operations Advisor and the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a briefing on the assessment and plan.

"(e) Implementation.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the briefing is provided under subsection (d), the Secretary of Defense shall implement the optimization plan under subsection (a)."

Conducting of Military Operations in the Information Environment

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVI, §1631(b)–(i), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1742–1745, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, §1081(c)(6), title XVII, §1749(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3873, 4142, provided that:

"(b) Affirming the Authority of the Secretary of Defense to Conduct Military Operations in the Information Environment.—(1) Congress affirms that the Secretary of Defense is authorized to conduct military operations, including clandestine operations, in the information environment to defend the United States, allies of the United States, and interests of the United States, including in response to malicious influence activities carried out against the United States or a United States person by a foreign power.

"(2) The military operations referred to in paragraph (1), when appropriately authorized include the conduct of military operations short of hostilities and in areas outside of areas of active hostilities for the purpose of preparation of the environment, influence, force protection, and deterrence of hostilities.

"(c) Treatment of Clandestine Military Operations in the Information Environment as Traditional Military Activities.—A clandestine military operation in the information environment shall be considered a traditional military activity for the purposes of section 503(e)(2) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3093(e)(2)).

"(d) Quarterly Information Operations Briefings.—(1) Not less frequently than once each quarter, the Secretary of Defense shall provide the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a briefing on significant military operations, including all clandestine operations in the information environment, carried out by the Department of Defense during the immediately preceding quarter.

"(2) Each briefing under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the military operations in the information environment described in such paragraph, the following:

"(A) An update, disaggregated by geographic and functional command, that describes the operations carried out by the commands.

"(B) An overview of authorities and legal issues applicable to the operations, including any relevant legal limitations.

"(C) An outline of any interagency activities and initiatives relating to the operations.

"(D) Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.

"(e) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section may be construed to limit, expand, or otherwise alter the authority of the Secretary to conduct military operations, including clandestine operations, in the information environment, to authorize specific military operations, or to limit, expand, or otherwise alter or otherwise affect the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.) or an authorization for use of military force that was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019].

"(f) Cross-functional Team.—

"(1) Establishment.—The Principal Information Operations Advisor shall integrate the expertise in all elements of information operations and perspectives of appropriate organizations within the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Staff, military departments, Defense Agencies, and combatant commands by establishing and maintaining a full-time cross-functional team composed of subject-matter experts selected from those organizations.

"(2) Selection and organization.—The cross-functional team established under paragraph (1) shall be selected, organized, and managed in a manner consistent with section 911 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 111 note).

"(g) Strategy and Posture Review.—

"(1) Strategy and posture review required.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of Defense, acting through the Principal Information Operations Advisor under section 397 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)) and the cross-functional team established under subsection (f)(1), shall—

"(A) develop or update, as appropriate, a strategy for operations in the information environment, including how such operations will be synchronized across the Department of Defense and the global, regional, and functional interests of the combatant commands;

"(B) conduct an information operations posture review, including an analysis of capability gaps that inhibit the Department's ability to successfully execute the strategy developed or updated pursuant to subparagraph (A);

"(C) designate Information Operations Force Providers and Information Operations Joint Force Trainers for the Department of Defense;

"(D) develop and persistently manage a joint lexicon for terms related to information operations, including 'information operations', 'information environment', 'operations in the information environment', and 'information related capabilities'[;] and [sic]

"(E) determine the collective set of combat capabilities that will be treated as part of operations in the information environment, including cyber warfare, space warfare, military information support operations, electronic warfare, public affairs, and civil affairs; and

"(F) designate a Department of Defense entity to develop, apply, and continually refine an assessment capability for defining and measuring the impact of Department information operations, which entity shall be organizationally independent of Department components performing or otherwise engaged in operational support to Department information operations.

"(2) Coordination on certain cyber matters.—For any matters in the strategy and posture review under paragraph (1) that involve or relate to Department of Defense cyber capabilities, the Principal Information Operations Advisor shall fully collaborate with the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense.

"(3) Elements.—At a minimum, the strategy developed or updated pursuant to paragraph (1)(A) shall include the following:

"(A) The establishment of lines of effort, objectives, and tasks that are necessary to implement such strategy and eliminate the capability gaps identified under paragraph (1)(B).

"(B) In partnership with the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of Defense and in coordination with any other component or Department of Defense entity as selected by the Secretary of Defense, an evaluation of any organizational changes that may be required within the Office of the Secretary of Defense, including potential changes to Under Secretary or Assistant Secretary-level positions to comprehensively conduct oversight of policy development, capabilities, and other aspects of operations in the information environment as determined pursuant to the information operations posture review under paragraph (1)(B).

"(C) An assessment of various models for operationalizing information operations, including the feasibility and advisability of establishing an Army Information Warfare Command.

"(D) A review of the role of information operations in combatant commander operational planning, the ability of combatant commanders to respond to hostile acts by adversaries, and the ability of combatant commanders to engage and build capacity with allies.

"(E) A review of the law, policies, and authorities relating to, and necessary for, the United States to conduct military operations, including clandestine military operations, in the information environment.

"(4) Submission to congress.—Upon completion, the Secretary of Defense shall present the strategy for operations in the information environment and the information operations posture review under subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, of paragraph (1) to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

"(h) Report.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of Defense shall provide the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report for the structuring and manning of information operations capabilities and forces across the Department of Defense. The Secretary shall provide such Committees with quarterly updates on such plan.

"(2) Elements.—The plan required under paragraph (1) shall address the following:

"(A) How the Department of Defense will organize to develop a combined information operations strategy and posture review under subsection (g).

"(B) How the Department will fulfill the roles and responsibilities of the Principal Information Operations Advisor under section 397 of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)).

"(C) How the Department will establish the information operations cross-functional team under subsection (f)(1).

"(D) How the Department will utilize boards and working groups involving senior-level Department representatives on information operations.

"(E) Such other matters as the Secretary of Defense considers appropriate.

"(i) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The terms 'foreign power' and 'United States person' have the meanings given such terms in section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801).

"(2) The term 'hostilities' has the same meaning as such term is used in the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.).

"(3) The term 'clandestine military operation in the information environment' means an operation or activity, or associated preparatory actions, authorized by the President or the Secretary of Defense, that—

"(A) is marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy, where the intent is that the operation or activity will not be apparent or acknowledged publicly; and

"(B) is to be carried out—

"(i) as part of a military operation plan approved by the President or the Secretary of Defense;

"(ii) to deter, safeguard, or defend against attacks or malicious influence activities against the United States, allies of the United States, and interests of the United States;

"(iii) in support of hostilities or military operations involving the United States armed forces; or

"(iv) in support of military operations short of hostilities and in areas where hostilities are not occurring for the purpose of preparation of the environment, influence, force protection, and deterrence."

[Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283, §1749(b), to section 1631(g) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out above, was executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding errors in the directory language.]

[Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title X, §1081(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3873, provided that the amendment made by section 1081(c)(6) of Pub. L. 116–283 to section 1631(i) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out above, is effective as of Dec. 20, 2020 (probably should be Dec. 20, 2019) and as if included in Pub. L. 116–92.]
10 U.S.C. § 1077 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 55 / Section 1077: Medical care for dependents: authorized care in facilities of uniformed services
Medical care for dependents: authorized care in facilities of uniformed services
Status: in_force

(a) Only the following types of health care may be provided under section 1076 of this title:

(1) Hospitalization.

(2) Outpatient care.

(3) Drugs, including, in accordance with subsection (h), medically necessary vitamins.

(4) Treatment of medical and surgical conditions.

(5) Treatment of nervous, mental, and chronic conditions.

(6) Treatment of contagious diseases.

(7) Physical examinations, including eye examinations, and immunizations.

(8) Maternity and infant care, including well-baby care that includes one screening of an infant for the level of lead in the blood of the infant.

(9) Diagnostic tests and services, including laboratory and X-ray examinations.

(10) Dental care.

(11) Ambulance service and home calls when medically necessary.

(12) Durable equipment, which may be provided on a loan basis.

(13) Primary and preventive health care services for women (as defined in section 1074d(b) of this title).

(14) Preventive health care screening for colon or prostate cancer, at the intervals and using the screening methods prescribed under section 1074d(a)(2) of this title.

(15) Prosthetic devices, as determined by the Secretary of Defense to be necessary because of significant conditions resulting from trauma, congenital anomalies, or disease.

(16) Except as provided by subsection (g), a hearing aid, but only if the dependent has a profound hearing loss, as determined under standards prescribed in regulations by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the administering Secretaries, and only for the following dependents:

(A) A dependent of a member of the uniformed services on active duty.

(B) A dependent under subparagraph (D) or (I) of section 1072(2) of this title of a former member of the uniformed services who—

(i) is entitled to retired or retainer pay, or equivalent pay; and

(ii) is enrolled in family coverage under TRICARE Prime.

(17) Any rehabilitative therapy to improve, restore, or maintain function, or to minimize or prevent deterioration of function, of a patient when prescribed by a physician.

(18) In accordance with subsection (h), medically necessary food and the medical equipment and supplies necessary to administer such food (other than durable medical equipment and supplies).

(b) The following types of health care may not be provided under section 1076 of this title:

(1) Domiciliary or custodial care.

(2) Orthopedic footwear and spectacles, except that, outside of the United States and at stations inside the United States where adequate civilian facilities are unavailable, such items may be sold to dependents at cost to the United States.

(3) The elective correction of minor dermatological blemishes and marks or minor anatomical anomalies.

(c)(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (2) and (3), a dependent participating under a dental plan established under section 1076a of this title may not be provided dental care under section 1076(a) of this title except for emergency dental care, dental care provided outside the United States, and dental care that is not covered by such plan.

(2)(A) Dependents who are 12 years of age or younger and are covered by a dental plan established under section 1076a of this title may be treated by postgraduate dental residents in a dental treatment facility of the uniformed services under a graduate dental education program accredited by the American Dental Association if—

(i) treatment of pediatric dental patients is necessary in order to satisfy an accreditation standard of the American Dental Association that is applicable to such program, or training in pediatric dental care is necessary for the residents to be professionally qualified to provide dental care for dependent children accompanying members of the uniformed services outside the United States; and

(ii) the number of pediatric patients at such facility is insufficient to support satisfaction of the accreditation or professional requirements in pediatric dental care that apply to such program or students.

(B) The total number of dependents treated in all facilities of the uniformed services under subparagraph (A) in a fiscal year may not exceed 2,000.

(3)(A) Dependents who reside within a specified geographic area and are covered by a dental plan established under section 1076a may receive dental care in a dental treatment facility of the uniformed services on a space available basis if the Secretary of Defense determines that—

(i) civilian dental care within the specified geographic area is inadequate or is not sufficiently available; and

(ii) adequate resources exist to provide space available dental care to the dependents at the facility.

(B) Care under subparagraph (A) shall be provided on a reimbursable basis.

(d)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (b)(1), hospice care may be provided under section 1076 of this title in facilities of the uniformed services to a terminally ill patient who chooses (pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the other administering Secretaries) to receive hospice care rather than continuing hospitalization or other health care services for treatment of the patient's terminal illness.

(2) In this section, the term "hospice care" means the items and services described in section 1861(dd) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(dd)).

(e)(1) Authority to provide a prosthetic device under subsection (a)(15) includes authority to provide the following:

(A) Any accessory or item of supply that is used in conjunction with the device for the purpose of achieving therapeutic benefit and proper functioning.

(B) Services necessary to train the recipient of the device in the use of the device.

(C) Repair of the device for normal wear and tear or damage.

(D) Replacement of the device if the device is lost or irreparably damaged or the cost of repair would exceed 60 percent of the cost of replacement.

(2) An augmentative communication device may be provided as a voice prosthesis under subsection (a)(15).

(3) A prosthetic device customized for a patient may be provided under this section only by a prosthetic practitioner who is qualified to customize the device, as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the administering Secretaries.

(f)(1) Items that may be provided to a patient under subsection (a)(12) include the following:

(A) Any durable medical equipment that can improve, restore, or maintain the function of a malformed, diseased, or injured body part, or can otherwise minimize or prevent the deterioration of the patient's function or condition.

(B) Any durable medical equipment that can maximize the patient's function consistent with the patient's physiological or medical needs.

(C) Wheelchairs.

(D) Iron lungs.

(E) Hospital beds.

(2) In addition to the authority to provide durable medical equipment under subsection (a)(12), any customization of equipment owned by the patient that is durable medical equipment authorized to be provided to the patient under this section or section 1079(a)(5) of this title, and any accessory or item of supply for any such equipment, may be provided to the patient if the customization, accessory, or item of supply is essential for—

(A) achieving therapeutic benefit for the patient;

(B) making the equipment serviceable; or

(C) otherwise assuring the proper functioning of the equipment.

(g)(1) In addition to the authority to provide a hearing aid under subsection (a)(16), hearing aids may be sold under this section to dependents eligible for care under this section at cost to the United States.

(2) For purposes of selling hearing aids at cost to the United States under paragraph (1), a dependent of a member of the reserve components who is enrolled in the TRICARE program under section 1076d of this title shall be deemed to be a dependent eligible for care under this section.

(h)(1) Vitamins that may be provided under subsection (a)(3) are vitamins used for the management of a covered disease or condition pursuant to the prescription, order, or recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health care professional qualified to make such prescription, order, or recommendation.

(2) Medically necessary food that may be provided under subsection (a)(18)—

(A) is food, including a low protein modified food product or an amino acid preparation product, that is—

(i) furnished pursuant to the prescription, order, or recommendation (as applicable) of a physician or other health care professional qualified to make such prescription, order, or recommendation, for the dietary management of a covered disease or condition;

(ii) a specially formulated and processed product (as opposed to a naturally occurring foodstuff used in its natural state) for the partial or exclusive feeding of an individual by means of oral intake or enteral feeding by tube;

(iii) intended for the dietary management of an individual who, because of therapeutic or chronic medical needs, has limited or impaired capacity to ingest, digest, absorb, or metabolize ordinary foodstuffs or certain nutrients, or who has other special medically determined nutrient requirements, the dietary management of which cannot be achieved by the modification of the normal diet alone;

(iv) intended to be used under medical supervision, which may include in a home setting; and

(v) intended only for an individual receiving active and ongoing medical supervision under which the individual requires medical care on a recurring basis for, among other things, instructions on the use of the food; and

(B) may not include—

(i) food taken as part of an overall diet designed to reduce the risk of a disease or medical condition or as weight-loss products, even if the food is recommended by a physician or other health care professional;

(ii) food marketed as gluten-free for the management of celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity;

(iii) food marketed for the management of diabetes; or

(iv) such other products as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(3) In this subsection, the term "covered disease or condition" means—

(A) inborn errors of metabolism;

(B) medical conditions of malabsorption;

(C) pathologies of the alimentary tract or the gastrointestinal tract;

(D) a neurological or physiological condition; and

(E) such other diseases or conditions the Secretary determines appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 85–861, §1(25)(B), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1447; amended Pub. L. 89–614, §2(4), Sept. 30, 1966, 80 Stat. 863; Pub. L. 98–525, title VI, §633(a), title XIV, §§1401(e)(3), 1405(22), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2544, 2617, 2623; Pub. L. 99–145, title VI, §651(b), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 656; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VII, §§702(a), 703, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1400, 1401; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VII, §701(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1686; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VII, §§703(b), 705, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2798, 2799; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VII, §701(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2587; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VII, §702, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1807; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VII, §§702, 703(a), 704, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1161, 1162; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title VII, §715, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1985; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §§713, 714(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2220; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VII, §739(c), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1447; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VII, §705, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3689; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title VII, §§703, 704, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 300.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1077(a)
1077(b)

1077(c) 

37:403(f).
37:403(g).

37:403(h) (less clause (4)). 

June 7, 1956, ch. 374, §103(f), (g), (h), 70 Stat. 251, 252.

1077(d) 
37:403(h) (clause (4)).

In subsection (a), clause (6) is inserted to reflect subsection (b).

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in subsec. (b)(3) of this section were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8045], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1931.

Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §752, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1447.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(c) [title VII, §756], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1833, 1860.

Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, §759, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1588.

Pub. L. 96–527, title VII, §763, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3092.

Pub. L. 96–154, title VII, §769, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1163.

A prior section 1077, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 84, related to distribution of ballots, envelopes, and voting instructions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 85–861, §36B(5), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1570, as superseded by the Federal Voting Assistance Act of 1955 which is classified to subchapter I–D (§1973cc et seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 118–31, §703, amended par. (16) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (16) read as follows: "Except as provided by subsection (g), a hearing aid, but only for a dependent of a member of the uniformed services on active duty and only if the dependent has a profound hearing loss, as determined under standards prescribed in regulations by the Secretary of Defense in consultation with the administering Secretaries."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, §704(1), substituted "paragraphs (2) and (3)" for "paragraph (2)".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 118–31, §704(2), added par. (3).

2021—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–283 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

2017—Subsec. (a)(3), (18). Pub. L. 115–91, §739(c)(1), substituted "subsection (h)" for "subsection (g)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–91, §739(c)(2), substituted "dependents eligible for care under this section" for "dependents of former members of the uniformed services".

2016—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §714(a)(1)(A), inserted before period at end ", including, in accordance with subsection (g), medically necessary vitamins".

Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 114–328, §713(1), substituted "Except as provided by subsection (g), a hearing aid" for "A hearing aid".

Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 114–328, §714(a)(1)(B), added par. (18).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–328, §713(2), added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–328, §714(a)(2), added subsec. (h).

2004—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–375 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Except as specified in paragraph (2), a" for "A", and added par. (2).

2001—Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 107–107, §703(a)(1), substituted "which" for "such as wheelchairs, iron lungs, and hospital beds".

Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 107–107, §702(1), added par. (16).

Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 107–107, §704, added par. (17).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–107, §702(2), substituted "Orthopedic footwear" for "Hearing aids, orthopedic footwear,".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–107, §702(3), added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–107, §703(a)(2), added subsec. (f).

1997—Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 105–85, §702(a), added cl. (15).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–85, §702(b), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Prosthetic devices, hearing aids, orthopedic footwear, and spectacles except that—

"(A) outside the United States and at stations inside the United States where adequate civilian facilities are unavailable, such items may be sold to dependents at cost to the United States, and

"(B) artificial limbs, voice prostheses, and artificial eyes may be provided."

1996—Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 104–201 added cl. (14).

1994—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–337, §705, inserted ", voice prostheses," after "artificial limbs".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–337, §703(b), substituted ", dental care provided outside the United States, and dental care" for "and care".

1993—Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 103–160 added cl. (13).

1991—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 102–190, §703, inserted before period at end ", including well-baby care that includes one screening of an infant for the level of lead in the blood of the infant".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–190, §702(a), added subsec. (d).

1985—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–145 added subsec. (c).

1984—Pub. L. 98–525, §1405(22), substituted a colon for the semicolon in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 98–525, §633(a)(1), added cl. (10). Former cl. (10) "Emergency dental care worldwide." was struck out.

Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 98–525, §633(a)(1), redesignated cl. (13) as (11). Former cl. (11) "Routine dental care outside the United States and at stations in the United States where adequate civilian facilities are unavailable." was struck out.

Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 98–525, §633(a)(1), redesignated cl. (14) as (12). Former cl. (12) "Dental care worldwide as a necessary adjunct of medical, surgical, or preventive treatment." was struck out.

Subsec. (a)(13), (14). Pub. L. 98–525, §633(a)(2), redesignated cls. (13) and (14) as cls. (11) and (12), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–525, §1401(e)(3), added par. (3).

1966—Pub. L. 89–614 authorized an improved health benefits program for dependents of active duty members of the uniformed services in facilities of such services, expanding health care to be provided to include: hospitalization, outpatient care, and drugs in clauses (1) to (3) of subsec. (a) (hospitalization being limited by former subsec. (b) to treatment of nervous or mental disturbances or chronic diseases or for elective medical and surgical treatment to one year period in special cases); treatment of mental and surgical conditions in clause (4) minus acute condition restriction of former subsec. (a)(2); treatment of nervous, mental, and chronic conditions in clause (5) formerly restricted as stated above; clause (6) reenactment of former subsec. (a)(3); physical, including eye, examinations in clause (7) reenacting former subsec. (a)(4) immunization provisions; clause (8) reenactment of former subsec. (a)(5); diagnostic tests and services, including laboratory and X-ray examinations (diagnosis being covered in former subsec. (a)(1)); dental care provisions in clauses (10) to (12) (provided in former subsec. (d)) as (1) emergency care to relieve pain and suffering, but not including permanent restorative work or dental prosthesis, (2) care as a necessary adjunct to medical or surgical treatment, and care outside the United States, and in remote areas inside the United States, where adequate civilian facilities are unavailable; ambulance service and home calls in clause 13 (covering former subsec. (c)(2), (3)); durable equipment on loan basis in clause (14); and to exclude in subsec. (b)(1) (incorporating last sentence of former subsec. (b)) custodial care; subsec. (b)(2)(A) reenactment of former subsec. (e)(1); and permitted in subsec. (b)(2)(B) artificial limbs and eyes to be provided.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §714(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2221, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to health care provided under chapter 55 of such title [meaning title 10, United States Code] on or after the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016]."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–525, title VI, §633(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2544, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 1985."

Amendment by section 1401(e)(3) of Pub. L. 98–525 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as an Effective Date note under section 520b of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 89–614, see section 3 of Pub. L. 89–614, set out as a note under section 1071 of this title.

Lead Level Screening and Testing for Children

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VII, §703, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1437, provided that:

"(a) Comprehensive Screening, Testing, and Reporting Guidelines.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish clinical practice guidelines for health care providers employed by the Department of Defense on screening, testing, and reporting of blood lead levels in children.

"(2) Use of cdc recommendations.—Guidelines established under paragraph (1) shall reflect recommendations made by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with respect to the screening, testing, and reporting of blood lead levels in children.

"(3) Dissemination of guidelines.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary shall disseminate the clinical practice guidelines established under paragraph (1) to health care providers of the Department of Defense.

"(b) Care Provided in Accordance With CDC Guidance.—The Secretary shall ensure that any care provided by the Department of Defense to a child for an elevated blood lead level shall be carried out in accordance with applicable guidance issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

"(c) Sharing of Results of Testing.—

"(1) In general.—With respect to a child who receives from the Department of Defense a test for an elevated blood lead level—

"(A) the Secretary shall provide the results of the test to the parent or guardian of the child; and

"(B) notwithstanding any requirements for the confidentiality of health information under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–191) [see Tables for classification], if the results of the test show an abnormal blood lead level or elevated blood lead level, the Secretary shall provide those results and the address at which the child resides to—

"(i) the relevant health department of the State in which the child resides if the child resides in the United States; or

"(ii) if the child resides outside the United States—

     "(I) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;

     "(II) the appropriate authority of the country in which the child resides; and

     "(III) the primary provider of health care for the child for follow-up.

"(2) State defined.—In this subsection, the term 'State' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or possession of the United States.

"(d) Report.—Not later than January 1, 2021, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report detailing, with respect to the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on the date of the report, the following:

"(1) The number of children who were tested by the Department of Defense for the level of lead in the blood of the child, and of such number, the number who were found to have an elevated blood lead level.

"(2) The number of children who were screened by the Department of Defense for an elevated risk of lead exposure.

"(e) Comptroller General Report.—Not later than January 1, 2022, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the effectiveness of screening and testing for lead exposure and elevated blood lead levels under chapter 55 of title 10, United States Code.

"(f) Definitions.—In this section, the terms 'abnormal blood lead level' and 'elevated blood lead level' have the meanings given those terms by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."

Study, Plan, and Pilot for the Mental Health Care Needs of Dependent Children of Members of the Armed Forces

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VII, §722, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2387, provided that:

"(a) Report and Plan on the Mental Health Care and Counseling Services Available to Military Children.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a comprehensive review of the mental health care and counseling services available to dependent children of members of the Armed Forces through the Department of Defense.

"(2) Elements.—The review under paragraph (1) shall include an assessment of the following:

"(A) The availability, quality, and effectiveness of Department of Defense programs intended to meet the mental health care needs of military children.

"(B) The availability, quality, and effectiveness of Department of Defense programs intended to promote resiliency in military children in coping with deployment cycles, injury, or death of military parents.

"(C) The extent of access to, adequacy, and availability of mental health care and counseling services for military children in military medical treatment facilities, in family assistance centers, through Military OneSource, under the TRICARE program, and in Department of Defense Education Activity schools.

"(D) Whether the status of a member of the Armed Forces on active duty, or in reserve active status, affects the access of a military child to mental health care and counseling services.

"(E) Whether, and to what extent, waiting lists, geographic distance, and other factors may obstruct the receipt by military children of mental health care and counseling services.

"(F) The extent of access to, availability, and viability of specialized mental health care for military children (including adolescents).

"(G) The extent of any gaps in the current capabilities of the Department of Defense to provide preventive mental health services for military children.

"(H) Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.

"(3) Report.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report on the review conducted under paragraph (1), including the findings and recommendations of the Secretary as a result of the review.

"(b) Comprehensive Plan for Improvements in Access to Care and Counseling.—The Secretary shall develop and implement a comprehensive plan for improvements in access to quality mental health care and counseling services for military children in order to develop and promote psychological health and resilience in children of deploying and deployed members of the Armed Forces. The information in the report required by subsection (a) shall provide the basis for the development of the plan.

"(c) Pilot Program.—

"(1) Elements.—The Secretary of the Army shall carry out a pilot program on the mental health care needs of military children and adolescents. In carrying out the pilot program, the Secretary shall establish a center to—

"(A) develop teams to train primary care managers in mental health evaluations and treatment of common psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents;

"(B) develop strategies to reduce barriers to accessing behavioral health services and encourage better use of the programs and services by children and adolescents; and

"(C) expand the evaluation of mental health care using common indicators, including—

"(i) psychiatric hospitalization rates;

"(ii) non-psychiatric hospitalization rates; and

"(iii) mental health relative value units.

"(2) Reports.—

"(A) Not later than 90 days after establishing the pilot program, the Secretary of the Army shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report describing the—

"(i) structure and mission of the program; and

"(ii) the resources allocated to the program.

"(B) Not later than September 30, 2012, the Secretary of the Army shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that addresses the elements described under paragraph (1)."

Program for Mental Health Awareness for Dependents and Pilot Project on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VII, §721, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3346, directed the Secretary of Defense, no later than one year after Jan. 6, 2006, to develop a program to increase awareness of mental health services for, and warning signs about mental health problems in, dependents of service members who have served or will serve in combat theaters and directed the Secretary to carry out a pilot project to evaluate internet-based early diagnosis and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder and other mental health conditions and report to Congress no later than June 1, 2006.

Provision of Domiciliary and Custodial Care for Certain CHAMPUS Beneficiaries

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VII, §703, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 682, as amended by Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VII, § 701(a), (b), (c)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–172, related to the continued provision of domiciliary and custodial care for certain CHAMPUS beneficiaries, prohibited the establishment of a limited transition period for such program, required a survey and report of case management and custodial care policies, and provided for cost limitations for each fiscal year, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VII, §701(g)(1)(A), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1161.

Obstetrical Care Facilities

Pub. L. 89–188, title VI, §610, Sept. 16, 1965, 79 Stat. 818, required that military hospitals in the United States and its possessions be constructed so as to include facilities for obstetrical care, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–214, §7(7), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 173, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.
10 U.S.C. § 3136 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 207 / Section 3136: Defense Modernization Account
Defense Modernization Account
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment.—There is established in the Treasury an account to be known as the "Defense Modernization Account".

(b) Funds Available for Account.—The Defense Modernization Account shall consist of the following:

(1) Amounts appropriated to the Defense Modernization Account for the costs of projects described in subsection (d)(1), and amounts reimbursed to the Defense Modernization Account under subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii) out of savings derived from such projects.

(2) Amounts transferred to the Defense Modernization Account under subsection (c).

(c) Transfers to Account.—(1)(A) Upon a determination by the Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts, of the availability and source of funds described in subparagraph (B), the Secretary concerned may transfer to the Defense Modernization Account during any fiscal year any amount of funds available to the Secretary described in that subparagraph. Such funds may be transferred to that account only after the Secretary concerned notifies the congressional defense committees in writing of the amount and source of the proposed transfer.

(B) This subsection applies to the following funds that have been appropriated for fiscal years after fiscal year 2016 and are available to the Secretary concerned:

(i) Unexpired funds in appropriations accounts that are available for new obligations and that, as a result of economies, efficiencies, and other savings achieved in carrying out an acquisition program, are excess to the requirements of that program.

(ii) Unexpired funds in appropriations accounts that are available for procurement or operation and maintenance of a system, if and to the extent that savings are achieved for such accounts through reductions in life cycle costs of such system that result from one or more projects undertaken with respect to such systems with funds made available from the Defense Modernization Account under subsection (b)(1).

(C) Any transfer under subparagraph (A) shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.

(2) Funds referred to in paragraph (1) may not be transferred to the Defense Modernization Account if the balance of funds in the account, after transfer of funds to the account, would exceed $1,000,000,000.

(3) Amounts deposited in the Defense Modernization Account shall remain available for transfer and obligation until the end of the third fiscal year that follows the fiscal year in which the amounts are deposited in the account.

(d) Authorized Use of Funds.—Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may be used for the following purposes:

(1) For paying the costs of any project that, in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Secretary concerned, is undertaken by the Secretary of a military department or the head of a Defense Agency or other element of the Department of Defense to reduce the life cycle cost of a new or existing system.

(2) For increasing, subject to subsection (e), the quantity of items and services procured under an acquisition program in order to achieve a more efficient production or delivery rate.

(3) For research, development, test, and evaluation, for procurement, and for sustainment activities necessary for paying costs of unforeseen contingencies that are approved by the milestone decision authority concerned, that could prevent an ongoing acquisition program from meeting critical schedule or performance requirements.

(4) For paying costs of changes to program requirements or system configuration that are approved by the configuration steering board for a major defense acquisition program.

(5) For procuring and integrating available commercial technologies and services to satisfy a joint urgent operational need, joint emergent operational need, or a validated service requirement.

(6) For providing infrastructure to support Department goals of accelerating the fielding and adoption of new capabilities.

(e) Limitations.—(1) Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may not be used to increase the quantity of an item or services procured under a particular acquisition program to the extent that doing so would—

(A) result in procurement of a total quantity of items or services in excess of—

(i) a specific limitation provided by law on the quantity of the items or services that may be procured; or

(ii) the requirement for the items or services as approved by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council and reported to Congress by the Secretary of Defense; or

(B) result in an obligation or expenditure of funds in excess of a specific limitation provided by law on the amount that may be obligated or expended, respectively, for that acquisition program.

(2) Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may not be used for a purpose or program for which Congress has not authorized appropriations, unless the procedures for initiating a new start program are complied with.

(3) Funds may not be transferred from the Defense Modernization Account in any year for the purpose of—

(A) making an expenditure for which there is no corresponding obligation; or

(B) making an expenditure that would satisfy an unliquidated or unrecorded obligation arising in a prior fiscal year.

(f) Transfer of Funds.—(1) The Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts, may transfer funds in the Defense Modernization Account to appropriations available for purposes set forth in subsection (d).

(2) Funds in the Defense Modernization Account may not be transferred under paragraph (1) until 30 days after the date on which the Secretary concerned notifies the congressional defense committees in writing of the amount and purpose of the proposed transfer.

(3) The total amount of transfers from the Defense Modernization Account during any fiscal year under this subsection may not exceed $500,000,000.

(g) Availability of Funds by Appropriation.—In addition to transfers under subsection (f), funds in the Defense Modernization Account may be made available for purposes set forth in subsection (d), but only to the extent authorized in an Act other than an appropriations Act. Funds deposited in the Defense Modernization Account shall remain available for obligation until the end of the third fiscal year that follows the fiscal year in which the amounts are deposited in the account.

(h) Secretary To Act Through Comptroller.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall carry out this section through the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), who shall be authorized to implement this section through the issuance of any necessary regulations, policies, and procedures after consultation with the General Counsel and Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

(2) The regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum, provide for—

(A) the establishment and management of subaccounts for each of the military departments and Defense Agencies concerned for the use of funds in the Defense Modernization Account, consistent with each military department's or Defense Agency's deposits in the Account;

(B) the submission of proposals by the Secretaries concerned or heads of Defense Agencies or other elements of the Department of Defense to the Comptroller for the use of Defense Modernization Account funds for purposes set forth in subsection (d);

(C) the use of a competitive process for the evaluation of such proposals and the selection of programs, projects, and activities to be funded out of the Defense Modernization Account and subaccounts from among those proposed for such funding; and

(D) the calculation of—

(i) the savings to be derived from projects described in subsection (d)(1) that are to be funded out of the Defense Modernization Account; and

(ii) the amounts to be reimbursed to the Defense Modernization Account out of such savings pursuant to subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii).

(i) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) The term "major defense acquisition program" has the meaning given the term in section 4201 of this title.

(2) The term "unexpired funds" means funds appropriated for a definite period that remain available for obligation.

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §912(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 407, §2216; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §§1008(a)–(f)(1), 1043(b)(8), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1586, 1587, 1611; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(16), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title X, §1084(a)(2), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 871; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §804, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2250; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §1731(a)(30), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1814; renumbered §3136 and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §§1809(g)(1), 1883(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4161, 4294; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §813, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2707; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title X, §1003(a), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2047.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (d)(5), (6). Pub. L. 118–159 added pars. (5) and (6).

2022—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 117–263 struck out subsec. (j). Text read as follows:

"(1) The authority under subsection (c) to transfer funds into the Defense Modernization Account terminates at the close of September 30, 2022.

"(2) Three years after the termination date specified in paragraph (1), the Defense Modernization Account shall be closed and any remaining balance in the account shall be canceled and thereafter shall not be available for any purpose."

2021—Pub. L. 116–283, §1809(g)(1), renumbered section 2216 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1883(b)(2), substituted "section 4201 of this title" for "section 2430(a) of this title".

2019—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii)" for "subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii)".

2016—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(a), struck out "commencing" before "projects described".

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(1), substituted ", or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts," for "or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts" and "the Secretary concerned" for "that Secretary" before "may transfer".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(2)(A), in introductory provisions, inserted "that have been appropriated for fiscal years after fiscal year 2016 and are" after "following funds".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(2)(B), substituted "or new obligations" for "for procurement", "an acquisition program" for "a particular procurement", and "that program" for "that procurement".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(2)(C), (D), redesignated cl. (iii) as (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "Unexpired funds that are available during the final 30 days of a fiscal year for support of installations and facilities and that, as a result of economies, efficiencies, and other savings, are excess to the requirements for support of installations and facilities."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(3), struck out ", other than funds referred to in subparagraph (B)(iii) of such paragraph," after "Funds referred to in paragraph (1)" and substituted "if the balance of funds" for "if—

"(A) the funds are necessary for programs, projects, and activities that, as determined by the Secretary, have a higher priority than the purposes for which the funds would be available if transferred to that account; or

"(B) the balance of funds".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(4), substituted "deposited in" for "credited to" in two places and inserted "and obligation" after "available for transfer".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(b)(5), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "The period of availability of funds for expenditure provided for in sections 1551 and 1552 of title 31 may not be extended by transfer into the Defense Modernization Account."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(1), struck out "commencing" before "any project" and substituted "Secretary concerned" for "Secretary of Defense".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(2), substituted "an acquisition program" for "a procurement program".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(3), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "For research, development, test, and evaluation and for procurement necessary for modernization of an existing system or of a system being procured under an ongoing procurement program."

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(c)(4), added par. (4).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(d)(1), substituted "acquisition program" for "procurement program" in introductory provisions and subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(d)(2), substituted "authorized appropriations, unless the procedures for initiating a new start program are complied with" for "authorized appropriations".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(e), substituted "Secretary of a military department, or the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts," for "Secretary of Defense".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(f), struck out "in accordance with the provisions of appropriations Acts" after "subsection (d)" and inserted at end "Funds deposited in the Defense Modernization Account shall remain available for obligation until the end of the third fiscal year that follows the fiscal year in which the amounts are deposited in the account."

Subsec. (h)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(1), (2), added subpar. (A) and redesignated former subpar. (A) as (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated (C).

Subsec. (h)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(1), (3), redesignated subpar. (B) as (C) and inserted "and subaccounts" after "Account". Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D).

Subsec. (h)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(1), redesignated subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (h)(2)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(g)(4), substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii)" for "subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii)".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(h), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "The term 'Secretary concerned' includes the Secretary of Defense with respect to Defense-wide appropriations accounts."

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §804(j), substituted "terminates at the close of September 30, 2022" for "terminates at the close of September 30, 2006".

2013—Subsecs. (i) to (k). Pub. L. 113–66 redesignated subsecs. (j) and (k) as (i) and (j), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (i) which related to an annual report submitted by the Secretary of Defense to the congressional defense committees and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives.

2006—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–364 substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)(iii)" for "subsections (c)(1)(B)(iii)".

2003—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(a)(3), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "Funds transferred to the Defense Modernization Account from funds appropriated for a military department, Defense Agency, or other element of the Department of Defense shall be available in accordance with subsections (f) and (g) only for transfer to funds available for that military department, Defense Agency, or other element."

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(c)(1), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(c)(2), inserted ", other than funds referred to in subparagraph (B)(iii) of such paragraph," after "Funds referred to in paragraph (1)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(b), substituted "in the Defense Modernization Account" for "available from the Defense Modernization Account pursuant to subsection (f) or (g)" in introductory provisions, added par. (1), and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(d), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(e)(1), substituted "Annual Report" for "Quarterly Reports" in heading.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(e)(1), (2), substituted "fiscal year" for "calendar quarter" in introductory provisions and "fiscal year" for "quarter" in subpars. (A) to (C).

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 108–136, §1043(b)(8), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "The term 'congressional defense committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 108–136, §1008(f)(1), added subsec. (k).

1999—Subsec. (j)(3)(B). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "Committee on Armed Services" for "Committee on National Security".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2024 Amendment

Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title X, §1003(b), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2047, provided that: "Paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (d) of section 3136 of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply only with respect to funds made available, and transferred to the Defense Modernization Account, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024]."

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §912(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 410, provided that: "Section 2216 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3136] (as added by subsection (a)), shall apply only to funds appropriated for fiscal years after fiscal year 1995."
10 U.S.C. § 9020 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 903 / Section 9020: Inspector General
Inspector General
Status: in_force

(a) There is an Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force who shall be detailed to such position by the Secretary of the Air Force from the general officers of the Air Force or the Space Force. An officer may not be detailed to such position for a tour of duty of more than four years, except that the Secretary may extend such a tour of duty if he makes a special finding that the extension is necessary in the public interest.

(b) When directed by the Secretary, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or the Chief of Space Operations, the Inspector General shall—

(1) inquire into and report upon the discipline, efficiency, and economy of the Department of the Air Force; and

(2) perform any other duties prescribed by the Secretary, the Chief of Staff, or the Chief of Space Operations.

(c) The Inspector General shall periodically propose programs of inspections to the Secretary of the Air Force and shall recommend additional inspections and investigations as may appear appropriate.

(d) The Inspector General shall cooperate fully with the Inspector General of the Department of Defense in connection with the performance of any duty or function by the Inspector General of the Department of Defense under chapter 4 of title 5 regarding the Department of the Air Force.

(e) The Inspector General shall have such deputies and assistants as the Secretary of the Air Force may prescribe. Each such deputy and assistant shall be an officer detailed by the Secretary to that position from the officers of the Air Force or the Space Force for a tour of duty of not more than four years, under a procedure prescribed by the Secretary.

(Added Pub. L. 99–433, title V, §521(a)(5), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 1059, §8020; renumbered §9020, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §806(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1833; amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §923(b)(4), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3808; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(32), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4346; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XVII, §1741(a)(7), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 680.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–31 struck out "the general, flag, or equivalent officers of" before "the Space Force".

2022—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 4 of title 5" for "the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App. 3)".

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §923(b)(4)(A), inserted "Department of the" after "Inspector General of the" and "or the general, flag, or equivalent officers of the Space Force" after "general officers of the Air Force".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §923(b)(4)(B)(i), substituted ", the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or the Chief of Space Operations" for "or the Chief of Staff".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §923(b)(4)(B)(ii), inserted "Department of the" before "Air Force".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §923(b)(4)(B)(iii), substituted ", the Chief of Staff, or the Chief of Space Operations" for "or the Chief of Staff".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, §923(b)(4)(C), inserted "or the Space Force" before "for a tour of duty".

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 8020 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Service of Incumbents in Certain Positions Without Reappointment

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §923(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3820, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The individual serving in a position under a provision of law specified in paragraph (2) as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021] may continue to serve in such position after that date without further appointment as otherwise provided by such provision of law, notwithstanding the amendment of such provision of law by subsection (b).

"(2) Provisions of law.—The provisions of law specified in this paragraph are the provisions of title 10, United States Code, as follows:

"(A) Section 9020, relating to the Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force.

"(B) Section 9036. [sic] relating to the Surgeon General of the Air Force.

"(C) Section 9037(a), relating to the Judge Advocate General of the Air Force.

"(D) Section 9037(d), relating to the Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Air Force.

"(E) Section 9039, relating to the Chief of Chaplains for the Air Force and the Space Force."
10 U.S.C. § 2341 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 138 / Subchapter I / Section 2341: Authority to acquire logistic support, supplies, and services for elements of the armed forces deployed outside the United States
Authority to acquire logistic support, supplies, and services for elements of the armed forces deployed outside the United States
Status: in_force

Subject to section 2343 of this title and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Defense may—

(1) acquire from the Governments of North Atlantic Treaty Organization countries, from North Atlantic Treaty Organization subsidiary bodies, and from the United Nations Organization or any regional international organization logistic support, supplies, and services for elements of the armed forces deployed outside the United States; and

(2) acquire from any government not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization logistic support, supplies, and services for elements of the armed forces deployed (or to be deployed) outside the United States if that country—

(A) has a defense alliance with the United States;

(B) permits the stationing of members of the armed forces in such country or the homeporting of naval vessels of the United States in such country;

(C) has agreed to preposition materiel of the United States in such country; or

(D) serves as the host country to military exercises which include elements of the armed forces or permits other military operations by the armed forces in such country.

(Added Pub. L. 96–323, §2(a), Aug. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 1016, §2321; renumbered §2341 and amended Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, §1304(a)(1), (4), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 741; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3963; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIII, §1312(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2547; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XIII, §1317(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2899; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XII, §1204, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3456.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–163 struck out "of which the United States is a member" before "logistic support".

1994—Par. (1). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted a comma for "and" after "countries" and inserted ", and from the United Nations Organization or any regional international organization of which the United States is a member" after "subsidiary bodies".

1992—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–484, §1312(a)(1), substituted "outside the United States" for "in Europe and adjacent waters".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–484, §1312(a)(2), in introductory provisions, struck out "in which elements of the armed forces are deployed (or are to be deployed)" after "North Atlantic Treaty Organization" and substituted "outside the United States" for "in such country or in the military region in which such country is located".

1986—Pub. L. 99–661 substituted "elements of the armed forces deployed outside the United States" for "United States armed forces in Europe" in section catchline.

Pub. L. 99–661 amended section generally, restating existing provisions into introductory text and par. (1) and adding par. (2).

1985—Pub. L. 99–145 renumbered section 2321 of this title as this section and substituted "section 2343" for "section 2323".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XIII, §1317(j), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2902, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 2349a of this title and amending this section and sections 2342 to 2347 and 2350 of this title] shall apply with regard to any acquisition or transfer of logistic support, supplies, and services under the authority of subchapter I of chapter 138 of title 10, United States Code, that is initiated after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994]."

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIII, §1312(c), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2548, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 2347 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992] and shall apply to acquisitions of logistics support, supplies, and services under chapter 138 of title 10, United States Code, that are initiated on or after the date of enactment of this Act."

Short Title

Pub. L. 96–323, §1, Aug. 4, 1980, 94 Stat. 1016, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'North Atlantic Treaty Organization Mutual Support Act of 1979'."

Demonstration and Prototyping Program To Advance International Product Support Capabilities in a Contested Logistics Environment

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title VIII, §842, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 340, as amended by Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title VIII, §821, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1983, provided that:

"(a) Contested Logistics Demonstration and Prototyping Program Required.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a contested logistics demonstration and prototyping program to identify, develop, demonstrate, and field capabilities for product support in order to reduce or mitigate the risks associated with operations in a contested logistics environment.

"(b) Elements.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary shall do the following:

"(1) Identify ways to capitalize on the inherent interoperability, commonality, and interchangeability of platforms and information systems operated by the United States and one or more covered nations, including to enable effective maintenance and repair activities in a contested logistics environment.

"(2) Determine, develop, or establish best practices to reduce time needed to return repaired equipment to service, including the use of—

"(A) commercial best practices for rapid supply support; and

"(B) common or shared parts pools.

"(3) Explore opportunities to expand the ability to preposition or store materials needed to enable rapid surge capability or to support operations in a contested logistics environment.

"(4) Identify, develop, demonstrate, and field effective and efficient means of conducting repairs of equipment away from permanent repair facilities.

"(5) Explore flexible approaches to contracting and use of partnership agreements to enable use or development of the capabilities of covered product support providers to effectively, efficiently, and timely satisfy the product support requirements of a combat commander and any applicable covered nation in a contested logistics environment.

"(6) Identify the resources, including any additional authorizations, required by the Secretary of Defense to reduce or mitigate the risks associated with operations in a contested logistics environment.

"(7) Identify and document impediments to the performance of product support by covered product support providers in a contested logistics environment, including impediments created by statute, regulation, policy, agency guidance, or limitations on expenditure, transfer, or receipt of funds for product support in contested logistics environments.

"(8) Identify and document any statutory or regulatory waivers or exemptions that may be applicable or necessary to enable the United States and covered nations to jointly carry out product support activities in contested logistics environments located outside of the United States, including, for each such waiver and exemption—

"(A) the person responsible for requesting such waiver or exemption;

"(B) the criteria for approval of such waiver or exemption; and

"(C) the person responsible for approving such waiver or exemption.

"(c) Advance Planning and Preparation.—The Secretary may establish a product support arrangement, including an agreement for prepositioning or storage of materials, with a covered product support provider to enable a rapid response in a contingency operation (as defined in section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code) to the product support requirements of such contingency operation.

"(d) Authorities.—In carrying out the Program, the Secretary may, in accordance with section 3 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2753), use the authorities under sections 2342, 2474, 3601, 4021, and 4022 of title 10, United States Code.

"(e) Report.—Not later than 24 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report summarizing Program activities, including—

"(1) any recommendations to reduce impediments to meeting the requirements of a combatant command or covered nation for product support in a contested logistics environment;

"(2) a summary of impediments identified under subsection (b)(7) and specific recommendations for necessary changes to statutory, regulatory, policy, agency guidance, or current limitations on expenditure, transfer, or receipt of funds to carry out the product support activities under this pilot indefinitely;

"(3) a summary of waivers or exemptions identified under subsection (b)(8), along with any recommendations for changes to the processes for obtaining such waivers or exemptions; and

"(4) recommendations for improving the Program, including whether to extend or make the Program permanent.

"(f) Development and Promulgation of Department of Defense Guidance.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue guidance implementing the Program.

"(g) Sunset.—The authority under this section shall terminate on the date that is three years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(h) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Contested logistics environment.—The term 'contested logistics environment' has the meaning given such term in section 2926 of title 10, United States Code.

"(2) Covered nations.—The term 'covered nation' means—

"(A) Australia;

"(B) Canada;

"(C) Japan;

"(D) New Zealand;

"(E) the Republic of Korea;

"(F) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; or

"(G) other nations as designated as a covered nation for the purposes of this Program by the Secretary.

"(3) Covered product support provider.—The term 'covered product support provider' means—

"(A) a product support provider that includes an entity within the government of a covered nation;

"(B) a private sector product support provider; or

"(C) a product support integrator domiciled in the United States or a covered nation.

"(4) Product support; product support integrator; product support provider.—The terms 'product support', 'product support integrator', and 'product support provider' have the meanings given, respectively, in section 4324 of title 10, United States Code.

"(5) Product support arrangement.—

"(A) In general.—The term 'product support arrangement' means a contract, task order, or any other type of agreement or arrangement, between the United States and a covered product support provider, for the performance of the functions described in subparagraph (B) with respect to—

"(i) a platform or information system operated by the United States and the covered nation of such covered product support provider; or

"(ii) a subsystem or components of such a platform or information system.

"(B) Functions described.—The functions described in this subparagraph, with respect to a platform, information system, subsystem, or component described in subparagraph (A), are the following:

"(i) Performance-based logistics.

"(ii) Sustainment support.

"(iii) Contractor logistics support.

"(iv) Life-cycle product support.

"(v) Weapon system product support.

"(6) Program.—The term 'Program' means the demonstration and prototyping program established under subsection (a).

"(7) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Defense."

Acceptance of Real Property, Services, and Commodities From Foreign Countries by Agencies of Department of Defense

Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9008, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1130, which authorized agencies of Department of Defense to accept use of real property from foreign countries for United States in accordance with mutual defense agreements or occupational arrangements and to accept services furnished by foreign countries as reciprocal international courtesies or as services customarily made available without charge and to use same for support of United States forces in such areas without specific appropriation therefor, was repealed and restated in section 2350g of this title by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1451(b)(1), (c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1692, 1693.

Overseas Workload Program

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1465, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1700, as amended by Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1085, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1483; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XIII, §1353, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2559, which related to eligibility of a firm of any member nation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or of any major non-NATO ally to bid on any contract for maintenance, repair, or overhaul of equipment of the Department of Defense to be awarded under competitive procedures as part of the Overseas Workload Program, was repealed and restated in section 2349 of this title by Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XIV, §1431(a)(1), (b)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1832, 1833. Similar provisions were contained in the following authorization or appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9130, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1935, as amended by Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XIV, §1431(b)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1833.

Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8122, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1205.

Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8003, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1873.

Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title X, §1021, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1143.
10 U.S.C. § 8730 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 869 / Section 8730: Disposition of products
Disposition of products
Status: in_force

(a) In administering the naval petroleum reserves under this chapter, the Secretary shall use, store, or sell the petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves and lands covered by joint, unit, or other cooperative plans.

(b)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and notwithstanding any other provision of law, each sale of the United States share of petroleum shall be made by the Secretary at public sale to the highest qualified bidder, at such time, in such amounts, and after such advertising as the Secretary considers proper and without regard to Federal, State, or local regulations controlling sales or allocation of petroleum products. Each sale of the United States share of petroleum shall be for periods of not more than one year, except that a sale of natural gas may be made for a period of more than one year.

(2) The Secretary may not sell any part of the United States share of petroleum produced from Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 2 and 3 at a price less than the current sales price, as estimated by the Secretary, of comparable petroleum in the same area.

(3) For purposes of paragraph (2), the term "petroleum" does not include natural gas liquids.

(c) In no event shall the Secretary permit the award of any contract which would result in any person obtaining control, directly or indirectly, over more than 20 percent of the estimated annual United States share of petroleum produced from Naval Petroleum Reserve Numbered 1.

(d) Each proposal for sale under this title shall provide that the terms of every sale of the United States share of petroleum from the naval petroleum reserves shall be so structured as to give full and equal opportunity for the acquisition of petroleum by all interested persons, including major and independent oil producers and refiners alike. When the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, determines that the public interests will be served by the sale of petroleum to small refiners not having their own adequate sources of supply of petroleum, the Secretary is authorized and directed to set aside a portion of the United States share of petroleum produced for sale to such refiners under the provisions of this section for processing or use in such refineries, except that—

(1) none of the production sold to small refiners may be resold in kind;

(2) production must be sold at a cost of not less than the prevailing local market price of comparable petroleum;

(3) the set-aside portion may not exceed 25 percent of the estimated annual United States share of the total production from all producing naval petroleum reserves; and

(4) notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b), the Secretary may, at his discretion if he deems it to be in the public interest, prorate such petroleum among such refiners for sale, without competition, at not less than the prevailing local market price of comparable petroleum.

(e) Any petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves, except such petroleum which is either exchanged in similar quantities for convenience or increased efficiency of transportation with persons or the government of an adjacent foreign state, or which is temporarily exported for convenience or increased efficiency of transportation across parts of an adjacent foreign state and reenters the United States, shall be subject to all of the limitations and licensing requirements of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) and, in addition, before any petroleum subject to this section may be exported under the limitations and licensing requirement and penalty and enforcement provisions of the Export Administration Act of 1979, the President must make and publish an express finding that such exports will not diminish the total quality or quantity of petroleum available to the United States and that such exports are in the national interest and are in accord with the Export Administration Act of 1979.

(f) During the period of production or any extension thereof authorized by section 8722(c) of this title, the consultation and approval requirements of section 8731(a)(3) of this title are waived.

(g)(1) Prior to the promulgation of any rules and regulations, plans of development and amendments thereto, and in the entering and making of contracts and operating agreements relating to the development, production, or sale of petroleum in or from the reserves, the Secretary shall consult with and give due consideration to the views of the Attorney General of the United States with respect to matters which may affect competition.

(2) No contract or operating agreement may be made, issued, or executed under this chapter until at least 15 days after the Secretary notifies the Attorney General of the proposed contract or operating agreement. Such notification shall contain such information as the Attorney General may require in order to advise the Secretary as to whether such contract or operating agreement may create or maintain a situation inconsistent with the antitrust laws. If, within such 15-day period, the Attorney General advises the Secretary that a contract or operating agreement may create or maintain a situation inconsistent with the antitrust laws, then the Secretary may not make, issue, or execute that contract or operating agreement.

(h) Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to confer on any person immunity from civil or criminal liability, or to create defenses to actions, under the antitrust laws.

(i) In this section, the term "antitrust laws" means—

(1) the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.);

(2) the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.);

(3) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.);

(4) sections 73 and 74 of the Wilson Tariff Act (15 U.S.C. 8 and 9); and

(5) sections 2, 3, and 4 of the Act of June 19, 1936 (commonly referred to as the "Robinson-Patman Act") (15 U.S.C. 13a, 13b, and 21a).

(j) Any pipeline which accepts, conveys, or transports any petroleum produced from Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1 or Numbered 3 shall accept, convey, and transport without discrimination and at reasonable rates any such petroleum as a common carrier insofar as petroleum from such reserves is concerned. Every contract entered into by the Secretary for the sale of any petroleum owned by the United States which is produced from such reserves shall contain provisions implementing the requirements of the preceding sentence if the contractor owns a controlling interest in any pipeline or any company operating any pipeline, or is the operator of any pipeline, which carries any petroleum produced from such naval petroleum reserves. The Secretary may promulgate rules and regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this section and he, or the Secretary of the Interior where the authority extends to him, may declare forfeit any contract, operating agreement, right-of-way, permit, or easement held by any person violating any such rule or regulation. This section shall not apply to any natural gas common carrier pipeline operated by any person subject to regulation under the Natural Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717 et seq.) or any public utility subject to regulation by a State or municipal regulatory agency having jurisdiction to regulate the rates and charges for the sale of natural gas to consumers within the State or municipality.

(k)(1) With respect to all or any part of the United States share of petroleum produced from the naval petroleum reserves, the President may direct that the Secretary—

(A) place that petroleum in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve as authorized by sections 151 through 166 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6231–6246); or

(B) exchange, directly or indirectly, that petroleum for other petroleum to be placed in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under such terms and conditions and by such methods as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, without regard to otherwise applicable Federal procurement statutes and regulations.

(2) The requirements of section 159 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6239) do not apply to actions taken under this subsection.

(l)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter (but subject to paragraph (2)), during any period in which the production of petroleum is authorized from Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1, 2, or 3, the Secretary, at the request of the Secretary of Defense, may provide any portion of the United States share of petroleum so produced to the Department of Defense for its use, exchange, or sale in order to meet petroleum product requirements of the Department of Defense.

(2) Petroleum may be provided to the Department of Defense under paragraph (1) either directly or by such exchange as the Secretary deems appropriate. Appropriate reimbursement reasonably reflecting the fair market value shall be provided by the Secretary of Defense for petroleum provided under this subsection.

(3) Any exchange made pursuant to this subsection may be made without regard to otherwise applicable Federal procurement statutes and regulations.

(4) Paragraph (1) does not apply to any petroleum set aside for small refiners under subsection (d) or placed in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve under subsection (k).

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 460, §7430; Pub. L. 87–599, §2, Aug. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 87–796, §1(6), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 94–258, title II, §201(11), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 309; Pub. L. 96–294, title VIII, §804, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §513(34), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2934; Pub. L. 97–22, §11(a)(10), July 10, 1981, 95 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1405(53), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2625; Pub. L. 99–413, §1(b), (c), Aug. 29, 1986, 100 Stat. 944, 945; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(k)(9), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(g) [title II, §201], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–213, 1329–242; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1233(e)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2057; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [div. C, title XXXIV, §3401], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–484; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(e)(12), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1228; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(3)(E), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2419; renumbered §8730 and amended Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §§807(d)(5), 809(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1836, 1840.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

7430(a) 
34 U.S.C. 524 (244th through 293d words of 1st par.). 
June 4, 1920, ch. 228 (1st par., 244th through 293d words, of amended 3d and 4th provisos), 41 Stat. 813; June 30, 1938, ch. 851, §1, 52 Stat. 1252; June 17, 1944, ch. 262, 58 Stat. 281.

7430(b) 
34 U.S.C. 524 (2d sentence of 3d par.). 
June 4, 1920, ch. 228 (3d par., 2d sentence, of amended 3d and 4th provisos), 41 Stat. 813; June 30, 1938, ch. 851, §1, 52 Stat. 1252; June 17, 1944, ch. 262, 58 Stat. 281.

In subsection (a) the words "subject to the applicable limitations and restrictions of this Act" are omitted as surplusage and the words "in administering" are inserted.

In subsection (b) the words "under this section" are substituted for the words "from the naval reserves" to make it clear that the requirements of this subsection apply to sales of petroleum, gas, and other hydrocarbons from lands outside petroleum reserve numbered 1 covered by joint, unit, or other cooperative plans as well as the sale of those products from the naval reserves proper. Subsection (a) is the only authority for the sale of petroleum, gas, and other hydrocarbons from the naval petroleum reserves.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 96–72, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 503, which was classified principally to chapter 56 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232, except for sections 11A, 11B, and 11C thereof (50 U.S.C. 4611, 4612, 4613).

The Sherman Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), is act July 2, 1890, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209, as amended, which is classified to sections 1 to 7 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Clayton Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), is act Oct. 15, 1914, ch. 323, 38 Stat. 730, as amended, which is classified generally to sections 12, 13, 14 to 19, 21, and 22 to 27 of Title 15, and sections 52 and 53 of Title 29, Labor. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 12 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(3), is act Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§41 et seq.) of chapter 2 of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 58 of Title 15 and Tables.

Sections 73 and 74 of the Wilson Tariff Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(4), are sections 73 and 74 of act Aug. 27, 1894, ch. 349, 28 Stat. 570, which enacted sections 8 and 9, respectively, of Title 15.

Act of June 19, 1936, referred to in subsec. (i)(5), is act June 19, 1936, ch. 592, 49 Stat. 1526, popularly known as the Robinson-Patman Antidiscrimination Act and also as the Robinson-Patman Price Discrimination Act, which enacted sections 13a, 13b, and 21a of Title 15 and amended section 13 of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 13 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Natural Gas Act, referred to in subsec. (j), is act June 21, 1938, ch. 556, 52 Stat. 821, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 15B (§717 et seq.) of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 717w of Title 15 and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232, §807(d)(5), renumbered section 7430 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–232, §809(a), substituted "section 8722(c)" for "section 7422(c)" and "section 8731(a)(3)" for "section 7431(a)(3)".

2016—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–328 substituted "(50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.)" for "(50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.)".

2001—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "at a price less than the current sales price" for "at a price less than the higher of— (A) the current sales price", substituted a period for "; or" after "petroleum in the same area", and struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: "the price of petroleum being purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, minus the cost of transporting petroleum from the naval petroleum reserve concerned to the nearest storage area of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, with adjustments for the difference in the quality of the petroleum being purchased for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and petroleum being produced from the naval petroleum reserve concerned."

2000—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 2 and 3" for "Naval Petroleum Reserves Numbered 1, 2, and 3" in introductory provisions and struck out "90 percent of" before "the current sales price" in subpar. (A).

1988—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–456 realigned margin of par. (3) and substituted a period for comma at end.

1987—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–202 added par. (3).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–26 substituted "In" for "As used in".

1986—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–413, §1(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Subject to paragraph (2) and notwithstanding" for "Notwithstanding", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 99–413, §1(c), substituted "15 days" for "30 days" and "15-day" for "30-day".

1984—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 98–525, §1405(53)(A), struck out "of this section" after "subsection (b)".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 98–525, §1405(53)(B), substituted "30 days" for "thirty days" and "30-day" for "thirty day".

Subsec. (l)(4). Pub. L. 98–525, §1405(53)(C), struck out "of this section" after "subsection (d)" and "subsection (k)".

1981—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–22 substituted "Export Administration Act of 1979" for "Export Administration Act of 1969" in three places.

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–294, §804(a), struck out "for periods of not more than one year," after "qualified bidder," and inserted last sentence limiting sales of the United States share of petroleum to periods of not more than one year, except for sales of natural gas.

Subsecs. (c), (d)(3). Pub. L. 96–513(34)(A), substituted "percent" for "per centum".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–513, §513(34)(B), substituted "(50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.)" for "(83 Stat. 841)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–513, §513(34)(C), inserted references to this title wherever appearing.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96–513, §513(34)(D), substituted "(1) the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.);", "(2) the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.);", "(3) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.);", "(4) sections 73 and 74 of the Wilson Tariff Act (15 U.S.C. 8 and 9); and", and "(5) sections 2, 3, and 4 of the Act of June 19, 1936 (commonly referred to as the 'Robinson-Patman Act') (15 U.S.C. 13a, 13b, and 21a)." for "(1) the Act entitled 'An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies', approved July 2, 1890 (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), as amended;" "(2) the Act entitled 'An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes', approved October 15, 1914 (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.), as amended;" "(3) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), as amended;" "(4) sections 73 and 74 of the Act entitled 'An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes', approved August 27, 1894 (15 U.S.C. 8 and 9), as amended; or", and "(5) sections 2, 3, and 4 of the Act of June 19, 1936, chapter 592 (15 U.S.C. 13a, 13b, and 21a)", respectively.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 96–513, §513(34)(E), inserted "(15 U.S.C. 717 et seq.)".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–294, §804(b), amended subsec. (k) generally, inserting references to the Secretary, provision authorizing the exchange of petroleum under terms and conditions determined appropriate without regard to Federal procurement statutes and regulations, and provision making 42 U.S.C. 6239 inapplicable.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 96–294, §804(c), added subsec. (l).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–258 substituted provisions setting forth requirements for Secretary in administering naval petroleum reserves under this chapter, for provisions setting forth requirements for Secretary of the Navy in administering naval petroleum and oil shale reserves under this chapter.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–258 inserted "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" before "each sale", reference to United States share of petroleum, provision relating to periods of sale, and provision exempting Federal, State, or local regulations controlling sales or allocation of petroleum products, and struck out applicability to sales of gas, other hydrocarbons, oil shale, or products therefrom.

Subsecs. (c) to (k). Pub. L. 94–258 added subsecs. (c) to (k).

1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–796 included provision for administration of oil shale reserves, required the Secretary of the Navy to use, store, sell, or exchange oil shale and products therefrom produced from oil shale reserves for other petroleum or refined products, and deleted provision which required the Secretary to use, store, sell, or exchange gas products from lands in the South Barrow gas field of naval petroleum reserve numbered 4 for other petroleum or refined products.

Pub. L. 87–599 required the Secretary of the Navy to use, store, sell, or exchange gas products from lands in the South Barrow gas field of naval petroleum reserve numbered 4 for other petroleum or refined products.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–796 included sale of oil shale and products from petroleum, gas, other hydrocarbons, and oil shale.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Minimum Selling Price of United States Share of Petroleum

Pub. L. 106–291, title II, Oct. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 976, provided in part: "That the requirements of 10 U.S.C. 7430(b)(2)(B) [now 8730(b)(2)(B)] shall not apply to fiscal year 2001 and any fiscal year thereafter".

Similar provisions were contained in the following appropriation and authorization acts:

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(3) [title II], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–179.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(e) [title II], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–276.

Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXIV, §3402, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2059.

Pub. L. 105–83, title II, Nov. 14, 1997, 111 Stat. 1580.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(d) [title II], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–181, 3009–210.

Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXIV, §3402, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2858.

Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(c) [title II], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–187; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.

Pub. L. 104–106, div. C, title XXXIV, §3402, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 631.

Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXV, §3502, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3111.

Pub. L. 103–332, title II, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2525.

Pub. L. 103–138, title II, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1405.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions vested in President by subsec. (k) of this section delegated to Secretary of Energy by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12231, Aug. 4, 1980, 45 F.R. 52139, set out as a note under section 6240 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
10 U.S.C. § 2350k (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 138 / Subchapter II / Section 2350k: Relocation within host nation of elements of armed forces overseas
Relocation within host nation of elements of armed forces overseas
Status: in_force

(a) Authority To Accept Contributions.—The Secretary of Defense may accept contributions from any nation because of or in support of the relocation of elements of the armed forces from or to any location within that nation. Such contributions may be accepted in dollars or in the currency of the host nation. Any such contribution shall be placed in an account established for such purpose and shall remain available until expended for the purposes specified in subsection (b). The Secretary shall establish a separate account for such purpose for each country from which such contributions are accepted.

(b) Use of Contributions.—The Secretary may use a contribution accepted under subsection (a) only for payment of costs incurred in connection with the relocation concerning which the contribution was made. Those costs include the following:

(1) Design and construction services, including development and review of statements of work, master plans and designs, acquisition of construction, and supervision and administration of contracts relating thereto.

(2) Transportation and movement services, including packing, unpacking, storage, and transportation.

(3) Communications services, including installation and deinstallation of communications equipment, transmission of messages and data, and rental of transmission capability.

(4) Supply and administration, including acquisition of expendable office supplies, rental of office space, budgeting and accounting services, auditing services, secretarial services, and translation services.

(5) Personnel costs, including salary, allowances and overhead of employees whether full-time or part-time, temporary or permanent (except for military personnel), and travel and temporary duty costs.

(6) All other clearly identifiable expenses directly related to relocation.

(c) Method of Contribution.—Contributions may be accepted in any of the following forms:

(1) Irrevocable letter of credit issued by a financial institution acceptable to the Treasurer of the United States.

(2) Drawing rights on a commercial bank account established and funded by the host nation, which account is blocked such that funds deposited cannot be withdrawn except by or with the approval of the United States.

(3) Cash, which shall be deposited in a separate trust fund in the United States Treasury pending expenditure and which shall accrue interest in accordance with section 9702 of title 31.

(Added Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XIII, §1332(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 482; amended Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title X, §1041(a)(11), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2645.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–314 struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: "Not later than 30 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report specifying—

"(1) the amount of the contributions accepted by the Secretary during the preceding fiscal year under subsection (a) and the purposes for which the contributions were made; and

"(2) the amount of the contributions expended by the Secretary during the preceding fiscal year and the purposes for which the contributions were expended."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XIII, §1332(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 484, provided that: "Section 2350k of title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996] and shall apply to contributions for relocation of elements of the Armed Forces in or to any nation received on or after such date."
10 U.S.C. § 7712 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 775 / Section 7712: Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial
Disposition of effects of deceased persons by summary court-martial
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the death of—

(1) a person subject to military law at a place or command under the jurisdiction of the Army; or

(2) a resident of the Armed Forces Retirement Home who dies in an Army hospital outside the District of Columbia when sent from the Home to that hospital for treatment;

the commanding officer of the place or command shall permit the legal representative or the surviving spouse of the deceased, if present, to take possession of the effects of the deceased that are then in camp or quarters.

(b) If there is no legal representative or surviving spouse present, the commanding officer shall direct a summary court-martial to collect the effects of the deceased that are then in camp or quarters.

(c) The summary court-martial may collect debts due the decedent's estate by local debtors, pay undisputed local creditors of the deceased to the extent permitted by money of the deceased in the court's possession, and shall take receipts for those payments, to be filed with the court's final report to the Department of the Army.

(d) As soon as practicable after the collection of the effects and money of the deceased, the summary court-martial shall send them at the expense of the United States to the living person highest on the following list who can be found by the court:

(1) The surviving spouse or legal representative.

(2) A child of the deceased.

(3) A parent of the deceased.

(4) A brother or sister of the deceased.

(5) The next-of-kin of the deceased.

(6) A beneficiary named in the will of the deceased.

(e) If the summary court-martial cannot dispose of the effects under subsection (d) because there are no persons in those categories or because the court finds that the addresses of the persons are not known or readily ascertainable, the court may convert the effects of the deceased, except sabers, insignia, decorations, medals, watches, trinkets, manuscripts, and other articles valuable chiefly as keepsakes, into cash, by public or private sale, but not until 30 days after the date of death of the deceased.

(f) As soon as practicable after the effects have been converted into cash under subsection (e), the summary court-martial shall deposit all cash in the court's possession and belonging to the estate with the officer designated in regulations, and shall send a receipt therefor, together with any will or other papers of value, an inventory of the effects, and articles not permitted to be sold, to the executive part of the Department of the Army. The Secretary of the Army shall deliver to the Armed Forces Retirement Home all items received by the executive part of the Department of the Army under this subsection.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 264, §4712; Pub. L. 89–718, §30, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §512(20), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, §1301(b)(4)(A), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XV, §1533(a)(6), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 104–316, title II, §202(g), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3842; renumbered §7712, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §808(d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1839.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

4712(a)

 

 
4712(b) 

5:150j (words before 1st semicolon of 1st par.; and last par.).
5:150j (22 words after 1st semicolon of 1st par.). 

June 4, 1920, ch. 227, subch. II, §1 (Art. 112), 41 Stat. 809; May 5, 1950, ch. 169, § 6(c), 64 Stat. 145.

4712(c) 
5:150j (words between 1st and 2d semicolons of 1st par., less 1st 22 words).

4712(d) 
5:150j (words between 2d and 3d semicolons of 1st par.).

4712(e) 
5:150j (words between 3d and 4th semicolons of 1st par.).

4712(f) 
5:150j (1st par., less words before 4th semicolon, and less last 40 words).

4712(g) 
5:150j (last 40 words of 1st par.).

In subsection (a), the words "the court-martial jurisdiction of the Army or the Air Force at a place or command under the jurisdiction of the Army" are substituted for the words "military law", to reflect the creation of a separate Air Force. Clause (2) is substituted for 5:150j (last par.).

In subsections (a), (b), and (d), the words "surviving spouse" are substituted for the word "widow".

In subsection (c), the word "may" is substituted for the words "shall have authority to". The words "to the extent permitted" are substituted for the words "in so far as * * * will permit". The words "under this article" and "upon its transactions" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (d), the words "through the Quartermaster Corps" are omitted, since the functions are no longer lodged in the Quartermaster Corps. The words "if such be found by said court" are omitted as surplusage. The words "United States" are substituted for the word "Government". 5:150j (19 words before 3d semicolon of 1st par.) is omitted as covered by subsection (g).

In subsection (e), the first 37 words are substituted for 5:150j (33 words after 3d semicolon of 1st par.). The word "may" is substituted for the words "shall have the authority".

In subsection (f), the words "Soldiers' Home" are inserted, since, as provided in section 4713 of this title, the Home is now the place where the mentioned articles are sent.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 4712 of this title as this section.

1996—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out subsec. (g) which read as follows: "The summary court-martial shall make a full report of the transactions under this section, with respect to the deceased, to the Department of the Army for transmission to the General Accounting Office for action authorized in the settlement of accounts of deceased members of the Army."

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–510, §1533(a)(6)(A), substituted "a resident of the Armed Forces Retirement Home" for "an inmate of the United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–510, §1533(a)(6)(B), struck out "for transmission to the United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home" after "Department of the Army" and inserted at end "The Secretary of the Army shall deliver to the Armed Forces Retirement Home all items received by the executive part of the Department of the Army under this subsection."

1985—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–145 substituted new pars. (1) to (6) for former pars. (1) to (9) which read as follows:

"(1) Surviving spouse or legal representative.

"(2) Son.

"(3) Daughter.

"(4) Father, if he has not abandoned the support of his family.

"(5) Mother.

"(6) Brother.

"(7) Sister.

"(8) Next of kin.

"(9) Beneficiary named in the will of the deceased."

1980—Subsecs. (a)(2), (f). Pub. L. 96–513 substituted "United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home" for "Soldiers' Home".

1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–718 substituted "military law" for "the court-martial jurisdiction of the Army or the Air Force".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–510 effective one year after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 1541 of Pub. L. 101–510, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 401 of Title 24, Hospitals and Asylums.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.