7 U.S.C. § 1736o (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736o: Food for progress
Food for progress
Status: in_force

(a) Short title

This section may be cited as the "Food for Progress Act of 1985".

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Cooperative

The term "cooperative" has the meaning given the term in section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1732).

(2) Corporation

The term "Corporation" means the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(3) Developing country

The term "developing country" has the meaning given the term in section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1732).

(4) Eligible commodity

The term "eligible commodity" means an agricultural commodity, or a product of an agricultural commodity, in inventories of the Corporation or acquired by the Secretary or the Corporation for disposition through commercial purchases under a program authorized under this section.

(5) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) the government of an emerging agricultural country;

(B) an intergovernmental organization;

(C) a private voluntary organization;

(D) a nonprofit agricultural organization or cooperative;

(E) a nongovernmental organization;

(F) a college or university (as such terms are defined in section 3103(4) of this title); and

(G) any other private entity.

(6) Food security

The term "food security" means access by all people at all times to sufficient food and nutrition for a healthy and productive life.

(7) Nongovernmental organization

The term "nongovernmental organization" has the meaning given the term in section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1732).

(8) Private voluntary organization

The term "private voluntary organization" has the meaning given the term in section 402 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1732).

(9) Program

The term "program" means a food assistance or development initiative proposed by an eligible entity and approved by the Secretary under this section.

(10) Rate of return

For purposes of applying subsection (j)(3), the rate of return for an eligible commodity shall be equal to the proportion that—

(A) the proceeds eligible entities generate through monetization of such commodity, bears to

(B) the cost to the Federal Government to procure and ship the commodity to the country where it is monetized.

(11) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(c) Program

In order to use the food resources of the United States more effectively in support of developing countries, and countries that are emerging democracies that have made commitments to introduce or expand free enterprise elements in their agricultural economies through changes in commodity pricing, marketing, input availability, distribution, and private sector involvement, the Secretary shall enter into agreements with eligible entities to furnish to the countries eligible commodities made available under subsections (e) and (f).

(d) Consideration for agreements

In determining whether to enter into an agreement under this section, the Secretary shall consider whether a potential recipient country is committed to carry out, or is carrying out, policies that promote economic freedom, private, domestic production of eligible commodities for domestic consumption, and the creation and expansion of efficient domestic markets for the purchase and sale of such eligible commodities. Such policies may provide for, among other things—

(1) access, on the part of farmers in the country, to private, competitive markets for their product;

(2) market pricing of eligible commodities to foster adequate private sector incentives to individual farmers to produce food on a regular basis for the country's domestic needs;

(3) establishment of market-determined foreign exchange rates;

(4) timely availability of production inputs (such as seed, fertilizer, or pesticides) to farmers;

(5) access to technologies appropriate to the level of agricultural development in the country; and

(6) construction of facilities and distribution systems necessary to handle perishable products.

(e) Funding of eligible commodities

(1) The Corporation shall make available to the Secretary such eligible commodities as the Secretary may request for purposes of furnishing eligible commodities under this section.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Corporation may use funds appropriated to carry out title I of the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] in carrying out this section with respect to eligible commodities made available under that Act [7 U.S.C. 1691], and subsection (g) does not apply to eligible commodities furnished on a grant basis or on credit terms under that title.

(3) The Corporation may finance the sale and exportation of eligible commodities, made available under the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.], which are furnished under this section. Payment for eligible commodities made available under that Act which are purchased on credit terms under this section shall be on the same basis as the terms provided in section 103 of that Act [7 U.S.C. 1703].

(4) In the case of eligible commodities made available under the Food for Peace Act for purposes of this section, section 406 of that Act [7 U.S.C. 1736] shall apply to eligible commodities furnished on a grant basis under this section and sections 402, 403(a), 403(c), and 403(i) of that Act [7 U.S.C. 1732, 1733(a), (c), (i)] shall apply to all eligible commodities furnished under this section.

(5) No effect on domestic programs.—The Secretary shall not make an eligible commodity available for disposition under this section in any amount that will reduce the amount of the eligible commodity that is traditionally made available through donations to domestic feeding programs or agencies, as determined by the Secretary.

(f) Provision of eligible commodities to developing countries

(1) The Corporation may provide for—

(A) grants, or

(B) sales on credit terms,

of eligible commodities made available under section 1431(b) of this title for use in carrying out this section.

(2) In carrying out section 1431(b) of this title, the Corporation may purchase eligible commodities for use under this section if—

(A) the Corporation does not hold stocks of such eligible commodities; or

(B) Corporation stocks are insufficient to satisfy commitments made in agreements entered into under this section and such eligible commodities are needed to fulfill such commitments.

(3) No funds of the Corporation in excess of $40,000,000 (exclusive of the cost of eligible commodities) may be used for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2023 to carry out this section with respect to eligible commodities made available under section 1431(b) of this title unless authorized in advance in appropriation Acts.

(4) The cost of eligible commodities made available under section 1431(b) of this title which are furnished under this section, and the expenses incurred in connection with furnishing such eligible commodities, shall be in addition to the level of assistance programmed under the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.] and may not be considered expenditures for international affairs and finance.

(5) Sale procedure.—In making sales of eligible eligible 1 commodities under this section, the Secretary shall follow the sale procedure described in section 403(l) of the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1733(l)].

(g) Minimum tonnage

Subject to subsection (f)(3), not less than 400,000 metric tons of eligible commodities shall be provided under this section for the program for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2023.

(h) Prohibition on resale or transshipment of eligible commodities

An agreement entered into under this section shall prohibit the resale or transshipment of the eligible commodities provided under the agreement to other countries.

(i) Displacement of United States commercial sales

In entering into agreements under this section, the Secretary shall take reasonable steps to avoid displacement of any sales of United States commodities that would otherwise be made to such countries.

(j) Multicountry or multiyear basis

(1) In general

In carrying out this section, the Secretary, on request and subject to the availability of eligible commodities, is encouraged to approve agreements that provide for eligible commodities to be made available for distribution or sale by the recipient on a multicountry or multiyear basis if the agreements otherwise meet the requirements of this section.

(2) Deadline for program announcements

Before the beginning of any fiscal year, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable—

(A) make all determinations concerning program agreements and resource requests for programs under this section; and

(B) announce those determinations.

(3) Report

Not later than April 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate—

(A) a list of programs, countries, and eligible commodities, and the total amount of funds for transportation and administrative costs, approved during the prior fiscal year under this section;

(B) a description of the actual rate of return for each commodity made available under this section for the previous fiscal year including—

(i) factors that influenced the rate of return; and

(ii) with respect to the commodity, the costs of bagging or further processing, ocean transportation, inland transportation, storage costs, and any other information that the Secretary determines to be necessary; and

(C) for each instance in which a commodity was made available under this section at a rate of return less than 70 percent, an explanation for the rate of return realized.

(k) Effective and termination dates

This section shall be effective during the period beginning October 1, 1985, and ending December 31, 2023.

(l) Administrative expenses

(1) To enhance the development of private sector agriculture in countries receiving assistance under this section the Secretary may, in each of the fiscal years 1996 through 2023, use in addition to any amounts or eligible commodities otherwise made available under this section for such activities, not to exceed $15,000,000 (or, in the case of fiscal year 1999, $12,000,000) of Corporation funds (or eligible commodities of an equal value owned by the Corporation), to provide assistance in the administration, sale, and monitoring of food assistance programs, and to provide technical assistance for monetization programs, to strengthen private sector agriculture in recipient countries.

(2) To carry out this subsection, the Secretary may provide eligible commodities under agreements entered into under this section in a manner that uses the commodity transaction as a means of developing in the recipient countries a competitive private sector that can provide for the importation, transportation, storage, marketing and distribution of such eligible commodities.

(3) The Secretary may use the assistance provided under this subsection and proceeds derived from the sale of eligible commodities under paragraph (2) to design, monitor, and administer activities undertaken with such assistance, for the purpose of strengthening or creating the capacity of recipient country private enterprises to undertake commercial transactions, with the overall goal of increasing potential markets for United States agricultural eligible commodities.

(4) Humanitarian or development purposes.—The Secretary may authorize the use of proceeds to pay the costs incurred by an eligible entity under this section for—

(A)(i) programs targeted at hunger and malnutrition; or

(ii) development programs involving food security;

(B) transportation, storage, and distribution of eligible commodities provided under this section; and

(C) administration, sales, monitoring, and technical assistance.

(m) Secretarial approval

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall approve, as determined appropriate by the Secretary, agreements with agricultural trade organizations, intergovernmental organizations, private voluntary organizations, and cooperatives that provide for—

(1) the sale of eligible commodities, including the marketing of eligible commodities through the private sector; and

(2) the use of the proceeds generated in the humanitarian and development programs of such agricultural trade organizations, intergovernmental organizations, private voluntary organizations, and cooperatives.

(n) Program management

(1) In general

The Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that each eligible entity participating in 1 or more programs under this section—

(A) uses eligible commodities made available under this section—

(i) in an effective manner;

(ii) in the areas of greatest need; and

(iii) in a manner that promotes the purposes of this section;

(B) in using eligible commodities, assesses and takes into account the needs of recipient countries and the target populations of the recipient countries;

(C) works with recipient countries, and indigenous institutions or groups in recipient countries, to design and carry out mutually acceptable programs authorized under this section; and

(D) monitors and reports on the distribution or sale of eligible commodities provided under this section using methods that, as determined by the Secretary, facilitate accurate and timely reporting.

(2) Requirements

(A) In general

Not later than 270 days after May 13, 2002, the Secretary shall review and, as necessary, make changes in regulations and internal procedures designed to streamline, improve, and clarify the application, approval, and implementation processes pertaining to agreements under this section.

(B) Considerations

In conducting the review, the Secretary shall consider—

(i) revising procedures for submitting proposals;

(ii) developing criteria for program approval that separately address the objectives of the program;

(iii) pre-screening organizations and proposals to ensure that the minimum qualifications are met;

(iv) implementing e-government initiatives and otherwise improving the efficiency of the proposal submission and approval processes;

(v) upgrading information management systems;

(vi) improving commodity and transportation procurement processes; and

(vii) ensuring that evaluation and monitoring methods are sufficient.

(C) Consultations

Not later than 1 year after May 13, 2002, the Secretary shall consult with the Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on International Relations, of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on changes made in regulations and procedures.

(3) Reports

Each eligible entity that enters into an agreement under this section shall submit to the Secretary, at such time as the Secretary may request, a report containing such information as the Secretary may request relating to the use of eligible commodities and funds furnished to the eligible entity under this section.

(o) Private voluntary organizations and other private entities

In entering into agreements described in subsection (c), the Secretary—

(1) shall enter into agreements with eligible entities described in subparagraphs (C) and (G) of subsection (b)(5); and

(2) shall not discriminate against such eligible entities.

(p) Pilot agreements

(1) In general

For each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, subject to the availability of appropriations pursuant to the authorization in paragraph (3), the Secretary shall enter into 1 or more pilot agreements with 1 or more eligible entities through which the Secretary shall provide financial assistance to the eligible entities to carry out activities consistent with subsection (l)(4)(A).

(2) Report required

In each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing, with respect to the previous fiscal year—

(A) the amount provided to eligible entities under each pilot agreement pursuant to paragraph (1) and how the funds were used;

(B) the activities carried out under each pilot agreement;

(C) the number of direct and indirect beneficiaries of those activities; and

(D) the effectiveness of the pilot agreements, including as applicable the impact on food security and agricultural productivity.

(3) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out pilot agreements pursuant to this subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1110, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4303, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1397; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §§1516, 1572(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3663, 3702; Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §335, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1859; Pub. L. 102–511, title VII, §701, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3348; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §§227, 265(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 962, 974; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title XI, §1125], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–45; Pub. L. 107–171, title III, §§3009(b)(2), 3106, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 283, 291; Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §745, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §§3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(F), 3014(b)(2), 3105, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1826, 1833; Pub. L. 113–79, title III, §3201, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 115–334, title III, §3302, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4617.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food for Peace Act, referred to in subsecs. (e) and (f)(4), is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454, which is classified generally to this chapter (§1691 et seq.). Title I of the Act is classified to subchapter II (§1701 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Food for Peace Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(1), substituted "Secretary" for "President" wherever appearing, except in subsecs. (f)(5) and (l)(4).

Subsec. (b)(5)(F), (G). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(2)(A), added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpar. (F) as (G).

Subsec. (b)(10), (11). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(2)(B), added pars. (10) and (11).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(3), substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(4), substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(5), substituted "April 1" for "December 1", inserted dash after "the Senate" and subpar. (A) designation before "a list", substituted "approved during the prior fiscal year" for "approved to date for the fiscal year", and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(6), substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(7), substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(8), substituted "Secretarial" for "Presidential" in heading.

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(9), struck out "(acting through the Secretary)" before dash at end of introductory provisions.

Subsec. (o)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(10), substituted "subparagraphs (C) and (G)" for "subparagraphs (C) and (F)".

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 115–334, §3302(11), added subsec. (p).

2014—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 113–79, §3201(a)(1), substituted "2018" for "2012".

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 113–79, §3201(b), struck out par. (6) which related to approval of project for Malawi during fiscal year 2009.

Subsecs. (g), (k), (l)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §3201(a)(2)–(4), substituted "2018" for "2012".

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(F), substituted "Food for Peace Act" for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §3014(b)(2), struck out "determined to be available under section 401 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954" after "such eligible commodities".

Subsec. (e)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 110–246, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(F), substituted "Food for Peace Act" for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §3105(a), substituted "2012" for "2007".

Subsec. (f)(4), (5). Pub. L. 110–246, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(F), substituted "Food for Peace Act" for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954".

Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 110–246, §3105(b), added par. (6).

Subsecs. (g), (k), (l)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §3105(a), substituted "2012" for "2007".

2003—Subsecs. (c), (g). Pub. L. 108–7, §745(1), substituted "shall" for "may".

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 108–7, §745(2), added subsec. (o).

2002—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(1), added heading and text of subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) which read as follows:

"(b) In order to use the food resources of the United States more effectively in support of developing countries, and countries that are emerging democracies, that have made commitments to introduce or expand free enterprise elements in their agricultural economies through changes in commodity pricing, marketing, input availability, distribution, and private sector involvement, the President is authorized to enter into agreements with the governments of such countries (including the independent states of the former Soviet Union), or with private voluntary organizations, nonprofit agricultural organizations, cooperatives, intergovernmental organizations, or other private entities, to furnish commodities made available pursuant to subsections (e) and (f) of this section. Such agreements may provide for commodities to be furnished on a multiyear basis.

"(c) As used in this section, the term 'commodities' means agricultural commodities and the products thereof."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(A), (D), (c), inserted heading, in introductory provisions struck out "food" after "domestic production of" and substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities" in two places, and in par. (2) substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(D), (E), (d), inserted heading, substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities" and "Corporation" for "Commodity Credit Corporation" wherever appearing, inserted ", and subsection (g) does not apply to eligible commodities furnished on a grant basis or on credit terms under that title" before period at end of par. (2), and added par. (5).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(D), (E), (e)(1), inserted heading and substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities" and "Corporation" for "Commodity Credit Corporation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(a), (b)(2)(D), (E), substituted "Corporation" for "Commodity Credit Corporation", "eligible commodities" for "commodities" in two places, and "2007" for "2002".

Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(e)(2), which directed substitution of "$40,000,000" for "$30,000,000 (or in the case of fiscal year 1999, $35,000,000)", was executed by making the substitution for "$30,000,000 (or, in the case of fiscal year 1999, $35,000,000)" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 107–171, §3009(b)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(f), added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which read as follows: "Not more than 500,000 metric tons of commodities may be furnished under this section in each of the fiscal years 1986 through 2002."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(D), (g), inserted heading and substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(h), inserted heading.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(D), (i), inserted heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, struck out "may" after "the President", substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities" in two places, "is encouraged to approve" for "approve", and "multicountry or multiyear" for "multiyear", and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(a), (j), inserted heading and substituted "2007" for "2002".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(a), (b)(2)(B), (D), (E), (k), inserted heading, substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities" wherever appearing, in par. (1) substituted "2007" for "2002", "$15,000,000" for "$10,000,000", and "Corporation" for "Commodity Credit Corporation" after "$12,000,000) of", in par. (2) struck out "agricultural" after "President may provide", in par. (3) substituted "proceeds" for "local currencies", and added par. (4).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(C), (D), (l), inserted heading and, in par. (1), substituted "eligible commodities" for "commodities" in two places and struck out "these" after "marketing of".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(m), added subsec. (n) and struck out former subsec. (n) which read as follows: "During fiscal year 1999, to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall utilize Private Voluntary Organizations to carry out this section."

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 107–171, §3106(b)(2)(F), struck out subsec. (o) which read as follows: "As used in this section, the term 'independent states of the former Soviet Union' means the independent states of the former Soviet Union as defined in section 5602(8) of this title."

1998—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(a) [title XI, §1125(1)], inserted "(or, in the case of fiscal year 1999, $35,000,000)" after "$30,000,000".

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(a) [title XI, §1125(2)], inserted "(or, in the case of fiscal year 1999, $12,000,000)" after "$10,000,000".

Subsecs. (n), (o). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(a) [title XI, §1125(3), (4)], added subsec. (n) and redesignated former subsec. (n) as (o).

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(1), struck out "(1)" before "In order to use", inserted "intergovernmental organizations," after "cooperatives,", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "The annual tonnage limitation contained in subsection (g) of this section shall not apply with respect to commodities furnished to the independent states of the former Soviet Union during fiscal year 1993."

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 104–127, §265(b), substituted "section 103" for "section 106".

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(2), substituted "section 406" for "section 203".

Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(3)(A), struck out "in the case of the independent states of the former Soviet Union," before "sales on credit terms,".

Subsec. (f)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(3)(B)–(D), in par. (4), inserted "for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002" after "may be used", redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (2) to (4), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Not less than 75,000 metric tons shall be made available pursuant to section 1431(b)(10)(C) of this title to carry out this section unless the President determines there are an insufficient number of eligible recipients."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(4), substituted "2002" for "1995".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(5), substituted "may" for "shall".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(6), substituted "2002" for "1995".

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(7), substituted "1996 through 2002" for "1991 through 1995" and inserted ", and to provide technical assistance for monetization programs," after "monitoring of food assistance programs".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 104–127, §227(8), in introductory provisions, struck out "with respect to the independent states of the former Soviet Union" after "this section" and substituted "agricultural trade organizations, intergovernmental organizations, private voluntary organizations, and cooperatives" for "private voluntary organizations and cooperatives", and in par. (2), struck out "in the independent states" after "the use" and substituted "agricultural trade organizations, intergovernmental organizations, private voluntary organizations, and cooperatives" for "private voluntary organizations and cooperatives".

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–511, §701(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted "(including the independent states of the former Soviet Union)" after "such countries", substituted "cooperatives, or other private entities" for "or cooperatives", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 102–511, §701(2), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Commodities made available under section 1431(b) of this title for use in carrying out this section shall be provided on a grant basis."

Subsecs. (m) and (n). Pub. L. 102–511, §701(3), added subsecs. (m) and (n).

1991—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–237, §335(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (l) as (k) and struck out "September 30," before "December 31".

Subsecs. (l), (m). Pub. L. 102–237, §335(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (m) as (l) and substituted "this section" for "this Act" wherever appearing.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(1), substituted "developing countries, and countries that are emerging democracies, that" for "countries that", and "the governments of such countries, or with private voluntary organizations, nonprofit agricultural organizations, or cooperatives," for "developing countries".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(2), struck out "with countries" before "under this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(3), struck out "to a developing country" before "under this section", and "by a developing country" before "for commodities".

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(4), struck out "to a developing country" before "under this section" in two places, and substituted "sections 402, 403(a), 403(c), and 403(i)" for "section 401(b)".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(5), struck out "to developing countries" before "on a grant basis".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(6), substituted "1995" for "1990".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–624, §1572(1), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j) and struck out former subsec. (j) which read as follows: "Within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year in which an agreement under this section is in effect with respect to a country, the President shall report to the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on the status of such agreement and the progress being made to implement private, free enterprise agricultural policies for long-term agricultural development in such country."

Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(7), struck out "entered into with a country" before "under this section", and inserted "with respect to a country" after "effect".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 101–624, §1572(1)(B), redesignated subsec. (k) as (j).

Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(8), substituted "the recipient" for "recipient countries".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(9), substituted "December 31, 1995" for "1990".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–624, §1516(10), added subsec. (m).

1988—Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 100–418 added subsec. (k) and redesignated former subsec. (k) as (l).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 12583

Ex. Ord. No. 12583, Feb. 19, 1987, 52 F.R. 5427, which related to the delegation of functions relating to entering into agreements with developing countries and waiving minimum tonnage requirements, was revoked by section 6 of Ex. Ord. No. 12752, Feb. 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 8256, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

1 So in original.
7 U.S.C. § 625 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 625: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(s), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(s), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 98–59, §3, July 25, 1983, 97 Stat. 296, related to review of the effects of Burley tobacco imports on the Department of Agriculture's Burley tobacco price-support program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this section with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5341 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 84: NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Subchapter III: DIETARY GUIDANCE / Section 5341: Establishment of dietary guidelines
Establishment of dietary guidelines
Status: in_force

(a) Report

(1) In general

At least every five years the Secretaries shall publish a report entitled "Dietary Guidelines for Americans". Each such report shall contain nutritional and dietary information and guidelines for the general public, and shall be promoted by each Federal agency in carrying out any Federal food, nutrition, or health program.

(2) Basis of guidelines

The information and guidelines contained in each report required under paragraph (1) shall be based on the preponderance of the scientific and medical knowledge which is current at the time the report is prepared.

(3) Pregnant women and young children

Not later than the 2020 report and in each report thereafter, the Secretaries shall include national nutritional and dietary information and guidelines for pregnant women and children from birth until the age of 2.

(b) Approval by Secretaries

(1) Review

Any Federal agency that proposes to issue any dietary guidance for the general population or identified population subgroups shall submit the text of such guidance to the Secretaries for a sixty-day review period.

(2) Basis of review

(A) In general

During the sixty-day review period established in paragraph (1), the Secretaries shall review and approve or disapprove such guidance to assure that the guidance either is consistent with the "Dietary Guidelines for Americans" or that the guidance is based on medical or new scientific knowledge which is determined to be valid by the Secretaries. If after such sixty-day period neither Secretary notifies the proposing agency that such guidance has been disapproved, then such guidance may be issued by the agency. If both Secretaries disapprove of such guidance, it shall be returned to the agency. If either Secretary finds that such guidance is inconsistent with the "Dietary Guidelines for Americans" and so notifies the proposing agency, such agency shall follow the procedures set forth in this subsection before disseminating such proposal to the public in final form. If after such sixty-day period, either Secretary disapproves such guidance as inconsistent with the "Dietary Guidelines for Americans" the proposing agency shall—

(i) publish a notice in the Federal Register of the availability of the full text of the proposal and the preamble of such proposal which shall explain the basis and purpose for the proposed dietary guidance;

(ii) provide in such notice for a public comment period of thirty days; and

(iii) make available for public inspection and copying during normal business hours any comment received by the agency during such comment period.

(B) Review of comments

After review of comments received during the comment period either Secretary may approve for dissemination by the proposing agency a final version of such dietary guidance along with an explanation of the basis and purpose for the final guidance which addresses significant and substantive comments as determined by the proposing agency.

(C) Announcement

Any such final dietary guidance to be disseminated under subparagraph (B) shall be announced in a notice published in the Federal Register, before public dissemination along with an address where copies may be obtained.

(D) Notification of disapproval

If after the thirty-day period for comment as provided under subparagraph (A)(ii), both Secretaries disapprove a proposed dietary guidance, the Secretaries shall notify the Federal agency submitting such guidance of such disapproval, and such guidance may not be issued, except as provided in subparagraph (E).

(E) Review of disapproval

If a proposed dietary guidance is disapproved by both Secretaries under subparagraph (D), the Federal agency proposing such guidance may, within fifteen days after receiving notification of such disapproval under subparagraph (D), request the Secretaries to review such disapproval. Within fifteen days after receiving a request for such a review, the Secretaries shall conduct such review. If, pursuant to such review, either Secretary approves such proposed dietary guidance, such guidance may be issued by the Federal agency.

(3) Limitation on definition of guidance

For purposes of this subsection, the term "dietary guidance for the general population" does not include any rule or regulation issued by a Federal agency.

(4) "Identified population subgroups" defined

For purposes of this subsection, the term "identified population subgroups" shall include, but not be limited to, groups based on factors such as age, sex, or race.

(c) Existing authority not affected

This section does not place any limitations on—

(1) the conduct or support of any scientific or medical research by any Federal agency;

(2) the presentation of any scientific or medical findings or the exchange or review of scientific or medical information by any Federal agency; or

(3) the authority of the Food and Drug Administration under the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321 1 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 101–445, title III, §301, Oct. 22, 1990, 104 Stat. 1042; Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4204, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 822.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of Title 21 and Tables.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–79 added par. (3).

1 So in original. Probably should be "301".
7 U.S.C. § 3199 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter V: ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH / Section 3199: Requirements for use of funds
Requirements for use of funds
Status: in_force

With respect to research projects on problems of animal health and disease to be performed at eligible institutions and supported with funds allocated to the States under subsection (c) of section 3195 of this title to carry out subsection (a) of such section, the dean or director of each eligible institution shall cause to be prepared and shall review proposals for such research projects, which contain data showing compliance with the purpose in section 3191 of this title and the provisions for use of funds specified in section 3195(a) of this title, and with general guidelines for project eligibility to be provided by the Secretary. Such research proposals that are approved by the dean or director shall be submitted to the Secretary prior to assignment of funds thereto with a brief summary showing compliance with the provisions of this subtitle and the Secretary's general guidelines.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1437, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1004; Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §606(d)(4), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 604; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7111(b)(3)(D), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 874.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "States under subsection (c) of section 3195 of this title to carry out subsection (a) of such section" for "States under section 3195 of this title".

1998—Pub. L. 105–185 struck out "with the advice, when available, of the Board" after "by the Secretary" in first sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1639o (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter VII: HEMP PRODUCTION / Section 1639o: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Hemp

The term "hemp" means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including the seeds thereof and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis.

(2) Indian tribe

The term "Indian tribe" has the meaning given the term in section 5304 of title 25.

(3) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(4) State

The term "State" means—

(A) a State;

(B) the District of Columbia;

(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and

(D) any other territory or possession of the United States.

(5) State department of agriculture

The term "State department of agriculture" means the agency, commission, or department of a State government responsible for agriculture in the State.

(6) Tribal government

The term "Tribal government" means the governing body of an Indian tribe.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §297A, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10113, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4908.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Interstate Commerce

Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10114, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4914, provided that:

"(a) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this title [enacting this subchapter and sections 1627c and 6521a of this title, amending sections 136a, 1622b, 1632a, 1632b, 2204h, 2207b, 2276, 2401, 2402, 2541, 2568, 3003, 5925c, 6502, 6514, 6515, 6518, 6519, 6521–6523, and 7655a of this title and section 714i of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, repealing sections 3005 and 3006 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1627c, 1639o, 6503, and 6521a of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1621 of this title] or an amendment made by this title prohibits the interstate commerce of hemp (as defined in section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 [7 U.S.C. 1639o] (as added by section 10113)) or hemp products.

"(b) Transportation of Hemp and Hemp Products.—No State or Indian Tribe shall prohibit the transportation or shipment of hemp or hemp products produced in accordance with subtitle G of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 [7 U.S.C. 1639o et seq.] (as added by section 10113) through the State or the territory of the Indian Tribe, as applicable."
7 U.S.C. § 1994 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1994: Maximum amounts for loans authorized; long-term cost projections
Maximum amounts for loans authorized; long-term cost projections
Status: in_force

(a) Maximum aggregate principal amounts for loans authorized

Effective October 1, 1979, the aggregate principal amount of loans under the programs authorized under each subchapter of this chapter during each three-year period thereafter shall not exceed such amounts as may be authorized by law after August 4, 1978. There shall be two amounts so established for each of such programs and for any maximum levels provided in appropriation Acts for the programs authorized under this chapter, one against which direct and insured loans shall be charged and the other against which guaranteed loans shall be charged.

(b) Authorization for loans

(1) In general

The Secretary may make or guarantee loans under subchapters I and II from the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund provided for in section 1929 of this title for not more than $10,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, of which, for each fiscal year—

(A) $3,000,000,000 shall be for direct loans, of which—

(i) $1,500,000,000 shall be for farm ownership loans under subchapter I; and

(ii) $1,500,000,000 shall be for operating loans under subchapter II; and

(B) $7,000,000,000 shall be for guaranteed loans, of which—

(i) $3,500,000,000 shall be for farm ownership loans under subchapter I; and

(ii) $3,500,000,000 shall be for operating loans under subchapter II.

(2) Beginning farmers and ranchers

(A) Direct loans

(i) Farm ownership loans

(I) In general

Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) for direct farm ownership loans, the Secretary shall reserve an amount that is not less than 75 percent of the total amount for qualified beginning farmers and ranchers.

(II) Down payment loans; joint financing arrangements

Of the amounts reserved for a fiscal year under subclause (I), the Secretary shall reserve an amount not less than 2/3 of the amount for the down payment loan program under section 1935 of this title and joint financing arrangements under section 1927(a)(3)(D) of this title until April 1 of the fiscal year.

(ii) Operating loans

Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) for direct operating loans, the Secretary shall reserve for qualified beginning farmers and ranchers—

(I) for each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998, 25 percent;

(II) for fiscal year 1999, 30 percent; and

(III) for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2023, an amount that is not less than 50 percent.

(iii) Funds reserved until September 1

Except as provided in clause (i)(II), funds reserved for qualified beginning farmers or ranchers under this subparagraph for a fiscal year shall be reserved only until September 1 of the fiscal year.

(B) Guaranteed loans

(i) Farm ownership loans

Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) for guarantees of farm ownership loans, the Secretary shall reserve an amount that is not less than 40 percent of the total amount for qualified beginning farmers and ranchers.

(ii) Operating loans

Of the amounts made available under paragraph (1) for guarantees of operating loans, the Secretary shall reserve 40 percent for qualified beginning farmers and ranchers.

(iii) Funds reserved until April 1

Funds reserved for qualified beginning farmers or ranchers under this subparagraph for a fiscal year shall be reserved only until April 1 of the fiscal year.

(C) Reserved funds for all qualified beginning farmers and ranchers

If a qualified beginning farmer or rancher meets the eligibility criteria for receiving a direct or guaranteed loan under section 1922, 1935, or 1941 of this title, the Secretary shall make or guarantee the loan if sufficient funds reserved under this paragraph are available to make or guarantee the loan.

(3) Transfer for down payment loans

(A) In general

Notwithstanding subsection (a), subject to subparagraph (B)—

(i) beginning on August 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use available unsubsidized guaranteed farm operating loan funds to provide direct farm ownership loans approved by the Secretary to qualified beginning farmers and ranchers under the down payment loan program established under section 1935 of this title, if sufficient direct farm ownership loan funds are not otherwise available; and

(ii) beginning on September 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use available unsubsidized guaranteed farm operating loan funds to provide direct farm ownership loans approved by the Secretary to qualified beginning farmers and ranchers, if sufficient direct farm ownership loan funds are not otherwise available.

(B) Limitation

The Secretary shall limit the transfer of funds under subparagraph (A) so that all guaranteed farm operating loans that have been approved, or will be approved, by the Secretary during the fiscal year will be made to the extent of available amounts.

(4) Transfer for credit sales of farm inventory property

(A) In general

Notwithstanding subsection (a), subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), beginning on September 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary may use available funds made available under subchapter III for the fiscal year to fund the credit sale of farm real estate in the inventory of the Secretary.

(B) Supplemental appropriations

The transfer authority provided under subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any funds made available to the Secretary for any fiscal year under an Act making supplemental appropriations.

(C) Limitation

The Secretary shall limit the transfer of funds under subparagraph (A) so that all emergency disaster loans that have been approved, or will be approved, by the Secretary during the fiscal year will be made to the extent of available amounts.

(5) Use of additional funds for direct operating microloans under certain conditions

(A) In general

If the Secretary determines that the amount needed for a fiscal year for direct operating loans (including microloans) under subchapter II is greater than the aggregate principal amount authorized for that fiscal year by this Act, an appropriations Act, or any other provision of law, the Secretary shall make additional microloans under subchapter II using amounts made available under subparagraph (C).

(B) Notice

Not later than 15 days before the date on which the Secretary uses the authority under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit a notice of the use of that authority to—

(i) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;

(ii) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(iii) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

(iv) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(C) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this paragraph $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(c) Development of long-term cost projections for loan program authorizations

The Secretary shall develop long-term cost projections for loan program authorizations required under subsection (a) of this section. Each such projection shall include analyses of (1) the long-term costs of the lending levels that the Secretary requests to be authorized under subsection (a) of this section and (2) the long-term costs for increases in lending levels beyond those requested to be authorized, based on increments of $10,000,000 or such other levels as the Secretary deems appropriate. Long-term cost projections for the three-year period beginning with fiscal year 1983 and each three-year period thereafter shall be submitted to the House Committee on Agriculture, the House Committee on Appropriations, the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, and the Senate Committee on Appropriations at the time the requests for authorizations for those periods are submitted to Congress. Not later than fifteen days after October 13, 1980, the Secretary shall submit to such committees long-term cost projections covering authorized lending levels for the loan programs for fiscal years 1981 and 1982.

(d) Low-income, limited-resource borrowers

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, not less than 25 per centum of the loans for farm ownership purposes under subchapter I of this chapter, and not less than 25 per centum of the loans for farm operating purposes under subchapter II of this chapter, authorized to be insured, or made to be sold and insured, from the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund during each fiscal year shall be for low-income, limited-resource borrowers.

(2) The Secretary shall provide notification to farm borrowers under this chapter, as soon as practicable after April 10, 1984, and in the normal course of loan making and loan servicing operations, of the provisions of this chapter relating to low-income, limited-resource borrowers and the procedures by which persons may apply for loans under the low-income, limited-resource borrower program.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §346, as added Pub. L. 95–334, title I, §125, Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 428; amended Pub. L. 96–438, §4, Oct. 13, 1980, 94 Stat. 1876; Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §164, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 98–258, title VI, §607, Apr. 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 140; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIII, §1317, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1529; Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1202(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–9; Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2388(i), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4053; Pub. L. 102–237, title VII, §§701(h)(1)(F), 702(i), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1880, 1881; Pub. L. 102–554, §20, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4159; Pub. L. 104–127, title VI, §641, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1098; Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §§5311, 5312, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 346, 347; Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §§5302(b), 5303, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §§5302(b), 5303, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1913, 1914; Pub. L. 113–79, title V, §§5304, 5305, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 840; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §§5302–5304, 5401(g), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4671, 4672, 4674.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d)(2), was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 294, known as the Agricultural Act of 1961. Title III of the Act, which is classified principally to this chapter, is known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act. For complete classification of these Acts to the Code, see Short Title notes set out under sections 1911 and 1921 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, §5401(g), struck out comma before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §5302, substituted "$10,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023" for "$4,226,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2018" in introductory provisions, added subpars. (A) and (B), and struck out former subpars. (A) and (B) which set aside, out of the $4,226,000,000 loan amount authorized, $1,200,000,000 for direct loans and $3,026,000,000 for guaranteed loans.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 115–334, §5303, substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 115–334, §5304, added par. (5).

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §5304, substituted "2018" for "2012" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 113–79, §5305, substituted "2018" for "2012" and struck out "of the total amount" before period at end.

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §5303(1), substituted "$4,226,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012" for "$3,796,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2007" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–246, §5303(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "$1,200,000,000" for "$770,000,000", in cl. (i), substituted "$350,000,000" for "$205,000,000", and, in cl. (ii), substituted "$850,000,000" for "$565,000,000".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 110–246, §5302(b)(1)(A), in subcl. (I), substituted "an amount that is not less than 75 percent of the total amount" for "70 percent" and, in subcl. (II), inserted "; joint financing arrangements" at end of heading and, in text, substituted "an amount not less than 2/3 of the amount" for "60 percent" and inserted "and joint financing arrangements under section 1927(a)(3)(D) of this title" after "section 1935 of this title".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 110–246, §5302(b)(1)(B), substituted "2008 through 2012, an amount that is not less than 50 percent of the total amount" for "2003 through 2007, 35 percent".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 110–246, §5302(b)(2), substituted "an amount that is not less than 40 percent of the total amount" for "25 percent".

2002—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §5311, reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text related to guaranteed loans under subchapters I and II of this chapter from the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund provided for in section 1929 of this title for fiscal years 1996 to 2002.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 107–171, §5312, substituted "2003 through 2007" for "2000 through 2002".

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, §641(1), in second sentence, struck out "with or without authority for the Secretary to transfer amounts between such categories within a given program for more effective administration" before period at end.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §641(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b), which set forth maximum amounts for direct and guaranteed loans under the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund for fiscal years 1991 to 1995.

1992—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–554, §20(b), inserted sentence at end.

Subsec. (b)(3)(D) to (G). Pub. L. 102–554, §20(c), (d), added subpars. (D) to (G).

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 102–554, §20(a), (e), added pars. (5) and (6).

1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–237, §702(i), repealed Pub. L. 101–624, §2388(i). See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 102–237, §701(h)(1)(F), substituted "this chapter" for "this Act" in two places.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §2388(i), which amended subsec. (b), in par. (1)(B), by striking "subparagraph (C)" and inserting "paragraph (3)"; in par. (1)(C), by striking "subparagraph (A)" and inserting "paragraph (1)"; by redesignating pars. (1)(A), (B), (C), (D)(i), and (E) as (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), respectively; in par. (2), by redesignating cls. (i), (ii), and (iii) as subpars. (A), (B), and (C), respectively; in subpars. (A) to (C) of par. (2), by redesignating subcls. (I) and (II) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively; and in par. (5), by redesignating cls. (i), (ii), and (iii) as subpars. (A), (B), and (C), respectively, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–237, §702(i). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 101–508, §1202(a), amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions relating to maximum amounts for loans under the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund and the Rural Development Insurance Fund for fiscal years 1986 through 1988.

1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198, §1317(a), amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting provisions setting maximum amounts for loans under the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund and the Rural Development Insurance Fund for each of fiscal years ending September 30, 1986, through September 30, 1988, for provisions setting such amounts for each of fiscal years 1980, 1981, and 1982.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 99–198, §1317, struck out subsec. (d) which authorized special amounts for fiscal year 1982, redesignated subsec. (e) as (d), and in par. (1) substituted "25 per centum" for "20 per centum" wherever appearing and "each fiscal year" for "fiscal year 1984".

1984—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–258 added subsec. (e).

1981—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–35 added subsec. (d).

1980—Pub. L. 96–438 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by section 701(h)(1)(F) of Pub. L. 102–237 to any provision specified therein effective as if included in act that added provision so specified at the time such act became law, and amendment by section 702(i) of Pub. L. 102–237 effective as if included in the provision of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, to which the amendment relates, see section 1101(b)(7), (c) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1301, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–12, provided that: "This title and the amendments made by this title [enacting section 940d of this title, amending this section, sections 511r, 1441–2, 1444–2, 1444f, 1445, 1445b–3a, 1445c–3, 1445j, 1446e, 1446f to 1446h, 1722, 1736, 1736a, 1783, 1999, and 5822 of this title, and section 136a of Title 21, Food and Drugs, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 136w, 1421, and 1445b–3a of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1421 and 1999 of this title] shall become effective 1 day after the date of enactment of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 [Nov. 28, 1990], or December 1, 1990, whichever is earlier."

Construction of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–237, title VII, §702(i), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1881, provided that: "Subsection (i) of section 2388 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (104 Stat. 4053) [Pub. L. 101–624, amending this section] is hereby repealed and the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act [title III of Pub. L. 87–128, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title] shall be applied and administered as if the amendments made by such subsection had never been enacted."

Nullification of Reservation of Funds During Fiscal Year 1999 for Guaranteed Loans for Qualified Beginning Farmers and Ranchers

Pub. L. 106–2, §1, Mar. 15, 1999, 113 Stat. 5, provided that: "Amounts shall be made available pursuant to section 346(b)(1)(D) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act [7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(1)(D)] for guaranteed loans, without regard to any reservation under section 346(b)(2)(B) of such Act."
7 U.S.C. § 2483 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2483: Contents and term of plant variety protection
Contents and term of plant variety protection
Status: in_force

(a) Certificate

(1) Every certificate of plant variety protection shall certify that the breeder (or the successor in interest of the breeder),1 has the right, during the term of the plant variety protection, to exclude others from selling the variety, or offering it for sale, or reproducing it, or importing it, or exporting it, or using it in producing (as distinguished from developing) a hybrid or different variety therefrom, to the extent provided by this chapter.

(2) If the owner so elects, the certificate shall—

(A) specify that seed of the variety shall be sold in the United States only as a class of certified seed; and

(B) if so specified, conform to the number of generations designated by the owner.

(3) An owner may waive a right provided under this subsection, other than a right that is elected by the owner under paragraph (2)(A).

(4) The Secretary may at the discretion of the Secretary permit such election or waiver to be made after certificating and amend the certificate accordingly, without retroactive effect.

(b) Term

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term of plant variety protection shall expire 20 years from the date of issue of the certificate in the United States, except that—

(A) in the case of a tuber propagated plant variety subject to a waiver granted under section 2402(a)(1)(B)(i) of this title, the term of the plant variety protection shall expire 20 years after the date of the original grant of the plant breeder's rights to the variety outside the United States; and

(B) in the case of a tree or vine, the term of the plant variety protection shall expire 25 years from the date of issue of the certificate.

(2) Exceptions

If the certificate is not issued within three years from the effective filing date, the Secretary may shorten the term by the amount of delay in the prosecution of the application attributed by the Secretary to the applicant.

(c) Expiration upon failure to comply with regulations; notice

The term of plant variety protection shall also expire if the owner fails to comply with regulations, in force at the time of certificating, relating to replenishing seed in a public repository, or requiring the submission of a different name for the variety, except that this expiration shall not occur unless notice is mailed to the last owner recorded as provided in section 2531(d) of this title and the last owner fails, within the time allowed thereafter, not less than three months, to comply with said regulations, paying an additional fee to be prescribed by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §83, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1551; Pub. L. 96–574, §14, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3350; Pub. L. 103–349, §§7, 13(m), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3140, 3143; Pub. L. 104–127, title IX, §913(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1186.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §913(b)(1), (2), inserted heading, designated first sentence as par. (1), inserted par. heading, substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term" for "The term", designated second sentence as par. (2), and inserted par. heading.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §913(b)(3), which directed the amendment of par. (2) by striking out "except that, in the case" and inserting "except that—", subpar. (A), and "(B) in the case", was executed to par. (1) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–349, §7(1)(A), designated first through fourth sentences as pars. (1) to (4), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–349, §13(m)(1)(A), which directed the substitution of "(or the successor in interest of the breeder)" for "(or his successor in interest) his heirs and assignees", was executed by making the substitution for "(or his successor in interest) his heirs or assignees", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 103–349, §7(1)(B), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:

"(2) If the owner so elects, the certificate shall also specify that in the United States, seed of the variety shall be sold by variety name only as a class of certified seed and, if specified, shall also conform to the number of generations designated by the owner.

"(3) Any rights, or all rights except those elected under the preceding sentence, may be waived; and the certificate shall conform to such waiver."

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–349, §13(m)(1)(B), substituted "the discretion of the Secretary" for "his discretion".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–349, §7(2), in first sentence substituted "20 years" for "eighteen years" and inserted before period at end ", except that, in the case of a tree or vine, the term of the plant variety protection shall expire 25 years from the date of issue of the certificate".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–349, §§7(3), 13(m)(2), substituted "repository, or requiring the submission of a different name for the variety, except that" for "repository: Provided, however, That" and "the last owner" for "he" before "fails".

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–574 substituted "eighteen" for "seventeen".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–349 effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as a note under section 2401 of this title.

1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 3805 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 69: SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 3805: Civil penalties
Civil penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Assessment by Secretary

Any person who the Secretary determines, after notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record in accordance with sections 554 and 556 of title 5, is violating or has violated any provision of this chapter or any regulation of the Secretary issued hereunder, other than a violation for which a criminal penalty has been imposed under this chapter, may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $10,000 for each such violation. Each offense shall be a separate violation. The amount of such civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary by written order, taking into account the gravity of the violation, degree of culpability, and history of prior offenses; and may be reviewed only as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

(b) Judicial review

The determination and order of the Secretary with respect thereto imposing a civil penalty under this section shall be final and conclusive unless the person against whom such an order is issued files application for judicial review within sixty days after entry of such order in the appropriate United States court of appeals in accordance with the provisions of sections 2341, 2343 through 2350 of title 28, and such court shall have jurisdiction to enjoin, set aside, suspend (in whole or in part), or to determine the validity of the Secretary's order. Judicial review of any such order shall be upon the record upon which the determination and order are based.

(c) Collection action by Attorney General

If any person fails to pay a civil penalty under a final order of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General, who shall institute a civil action to recover the amount assessed in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such collection action, the validity and appropriateness of the Secretary's order imposing the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

(d) Payment into United States Treasury

All penalties collected under authority of this section shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States.

(e) Compromise, modification, or remittance

The Secretary may, in his discretion, compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty assessed under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 96–468, §6, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2231.)
7 U.S.C. § 7808 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 105: HASS AVOCADO PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7808: Investigations and power to subpoena
Investigations and power to subpoena
Status: in_force

(a) Investigations

The Secretary may conduct such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration of this chapter, or to determine whether any person has engaged or is engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this chapter or any order or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b) Subpoenas, oaths, and affirmations

(1) Investigations

For the purpose of conducting an investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of the records may be required from any place in the United States.

(2) Administrative hearings

For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 7806(a)(2) or 7807(c)(3) of this title, the presiding officer may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and the production of the records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c) Aid of courts

(1) In general

In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b) to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or proceeding is conducted, or where the person resides or conducts business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued under subsection (b).

(2) Order

The court may issue an order requiring the person referred to in paragraph (1) to comply with a subpoena referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) Failure to obey

Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt of court.

(4) Process

Process in any proceeding under this subsection may be served in the United States judicial district in which the person being proceeded against resides or conducts business, or wherever the person may be found.

(Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title XII, §1209], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–95.)
7 U.S.C. § 1282 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Section 1282: Declaration of policy
Declaration of policy
Status: in_force

It is declared to be the policy of Congress to continue the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended [16 U.S.C. 590a et seq.], for the purpose of conserving national resources, preventing the wasteful use of soil fertility, and of preserving, maintaining, and rebuilding the farm and ranch land resources in the national public interest; to accomplish these purposes through the encouragement of soil-building and soil-conserving crops and practices; to assist in the marketing of agricultural commodities for domestic consumption and for export; and to regulate interstate and foreign commerce in cotton, wheat, corn, and rice to the extent necessary to provide an orderly, adequate, and balanced flow of such commodities in interstate and foreign commerce through storage of reserve supplies, loans, marketing quotas, assisting farmers to obtain insofar as practicable, parity prices for such commodities and parity of income, and assisting consumers to obtain an adequate and steady supply of such commodities at fair prices.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, §2, 52 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(e), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, as amended, referred to in text, is act Apr. 27, 1935, ch. 85, 49 Stat. 163, which is classified generally to chapter 3B (§590a et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 590q of Title 16 and Tables.

Amendments

2004—Pub. L. 108–357 struck out "tobacco," after "corn,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Amendment by sections 611 to 614 of Pub. L. 108–357 not to affect the liability of any person under any provision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

Congressional Declaration of Policy Under Agricultural Act of 1961

Pub. L. 87–128, §2, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 294, provided that: "In order more fully and effectively to improve, maintain, and protect the prices and incomes of farmers, to enlarge rural purchasing power, to achieve a better balance between supplies of agricultural commodities and the requirements of consumers therefor, to preserve and strengthen the structure of agriculture, and to revitalize and stabilize the overall economy at reasonable costs to the Government, it is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress to—

"(a) afford farmers the opportunity to achieve parity of income with other economic groups by providing them with the means to develop and strengthen their bargaining power in the Nation's economy;

"(b) encourage a commodity-by-commodity approach in the solution of farm problems and provide the means for meeting varied and changing conditions peculiar to each commodity;

"(c) expand foreign trade in agricultural commodities with friendly nations, as defined in section 107 of Public Law 480, 83d Congress, as amended (7 U.S.C. 1707), and in no manner either subsidize the export, sell, or make available any subsidized agricultural commodity to any nations other than such friendly nations and thus make full use of our agricultural abundance;

"(d) utilize more effectively our agricultural productive capacity to improve the diets of the Nation's needy persons;

"(e) recognize the importance of the family farm as an efficient unit of production and as an economic base for towns and cities in rural areas and encourage, promote, and strengthen this form of farm enterprise;

"(f) facilitate and improve credit services to farmers by revising, expanding, and clarifying the laws relating to agricultural credit;

"(g) assure consumers of a continuous, adequate, and stable supply of food and fiber at fair and reasonable prices;

"(h) reduce the cost of farm programs, by preventing the accumulation of surpluses; and

"(i) use surplus farm commodities on hand as fully as practicable as an incentive to reduce production as may be necessary to bring supplies on hand and firm demand in balance."

Congressional Declaration of Policy for Year 1949

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §1(d), 62 Stat. 1248, provided that: "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress that the lending and purchase operations of the Department of Agriculture (other than those referred to in subsections (a), (b), and (c) hereof [subsections (a) and (b) are set out as notes under this section and subsection (c) is set out as a note under section 713a–8 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade]) shall be carried out until January 1, 1950, so as to bring the price and income of the producers of other agricultural commodities not covered by subsections (a), (b), and (c) to a fair parity relationship with the commodities included under subsections (a), (b), and (c), to the extent that funds for such operations are available after taking into account the operations with respect to the commodities covered by subsections (a), (b), and (c). In carrying out the provisions of this subsection the Secretary of Agriculture shall have the authority to require compliance with production goals and marketing regulations as a condition to eligibility of producers for price support."

Study of Parity Income Position of Farmers; Report to Congress by June 30, 1966

Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §705, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210, directed the Secretary of Agriculture to make a study of the parity income position of farmers, and report the results of such study to the Congress not later than June 30, 1966.

Price Stabilization During Year 1950

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §1(a), (b), 62 Stat. 1247, 1248, as amended June 10, 1949, ch. 191, 63 Stat. 169, authorized the Secretary of Agriculture through any instrumentality or agency within or under the direction of the Department of Agriculture, by loans, purchases, or other operations to support prices received by producers of cotton, wheat, corn, tobacco, rice, and peanuts marketed before June 30, 1950 (Sept. 30, 1950, in the case of Maryland and the cigar-leaf types of tobacco), if producers had not disapproved marketing quotas for such commodity for the marketing year beginning in the calendar year in which the crop is harvested.

Act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title I, §2, 62 Stat. 1248, authorized the Secretary, from any funds available to the Department of Agriculture or any agency operating under its direction for price support operations or for the disposal of agricultural commodities, to use such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of section 1 of the Act (enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and amending provisions set out as a note under section 713a–8 of this title).

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of Agricultural Adjustment Administration transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100. See note set out under section 610 of this title.

Soil Conservation Service and Agricultural Adjustment Administration consolidated with other agencies into Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration for duration of war, see Ex. Ord. No. 9069, Feb. 23, 1942, 7 F.R. 1409.

Functions of Soil Conservation Service in Department of Agriculture with respect to soil and moisture conservation operations conducted on lands under jurisdiction of Department of the Interior transferred to Department of the Interior, to be administered under direction and supervision of Secretary of the Interior through such agency or agencies in Department of the Interior as Secretary shall designate, by 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, §6, eff. June 30, 1940, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, also, sections 13 to 15 of said plan for provisions relating to transfer of functions of department heads, records, property, personnel, and funds.
7 U.S.C. § 7715 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 104: PLANT PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT PROTECTION / Section 7715: Declaration of extraordinary emergency and resulting authorities
Declaration of extraordinary emergency and resulting authorities
Status: in_force

(a) Authority to declare

If the Secretary determines that an extraordinary emergency exists because of the presence of a plant pest or noxious weed that is new to or not known to be widely prevalent in or distributed within and throughout the United States and that the presence of the plant pest or noxious weed threatens plants or plant products of the United States, the Secretary may—

(1) hold, seize, quarantine, treat, apply other remedial measures to, destroy, or otherwise dispose of, any plant, biological control organism, plant product, article, or means of conveyance that the Secretary has reason to believe is infested with the plant pest or noxious weed;

(2) quarantine, treat, or apply other remedial measures to any premises, including any plants, biological control organisms, plant products, articles, or means of conveyance on the premises, that the Secretary has reason to believe is infested with the plant pest or noxious weed;

(3) quarantine any State or portion of a State in which the Secretary finds the plant pest or noxious weed or any plant, biological control organism, plant product, article, or means of conveyance that the Secretary has reason to believe is infested with the plant pest or noxious weed; and

(4) prohibit or restrict the movement within a State of any plant, biological control organism, plant product, article, or means of conveyance when the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary to prevent the dissemination of the plant pest or noxious weed or to eradicate the plant pest or noxious weed.

(b) Required finding of emergency

The Secretary may take action under this section only upon finding, after review and consultation with the Governor or other appropriate official of the State affected, that the measures being taken by the State are inadequate to eradicate the plant pest or noxious weed.

(c) Notification procedures

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), before any action is taken in any State under this section, the Secretary shall notify the Governor or other appropriate official of the State affected, issue a public announcement, and file for publication in the Federal Register a statement of—

(A) the Secretary's findings;

(B) the action the Secretary intends to take;

(C) the reasons for the intended action; and

(D) where practicable, an estimate of the anticipated duration of the extraordinary emergency.

(2) Time sensitive actions

If it is not possible to file for publication in the Federal Register prior to taking action, the filing shall be made within a reasonable time, not to exceed 10 business days, after commencement of the action.

(d) Application of least drastic action

No plant, biological control organism, plant product, plant pest, noxious weed, article, or means of conveyance shall be destroyed, exported, or returned to the shipping point of origin, or ordered to be destroyed, exported, or returned to the shipping point of origin under this section unless, in the opinion of the Secretary, there is no less drastic action that is feasible and that would be adequate to prevent the dissemination of any plant pest or noxious weed new to or not known to be widely prevalent or distributed within and throughout the United States.

(e) Payment of compensation

The Secretary may pay compensation to any person for economic losses incurred by the person as a result of action taken by the Secretary under this section. The determination by the Secretary of the amount of any compensation to be paid under this subsection shall be final and shall not be subject to judicial review or a review by any officer or employee of the Federal Government other than the Secretary or the designee of the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, §415, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7504(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 110–234, title X, §10203(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1342; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title X, §10203(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2104.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–246, §10203(a), struck out "of longer than 60 days" after "or a review".

2002—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171 inserted before period at end "or a review of longer than 60 days by any officer or employee of the Federal Government other than the Secretary or the designee of the Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 6301 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 92: SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6301: Findings and declaration of policy
Findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) soybeans are an important source of nutritious foods that are a valuable part of the human diet and are an important feedstuff for the livestock industry;

(2) the production of soybeans plays a significant role in the economy of the United States in that soybeans are produced by thousands of soybean producers, processed by numerous processing entities, and soybeans and soybean products produced in the United States are consumed by people and livestock throughout the United States and foreign countries;

(3) soybeans and soybean products should be readily available and marketed efficiently to ensure that consumers have an adequate supply of soybean products at a reasonable price;

(4) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets and development of new markets for soybeans and soybean products are vital to the welfare of soybean producers and processors and those concerned with marketing soybeans and soybean products, as well as to the general economy of the United States, and are necessary to ensure the ready availability and efficient marketing of soybeans and soybean products;

(5) there exist established State and national organizations conducting soybean promotion, research, and consumer education programs that are valuable to the efforts of promoting the consumption of soybeans and soybean products;

(6) the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated national program of soybean promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information are necessary to maintain and expand existing markets and develop new markets for soybeans and soybean products; and

(7) soybeans and soybean products move in interstate and foreign commerce, and soybeans and soybean products that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce in soybeans and soybean products.

(b) Policy

Congress declares that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing through assessments on domestically-produced soybeans, and implementing a program of promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information designed to strengthen the soybean industry's position in the marketplace, to maintain and expand existing domestic and foreign markets and uses for soybeans and soybean products, and to develop new markets and uses for soybeans and soybean products.

(c) Construction

Nothing in this chapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of individual producers to produce soybeans.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1966, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3881.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1965, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3881, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle E (§§1965–1976) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Soybean Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act'."
7 U.S.C. § 4603 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 77: HONEY RESEARCH, PROMOTION, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4603: Honey research, promotion, and consumer information order
Honey research, promotion, and consumer information order
Status: in_force

To effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, the Secretary shall, subject to the provisions of this chapter, issue and, from time to time, amend orders and regulations applicable to persons engaged in the production, sale, or handling of honey and honey products in the United States and the importation of honey and honey products into the United States.

(Pub. L. 98–590, §4, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3116; Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §605(c), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 589.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–185 inserted "and regulations" after "orders".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Conforming Amendment to Order

Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1987, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3908, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of the Honey Research, Promotion, and Consumer Information Act (7 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.), the Secretary of Agriculture, after notice and opportunity for public comment, shall issue an amendment to the order in effect under such Act on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990] to conform such order to the amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle F (§§1981–1989) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting section 4610a of this title and amending sections 1787, 4602, 4606, 4608, and 4612 of this title], which shall become effective on the date of the publication of such amendment to the order in the Federal Register without a referendum thereon (except for the referendum specifically provided for under section 1985 [amending section 4612 of this title]). The Secretary shall issue such amendment to the order in final form not later than 150 days after the date of the enactment of this Act."
7 U.S.C. § 1444 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter II: BASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1444: Cotton price support levels
Cotton price support levels
Status: in_force

(a) Basic support levels for 1961 and subsequent years

Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1441 of this title, price support to cooperators for each crop of upland cotton, beginning with the 1961 crop, for which producers have not disapproved marketing quotas shall be at such level not more than 90 per centum of the parity price therefor nor less than the minimum level prescribed below as the Secretary determines appropriate after consideration of the factors specified in section 1421(b) of this title. For the 1961 crop the minimum level shall be 70 per centum of the parity price therefor, and for each subsequent crop the minimum level shall be 65 per centum of the parity price therefor: Provided, That the price support for the 1965 crop shall be a national average support price which reflects 30 cents per pound for Middling one-inch cotton. Price support in the case of noncooperators and in case marketing quotas are disapproved shall be as provided in section 1441(d)(3) and (5) 1 of this title.

(b) Additional support levels for 1964 and 1965

If producers have not disapproved marketing quotas, the Secretary shall provide additional price support on the 1964 and 1965 crops of upland cotton to cooperators on whose farms the acreage planted to upland cotton for harvest does not exceed the farm domestic allotment established under section 1350 of this title. Such additional support shall be at a level up to 15 per centum in excess of the basic level of support established under subsection (a) and shall be provided on the normal yield of the acreage planted for harvest within the farm domestic allotment. For purposes of this subsection, an acreage on the farm which the Secretary finds was not planted to cotton in 1965 because of flood, drought, or other natural disaster shall be deemed by the Secretary to be an actual acreage of cotton planted on the farm for harvest, provided such acreage is not subsequently devoted to any price supported crop for 1965.

(c) Alternative operations for carrying out additional price support; payment-in-kind certificates: value, marketing assistance, redemption, and deductions after thirty day period

In order to keep upland cotton to the maximum extent practicable in the normal channels of trade, any additional price support under subsection (b) of this section may be carried out through the simultaneous purchase of cotton at the support price therefor under subsection (b) and the sale of such cotton at the support price therefor under subsection (a) or similar operations, including loans under which the cotton would be redeemable by payment of the amount for which the cotton would be redeemable if the loan thereon had been made at the support price for such cotton under subsection (a), or payments-in-kind through the issuance of certificates which the Commodity Credit Corporation shall redeem for cotton under regulations issued by the Secretary. If such additional support is provided through the issuance of payment-in-kind certificates, such certificates shall have a value per pound of cotton equal to the difference between the level of support established under subsection (a) and the level of support established under subsection (b). The corporation may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, assist the producers and persons receiving payment-in-kind certificates under this section and section 1348 of this title, in the marketing of such certificates at such time and in such manner as the Secretary determines will best effectuate the purposes of the program authorized by this section and such section 1348. In the case of any certificate not presented for redemption within thirty days of the date of its issuance, reasonable costs of storage and other carrying charges as determined by the Secretary for the period beginning thirty days after its issuance and ending with the date of its presentation for redemption shall be deducted from the value of the certificate.

(d) Price support and diversion payments for 1966 through 1970 crops

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, if producers have not disapproved marketing quotas, price support and diversion payments shall be made available for the 1966 through 1970 crops of upland cotton as provided in this subsection.

(2) Price support for each such crop of upland cotton shall be made available to cooperators through loans at such level, not exceeding a level which will reflect for Middling one-inch upland cotton at average location in the United States 90 per centum of the estimated average world market price for Middling one-inch upland cotton for the marketing year for such crop, as the Secretary determines will provide orderly marketing of cotton during the harvest season and will retain an adequate share of the world market for cotton produced in the United States taking into consideration the factors specified in section 1421(b) of this title: Provided, That the national average loan rate for the 1966 crop shall reflect 21 cents per pound for Middling one-inch upland cotton.

(3) The Secretary also shall provide additional price support for each such crop through payments in cash or in kind to cooperators at a rate not less than 9 cents per pound: Provided, That the rate shall be such that the amount obtained by—

(i) multiplying the rate by the farm domestic acreage allotment percentage, and

(ii) dividing the product thus obtained by the cooperator percentage established under section 1428(b) of this title, and

(iii) adding the result thus obtained to the national average loan rate

shall not be less than 65 per centum or more than 90 per centum of the parity price for cotton as of the month in which the payment rate provided for by this paragraph is announced. Such payments shall be made on the quantity of cotton determined by multiplying the projected farm yield by the acreage planted to cotton within the farm domestic acreage allotment: Provided, That any such farm planting not less than 90 per centum of such domestic acreage allotment shall be deemed to have planted the entire amount of such allotment. An acreage on a farm in any such year which the Secretary finds was not planted to cotton because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster shall be deemed to be planted to cotton for purposes of payments under this subsection if such acreage is not subsequently devoted to any other crop for which there are marketing quotas or voluntary adjustment programs in effect.

(4) The Secretary shall make diversion payments in cash or in kind in addition to the price support payments authorized in paragraph (3) to cooperators who reduce their cotton acreage by diverting a portion of their cotton acreage allotment from the production of cotton to approved conservation practices to the extent prescribed by the Secretary: Provided, That no reduction below the domestic acreage allotments established under section 1350 of this title shall be prescribed: Provided further, That payment under this paragraph shall be made available for diverting to conserving uses that part of the acreage allotment which must be diverted from cotton in order that the producer may qualify as a cooperator. The rate of payment for acreage required to be diverted in order to qualify as a cooperator shall not be less than 25 per centum of the parity price for upland cotton as of the month in which such rate is announced. The rate of payment for additional acreage diverted shall be such rate as the Secretary determines to be fair and reasonable, but shall not exceed 40 per centum of such parity price. Payment at each applicable rate shall be made on the quantity of cotton determined by multiplying the acreage diverted from the production of cotton at such rate by the projected farm yield. In addition to the foregoing payment, if any, payment at the rate applicable for acreage required to be diverted to qualify as a cooperator shall be made to producers on small farms as defined in section 1428(b) of this title who do not exceed their farm acreage allotments on a quantity of cotton determined by multiplying an acreage equal to 35 per centum of such farm acreage allotment by the projected farm yield.

(5) The Secretary may make not to exceed 50 per centum of the payments under this subsection to producers in advance of determination of performance and the balance of such payments shall be made at such time as the Secretary may prescribe.

(6) Where the farm operator elects to participate in the diversion program authorized in this subsection and no acreage is planted to cotton on the farm, diversion payments shall be made at the rate established under paragraph (4) for acreage required to be diverted to qualify as a cooperator on the quantity of cotton determined by multiplying that part of the farm acreage allotment required to be diverted to qualify as a cooperator by the projected farm yield, and the remainder of such allotment may be released under the provisions of section 1344(m)(2) of this title. The acreage on which payment is made under this paragraph shall be regarded as planted to cotton for purposes of establishing future State, county, and farm acreage allotments, and farm bases.

(7) Payments in kind under this subsection shall be made through the issuance of certificates which the Commodity Credit Corporation shall redeem for cotton under regulations issued by the Secretary at a value per pound equal to not less than the current loan rate therefor. The Corporation may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, assist the producers in the marketing of such certificates at such times and in such manner as the Secretary determines will best effectuate the purposes of the program authorized by this subsection.

(8) Payments under this subsection shall be conditioned on the farm having an acreage of approved conservation uses equal to the sum of (i) the reduction in cotton acreage required to qualify for such payments (hereinafter called "diverted acreage"), and (ii) the average acreage of cropland on the farm devoted to designated soil-conserving crops or practices, including summer fallow and idle land, during a base period prescribed by the Secretary: Provided, That the Secretary may permit all or any part of such diverted acreage to be devoted to the production of guar, sesame, safflower, sunflower, castor beans, mustard seed, crambe, plantago ovato, and flaxseed, if he determines that such production is necessary to provide an adequate supply of such commodities, is not likely to increase the cost of the price support program, and will not adversely affect farm income, subject to the condition that payment under paragraph (4) or (6) with respect to diverted acreage devoted to any such crop shall be at a rate determined by the Secretary to be fair and reasonable, taking into consideration the use of such acreage for the production of such crops, but in no event shall the payment exceed one-half the rate which otherwise would be applicable if such acreage were devoted to conservation uses.

(9) The acreage regarded as planted to cotton on any farm which qualifies for payment under this subsection except under paragraph (6) shall, for purposes of establishing future State, county, and farm acreage allotments and farm bases, be the farm acreage allotment established under section 1344 of this title, excluding adjustments under subsection (m)(2) thereof.

(10) The Secretary shall provide adequate safeguards to protect the interests of tenants and sharecroppers, including provision for sharing diversion payments on a fair and equitable basis under this subsection. The Secretary shall provide for the sharing of price support payments among producers on the farm on the basis of their respective shares in the cotton crop produced on the farm, or the proceeds therefrom, except that in any case in which the Secretary determines that such basis would not be fair and equitable, the Secretary shall provide for such sharing on such other basis as he may determine to be fair and equitable.

(11) In any case in which the failure of a producer to comply fully with the terms and conditions of the programs formulated under this Act preclude the making of payments under this section, the Secretary may, nevertheless, make such payments in such amounts as he determines to be equitable in relation to the seriousness of the default.

(12) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, if, as a result of limitations hereafter enacted with respect to price support under this subsection, the Secretary is unable to make available to all cooperators the full amount of price support to which they would otherwise be entitled under paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection for any crop of upland cotton, (A) price support to cooperators shall be made available for such crop (if marketing quotas have not been disapproved) through loans or purchases at such level not less than 65 per centum nor more than 90 per centum of the parity price therefor as the Secretary determines appropriate; (B) in order to keep upland cotton to the maximum extent practicable in the normal channels of trade, such price support may be carried out through the simultaneous purchase of cotton at the support price therefor and resale at a lower price or through loans under which the cotton would be redeemable by payment of a price therefor lower than the amount of the loan thereon; and (C) such resale or redemption price shall be such as the Secretary determines will provide orderly marketing of cotton during the harvest season and will retain an adequate share of the world market for cotton produced in the United States.

(13) The provisions of section 590h(g) of title 16 (relating to assignment of payments), shall also apply to payments under this subsection.

(14) The Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to utilize its capital funds and other assets for the purpose of making the payments authorized in this subsection and to pay administrative expenses necessary in carrying out this subsection.

(e) Price support, diversion, and cropland set-aside program for crops beginning with 1971 crop

(1) The Secretary shall upon presentation of warehouse receipts reflecting accrued storage charges of not more than 60 days make available for the 1971 through 1977 crops of upland cotton to cooperators nonrecourse loans for a term of ten months from the first day of the month in which the loan is made at such level as will reflect the Middling one-inch upland cotton (micronaire 3.5 through 4.9) at average location in the United States 90 per centum of the average price of American cotton in world markets for such cotton for the three-year period ending July 31 in the year in which the loan level is announced, except that if the loan rate so calculated is higher than the then current level of average world prices for American cotton of such quality, the Secretary is authorized to adjust the current calculated loan rate for cotton to 90 per centum of the then current average world price. The average world price for such cotton for such preceding three-year period shall be determined by the Secretary annually pursuant to a published regulation which shall specify the procedures and the factors to be used by the Secretary in making the world price determination. The loan level for any crop of upland cotton shall be determined and announced not later than November 1 of the calendar year preceding the marketing year for which such loan is to be effective. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the carryover of upland cotton as of the beginning of the marketing year for any of the 1972 or 1973 crops exceeds 7.2 million bales, producers on any farm harvesting cotton of such crop from an acreage in excess of the base acreage allotment for such farm shall be entitled to loans and purchases only on an amount of the cotton of such crop produced on such farm determined by multiplying the yield used in computing payments for such farm by the base acreage allotment for such farm.

(2) Payments shall be made for each crop of cotton to the producers on each farm at a rate equal to the amount by which the higher of—

(1) the average market price received by farmers for upland cotton during the calendar year which includes the first five months of the marketing year for such crop, as determined by the Secretary, or

(2) the loan level determined under paragraph (1) for such crop

is less than the established price of 38 cents per pound in the case of the 1974 and 1975 crops, 38 cents per pound adjusted to reflect any change during the calendar year 1975 in the index of prices paid by farmers for production items, interest, taxes, and wage rates in the case of the 1976 crop, and the established price for the 1976 crop adjusted to reflect any change during the calendar year 1976 in such index in the case of the 1977 crop: Provided, That any increase that would otherwise be made in the established price to reflect a change in the index of prices paid by farmers shall be adjusted to reflect any change in (i) the national average yield per acre of cotton for the three calendar years preceding the year for which the determination is made, over (ii) the national average yield per acre of cotton for the three calendar years preceding the year previous to the one for which the determination is made. If the Secretary determines that the producers on a farm are prevented from planting any portion of the allotment to cotton because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or condition beyond the control of the producer, the rate of payment for such portion shall be the larger of (A) the foregoing rate, or (B) one-third of the established price. If the Secretary determines that, because of such a disaster or condition, the total quantity of cotton which the producers are able to harvest on any farm is less than 662/3 percent of the farm base acreage allotment times the average yield established for the farm, the rate of payment for the deficiency in production below 100 percent shall be the larger of (A) the foregoing rate, or (B) one-third of the established price. The payment rate with respect to any producer who (i) is on a small farm (that is, a farm on which the base acreage allotment is ten acres or less, or on which the yield used in making payments times the farm base acreage allotment is five thousand pounds or less, and for which the base acreage allotment has not been reduced under section 1350(f) of this title, (ii) resides on such farm, and (iii) derives his principal income from cotton produced on such farm, shall be increased by 30 per centum; but, notwithstanding paragraph (3), such increase shall be made only with respect to his share of cotton actually harvested on such farm within the quantity specified in paragraph (3).

(3) Such payments shall be made available for a farm on the quantity of upland cotton determined by multiplying the acreage planted within the farm base acreage allotment for the farm for the crop by the average yield established for the farm: Provided, That payments shall be made on any farm planting not less than 90 per centum of the farm base acreage allotment on the basis of the entire amount of such allotment. For purposes of this paragraph, an acreage on the farm which the Secretary determines was not planted to cotton because of drought, flood, other natural disaster, or a condition beyond the control of the producer shall be considered to be an acreage planted to cotton. The average yield for the farm for any year shall be determined on the basis of the actual yields per harvested acre for the three preceding years, except that the 1970 farm projected yield shall be substituted in lieu of the actual yields for the years 1968 and 1969: Provided, That the actual yields shall be adjusted by the Secretary for abnormal yields in any year caused by drought, flood, or other natural disaster: Provided further, That the average yield established for the farm for any year shall not be less than the yield used in making payments for the preceding year if the total cotton production on the farm in such preceding year is not less than the yield used in making payments for the farm for such preceding year times the farm base acreage allotment for such preceding year (for the 1970 crop, the farm domestic allotment).

(4)(A) The Secretary shall provide for a set aside of cropland if he determines that the total supply of agricultural commodities will, in the absence of such a set-aside, likely be excessive taking into account the need for an adequate carryover to maintain reasonable and stable supplies and prices and to meet a national emergency. If a set-aside of cropland is in effect under this paragraph (4), then as a condition of eligibility for loans and payments on upland cotton the producers on a farm must set aside and devote to approved conservation uses an acreage of cropland equal to (i) such percentage of the farm base acreage allotment for the farm as may be specified by the Secretary (not to exceed 28 per centum of the farm base acreage allotment), plus, if required by the Secretary, (ii) the acreage of cropland on the farm devoted in preceding years to soil conserving uses, as determined by the Secretary. The Secretary is authorized for the 1974 through 1977 crops to limit the acreage planted to upland cotton on the farm in excess of the farm base acreage allotment to a percentage of the farm base acreage allotment. The Secretary shall permit producers to plant and graze on set-aside acreage sweet sorghum, and the Secretary may permit, subject to such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, all or any of the set-aside acreage to be devoted to hay and grazing or the production of guar, sesame, safflower, sunflower, castor beans, mustard seed, crambe, plantago ovato, flaxseed, triticale, oats, rye, or other commodity, if he determines that such production is needed to provide an adequate supply, is not likely to increase the cost of the price-support program, and will not adversely affect farm income.

(B) To assist in adjusting the acreage of commodities to desirable goals, the Secretary may make land diversion payments, in addition to the payments authorized in subsection (e)(2), to producers on a farm who, to the extent prescribed by the Secretary, devote to approved conservation uses an acreage of cropland on the farm in addition to that required to be so devoted under subsection (e)(4)(A). The land diversion payments for a farm shall be at such rate or rates as the Secretary determines to be fair and reasonable taking into consideration to the diversion undertaken by the producers and the productivity of the acreage diverted. The Secretary shall limit the total acreage to be diverted under agreements in any county or local community so as not to adversely affect the economy of the county or local community.

(5) The upland cotton program formulated under this section shall require the producer to take such measures as the Secretary may deem appropriate to protect the set-aside acreage and the additional diverted acreage from erosion, insects, weeds, and rodents. Such acreage may be devoted to wildlife food plots or wildlife habitat in conformity with standards established by the Secretary in consultation with wildlife agencies. The Secretary may in the case of programs for the 1974 through 1977 crops, pay an appropriate share of the cost of practices designed to carry out the purposes of the foregoing sentences. The Secretary may provide for an additional payment on such acreage in an amount determined by the Secretary to be appropriate in relation to the benefit to the general public if the producer agrees to permit, without other compensation, access to all or such portion of the farm as the Secretary may prescribe by the general public, for hunting, trapping, fishing, and hiking, subject to applicable State and Federal regulations.

(6) If the operator of the farm desires to participate in the program formulated under this section, he shall file his agreement to do so no later than such date as the Secretary may prescribe. Loans and purchases on upland cotton and payments under this section shall be made available to the producers on such farm only if producers set aside and devote to approved soil conserving uses an acreage on the farm equal to the number of acres which the operator agrees to set aside and devote to approved soil conserving uses, and the agreement shall so provide. The Secretary may, by mutual agreement with the producer, terminate or modify any such agreement entered into pursuant to this subsection (e)(6) if he determines such action necessary because of an emergency created by drought or other disaster or in order to alleviate a shortage in the supply of agricultural commodities.

(7) The Secretary shall provide adequate safeguards to protect the interests of tenants and sharecroppers, including provision for sharing on a fair and equitable basis, in payments under this section.

(8) In any case in which the failure of a producer to comply fully with the terms and conditions of the program formulated under this section precludes the making of loans, purchases, and payments, the Secretary may, nevertheless, make such loans, purchases, and payments in such amounts as he determines to be equitable in relation to the seriousness of the default.

(9) The Secretary is authorized to issue such regulations as he determines necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(10) The Secretary shall carry out the program authorized by this section through the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(11) The provisions of section 590h(g) of title 16 (relating to assignment of payments), shall apply to payments under this subsection.

(f), (g) Omitted

(h) Program for extra long staple cotton beginning with 1984 crop

(1) For purposes of this subsection, extra long staple cotton means cotton which is produced from pure strain varieties of the Barbadense species or any hybrid thereof, or other similar types of extra long staple cotton, designated by the Secretary, having characteristics needed for various end uses for which American upland cotton is not suitable and grown in irrigated cotton-growing regions of the United States designated by the Secretary or other areas designated by the Secretary as suitable for the production of such varieties or types and which is ginned on a roller-type gin or, if authorized by the Secretary, ginned on another type gin for experimental purposes.

(2) The Secretary shall, upon presentation of warehouse receipts reflecting accrued storage charges of not more than sixty days, make available to producers nonrecourse loans for a term of ten months from the first day of the month in which the loan is made at a level which is not less than 85 percent of the simple average price received by producers of extra long staple cotton, as determined by the Secretary, during 3 years of the 5-year period ending July 31 in the year in which the loan level is announced, excluding the year in which the average price was the highest and the year in which the average price was the lowest in such period..2 If authorized by the Secretary, nonrecourse loans provided for in this subsection may, upon request of the producer during the tenth month of the loan period for the cotton, be made available for an additional term of eight months. The loan level for any crop of extra long staple cotton shall be determined and announced by the Secretary not later than December 1 of the calendar year preceding the marketing year for which such loan is to be effective and such level shall not thereafter be changed.

(3)(A) In addition, payments shall be made for each crop of extra long staple cotton to producers on each farm at a rate equal to the amount by which the higher of—

(i) the average market price received by farmers for extra long staple cotton during the first eight months of the marketing year for such crop, as determined by the Secretary, or

(ii) the loan level determined under paragraph (2) of this subsection for such crop,

is less than the established price per pound times, in each case, the farm program acreage for extra long staple cotton (determined in accordance with paragraph (5)(A), but in no event on a greater acreage than the acreage actually planted to extra long staple cotton for harvest), multiplied by the farm program payment yield for extra long staple cotton (determined in accordance with paragraph (4)).

(B) The established price for each crop of extra long staple cotton shall be 120 per centum of the loan level determined for such crop under paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(C) If the Secretary establishes an acreage limitation program for a crop of extra long staple cotton in accordance with paragraph (5)(A) and determines that deficiency payments will likely be made for such crop of extra long staple cotton under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Secretary may make available advance deficiency payments for such crop to producers who agree to participate in the acreage limitation program. Such advance payments shall be made available to producers as soon as practicable after the producer files a notice of intention to participate in such acreage limitation program and in such amount as the Secretary determines appropriate to encourage adequate participation in such program, except that such amount shall not exceed an amount determined by multiplying (i) the estimated farm program acreage for the crop, by (ii) the farm program payment yield for the crop, by (iii) 50 per centum of the projected payment rate, as determined by the Secretary. In any case in which the deficiency payment payable to a producer for a crop, as finally determined by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, is less than the amount paid to the producer as an advance deficiency payment under this paragraph, the producer shall refund an amount equal to the difference between the amount advanced and the amount finally determined by the Secretary to be payable to the producer. If the Secretary determines that no deficiency payments are due producers on a crop, the producer who received advanced payments on such crop shall refund such payments. If a producer fails to comply with the requirements under the acreage limitation program after obtaining an advance deficiency payment under this paragraph, the producer shall immediately repay the amount of the advance, plus interest thereon in such amount as the Secretary shall prescribe.

(4) The farm program payment yield for each crop of extra long staple cotton shall be determined on the basis of the actual yields per harvested acre on the farm for the preceding three years, except that the actual yields shall be adjusted by the Secretary for abnormal yields in any year caused by drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers. In case farm yield data for one or more years are unavailable or there was no production, the Secretary shall provide for appraisals to be made on the basis of actual yields and program payment yields for similar farms in the area for which data are available. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph in the determination of yields, the Secretary shall take into account the actual yields proved by the producer, and neither such yields nor the farm program payment yield established on the basis of such yields shall be reduced under other provisions of this paragraph. If the Secretary determines it necessary, the Secretary may establish national, State, or county program payment yields on the basis of historical yields, as adjusted by the Secretary to correct for abnormal factors affecting such yields in the historical period, or, if such data are not available, on the Secretary's estimate of actual yields for the crop year involved. If national, State, or county program payment yields are established, the farm program payment yields shall balance to the national, State, or county program payment yields.

(5)(A)(i) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the Secretary may establish a limitation on the acreage planted to extra long staple cotton if the Secretary determines that the total supply of extra long staple cotton, in the absence of such limitation, will be excessive taking into account the need for an adequate carryover to maintain reasonable and stable prices and to meet a national emergency. Such limitation shall be achieved by applying a uniform percentage reduction (including a zero percentage reduction) to the acreage base for each extra long staple cotton-producing farm. Producers who knowingly produce extra long staple cotton in excess of the permitted acreage for the farm shall be ineligible for extra long staple cotton loans and payments with respect to that farm. The acreage base for any farm for the purpose of determining any reduction required to be made for any year as a result of a limitation under this subparagraph shall be the average acreage planted on the farm to extra long staple cotton for harvest in the three crop years immediately preceding the year prior to the year for which the determination is made. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, acreage planted to extra long staple cotton for harvest shall include any acreage which the producers were prevented from planting to extra long staple cotton or other nonconserving crops in lieu of extra long staple cotton because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster or other condition beyond the control of the producers. The Secretary may make adjustments to reflect established crop-rotation practices and to reflect such other factors as the Secretary determines should be considered in determining a fair and equitable base. There is hereby established for the 1984, 1985, and 1986 crops an acreage base reserve equal to 5 per centum of the total of the farm acreage bases established for the crop under the foregoing provisions of this subparagraph. Such reserve shall be in addition to the total of the farm acreage bases and shall be used by the county committees, in accordance with regulations of the Secretary, for making adjustments of farm acreage bases to correct inequities and prevent hardship, and for establishing bases for farms on which no extra long staple cotton was planted during the preceding four years. A number of acres on the farm determined by dividing (i) the product obtained by multiplying the number of acres required to be withdrawn from the production of extra long staple cotton times the number of acres actually planted to such commodity, by (ii) the number of acres authorized to be planted to such commodity under the limitation established by the Secretary, shall be devoted to conservation uses, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, which will assure protection of such acreage from weeds and wind and water erosion. The number of acres so determined is hereafter in this subsection referred to as "reduced acreage". The Secretary may permit, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, all or any part of the reduced acreage to be devoted to sweet sorghum, hay and grazing, or the production of guar, sesame, safflower, sunflower, castor beans, mustard seed, crambe, plantago ovato, flaxseed, triticale, rye, or other commodity, if the Secretary determines that such production is needed to provide an adequate supply of such commodities, is not likely to increase the cost of the price support program, and will not affect farm income adversely. The individual farm program acreage shall be the actual acreage planted on the farm to extra long staple cotton for harvest within the permitted extra long staple cotton acreage for the farm as established under this paragraph.

(ii) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the Secretary shall ensure, under such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Secretary, that the total of the crop acreage bases established on a farm which is enrolled in a production adjustment program for any commodity shall not be increased as a result of the application of the provisions set forth in paragraph (13)(C), as extended for the 1989 and 1990 crop.

(B) The Secretary may make land diversion payments to producers of extra long staple cotton, whether or not an acreage limitation program for extra long staple cotton is in effect, if the Secretary determines that such land diversion payments are necessary to assist in adjusting the total national acreage of extra long staple cotton to desirable goals. Such land diversion payments shall be made to producers who, to the extent prescribed by the Secretary, devote to approved conservation uses an acreage of cropland on the farm in accordance with land diversion contracts entered into by the Secretary with such producers. The amounts payable to producers under land diversion contracts may be determined through the submission of bids for such contracts by producers in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe or through such other means as the Secretary determines appropriate. In determining the acceptability of contract offers, the Secretary shall take into consideration the extent of the diversion to be undertaken by the producers and the productivity of the acreage diverted. The Secretary shall limit the total acreage to be diverted under agreements in any county or local community so as not to affect adversely the economy of the county or local community.

(C) The reduced acreage and the diverted acreage may be devoted to wildlife food plots or wildlife habitat in conformity with standards established by the Secretary in consultation with wildlife agencies. The Secretary may pay an appropriate share of the cost of practices designed to carry out the purpose of the foregoing sentence. The Secretary may provide for an additional payment on such acreage in an amount determined by the Secretary to be appropriate in relation to the benefit to the general public if the producer agrees to permit, without other compensation, access to all or such portion of the farm, as the Secretary may prescribe, by the general public, for hunting, trapping, fishing, and hiking, subject to applicable State and Federal regulations.

(6) An operator of a farm desiring to participate in the program conducted under paragraph (5) shall execute an agreement with the Secretary providing for such participation not later than such date as the Secretary may prescribe. The Secretary may, by mutual agreement with the producers on the farm, terminate or modify any such agreement if the Secretary determines such action necessary because of an emergency created by drought or other disaster or to prevent or alleviate a shortage in the supply of agricultural commodities.

(7) The Secretary shall provide for the sharing of payments made under this subsection for any farm among the producers on the farm on a fair and equitable basis.

(8) The Secretary shall provide adequate safeguards to protect the interests of tenants and sharecroppers.

(9) If the failure of a producer to comply fully with the terms and conditions of the program formulated under this subsection precludes the making of loans and payments, the Secretary may, nevertheless, make such loans and payments in such amounts as the Secretary determines to be equitable in relation to the seriousness of the failure. The Secretary may authorize the county and State committees established under section 590h(b) of title 16 to waive or modify deadlines and other program requirements in cases in which lateness or failure to meet such other requirements does not affect adversely the operation of the program.

(10) The Secretary may issue such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection.

(11) The Secretary shall carry out the program authorized by this subsection through the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(12) The provisions of section 590h(g) of title 16 (relating to assignment of payments) shall apply to payments made under this subsection.

(13)(A) Compliance on a farm with the terms and conditions of any other commodity program or compliance with crop acreage base requirements for any other commodity may not be required as a condition of eligibility for loans or payments under this section.

(B) The Secretary may not require producers on a farm, as a condition of eligibility for loans or payments under this section for the farm, to comply with the terms and conditions of the extra long staple cotton program with respect to any other farm operated by the producers.

(14) In order to encourage and assist producers in the orderly ginning and marketing of their extra long staple cotton production, the Secretary shall make recourse loans available to such producers on seed cotton in accordance with authority vested in the Secretary under the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act [15 U.S.C. 714 et seq.].

(15) References made in sections 1422, 1423, 1426,3 1427, and 1431 of this title to the terms "support price", "level of support", and "level of price support" shall be considered to apply as well to the level of loans for extra long staple cotton under this subsection; and references to the terms "price support", "price support operations", and "price support program" in such sections and in section 1421(a) of this title shall be considered as applying as well to the loan operations for extra long staple cotton under this subsection.

(16) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this subsection shall not be applicable to the 1996 and subsequent crops of extra long staple cotton.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title I, §103, as added Pub. L. 85–835, title I, §102, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 989; amended Pub. L. 88–297, title I, §103(b), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 89–112, §2, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 447; Pub. L. 89–321, title IV, §402(a), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1194; Pub. L. 89–451, §1, June 17, 1966, 80 Stat. 202; Pub. L. 90–559, §1(2), Oct. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §602, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1374; Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 233; Pub. L. 93–125, §1(b), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 95–113, title VI, §602, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 934; Pub. L. 95–279, title I, §102, May 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 95–402, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 96–213, §4(b), Mar. 18, 1980, 94 Stat. 119; Pub. L. 96–365, title II, §201(b), Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1320; Pub. L. 97–98, title V, §502, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1234; Pub. L. 97–446, title I, §155, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2345; Pub. L. 98–88, §4, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 98–258, title III, §§301, 302, Apr. 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 133; Pub. L. 99–114, §3, Oct. 1, 1985, 99 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 99–198, title V, §507, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1419; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title VI, §644], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783–36, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title VI, §644], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341–36; Pub. L. 99–641, title II, §201, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3562; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1101(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–2; Pub. L. 100–331, June 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 602; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, §1214(w), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 101–624, title V, §506, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3440.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1441(d) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was redesignated section 1441(c) of this title by Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §612(b)(4), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1524.

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(1), (11), (12) and (h)(5)(A)(ii), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, known as the Agricultural Act of 1949, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1421 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

The Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act, referred to in subsec. (h)(14), is act June 29, 1948, ch. 704, 62 Stat. 1070, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§714 et seq.) of chapter 15 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 714 of Title 15 and Tables.

Section 1426 of this title, referred to in subsec. (h)(15), was repealed by Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §171(b)(2)(I), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938.

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (h)(3)(A). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(b)(1), substituted "paragraph (5)(A)" for "paragraph (6) or paragraph (8)(A) of this subsection" and "paragraph (4)" for "paragraph (7) of this subsection".

Subsec. (h)(3)(C). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(b)(2), substituted "paragraph (5)(A)" for "paragraph (8)(A) of this subsection".

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (7) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which related to establishment of a national program acreage for extra long staple cotton by Secretary.

Subsec. (h)(5). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(1)–(3), redesignated par. (8) as (5), inserted "(including a zero percentage reduction)" after "reduction" in subpar. (A)(i), and struck out former par. (5) which required Secretary to determine a program allocation factor, not to exceed 100 per centum for each crop of extra long staple cotton.

Pub. L. 101–624, §506(b)(3), struck out before last sentence in subpar. (A)(i) the following: "If an acreage limitation program is announced under this paragraph for a crop of extra long staple cotton, paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of this subsection shall not be applicable to such crop, including any prior announcement which may have been made under such paragraphs with respect to such crop."

Pub. L. 101–624, §506(b)(4), substituted "paragraph (13)(C)" for "paragraph (16)(C)" in subpar. (A)(ii).

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(b)(5), substituted "paragraph (5)" for "paragraph (8) of this subsection".

Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (9) as (6) and struck out former par. (6) which provided a formula for determining individual farm program acreage for each crop of extra long staple cotton by multiplying allocation factor by acreage of extra long staple cotton planted for harvest on each farm for which individual farm program acreages are required to be determined.

Subsec. (h)(7) to (12). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(2), redesignated pars. (10) to (15) as (7) to (12), respectively. Former pars. (7) to (9) redesignated (4) to (6), respectively.

Subsec. (h)(13). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(2), (4), redesignated par. (16) as (13), struck out par. (13) as so redesignated, and added new par. (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (10). Prior to being struck out, par. (13) read as follows:

"(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in subparagraph (B), compliance on a farm with the terms and conditions of any other commodity program may not be required as a condition of eligibility for loans or payments under this subsection.

"(B) In the case of each of the 1989 and 1990 crops of extra long staple cotton, the Secretary may require that, as a condition of eligibility of producers for loans or payments under this subsection, the acreage planted for harvest on the farm to any other commodity for which an acreage limitation program is in effect shall not exceed the crop acreage base established for the farm for that commodity.

"(C) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of each of the 1987 through 1990 crops of extra long staple cotton, compliance with the terms and conditions of the program authorized by this subsection may not be required as a condition of eligibility for loans, purchases, or payments under any other commodity program."

Subsec. (h)(14), (15). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(2), redesignated pars. (17) and (18) as (14) and (15), respectively. Former pars. (14) and (15) redesignated (11) and (12), respectively.

Subsec. (h)(16). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(2), (5), redesignated par. (19) as (16) and substituted "1996" for "1991". Former par. (16) redesignated (13).

Subsec. (h)(17) to (19). Pub. L. 101–624, §506(a)(2), redesignated pars. (17) to (19) as (14) to (16), respectively.

1988—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted "subheadings 9904.30.10 through 9904.30.30 of chapter 99 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States" for "items 955.01 through 955.03 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States".

Subsec. (h)(8)(A). Pub. L. 100–331, §2, designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (h)(16)(C). Pub. L. 100–331, §1, substituted "through 1990" for "and 1988".

1987—Subsec. (h)(3)(B). Pub. L. 100–203 temporarily (see Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment note below) substituted "Except as provided in clause (ii), the" for "The" and added cl. (ii) which read as follows: "In the case of each of the 1988 and 1989 crops of extra long staple cotton, the established price for each such crop shall be 118.3 percent of the loan level determined for such crop under paragraph (2)."

1986—Subsec. (h)(16). Pub. L. 99–500, Pub. L. 99–591, and Pub. L. 99–641, in generally amending par. (16) identically, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted "except as provided in subparagraph (B)," and added subpars. (B) and (C).

1985—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 99–198, §507(1), in first sentence substituted "85 percent or the simple average price received by producers of extra long staple cotton, as determined by the Secretary, during 3 years of the 5-year period ending July 31 in the year in which the loan level is announced, excluding the year in which the average price was the highest and the year in which the average price was the lowest in such period." for "50 per centum in excess of the loan level established for each crop of Strict Low Middling one and one-sixteenth inch upland cotton (micronaire 3.5 through 4.9) at average location in the United States", and, in last sentence substituted "December 1" for "November 1" and struck out ", or within 10 days after the loan level for the related crop of upland cotton is announced, whichever is later,".

Pub. L. 99–114, §3(1), inserted ", or within 10 days after the loan level for the related crop of upland cotton is announced, whichever is later,".

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 99–114, §3(2), inserted "and announce" after "The Secretary shall establish" and struck out sentence which had provided that national program acreage for extra long staple cotton had to be announced by the Secretary not later than November 1 of the calendar year preceding the year for which such acreage was established.

Subsec. (h)(19). Pub. L. 99–198, §507(2), added par. (19).

1984—Subsec. (g)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–258, §301, substituted "and $0.81 per pound for the 1984 and 1985 crops" for "$0.81 per pound for the 1984 crop, and $0.86 per pound for the 1985 crop".

Subsec. (g)(9)(A). Pub. L. 98–258, §302(1), inserted "except as provided in the second and third sentences of this subparagraph," after "Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection,".

Pub. L. 98–258, §302(2), inserted sentences providing that for the 1985 crop of upland cotton, if the Secretary estimates that the quantity of upland cotton on hand in the United States on July 31, 1985 (not including any quantity of upland cotton produced in the United States during calendar year 1985), will exceed three million seven hundred thousand bales, the Secretary (i) shall provide for a land division [diversion] program as described under subparagraph (B) under which the acreage planted to upland cotton for harvest on the farm would be limited to the acreage base for the farm reduced by not less than 5 per centum and (ii) may provide for an acreage limitation program as described under this subparagraph under which the acreage planted to upland cotton for harvest on the farm would be limited to the acreage base for the farm reduced by not more than 20 per centum in addition to the reduction required under clause (i), that if the Secretary implements a combined acreage limitation program and land division [diversion] program, any reduction required by the Secretary in excess of 25 per centum of the acreage base for the farm shall be made under the land diversion program, and that, as a condition of eligibility for loans, purchases, and payments on the 1985 crop of upland cotton, if the Secretary implements a land diversion program or a combined acreage limitation and land diversion program, the producers on a farm must comply with the terms and conditions of such program.

Subsec. (g)(9)(B). Pub. L. 98–258, §302(3), inserted sentences providing that if the Secretary implements a land diversion program for the 1985 crop of upland cotton under the provisions of subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall make crop retirement and conservation payments to any producer of the 1985 crop of upland cotton whose acreage planted to upland cotton for harvest on the farm is reduced so that it does not exceed the upland cotton acreage base for the farm less an amount equivalent to the percentage of the acreage base specified by the Secretary, but not less than 5 per centum, in addition to the reduction required under the acreage limitation program under subparagraph (A), if any, and who devotes to approved conservation uses an acreage of cropland equivalent to the reduction required from the upland cotton acreage base under this subparagraph, that such payments shall be made in an amount computed by multiplying (i) the diversion payment rate, by (ii) the farm program payment yield for the crop, by (iii) the acreage diverted under this subparagraph, that the diversion payment rate shall be established by the Secretary at not less than $0.275 per pound: Provided, That if the Secretary estimates that the quantity of upland cotton on hand in the United States on July 31, 1985 (not including any quantity of upland cotton produced in the United States during calendar year 1985), will exceed (I) four million one hundred thousand bales, such rate shall be established by the Secretary at not less than $0.30 per pound, and (II) four million seven hundred thousand bales such rate shall be established by the Secretary at not less than $0.35 per pound, that the Secretary shall make not less than 50 per centum of any payments under this subparagraph to producers of the 1985 crop as soon as practicable after a producer enters into a land diversion contract with the Secretary and in advance of any determination of performance, and that if a producer fails to comply with a land diversion contract after obtaining an advance payment under this subparagraph, the producer shall repay the advance immediately and, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary, pay interest on the advance.

1983—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–88 added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 97–446 temporarily substituted provision relating to the special quota status of Tariff Schedule items 955.01 and 955.03 before a special quota established under this subsection is filled and the cotton in question is duty free, for provision that, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the foregoing provisions of this subsection with respect to extension of the loan period and to proclamation of the special quota was to become effective Oct. 1, 1977, even though the cotton might have been of a crop prior to the 1978 crop. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1983 Amendment note below.

1981—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–98 temporarily added subsec. (g). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1981 Amendment note below.

1980—Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 96–365, §201(b)(1), substituted "Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph, effective with respect to the 1978 through 1981 crops of upland cotton" for "Effective only with respect to the 1978, 1979, and 1980 crops of upland cotton".

Pub. L. 96–213, §4(b)(1), substituted "1978, 1979, and 1980 crops of upland cotton" for "1978 and 1979 crops of upland cotton".

Subsec. (f)(5)(B). Pub. L. 96–365, §201(b)(2), substituted "Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph, effective with respect to the 1978 through 1981 crops of upland cotton" for "Effective only with respect to the 1978, 1979, and 1980 crops of upland cotton".

Pub. L. 96–213, §4(b)(2), substituted "1978, 1979, and 1980 crops of upland cotton" for "1978 and 1979 crops of upland cotton".

Subsec. (f)(5)(C). Pub. L. 96–365, §201(b)(3), added subpar. (C).

1978—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 95–402 purported to strike out the fourth sentence of subsec. (f)(1). The enacting clause, however, stated that Pub. L. 95–402 was enacted to amend subsec. (f)(1) ". . . to ensure that the interest rates on price support loans for upland cotton are not less favorable to producers than the interest rates for such loans on other commodities". Accordingly, the third sentence of subsec. (f)(1) was struck out as the probable intent of Congress because it related to interest rates while the fourth sentence related to extension of the loan period and establishment of a special limited global import quota.

Pub. L. 95–279 temporarily substituted "during three years of the five-year period ending July 31" for "during the four-year period ending July 31" and inserted "excluding the year in which the average price was the highest and the year in which the average price was the lowest in such period" in cl. (i), substituted "for the fifteen-week period beginning July 1" for "for the first two full weeks of October" in cl. (ii), and inserted proviso relating to the minimum loan level and the power of the Secretary to raise the loan level as he may deem appropriate when the average Northern European price is less than the average United States spot market price. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1978 Amendment note below.

1977—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–113 temporarily added subsec. (f). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment note below.

1973—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20)(A), (B), substituted "1971 through 1977 crops of upland cotton" for "1971, 1972, and 1973 crops of upland cotton", "three-year period" for "two-year period" in two places, "except that if the loan rate so calculated is higher than the then current level of average world prices for American cotton of such quality, the Secretary is authorized to adjust the current calculated loan rate for cotton to 90 per centum of the then current average world price" for "except that to prevent the establishment of such a loan level as would adversely affect the competitive position of United States upland cotton, following one or more years of excessively high prices the Secretary shall make such adjustments as are necessary to keep United States upland cotton competitive and to retain an adequate share of the world market for such cotton", "average price of American cotton in world markets" for "acreage world price", and "any of the 1972 through 1977 crops" for "the 1972 or 1973 crop".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20)(C), substituted provisions setting out the formula for determining payments for each crop of cotton to the producers on each farm using, as elements of such formula, the average market price received by farmers for upland cotton during the calendar year which includes the first five months of the marketing year for such crop, as determined by the Secretary, the loan level determined under paragraph (1) for such crop, an established price of 38 cents per pound in the case of the 1974 and 1975 crops, adjusted prices in the case of the 1976 and 1977 crops, adjustment of increases to reflect changes in the national average yield per acre of cotton for the three calendar years preceding the year for which the determination is made over the national average yield per acre of cotton for the three calendar years preceding the year previous to the one for which the determination is made, and covering prevention of planting due to natural disasters and conditions for provisions authorizing payments by the Secretary to cooperators on the 1971, 1972, and 1973 crops of upland cotton, and struck out provisions directing preliminary payments to producers as soon as practicable after July 1 of the year in which the crop is harvested at a rate equal to 15 cents per pound.

Pub. L. 93–125 substituted "prevented from planting any portion" for "prevented from planting, any portion".

Subsec. (e)(4)(A). Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20)(D)–(F), inserted ", if required by the Secretary," before "(ii) the acreage of cropland on the farm devoted in preceding years to soil conserving uses, as determined by the Secretary", substituted "The Secretary is authorized for the 1974 through 1977 crops to limit the acreage planted to upland cotton on the farm in excess of the farm base acreage allotment to a percentage of the farm base acreage allotment" for "If the Secretary determines prior to the planting season for such crop that the carryover of upland cotton as of the beginning of the marketing year for the 1972 or 1973 crop will exceed 7.2 million bales, the Secretary is authorized for such crop to limit the acreage planted to upland cotton on the farm in excess of the farm base acreage allotment to such percentage of the farm base acreage allotment as he determines necessary to reduce the total supply to a reasonable level", deleted provision prohibiting grazing during any of the five principal months of the normal growing season as determined by the county committee established pursuant to section 590h(b) of Title 16, and inserted provisions authorizing the raising of hay on set-aside acreage and the production of triticale, oats, and rye.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20)(G), authorized Secretary in case of programs for 1974 through 1977 crops to pay an appropriate share of cost of practices designed to protect set-aside acreage from erosion, insects, weeds, and rodents and to provide wildlife food plots or wildlife habitat.

1970—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–524 added subsec. (e).

1968—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 90–559 provided for a one year extension, substituting "1966 through 1970" for "1966, 1967, 1968, and 1969".

1966—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 89–451 substituted "crop for which there are marketing quotas or voluntary adjustment programs in effect" for "income producing crop in such year" in last sentence.

1965—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–112 provided that the Secretary shall deem an acreage on a farm which he finds was not planted to cotton in 1965 because of flood, drought, or other natural disaster to be an actual acreage of cotton planted on the farm for harvest when that acreage was not subsequently devoted to any price support crop in 1965.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–321 added subsec. (d).

1964—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–297, §103(b)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and provided that the price support for the 1964 cotton crop shall be a national average support price which reflects 30 cents per pound for Middling one-inch cotton.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 88–297, §103(b)(3), added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–418 effective Jan. 1, 1989, and applicable with respect to articles entered on or after such date, see section 1217(b)(1) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1101(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–2, provided that the amendment made by section 1101(d) is effective only for the 1988 and 1989 crops of extra long staple cotton.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1983 Amendments

Pub. L. 98–88, §4, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 494, provided that the amendment made by section 4 is effective beginning with the 1984 crop of extra long staple cotton.

Pub. L. 97–446, title I, §155, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2345, provided that the amendment made by section 155 is effective for the 1982 through 1985 crops of upland cotton.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–98, title V, §502, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1234, provided that the amendment made by section 502 is effective only for the 1982 through 1985 crops of upland cotton.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–279, title I, §102, May 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 240, provided that the amendment made by section 102 is effective only with respect to the 1978 through 1981 crops of upland cotton.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–279 effective Oct. 1, 1978, and applicability to elections by producers receiving loans and payments prior to such date, see section 103 of Pub. L. 95–279, set out as a note under section 1309 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title VI, §602, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 934, provided that the amendment made by section 602 is effective only with respect to the 1978 through 1981 crops of upland cotton, except as otherwise provided therein.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20)(C), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 233, provided that the amendment made by section 1(20)(C) is effective beginning with the 1974 crop.

Pub. L. 93–86, §1(20)(D), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 234, provided that the amendment made by section 1(20)(D), authorizing Secretary for the 1974 through 1977 crops to limit acreage planted in upland cotton on farm in excess of farm base acreage allotment to a percentage of farm base acreage allotment, is effective beginning with the 1974 crop.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §602, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1374, provided that the amendment made by section 602 is effective beginning with the 1971 crop of upland cotton.

Inapplicability of Section

Subsec. (a) of this section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(2) of this title.

Subsec. (a) of this section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(2) of this title.

Subsec. (a) of this section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(2) of this title.

Subsec. (a) of this section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(B) of this title.

Pub. L. 101–624, title V, §503, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3440, provided that: "Section 103(a) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1444(a)) shall not be applicable to the 1991 through 1995 crops."

Pub. L. 99–198, title V, §504, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1418, provided that: "Sections 103(a) and 203 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1444(a) and 1446d) shall not be applicable to the 1986 through 1990 crops."

Pub. L. 97–98, title V, §504, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1241, provided that: "Sections 103(a) and 203 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [sections 1444(a) and 1446d of this title] shall not be applicable to the 1982 through 1985 crops."

Pub. L. 95–113, title VI, §604(c), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 939, provided that: "Sections 103(a) and 203 of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended [sections 1444(a) and 1446d of this title] shall not be applicable to the 1978 through 1981 crops."

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original.

3 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 1736 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736: Use of Commodity Credit Corporation
Use of Commodity Credit Corporation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Commodity Credit Corporation may acquire and make available such agricultural commodities as necessary to carry out agreements under this chapter.

(b) Included expenses

With respect to commodities made available under subchapters III and III–A, the Commodity Credit Corporation may pay—

(1) the cost of acquiring such commodities;

(2) the costs associated with packaging, enrichment, preservation, and fortification of such commodities, including the costs of carrying out section 1736g–2 of this title;

(3) the processing, transportation, handling, and other incidental costs up to the time of the delivery of such commodities free on board vessels in United States ports;

(4) the vessel freight charges from United States ports or designated Canadian transshipment ports, as determined by the Secretary, to designated ports of entry abroad;

(5) the costs associated with transporting such commodities from United States ports to designated points of entry abroad in the case—

(A) of landlocked countries;

(B) of ports that cannot be used effectively because of natural or other disturbances;

(C) of the unavailability of carriers to a specific country; or

(D) of substantial savings in costs or time that may be effected by the utilization of points of entry other than ports;

(6) in the case of commodities for urgent and extraordinary relief requirements (including pre-positioned commodities) the transportation costs incurred in moving the commodities from designated points of entry or ports of entry abroad to storage and distribution sites and associated storage, distribution, and program implementation costs to use the commodities; and

(7) the charges for general average contributions arising out of the ocean transport of commodities transferred pursuant thereto.

(c) Commodity Credit Corporation

The funds, facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation may be used to carry out this chapter.

(d) Availability of funds

Funds shall be available under this chapter only to the extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts.

(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title IV, §406, as added Pub. L. 86–341, title I, §14, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 610; amended Pub. L. 87–703, title II, §201(5), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 89–808, §2(E), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1536; Pub. L. 94–161, title II, §214, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 855; Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1204(b)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–11; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3650; Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §323, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1857; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §215, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 956; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §§3014(b)(1), 3016, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1826, 1827; Pub. L. 115–334, title III, §3110, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4605.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "storage, distribution, and program implementation costs to use the commodities" for "storage and distribution costs".

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §3014(b)(1), struck out "(that have been determined to be available under section 1731(a) of this title)" after "commodities".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §3016, inserted ", including the costs of carrying out section 1736g–2 of this title" before semicolon at end.

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, §215(1), substituted "may" for "shall" after "Corporation".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §215(2)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted "subchapters III and III–A" for "this chapter".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 104–127, §215(2)(B), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "the ocean freight charges from United States ports to designated ports of entry abroad;".

1991—Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "time" for "items".

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing appropriations and authorizing the President to administer a program of farmer-to-farmer assistance, enter into agreements or make grants to train farmers in recipient countries, seek exchange of farm youth and farm leaders with developing countries, conduct research in tropical and subtropical agriculture, coordinate program with other foreign assistance programs, establish conditions for eligibility in farmer-to-farmer program, and pay costs of program through use of foreign currencies accruing from sale of commodities.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (d).

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–161, §214(1), substituted "the President" for "the Secretary of Agriculture".

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94–161, §214(2), struck out "through existing agencies of the Department of Agriculture" after "establish and administer".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 94–161, §214(3), substituted "with other foreign assistance activities of the United States" for "with the activities of the Peace Corps, the Agency for International Development, and other agencies of the United States and to assign, upon agreement with such agencies, such persons to work with and under the administration of such agencies: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed to infringe upon the powers or functions of the Secretary of State".

1966—Pub. L. 89–808 substituted food production assistance provisions for provision respecting applicability of other laws, now provided for by section 1707(d) of this title.

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 made section 1701(b) and (c) applicable to this subchapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendments

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 1513 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 effective Nov. 29, 1990, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1994 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–808 effective Jan. 1, 1967, see section 5 of Pub. L. 89–808, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

Farmer-to-Farmer Programs for Fiscal Years 1986 Through 1990

Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1107, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1467, as amended by Pub. L. 100–277, §6, Apr. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 69, directed that not less than one-tenth of 1 percent of the funds available for each of the fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1986, through Sept. 30, 1990, to carry out this chapter be used to carry out section 1736(a)(1), (2) of this title, and directed the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, in conjunction with the Secretary of Agriculture, to submit to Congress a report, not later than 120 days after Dec. 23, 1985, indicating the manner in which the Agency intended to implement such provisions.
7 U.S.C. § 1635k (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter II: LIVESTOCK MANDATORY REPORTING / Section 1635k: Mandatory reporting of wholesale pork cuts
Mandatory reporting of wholesale pork cuts
Status: in_force

(a) Reporting

The corporate officers or officially designated representatives of each packer shall report to the Secretary information concerning the price and volume of wholesale pork cuts, as the Secretary determines is necessary and appropriate.

(b) Publication

The Secretary shall publish information reported under subsection (a) as the Secretary determines necessary and appropriate.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §233, as added Pub. L. 111–239, §2(b)(1), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2501.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Negotiated Rulemaking Process

Pub. L. 111–239, §2(b)(2)–(4), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2501, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(25), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4307, provided that:

"(2) Negotiated rulemaking.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a negotiated rulemaking process pursuant to subchapter III of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, to negotiate and develop a proposed rule to implement the amendment made by paragraph (1) [enacting this section].

"(3) Negotiated rulemaking committee.—

"(A) Representation.—Any negotiated rulemaking committee established by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to paragraph (2) shall include representatives from—

"(i) organizations representing swine producers;

"(ii) organizations representing packers of pork, processors of pork, retailers of pork, and buyers of wholesale pork;

"(iii) the Department of Agriculture; and

"(iv) among interested parties that participate in swine or pork production.

"(B) Inapplicability of chapter 10 of title 5, united states code.—Any negotiated rulemaking committee established by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to paragraph (2) shall not be subject to chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code.

"(4) Timing of proposed and final rules.—In carrying out the negotiated rulemaking process under paragraph (2), the Secretary of Agriculture shall ensure that—

"(A) any recommendation for a proposed rule or report is provided to the Secretary of Agriculture not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010]; and

"(B) a final rule is promulgated not later than one and a half years after the date of the enactment of this Act."
7 U.S.C. § 1736a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736a: Administrative provisions
Administrative provisions
Status: in_force

(a) Subchapter II programs

(1) Acquisitions

The importing country or private entity that enters into an agreement under subchapter II shall acquire the agricultural commodities to be financed under subchapter II.

(2) Invitation for bid

No purchase of agricultural commodities from private stock or purchase of ocean transportation shall be financed under subchapter II unless such purchases are made on the basis of an invitation for bid that is publicly advertised in the United States, and on the basis of bid offerings that shall conform to such invitation and be received and publicly opened in the United States. All awards in the purchase of commodities or ocean transportation financed under subchapter II shall be consistent with open, competitive, and responsive bid procedures, as determined appropriate by the Secretary. Resulting contracts may contain such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines are necessary and appropriate.

(b) Agents

(1) Authority of Secretary or Commodity Credit Corporation

(A) General rule

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), if it is determined appropriate, the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation may serve as the purchasing or shipping agent, or both, for the importer or importing country in arranging the purchase or shipping of commodities financed under subchapter II.

(B) Exception

Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation may award, under a competitive bidding process, contracts for establishing freight agents who shall act on behalf of the Secretary or the Corporation to handle the shipping of commodities financed under this chapter.

(C) Avoidance of conflict of interest of contractors

Freight agents employed by the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation under subchapter II shall not represent any foreign government during the period of their contract with the United States Government.

(2) Reasonable fees and commissions

(A) Fees

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation may enter into an agreement with the importer or importing country that contains the terms and conditions that will govern the provision of purchasing or shipping agent services by the Secretary or the Corporation, including the establishment of fees for such services. Any such fees shall be fair and reasonable in relation to the services performed and shall be available as reimbursement for costs incurred in providing such services.

(B) Prohibition on commissions

Commissions, fees, or other payments to any selling agent or to any agent of a purchaser shall be prohibited in the purchase of agricultural commodities that are financed under subchapter II of this chapter.

(3) Limitations

No commission, fees, or other payments to an agent, broker, consultant, or other representative of the importer or importing country for ocean transportation brokerage services in connection with the carriage of commodities provided under subchapter II of this chapter may—

(A) be paid in excess of an amount determined appropriate by the Secretary; and

(B) be shared by such person with the importer or importing country or any agent thereof.

(4) Avoidance of conflict of interest

A person may not be an agent, broker, consultant, or other representative of the United States Government, an importer, or an importing country in connection with agricultural commodities provided under this chapter during a fiscal year in which such person provides or acts as an agent, broker, consultant, or other representative of a person engaged in providing ocean transportation or transportation-related services for such commodities. For the purpose of this paragraph, the term "transportation-related services" means lightening, stevedoring, bagging, or inland transportation to the destination point.

(c) Subchapters III and III–A program

(1) Acquisition

(A) In general

The Administrator shall transfer, arrange for the transportation, and take other steps necessary to make available agricultural commodities to be provided under subchapter III and subchapter III–A.

(B) Certain commodities made available for nonemergency assistance

In the case of agricultural commodities made available for nonemergency assistance under subchapter III for least developed countries that meet the poverty and other eligibility criteria established by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for financing under the International Development Association, the Administrator may pay the transportation costs incurred in moving the agricultural commodities from designated points of entry or ports of entry abroad to storage and distribution sites and associated storage and distribution costs.

(2) Freight procurement

Notwithstanding chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41 or other similar provisions of law relating to the making or performance of Federal Government contracts, ocean transportation under subchapters III and III–A may be procured on the basis of full and open competitive procedures. Resulting contracts may contain such terms and conditions as the Administrator determines are necessary and appropriate.

(3) Avoidance of conflict of interest

Freight agents employed by the Agency for International Development under subchapters III and III–A shall not represent any foreign government during the period of their contract with the United States Government.

(4) Prepositioning

(A) In general

Funds made available for fiscal years 2001 through 2023 to carry out subchapters III and III-A may be used by the Administrator to procure, transport, and store agricultural commodities for prepositioning within the United States and in foreign countries, except that for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2013 not more than $10,000,000 of such funds and for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023 not more than $15,000,000 of such funds may be used to store agricultural commodities for prepositioning in foreign countries.

(B) Additional prepositioning sites

The Administrator may establish additional sites for prepositioning in foreign countries or change the location of current sites for prepositioning in foreign countries after conducting, and based on the results of, assessments of need, the availability of appropriate technology for long-term storage, feasibility, and cost.

(5) Nonemergency or multiyear agreements

Annual resource requests for ongoing nonemergency or ongoing multiyear agreements under subchapter III shall be finalized not later than October 1 of the fiscal year in which the agricultural commodities will be shipped under the agreement.

(d) Timing of shipments

In determining the timing of the shipment of agricultural commodities to be provided under this chapter, the Secretary or the Administrator, as appropriate, shall consider—

(1) the time of harvest of any competing commodities in the recipient country; and

(2) such other concerns determined to be appropriate.

(e) Deadline for agreements under subchapters II and III–A

An agreement under subchapters II and III–A shall, to the extent practicable, be entered into not later than—

(1) November 30 of the first fiscal year in which agricultural commodities are to be shipped under the agreement; or

(2) 60 days after the date of enactment of the annual Rural Development, Agriculture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for the first fiscal year in which agricultural commodities are to be shipped under the agreement,

whichever is later.

(f) Annual report regarding food aid programs and activities

(1) Annual report

Not later than April 1 of each fiscal year, the Administrator and the Secretary shall jointly, or each separately, prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report regarding each program and activity carried out under this chapter by the Administrator, the Secretary, or both, as applicable, during the prior fiscal year.

(2) Contents

An annual report described in paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to the prior fiscal year, the following:

(A) A list that contains a description of each country and organization that receives food and other assistance under this chapter (including the quantity of food and assistance provided to each country and organization).

(B) A general description of each project and activity implemented under this chapter (including each activity funded through the use of local currencies) and the total number of beneficiaries of the project.

(C) A statement describing the quantity of agricultural commodities made available to, and the total number of beneficiaries in, each country pursuant to—

(i) this chapter;

(ii) section 1431(b) of this title;

(iii) the Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o); and

(iv) the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program established by section 1736o–1 of this title.

(D) An assessment of the progress made through programs under this chapter towards reducing food insecurity in the populations receiving food assistance from the United States.

(E) A description of efforts undertaken by the Food Aid Consultative Group under section 1725 of this title to achieve an integrated and effective food assistance program.

(F) An assessment of—

(i) each program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation system implemented under section 1726a(f) of this title; and

(ii) the impact of each program oversight, monitoring, and evaluation system on the effectiveness and efficiency of assistance provided under this subchapter.

(G) An assessment of the progress made by the Administrator in addressing issues relating to quality with respect to the provision of food assistance.

(H) A statement of the amount of funds (including funds for administrative costs, indirect cost recovery, internal transportation, storage and handling, and associated distribution costs) provided to each eligible organization that received assistance under this chapter, that further describes the following:

(i) How such funds were used by the eligible organization.

(ii) The actual rate of return for each commodity made available under this chapter, including factors that influenced the rate of return, and, for the commodity, the costs of bagging or further processing, ocean transportation, inland transportation in the recipient country, storage costs, and any other information that the Administrator and the Secretary determine to be necessary.

(iii) For each instance in which a commodity was made available under this chapter at a rate of return less than 70 percent, the reasons for the rate of return realized.

(I) For funds expended for purposes of section 1 1722(e), 1736(b)(6), and 1736a(c)(1)(B) of this title, a detailed accounting of the expenditures and purposes of such expenditures with respect to each such section.

(3) Rate of return described

For purposes of applying subparagraph (H) of paragraph (2), the rate of return for a commodity shall be equal to the proportion that—

(A) the proceeds the implementing partners generate through monetization; bears to

(B) the cost to the Federal Government to procure and ship the commodity to a recipient country for monetization.

(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title IV, §407, as added Pub. L. 89–808, §2(E), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1537; amended Pub. L. 90–436, §8, July 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 451; Pub. L. 94–161, title II, §210, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 854; Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1204(b)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–11; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3650; Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §§319, 324, 325, 328, 329, 332, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1857, 1858; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1011(e), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §216, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 106–472, title III, §310(b), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 107–171, title III, §§3010, 3011, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §§3017, 3018(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1827; Pub. L. 113–79, title III, §§3009, 3010, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 776, 777; Pub. L. 115–334, title III, §§3111, 3112(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4605.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food for Progress Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(C)(iii), is Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1110, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1472, which is classified to section 1736o of this title.

Codification

In subsec. (c)(2), "chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41" substituted for "the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.)" on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §3111, substituted "2023" for "2018" in two places.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334, §3112(a), amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) related to annual report regarding each program and activity carried out under this chapter and annual report regarding the administration of food assistance programs under subchapter III to benefit foreign countries.

2014—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §3009(1), substituted "2018" for "2012" and "for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2013 not more than $10,000,000 of such funds and for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018 not more than $15,000,000 of such funds" for "for each such fiscal year not more than $10,000,000 of such funds".

Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 113–79, §3009(2), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(i) Feasibility assessments.—The Administrator may carry out assessments for the establishment of not less than 2 sites to determine the feasibility of, and costs associated with, using the sites to store and handle agricultural commodities for prepositioning in foreign countries.

"(ii) Establishment of sites.—Based on the results of each assessment carried out under clause (i), the Administrator may establish additional sites for prepositioning in foreign countries."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §3010(1), substituted "food aid" for "agricultural trade" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 113–79, §3010(2), inserted "and the total number of beneficiaries of the project and the activities carried out through such project" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 113–79, §3010(3)(A), inserted ", and the total number of beneficiaries in," after "commodities made available to" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (f)(1)(B)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 113–79, §3010(3)(B)–(D), added subcl. (III).

2008—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 110–246, §3017(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, substituted "2012" for "2007" and "$10,000,000" for "$2,000,000", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 110–246, §3017(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–246, §3018(a), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which directed President to prepare an annual report concerning programs and activities implemented under this chapter for the preceding fiscal year, described contents of report, and directed that it be submitted not later than Jan. 15 of each year to the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

2002—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §3011, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 107–171, §3010, substituted "through 2007" for "and 2002".

2000—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 106–472 added par. (4).

1996—Pub. L. 104–127, §216(2)–(5), which directed amendment of subsecs. (c), (d), (g), and (h), respectively, of this section, was executed to subsecs. (b), (c), (f), and (g), respectively, of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 104–66 which struck out subsec. (b) and redesignated subsecs. (c) to (h) as (b) to (g), respectively. See 1995 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(1)(A), inserted "or private entity that enters into an agreement under subchapter II of this chapter" after "importing country".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(1)(B), inserted at end "Resulting contracts may contain such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines are necessary and appropriate."

Subsec. (b)(1)(A), (2)(A). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(2), inserted "importer or" before "importing country".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(3)(A), added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: "No purchase of agricultural commodities from private stocks or purchase of ocean transportation services by the United States Government shall be financed under subchapters III and III–A of this chapter unless such purchases are made on the basis of full and open competition utilizing such procedures as are determined necessary and appropriate by the Administrator."

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(3)(B), struck out heading and text of par. (4). Text read as follows: "Notwithstanding any provision of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.) or other similar provisions relating to the making or performance of Federal Government contracts, the Administrator may procure ocean transportation services under this chapter under such full and open competitive procedures as the Administrator determines are necessary and appropriate."

Subsec. (f)(2)(D). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(4), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–127, §216(5), struck out heading and text of subsec. (g). Text read as follows: "On World Food Day, October 16 of each year, the President shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report, prepared with the assistance of the Secretary and the Administrator, assessing progress towards food security in each country receiving United States Government food assistance. Special emphasis should be given in such report to the nutritional status of the poorest populations in such countries."

1995—Subsecs. (b) to (h). Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsecs. (c) to (h) as (b) to (g), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which required reporting of agricultural commodity or ocean transportation supplier fees.

1991—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–237, §329, struck out "or agricultural commodity donated" after "ocean transportation financed".

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–237, §324, substituted "subchapter II of this chapter" for "this section".

Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 102–237, §325, struck out "other" before "foreign government".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B), (3). Pub. L. 102–237, §319, inserted "subchapter II of" before "this chapter".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 102–237, §328(a), inserted "provides or" after "in which such person" and substituted "of a person" for "if the person is".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 102–237, §328(b), struck out "other" before "foreign government".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 102–237, §332, substituted "the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.)" for "the Federal Property Act of 1949, as amended,".

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which established an Advisory Committee to survey the general policies relating to the administration of this chapter, including implementation of self-help provisions, uses to be made of foreign currencies, amount of currencies to be reserved in sales agreements for loans to private industry, rates of exchange, interest rates, and terms under which dollar credit sales are made.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101–508 substituted "providing ocean transportation or" for "providing ocean".

1975—Pub. L. 94–161 inserted ", or their designees (who shall be members of such committees or, in the case of members from the executive branch, who shall have been confirmed by the Senate)" in first sentence.

1968—Pub. L. 90–436 struck out provisions that the vice chairman and one ranking minority member of the specified House committees and the next ranking majority member and one ranking minority member of the specified Senate committees be members of the Advisory Committee, and inserted provisions requiring the Advisory Committee to meet not less than four times during each calendar year and setting forth the order of precedence at such meetings.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendments

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 1513 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 effective Nov. 29, 1990, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1994 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1967, see section 5 of Pub. L. 89–808, set out as an Effective Date of 1966 Amendment note under section 1691 of this title.

Executive Documents

Preparation of Annual Report

For provisions requiring Food Assistance Policy Council to prepare annual report pursuant to subsec. (g)(1) [now (f)(1)] of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12752, §3(c), Feb. 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 8256, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "sections".