22 U.S.C. § 6502 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 74: FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES CONSOLIDATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 6502: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) ACDA

The term "ACDA" means the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

(2) AID

The term "AID" means the United States Agency for International Development.

(3) Agency; Federal agency

The term "agency" or "Federal agency" means an Executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5.

(4) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

(5) Covered agency

The term "covered agency" means any of the following agencies: ACDA, USIA, IDCA, and AID.

(6) Department

The term "Department" means the Department of State.

(7) Function

The term "function" means any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, activity, or program.

(8) IDCA

The term "IDCA" means the United States International Development Cooperation Agency.

(9) Office

The term "office" includes any office, administration, agency, institute, unit, organizational entity, or component thereof.

(10) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of State.

(11) USIA

The term "USIA" means the United States Information Agency.

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XI, §1103, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–766.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this subdivision", meaning subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–765, known as the Foreign Affairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998. For complete classification of this subdivision to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6501 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
22 U.S.C. § 4822 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 58: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY / Subchapter II: PERSONNEL / Section 4822: Director of Diplomatic Security Service
Director of Diplomatic Security Service
Status: in_force

Any such Diplomatic Security Service should be headed by a Director designated by the Secretary of State. The Director should be a career member of the Senior Foreign Service or the Senior Executive Service and should be qualified for the position by virtue of demonstrated ability in the areas of security, law enforcement, management, and public administration. Experience in management or operations abroad should be considered an affirmative factor in the selection of the Director.

(Pub. L. 99–399, title II, §202, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 858; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(g)(8), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 407.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "Any such" for "The" in first sentence, struck out last sentence which read as follows: "The Director shall act under the supervision and direction of the Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security.", and directed the substitution of "should" for "shall" in first, third, and fourth sentences, which was executed to first, second, and third sentences to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the striking out of last sentence which also was the fourth sentence. See H.Rept. 103–126, pp. 168, 169.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–236 applicable with respect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of State when executive orders, regulations, or departmental directives implementing the amendments by sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective, or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier, see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3221 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION / Subchapter I: UNITED STATES INITIATIVES TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE NUCLEAR FUEL SUPPLY / Section 3221: Congressional declaration of policy
Congressional declaration of policy
Status: in_force

The United States, as a matter of national policy, shall take such actions and institute such measures as may be necessary and feasible to assure other nations and groups of nations that may seek to utilize the benefits of atomic energy for peaceful purposes that it will provide a reliable supply of nuclear fuel to those nations and groups of nations which adhere to policies designed to prevent proliferation. Such nuclear fuel shall be provided under agreements entered into pursuant to section 2201 of title 42 or as otherwise authorized by law. The United States shall ensure that it will have available the capacity on a long-term basis to enter into new fuel supply commitments consistent with its non-proliferation policies and domestic energy needs. The Commission shall, on a timely basis, authorize the export of nuclear materials and equipment when all the applicable statutory requirements are met.

(Pub. L. 95–242, title I, §101, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 121.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Mar. 10, 1978, except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1928f (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 24: MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM / Subchapter III: ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE / Section 1928f: Limitation on withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Limitation on withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Status: in_force

(a) Opposition of Congress to suspension, termination, denunciation, or withdrawal from North Atlantic Treaty

The President shall not suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4, 1949, except by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, provided that two-thirds of the Senators present concur, or pursuant to an Act of Congress.

(b) Limitation on the use of funds

No funds authorized or appropriated by any Act may be used to support, directly or indirectly, any decision on the part of any United States Government official to suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, April 4, 1949, except by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, provided that two-thirds of the Senators present concur, or pursuant to an Act of Congress.

(c) Notification of Treaty action

(1) Consultation

Prior to the notification described in paragraph (2), the President shall consult with the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives in relation to any initiative to suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty.

(2) Notification

The President shall notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives in writing of any deliberation or decision to suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty, as soon as possible but in no event later than 180 days prior to taking such action.

(d) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize, imply, or otherwise indicate that the President may suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw from any treaty to which the Senate has provided its advice and consent without the advice and consent of the Senate to such act or pursuant to an Act of Congress.

(e) Severability

If any provision of this section or the application of such provision is held by a Federal court to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this subtitle and the application of such provisions to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.

(f) Definitions

In this subtitle, the terms "withdrawal", "denunciation", "suspension", and "termination" have the meaning given the terms in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, concluded at Vienna May 23, 1969.

(Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XII, §1250A, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 464.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subtitle, referred to in subsecs. (e) and (f), is subtitle C (§§1241–1250B) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 118–31, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 458, which enacted this section, amended section 9905 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 8634 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 419 of Title 5 and section 113 of Title 10 and amended provisions set out as a note under section 333 of Title 10. For complete classification of subtitle C to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, and not as part of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 3203 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION / Section 3203: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

(a) As used in this chapter, the term—

(1) "Commission" means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;

(2) "IAEA" means International Atomic Energy Agency;

(3) "nuclear materials and equipment" means source material, special nuclear material, production facilities, utilization facilities, and components, items or substances determined to have significance for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to subsection 109b 1 of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C. 2139(b)];

(4) "physical security measures" means measures to reasonably ensure that source or special nuclear material will only be used for authorized purposes and to prevent theft and sabotage;

(5) "sensitive nuclear technology" means any information (including information incorporated in a production or utilization facility or important component part thereof) which is not available to the public and which is important to the design, construction, fabrication, operation or maintenance of a uranium enrichment or nuclear fuel reprocessing facility or a facility for the production of heavy water, but shall not include Restricted Data controlled pursuant to chapter 12 of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C. 2161 et seq.];

(6) "1954 Act" means the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.]; and

(7) "the Treaty" means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

(b) All other terms used in this chapter not defined in this section shall have the meanings ascribed to them by the 1954 Act, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 [42 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.], and the Treaty.

(Pub. L. 95–242, §4, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1225(e)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–775.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.

The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), (6), is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 919, which is classified principally to chapter 23 (§2011 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Chapter 12 of the 1954 Act is classified generally to subchapter XI (§2161 et seq.) of division A of chapter 23 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–438, Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1233, which is classified principally to chapter 73 (§5801 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–277 redesignated pars. (3) to (8) as (2) to (7), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: " 'Director' means the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency;".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Mar. 10, 1978, except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

1 So in the original. Probably should be "section 109(b)".
22 U.S.C. § 446 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 9: FOREIGN WARS, WAR MATERIALS, AND NEUTRALITY / Subchapter II: NEUTRALITY / Section 446: Repealed. Nov. 17, 1941, ch. 473, §2, 55 Stat. 764
Repealed. Nov. 17, 1941, ch. 473, §2, 55 Stat. 764
Status: repealed

Section, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §6, 54 Stat. 7, prohibited arming of American merchant vessels. Joint Res. Nov. 17, 1941, §2, which repealed this section, was itself repealed, effective July 1, 1948, by Joint Res. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, §2(a), 61 Stat. 451, which provided that it should remain in full force and effect until such date.
22 U.S.C. § 9269a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 99: NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS AND POLICY ENHANCEMENT / Subchapter V: AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO EXPANDED SANCTIONS / Section 9269a: Authority to consolidate reports
Authority to consolidate reports
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Any and all reports required to be submitted to the appropriate congressional committees under this subtitle 1 or an amendment made by this subtitle that are subject to a deadline for submission consisting of the same unit of time may be consolidated into a single report that is submitted pursuant to that deadline.

(b) Contents

Any reports consolidated under subsection (a) shall contain all information required under this subtitle 1 or an amendment made by this subtitle and any other elements that may be required by existing law.

(Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXI, §7142, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2255.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subtitle, referred to in text, is subtitle A of title LXXI of div. F of Pub. L. 116–92, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2244, which enacted this subchapter and sections 262p–13, 286yy, 9221b, and 9221c of this title, amended sections 9202, 9212, 9214, 9223, 9224, 9228, 9241, and 9251 of this title, repealed sections 262p–13 and 286yy of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 262p–13 and 286yy of this title. For complete classification of this subtitle to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Otto Warmbier North Korea Nuclear Sanctions and Enforcement Act of 2019, and also as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, and not as part of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016 which comprises this chapter.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 2513 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2513: Assignment of personnel to foreign governments or international organizations
Assignment of personnel to foreign governments or international organizations
Status: in_force

(a) Authority; oath of allegiance

In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the head of any agency of the United States Government is authorized to detail, assign, or otherwise make available any officer or employee of his agency (1) to serve with, or as a member of, the international staff of any international organization, or (2) to any office or position to which no compensation is attached with any foreign government or agency thereof: Provided, That such acceptance of such office or position shall in no case involve the taking of an oath of allegiance to another government.

(b) Benefits of detailed personnel

Any such officer or employee, while so detailed or assigned, shall be considered, for the purpose of preserving his allowances, privileges, rights, seniority, and other benefits as such, an officer or employee of the United States Government and of the agency of the United States Government from which detailed or assigned, and he shall continue to receive compensation, allowances, and benefits from funds authorized by this chapter. He may also receive, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, representation allowances similar to those allowed under section 4085 of this title. The authorization of such allowances and other benefits, and the payment thereof out of any appropriations available therefor, shall be considered as meeting all of the requirements of section 5536 of title 5.

(c) Reimbursement provisions

Details or assignments may be made under this section—

(1) without reimbursement to the United States Government by the international organization or foreign government;

(2) upon agreement by the international organization or foreign government to reimburse the United States Government for compensation, travel expenses, and allowances, or any part thereof, payable to such officer or employee during the period of assignment or detail in accordance with subsection (b) of this section; and such reimbursement shall be credited to the appropriation, fund, or account utilized for paying such compensation, travel expenses, or allowances, or to the appropriation, fund, or account currently available for such purpose; or

(3) upon an advance of funds, property or services to the United States Government accepted with the approval of the President for specified uses in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter; and funds so advanced may be established as a separate fund in the Treasury of the United States Government, to be available for the specified uses, and to be used for reimbursement of appropriations or direct expenditure subject to the provisions of this chapter, any unexpended balance of such account to be returned to the foreign government or international organization.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §14, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 620; Pub. L. 91–352, §7, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2202(d), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2158.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "section 4085 of this title" for "section 1131 of this title".

1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–352 substituted "section 5536 of title 5" for "section 70 of title 5".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1–103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2675 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2675: Allocation or transfer to other agencies of funds appropriated to Department of State; authority for expenditure of funds
Allocation or transfer to other agencies of funds appropriated to Department of State; authority for expenditure of funds
Status: in_force

The Secretary of State may allocate or transfer to any department, agency, or independent establishment of the United States Government (with the consent of the head of such department, agency, or establishment) any funds appropriated to the Department of State, for direct expenditure by such department, agency, or independent establishment for the purposes for which the funds were appropriated in accordance with authority granted in this Act or under authority governing the activities of such department, agency, or independent establishment.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §8, 70 Stat. 891; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 97–241, title II, §202(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 282; Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §121, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1023.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, 70 Stat. 890, known as the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2651 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 170m of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

1983—Pub. L. 98–164 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to allocation or transfer of funds and authority for expenditure of funds for provisions relating to transfer of funds.
22 U.S.C. § 3653 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3653: Employment standards
Employment standards
Status: in_force

The Commission shall establish written standards for—

(1) determining the qualifications and fitness of employees and of candidates for employment in positions; and

(2) selecting individuals for appointment, promotion, or transfer to positions.

The standards shall conform to the provisions of this subpart, any regulations prescribed thereunder, and the Panama Canal Employment System.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1213, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3531, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2863.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "The Commission" for "The head of each agency" in introductory provisions.

Executive Documents

Coordination of Pay and Employment Practices

For provisions requiring consultations with the Secretary of Defense for agencies under this subpart with respect to the establishment of rates of pay and other matters deemed appropriate by the Secretary in order to develop compatible or unified systems of basic pay and employment practices, see section 1–201 of Ex. Ord. No. 12215, May 27, 1980, 45 F.R. 36043, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 286e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XV: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 286e: Payment of subscriptions to Fund and Bank by United States; issuance of special notes; income covered into Treasury
Payment of subscriptions to Fund and Bank by United States; issuance of special notes; income covered into Treasury
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to pay the balance of the subscription of the United States to the Fund not provided for in subsection (a) and to pay the subscription of the United States to the Bank from time to time when payments are required to be made to the Bank. For the purpose of making these payments, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public-debt transaction $8,675,000,000 of the proceeds of any securities hereafter issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under that chapter are extended to include such purpose. Payment under this paragraph of the subscription of the United States to the Fund or the Bank and repayments thereof shall be treated as public-debt transactions of the United States.

For the purpose of keeping to a minimum the cost to the United States of participation in the Fund and the Bank, the Secretary of the Treasury, after paying the subscription of the United States to the Fund, and any part of the subscription of the United States to the Bank required to be made under article II, section 7(i), of the Articles of Agreement of the Bank, is authorized and directed to issue special notes of the United States from time to time at par and to deliver such notes to the Fund and the Bank in exchange for dollars to the extent permitted by the respective Articles of Agreement. The special notes provided for in this paragraph shall be issued under the authority and subject to the provisions of chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under that chapter are extended to include the purposes for which special notes are authorized and directed to be issued under this paragraph, but such notes shall bear no interest, shall be nonnegotiable, and shall be payable on demand of the Fund or the Bank, as the case may be. The face amount of special notes issued to the Fund under the authority of this paragraph and outstanding at any one time shall not exceed in the aggregate the amount of the subscription of the United States actually paid to the Fund and the dollar equivalent of currencies and gold which the United States shall have purchased from the Fund in accordance with the Articles of Agreement, and the face amount of such notes issued to the Bank and outstanding at any one time shall not exceed in the aggregate the amount of the subscription of the United States actually paid to the Bank under article II, section 7(i) of the Articles of Agreement of the Bank.

Any payment made to the United States by the Fund or the Bank as a distribution of net income shall be covered into the Treasury as a miscellaneous receipt.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 339, §7(b)–(d), 59 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 86–48, §2, June 17, 1959, 73 Stat. 80; Pub. L. 87–490, §2, June 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 105.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subsection (a), referred to in the first par., means section 7(a) of act July 31, 1945, ch. 339, 59 Stat. 514, which generally amended subsec. (c) of section 822a of former Title 31, Money and Finance. Section 822a(c) of former Title 31 was repealed and reenacted as section 5302(d) of Title 31 by Pub. L. 97–258, §4(a), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31.

Codification

In first and second pars., "chapter 31 of title 31" and "that chapter" substituted for "the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended" and "that Act", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

Section is based on subsecs. (b) to (d) of section 7 of act July 31, 1945. Subsec. (a) of section 7 amended section 822a of former Title 31. See References in Text note above.

Amendments

1962—Pub. L. 87–490 included in the limitation of face amount of special notes issued to the Fund the dollar equivalent of currencies and gold which the United States shall have purchased from the Fund in accordance with the Articles of Agreement.

1959—Pub. L. 86–48 struck out "of $950,000,000" after "is authorized to pay the balance", and substituted "$8,675,000,000" for "not to exceed $4,125,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Increase in Quota of United States; Appropriation Requirements; Transfers and Credits; Restrictions

Pub. L. 96–544, Dec. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 3213, provided that: "For an increase in the United States quota in the International Monetary Fund, the dollar equivalent of 4,202.5 million Special Drawing Rights (approximately $5,537,839,000), to remain available until expended, and balances equivalent to the current SDR value of the United States quota in the Fund shall be merged with this appropriation. Amounts equivalent to the United States reserve position in the Fund shall be credited to this appropriation. Amounts available in this account may be transferred to the Fund by the Secretary of the Treasury to meet United States obligations in the Fund in an amount not to exceed at any time the United States quota in the Fund. The amounts provided for valuation adjustments of Fund holdings of United States dollars shall continue to be available for this purpose and shall be available for transfers to this appropriation account for the purpose of such adjustments. In the administration of these funds it shall be the policy of the United States:

"(1) that the Palestine Liberation Organization should not be given membership in the Fund or be given observer status or any other official status at any meeting sponsored by or associated with the Fund;

"(2) that the United States Executive Director of the Fund shall promptly notify the Fund of such policy;

"(3) that in the event that the Fund provides either membership, observer status, or any other official status to the Palestine Liberation Organization, such action would result in a serious diminution of United States support; and

"(4) that upon review of such action, the President would be required to report his recommendations to the Congress with regard to any further United States participation in the Fund."
22 U.S.C. § 290m (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XXVIII: NORTH AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND RELATED PROVISIONS / Section 290m: North American Development Bank
North American Development Bank
Status: in_force

(a) Acceptance of membership

The President is hereby authorized to accept membership for the United States in the North American Development Bank (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Bank") provided for in Chapter II of the Border Environment Cooperation Agreement (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Cooperation Agreement").

(b) Subscription of stock

(1) Subscription authority

(A) In general

The Secretary of the Treasury may subscribe on behalf of the United States up to 150,000 shares of the capital stock of the Bank.

(B) Effectiveness of subscription

Except as provided in paragraph (3), any such subscription shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts.

(2) Limitations on authorization of appropriations

For payment by the Secretary of the Treasury of the subscription of the United States for shares described in paragraph (1), there are authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000,000 ($225,000,000 of which may be used for paid-in capital and $1,275,000,000 of which may be used for callable capital) without fiscal year limitation.

(3) Funding; limitation on callable capital subscriptions

(A) Funding

For fiscal year 1995, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the Bank out of any sums in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated the sum of $56,250,000 for the paid-in portion of the United States share of the capital stock of the Bank, 10 percent of which may be transferred by the Bank to the President pursuant to section 290m–2 of this title to pay for the cost of direct and guaranteed Federal loans.

(B) Limitation on callable capital subscriptions

For fiscal year 1995, the Secretary of the Treasury shall subscribe to the callable capital portion of the United States share of the capital stock of the Bank in an amount not to exceed $318,750,000.

(4) Disposition of net income distributed by the facility

Any payment made to the United States by the Bank as a distribution of net income shall be covered into the Treasury as a miscellaneous receipt.

(c) Compensation of Board members

No person shall be entitled to receive any salary or other compensation from the Bank or the United States for services as a Board member.

(d) Applicability of Bretton Woods Agreements Act

The provisions of section 4 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act [22 U.S.C. 286b] shall apply with respect to the Bank to the same extent as with respect to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund.

(e) Restrictions

Unless authorized by law, neither the President nor any person or agency shall, on behalf of the United States—

(1) subscribe to additional shares of stock of the Bank;

(2) vote for or agree to any amendment of the Cooperation Agreement which increases the obligations of the United States, or which changes the purpose or functions of the Bank; or

(3) make a loan or provide other financing to the Bank.

(f) Federal Reserve banks as depositories

Any Federal Reserve bank that is requested to do so by the Bank shall act as its depository or as its fiscal agent, and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall supervise and direct the carrying out of these functions by the Federal Reserve banks.

(g) Jurisdiction of United States courts and enforcement of arbitral awards

For the purpose of any civil action which may be brought within the United States, its territories or possessions, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, by or against the Bank in accordance with the Cooperation Agreement, including an action brought to enforce an arbitral award against the Bank, the Bank shall be deemed to be an inhabitant of the Federal judicial district in which its principal office within the United States or its agency appointed for the purpose of accepting service or notice of service is located, and any such action to which the Bank shall be a party shall be deemed to arise under the laws of the United States, and the district courts of the United States, including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28, shall have original jurisdiction of any such action. When the Bank is a defendant in any action in a State court, it may at any time before trial remove the action into the appropriate district court of the United States by following the procedure for removal provided in section 1446 of title 28.

(h) Exemption from securities laws for certain securities issued by Bank; reports required

(1) Omitted

(2) Exemption from securities laws for certain securities issued by the Bank; reports required

Any securities issued by the Bank (including any guarantee by the Bank, whether or not limited in scope) in connection with the raising of funds for inclusion in the Bank's capital resources as defined in Section 4 of Article II of Chapter II of the Cooperation Agreement, and any securities guaranteed by the Bank as to both the principal and interest to which the commitment in Section 3(d) of Article II of Chapter II of the Cooperation Agreement is expressly applicable, shall be deemed to be exempted securities within the meaning of section 77c(a)(2) of title 15, and section 78c(a)(12) of title 15. The Bank shall file with the Securities and Exchange Commission such annual and other reports with regard to such securities as the Commission shall determine to be appropriate in view of the special character of the Bank and its operations and necessary in the public interest or for the protection of investors.

(3) Authority of Securities and Exchange Commission to suspend exemption; reports to the Congress

The Securities and Exchange Commission, acting in consultation with the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems, is authorized to suspend the provisions of paragraph (2) at any time as to any or all securities issued or guaranteed by the Bank during the period of such suspension. The Commission shall include in its annual reports to Congress such information as it shall deem advisable with regard to the operations and effect of this subsection and in connection therewith shall include any views submitted for such purpose by any association of dealers registered with the Commission.

(Pub. L. 103–182, title V, §541, Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 116–113, title VI, §601, Jan. 29, 2020, 134 Stat. 78; Pub. L. 116–260, div. O, title VI, §601(a)(1), (2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2149.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this part" meaning part 2 of subtitle D of title V of Pub. L. 103–182, which enacted this subchapter and amended section 24 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of part 2 to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 541 of Pub. L. 103–182. Subsec. (h)(1) of section 541 amended section 24 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendments

2020—Pub. L. 116–260, §601(a)(1), (2), provided that section 601 of Pub. L. 116–113 does not apply to this section and revived the provisions of this section as if such section 601 had not been enacted. See below.

Pub. L. 116–113, §601, which repealed this section effective on the date the USMCA entered into force (July 1, 2020), was made inapplicable to this section by section 601(a)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 116–260.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective July 1, 2020, see section 601(h) of div. O of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 81c of Title 19, Customs Duties.
22 U.S.C. § 285u (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIV: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / Section 285u: Additional contribution to special funds
Additional contribution to special funds
Status: in_force

(a) United States share

The United States Governor of the Bank is authorized to contribute on behalf of the United States $378,250,000 to the Asian Development Fund, a special fund of the Bank, except that any commitment to make such contribution shall be made subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations.

(b) Authorization of appropriations; maximum available for certain years

In order to pay for the United States contribution to the Asian Development Fund provided for in this section, there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $378,250,000 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury: Provided, however, That not more than $111,250,000 of such sum may be made available for the fiscal year 1982, and not more than $44,500,000 of such sum may be made available for the fiscal year 1983.

(c) Funding requirements

For the purpose of keeping to a minimum the cost to the United States, the Secretary of the Treasury—

(1) shall pay the United States contribution to the Asian Development Fund authorized by this section by letter of credit in four annual installments; and

(2) shall take the steps necessary to obtain a certification from the Bank that any undisbursed balances resulting from drawdowns on such letter of credit will not exceed at any time the United States share of expected disbursement requirements for the following three-month period.

(Pub. L. 89–369, §24, as added Pub. L. 96–259, title II, §201, June 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 430; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XIII, §1352(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 744.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provision limiting amount of appropriations for fiscal years 1982 and 1983.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Aug. 13, 1981, except that any funds authorized to be appropriated shall not be available for use or obligation prior to Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1372 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 290i of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 811a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 811a: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-236, title I, §162(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-236, title I, §162(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405
Status: repealed

Section, act May 26, 1949, ch. 143, §3, 63 Stat. 111, related to administration of Foreign Service by Secretary of State and to delegation of authority to Secretary of State, with respect to such administration. See section 3921 et seq. of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable with respect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of State when executive orders, regulations, or departmental directives implementing the amendments by sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective, or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier, see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out as an Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note under section 2651a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8421 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 91: ENHANCED PARTNERSHIP WITH PAKISTAN / Subchapter II: SECURITY ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN / Section 8421: Purposes of assistance
Purposes of assistance
Status: in_force

The purposes of assistance under this subchapter are—

(1) to support Pakistan's paramount national security need to fight and win the ongoing counterinsurgency within its borders in accordance with its national security interests;

(2) to work with the Government of Pakistan to improve Pakistan's border security and control and help prevent any Pakistani territory from being used as a base or conduit for terrorist attacks in Pakistan, or elsewhere;

(3) to work in close cooperation with the Government of Pakistan to coordinate action against extremist and terrorist targets; and

(4) to help strengthen the institutions of democratic governance and promote control of military institutions by a democratically elected civilian government.

(Pub. L. 111–73, title II, §201, Oct. 15, 2009, 123 Stat. 2069.)
22 U.S.C. § 2291o (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2291o: Fentanyl reporting and authorities
Fentanyl reporting and authorities
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Appropriate committees of Congress

The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

(C) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(E) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;

(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;

(G) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

(H) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives;

(I) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(J) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

(2) Beneficiary countries

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term "beneficiary countries" means Colombia, Mexico, and Peru.

(B) Updates

The Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Defense, may add or remove one or more countries from the list of beneficiary countries under subparagraph (A) after providing written notification of such changes to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(3) Listed chemical

The term "listed chemical" has the meaning given such term in section 802 of title 21.

(b) Establishment

The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General, may carry out the "Precursor Chemical Destruction Initiative" in beneficiary countries to achieve the purposes described in subsection (c).

(c) Purposes

The purposes of this section are—

(1) to improve and increase rates of seizure and destruction of listed chemicals in beneficiary countries;

(2) to alleviate the backlog of seized listed chemicals and dispose of the hazardous waste generated by illicit drug trafficking in beneficiary countries in an environmentally safe and effective manner;

(3) to ensure that seized listed chemicals are not reintroduced into the illicit drug production stream within beneficiary countries;

(4) to free up storage space for future listed chemical seizures within beneficiary countries; and

(5) to reduce the negative environmental impact of listed chemicals.

(d) Implementation plan

Not later than 90 days after December 23, 2024, the Secretary, in coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit an implementation plan to the appropriate committees of Congress that includes a timeline and stated objectives for actions to be taken in beneficiary countries in support of the Precursor Chemical Destruction Initiative.

(e) Elements

The implementation plan required under subsection (d) shall include—

(1) a multi-year strategy with a timeline, overview of objectives, budgetary projections, and anticipated outcomes for the region and for each beneficiary country;

(2) specific, measurable benchmarks to track the progress of the Precursor Chemical Destruction Initiative towards accomplishing the outcomes referred to in paragraph (1);

(3) a plan for the delineation of the roles to be carried out by the Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense, and any other Federal department or agency in carrying out the Precursor Chemical Destruction Initiative; and

(4) a plan for addressing security and government corruption and providing updates to the appropriate committees of Congress on the results of such efforts.

(f) Annual progress update

Not later than one year after the submission of the implementation plan pursuant to subsection (d), and annually thereafter, the Secretary, in coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a written description of the results achieved by the Precursor Chemical Destruction Initiative, including—

(1) the implementation of the strategy and plans described in subsections (d) and (e);

(2) compliance with, and progress related to, meeting the benchmarks referred to in subsection (e)(2); and

(3) the type and quantity of listed chemicals destroyed by each beneficiary country.

(g) Funding

The Secretary shall use amounts otherwise appropriated for International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement programs managed by the Department to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXVIII, §7807, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2560.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, and also as part of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of "Secretary" and "Department" as used in this section, see section 7002 of Pub. L. 118–159, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2169 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2169: Multilateral, regional, and bilateral programs
Multilateral, regional, and bilateral programs
Status: in_force

(a) Multilateral programs

The Congress recognizes that the planning and administration of development assistance by, or under the sponsorship of the United Nations, multilateral lending institutions, and other multilateral organizations may contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of that assistance through participation of other donors in the development effort, improved coordination of policies and programs, pooling of knowledge, avoidance of duplication of facilities and manpower, and greater encouragement of self-help performance.

(b) Regional programs

It is further the sense of the Congress (1) that where problems or opportunities are common to two or more countries in a region, in such fields as agriculture, education, transportation, communications, power, watershed development, disease control, and establishment of development banks, these countries often can more effectively resolve such problems and exploit such opportunities by joining together in regional organizations or working together on regional programs, (2) that assistance often can be utilized more efficiently in regional programs than in separate country programs, and (3) that to the maximum extent practicable consistent with the purposes of this chapter assistance under this chapter should be furnished so as to encourage less developed countries to cooperate with each other in regional development programs.

(c) Federal funds to multilateral lending institutions and multilateral organizations for loans to foreign countries; increase

It is the sense of the Congress that the President should increase, to the extent practicable, the funds provided by the United States to multilateral lending institutions and multilateral organizations in which the United States participates for use by such institutions and organizations in making loans to foreign countries.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §209, as added Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, §102(e), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 449; amended Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, §101(c), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 21; Pub. L. 94–161, title III, §311(1), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 860; Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title VIII, §804], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–67.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2000—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–429 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "In furtherance of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any funds appropriated under subchapter I of this chapter may be transferred by the President to the International Development Association, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the Asian Development Bank or other multilateral lending institutions and multilateral organizations in which the United States participates for the purpose of providing funds to enable any such institution or organization to make loans to foreign countries."

1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–161 substituted provision for increase of Federal funds to multilateral lending institutions and multilateral organizations for making loans to foreign countries for prior provision for reduction of loans under the bilateral lending programs to attain a total amount not to exceed $100,000,000 not later than June 30, 1975.

1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–226, §101(c)(1), in amending subsec. (a) generally, provided for United Nations sponsorship of development assistance and substituted "may contribute" for "may, in some instances, contribute".

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 92–226, §101(c)(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Establishment of Standard Governing Allocation of Development Assistance for Production and Export of Commodities in Surplus in World Market; Presidential Initiation of International Consultations; Report by President to Congress

Pub. L. 95–481, title VI, §610, Oct. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 1602, provided that: "The President shall initiate wide international consultations beginning with the member nations of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), designed to develop a viable standard governing the allocation of development assistance for the production and export of commodities. Such consultations shall relate to commodities which are in surplus in the world market and if produced for export would cause substantial harm to producers of the same, similar or competing products. Not later than one year after the enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1978] the President shall report to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the Chairmen of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees on the progress made in carrying out this section."

Policy With Respect to Countries Most Seriously Affected by Food Shortages; Presidential Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 93–559, §55(a), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1819, provided that: "The United Nations has designated thirty-two countries as 'Most Seriously Affected' by the current economic crisis. These are countries without the internal food production capability or the foreign exchange availability to secure food to meet their immediate food requirements. The Congress calls upon the President and Secretary of State to take the following actions designed to mobilize appropriate resources to meet the food emergency:

"(1) Review and make appropriate adjustments in the level of programming of our food and fertilizer assistance programs with the aim of increasing to the maximum extent feasible the volume of food and fertilizer available to those countries most seriously affected by current food shortages.

"(2) Call upon all traditional and potential new donors of food, fertilizer, or the means of financing these commodities to immediately increase their participation in efforts to address the emergency food needs of the developing world.

"(3) Make available to these most seriously affected countries the maximum feasible volume of food commodities, with appropriate regard to the current domestic price and supply situations.

"(4) Maintain regular and full consultation with the appropriate committees of the Congress and report to the Congress and the Nation on steps which are being taken to help meet this food emergency. In accordance with this provision, the President shall report to the Congress on a global assessment of food needs for fiscal year 1975, specifying expected food grain deficits and currently planned programming of food assistance, and steps which are being taken to encourage other countries to increase their participation in food assistance or the financing of food assistance. Such report should reach the Congress promptly and should be supplemented quarterly for the remainder of fiscal year 1975.

"(5) The Congress directs that during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, not more than 30 percent of concessional food aid should be allocated to countries other than those which are most seriously affected by current food shortages, unless the President demonstrates to the appropriate Committees of the Congress that the use of such food assistance is solely for humanitarian food purposes.

"(6) The Congress calls upon the President to proceed with the implementation of resolutions and recommendations adopted by the World Food Conference. The Congress believes that it is incumbent upon the United States to take a leading role in assisting in the development of a viable and coherent world food policy which would begin the task of alleviating widespread hunger and suffering prevalent in famine-stricken nations. The President shall report to the Congress within 120 days of enactment of this Act [Dec. 30, 1974] on the implementation of the resolutions and the extent to which the United States is participating in the implementation of resolutions adopted at the World Food Conference."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 925 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter V: APPOINTMENTS AND ASSIGNMENTS / Section 925: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-723, §52(2), Sept. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 847
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-723, §52(2), Sept. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 847
Status: repealed

Section, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, §525, 60 Stat. 1010, authorized Secretary to define active duty period of Reserve officers.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal by Pub. L. 86–723 effective first day of first pay period which begins more than thirty days after Sept. 8, 1960, see Pub. L. 86–723, §56(a), Sept. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 848.
22 U.S.C. § 286ff (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XV: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 286ff: Fund interest rates
Fund interest rates
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the Fund to propose and work for the adoption of Fund policies regarding the rate of remuneration paid on use of member's quota subscriptions and the rate of charges on Fund drawings to bring those rates in line with market rates.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 339, §48, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title VIII, §810], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1274.)
22 U.S.C. § 6324 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 72: NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION PREVENTION / Subchapter II: INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY / Section 6324: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter—

(1) the term "highly enriched uranium" means uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the isotope U–235;

(2) the term "IAEA" means the International Atomic Energy Agency;

(3) the term "near real time material accountancy" means a method of accounting for the location, quantity, and disposition of special fissionable material at facilities that store or process such material, in which verification of peaceful use is continuously achieved by means of frequent physical inventories and the use of in-process instrumentation;

(4) the term "special fissionable material" has the meaning given that term by Article XX(1) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, done at the Headquarters of the United Nations on October 26, 1956;

(5) the term "the Treaty" means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 1968; and

(6) the terms "IAEA safeguards", "non-nuclear-weapon state", "nuclear explosive device", and "special nuclear material" have the meanings given those terms in section 6305 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, §844, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 524.)
22 U.S.C. § 9412 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 101: COUNTERING IRAN'S DESTABILIZING ACTIVITIES / Section 9412: Report and annual briefing on Iranian expenditures supporting foreign military and terrorist activities
Report and annual briefing on Iranian expenditures supporting foreign military and terrorist activities
Status: in_force

(a) Report

(1) Report required

Not later than 90 days after December 20, 2019, the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees a report describing Iranian expenditures in the previous calendar year on military and terrorist activities outside the country, including each of the following:

(A) The amount spent in such calendar year on activities by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, including activities providing support for—

(i) Hizballah;

(ii) Houthi rebels in Yemen;

(iii) Hamas;

(iv) proxy forces in Iraq and Syria; or

(v) any other entity or country the Director determines to be relevant.

(B) The amount spent in such calendar year for ballistic missile research and testing or other activities that the Director determines are destabilizing to the Middle East region.

(2) Form

The report required under subsection (a) 1 shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(b) Annual briefing

Following the submission of the report under subsection (a), the Director shall annually provide a briefing to the congressional intelligence committees on the information described in such subsection.

(Pub. L. 116–92, div. E, title LXVII, §6705, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2224; Pub. L. 118–159, div. F, title LXIX, §6901(a), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2516.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020, and also as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, and not as part of the Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 118–159 struck out ", and not less frequently than once each year thereafter provide a briefing to Congress," after "a report" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Continued Congressional Oversight of Iranian Expenditures Supporting Foreign Military and Terrorist Activities

Pub. L. 118–159, div. F, title LXIV, §6436, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2492, provided that:

"(a) Definition of Appropriate Committees of Congress.—In this section, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(1) the congressional intelligence committees [Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives];

"(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

"(b) Update Required.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an update to the report submitted under section 6705 of the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020 (22 U.S.C. 9412) to reflect current occurrences, circumstances, and expenditures.

"(c) Form.—The update submitted pursuant to subsection (b) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex."

Definitions

"Congressional intelligence committees" means the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, see section 5003 of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 3003 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

1 So in original. Probably should be "paragraph (1)".
22 U.S.C. § 913 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter V: APPOINTMENTS AND ASSIGNMENTS / Section 913: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, §518, 60 Stat. 1008; Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 576, §7, 69 Stat. 537, related to admission to class of career ambassador or career minister.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

Reinstatement of Chiefs of Missions

Act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 959, title XI, §1101, 60 Stat. 1033, which related to reinstatement of chiefs of missions, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1979, 94 Stat. 2159.
22 U.S.C. § 2606 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 36: MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE / Section 2606: Audits of U.S. funds received by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Audits of U.S. funds received by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Status: in_force

(a) Program audits

Funds may not be available to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) under this chapter or any other Act unless provision is made for—

(1) annual program audits to determine the use of UNHCR funds, including the use of such funds by implementing partners; and

(2) such audits are made available through the Department of State for inspection by the Comptroller General of the United States.

(b) First program audit

The first program audit pursuant to subsection (a)(1) shall begin not later than June 1, 1986.

(Pub. L. 87–510, §8, as added Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §113, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 411; amended Pub. L. 101–246, title VII, §701, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1111(a), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 723.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–510, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 121, known as the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962, which enacted this chapter, amended section 1104 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, repealed sections 1925(a), (c), (d), and 1951(c) of this title, enacted a provision set out as a note under section 2601 of this title, and amended a provision set out as a note under section 1182 of Title 8. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2601 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1995—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "The Comptroller General of the United States shall inspect each such audit and submit a report of that inspection to the Congress."

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–246 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "Funds may not be made available to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees under this chapter or any other Act unless by June 1, 1986, the High Commissioner provides for—

"(1) annual program audits by an independent consultant, as selected by the Executive Committee of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to determine the use of such funds, including audits of the use of such funds by private and voluntary organizations; and

"(2) such audits to be made available through the Executive Committee to the Department of State and for inspection by the Comptroller General of the United States."
22 U.S.C. § 4012 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VI: PROMOTION AND RETENTION / Section 4012: Termination of appointments of consular agents and foreign national employees
Termination of appointments of consular agents and foreign national employees
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of State may terminate at any time the appointment of any consular agent in light of the criteria and procedures normally followed in the locality in similar circumstances.

(b) The Secretary may terminate at any time the appointment of any foreign national employee in light of the criteria and procedures normally followed in the locality in similar circumstances.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §613, formerly §612, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2099; renumbered §613, Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §181(a)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 416.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 613 of Pub. L. 96–465 was renumbered section 614 and is classified to section 4013 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 5959 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 68A: COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION WITH STATES OF FORMER SOVIET UNION / Section 5959: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-291, div. A, title XIII, §1351(8)(C), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3607
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-291, div. A, title XIII, §1351(8)(C), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3607
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XIII, §1308], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–341; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XIII, §§1307, 1309, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1256, 1257; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title XIII, §1304(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2672; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §1045(c)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1613; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XIII, §1305, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3474; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIII, §1306(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2560; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(d)(20), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4374; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1066(d), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1589, required reports on activities and assistance under cooperative threat reduction programs.
22 U.S.C. § 9543 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 102: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Subchapter II: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Section 9543: Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia
Coordinating aid and assistance across Europe and Eurasia
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Russian Influence Fund $250,000,000 for fiscal years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023.

(b) Use of funds

Amounts in the Countering Russian Influence Fund shall be used to effectively implement, prioritized in the following order and subject to the availability of funds, the following goals:

(1) To assist in protecting critical infrastructure and electoral mechanisms from cyberattacks in the following countries:

(A) Countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union that the Secretary of State determines—

(i) are vulnerable to influence by the Russian Federation; and

(ii) lack the economic capability to effectively respond to aggression by the Russian Federation without the support of the United States.

(B) Countries that are participating in the enlargement process of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia, Moldova, Kosovo, Serbia, and Ukraine.

(2) To combat corruption, improve the rule of law, and otherwise strengthen independent judiciaries and prosecutors general offices in the countries described in paragraph (1).

(3) To respond to the humanitarian crises and instability caused or aggravated by the invasions and occupations of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation.

(4) To improve participatory legislative processes and legal education, political transparency and competition, and compliance with international obligations in the countries described in paragraph (1).

(5) To build the capacity of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations countering the influence and propaganda of the Russian Federation to combat corruption, prioritize access to truthful information, and operate freely in all regions in the countries described in paragraph (1).

(6) To assist the Secretary of State in executing the functions specified in section 1287(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note) for the purposes of recognizing, understanding, exposing, and countering propaganda and disinformation efforts by foreign governments, in coordination with the relevant regional Assistant Secretary or Assistant Secretaries of the Department of State.

(7) To assist United States agencies that operate under the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State in providing assistance under section 9563 of this title.

(c) Revision of activities for which amounts may be used

The Secretary of State may modify the goals described in subsection (b) if, not later than 15 days before revising such a goal, the Secretary notifies the appropriate congressional committees of the revision.

(d) Implementation

(1) In general

The Secretary of State shall, acting through the Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe and Eurasia (authorized pursuant to section 5461 of this title and section 5812 of this title), and in consultation with the Administrator for the United States Agency for International Development, the Director of the Global Engagement Center of the Department of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, coordinate and carry out activities to achieve the goals described in subsection (b).

(2) Method

Activities to achieve the goals described in subsection (b) shall be carried out through—

(A) initiatives of the United States Government;

(B) Federal grant programs such as the Information Access Fund; or

(C) nongovernmental or international organizations, such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the National Endowment for Democracy, the Black Sea Trust, the Balkan Trust for Democracy, the Prague Civil Society Centre, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, the European Endowment for Democracy, and related organizations.

(3) Report on implementation

(A) In general

Not later than April 1 of each year, the Secretary of State, acting through the Coordinator of United States Assistance to Europe and Eurasia, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the programs and activities carried out to achieve the goals described in subsection (b) during the preceding fiscal year.

(B) Elements

Each report required by subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to each program or activity described in that subparagraph—

(i) the amount of funding for the program or activity;

(ii) the goal described in subsection (b) to which the program or activity relates; and

(iii) an assessment of whether or not the goal was met.

(e) Coordination With global partners

(1) In general

In order to maximize cost efficiency, eliminate duplication, and speed the achievement of the goals described in subsection (b), the Secretary of State shall ensure coordination with—

(A) the European Union and its institutions;

(B) the governments of countries that are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the European Union; and

(C) international organizations and quasi-governmental funding entities that carry out programs and activities that seek to accomplish the goals described in subsection (b).

(2) Report by Secretary of State

Not later than April 1 of each year, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes—

(A) the amount of funding provided to each country referred to in subsection (b) by—

(i) the European Union or its institutions;

(ii) the government of each country that is a member of the European Union or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; and

(iii) international organizations and quasi-governmental funding entities that carry out programs and activities that seek to accomplish the goals described in subsection (b); and

(B) an assessment of whether the funding described in subparagraph (A) is commensurate with funding provided by the United States for those goals.

(f) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to or limit United States foreign assistance not provided using amounts available in the Countering Russian Influence Fund.

(g) Ensuring adequate staffing for governance activities

In order to ensure that the United States Government is properly focused on combating corruption, improving rule of law, and building the capacity of civil society, media, and other nongovernmental organizations in countries described in subsection (b)(1), the Secretary of State shall establish a pilot program for Foreign Service officer positions focused on governance and anticorruption activities in such countries.

(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §254, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XX, §2004(d)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3225.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–94, §2004(d)(2)(A), substituted "fiscal years 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023" for "fiscal years 2018 and 2019".

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 116–94, §2004(d)(2)(B), added par. (7).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
22 U.S.C. § 274 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Section 274: International Council of Scientific Unions and Associated Unions; authorization of annual appropriations for membership
International Council of Scientific Unions and Associated Unions; authorization of annual appropriations for membership
Status: in_force

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of State, in paying the annual share of the United States as an adhering member of the International Council of Scientific Unions and Associated Unions, including the International Astronomical Union, International Union of Chemistry, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, International Union of Mathematics, International Scientific Radio Union, International Union of Physics, and International Geographical Union, and such other international scientific unions as the Secretary of State may designate, such sum as may be necessary for the payment of such annual share, not to exceed $100,000 in any one year.

(Aug. 7, 1935, ch. 454, 49 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 85–627, Aug. 14, 1958, 72 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 89–104, Aug. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 427.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1965—Pub. L. 89–104 substituted "$100,000" for "$65,000".

1958—Pub. L. 85–627 substituted "$65,000" for "$9,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Annual Appropriations

Annual appropriations to meet the obligations of membership in various international organizations were contained in acts listed in a note set out under section 269a of this title.

Annual Appropriations Between 1948 and 1970

Act June 3, 1948, ch. 400, title I, §101, 62 Stat. 305, and subsequent Department of State Appropriation Acts through act Dec. 24, 1969, Pub. L. 91–153, title I, §101, 83 Stat. 404, failed to authorize appropriations for this section. See Annual Appropriations note set out above.
22 U.S.C. § 9522 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 102: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Subchapter I: SANCTIONS AND OTHER MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION / Section 9522: Codification of sanctions relating to the Russian Federation
Codification of sanctions relating to the Russian Federation
Status: in_force

(a) Codification

United States sanctions provided for in Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), and Executive Order No. 13757 (82 Fed. Reg. 1; relating to taking additional steps to address the national emergency with respect to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), as in effect on the day before August 2, 2017, including with respect to all persons sanctioned under such Executive orders, shall remain in effect except as provided in subsection (b).

(b) Termination of certain sanctions

Subject to section 9511 of this title, the President may terminate the application of sanctions described in subsection (a) that are imposed on a person in connection with activity conducted by the person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a notice that—

(1) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and

(2) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions described in subsection (a) in the future.

(c) Application of new cyber sanctions

The President may waive the initial application under subsection (a) of sanctions with respect to a person under Executive Order No. 13694 or 13757 only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—

(1) a written determination that the waiver—

(A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or

(B) will further the enforcement of this chapter; and

(2) a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has made significant efforts to reduce the number and intensity of cyber intrusions conducted by that Government.

(d) Application of new Ukraine-related sanctions

The President may waive the initial application under subsection (a) of sanctions with respect to a person under Executive Order No. 13660, 13661, 13662, or 13685 only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—

(1) a written determination that the waiver—

(A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or

(B) will further the enforcement of this chapter; and

(2) a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation is taking steps to implement the Minsk Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany, the Minsk Protocol, which was agreed to on September 5, 2014, and any successor agreements that are agreed to by the Government of Ukraine.

(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §222, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 906.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order No. 13660, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Ex. Ord. No. 13660, Mar. 6, 2014, 79 F.R. 13493, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13661, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Ex. Ord. No. 13661, Mar. 16, 2014, 79 F.R. 15535, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13662, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Ex. Ord. No. 13662, Mar. 20, 2014, 79 F.R. 16169, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13685, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Ex. Ord. No. 13685, Dec. 19, 2014, 79 F.R. 77357, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13694, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is Ex. Ord. No. 13694, Apr. 1, 2015, 80 F.R. 18077, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13757, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is Ex. Ord. No. 13757, Dec. 28, 2016, 82 F.R. 1. Sections 1 to 3 of the Order amended Ex. Ord. No. 13694, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1)(B) and (d)(1)(B), was in the original "this title", meaning title II of Pub. L. 115–44, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 898, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see section 201 Pub. L. 115–44, set out as a Short Title note under section 9501 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Isolate Russian Government Officials Act of 2022

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LVII, §5704, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3411, provided that:

"(a) Statement of Policy.—It is the policy of the United States to seek to exclude government officials of the Russian Federation, to the maximum extent practicable, from participation in meetings, proceedings, and other activities of the following organizations:

"(1) Group of 20.

"(2) Bank for International Settlements.

"(3) Basel Committee for Banking Standards.

"(4) Financial Stability Board.

"(5) International Association of Insurance Supervisors.

"(6) International Organization of Securities Commissions.

"(b) Implementation.—The Secretary of the Treasury, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Securities and Exchange Commission, as the case may be, shall take all necessary steps to advance the policy set forth in subsection (a).

"(c) Termination.—This section shall have no force or effect on the earlier of—

"(1) the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022]; or

"(2) the date that is 30 days after the date on which the President reports to Congress that the Government of the Russian Federation has ceased its destabilizing activities with respect to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine.

"(d) Waiver.—The President may waive the application of this section if the President reports to the Congress that the waiver is in the national interest of the United States and includes an explanation of the reasons therefor."
22 U.S.C. § 14 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 1: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE GENERALLY / Section 14: Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(4), (29), (40)-(50), (53), (59)-(63), 60 Stat. 1035
Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(4), (29), (40)-(50), (53), (59)-(63), 60 Stat. 1035
Status: repealed

Section 14, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §20, formerly §13, 43 Stat. 143; renumbered §20 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1209, related to private secretaries to ambassadors.

Section 15, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §21, formerly §14, 43 Stat. 143; renumbered §21 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1209; May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §9, 59 Stat. 104, related to assignment of officers for duty in Department of State or any other department or agency of the Government.

Section 16, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §21, formerly §14, 43 Stat. 143; renumbered §21 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1209; May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §9, 59 Stat. 104, related to assignment to special details.

Section 17, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §22, formerly §15, 43 Stat. 143; renumbered §22 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1210; Mar. 17, 1941, ch. 20, 55 Stat. 44, related to ordering of personnel to United States on statutory leave.

Section 17a, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §22, as added Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1210, related to leave of absence and sick leave.

Section 18, acts July 1, 1916, ch. 208, 39 Stat. 252; May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §23, formerly §16, 43 Stat. 143; renumbered §23 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1210, related to appointment of Foreign Service officer as counselor of embassy or legation.

Section 19, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §24, formerly §17, 43 Stat. 143; renumbered §24 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1210, related to Foreign Service officers acting as commissioner, chargé d'affaires, etc.

Section 20, R.S. §1685; acts Mar. 2, 1909, ch. 235, 35 Stat. 673; Feb. 5, 1915, ch. 23, §3, 38 Stat. 805; May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §17(25), 43 Stat. 143; Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 364, title I, 43 Stat. 1016; Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1210, related to compensation of officer acting as chargé d'affaires ad interim.

Section 21, acts May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §26, formerly §18, 43 Stat. 144; July 3, 1926, ch. 798, §1, 44 Stat. 902; renumbered §26 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1211; Apr. 24, 1939, ch. 84, §3, 53 Stat. 584; July 19, 1939, ch. 330, 53 Stat. 1067; Aug. 5, 1939, ch. 441, 53 Stat. 1208; Apr. 20, 1940, ch. 118, §1, 54 Stat. 143; Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 859, §4, 54 Stat. 1118; May 13, 1941, ch. 115, §1, 55 Stat. 189, eff. Aug. 1, 1941, related to retirement and disability system.

Section 21a, act July 3, 1926, ch. 798, §2, 44 Stat. 903, related to retirement and disability rights of Chief of Division of Western European Affairs.

Section 22, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §27, formerly §19, 43 Stat. 146; renumbered §27 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1213, related to recall to active duty of retired officers.

Section 23, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §28, formerly §20, 43 Stat. 146; renumbered §28 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1213, related to making other laws applicable to Foreign Service officers.

Section 23a, acts Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §1, 46 Stat. 1207; May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §2, 59 Stat. 102, related to administrative, fiscal, and clerical personnel of Foreign Service.

Section 23b, act Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §2, 46 Stat. 1207, related to appointment to grade of senior clerk.

Section 23c, acts Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §3, 46 Stat. 1207; Apr. 24, 1939, ch. 84, §1, 53 Stat. 583; May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §3, 59 Stat. 102, related to allowances at all posts to clerks to meet excessive costs of living.

Section 23d, act Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §4, 46 Stat. 1207, related to appointment of clerks to serve in a diplomatic mission.

Section 23e, act Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §5, 46 Stat. 1207, related to regulations governing clerks.

Section 23f, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §31, as added Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1214; amended May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §10, 59 Stat. 105, related to Board of Foreign Personnel.

Section 23g, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §31, as added Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1214; amended May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §10, 59 Stat. 105, related to Chief of Division of Foreign Service personnel and Director of Office of Foreign Service.

Section 23h, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §32, as added Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1214; amended July 3, 1946, ch. 539, §5, 60 Stat. 427, related to Division of Foreign Service Personnel, efficiency ratings, etc.

Section 23i, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §33, as added Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1215; amended Apr. 24, 1939, ch. 84, §4, 53 Stat. 588, related to separation of officers from Service, retirement pay, and annuities.

Section 23j, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §34, as added Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1216, related to reduction of salary upon promotion to a higher grade.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective three months after Aug. 13, 1946, see act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1141, 60 Stat. 1040.
22 U.S.C. § 2704 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2704: Subsistence expenses
Subsistence expenses
Status: in_force

The Secretary of State may pay, without regard to section 5702 of title 5, subsistence expenses of (1) special agents of the Department of State who are on authorized protective missions, whether at or away from their duty stations, and (2) members of the Foreign Service and employees of the Department who are required to spend extraordinary amounts of time in travel status. The authorities available to the Secretary of State under this section with respect to the Department of State shall be available to the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development with respect to their respective agencies, except that the authority of clause (2) shall be available with respect to those agencies only in the case of members of the Foreign Service and employees of the agency who are performing security-related functions abroad.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §32, as added Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2201(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2157; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 97–241, title II, §202(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 282; amended Pub. L. 98–533, title III, §303(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2711; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §125(b), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(l)(4), title XIV, §1422(b)(3)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–789, 2681–792; Pub. L. 110–321, §3, Sept. 19, 2008, 122 Stat. 3535.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–321 substituted "on authorized protective missions, whether at or away from their duty stations, and" for "on authorized protective missions, and".

1998—Pub. L. 105–277, §1422(b)(3)(C), substituted "Administrator of the Agency for International Development" for "Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency".

Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(l)(4), substituted "the Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "the Director of the United States Information Agency".

1985—Pub. L. 99–93 substituted "special agents" for "security officers".

1984—Pub. L. 98–533 inserted "The authorities available to the Secretary of State under this section with respect to the Department of State shall be available to the Director of the United States Information Agency and the Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency with respect to their respective agencies, except that the authority of clause (2) shall be available with respect to those agencies only in the case of members of the Foreign Service and employees of the agency who are performing security-related functions abroad."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by section 1335(l)(4) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

Amendment by section 1422(b)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1401 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6561 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as a note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8411 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 91: ENHANCED PARTNERSHIP WITH PAKISTAN / Subchapter I: DEMOCRATIC, ECONOMIC, AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE FOR PAKISTAN / Section 8411: Authorization of assistance
Authorization of assistance
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President is authorized to provide assistance to Pakistan—

(1) to support the consolidation of democratic institutions;

(2) to support the expansion of rule of law, build the capacity of government institutions, and promote respect for internationally-recognized human rights;

(3) to promote economic freedoms and sustainable economic development;

(4) to support investment in people, including those displaced in on-going counterinsurgency operations; and

(5) to strengthen public diplomacy.

(b) Activities supported

Activities that may be supported by assistance under subsection (a) include the following:

(1) To support democratic institutions in Pakistan in order to strengthen civilian rule and long-term stability, including assistance such as—

(A) support for efforts to strengthen Pakistan's institutions, including the capacity of the National Parliament of Pakistan, such as enhancing the capacity of committees to oversee government activities, including national security issues, enhancing the ability of members of parliament to respond to constituents, and supporting of parliamentary leadership;

(B) support for voter education and civil society training as well as appropriate support for political party capacity building and responsiveness to the needs of all the people of Pakistan; and

(C) support for strengthening the capacity of the civilian Government of Pakistan to carry out its responsibilities at the national, provincial, and local levels.

(2) To support Pakistan's efforts to expand rule of law, build the capacity, transparency, and trust in government institutions, and promote internationally recognized human rights, including assistance such as—

(A) supporting the establishment of frameworks that promote government transparency and criminalize corruption in both the government and private sector;

(B) support for police professionalization, including training regarding use of force, human rights, and community policing;

(C) support for independent, efficient, and effective judicial and criminal justice systems, such as case management, training, and efforts to enhance the rule of law to all areas in Pakistan;

(D) support for the implementation of legal and political reforms in the FATA;

(E) support to counter the narcotics trade;

(F) support for internationally recognized human rights, including strengthening civil society and nongovernmental organizations working in the area of internationally recognized human rights, as well as organizations that focus on protection of women and girls, promotion of freedom of religion and religious tolerance, and protection of ethnic or religious minorities; and

(G) support for promotion of a responsible, capable, and independent media.

(3) To support economic freedom and economic development in Pakistan, including—

(A) programs that support sustainable economic growth, including in rural areas, and the sustainable management of natural resources through investments in water resource management systems;

(B) expansion of agricultural and rural development, such as farm-to-market roads, systems to prevent spoilage and waste, and other small-scale infrastructure improvements;

(C) investments in energy, including energy generation and cross-border infrastructure projects with Afghanistan;

(D) employment generation, including increasing investment in infrastructure projects, including construction of roads and the continued development of a national aviation industry and aviation infrastructure, as well as support for small and medium enterprises;

(E) worker rights, including the right to form labor unions and legally enforce provisions safeguarding the rights of workers and local community stakeholders;

(F) access to microfinance for small business establishment and income generation, particularly for women; and

(G) countering radicalization by providing economic, social, educational, and vocational opportunities and life-skills training to at-risk youth.

(4) To support investments in people, particularly women and children, including—

(A) promoting modern, public primary and secondary education and vocational and technical training, including programs to assist in the development of modern, nationwide school curriculums for public, private, and religious schools; support for the proper oversight of all educational institutions, including religious schools, as required by Pakistani law; initiatives to enhance access to education and vocational and technical training for women and girls and to increase women's literacy, with a special emphasis on helping girls stay in school; and construction and maintenance of libraries and public schools;

(B) programs relating to higher education to ensure a breadth and consistency of Pakistani graduates, including through public-private partnerships;

(C) improving quality public health to eliminate diseases such as hepatitis and to reduce maternal and under-five mortality rates;

(D) building capacity for nongovernmental and civil society organizations, particularly organizations with demonstrated experience in delivering services to the people of Pakistan, particularly to women, children, and other vulnerable populations; and

(E) support for refugees and internally displaced persons and long-term development in regions of Pakistan where internal conflict has caused large-scale displacement.

(5) To strengthen public diplomacy to combat militant extremism and promote a better understanding of the United States, including—

(A) encouraging civil society, respected scholars, and other leaders to speak out against militancy and violence; and

(B) expanded exchange activities under the Fulbright Program, the International Visitor Leadership Program, the Youth Exchange and Study Program, and related programs administered by the Department of State designed to promote mutual understanding and interfaith dialogue and expand sister institution programs between United States and Pakistani schools and universities.

(c) Additional and related activities

(1) Availability of amounts for Pakistani police professionalization, equipping, and training

Not less than $150,000,000 of the amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2010 pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 8412 of this title should be made available for assistance to Pakistan under this section for police professionalization, equipping, and training.

(2) Availability of amounts for administrative expenses

Up to $10,000,000 of the amounts appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 8412 of this title may be made available for administrative expenses of civilian departments and agencies of the United States Government in connection with the provision of assistance under this section. Such amounts shall be in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

(3) Utilizing Pakistani organizations

The President is encouraged, as appropriate, to utilize Pakistani firms and community and local nongovernmental organizations in Pakistan, including through host country contracts, and to work with local leaders to provide assistance under this section.

(4) Use of direct expenditures

Amounts appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 8412 of this title or otherwise made available to carry out this section shall be utilized to the maximum extent possible as direct expenditures for projects and programs, subject to existing reporting and notification requirements.

(5) Chief of Mission Fund

Of the amounts appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 8412 of this title, up to $5,000,000 may be used by the Secretary of State to establish a fund for use by the Chief of Mission in Pakistan to provide assistance to Pakistan under this subchapter or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) to address urgent needs or opportunities, consistent with the purposes of this section, or for purposes of humanitarian relief. The fund established pursuant to this paragraph may be referred to as the "Chief of Mission Fund".

(6) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(A) the United States should provide robust assistance to the people of Pakistan who have been displaced as a result of ongoing conflict and violence in Pakistan and support international efforts to coordinate assistance to refugees and internally displaced persons in Pakistan, including by providing support to international and nongovernmental organizations for this purpose;

(B) the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development should support the development objectives of the Refugee Affected and Host Areas (RAHA) Initiative in Pakistan to address livelihoods, health, education, infrastructure development, and environmental restoration in identified parts of the country where Afghan refugees have lived; and

(C) the United States should have a coordinated, strategic communications strategy to engage the people of Pakistan and to help ensure the success of the measures authorized by this subchapter.

(d) Notification

For fiscal years 2010 through 2014, the President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not later than 15 days before obligating any assistance under this section as budgetary support to the Government of Pakistan or any element of the Government of Pakistan and shall include in such notification a description of the purpose and conditions attached to any such budgetary support.

(Pub. L. 111–73, title I, §101, Oct. 15, 2009, 123 Stat. 2064.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (c)(5), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Malala Yousafzai Scholarship

Pub. L. 116–338, Jan. 13, 2021, 134 Stat. 5122, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Malala Yousafzai Scholarship Act'.

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

"Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) In late 2008, Malala Yousafzai began making the case for access to education for women and girls despite objections from the Pakistani Taliban. On October 9, 2012, Malala was shot in the head by Pakistani Taliban on her way home from school.

"(2) In 2013, Malala Yousafzai and her father Ziauddin Yousafzai co-founded the Malala Fund. The Malala Fund works to secure 12 years of free, safe, and quality education for all girls. Completion of a full 12-year cycle of primary and secondary education ensures a pipeline of girls able to pursue higher education.

"(3) On July 12, 2013, Malala delivered a speech before the United Nations General Assembly calling for expanded access to education for women and girls across the globe. She said, '[L]et us wage a glorious struggle against illiteracy, poverty, and terrorism. Let us pick up our books and our pens. They are the most powerful weapons * * *. Education is the only solution.'.

"(4) On October 10, 2014, Malala Yousafzai became the co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for her 'struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education'.

"(5) According to the United Nations 2016 Global Education Monitoring Report, more than 130 million girls worldwide are out of school. 15 million girls of primary-school age will never enter a classroom. As of 2016, at least 500 million adult women across the globe are illiterate.

"(6) According to the World Bank, 'Girls' education is a strategic development priority. Better educated women tend to be healthier, participate more in the formal labor market, earn higher incomes, * * * marry at a later age, and enable better health care and education for their children, should they choose to become mothers. All these factors combined can help lift households, communities, and nations out of poverty.'.

"(7) In 2015, all United Nations Member States, including the United States, adopted quality education, including access to higher education, and gender equality as sustainable development goals to be attained by 2030. One of the education goal targets is to 'ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university'.

"(8) In January 2010, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton stated, 'We will open the doors of education to all citizens, but especially to girls and women * * *. We are doing all of these things because we have seen that when women and girls have the tools to stay healthy and the opportunity to contribute to their families' well-being, they flourish and so do the people around them.[']

"(9) In February 2019, the White House launched the Women's Global Development and Prosperity Initiative to advance women's economic empowerment across the globe and reach more than 100,000 women.

"(10) The World Economic Forum ranks Pakistan the second lowest among all countries in the world evaluated for gender equality. On educational attainment for women, Pakistan is ranked the tenth lowest.

"(11) In Pakistan, the rate of higher education enrollment beyond high school for girls and women is just 9 percent as reported by the World Bank. The global rate is 40 percent. Less than 6 percent of women 25 and older in Pakistan attain a bachelor's degree or equivalent as of 2016.

"(12) Factors such as poverty, early marriage, disability, ethnicity, and religion can contribute to the lack of educational opportunities for women in marginalized communities.

"(13) According to the World Bank, 'Higher education benefits both individuals and society. Economic returns for college graduates are the highest in the entire educational system—an average 17 percent increase in earnings per year of schooling as compared with 10 percent for primary school.'.

"(14) The United States provides critical foreign assistance to Pakistan's education sector to improve access to and the quality of basic and higher education. Since 2010, the United States Agency for International Development (referred to in this Act as 'USAID') has awarded more than 6,000 scholarships for young women to receive higher education in Pakistan.

"(15) The Merit and Needs-Based Scholarship Program administered by USAID awards scholarships to academically talented, financially needy Pakistani students from all regions, including female students from rural areas of the country, to pursue bachelor's or master's degrees at participating Pakistani universities.

"SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

"(a) In General.—It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) every individual should have the opportunity to pursue a full cycle of primary, secondary, and higher education;

"(2) every individual, regardless of gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity, or religion should have the opportunity to pursue an education without fear of discrimination;

"(3) educational exchanges promote institutional linkages between the United States and Pakistan; and

"(4) recipients of scholarships referred to in section 4 should commit to improving their local communities.

"(b) Continued Support for Educational Initiatives in Pakistan.—Congress encourages the Department of State and USAID to continue their support for initiatives led by the Government of Pakistan and civil society that promote education in Pakistan, especially education for women, in accordance with USAID's 2018 Education Policy.

"SEC. 4. MERIT AND NEEDS-BASED SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM.

"(a) In General.—The USAID Administrator shall award at least 50 percent of the number of scholarships under the Merit and Needs-Based Scholarship Program (referred to in this Act as the 'Program') to women for each of the calendar years 2020 through 2022.

"(b) Limitations.—

"(1) Criteria.—The scholarships available under subsection (a) may only be awarded in accordance with other scholarship eligibility criteria already established by USAID.

"(2) Academic disciplines.—Scholarships authorized under subsection (a) shall be awarded for a range of disciplines to improve the employability of graduates and to meet the needs of the scholarship recipients.

"(3) Other scholarships.—The USAID Administrator shall make every effort to award 50 percent of the scholarships available under the Program to Pakistani women.

"(c) Leveraging Investment.—The USAID Administrator shall, to the greatest extent practicable, consult with and leverage investments by the Pakistani private sector and Pakistani diaspora communities in the United States as part of USAID's greater effort to improve the quality of, expand access to, and ensure sustainability of education programs in Pakistan.

"SEC. 5. ANNUAL CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFING.

"(a) In General.—The USAID Administrator shall designate appropriate USAID officials to brief the appropriate congressional committees, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 13, 2021], and annually thereafter for the next 3 years, on the implementation of section 4.

"(b) Contents.—The briefing described in subsection (a) shall include, among other relevant information, for the most recently concluded fiscal year—

"(1) the total number of scholarships that were awarded through the Program, including a breakdown by gender;

"(2) the disciplines of study chosen by the scholarship recipients;

"(3) the percentage of the scholarships that were awarded to students seeking a bachelor's degree or a master's degree, respectively;

"(4) the percentage of scholarship recipients who voluntarily dropped out of school or were involuntarily pushed out of the program for failure to meet program requirements; and

"(5) the percentage of scholarship recipients who dropped out of school due to retaliation for seeking an education, to the extent that such information is available."
22 U.S.C. § 5201 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 61: ANTI-TERRORISM-PLO / Section 5201: Findings; determinations
Findings; determinations
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) Middle East terrorism accounted for 60 percent of total international terrorism in 1985;

(2) the Palestine Liberation Organization (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the "PLO") was directly responsible for the murder of an American citizen on the Achille Lauro cruise liner in 1985, and a member of the PLO's Executive Committee is under indictment in the United States for the murder of that American citizen;

(3) the head of the PLO has been implicated in the murder of a United States Ambassador overseas;

(4) the PLO and its constituent groups have taken credit for, and been implicated in, the murders of dozens of American citizens abroad;

(5) the PLO covenant specifically states that "armed struggle is the only way to liberate Palestine, thus it is an overall strategy, not merely a tactical phase";

(6) the PLO rededicated itself to the "continuing struggle in all its armed forms" at the Palestine National Council meeting in April 1987; and

(7) the Attorney General has stated that "various elements of the Palestine Liberation Organization and its allies and affiliates are in the thick of international terror".

(b) Determinations

Therefore, the Congress determines that the PLO and its affiliates are a terrorist organization and a threat to the interests of the United States, its allies, and to international law and should not benefit from operating in the United States.

(Pub. L. 100–204, title X, §1002, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1406.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date and Termination

Pub. L. 100–204, title X, §1005, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1407, provided that:

"(a) Effective Date.—Provisions of this title [enacting this chapter] shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987].

"(b) Termination.—The provisions of this title shall cease to have effect if the President certifies in writing to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House that the Palestine Liberation Organization, its agents, or constituent groups thereof no longer practice or support terrorist actions anywhere in the world."

Short Title

Pub. L. 100–204, title X, §1001, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1406, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987'."
22 U.S.C. § 6722 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 75: CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION / Subchapter II: INSPECTIONS / Section 6722: Facility agreements
Facility agreements
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of inspections

Inspections by the Technical Secretariat of plants, plant sites, or other facilities or locations for which the United States has a facility agreement with the Organization shall be conducted in accordance with the facility agreement. Any such facility agreement may not in any way limit the right of the owner or operator of the facility to withhold consent to an inspection request.

(b) Types of facility agreements

(1) Schedule 2 facilities

The United States National Authority shall ensure that facility agreements for plants, plant sites, or other facilities or locations that are subject to inspection pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article VI of the Convention are concluded unless the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the facility and the Technical Secretariat agree that such an agreement is not necessary.

(2) Schedule 3 facilities

The United States National Authority shall ensure that facility agreements are concluded for plants, plant sites, or other facilities or locations that are subject to inspection pursuant to paragraph 5 or 6 of Article VI of the Convention if so requested by the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the facility.

(c) Notification requirements

The United States National Authority shall ensure that the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of a facility prior to the development of the agreement relating to that facility is notified and, if the person notified so requests, the person may participate in the preparations for the negotiation of such an agreement. To the maximum extent practicable consistent with the Convention, the owner and the operator, occupant or agent in charge of a facility may observe negotiations of the agreement between the United States and the Organization concerning that facility.

(d) Content of facility agreements

Facility agreements shall—

(1) identify the areas, equipment, computers, records, data, and samples subject to inspection;

(2) describe the procedures for providing notice of an inspection to the owner, occupant, operator, or agent in charge of a facility;

(3) describe the timeframes for inspections; and

(4) detail the areas, equipment, computers, records, data, and samples that are not subject to inspection.

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title III, §302, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–872.)
22 U.S.C. § 3778 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3778: Board of local inspectors
Board of local inspectors
Status: in_force

(a) The President shall provide for the establishment of a Board of Local Inspectors of the Panama Canal Commission which shall perform, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President—

(1) the investigations required by section 3777 of this title; and

(2) such other duties with respect to marine matters as may be assigned by the President.

(b) In conducting any investigation pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the Board of Local Inspectors established pursuant to such subsection may summon witnesses, administer oaths, and require the production of books and papers necessary for such investigation.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1418, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 487.)

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions vested in President by this section delegated to Secretary of Defense, see section 1–303 of Ex. Ord. No. 12215, May 27, 1980, 45 F.R. 36044, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 279c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter VI: UNITED NATIONS FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION / Section 279c: Congressional authority necessary for acceptance of new obligations in Organization
Congressional authority necessary for acceptance of new obligations in Organization
Status: in_force

Unless Congress by law authorizes such action, neither the President nor any person or agency shall on behalf of the United States accept any amendment under paragraph 1 of article XX of the Constitution of the Organization involving any new obligation for the United States.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 342, §4, 59 Stat. 530.)
22 U.S.C. § 4204 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XIV: POWERS, DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OF CONSULAR OFFICERS GENERALLY / Section 4204: Restriction as to certificate for goods from countries adjacent to United States
Restriction as to certificate for goods from countries adjacent to United States
Status: in_force

No consular officer of the United States shall grant a certificate for goods, wares, or merchandise shipped from countries adjacent to the United States which have passed a consulate after purchase for shipment.

(R.S. §1717.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §1717 derived from act Feb. 22, 1873, ch. 184, §3, 17 Stat. 474.

Section was not enacted as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 1184 of this title, and prior thereto to section 87 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4136 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XI: GRIEVANCES / Section 4136: Foreign Service Grievance Board procedures
Foreign Service Grievance Board procedures
Status: in_force

The Board may adopt regulations concerning its organization and procedures. Such regulations shall include provision for the following:

(1) The Board shall conduct a hearing at the request of a grievant in any case which involves—

(A) disciplinary action or the retirement of a grievant from the Service under section 4007 or 4008 of this title, or

(B) issues which, in the judgment of the Board, can best be resolved by a hearing or presentation of oral argument.

(2) The grievant, the representatives of the grievant, the exclusive representative (if the grievant is a member of the bargaining unit represented by the exclusive representative), and the representatives of the Department are entitled to be present at the hearing. The Board may, after considering the views of the parties and any other individuals connected with the grievance, decide that a hearing should be open to others. Testimony at a hearing shall be given under oath, which any Board member or individual designated by the Board shall have authority to administer.

(3) Each party (including an exclusive representative appearing in the proceedings) shall be entitled to examine and cross-examine witnesses at the hearing or by deposition and to serve interrogatories upon another party and have such interrogatories answered by the other party unless the Board finds such interrogatory irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitive. Upon request of the Board, or upon a request of the grievant deemed relevant and material by the Board, an agency shall promptly make available at the hearing or by deposition any witness under its control, supervision, or responsibility, except that if the Board determines that the presence of such witness at the hearing is required for just resolution of the grievance, then the witness shall be made available at the hearing, with necessary costs and travel expenses paid by the Department.

(4) During any hearing held by the Board, any oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the Board shall exclude any irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious evidence, as determined under section 556 of title 5.

(5) A verbatim transcript shall be made of any hearing and shall be part of the record of proceedings.

(6) In those grievances in which the Board does not hold a hearing, the Board shall afford to each party the opportunity to review and to supplement, by written submissions, the record of proceedings prior to the decision by the Board. The decision of the Board shall be based exclusively on the record of proceedings.

(7) The Board may act by or through panels or individual members designated by the Chairperson, except that hearings within the continental United States shall be held by panels of at least three members unless the parties agree otherwise. References in this subchapter to the Board shall be considered to be references to a panel or member of the Board where appropriate. All members of the Board shall act as impartial individuals in considering grievances.

(8) If the Board determines that the Department is considering the involuntary separation of the grievant (other than an involuntary separation for cause under section 4010(a) of this title), disciplinary action against the grievant, or recovery from the grievant of alleged overpayment of salary, expenses, or allowances, which is related to a grievance pending before the Board and that such action should be suspended, the Department shall suspend such action until the date which is one year after such determination or until the Board has ruled upon the grievance, whichever comes first. The Board shall extend the one-year limitation under the preceding sentence and the Department shall continue to suspend such action, if the Board determines that the agency or the Board is responsible for the delay in the resolution of the grievance. The Board may also extend the 1-year limit if it determines that the delay is due to the complexity of the case, the unavailability of witnesses or to circumstances beyond the control of the agency, the Board or the grievant. Notwithstanding such suspension of action, the head of the agency concerned or a chief of mission or principal officer may exclude the grievant from official premises or from the performance of specified functions when such exclusion is determined in writing to be essential to the functioning of the post or office to which the grievant is assigned.

(9) The Board may reconsider any decision upon presentation of newly discovered or previously unavailable material evidence.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1106, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2145; Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §586(a), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1252; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §143(b), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 668; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §§177(a), 181(a)(4)(B), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 414, 417; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §314(b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1379; Pub. L. 109–140, §5, Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2652.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Par. (8). Pub. L. 109–140 inserted "the involuntary separation of the grievant (other than an involuntary separation for cause under section 4010(a) of this title)," after "considering" and substituted "the grievant, or" for "the grievant or".

2002—Par. (8). Pub. L. 107–228, in first sentence, struck out "the involuntary separation of the grievant," before "disciplinary action" and substituted "grievant or" for "grievant, or", and struck out last sentence which read as follows: "Notwithstanding the first sentence of this paragraph, the Board's authority to suspend such action shall not extend to instances where the Secretary, or his designee, has exercised his authority under subsection (a)(3) of section 4010 of this title or with respect to any action which would delay the separation of an employee pursuant to a reduction in force conducted under section 4010a of this title."

1994—Par. (8). Pub. L. 103–236, §181(a)(4)(B), inserted before period at end "or with respect to any action which would delay the separation of an employee pursuant to a reduction in force conducted under section 4010a of this title".

Pub. L. 103–236, §177(a), substituted "until the date which is one year after such determination or until the Board has ruled upon the grievance, whichever comes first. The Board shall extend the one-year limitation under the preceding sentence and the Department shall continue to suspend such action, if the Board determines that the agency or the Board is responsible for the delay in the resolution of the grievance. The Board may also extend the 1-year limit if it determines that the delay is due to the complexity of the case, the unavailability of witnesses or to circumstances beyond the control of the agency, the Board or the grievant." for "until the Board has ruled upon the grievance."

1991—Par. (8). Pub. L. 102–138 substituted "exercised his authority under subsection (a)(3) of section 4010 of this title" for "determined that there is reasonable cause to believe that a grievant has committed a job-related crime for which a sentence of imprisonment may be imposed and has taken action to suspend the grievant without pay pending a final resolution of the underlying matter".

1989—Par. (8). Pub. L. 101–167 inserted at end "Notwithstanding the first sentence of this paragraph, the Board's authority to suspend such action shall not extend to instances where the Secretary, or his designee, has determined that there is reasonable cause to believe that a grievant has committed a job-related crime for which a sentence of imprisonment may be imposed and has taken action to suspend the grievant without pay pending a final resolution of the underlying matter."
22 U.S.C. § 2799c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter IX: TRANSFER OF CERTAIN CFE TREATY-LIMITED EQUIPMENT TO NATO MEMBERS / Section 2799c: Notifications and reports to Congress
Notifications and reports to Congress
Status: in_force

(a) Notifications

Not less than 15 days before transferring any defense articles pursuant to section 2799b(a) of this title, the President shall notify the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate in accordance with the procedures applicable to reprogramming notifications pursuant to section 2394–1 of this title.

(b) Annual reports

Not later than February 1 each year, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate a report that—

(1) lists all transfers made to each recipient NATO/CFE country by the United States under section 2799b(a) of this title during the preceding calendar year;

(2) describes how those transfers further the purposes described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 2799 of this title; and

(3) lists, on a country-by-country basis, all transfers to another country of conventional armaments and equipment limited by the CFE Treaty—

(A) by each NATO/CFE country (other than the United States) in implementing the CFE Treaty, and

(B) by each country of the Eastern Group of States Parties in implementing the CFE Treaty.

(Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 9, §94, as added Pub. L. 102–228, §2, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1692; amended Pub. L. 103–199, title IV, §402(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2324.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–199 substituted "country of the Eastern Group of States Parties" for "Warsaw Pact country".

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Defense by Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 13, 1992, 57 F.R. 6663, set out as a note under section 2799b of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 13 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 1: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE GENERALLY / Section 13: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §18, formerly §11, 43 Stat. 142; renumbered §18 and amended Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 276, §7, 46 Stat. 1209, which related to receipt of official fees and method of accounting therefor, was transferred to section 4224 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 9006 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 97: INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION REMEDIES / Section 9006: United States Central Authority
United States Central Authority
Status: in_force

(a) Designation

The President shall designate a Federal agency to serve as the Central Authority for the United States under the Convention.

(b) Functions

The functions of the United States Central Authority are those ascribed to the Central Authority by the Convention and this chapter.

(c) Regulatory authority

The United States Central Authority is authorized to issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out its functions under the Convention and this chapter.

(d) Obtaining information from Parent Locator Service

The United States Central Authority may, to the extent authorized by the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], obtain information from the Parent Locator Service.

(e) Grant authority

The United States Central Authority is authorized to make grants to, or enter into contracts or agreements with, any individual, corporation, other Federal, State, or local agency, or private entity or organization in the United States for purposes of accomplishing its responsibilities under the Convention and this chapter.

(f) Limited liability of private entities acting under the direction of the United States Central Authority

(1) Limitation on liability

Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), a private entity or organization that receives a grant from or enters into a contract or agreement with the United States Central Authority under subsection (e) of this section for purposes of assisting the United States Central Authority in carrying out its responsibilities and functions under the Convention and this chapter, including any director, officer, employee, or agent of such entity or organization, shall not be liable in any civil action sounding in tort for damages directly related to the performance of such responsibilities and functions as defined by the regulations issued under subsection (c) of this section that are in effect on October 1, 2004.

(2) Exception for intentional, reckless, or other misconduct

The limitation on liability under paragraph (1) shall not apply in any action in which the plaintiff proves that the private entity, organization, officer, employee, or agent described in paragraph (1), as the case may be, engaged in intentional misconduct or acted, or failed to act, with actual malice, with reckless disregard to a substantial risk of causing injury without legal justification, or for a purpose unrelated to the performance of responsibilities or functions under this chapter.

(3) Exception for ordinary business activities

The limitation on liability under paragraph (1) shall not apply to any alleged act or omission related to an ordinary business activity, such as an activity involving general administration or operations, the use of motor vehicles, or personnel management.

(Pub. L. 100–300, §7, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, title XXII, §2213, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–812; Pub. L. 108–370, §2, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1750.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b), (c), (e), and (f), was in the original "this Act" meaning Pub. L. 100–300, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 437, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 11606 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–370 added subsec. (f).

1998—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–277 added subsec. (e).

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12648. Implementation of Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

Ex. Ord. No. 12648, Aug. 11, 1988, 53 F.R. 30637, provided:

The United States of America deposited its instrument of ratification of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction ("Convention") on April 29, 1988. The Convention entered into force for the United States on July 1, 1988. Article 6 of the Convention imposes upon Contracting States an obligation to designate a "Central Authority" for the purpose of discharging certain specified functions.

In order that the Government of the United States of America may give full and complete effect to the Convention, and pursuant to section 7 of the International Child Abduction Remedies Act, Public Law No. 100–300 (1988) [22 U.S.C. 9006], it is expedient and necessary that I designate a Central Authority within the Executive branch of said Government:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code and section 7 of the International Child Abduction Remedies Act, it is ordered as follows:

Section 1. Designation of Central Authority. The Department of State is hereby designated as the Central Authority of the United States for purposes of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. The Secretary of State is hereby authorized and empowered, in accordance with such regulations as he may prescribe, to perform all lawful acts that may be necessary and proper in order to execute the functions of the Central Authority in a timely and efficient manner.

Ronald Reagan.
22 U.S.C. § 2686a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2686a: Appointment of Special Coordinator for water policy negotiations and water resources policy
Appointment of Special Coordinator for water policy negotiations and water resources policy
Status: in_force

(a) Designation

The Secretary of State shall designate a Special Coordinator—

(1) to coordinate the United States Government response to international water resource disputes and needs;

(2) to represent the United States Government, whenever appropriate, in multilateral fora in discussions concerning access to fresh water; and

(3) to formulate United States policy to assist in the resolution of international problems posed by the lack of fresh water supplies.

(b) Other responsibilities

The individual designated under subsection (a) may carry out the functions of subsection (a) in addition to other assigned responsibilities.

(Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §180, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 682.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Authority of Secretary of State

Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to have and exercise any authority vested by law in any official or office of Department of State and references to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1171 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter X: POWERS, DUTIES, AND LIABILITIES OF CONSULAR OFFICERS GENERALLY / Section 1171: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 1171, R.S. §1689, which related to general application of provisions to consular officers, was transferred to section 4191 of this title.

Section 1172, R.S. §4082, which related to solemnization of marriages, was transferred to section 4192 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Section 1173, R.S. §1707; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §39, 62 Stat. 992, which related to receipt by consuls and vice consuls of protests, was transferred to section 4193 of this title.

Section 1174, R.S. §1708; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §10, 32 Stat. 829, which related to lists and returns of seamen and vessels, etc., was transferred to section 4194 of this title.

Section 1175, R.S. §1709; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 223, 36 Stat. 1083; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §304, 42 Stat. 24; July 12, 1940, ch. 618, 54 Stat. 758, which related to estates of decedents generally and to General Accounting Office as conservator, was transferred to section 4195 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Section 1176, R.S. §1710; July 12, 1940, ch. 618, 54 Stat. 760, which related to notification of death of decedent and transmission of inventory of effects of decedent, was transferred to section 4196 of this title.

Section 1177, R.S. §1711; July 12, 1940, ch. 618, 54 Stat. 760, which related to a consular or diplomatic officer following testamentary directions and assistance to a testamentary appointee, was transferred to section 4197 of this title.

Section 1178, act June 30, 1902, ch. 1331, §1, 32 Stat. 546, which related to execution of a bond as administrator or guardian and to an action on bond, was transferred to section 4198 of this title.

Section 1179, act June 30, 1902, ch. 1331, §2, 32 Stat. 547, which related to penalty for failure to give bond and for embezzlement, was transferred to section 4199 of this title.

Section 1180, R.S. §1715, which related to certification by consular officers of invoices generally, was transferred to section 4200 of this title.

Section 1181, act Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §9, 34 Stat. 101, which related to fees for certification of invoices, was transferred to section 4201 of this title.

Section 1182, R.S. §1716, which related to exaction of excessive fees for verification of invoices and penalty therefor, was transferred to section 4202 of this title.

Section 1183, act Feb. 24, 1903, ch. 753, 32 Stat. 854, which related to destruction of old invoices, was transferred to section 4203 of this title.

Section 1184, R.S. §1717, which provided for a restriction as to a certificate for goods from countries adjacent to United States, was transferred to section 4204 of this title.

Section 1185, R.S. §1718, which related to retention of papers of American vessels until payment of demands and wages, was transferred to section 4205 of this title.

Section 1186, act June 26, 1884, ch. 121, §12, 23 Stat. 56, which related to prohibition of fees for services to American vessels or seamen, was transferred to section 4206 of this title.

Section 1187, R.S. §1719; Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §3, 34 Stat. 100, which related to prohibition of profits from dealings with discharged seamen, was transferred to section 4207 of this title.

Section 1188, R.S. §1722; Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §3, 34 Stat. 100, which related to valuation of foreign coins in payment of fees, was transferred to section 4208 of this title.

Section 1189, R.S. §1723, which related to exaction of excessive fees and a penalty therefor of treble amount, was transferred to section 4209 of this title.

Section 1190, R.S. §1724; Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §3, 34 Stat. 100, which related to liability for uncollected fees, was transferred to section 4210 of this title.

Section 1191, R.S. §1725; July 31, 1894, ch. 174, §5, 28 Stat. 206; Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §3, 34 Stat. 100; June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §304, 42 Stat. 24, which related to returns as to fees by officers compensated by fees, was transferred to section 4211 of this title.

Section 1192, R.S. §§1726, 1727, which related to receipts for fees and numbering of receipts, was transferred to section 4212 of this title.

Section 1193, R.S. §1727, which related to registry of fees, was transferred to section 4213 of this title.

Section 1194, R.S. §1728; June 28, 1955, ch. 196, 69 Stat. 187, which related to accounting of fees and certification of a transcript of register, was transferred to section 4214 of this title.

Section 1195, act Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §7, 34 Stat. 101, which related to notarial acts, oaths, affirmations, affidavits, and depositions and fees therefor, was transferred to section 4215 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1641a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter III: CLAIMS AGAINST BULGARIA, HUNGARY, RUMANIA, ITALY, AND THE SOVIET UNION / Section 1641a: Claims funds
Claims funds
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment; coverage into Treasury; deduction

There are created in the Treasury of the United States five funds to be known as the Bulgarian Claims Fund, the Hungarian Claims Fund, the Rumanian Claims Fund, the Italian Claims Fund, and the Soviet Claims Fund. The Secretary of the Treasury shall cover into each of the Hungarian, Rumanian, and Bulgarian Claims Funds, the funds attributable to the respective country or its nationals covered into the Treasury pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of section 1631a of this title. The Secretary of the Treasury shall cover into the Italian Claims Fund the sum of $5,000,000 paid to the United States by the Government of Italy pursuant to article II of the Memorandum of Understanding. The Secretary shall cover into the Treasury the funds collected by the United States pursuant to the Litvinov Assignment (including postal funds due prior to November 16, 1933, to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics because of money orders certified to that country for payment) and shall cover into the Soviet Claims Fund the funds so covered into the Treasury. The Secretary shall deduct from each claims fund 5 per centum thereof as reimbursement to the Government of the United States for the expenses incurred by the Commission and by the Treasury Department in the administration of this subchapter. Such deduction shall be made before any payment is made out of such fund under section 1641i of this title. All amounts so deducted shall be covered into the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts.

(b) Bulgarian and Rumanian fund

The Secretary of the Treasury shall cover into each of the Bulgarian and Rumanian Claims Funds such sums as may be paid by the Government of the respective country pursuant to the terms of any claims settlement agreement between the Government of the United States and the Government of such country.

(c) Hungarian fund

The Secretary of the Treasury shall cover into the Hungarian Claims Fund, such sums as may be paid to the United States by the Government of Hungary pursuant to the terms of the United States Hungarian Claims Agreement of March 6, 1973.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title III, §302, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §3, 69 Stat. 571; amended Pub. L. 90–421, §1(8), July 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 93–460, §1(1), Oct. 20, 1974, 88 Stat. 1386.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1974—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–460 added subsec. (c).

1968—Pub. L. 90–421 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
22 U.S.C. § 7708 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 84: MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE / Section 7708: Millennium Challenge Compact
Millennium Challenge Compact
Status: in_force

(a) Compact

The Board, acting through the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, may provide assistance for an eligible country only if the country enters into an agreement with the United States, to be known as a "Millennium Challenge Compact", that establishes a multi-year plan for achieving shared development objectives in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Elements

(1) In general

The Compact should take into account the national development strategy of the eligible country and shall contain—

(A) the specific objectives that the country and the United States expect to achieve during the term of the Compact;

(B) the responsibilities of the country and the United States in the achievement of such objectives;

(C) regular benchmarks to measure, where appropriate, progress toward achieving such objectives;

(D) an identification of the intended beneficiaries, disaggregated by income level, gender, and age, to the maximum extent practicable;

(E) a multi-year financial plan, including the estimated amount of contributions by the Corporation and the country and proposed mechanisms to implement the plan and provide oversight, that describes how the requirements of subparagraphs (A) through (D) will be met, including identifying the role of civil society in the achievement of such requirements;

(F) where appropriate, a description of the current and potential participation of other donors in the achievement of such objectives;

(G) a plan to ensure appropriate fiscal accountability for the use of assistance provided under section 7704 of this title;

(H) where appropriate, a process or processes for consideration of solicited proposals under the Compact as well as a process for consideration of unsolicited proposals by the Corporation and national, regional, or local units of government;

(I) a requirement that open, fair, and competitive procedures are used in a transparent manner in the administration of grants or cooperative agreements or the procurement of goods and services for the accomplishment of objectives under the Compact;

(J) the strategy of the eligible country to sustain progress made toward achieving such objectives after expiration of the Compact; and

(K) a description of the role of the United States Agency for International Development in any design, implementation, and monitoring of programs and activities funded under the Compact.

(2) Country contributions

In addition to the elements described in subparagraphs (A) through (K) of paragraph (1), the Compact shall identify a contribution, as appropriate, from the country relative to its national budget, taking into account the prevailing economic conditions, toward meeting the objectives of the Compact. Any such contribution should be in addition to government spending allocated for such purposes in the country's budget for the year immediately preceding the establishment of the Compact and should continue for the duration of the Compact.

(3) Definition

In this subsection, the term "national development strategy" means any strategy to achieve market-driven economic growth and eliminate extreme poverty that has been developed by the government of the country in consultation with a wide variety of civic participation, including nongovernmental organizations, private and voluntary organizations, academia, women's and student organizations, local trade and labor unions, and the business community.

(c) Additional provision relating to prohibition on taxation

In addition to the elements described in subsection (c), each Compact shall contain a provision that states that assistance provided by the United States under the Compact shall be exempt from taxation by the government of the eligible country.

(d) Local input

In entering into a Compact, the United States shall seek to ensure that the government of an eligible country—

(1) takes into account the local-level perspectives of the rural and urban poor, including women, in the eligible country; and

(2) consults with private and voluntary organizations, the business community, and other donors in the eligible country.

(e) Consultation

During any discussions with a country for the purpose of entering into a Compact with the country, officials of the Corporation participating in such discussions shall, at a minimum, consult with appropriate officials of the United States Agency for International Development, particularly with those officials responsible for the appropriate region or country on development issues related to the Compact.

(f) Coordination with other donors

To the maximum extent feasible, activities undertaken to achieve the objectives of the Compact shall be undertaken in coordination with the assistance activities of other donors.

(g) Assistance for development of compact

Notwithstanding subsection (a), the Chief Executive Officer may enter into contracts or make grants for any eligible country for the purpose of facilitating the development and implementation of the Compact between the United States and the country.

(h) Requirement for approval by the Board

Each Compact shall be approved by the Board before the United States enters into the Compact.

(i) Increase or extension of assistance under a Compact

Not later than 15 days after making a determination to increase or extend assistance under a Compact with an eligible country, the Board, acting through the Chief Executive Officer—

(1) shall prepare and transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a written report and justification that contains a detailed summary of the proposed increase in or extension of assistance under the Compact and a copy of the full text of the amendment to the Compact; and

(2) shall publish a detailed summary, full text, and justification of the proposed increase in or extension of assistance under the Compact in the Federal Register and on the Internet website of the Corporation.

(j) Duration of Compact

The duration of a Compact shall not exceed 5 years.

(k) Concurrent Compacts

An eligible country that has entered into and has in effect a Compact under this section may enter into and have in effect at the same time not more than one additional Compact in accordance with the requirements of this chapter if—

(1) one or both of the Compacts are or will be for purposes of regional economic integration, increased regional trade, or cross-border collaborations; and

(2) the Board determines that the country is making considerable and demonstrable progress in implementing the terms of the existing Compact and supplementary agreements thereto.

(l) Subsequent Compacts

An eligible country and the United States may enter into one or more subsequent Compacts in accordance with the requirements of this chapter after the expiration of the existing Compact.

(Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title VI, §609, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 115–167, title II, §204(a), Apr. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1280; Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LI, §5122(c)(2), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2431.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (k), and (l), was in the original "this title", meaning title VI of Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 211, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this title to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7701 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 118–159, §5122(c)(2)(B), struck out "with respect to a lower middle income country described in section 7705(b) of this title," after "paragraph (1),".

Pub. L. 118–159, §5122(c)(2)(A), amended heading generally. Prior to amendment, heading read as follows: "Lower middle income countries".

2018—Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 115–167 struck out first sentence of subsec. (k) which read "An eligible country and the United States may enter into and have in effect only one Compact at any given time under this section.", redesignated the remainder of subsec. (k) as (l), and added a new subsec. (k).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–167, title II, §204(c), Apr. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1280, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 7712 of this title] apply with respect to Compacts entered into between the United States and an eligible country under the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 [22 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.] before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 23, 2018]."
22 U.S.C. § 2602 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 36: MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE / Section 2602: Presidential authorization
Presidential authorization
Status: in_force

(a) Authority of President to make loans, advances, grants, contracts, etc.; authority to use money, funds, property, services, etc.

In carrying out the purpose of this chapter, the President is authorized—

(1) to make loans, advances, and grants to, make and perform agreements and contracts with, or enter into other transactions with, any individual, corporation, or other body of persons, government or government agency, whether within or without the United States, and international and intergovernmental organizations;

(2) to accept and use money, funds, property, and services of any kind made available by gift, devise, bequest, grant, or otherwise for such purposes.

(b) Performance of functions without regard to specified provisions of law

Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the functions authorized under this chapter may be performed without regard to such provisions of law (other than the Renegotiation Act of 1951), as amended, regulating the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts and the expenditure of funds of the United States Government as the President may specify.

(Pub. L. 87–510, §3, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 123.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–510, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 121, known as the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962, which enacted this chapter, amended section 1104 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, repealed sections 1925(a), (c), (d), and 1951(c) of this title, enacted a provision set out as a note under section 2601 of this title, and amended a provision set out as a note under section 1182 of Title 8. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2601 of this title and Tables.

The Renegotiation Act of 1951, as amended, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Mar. 23, 1951, ch. 15, 65 Stat. 7, which was classified principally to section 1211 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to its omission from the Code.
22 U.S.C. § 6412 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter I: DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACTIVITIES / Section 6412: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

(a) Portions of annual Human Rights Reports

The Ambassador at Large shall assist the Secretary of State in preparing those portions of the Human Rights Reports that relate to freedom of religion and freedom from discrimination based on religion and those portions of other information provided Congress under sections 2151n and 2304 of this title that relate to the right to freedom of religion.

(b) Annual Report on International Religious Freedom

(1) Deadline for submission

On May 1 of each year or the first day thereafter on which the appropriate House of Congress is in session, the Secretary of State, with the assistance of the Ambassador at Large, and taking into consideration the recommendations of the Commission, shall prepare and transmit to Congress an Annual Report on International Religious Freedom supplementing the most recent Human Rights Reports by providing additional detailed information with respect to matters involving international religious freedom. Each Annual Report shall contain the following:

(A) Status of religious freedom

A description of the status of religious freedom in each foreign country, including—

(i) trends toward improvement in the respect and protection of the right to religious freedom and trends toward deterioration of such right;

(ii) violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government of that country;

(iii) particularly severe violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government of that country as well as the routine denial of visa applications for religious workers;

(iv) particularly severe violations of religious freedom in that country if such country does not have a functioning government or the government of such country does not control its territory;

(v) the identification of prisoners, to the extent possible, in that country pursuant to section 6417(d) of this title;

(vi) any action taken by the government of that country to censor religious content, communications, or worship activities online, including descriptions of the targeted religious group, the content, communication, or activities censored, and the means used; and

(vii) wherever applicable, an assessment and description of the nature and extent of acts of anti-Semitism and anti-Semitic incitement that occur in that country during the preceding year, including—

(I) acts of physical violence against, or harassment of, Jewish people, acts of violence against, or vandalism of, Jewish community institutions, and instances of propaganda in government and nongovernment media that incite such acts; and

(II) the actions taken by the government of that country to respond to such violence and attacks or to eliminate such propaganda or incitement, to enact and enforce laws relating to the protection of the right to religious freedom of Jewish people, and to promote anti-bias and tolerance education.

(B) Violations of religious freedom

An assessment and description of the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom in each foreign country, including persecution of one religious group by another religious group, religious persecution by governmental and nongovernmental entities, persecution targeted at individuals or particular denominations or entire religions, persecution of lawyers, politicians, or other human rights advocates seeking to defend the rights of members of religious groups or highlight religious freedom violations, prohibitions on ritual animal slaughter or male infant circumcision, the existence of government policies violating religious freedom, including policies that discriminate against particular religious groups or members of such groups, policies that ban or restrict the public manifestation of religious belief and the peaceful involvement of religious groups or their members in the political life of each such foreign country, and the existence of government policies concerning—

(i) limitations or prohibitions on, or lack of availability of, openly conducted, organized religious services outside of the premises of foreign diplomatic missions or consular posts; and

(ii) the forced religious conversion of minor United States citizens who have been abducted or illegally removed from the United States, and the refusal to allow such citizens to be returned to the United States.

(C) United States policies

A detailed description of United States actions, diplomatic and political coordination efforts, and other policies in support of religious freedom in each foreign country engaging in or tolerating violations of religious freedom, including a description of the measures and policies implemented during the preceding 12 months by the United States under titles I, IV, and V of this Act in opposition to violations of religious freedom and in support of international religious freedom.

(D) International agreements in effect

A description of any binding agreement with a foreign government entered into by the United States under section 6441(b) or 6442(c) of this title.

(E) Training and guidelines of Government personnel

A description of—

(i) the training described in section 6472(a) and (b) of this title and section 6473(b) and (c) of this title on violations of religious freedom provided to immigration judges and consular, refugee, immigration, and asylum officers; and

(ii) the development and implementation of the guidelines described in sections 6472(c) and 6473(a) of this title.

(F) Executive Summary

An Executive Summary to the Annual Report highlighting the status of religious freedom in certain foreign countries and including the following:

(i) Countries in which the United States is actively promoting religious freedom

An identification of foreign countries in which the United States is actively promoting religious freedom. This section of the report shall include a description of United States actions taken to promote the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion and oppose violations of such right under title IV and title V of this Act during the period covered by the Annual Report. Any country designated as a country of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442(b)(1)(A)(ii) of this title shall be included in this section of the report. Any country in which a non-state actor designated as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442a of this title is located shall be included in this section of the report.

(ii) Countries of significant improvement in religious freedom

An identification of foreign countries the governments of which have demonstrated significant improvement in the protection and promotion of the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion during the period covered by the Annual Report. This section of the report shall include a description of the nature of the improvement and an analysis of the factors contributing to such improvement, including actions taken by the United States under this chapter.

(G) Anti-Semitism in Europe

In addition to the information required under clause (vii) of subparagraph (A), with respect to each European country in which verbal or physical threats or attacks are particularly significant against Jewish persons, places of worship, schools, cemeteries, and other religious institutions, a description of—

(i) the security challenges and needs of European Jewish communities and European law enforcement agencies in such countries to better protect such communities;

(ii) to the extent practicable, the efforts of the United States Government over the reporting period to partner with European law enforcement agencies and civil society groups regarding the sharing of information and best practices to combat anti-Semitic incidents in Europe;

(iii) European educational programming and public awareness initiatives that aim to collaborate on educational curricula and campaigns that impart shared values of pluralism and tolerance, and showcase the positive contributions of Jews in culture, scholarship, science, and art, with special attention to those segments of the population that exhibit a high degree of anti-Semitic animus; and

(iv) efforts by European governments to adopt and apply a working definition of anti-Semitism.

(2) Classified addendum

If the Secretary of State determines that it is in the national security interests of the United States or is necessary for the safety of individuals to be identified in the Annual Report or is necessary to further the purposes of this chapter, any information required by paragraph (1), including measures or actions taken by the United States, may be summarized in the Annual Report or the Executive Summary and submitted in more detail in a classified addendum to the Annual Report or the Executive Summary.

(c) Preparation of reports regarding violations of religious freedom

(1) Standards and investigations

The Secretary of State shall ensure that United States missions abroad maintain a consistent reporting standard and thoroughly investigate reports of violations of the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion.

(2) Contacts with nongovernmental organizations

In compiling data and assessing the respect of the right to religious freedom for the Human Rights Reports, the Annual Report on International Religious Freedom, and the Executive Summary, United States mission personnel shall, as appropriate, seek out and maintain contacts with religious and human rights nongovernmental organizations, with the consent of those organizations, including receiving reports and updates from such organizations and, when appropriate, investigating such reports.

(Pub. L. 105–292, title I, §102, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, §681(a), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1408; Pub. L. 108–332, §6(b), Oct. 16, 2004, 118 Stat. 1285; Pub. L. 114–281, title I, §102(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1429; Pub. L. 115–434, §4, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5528.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Titles I, IV, and V of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), (F)(i), are titles I, IV, and V of Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2791, 2800, 2811. Titles I and IV are classified principally to this subchapter (§6411 et seq.) and subchapter III (§6441 et seq.) of this chapter, respectively. Title V amended sections 2151n, 2452, 3965, 4013, and 6202 of this title and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 2151n of this title. For complete classification of titles I, IV, and V to the Code, see Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(F)(ii), (2), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, known as the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 102 of Pub. L. 105–292. Subsec. (d) of section 102 of Pub. L. 105–292 amended sections 2151n and 2304 of this title.

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 115–434 added subpar. (G).

2016—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–281, §102(a)(1), substituted "May 1" for "September 1" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 114–281, §102(a)(2)(A), substituted "as well as the routine denial of visa applications for religious workers;" for "; and".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iv) to (vii). Pub. L. 114–281, §102(a)(2)(B), (C), added cls. (iv) to (vi) and redesignated former cl. (iv) as (vii).

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–281, §102(a)(3), in introductory provisions, inserted "persecution of lawyers, politicians, or other human rights advocates seeking to defend the rights of members of religious groups or highlight religious freedom violations, prohibitions on ritual animal slaughter or male infant circumcision," after "entire religions," and "policies that ban or restrict the public manifestation of religious belief and the peaceful involvement of religious groups or their members in the political life of each such foreign country," after "such groups,".

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–281, §102(a)(4), substituted "A detailed description of United States actions, diplomatic and political coordination efforts, and other" for "A description of United States actions and".

Subsec. (b)(1)(F)(i). Pub. L. 114–281, §102(a)(5), substituted "section 6442(b)(1)(A)(ii) of this title" for "section 6442(b)(1) of this title" and inserted at end "Any country in which a non-state actor designated as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442a of this title is located shall be included in this section of the report."

2004—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 108–332 added cl. (iv).

2002—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted "including policies that discriminate against particular religious groups or members of such groups," after "the existence of government policies violating religious freedom,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–332 applicable beginning with the first report under sections 2151n(d), 2304(b), and 6412(b) of this title submitted more than 180 days after Oct. 16, 2004, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 108–332, set out as a note under section 2151n of this title.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Findings

Pub. L. 115–434, §2, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5526, provided that: "Congress finds the following:

"(1) During the past decade, there has been a steady increase in anti-Semitic incidents in Europe, resulting in European Jews being the targets of physical and verbal harassment and even lethal terrorist attacks, all of which has eroded personal and communal security and the quality of daily Jewish life.

"(2) According to reporting by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), between 2005 and 2014, anti-Semitic incidents increased in France from 508 to 851; in Germany from 60 to 173; in Belgium from 58 to 130; in Italy from 49 to 86; and in the United Kingdom from 459 to 1,168.

"(3) Anti-Zionism has at times devolved into anti-Semitic attacks, prompting condemnation from many European leaders, including French Prime Minister Manuel Valls, British Prime Minister David Cameron, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

"(4) Since 2010, the Department of State has adhered to the working definition of Anti-Semitism by the European Monitoring Center on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC). Some contemporary examples of anti-Semitism include the following:

"(A) Calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews (often in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion).

"(B) Making mendacious, dehumanizing, demonizing, or stereotypical allegations about Jews as such, or the power of Jews as a collective, especially, but not exclusively, the myth about a world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government, or other societal institutions.

"(C) Accusing Jews as a people of being responsible for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, the State of Israel, or even for acts committed by non-Jews.

"(D) Accusing the Jews as a people, or Israel as a state, of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust.

"(E) Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or to the alleged priorities of Jews worldwide, than to the interest of their own countries.

"(5) On October 16, 2004, the President signed into law the Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note set out under section 2651 of this title]. This law provides the legal foundation for a reporting requirement provided by the Department of State annually on anti-Semitism around the world.

"(6) In November 2015, the House of Representatives passed H. Res. 354 by a vote of 418–0, urging the Secretary of State to continue robust United States reporting on anti-Semitism by the Department of State and the Special Envoy to Combat and Monitor Anti-Semitism.

"(7) In 2016, the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA), comprised of 31 member countries, adopted a working definition of anti-Semitism which stated: 'Anti-Semitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of anti-Semitism are directed toward Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.'.

"(8) The IHRA further clarified that manifestations of anti-Semitism might also target the State of Israel, conceived of as a Jewish collectivity. Anti-Semitism frequently charges Jews with conspiring to harm humanity, and it is often used to blame Jews for 'why things go wrong'. It is expressed in speech, writing, visual forms, and action, and employs sinister stereotypes and negative character traits."
22 U.S.C. § 868 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IV: PERSONNEL CATEGORIES AND SALARIES / Section 868: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section 868, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §413, 60 Stat. 1003; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1177, 68 Stat. 1051; Apr. 5, 1955, ch. 23, §2, 69 Stat. 24, related to appointive salaries.

Section 869, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §414, 60 Stat. 1003; July 28, 1956, ch. 770, §4, 70 Stat. 704, related to classes and rate of salaries of Reserve officers.

Section 870, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §415, 60 Stat. 1003; July 6, 1949, ch. 300, §1(a), 63 Stat. 407; June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §6(a)(3), 72 Stat. 212; July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, title I, §113(c), 74 Stat. 300; Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §903, 76 Stat. 862; Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, title I, §120, 78 Stat. 411; Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, §8(b), 79 Stat. 1118; July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, title I, §106(b), 80 Stat. 292; Dec. 16, 1967, Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §209(b), 81 Stat. 632; Ex. Ord. No. 11413, June 11, 1968, 33 F.R. 8641; Ex. Ord. No. 11474, June 16, 1969, 34 F.R. 9605; Ex. Ord. No. 11524, Apr. 15, 1970, 35 F.R. 6247; Ex. Ord. No. 11576, Jan. 8, 1971, 36 F.R. 347; Ex. Ord. No. 11637, Dec. 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 24911; Ex. Ord. No. 11691, Dec. 15, 1972, 37 F.R. 27607; Ex. Ord. No. 11739, Oct. 3, 1973, 38 F.R. 27581; Ex. Ord. No. 11811, Oct. 7, 1974, 39 F.R. 3602; Ex. Ord. No. 11883, Oct. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 47091; Ex. Ord. No. 11941, Oct. 1, 1976, 41 F.R. 43889; Ex. Ord. No. 12010, Sept. 28, 1977, 42 F.R. 52365; Ex. Ord. No. 12087, Oct. 7, 1978, 43 F.R. 46823; Ex. Ord. No. 12165, Oct. 9, 1979, 44 F.R. 58671; Ex. Ord. No. 12200, Mar. 12, 1980, 45 F.R. 16443; Ex. Ord. No. 12248, Oct. 16, 1980, 45 F.R. 69199, related to classes of staff officers and employees, and employees recruited abroad, and table relating to per annum salaries.

Section 871, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §416, 60 Stat. 1004; Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–723, §2, 74 Stat. 831, related to appointive salaries of staff officers.

Section 872, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §417, 60 Stat. 1004; Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–723, §3, 74 Stat. 731, related to salary and compensation of alien clerks.

Section 873, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §418, 60 Stat. 1004, related to salary or compensation of consular agents.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2356 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2356: Patents and technical information
Patents and technical information
Status: in_force

(a) Practice of invention or disclosure of information; suits against United States for reasonable compensation; jurisdiction; limitation of action; defenses

Whenever, in connection with the furnishing of assistance under this chapter—

(1) an invention or discovery covered by a patent issued by the United States Government is practiced within the United States without the authorization of the owner, or

(2) information, which is (A) protected by law, and (B) held by the United States Government subject to restrictions imposed by the owner, is disclosed by the United States Government or any of its officers, employees, or agents in violation of such restrictions,

the exclusive remedy of the owner, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, is to sue the United States Government for reasonable and entire compensation for such practice or disclosure in the district court of the United States for the district in which such owner is a resident, or in the United States Court of Federal Claims, within six years after the cause of action arises. Any period during which the United States Government is in possession of a written claim under subsection (b) of this section before mailing a notice of denial of that claim does not count in computing the six years. In any such suit, the United States Government may plead any defense that may be pleaded by a private person in such an action. The last paragraph of section 1498(a) of title 28 shall apply to inventions and information covered by this section.

(b) Settlement of claims

Before suit against the United States Government has been instituted, the head of the agency of the United States Government concerned may settle and pay any claim arising under the circumstances described in subsection (a) of this section. No claim may be paid under this subsection unless the amount tendered is accepted by the claimant in full satisfaction.

(c) Drug products manufactured outside the United States

Funds appropriated pursuant to this chapter shall not be expended by the United States Government for the acquisition of any drug product or pharmaceutical product manufactured outside the United States if the manufacture of such drug product or pharmaceutical product in the United States would involve the use of, or be covered by, an unexpired patent of the United States which has not previously been held invalid by an unappealed or unappealable judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, unless such manufacture is expressly authorized by the owner of such patent.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §606, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §160(a)(6), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

1982—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–164 substituted "United States Claims Court" for "Court of Claims".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
22 U.S.C. § 4401 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 54: PRIVATE ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: THE ASIA FOUNDATION / Section 4401: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that—

(1) The Asia Foundation, a private nonprofit corporation incorporated in 1954 in the State of California, has long been active in promoting Asian-American friendship and cooperation and in lending encouragement and assistance to Asians in their own efforts to develop more open, more just, and more democratic societies;

(2) The Asia Foundation's commitment to strengthening indigenous Asian institutions which further stable national development, constructive social change, equitable economic growth, and cooperative international relationships is fully consistent with and supportive of long-term United States interests in Asia;

(3) The Asia Foundation, as a private organization, is able to conduct programs in response to Asian initiatives that would be difficult or impossible for an official United States instrumentality, and it is in a position in Asia to respond quickly and flexibly to meet new opportunities;

(4) in recognition of the valuable contributions of The Asia Foundation to long-range United States foreign policy interests, the United States Government has, through a variety of agencies, provided financial support for The Asia Foundation; and

(5) it is in the interest of the United States, and the further strengthening of Asian-American friendship and cooperation, to establish a more permanent mechanism for United States Government financial support for the ongoing activities of The Asia Foundation, while preserving the independent character of the Foundation.

(Pub. L. 98–164, title IV, §402, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1038.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 98–164, title IV, §401, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1038, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as 'The Asia Foundation Act'."

For short title of title V of Pub. L. 98–164, which enacted subchapter II of this chapter, as the "National Endowment for Democracy Act", see section 501 of Pub. L. 98–164, set out as a Short Title note under section 4411 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6038 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 69A: CUBAN LIBERTY AND DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY (LIBERTAD) / Subchapter I: STRENGTHENING INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST THE CASTRO GOVERNMENT / Section 6038: Reports on commerce with, and assistance to, Cuba from other foreign countries
Reports on commerce with, and assistance to, Cuba from other foreign countries
Status: in_force

(a) Reports required

Not later than 90 days after March 12, 1996, and by January 1 of each year thereafter until the President submits a determination under section 6063(c)(1) of this title, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees on commerce with, and assistance to, Cuba from other foreign countries during the preceding 12-month period.

(b) Contents of reports

Each report required by subsection (a) shall, for the period covered by the report, contain the following, to the extent such information is available:

(1) A description of all bilateral assistance provided to Cuba by other foreign countries, including humanitarian assistance.

(2) A description of Cuba's commerce with foreign countries, including an identification of Cuba's trading partners and the extent of such trade.

(3) A description of the joint ventures completed, or under consideration, by foreign nationals and business firms involving facilities in Cuba, including an identification of the location of the facilities involved and a description of the terms of agreement of the joint ventures and the names of the parties that are involved.

(4) A determination as to whether or not any of the facilities described in paragraph (3) is the subject of a claim against Cuba by a United States national.

(5) A determination of the amount of debt of the Cuban Government that is owed to each foreign country, including—

(A) the amount of debt exchanged, forgiven, or reduced under the terms of each investment or operation in Cuba involving foreign nationals; and

(B) the amount of debt owed the foreign country that has been exchanged, forgiven, or reduced in return for a grant by the Cuban Government of an equity interest in a property, investment, or operation of the Cuban Government or of a Cuban national.

(6) A description of the steps taken to assure that raw materials and semifinished or finished goods produced by facilities in Cuba involving foreign nationals do not enter the United States market, either directly or through third countries or parties.

(7) An identification of countries that purchase, or have purchased, arms or military supplies from Cuba or that otherwise have entered into agreements with Cuba that have a military application, including—

(A) a description of the military supplies, equipment, or other material sold, bartered, or exchanged between Cuba and such countries,

(B) a listing of the goods, services, credits, or other consideration received by Cuba in exchange for military supplies, equipment, or material, and

(C) the terms or conditions of any such agreement.

(Pub. L. 104–114, title I, §108, Mar. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 798.)

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of congressional reporting functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13313, July 31, 2003, 68 F.R. 46075, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.
22 U.S.C. § 3224 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION / Subchapter I: UNITED STATES INITIATIVES TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE NUCLEAR FUEL SUPPLY / Section 3224: Reevaluation of nuclear fuel cycle
Reevaluation of nuclear fuel cycle
Status: in_force

The President shall take immediate initiatives to invite all nuclear supplier and recipient nations to reevaluate all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle, with emphasis on alternatives to an economy based on the separation of pure plutonium or the presence of high enriched uranium, methods to deal with spent fuel storage, and methods to improve the safeguards for existing nuclear technology. The President shall, in the first report required by section 3281 of this title, detail the progress of such international reevaluation.

(Pub. L. 95–242, title I, §105, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 123.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Mar. 10, 1978, except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Secretary of State responsible for performing functions vested in President under this section, see section 2(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 12058, May 11, 1978, 43 F.R. 20947, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.