31 U.S.C. § 5335 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 53 / Subchapter II / Section 5335: Prohibition on concealment of the source of assets in monetary transactions
Prohibition on concealment of the source of assets in monetary transactions
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of Monetary Transaction.—In this section, the term the term "monetary transaction"—

(1) means the deposit, withdrawal, transfer, or exchange, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, of funds or a monetary instrument (as defined in section 1956(c)(5) of title 18) by, through, or to a financial institution (as defined in section 1956(c)(6) of title 18);

(2) includes any transaction that would be a financial transaction under section 1956(c)(4)(B) of title 18; and

(3) does not include any transaction necessary to preserve the right to representation of a person as guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

(b) Prohibition.—No person shall knowingly conceal, falsify, or misrepresent, or attempt to conceal, falsify, or misrepresent, from or to a financial institution, a material fact concerning the ownership or control of assets involved in a monetary transaction if—

(1) the person or entity who owns or controls the assets is a senior foreign political figure, or any immediate family member or close associate of a senior foreign political figure, as set forth in this title or the regulations promulgated under this title; and

(2) the aggregate value of the assets involved in 1 or more monetary transactions is not less than $1,000,000.

(c) Source of Funds.—No person shall knowingly conceal, falsify, or misrepresent, or attempt to conceal, falsify, or misrepresent, from or to a financial institution, a material fact concerning the source of funds in a monetary transaction that—

(1) involves an entity found to be a primary money laundering concern under section 5318A or the regulations promulgated under this title; and

(2) violates the prohibitions or conditions prescribed under section 5318A(b)(5) or the regulations promulgated under this title.

(d) Penalties.—A person convicted of an offense under subsection (b) or (c), or a conspiracy to commit an offense under subsection (b) or (c), shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years, fined not more than $1,000,000, or both.

(e) Forfeiture.—

(1) Criminal forfeiture.—

(A) In general.—The court, in imposing a sentence under subsection (d), shall order that the defendant forfeit to the United States any property involved in the offense and any property traceable thereto.

(B) Procedure.—The seizure, restraint, and forfeiture of property under this paragraph shall be governed by section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853).

(2) Civil forfeiture.—

(A) In general.—Any property involved in a violation of subsection (b) or (c), or a conspiracy to commit a violation of subsection (b) or (c), and any property traceable thereto may be seized and forfeited to the United States.

(B) Procedure.—Seizures and forfeitures under this paragraph shall be governed by the provisions of chapter 46 of title 18 relating to civil forfeitures, except that such duties, under the customs laws described in section 981(d) of title 18, given to the Secretary of the Treasury shall be performed by such officers, agents, and other persons as may be designated for that purpose by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. F, title LXIII, §6313(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4596.)
31 U.S.C. § 6302 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 63 / Section 6302: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter—

(1) "executive agency" does not include a mixed-ownership Government corporation.

(2) "grant agreement" and "cooperative agreement" do not include an agreement under which is provided only—

(A) direct United States Government cash assistance to an individual;

(B) a subsidy;

(C) a loan;

(D) a loan guarantee; or

(E) insurance.

(3) "local government" means a unit of government in a State, a local public authority, a special district, an intrastate district, a council of governments, a sponsor group representative organization, an interstate entity, or another instrumentality of a local government.

(4) "other recipient" means a person or recipient (except a State or local government) authorized to receive United States Government assistance or procurement contracts and includes a charitable or educational institution.

(5) "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, a territory or possession of the United States, an agency or instrumentality of a State, and a multi-State, regional, or interstate entity having governmental duties and powers.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1003.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

6302(1)
41:502(4).
Feb. 3, 1978, Pub. L. 95–224, §3, 92 Stat. 4.

6302(2)
41:502(5).

6302(3)
41:502(2).

6302(4)
41:502(3).

6302(5)
41:502(1).

Clause (3) restates the source provisions because of the definition of "executive agency" in section 102 of the revised title. The words "a county, municipality, city, town, township" are omitted as being included in "a unit of government in a State".

In clause (5), the words "the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico" are omitted as being included in "territory or possession of the United States" and as unnecessary because of 48:734. The words "duties and powers" are substituted for "functions" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
31 U.S.C. § 9503 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 95 / Section 9503: Reports about Government pension plans
Reports about Government pension plans
Status: in_force

[(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, §1501(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.]

(b) This chapter does not prevent a Government pension plan from using the services of an enrolled actuary employed by an agency administering the plan.

(c) The requirements of this section are satisfied with respect to the Thrift Savings Plan described under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, by preparation and transmission of the report described under section 8439(b) of such title.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2081, Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 729; Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, §1501(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

9503(a)
31:68a(a), (b).
Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, 64 Stat. 832, §121; added Nov. 4, 1978, Pub. L. 95–595, §1, 92 Stat. 2541.

9503(b)
31:68a(c).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any administrative determination to the contrary . . . Federal" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "and each plan described in section 68c(b) of this title" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. In clause (1), before subclause (A), the words "required by such section" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. In subclause (A), the word "information" is substituted for "information and data" because it is inclusive and for consistency. In clause (4), the words "and shall not supersede" are omitted as surplus. In clause (5), the words "the Comptroller General deems" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "under section 1023 of title 29" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.

In subsection (b), the words "This chapter does not prevent" are substituted for "Nothing in this chapter shall preclude" for clarity. The words "or agencies" are omitted as unnecessary because of 1:1.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–362 struck out subsec. (a) which required Government pension plans to be subject to 29 U.S.C. 1023, except for officers or employees of the Central Intelligence Agency unless the President specifically approves application of the requirements of section 1023 in writing for such officers and employees.

1995—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–66 added subsec. (c).

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12177. Delegation of Functions to Director of Office of Management and Budget and Secretary of the Treasury

Ex. Ord. No. 12177, Dec. 10, 1979, 44 F.R. 71805, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 121(a)(1) of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, as amended (92 Stat. 2541, Public Law 95–595, 31 U.S.C. 68a) [31 U.S.C. 9503] and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and in order to provide consistency among the financial and actuarial statements of Federal Government pension plans, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–101. All the functions vested in the President by Section 121(a) of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, as amended (31 U.S.C. 68a) [31 U.S.C. 9503], are delegated to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The Director may, from time to time, designate other officers or agencies of the Federal Government to perform any or all of the functions hereby delegated to the Director, subject to such instructions, limitations, and directions as the Director deems appropriate.

1–102. The head of an Executive agency responsible for the administration of any Federal Government pension plan within the meaning of Section 123(a) of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, as amended (31 U.S.C. 68c) [31 U.S.C. 9502(1)], except subsections (a)(9) and (b), shall ensure that the administrators of those plans comply with the form, manner, and time of filing as required by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

1–103. Subject to the provisions of Section 1–101 of this Order, and in the absence of any contrary delegation or direction by the Director, the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to the development of the form and content of the annual reports, shall perform the functions set forth in Section 121(a) of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, as amended (31 U.S.C. 68a) [31 U.S.C. 9503]. In performing this function, the Secretary shall also be responsible for consulting with the Comptroller General.

Jimmy Carter.
31 U.S.C. § 1519 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 15 / Subchapter II / Section 1519: Criminal penalty
Criminal penalty
Status: in_force

An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government knowingly and willfully violating section 1517(a) of this title shall be fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 932.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1519
31:665(i)(1)(words after semicolon related to (h)).
R.S. §3679(i)(1)(words after semicolon related to (h)); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, §4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, §3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, §1211, 64 Stat. 768.

The words "District of Columbia government" are added because of section 9 of the Act of June 26, 1912 (ch. 182, 37 Stat. 184).
31 U.S.C. § 9303 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 93 / Section 9303: Use of eligible obligations instead of surety bonds
Use of eligible obligations instead of surety bonds
Status: in_force

(a) If a person is required under a law of the United States to give a surety bond, the person may give an eligible obligation as security instead of a surety bond. The obligation shall—

(1) be given to the official having authority to approve the surety bond;

(2) as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, have a market value that is equal to or greater than the amount of the required surety bond; and

(3) authorize the official receiving the obligation to collect or sell the obligation if the person defaults on a required condition.

(b)(1) An official receiving an eligible obligation under subsection (a) of this section may deposit it with—

(A) the Secretary of the Treasury;

(B) a Federal reserve bank; or

(C) a depositary designated by the Secretary.

(2) The Secretary, bank, or depositary shall issue a receipt that describes the obligation deposited.

(c) Using an eligible obligation instead of a surety bond for security is the same as using—

(1) a personal or corporate surety bond;

(2) a certified check;

(3) a bank draft;

(4) a post office money order; or

(5) cash.

(d) When security is no longer required, an eligible obligation given instead of a surety bond shall be returned to the person giving the obligation. If a person, supplying labor or material to a contractor defaulting under sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40, files with the United States Government the application and affidavit provided under section 3133(a) of title 40, the Government—

(1) may return to the contractor the eligible obligation given as security (or proceeds of the eligible obligation given) under sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40 only after the 90-day period for bringing a civil action under section 3133(b) of title 40; and

(2) if a civil action is brought in the 90-day period, shall hold the eligible obligation or the proceeds subject to the order of the court having jurisdiction of the action.

(e) This section does not affect the—

(1) priority of a claim of the Government against an eligible obligation given under this section;

(2) right or remedy of the Government for default on an obligation provided under—

(A) sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40; or

(B) this section;

(3) authority of a court over an eligible obligation given as security in a civil action; and

(4) authority of an official of the Government authorized by another law to receive an eligible obligation as security.

(f) To avoid frequent substitution of eligible obligations, the Secretary may prescribe regulations limiting the effect of this section to an eligible obligation maturing more than one year after the date the obligation is given as security.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1046; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(h)(9), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1300; Pub. L. 108–178, §4(f)(2), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 109–351, title IX, §901(b), (c), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 2007.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

9303(a)
6:15(1st sentence).

9303(b)
6:15(3d sentence).

9303(c)
6:15(2d sentence).

9303(d)
6:15(4th, 5th sentences).

9303(e)
6:15(6th, 8th sentences).

9303(f)
6:15(7th, 9th, 11th sentences).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "If a person is required under a law of the United States to give a surety bond, the person may give a Government obligation as security instead of a surety bond" are substituted for "Wherever by the laws of the United States or regulations made pursuant thereto, any person is required to furnish any recognizance, stipulation, bond, guaranty, or undertaking, hereinafter called 'penal bond', with surety or sureties, such person may, in lieu of such surety or sureties, deposit as security . . . United States Liberty bonds or other bonds or notes of the United States" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency. The words "The obligation shall be" are added because of the restatement. Clause (3) is substituted for "together with an agreement authorizing such official to collect or sell such bonds or notes so deposited in case of any default in the performance of any of the conditions or stipulations of such penal bond" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "An official receiving a Government obligation under subsection (a) of this section may deposit it with" are substituted for "The bonds or notes deposited hereunder, and such other United States bonds or notes as may be substituted therefor from time to time as such security, may be deposited with" for clarity and consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. Clause (A) is substituted for "Treasurer of the United States" because of the source provisions restated in section 321(c) of the revised title. In clause (C), the words "duly" and "for that purpose" are omitted as unnecessary.

Subsection (b)(2) is substituted for "which shall issue receipt therefor, describing such bonds or notes so deposited" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency.

In subsection (c), before clause (1), the words "Using a Government obligation instead of a surety bond for security is the same as using" are substituted for "The acceptance of such United States bonds or notes in lieu of surety or sureties required by law shall have the same force and effect as" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency. In clause (1), the word "personal" is substituted for "individual" for consistency.

Subsection (d) is substituted for 6:15(4th, 5th sentences) to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code.

In subsection (e), before clause (1), the words "This section does not" are substituted for "Nothing herein contained shall" for clarity and consistency. The words "or impair" are omitted as being covered by "affect". Clause (1) is substituted for "the bonds or notes deposited" for clarity and consistency. In clause (2), the words "of said penal bond" are omitted because of the restatement. In clause (3), the words "civil action" are substituted for "judicial proceedings" for consistency. In clause (4), the word "official" is substituted for "administrative officer" for consistency.

In subsection (f), the words "in order" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "Government obligations" are substituted for "securities" and for "bonds and notes of the United States" for consistency. The words "the Secretary may prescribe regulations limiting" are substituted for "such rules and regulations may limit" for clarity and consistency. The words "in appropriate classes of cases" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "the obligation is given" are substituted for "of deposit of such bonds" for clarity and consistency. The text of 6:15(7th sentence) is omitted as executed. The text of 6:15(9th sentence) is omitted because of section 321 of the revised title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–351, §901(c)(1), substituted "eligible obligations" for "Government obligations" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–351, §901(b), (c)(3), substituted "an eligible obligation" for "a Government obligation" in introductory provisions and amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "be in an amount equal at par value to the amount of the required surety bond; and".

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 109–351, §901(c)(3), (4), substituted "an eligible obligation" for "a Government obligation" and "the eligible obligation" for "the Government obligation" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–351, §901(c)(2), (3), substituted "eligible obligations" for "Government obligations" and "an eligible obligation" for "a Government obligation".

2003—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 108–178 struck out comma after "sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40".

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(h)(9)(A), in introductory provisions substituted "sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40" for "the Act of August 24, 1935 (known as the Miller Act) (40 U.S.C. 270a–270d)" and "section 3133(a) of title 40" for "section 3 of the Act (40 U.S.C. 270c)".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(h)(9)(B), substituted "sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40" for "the Act of August 24, 1935 (known as the Miller Act) (40 U.S.C. 270a–270d)" and "section 3133(b) of title 40" for "section 2 of the Act (40 U.S.C. 270b)".

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–217, §3(h)(9)(C), substituted "sections 3131 and 3133 of title 40" for "the Act of August 24, 1935 (known as the Miller Act) (40 U.S.C. 270a–270d)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–178 effective Aug. 21, 2002, see section 5 of Pub. L. 108–178, set out as a note under section 5334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
31 U.S.C. § 7108 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 71 / Section 7108: Limitation on authority under sections 7105-7107
Limitation on authority under sections 7105-7107
Status: in_force

Under regulations prescribed by the President, the head of an executive agency may act under sections 7105–7107 of this title for a project assisted under at least 2 assistance programs. The regulations shall ensure that the head of an executive agency acts under those sections only—

(1) when a problem cannot be adequately solved through other action under this chapter or other law;

(2) when necessary to promote expeditious processing of applications or effective and efficient administration of the project; and

(3) in a way consistent with protecting the interest of the United States Government and with the program purposes and requirements of law.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1039.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

7108
42:4254.
Dec. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93–510, §5, 88 Stat. 1605.

In the section, the words "act under" are substituted for "use the authorities described in", and the words "when necessary" are substituted for "that they are applied only as necessary", to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "head of an executive agency acts under those sections only" are substituted for "the authorities are limited in use to" for clarity. The words "These authorities shall be exercised only", "Where appropriate to further the purposes of this chapter, and subject to the conditions prescribed in this section", "(relating to the establishment of uniform technical or administrative requirements, delegation of powers and responsibilities, and establishment of joint management funds)", "include criteria or procedures to", and "that they are applied", are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.
31 U.S.C. § 3301 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 33 / Subchapter I / Section 3301: General duties of the Secretary of the Treasury
General duties of the Secretary of the Treasury
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall—

(1) receive and keep public money;

(2) take receipts for money paid out by the Secretary;

(3) give receipts for money deposited in the Treasury;

(4) endorse warrants for receipts for money deposited in the Treasury;

(5) submit the accounts of the Secretary to the Comptroller General every 3 months, or more often if required by the Comptroller General; and

(6) submit to inspection at any time by the Comptroller General of money in the possession of the Secretary.

(b) Except as provided in section 3326 of this title, an acknowledgment for money deposited in the Treasury is not valid if the Secretary does not endorse a warrant as required by subsection (a)(4) of this section.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 948.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3301
31:44(1st sentence).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §304(1st par. 1st sentence), 42 Stat. 24.

 
31:147(less disbursement).
R.S. §305(less disbursement).

In subsection (a), the words "public money" are substituted for "the moneys of the United States" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency. The words "Secretary of the Treasury" are substituted for "Treasurer" because of the source provisions restated in section 321(c) of the revised title. In clauses (3) and (4), the words "deposited in the Treasury" are substituted for "received by him" for clarity and consistency in the revised title. In clause (4), the words "signed by the Secretary of the Treasury" are omitted as surplus. In clauses (5) and (6), the words "Comptroller General" are substituted for "General Accounting Office" for consistency. In clause (5), the word "submit" is substituted for "render" for consistency. The words "and shall transmit a copy thereof, when settled, to the Secretary of the Treasury" are omitted because of the restatement. In clause (6), the words "Secretary of the Treasury . . . or either of them" are omitted because of the restatement. The word "public" is added for consistency.

In subsection (b), the words "Except as provided in section 3326 of this title" are added for clarity. The words "endorse . . . as required by subsection (a)(4) of this section" are substituted for "so signed" for clarity and consistency.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–117, §1, Mar. 2, 2020, 134 Stat. 113, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter IV of this chapter, amending section 3562 of this title, section 612 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and section 1397ee of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending provisions set out as a note under 5701 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section and section 3321 of this title] may be cited as the 'Payment Integrity Information Act of 2019'."

Short Title of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–109, §1, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2225, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 3321 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Improper Payments Coordination Act of 2015'."

Short Title of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–204, §1, July 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 2224, which provided that Pub. L. 111–204 (amending sections 3501 and 3562 of this title and section 612 of Title 6, Domestic Security, repealing sections 3561 and 3563 to 3567 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3321 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 3321 of this title) could be cited as the "Improper Payments Elimination and Recovery Act of 2010", was repealed by Pub. L. 116–117, §3(a)(2), Mar. 2, 2020, 134 Stat. 133.

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–433, §1, Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1910, provided that: "This Act [amending section 3327 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3327 of this title] may be cited as the 'Social Security Number Confidentiality Act of 2000'."

Short Title of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–356, §1(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3410, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Government Management Reform Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–356, title IV, §401, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3412, provided that: "This title [amending sections 331, 3332, 3515, and 3521 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 501 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Financial Management Act of 1994'."
31 U.S.C. § 7105 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 71 / Section 7105: Prescribing uniform technical and administrative provisions
Prescribing uniform technical and administrative provisions
Status: in_force

(a) To make participation in a project easier than would be possible because of varying or conflicting technical or administrative regulations and procedures not required by law, the head of an executive agency may prescribe uniform provisions about inconsistent or conflicting requirements on—

(1) financial administration of the project (including accounting, reporting and auditing, and maintaining a separate bank account), to the extent consistent with section 7108 of this title;

(2) the timing of payments by the United States Government for the project when one schedule or a combined schedule is to be established for the project;

(3) providing assistance by grant rather than procurement contract or by procurement contract rather than by grant; and

(4) accountability for, or the disposition of, records, property, or structures acquired or constructed with assistance from the Government when common regulations are established for the project.

(b) To make easier the processing of applications for assistance, the head of an executive agency may provide for review of proposals for a project by one panel, board, or committee where reviews by separate panels, boards, or committees are not specifically required by law.

(c) Notwithstanding a requirement that one public agency or a specific public agency be established or designated to carry out or supervise that part of the assistance from the Government under an assistance program for a jointly financed project, the head of the executive agency carrying out the program may waive the requirement when—

(1) administration by another public agency is consistent with State or local law and the objectives of the assistance program; and

(2)(A) the waiver is requested by the head of a unit of general government certifying jurisdiction over the public agencies concerned; or

(B) the State or local public agencies concerned agree to the waiver.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1037.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

7105(a)
42:4255(a).
Dec. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93–510, §6, 88 Stat. 1606.

7105(b)
42:4255(b).

7105(c)
42:4255(c).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "To make participation in a project easier than would be possible" are substituted for "In order to provide for projects" for clarity. The words "because of" are substituted for "that would otherwise be subject to" to eliminate unnecessary words. The word "prescribe" is substituted for "adopt", and the word "about" is substituted for "with respect to", for consistency in the revised title. In clause (2), the words "payments by the United States Government" are substituted for "Federal payments" for consistency in the revised title. In clause (3), the words "providing assistance by" are substituted for "that assistance be extended in the form of" to eliminate unnecessary words. The word "procurement" is added for consistency with chapter 63 of the revised title. In clause (4), the words "assistance from the Government" are substituted for "Federal assistance" for consistency.

In subsection (b), the words "To make easier" are substituted for "In order to permit", and the words "applications for assistance" are substituted for "applications in accordance with the purposes of this chapter", for clarity. The words "where . . . are not" are substituted for "except when such review is" because of the restatement.

Subsection (c) is substituted for 42:4255(c) for consistency in subtitle V of the revised title.
31 U.S.C. § 3811 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 38 / Section 3811: Effect on other law
Effect on other law
Status: in_force

(a) This chapter does not diminish the responsibility of any agency to comply with the provisions of chapter 35 of title 44.

(b) This chapter does not supersede the provisions of section 3512 of title 44.

(c) For purposes of this section, the term "agency" has the same meaning as in section 3502(1) of title 44.

(Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1948.)
31 U.S.C. § 6508 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 65 / Section 6508: Studies and reports
Studies and reports
Status: in_force

(a)(1) When requested by a committee of Congress having jurisdiction over a grant program, the Comptroller General shall study the program. The study shall include a review of—

(A) the extent to which—

(i) the program conflicts with or duplicates other grant programs; and

(ii) more effective, efficient, economical, and uniform administration of the program may be achieved by changing the requirements and procedures applicable to it; and

(B) budgetary, accounting, reporting, and administrative procedures of the program.

(2) The Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on a study made under this subsection and any recommendations. To the extent practicable, a report on an expiring program shall be submitted in the year before the year in which a program ends.

(b)(1) When requested by a committee of Congress having jurisdiction over a grant program, the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations shall study the intergovernmental relations aspects of the program, including—

(A) the impact of the program on the structural organization of States and local governments and on Federal-State-local fiscal relations; and

(B) the coordination of administration of the program by the United States Government and State and local governments.

(2) The Commission shall submit to the committee requesting the study and to Congress a report and any recommendations.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1010.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

6508(a)
42:4242.
Oct. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–577, §§602, 603, 82 Stat. 1107.

6508(b)
42:4243.

In the section, the words "of Congress" are added for clarity. The words "grant program" are substituted for "grant-in-aid program" for consistency in the chapter.

In subsection (a)(1), before clause (A), the words "The study shall include a review of" are substituted for "to determine" for clarity. In clause (B), the words "among other relevant matters" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b)(1)(B), the words "administration of the program by the United States Government" are substituted for "Federal administration" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (b)(2), the words "requesting the study" are added for clarity.
31 U.S.C. § 5352 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 53 / Subchapter III / Section 5352: Program authorization
Program authorization
Status: in_force

(a) Grant Eligibility.—To be eligible to receive an initial grant or a renewal grant under this part, a State or local law enforcement agency or prosecutor shall meet each of the following criteria:

(1) Application.—The State or local law enforcement agency or prosecutor shall submit an application to the Secretary in accordance with section 5353(a)(2).

(2) Accountability.—The State or local law enforcement agency or prosecutor shall—

(A) establish a system to measure and report outcomes—

(i) consistent with common indicators and evaluation protocols established by the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General; and

(ii) approved by the Secretary;

(B) conduct biennial surveys (or incorporate local surveys in existence at the time of the evaluation) to measure the progress and effectiveness of the coalition; and

(C) provide assurances that the entity conducting an evaluation under this paragraph, or from which the applicant receives information, has experience in gathering data related to money laundering and related financial crimes.

(b) Grant Amounts.—

(1) Grants.—

(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (D), for a fiscal year, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General, may grant to an eligible applicant under this section for that fiscal year, an amount determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General, to be appropriate.

(B) Suspension of grants.—If such grant recipient fails to continue to meet the criteria specified in subsection (a), the Secretary may suspend the grant, after providing written notice to the grant recipient and an opportunity to appeal.

(C) Renewal grants.—Subject to subparagraph (D), the Secretary may award a renewal grant to a grant recipient under this subparagraph for each fiscal year following the fiscal year for which an initial grant is awarded.

(D) Limitation.—The amount of a grant award under this paragraph may not exceed $750,000 for a fiscal year.

(2) Grant awards.—

(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Secretary may, with respect to a community, make a grant to one eligible applicant that represents that community.

(B) Exception.—The Secretary may make a grant to more than one eligible applicant that represent 1 a community if—

(i) the eligible coalitions demonstrate that the coalitions are collaborating with one another; and

(ii) each of the coalitions has independently met the requirements set forth in subsection (a).

(c) Condition Relating to Proceeds of Asset Forfeitures.—

(1) In general.—No grant may be made or renewed under this part to any State or local law enforcement agency or prosecutor unless the agency or prosecutor agrees to donate to the Secretary of the Treasury for the program established under this part any amount received by such agency or prosecutor (after the grant is made) pursuant to any criminal or civil forfeiture under chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code, or any similar provision of State law.

(2) Scope of application.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any amount received by a State or local law enforcement agency or prosecutor pursuant to any criminal or civil forfeiture referred to in such paragraph in excess of the aggregate amount of grants received by such agency or prosecutor under this part.

(d) Rolling Grant Application Periods.—In establishing the program under this part, the Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure, to the extent practicable, that—

(1) applications for grants under this part may be filed at any time during a fiscal year; and

(2) some portion of the funds appropriated under this part for any such fiscal year will remain available for grant applications filed later in the fiscal year.

(Added Pub. L. 105–310, §2(a), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2946.)

1 So in original. Probably should be "represents".
31 U.S.C. § 5331 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 53 / Subchapter II / Section 5331: Reports relating to coins and currency received in nonfinancial trade or business
Reports relating to coins and currency received in nonfinancial trade or business
Status: in_force

(a) Coin and Currency Receipts of More Than $10,000.—Any person—

(1)(A) who is engaged in a trade or business, and

(B) who, in the course of such trade or business, receives more than $10,000 in coins or currency in 1 transaction (or 2 or more related transactions), or

(2) who is required to file a report under section 6050I(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,

shall file a report described in subsection (b) with respect to such transaction (or related transactions) with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may, by regulation, prescribe.

(b) Form and Manner of Reports.—A report is described in this subsection if such report—

(1) is in such form as the Secretary may prescribe;

(2) contains—

(A) the name and address, and such other identification information as the Secretary may require, of the person from whom the coins or currency was received;

(B) the amount of coins or currency received;

(C) the date and nature of the transaction; and

(D) such other information, including the identification of the person filing the report, as the Secretary may prescribe.

(c) Exceptions.—

(1) Amounts received by financial institutions.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to amounts received in a transaction reported under section 5313 and regulations prescribed under such section.

(2) Transactions occurring outside the united states.—Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, subsection (a) shall not apply to any transaction if the entire transaction occurs outside the United States.

(d) Currency Includes Foreign Currency and Certain Monetary Instruments.—

(1) In general.—For purposes of this section, the term "currency" includes—

(A) foreign currency; and

(B) to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, any monetary instrument (whether or not in bearer form) with a face amount of not more than $10,000.

(2) Scope of application.—Paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to any check drawn on the account of the writer in a financial institution referred to in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (J), (K), (R), or (S) of section 5312(a)(2).

(Added Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §365(a), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 333; amended Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title I, §120, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 891.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 6050I(g) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is classified to section 6050I of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–74 redesignated pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), substituted ", and" for "; and" in subpar. (A), inserted "or" at end of subpar. (B), and added par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 107–56, title III, §365(e), formerly §365(f), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 335, renumbered §365(e) by Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, §6202(n)(2), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3746, provided that: "Regulations which the Secretary [of the Treasury] determines are necessary to implement this section [enacting this section and amending sections 5312, 5317, 5318, 5321, 5324, 5326, and former 5328 of this title] shall be published in final form before the end of the 6-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 2001]."
31 U.S.C. § 3904 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 39 / Section 3904: Limitations on discount payments
Limitations on discount payments
Status: in_force

The head of an agency offered a discount by a business concern from an amount due under a contract for property or service in exchange for payment within a specified time may pay the discounted amount only if payment is made within the specified time. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, the specified time shall be determined from the date of the invoice. The head of the agency shall pay an interest penalty on an amount remaining unpaid in violation of this section. The penalty accrues as provided under sections 3902 and 3903 of this title, except that the required payment date for the unpaid amount is the last day specified in the contract that the discounted amount may be paid.

(Added Pub. L. 97–452, §1(18)(A), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2476; amended Pub. L. 100–496, §8, Oct. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 2460.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3904
31 App.:1802.
May 21, 1982, Pub. L. 97–177, §3, 96 Stat. 86.

The word "otherwise" is omitted as surplus. The words "may pay the discounted amount" are substituted for "may make payment in an amount equal to the discounted price" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "on such unpaid amount" and "the regulations prescribed pursuant to" are omitted as surplus. The words "specified in the contract that the discounted amount may be paid" are substituted for "of the specified period of time described in subsection (a)" for clarity.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–496 inserted after first sentence "For the purpose of the preceding sentence, the specified time shall be determined from the date of the invoice."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–496 applicable to payments under contracts awarded, contracts renewed, and contract options exercised during or after the first fiscal quarter which begins more than 90 days after Oct. 17, 1988, see section 14(a) of Pub. L. 100–496, set out as a note under section 3902 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 5151 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 51 / Subchapter V / Section 5151: Conversion of currency of foreign countries
Conversion of currency of foreign countries
Status: in_force

(a) In this section—

(1) "buying rate" means the buying rate in the market in New York, New York, for cable transfers payable in the currency of a foreign country to be converted.

(2) when merchandise is exported on a day that banks are generally closed in New York, the buying rate at noon on the last prior business day is deemed to be the buying rate at noon on the day the merchandise is exported.

(b) The value of coins of a foreign country expressed in United States money is the value of the pure metal of the standard coin of the foreign country. The Secretary of the Treasury shall estimate the values of standard coins of the country quarterly and publish the values on the first day of January, April, July, and October of each year.

(c) Except as provided in this section, conversion of currency of a foreign country into United States currency for assessment and collection of duties on merchandise imported into the United States shall be made at values published by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section for the quarter in which the merchandise is exported.

(d) If the Secretary has not published a value for the quarter in which the merchandise is exported, or if the value published by the Secretary varies by at least 5 percent from a value measured by the buying rate at noon on the day the merchandise is exported, the conversion of the currency of the foreign country shall be made at a value—

(1) equal to the buying rate at noon on the day the merchandise is exported; or

(2) prescribed by regulation of the Secretary for the currency that is equal to the first buying rate certified for that currency by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York under subsection (e) of this section in the quarter in which the merchandise is exported, but only if the buying rate at noon on the day the merchandise is exported varies less than 5 percent from the buying rate first certified.

(e) The Federal Reserve Bank of New York shall decide the buying rate and certify the rate to the Secretary. The Secretary shall publish the rate at times and to the extent the Secretary considers necessary. In deciding the buying rate, the Bank may—

(1) consider the last ascertainable transactions and quotations (direct or through exchange of other currencies); and

(2) if there is no buying rate, calculate the rate from—

(A) actual transactions and quotations in demand or time bills of exchange; or

(B) the last ascertainable transactions and quotations outside the United States in or for exchange payable in United States currency or foreign currency.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 991.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5151(a)
31:372(c)(2)(1st sentence), (3).
June 17, 1930, ch. 497, §522(c), 46 Stat. 740; restated Aug. 2, 1956, ch. 887, §3, 70 Stat. 946.

5151(b)
31:372(a).
Aug. 27, 1894, ch. 349, §25, 28 Stat. 552; May 27, 1921, ch. 14, §403(a), 42 Stat. 17; restated June 17, 1930, ch. 497, §522(a), 46 Stat. 739.

5151(c)
31:372(b).
June 17, 1930, ch. 497, §522(b), 46 Stat. 740.

5151(d)
31:372(c)(1).

5151(e)
31:372(c)(2)(2d, last sentences).

In subsection (b), the words "United States money" are substituted for "money of account" for consistency in the chapter. The words "standard coins of the country" are substituted for "values of standard coins in circulation of the various nations of the world" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "Secretary of the Treasury" are substituted for "Director of the Mint" because of the source provisions restated in section 321(c) of the revised title.

In subsection (c), the words "on or after June 17, 1930" are omitted as executed.

In subsection (d)(1), the words "buying rate at noon on the day the merchandise is exported" are substituted for "such buying rate" for clarity.

In subsection (d)(2), the words "that is equal to" are substituted for "at a value measured by" because of the restatement.

In subsection (e)(2), the words "buying rate" are substituted for "market buying rate for such cable transfers" to eliminate unnecessary words.
31 U.S.C. § 3324 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 33 / Subchapter II / Section 3324: Advances
Advances
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in this section, a payment under a contract to provide a service or deliver an article for the United States Government may not be more than the value of the service already provided or the article already delivered.

(b) An advance of public money may be made only if it is authorized by—

(1) a specific appropriation or other law; or

(2) the President to be made to—

(A) a disbursing official if the President decides the advance is necessary to carry out—

(i) the duties of the official promptly and faithfully; and

(ii) an obligation of the Government; or

(B) an individual serving in the armed forces at a distant station if the President decides the advance is necessary to disburse regularly pay and allowances.

(c) Before the Secretary of the Treasury acts on a requisition for an advance, the Comptroller General shall act on the requisition under section 3522 of this title. The Comptroller General does not countersign a requisition for an advance.

(d) The head of an agency may pay in advance from appropriations available for the purpose—

(1) to the Secretary of the Army, charges for messages sent by the Secretary of the Army for the head of the agency, including charges for—

(A) payment of tolls of commercial carriers;

(B) leasing facilities for sending messages; and

(C) installing and maintaining facilities for sending messages; and

(2) charges for a publication printed or recorded in any way for the auditory or visual use of the agency.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 950.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3324(a)
31:529(2d sentence).
R.S. §3648; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §11, 60 Stat. 809.

3324(b)
31:529(1st, 3d, last sentences).

3324(c)
31:44(1st sentence).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §304(1st par. 1st sentence), 42 Stat. 24.

 
31:76(1st, last sentences).
July 31, 1894, ch. 174, §11(1st, 4th sentences), 28 Stat. 209.

3324(d)
31:530a.
June 12, 1930, ch. 470, §1, 46 Stat. 580; July 20, 1961, Pub. L. 87–91, §1, 75 Stat. 211.

 
31:530b.
June 12, 1930, ch. 470, 46 Stat. 580, §2; added Dec. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–534, 88 Stat. 1731.

 
31:686–2.
Apr. 15, 1926, ch. 146, §101(proviso on p. 267), 44 Stat. 267.

In subsection (a), the words "Except as provided in this section" are added for clarity. The words "already provided" and "already delivered" are substituted for "rendered . . . delivered previously to such payment" for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "in any case" and "It shall, however, be lawful under the special direction of" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2)(A)(i), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" for consistency in the revised title. The words "of the Government" are omitted as surplus. Clause (2)(A)(ii) is substituted for "the public engagements" for clarity. In clause (2)(B), the word "individual" is substituted for "persons" for consistency. The words "armed forces" are substituted for "military and naval service" for consistency with title 10. The words "and proper" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "disburse regularly pay and allowances" are substituted for "discharge of the pay and emoluments to which they may be entitled cannot be regularly effected" to eliminate unnecessary words, for clarity, and for consistency with title 37.

In subsection (c), the words "Comptroller General" are substituted for "General Accounting Office" for consistency.

In subsection (d), before clause (1), the words "On and after April 15, 1926" in 31:686–2 are omitted as executed. The word "agency" is substituted for "department or establishment" because of section 101 of the revised title and for consistency. The words "may pay in advance from appropriations available for the purpose" are substituted for "may transfer in advance . . . such amounts as may be necessary to defray the expense of" for clarity and consistency. In clause (1), the words "Secretary of the Army" are substituted for "Signal Corps of the Army" because of 10:3012. The title of Secretary of War was changed to Secretary of the Army, and the Department of War was designated the Department of the Army by section 205(a) of the Act of July 26, 1947 (ch. 343, 61 Stat. 501), and by sections 1 and 53 of the Act of August 10, 1956 (ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 157, 676). Clause (2) is substituted for 31:530a and 530b to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "or the municipal government of the District of Columbia" are omitted because of sections 441–445 and 736 of the Act of December 24, 1973 (Pub. L. 93–198, 87 Stat. 798, 823).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

International Refugee Organization

Funds available for expenditure without regard to this section, see section 289c of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Executive Documents

Exemption of Functions

Functions authorized by Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, as exempt, see Ex. Ord. No. 11223, May 12, 1965, 30 F.R. 6635, set out as a note under section 2393 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
31 U.S.C. § 3804 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 38 / Section 3804: Subpoena authority
Subpoena authority
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of an investigation under section 3803(a)(1) of this title, an investigating official is authorized to require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and data not otherwise reasonably available to the authority.

(b) For the purposes of conducting a hearing under section 3803(f) of this title, a presiding officer is authorized—

(1) to administer oaths or affirmations; and

(2) to require by subpoena the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and other data and documentary evidence which the presiding officer considers relevant and material to the hearing.

(c) In the case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of this section, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue an appropriate order for the enforcement of any such subpoena. Any failure to obey such order of the court is punishable by such court as contempt. In any case in which an authority seeks the enforcement of a subpoena issued pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of this section, the authority shall request the Attorney General to petition any district court in which a hearing under this chapter is being conducted, or in which the person receiving the subpoena resides or conducts business, to issue such an order.

(Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1944.)
31 U.S.C. § 1125 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 11 / Section 1125: Elimination of unnecessary agency reporting
Elimination of unnecessary agency reporting
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Budget justification materials.—The term "budget justification materials" has the meaning given the term in section 3(b)(2) of the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (31 U.S.C. 6101 note; Public Law 109–282).

(2) Plan or report.—The term "plan or report" means any plan or report submitted to Congress, any committee of Congress, or subcommittee thereof, by not less than 1 agency—

(A) in accordance with Federal law; or

(B) at the direction or request of a congressional report.

(3) Recurring plan or report.—The term "recurring plan or report" means a plan or report submitted on a recurring basis.

(4) Relevant congressional committee.—The term "relevant congressional committee"—

(A) means a congressional committee to which a recurring plan or report is required to be submitted; and

(B) does not include any plan or report that is required to be submitted solely to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives or the Senate.

(b) Agency Identification of Unnecessary Reports.—

(1) In general.—The head of each agency shall include in the budget justification materials of the agency the following:

(A) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the following:

(i) A list of each recurring plan or report submitted by the agency.

(ii) An identification of whether the recurring plan or report listed in clause (i) was included in the most recent report issued by the Clerk of the House of Representatives concerning the reports that any agency is required by law or directed or requested by a committee report to make to Congress, any committee of Congress, or subcommittee thereof.

(iii) If applicable, the unique alphanumeric identifier for the recurring plan or report as required by section 7243(b)(1)(C)(vii) of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263).

(iv) The identification of any recurring plan or report the head of the agency determines to be outdated or duplicative.

(B) With respect to each recurring plan or report identified in subparagraph (A)(iv), the following:

(i) A recommendation on whether to sunset, modify, consolidate, or reduce the frequency of the submission of the recurring plan or report.

(ii) A citation to each provision of law or directive or request in a congressional report that requires or requests the submission of the recurring plan or report.

(iii) A list of the relevant congressional committees for the recurring plan or report.

(C) A justification explaining, with respect to each recommendation described in subparagraph (B)(i) relating to a recurring plan or report—

(i) why the head of the agency made the recommendation, which may include an estimate of the resources expended by the agency to prepare and submit the recurring plan or report; and

(ii) the understanding of the head of the agency of the purpose of the recurring plan or report.

(2) Agency consultation.—

(A) In general.—In preparing the list required under paragraph (1)(A), if, in submitting a recurring plan or report, an agency is required to coordinate or consult with another agency or entity, the head of the agency submitting the recurring plan or report shall consult with the head of each agency or entity with whom consultation or coordination is required.

(B) Inclusion in list.—If, after a consultation under subparagraph (A), the head of each agency or entity consulted under that subparagraph agrees that a recurring plan or report is outdated or duplicative, the head of the agency required to submit the recurring plan or report shall—

(i) include the recurring plan or report in the list described in paragraph (1)(A); and

(ii) identify each agency or entity with which the head of the agency is required to coordinate or consult in submitting the recurring plan or report.

(C) Disagreement.—If the head of any agency or entity consulted under subparagraph (A) does not agree that a recurring plan or report is outdated or duplicative, the head of the agency required to submit the recurring plan or report shall not include the recurring plan or report in the list described in paragraph (1)(A).

(3) Government-wide or multi-agency plan and report submissions.—With respect to a recurring plan or report required to be submitted by not less than 2 agencies, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall—

(A) determine whether the requirement to submit the recurring plan or report is outdated or duplicative; and

(B) make recommendations to Congress accordingly.

(4) Plan and report submissions conformity to the access to congressionally mandated reports act.—With respect to an agency recommendation, citation, or justification made under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) or a recommendation by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under paragraph (3), the agency or Director, as applicable, shall also provide this information to the Director of the Government Publishing Office in conformity with the agency submission requirements under section 7244(a) of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263; chapter 41 of title 44 note) in conformity with guidance issued by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under section 7244(b) of such Act.

(c) Rule of Construction on Agency Requirements.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to exempt the head of an agency from a requirement to submit a recurring plan or report.

(d) Request for Elimination of Unnecessary Reports.—In addition to including the list of plans and reports determined to be outdated or duplicative by each agency in the budget justification materials of each agency, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget may concurrently submit to Congress legislation to eliminate or consolidate such plans and reports.

(Added Pub. L. 111–352, §11(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3881; amended Pub. L. 118–172, §2(a), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2593.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 7243(b)(1)(C)(vii) and 7244(a), (b) of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii), (4), are sections 7243(b)(1)(C)(vii) and 7244(a), (b) of Pub. L. 117–263, which are set out in a note preceding section 4101 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendments

2024—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 118–172, §2(a)(2), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to agency identification of unnecessary reports and plans and reports for first year of implementation and subsequent years, respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–172, §2(a)(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–172, §2(a)(3), substituted "in the budget justification materials of each agency" for "in the budget of the United States Government, as provided by section 1105(a)(37)".

Pub. L. 118–172, §2(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Updated OMB Guidance

Pub. L. 118–172, §2(c)(2), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2596, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue updated guidance to agencies to ensure that the requirements under subsections (a) and (b) of section 1125 of title 31, United States Code, as amended by this Act, for agency submissions of recommendations and justifications for plans and reports to sunset, modify, consolidate, or reduce the frequency of the submission of [sic] are also submitted as a separate attachment in conformity with the agency submission requirements of electronic copies of reports submitted by agencies under section 7244(a) of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263; chapter 41 of title 44, United States Code, note [44 U.S.C. 4101 note prec.]) for publication on the online portal established under section 7243 of such Act."
31 U.S.C. § 5303 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 53 / Subchapter I / Section 5303: Reserved coins and currencies of foreign countries
Reserved coins and currencies of foreign countries
Status: reserved

An agency may use coins and currencies of a foreign country the United States Government holds that are or may be reserved for a specific program or activity of an agency. The agency shall reimburse the Treasury from appropriations and shall replace the coins and currencies when they are needed for the program or activity for which they were reserved originally.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 994.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5303
31:938.
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–677, 80 Stat. 955.

The word "Federal" is omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of "agency" in section 101 of the revised title. The words "coins and" and "Government" are added for consistency. The words "or set aside" and "of the Government" are omitted as surplus. The words "The agency shall reimburse . . . shall replace" are substituted for "except (1) that reimbursement shall be made . . . (2) . . . shall be replaced" for clarity. The words "applicable . . . of the agency concerned" are omitted as surplus. The words "program or activity" are substituted for "purpose" for clarity and consistency.
31 U.S.C. § 1502 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 15 / Subchapter I / Section 1502: Balances available
Balances available
Status: in_force

(a) The balance of an appropriation or fund limited for obligation to a definite period is available only for payment of expenses properly incurred during the period of availability or to complete contracts properly made within that period of availability and obligated consistent with section 1501 of this title. However, the appropriation or fund is not available for expenditure for a period beyond the period otherwise authorized by law.

(b) A provision of law requiring that the balance of an appropriation or fund be returned to the general fund of the Treasury at the end of a definite period does not affect the status of lawsuits or rights of action involving the right to an amount payable from the balance.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 928.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1502(a)
31:200(d).
Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 935, §1311(d), 68 Stat. 831.

 
31:712a.
July 6, 1949, ch. 299, §1, 63 Stat. 407.

1502(b)
31:665b.
July 1, 1973, Pub. L. 93–52, §111, 87 Stat. 134.

Subsection (a) restates the source provisions to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency.

In subsection (b), the words "balance of an appropriation or fund" are substituted for "unexpended funds" for clarity and consistency in the revised chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Quarterly Reports

Pub. L. 118–47, div. D, title V, §524, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 707, provided that: "Not later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, beginning with the first month of fiscal year 2024 the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services and Education and the Social Security Administration shall provide the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and Senate a report on the status of balances of appropriations: Provided, That for balances that are unobligated and uncommitted, committed, and obligated but unexpended, the monthly reports shall separately identify the amounts attributable to each source year of appropriation (beginning with fiscal year 2012, or, to the extent feasible, earlier fiscal years) from which balances were derived."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 117–328, div. H, title V, §524, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4912.

Pub. L. 117–103, div. H, title V, §524, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 500.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. H, title V, §525, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1626.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. A, title V, §525, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2611.

Pub. L. 115–245, div. B, title V, §525, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3122.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. H, title V, §526, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 768.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. H, title V, §526, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 566.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. H, title V, §526, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2653.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. G, title V, §523, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2518.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. H, title V, §524, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 413.

Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title V, §526, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1115.

Availability of Energy and Water Development Appropriations Limited to Fiscal Year In Which Appropriated

Pub. L. 102–377, title V, §501, Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1342, provided that: "No part of any appropriation contained in this Act or subsequent Energy and Water Development Appropriations Acts shall remain available for obligation beyond the fiscal year specified in such Acts therein unless expressly so provided therein."
31 U.S.C. § 3907 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 39 / Section 3907: Relationship to other laws
Relationship to other laws
Status: in_force

(a) A claim for an interest penalty not paid under this chapter may be filed under section 7103 of title 41.

(b)(1) An interest penalty under this chapter does not continue to accrue—

(A) after a claim for a penalty is filed under chapter 71 of title 41; or

(B) for more than one year.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not prevent an interest penalty from accruing under section 7109(a)(1) and (b) of title 41 after a penalty stops accruing under this chapter. A penalty accruing under section 7109(a)(1) and (b) may accrue on an unpaid contract payment and on the unpaid penalty under this chapter.

(c) Except as provided in section 3904 of this title, this chapter does not require an interest penalty on a payment that is not made because of a dispute between the head of an agency and a business concern over the amount of payment or compliance with the contract. A claim related to the dispute, and interest payable for the period during which the dispute is being resolved, is subject to chapter 71 of title 41.

(Added Pub. L. 97–452, §1(18)(A), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2477, §3906; renumbered §3907, Pub. L. 100–496, §9(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 2460; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(h)(8), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3849.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3906(a)
31 App.:1803(a)(1).
May 21, 1982, Pub. L. 97–177, §4, 96 Stat. 87.

3906(b)
31 App.:1803(a)(2), (3).

3906(c)
31 App.:1803(b).

In the section, the words "be construed to" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a), the words "not paid under this chapter" are substituted for "which a Federal agency has failed to pay in accordance with the requirements of section 2 or 3 of this chapter" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b)(2), the word "accruing" is added for clarity. The word "both" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the words "with respect to disputes concerning discounts", "by the required payment date", and "other allegations concerning" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(h)(8)(A), substituted "section 7103 of title 41" for "section 6 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 605)".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(h)(8)(B), substituted "chapter 71 of title 41" for "the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(h)(8)(C), substituted "section 7109(a)(1) and (b) of title 41" for "section 12 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 611)" and "section 7109(a)(1) and (b) may" for "section 12 may".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(h)(8)(D), substituted "chapter 71 of title 41" for "the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)".

1988—Pub. L. 100–496 renumbered section 3906 of this title as this section.
31 U.S.C. § 5155 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 51 / Subchapter V / Section 5155: Providing engraved plates of portraits of deceased members of Congress
Providing engraved plates of portraits of deceased members of Congress
Status: in_force

On conditions the Secretary of the Treasury decides, the Secretary may send an engraved plate of a portrait of a deceased Senator or Representative to an heir or legal representative of such a Senator or Representative.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 993.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5155
31:175.
July 1, 1916, ch. 209, §1(3d par. on p. 275), 39 Stat. 275.

The words "terms and" are omitted as being included in "conditions". The words "that have been or may be made" are omitted as unnecessary.
31 U.S.C. § 333 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 3 / Subchapter II / Section 333: Prohibition of misuse of Department of the Treasury names, symbols, etc.
Prohibition of misuse of Department of the Treasury names, symbols, etc.
Status: in_force

(a) General Rule.—No person may use, in connection with, or as a part of, any advertisement, solicitation, business activity, or product, whether alone or with other words, letters, symbols, or emblems—

(1) the words "Department of the Treasury", or the name of any service, bureau, office, or other subdivision of the Department of the Treasury,

(2) the titles "Secretary of the Treasury" or "Treasurer of the United States" or the title of any other officer or employee of the Department of the Treasury,

(3) the abbreviations or initials of any entity referred to in paragraph (1),

(4) the words "United States Savings Bond" or the name of any other obligation issued by the Department of the Treasury,

(5) any symbol or emblem of an entity referred to in paragraph (1) (including the design of any envelope or stationary used by such an entity), and

(6) any colorable imitation of any such words, titles, abbreviations, initials, symbols, or emblems,

in a manner which could reasonably be interpreted or construed as conveying the false impression that such advertisement, solicitation, business activity, or product is in any manner approved, endorsed, sponsored, or authorized by, or associated with, the Department of the Treasury or any entity referred to in paragraph (1) or any officer or employee thereof.

(b) Treatment of Disclaimers.—Any determination of whether a person has violated the provisions of subsection (a) shall be made without regard to any use of a disclaimer of affiliation with the United States Government or any particular agency or instrumentality thereof.

(c) Civil Penalty.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary of the Treasury may impose a civil penalty on any person who violates the provisions of subsection (a).

(2) Amount of penalty.—The amount of the civil penalty imposed by paragraph (1) shall not exceed $5,000 for each use of any material in violation of subsection (a). If such use is in a broadcast or telecast, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting "$25,000" for "$5,000".

(3) Time limitations.—

(A) Assessments.—The Secretary of the Treasury may assess any civil penalty under paragraph (1) at any time before the end of the 3-year period beginning on the date of the violation with respect to which such penalty is imposed.

(B) Civil action.—The Secretary of the Treasury may commence a civil action to recover any penalty imposed under this subsection at any time before the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date on which such penalty was assessed.

(4) Coordination with subsection (d).—No penalty may be assessed under this subsection with respect to any violation after a criminal proceeding with respect to such violation has been commenced under subsection (d).

(d) Criminal Penalty.—

(1) In general.—If any person knowingly violates subsection (a), such person shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $10,000 for each such use or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both. If such use is in a broadcast or telecast, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting "$50,000" for "$10,000".

(2) Time limitations.—No person may be prosecuted, tried, or punished under paragraph (1) for any violation of subsection (a) unless the indictment is found or the information instituted during the 3-year period beginning on the date of the violation.

(3) Coordination with subsection (c).—No criminal proceeding may be commenced under this subsection with respect to any violation if a civil penalty has previously been assessed under subsection (c) with respect to such violation.

(Added Pub. L. 103–296, title III, §312(l)(1), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1528.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 103–296, title III, §312(m), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1530, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 1320b–10 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall apply with respect to violations occurring after March 31, 1995.

"(2) Prohibition of misuse of department of the treasury names, symbols, etc.—Subsection (l)(3) [enacting provisions set out below] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 15, 1994], and the amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (l) [enacting this section] shall apply with respect to violations occurring after such date."

Report on Implementation of Section

Pub. L. 103–296, title III, §312(l)(3), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1530, required the Secretary of the Treasury to submit a report to Congress by May 1, 1996, on the implementation of the amendments made by section 312 of Pub. L. 103–296 (enacting this section and amending section 1320b–10 of Title 42), with such report to include the number of cases in which the Secretary has notified persons of violations of this section, the number of prosecutions commenced under such section, and the total amount of the penalties collected in such prosecutions.
31 U.S.C. § 3555 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 35 / Subchapter V / Section 3555: Regulations; authority of Comptroller General to verify assertions
Regulations; authority of Comptroller General to verify assertions
Status: in_force

(a) The Comptroller General shall prescribe such procedures as may be necessary to the expeditious decision of protests under this subchapter, including procedures for accelerated resolution of protests under the express option authorized by section 3554(a)(2) of this title. Such procedures shall provide that the protest process may not be delayed by the failure of a party to make a filing within the time provided for the filing.

(b) The procedures shall provide that, in the computation of any period described in this subchapter—

(1) the day of the act, event, or default from which the designated period of time begins to run not be included; and

(2) the last day after such act, event, or default be included, unless—

(A) such last day is a Saturday, a Sunday, or a legal holiday; or

(B) in the case of a filing of a paper at the Government Accountability Office or a Federal agency, such last day is a day on which weather or other conditions cause the closing of the Government Accountability Office or Federal agency, in which event the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday shall be included.

(c) Electronic Filing and Document Dissemination System.—

(1) Establishment and operation of system.—The Comptroller General shall establish and operate an electronic filing and document dissemination system under which, in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Comptroller General—

(A) a person filing a protest under this subchapter may file the protest through electronic means; and

(B) all documents and information required with respect to the protest may be disseminated and made available to the parties to the protest through electronic means.

(2) Imposition of fees.—

(A) In general.—The Comptroller General may require each person who files a protest under this subchapter to pay a fee to support the establishment and operation of the electronic system under this subsection, without regard to whether or not the person uses the system with respect to the protest.

(B) Amount.—The Comptroller General shall establish (and from time to time shall update) a schedule setting forth the amount of the fee to be paid under subparagraph (A).

(3) Treatment of amounts collected.—

(A) Establishment of account.—The Comptroller General shall maintain a separate account among the accounts of the Government Accountability Office for the electronic system under this subsection, and shall deposit all amounts received as fees under paragraph (2) into the account.

(B) Use of amounts.—Amounts in the account maintained under this paragraph shall be available to the Comptroller General, without fiscal year limitation, solely to establish and operate the electronic system under this subsection.

(d) The Comptroller General may use any authority available under chapter 7 of this title and this chapter to verify assertions made by parties in protests under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, §2741(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1202; amended Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §1404, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3291; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 113–76, div. I, title I, §1501, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 433.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–76 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "The Comptroller General may prescribe procedures for the electronic filing and dissemination of documents and information required under this subchapter. In prescribing such procedures, the Comptroller General shall consider the ability of all parties to achieve electronic access to such documents and records."

2004—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in two places.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–355, §1404(c), substituted "The Comptroller General" for "Not later than January 15, 1985, the Comptroller General".

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 103–355, §1404(a), (b), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 103–355, see section 10001 of Pub. L. 103–355, set out as a note under section 8752 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to any protest filed after Jan. 14, 1985, see section 2751(b) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 4751 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
31 U.S.C. § 7504 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 75 / Section 7504: Federal agency responsibilities and relations with non-Federal entities
Federal agency responsibilities and relations with non-Federal entities
Status: in_force

(a) Each Federal agency shall, in accordance with guidance issued by the Director under section 7505, with regard to Federal awards provided by the agency—

(1) monitor non-Federal entity use of Federal awards;

(2) assess the quality of audits conducted under this chapter for audits of entities for which the agency is the single Federal agency determined under subsection (b);

(3) participate in and furnish information for the review under subsection (e); and

(4) identify recipients that expend $300,000 or more in Federal awards or such other amount specified by the Director under section 7502(a)(3) during the recipient's fiscal year but did not undergo an audit in accordance with this chapter.

(b) Each non-Federal entity shall have a single Federal agency, determined in accordance with criteria established by the Director, to provide the non-Federal entity with technical assistance and assist with implementation of this chapter.

(c) The Director shall designate a Federal clearinghouse to—

(1) receive copies of all reporting packages developed in accordance with this chapter; and

(2) perform analyses to assist the Director in carrying out responsibilities under this chapter.

(d) Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 2 years thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives a report listing the recipients identified under subsection (a)(4).

(e)(1) The Director shall designate 1 or more Federal agencies to conduct a Government-wide analysis of single audit quality, which may include a consideration of the results of reviews of single audit quality by—

(A) Federal agencies;

(B) inspectors general of Federal agencies;

(C) State auditors; and

(D) external peer reviews conducted in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.

(2) Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 6 years thereafter, the Federal agencies designated under paragraph (1) shall complete a Government-wide analysis of single audit quality.

(3) The Director shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives and make publicly available a summary of the results of each review under paragraph (2).

(f) Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection—

(1) the Administrator of General Services, in coordination with the Director, the Council on Federal Financial Assistance (or any successor thereto), and key management single audit liaisons of Federal agencies designated as described in section 200.513 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor thereto), shall develop analytic tools to use audit data in the Federal clearinghouse to identify cross-Governmental risks to Federal award funds; and

(2) the Director, in coordination with the Administrator of General Services, the Council on Federal Financial Assistance (or any successor thereto), and key management single audit liaisons of Federal agencies designated as described in section 200.513 of title 2, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor thereto), shall develop a strategy to use audit data in the Federal clearinghouse to identify cross-Governmental risks to Federal award funds.

(g) Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Comptroller General of the United States shall complete an evaluation of—

(1) the effectiveness of the strategy and analytic tools developed under subsection (f);

(2) reporting burdens for auditors and audited entities and the capacity of auditors and audited entities to fulfill the requirements under this chapter; and

(3) the responsiveness of Federal agencies to repeat single audit findings and corrective action plans.

(Added Pub. L. 98–502, §2(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2333; amended Pub. L. 104–156, §2, July 5, 1996, 110 Stat. 1402; Pub. L. 118–207, §2, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2701.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsecs. (d), (e)(2), (f), and (g), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 118–207, which was approved Dec. 23, 2024.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 118–207, §2(1), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 118–207, §2(2), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "identify recipients that expend $300,000 or more in Federal awards or such other amount specified by the Director under section 7502(a)(3) during the recipient's fiscal year but did not undergo an audit in accordance with this chapter; and".

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 118–207, §2(3), added subsecs. (d) to (g).

1996—Pub. L. 104–156 substituted "Federal agency responsibilities and relations with non-Federal entities" for "Cognizant agency responsibilities" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) The Director shall designate cognizant agencies for audits conducted pursuant to this chapter.

"(b) A cognizant agency shall—

"(1) ensure that audits are made in a timely manner and in accordance with the requirements of this chapter;

"(2) ensure that the audit reports and corrective action plans made pursuant to section 7502 of this title are transmitted to the appropriate Federal officials; and

"(3)(A) coordinate, to the extent practicable, audits done by or under contract with Federal agencies that are in addition to the audits conducted pursuant to this chapter; and (B) ensure that such additional audits build upon the audits conducted pursuant to this chapter."
31 U.S.C. § 6207 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 62 / Section 6207: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990.

(Added Pub. L. 99–547, §2(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3060.)
31 U.S.C. § 3805 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 38 / Section 3805: Judicial review
Judicial review
Status: in_force

(a)(1) A determination by a reviewing official under section 3803 of this title shall be final and shall not be subject to judicial review.

(2) Unless a petition is filed under this section, a determination under section 3803 of this title that a person is liable under section 3802 of this title shall be final and shall not be subject to judicial review.

(b)(1)(A) Any person who has been determined to be liable under section 3802 of this title pursuant to section 3803 of this title may obtain review of such determination in—

(i) the United States district court for the district in which such person resides or transacts business;

(ii) the United States district court for the district in which the claim or statement upon which the determination of liability is based was made, presented, or submitted; or

(iii) the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.

(B) Such review may be obtained by filing in any such court a written petition that such determination be modified or set aside. Such petition shall be filed—

(i) only after such person has exhausted all administrative remedies under this chapter; and

(ii) within 60 days after the date on which the authority head sends such person a copy of the decision of such authority head under section 3803(i)(2) of this title.

(2) The clerk of the court shall transmit a copy of a petition filed under paragraph (1) of this subsection to the authority and to the Attorney General. Upon receipt of the copy of such petition, the authority shall transmit to the Attorney General the record in the proceeding resulting in the determination of liability under section 3802 of this title. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to review the decision, findings, and determinations in issue and to affirm, modify, remand for further consideration, or set aside, in whole or in part, the decision, findings, and determinations of the authority, and to enforce such decision, findings, and determinations to the extent that such decision, findings, and determinations are affirmed or modified.

(c) The decisions, findings, and determinations of the authority with respect to questions of fact shall be final and conclusive, and shall not be set aside unless such decisions, findings, and determinations are found by the court to be unsupported by substantial evidence. In concluding whether the decisions, findings, and determinations of an authority are unsupported by substantial evidence, the court shall review the whole record or those parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be taken of the rule of prejudicial error.

(d) Any district court reviewing under this section the decision, findings, and determinations of an authority shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to section 3803(f) of this title unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objection. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that additional evidence not presented at such hearing is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at such hearing, the court shall remand the matter to the authority for consideration of such additional evidence.

(e) Upon a final determination by the district court that a person is liable under section 3802 of this title, the court shall enter a final judgment for the appropriate amount in favor of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1944.)
31 U.S.C. § 1103 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 11 / Section 1103: Budget ceiling
Budget ceiling
Status: in_force

Congress reaffirms its commitment that budget outlays of the United States Government for a fiscal year may be not more than the receipts of the Government for that year.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 908.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1103
31:27.
Oct. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–435, §7, 92 Stat. 1053; restated Oct. 7, 1980, Pub. L. 96–389, §3, 94 Stat. 1553.

The word "total" is omitted as surplus. The words "for a fiscal year" are substituted for "beginning with Fiscal Year 1981" because of the restatement and to eliminate executed words. The words "for that year" are added because of the restatement.
31 U.S.C. § 6708 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 67 / Section 6708: Adjustments of local government allocations
Adjustments of local government allocations
Status: in_force

(a) Maximum Amount.—The amount allocated to a unit of general local government for a payment period may not exceed the adjusted taxes imposed by the unit of general local government as determined under section 6705(b)(3).1 Amounts in excess of adjusted taxes shall be paid to the Governor of the State in which the unit of local government is located.

(b) De Minimis Allocations to Units of General Local Government.—If the amount allocated to a unit of general local government (except an Indian tribe or an Alaskan native 2 village) for a payment period would be less than $5,000 but for this subsection or is waived by the governing authority of the unit of general local government, the Secretary shall pay the amount to the Governor of the State in which the unit is located.

(c) Use of Payments to States.—The Governor of a State shall use all amounts paid to the Governor under subsections (a) and (b) for programs described in section 6701(a)(2) in areas of the State where are located the units of general local government with respect to which amounts are paid under subsection (b).

(d) De Minimis Allocations to Indian Tribes and Alaskan Native Villages.—

(1) Aggregation of de minimis allocations.—If the amount allocated to an Indian tribe or an Alaskan native 2 village for a payment period would be less than $5,000 but for this subsection or is waived by the chief elected official of the tribe or village, the amount—

(A) shall not be paid to the tribe or village (except under paragraph (2)); and

(B) shall be aggregated with other such amounts and available for use by the Attorney General under paragraph (2).

(2) Use of aggregated amounts.—Amounts aggregated under paragraph (1) for a payment period shall be available for use by the Attorney General to make grants in the payment period on a competitive basis to Indian Tribes 3 and Alaskan native 2 village 4 for—

(A) programs described in section 6701(a)(2); or

(B) renovating or building prisons or other correctional facilities.

(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1872.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6708, Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1017, related to county area and county government allocations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(a)(1), (e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327, 329, eff. Oct. 18, 1986.

1 So in original. Probably should be section "6705(c)(3)."

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

3 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

4 So in original. Probably should be "villages".
31 U.S.C. § 3717 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 37 / Subchapter II / Section 3717: Interest and penalty on claims
Interest and penalty on claims
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency shall charge a minimum annual rate of interest on an outstanding debt on a United States Government claim owed by a person that is equal to the average investment rate for the Treasury tax and loan accounts for the 12-month period ending on September 30 of each year, rounded to the nearest whole percentage point. The Secretary of the Treasury shall publish the rate before November 1 of that year. The rate is effective on the first day of the next calendar quarter.

(2) The Secretary may change the rate of interest for a calendar quarter if the average investment rate for the 12-month period ending at the close of the prior calendar quarter, rounded to the nearest whole percentage point, is more or less than the existing published rate by 2 percentage points.

(b) Interest under subsection (a) of this section accrues from the date—

(1) on which notice is mailed after October 25, 1982, if notice was first mailed before October 25, 1982; or

(2) notice of the amount due is first mailed to the debtor at the most current address of the debtor available to the head of the executive or 1 legislative agency, if notice is first mailed after October 24, 1982.

(c) The rate of interest charged under subsection (a) of this section—

(1) is the rate in effect on the date from which interest begins to accrue under subsection (b) of this section; and

(2) remains fixed at that rate for the duration of the indebtedness.

(d) Interest under subsection (a) of this section may not be charged if the amount due on the claim is paid within 30 days after the date from which interest accrues under subsection (b) of this section. The head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency may extend the 30-day period.

(e) The head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency shall assess on a claim owed by a person—

(1) a charge to cover the cost of processing and handling a delinquent claim; and

(2) a penalty charge of not more than 6 percent a year for failure to pay a part of a debt more than 90 days past due.

(f) Interest under subsection (a) of this section does not accrue on a charge assessed under subsection (e) of this section.

(g) This section does not apply—

(1) if a statute, regulation required by statute, loan agreement, or contract prohibits charging interest or assessing charges or explicitly fixes the interest or charges; and

(2) to a claim under a contract executed before October 25, 1982, that is in effect on October 25, 1982.

(h) In conformity with standards prescribed jointly by the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Comptroller General, the head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency may prescribe regulations identifying circumstances appropriate to waiving collection of interest and charges under subsections (a) and (e) of this section. A waiver under the regulations is deemed to be compliance with this section.

(i)(1) The head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency may increase an administrative claim by the cost of living adjustment in lieu of charging interest and penalties under this section. Adjustments under this subsection will be computed annually.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term "cost of living adjustment" means the percentage by which the Consumer Price Index for the month of June of the calendar year preceding the adjustment exceeds the Consumer Price Index for the month of June of the calendar year in which the claim was determined or last adjusted; and

(B) the term "administrative claim" includes all debt that is not based on an extension of Government credit through direct loans, loan guarantees, or insurance, including fines, penalties, and overpayments.

(Added Pub L. 97–452, §1(16)(A), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2472; amended Pub. L. 104–134, title III, §31001(c)(1), (g)(1)(C), (q), Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–359, 1321–363, 1321–372.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3717(a)
31 App.:952(e)(1) (1st–3d sentences).
July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–508, 80 Stat. 308, §3(e)(1) (1st–3d sentences), (2)–(7); added Oct. 25, 1982, Pub. L. 97–365, §11, 96 Stat. 1755.

3717(b), (c)
31 App.:952(e)(5).

3717(d)
31 App.:952(e)(6).

3717(e)
31 App.:952(e)(2).

3717(f)
31 App.:952(e)(7).

3717(g)(1)
31 App.:952(e)(3) (1st sentence).

3717(g)(2)
31 App.:952(e)(4).

3717(h)
31 App.:952(e)(3) (2d, last sentences).

In subsection (a), the words "percentage point" and "percentage points" are substituted for "per centum" for clarity.

In subsections (a)(1) and (e), the words "Except as provided in paragraph (3)" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "for a calendar quarter" are substituted for "quarterly", and the words "prior calendar quarter" are substituted for "that calendar quarter", for clarity.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "Subject to paragraph (6)" and "except as provided in subparagraph (B)" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "on the claim" are omitted as surplus. The words "if notice is first mailed after October 24, 1982" are added for clarity.

In subsection (c), the words "on a claim" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (g)(1), the words "applicable" and "either" are omitted as surplus. The word "assessing" is added for clarity. The words "that apply to claims involved" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (h), the words "under this section" are added for clarity.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(c)(1), which directed that this section be amended by substituting "the head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency" for "the head of an executive or legislative agency" wherever appearing, was executed by substituting "The head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency" for "The head of an executive or legislative agency", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(c)(1), which directed that this section be amended by substituting "the head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency" for "the head of an executive or legislative agency" wherever appearing, was executed by substituting "The head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency" for "The head of an executive or legislative agency", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(c)(1), (g)(1)(C), inserted ", the Secretary of the Treasury," after "Attorney General" and substituted "the head of an executive, judicial, or legislative agency" for "the head of an executive or legislative agency".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(q), added subsec. (i).

1 So in original. Probably should be ", judicial, or".
31 U.S.C. § 1501 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 15 / Subchapter I / Section 1501: Documentary evidence requirement for Government obligations
Documentary evidence requirement for Government obligations
Status: in_force

(a) An amount shall be recorded as an obligation of the United States Government only when supported by documentary evidence of—

(1) a binding agreement between an agency and another person (including an agency) that is—

(A) in writing, in a way and form, and for a purpose authorized by law; and

(B) executed before the end of the period of availability for obligation of the appropriation or fund used for specific goods to be delivered, real property to be bought or leased, or work or service to be provided;

(2) a loan agreement showing the amount and terms of repayment;

(3) an order required by law to be placed with an agency;

(4) an order issued under a law authorizing purchases without advertising—

(A) when necessary because of a public exigency;

(B) for perishable subsistence supplies; or

(C) within specific monetary limits;

(5) a grant or subsidy payable—

(A) from appropriations made for payment of, or contributions to, amounts required to be paid in specific amounts fixed by law or under formulas prescribed by law;

(B) under an agreement authorized by law; or

(C) under plans approved consistent with and authorized by law;

(6) a liability that may result from pending litigation;

(7) employment or services of persons or expenses of travel under law;

(8) services provided by public utilities; or

(9) other legal liability of the Government against an available appropriation or fund.

(b) A statement of obligations provided to Congress or a committee of Congress by an agency shall include only those amounts that are obligations consistent with subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 927.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1501(a)
31:200(a).
Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 935, §1311(a), (e), 68 Stat. 830, 831.

1501(b)
31:200(e).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "After August 26, 1954" are omitted as executed. In clause (1), the words "an agency and another person (including an agency)" are substituted for "the parties thereto, including Government agencies" for clarity. In clause (2), the word "valid" is omitted as unnecessary. In clause (6), the words "brought under authority of law" are omitted as surplus. In clause (9), the word "legally" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "consistent with" are substituted for "as defined in" for clarity and for consistency with section 1108 of the revised title. The word "valid" is omitted as unnecessary.
31 U.S.C. § 3801 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 38 / Section 3801: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

(a) For purposes of this chapter—

(1) "authority" means—

(A) an executive department;

(B) a military department;

(C) an establishment (as such term is defined in section 401 of title 5) which is not an executive department;

(D) the United States Postal Service;

(E) the National Science Foundation; and

(F) a designated Federal entity (as such term is defined under section 415(a) of title 5);

(2) "authority head" means—

(A) the head of an authority; or

(B) an official or employee of the authority designated, in regulations promulgated by the head of the authority, to act on behalf of the head of the authority;

(3) "claim" means any request, demand, or submission—

(A) made to an authority for property, services, or money (including money representing grants, loans, insurance, or benefits);

(B) made to a recipient of property, services, or money from an authority or to a party to a contract with an authority—

(i) for property or services if the United States—

(I) provided such property or services;

(II) provided any portion of the funds for the purchase of such property or services; or

(III) will reimburse such recipient or party for the purchase of such property or services; or

(ii) for the payment of money (including money representing grants, loans, insurance, or benefits) if the United States—

(I) provided any portion of the money requested or demanded; or

(II) will reimburse such recipient or party for any portion of the money paid on such request or demand; or

(C) made to an authority which has the effect of concealing or improperly avoiding or decreasing an obligation to pay or transmit property, services, or money to the authority,

except that such term does not include any claim made in any return of tax imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;

(4) "investigating official" means an individual who—

(A)(i) in the case of an authority in which an Office of Inspector General is established by chapter 4 of title 5 or by any other Federal law, is the Inspector General of that authority or an officer or employee of such Office designated by the Inspector General;

(ii) in the case of an authority in which an Office of Inspector General is not established by chapter 4 of title 5 or by any other Federal law, is an officer or employee of the authority designated by the authority head to conduct investigations under section 3803(a)(1) of this title; or

(iii) in the case of a military department, is the Inspector General of the Department of Defense or an officer or employee of the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Defense who is designated by the Inspector General; and

(B) who, if a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty, is serving in grade O–7 or above or, if a civilian employee, is serving in a position for which the rate of basic pay is not less than the minimum rate of basic pay for grade GS–16 under the General Schedule;

(5) "knows or has reason to know", for purposes of establishing liability under section 3802, means that a person, with respect to a claim or statement—

(A) has actual knowledge that the claim or statement is false, fictitious, or fraudulent;

(B) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement; or

(C) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement,

and no proof of specific intent to defraud is required;

(6) "person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or private organization;

(7) "presiding officer" means—

(A) in the case of an authority to which the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 apply, an administrative law judge appointed in the authority pursuant to section 3105 of such title or detailed to the authority pursuant to section 3344 of such title;

(B) in the case of an authority to which the provisions of such subchapter do not apply, an officer or employee of the authority who—

(i) is selected under chapter 33 of title 5 pursuant to the competitive examination process applicable to administrative law judges;

(ii) is appointed by the authority head to conduct hearings under section 3803 of this title;

(iii) is assigned to cases in rotation so far as practicable;

(iv) may not perform duties inconsistent with the duties and responsibilities of a presiding officer;

(v) is entitled to pay prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management independently of ratings and recommendations made by the authority and in accordance with chapter 51 of such title and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title;

(vi) is not subject to performance appraisal pursuant to chapter 43 of such title; and

(vii) may be removed, suspended, furloughed, or reduced in grade or pay only for good cause established and determined by the Merit Systems Protection Board on the record after opportunity for hearing by such Board; or

(C) a member of the board of contract appeals pursuant to section 7105 of title 41, if the authority does not employ an available presiding officer under subparagraph (A);

(8) "reviewing official" means any officer or employee of an authority—

(A) who is designated by the authority head to make the determination required under section 3803(a)(2) of this title;

(B) who, if a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty, is serving in grade O–7 or above or, if a civilian employee, is serving in a position for which the rate of basic pay is not less than the minimum rate of basic pay for grade GS–16 under the General Schedule; and

(C) who is—

(i) not subject to supervision by, or required to report to, the investigating official; and

(ii) not employed in the organizational unit of the authority in which the investigating official is employed;

(9) "statement" means any representation, certification, affirmation, document, record, or accounting or bookkeeping entry made—

(A) with respect to a claim or to obtain the approval or payment of a claim (including relating to eligibility to make a claim); or

(B) with respect to (including relating to eligibility for)—

(i) a contract with, or a bid or proposal for a contract with; or

(ii) a grant, loan, or benefit from,

an authority, or any State, political subdivision of a State, or other party, if the United States Government provides any portion of the money or property under such contract or for such grant, loan, or benefit, or if the Government will reimburse such State, political subdivision, or party for any portion of the money or property under such contract or for such grant, loan, or benefit,

except that such term does not include any statement made in any return of tax imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;

(10) "material" has the meaning given the term in section 3729(b) of this title; and

(11) "obligation" has the meaning given the term in section 3729(b) of this title.

(b) For purposes of paragraph (3) of subsection (a)—

(1) each voucher, invoice, claim form, or other individual request or demand for property, services, or money constitutes a separate claim;

(2) each claim for property, services, or money is subject to this chapter regardless of whether such property, services, or money is actually delivered or paid; and

(3) a claim shall be considered made, presented, or submitted to an authority, recipient, or party when such claim is actually made to an agent, fiscal intermediary, or other entity, including any State or political subdivision thereof, acting for or on behalf of such authority, recipient, or party.

(c) For purposes of paragraph (9) of subsection (a)—

(1) each written representation, certification, or affirmation constitutes a separate statement; and

(2) a statement shall be considered made, presented, or submitted to an authority when such statement is actually made to an agent, fiscal intermediary, or other entity, including any State or political subdivision thereof, acting for or on behalf of such authority.

(d) For purposes of subsection (a)(10), materiality shall be determined in the same manner as under section 3729 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1934; amended Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(f)(1)(Q), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, §7017, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 110–409, §10, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4314; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(56), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4349; Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LII, §5203(b)(1), (g)(1)(A), (i), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2440, 2442, 2443.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), (9), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 118–159, §5203(b)(1), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "made to an authority which has the effect of decreasing an obligation to pay or account for property, services, or money,".

Subsec. (a)(7)(C). Pub. L. 118–159, §5203(g)(1)(A), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (a)(10), (11). Pub. L. 118–159, §5203(i)(1), added pars. (10) and (11).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–159, §5203(i)(2), added subsec. (d).

2022—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(56)(A), substituted "section 401 of title 5)" for "section 11(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978)".

Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(56)(B), substituted "section 415(a) of title 5)" for "section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978)".

Subsec. (a)(4)(A)(i). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(56)(C), substituted "chapter 4 of title 5" for "the Inspector General Act of 1978".

Subsec. (a)(4)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(56)(D), substituted "chapter 4 of title 5" for "the Inspector General Act of 1978".

2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 110–409 added subpar. (F).

2007—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 110–69 added subpar. (E).

1994—Subsec. (a)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "section 3803 of this title" for "section 3803 of such title".

1986—Subsec. (a)(3), (9). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LII, §5203(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2440, provided that: "Any reference to the Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986 in any provision of law, regulation, map, document, record, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed a reference to the Administrative False Claims Act [see Short Title note below]."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, subtitle B (§§6101–6104), §6104, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1948, provided that: "This subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle [see Short Title note below] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1986], and shall apply to any claim or statement made, presented, or submitted on or after such date."

Short Title

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, subtitle B (§§6101–6104), §6101, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1934, as amended by Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LII, §5203(a)(1)(B), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2440, provided that: "This subtitle [enacting this chapter, amending section 504 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Administrative False Claims Act'."

Regulations

Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LII, §5203(g)(3), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2443, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], each authority head, as defined in section 3801 of title 31, United States Code, and each board of contract appeals of a board described in subparagraph (B), (C), or (D) of section 7105(e)[(1)] of title 41, United States Code, shall amend procedures regarding proceedings as necessary to implement the amendments made by this subsection [amending this section, section 3803 of this title, and section 7105 of Title 41, Public Contracts]."

Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LII, §5203(j), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2443, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], each authority head, as defined in section 3801 of title 31, United States Code, shall—

"(1) promulgate regulations and procedures to carry out this Act [probably should be "this section", which amended this section, sections 3802, 3803, 3806, and 3808 of this title, section 405 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 7105 of Title 41, Public Contracts, and enacted and amended provisions set out as notes under this section] and the amendments made by this Act; and

"(2) review and update existing regulations and procedures of the authority to ensure compliance with this Act and the amendments made by this Act."

References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates

References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.

Congressional Findings and Purposes

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, subtitle B (§§6101–6104), §6102, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1934, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds that—

"(1) false, fictitious, and fraudulent claims and statements in Government programs are a serious problem;

"(2) false, fictitious, and fraudulent claims and statements in Government programs result in the loss of millions of dollars annually by allowing persons to receive Federal funds to which they are not entitled;

"(3) false, fictitious, and fraudulent claims and statements in Government programs undermine the integrity of such programs by allowing ineligible persons to participate in such programs; and

"(4) present civil and criminal remedies for such claims and statements are not sufficiently responsive.

"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this subtitle [see Short Title note above] are—

"(1) to provide Federal agencies which are the victims of false, fictitious, and fraudulent claims and statements with an administrative remedy to recompense such agencies for losses resulting from such claims and statements, to permit administrative proceedings to be brought against persons who make, present, or submit such claims and statements, and to deter the making, presenting, and submitting of such claims and statements in the future; and

"(2) to provide due process protections to all persons who are subject to the administrative adjudication of false, fictitious, or fraudulent claims or statements."
31 U.S.C. § 331 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 3 / Subchapter II / Section 331: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to Congress each year an annual report. The report shall include—

(1) a statement of the public receipts and public expenditures for the prior fiscal year;

(2) estimates of public receipts and public expenditures for the current and next fiscal years;

(3) plans for improving and increasing public receipts to provide Congress with information on ways to raise amounts necessary to meet public expenditures;

(4) a statement of all contracts for supplies or services made by the Secretary during the prior fiscal year;

(5) a statement of appropriations expended to pay for miscellaneous claims not otherwise provided for;

(6) a statement on all payments made from the fund under section 3126 of this title for the prior fiscal year; and

(7) estimates of amounts for payment under section 1322(b) of this title.

(b)(1) On the first day of each regular session of Congress, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report for the prior fiscal year on—

(A) the total and individual amounts of contingent liabilities and unfunded liabilities of the United States Government;

(B) as far as practicable, trust fund liabilities, liabilities of Government corporations, indirect liabilities not included as a part of the public debt, and liabilities of insurance and annuity programs (including their actuarial status);

(C) collateral pledged and assets available (or to be realized) as security for the liabilities (separately noting Government obligations) and other assets specifically available to liquidate the liabilities of the Government; and

(D) the total amount in each category under clauses (A)–(C) of this paragraph for each agency.

(2) The report shall present the information required under paragraph (1) of this subsection in a concise way, with explanatory material (including an analysis of the significance of liabilities based on past experience and probable risk) the Secretary considers desirable.

(c) On the first day of each regular session of Congress, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report for the prior fiscal year on the total amount of public receipts and public expenditures listing receipts, when practicable, by ports, districts, and States and the expenditures by each appropriation.

(d) The Secretary shall report to either House of Congress in person or in writing, as required, on matters referred to the Secretary by that House of Congress.

(e)(1) Not later than March 31 of 1998 and each year thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, shall annually prepare and submit to the President and the Congress an audited financial statement for the preceding fiscal year, covering all accounts and associated activities of the executive branch of the United States Government. The financial statement shall reflect the overall financial position, including assets and liabilities, and results of operations of the executive branch of the United States Government, and shall be prepared in accordance with the form and content requirements set forth by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(2) The Comptroller General of the United States shall audit the financial statement required by this section.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 884; Pub. L. 103–356, title IV, §405(c), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3416.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. CodeSource (Statutes at Large)

331(a)(1)– (5)
31:1027.
R.S. §257.

 
31:1030.
Feb. 26, 1907, ch. 1635, §1(2d par. under heading "Treasury Department"), 34 Stat. 949.

331(a)(6)
31:757c(i)(last sentence).
Sept. 24, 1917, ch. 56, 40 Stat. 288, §22(i)(last sentence); added Apr. 11, 1943, ch. 52, §3, 57 Stat. 63; restated Apr. 3, 1945, ch. 51, §3, 59 Stat. 48.

331(a)(7)
31:725p(a)(last sentence).
June 26, 1934, ch. 756, §§17(a)(last sentence), 18(a)(last sentence), 48 Stat. 1230, 1231.

 
31:725q(a)(last sentence).

331(b)
31:757f.
Nov. 13, 1966, Pub. L. 89–809, §402, 80 Stat. 1590; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §2(17), 90 Stat. 375.

331(c)
31:1029.
July 31, 1894, ch. 174, §15, 28 Stat. 210.

331(d)
31:1002(words between 4th and 5th semicolons)
R.S. §248(words between 4th and 5th semicolons).

In subsections (a) and (c), the word "receipts" is substituted for "revenues" for consistency in the section and the revised title.

In subsection (a)(1), the words "public receipts and public expenditures" are substituted for "receipts and expenditures of the Government" in 31:1030 for consistency in the section. The word "completed" is omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "First. A report on the subject of finance" in 31:1027 are omitted because of the restatement. The word "containing" is omitted as surplus. In clause (4), the words "Second. A report containing" are omitted because of the restatement. The words "prior fiscal year" are substituted for "during the year preceding" for consistency. In clause (5), the words "paid at the Treasury" are omitted as unnecessary. The 3d paragraph of section 257 of the Revised Statutes, providing for a report on rules and regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury on imported goods, wares, and merchandise, is omitted as obsolete because section 252 of the Revised Statutes, authorizing those rules and regulations, was repealed by the Act of February 27, 1877 (ch. 69, 19 Stat. 241). The 4th paragraph of section 257, providing for a report on amounts of hospital taxes collected from sick and disabled seamen, is omitted as obsolete because section 15 of the Act of June 26, 1884 (ch. 121, 23 Stat. 57), repealed the tax. In clause (7), the words "the Commissioners of the District of Columbia" (subsequently changed to "the Mayor of the District of Columbia" by section 422 of the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act (Pub. L. 93–198, 87 Stat. 790)) in 31:725p are omitted as unnecessary because of §448 of the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act. The text of 31:725q(proviso) is omitted because of the restatement.

In subsection (b)(1), before clause (A), the words "for the prior fiscal year" are substituted for "as of the close of the preceding September 30 (beginning with the report as of June 30, 1967)" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (C), the word "obligations" is substituted for "securities" for consistency in the revised title. Clause (D) is substituted for "and of each department, agency, and instrumentality thereof" for clarity.

In subsection (c), the words "a report for the prior fiscal year on the total amount of public receipts and public expenditures" are substituted for "an accurate combined statement of the receipts and expenditures during the last preceding fiscal year of all public moneys" because of the restatement. The words "including those of the United States Postal Service" are omitted as unnecessary and superseded by 39:410.

In subsection (d), the words "either House of Congress" are substituted for "either branch of the legislature" for clarity and consistency. The words "that House of Congress" are substituted for "the Senate or House of Representatives" for consistency and because of the restatement. The words "or which appertain to his office" are omitted as unnecessary because of subsections (a)–(c) of the section.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–356 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which certain reporting requirements under subsecs. (a), (b)(1)(A), and (c) of this section are listed on pages 140 and 142), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, and section 1(a)(4) [div. A, §1402(1)] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out as notes under section 1113 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 3530 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 35 / Subchapter III / Section 3530: Adjusting accounts
Adjusting accounts
Status: in_force

(a) An appropriation or fund currently available for the expense of an accountable function shall be charged with an amount necessary to adjust an account of an accountable official or agent when—

(1) necessary to adjust the account for a loss to the United States Government resulting from the fault or negligence of the official or agent; and

(2) the head of the agency decides the loss is uncollectable.

(b) An adjustment does not affect the personal financial liability of an official or agent for the loss.

(c) The Comptroller General shall prescribe regulations to carry out subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Under procedures prescribed by the Comptroller General, the head of an agency may charge the net amount of unpaid and overpaid balances in individual pay accounts against the appropriation for the fiscal year in which the balances occurred and from which the accounts were payable. The net amount shall be credited to and paid from the corresponding appropriation for the next fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 967.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3530(a)
31:1202(a)(1st sentence).
June 6, 1972, Pub. L. 92–310, §102, 86 Stat. 201.

3530(b)
31:1202(a)(last sentence).

3530(c)
31:1202(b).

3530(d)
31:581d.
July 15, 1954, ch. 509, §3(a), 68 Stat. 483.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "restore or otherwise" are omitted as surplus. The word "currently" is substituted for "at the time the restoration or adjustment is made" to eliminate unnecessary words. The word "official" is substituted for "officer" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In clause (2), the words "concerned" and "the amount of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "restoration or" are omitted as surplus and because of the restatement.

In subsections (c) and (d), the words "of the United States" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the words "and issue" are omitted as surplus. The words "to carry out subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "The restorations and adjustments provided for by subsection (a) of this section shall be made in accordance with" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (d), the word "settlement" is omitted as surplus. The words "the Secretary of the department concerned or . . . or independent establishment concerned" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The word "occurring" is omitted as surplus. The word "accounts" is substituted for "amount" before "was payable" for clarity. The word "succeeding" is omitted as surplus.
31 U.S.C. § 9502 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 95 / Section 9502: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter—

(1) "Government pension plan"—

(A) means a pension, annuity, retirement, or similar plan (except a plan covered under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) or a plan or program financed by contributions required under chapter 21 or 22 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 3101 et seq., 3201 et seq.)) established or maintained by an agency, for any of its officers or employees, regardless of the number of participants covered by the plan; and

(B) includes—

(i) the Civil Service Retirement System.

(ii) the Coast Guard Retirement System.

(iii) the Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service Retirement System.

(iv) the Farm Credit District Retirement Plans.

(v) the Federal Home Loan Bank Board Retirement Systems.

(vi) the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Plan.

(vii) the Federal Reserve Employees Retirement Plans.

(viii) the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System.

(ix) judicial plans.

(x) the Military Retirement System.

(xi) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retirement System.

(xii) nonappropriated fund plans.

(xiii) the Tennessee Valley Authority Retirement System.

(2) "plan year" means the calendar, policy, or fiscal year chosen by the Government pension plan on which the records of the plan are kept.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

9502(1)
31:68c.
Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, 64 Stat. 832, §§123, 124; added Nov. 4, 1978, Pub. L. 95–595, §1, 92 Stat. 2542.

9502(2)
31:68d.

In clause (1), before subclause (A), the word "Federal" is omitted as unnecessary. In subclause (A), the words "whether or not such plan is an employee pension benefit plan within the meaning of section 3(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 [29 U.S.C. 1002(2)]" are omitted as surplus. The words "an agency" are substituted for "Government of the United States, or any agency or instrumentality thereof" because of section 101 of the revised title. In subclause (B), before subclause (i), the words "but is not limited to" are omitted as surplus. The text of 31:68c(b)(words before colon) is omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.

In clause (2), 31:68d(1st sentence) is omitted as executed. The definition in 31:68d(last sentence) is made applicable to the chapter for clarity because the defined term is used in 9503(a)(1)(B) of the revised title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in par. (1)(A), is Pub. L. 93–406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829, which is classified principally to chapter 18 (§1001 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 29 and Tables.

Amendments

1986—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
31 U.S.C. § 3557 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 35 / Subchapter V / Section 3557: Expedited action in protests of public-private competitions
Expedited action in protests of public-private competitions
Status: in_force

For any protest of a public-private competition conducted under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 with respect to the performance of an activity or function of a Federal agency, the Comptroller General shall administer the provisions of this subchapter in the manner best suited for expediting the final resolution of the protest and the final action in the public-private competition.

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title III, §326(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 63; amended Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, §1061(c)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4613.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 3557, added Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §739(c)(1)(B)(i), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2030, related to an expedited action in protests for public-private competitions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, §1061(c)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4613.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "public-private" for "Public-Private" in section catchline.
31 U.S.C. § 6707 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 67 / Section 6707: State variation of local government allocations
State variation of local government allocations
Status: in_force

(a) State Formula.—A State government may provide by law for the allocation of amounts among units of general local government in the State on the basis of population multiplied by the general tax effort factors or income gaps of the units of general local government determined under sections 6705(a) and (b) 1 or a combination of those factors. A State government providing for a variation of an allocation formula provided under sections 6705(a) and (b) 1 shall notify the Secretary of the variation by the 30th day before the beginning of the first payment period in which the variation applies. A variation shall—

(1) provide for allocating the total amount allocated under sections 6705(a) and (b); 1 and

(2) apply uniformly in the State.

(b) Certification.—A variation by a State government under this section may apply only if the Secretary certifies that the variation complies with this section. The Secretary may certify a variation only if the Secretary is notified of the variation at least 30 days before the first payment period in which the variation applies.

(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1872.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6707, Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 98–185, §9(c), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1312, related to State allocations for units of general local government, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(a)(1), (e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327, 329, eff. Oct. 18, 1986.

1 So in original. Probably should be "section 6705(a) and (c)".
31 U.S.C. § 522 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 5 / Subchapter II / Section 522: Necessary expenditures
Necessary expenditures
Status: in_force

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget may make necessary expenditures for the Office under regulations prescribed by the President.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 886.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

522
31:17(a)(related to expenses).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §208(a)(related to expenses), 42 Stat. 22; Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1939, eff. July 1, 1939, §1, 53 Stat. 1423; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085.

The words "for rent in the District of Columbia, printing, binding, telegrams, telephone service, law books, books of reference, periodicals, stationery, furniture, office equipment, other supplies, and" are omitted as covered by titles 5, 40, and 44, and as being included in "necessary expenditures". The words "within the appropriations made therefor" are omitted as unnecessary.
31 U.S.C. § 9702 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 97 / Section 9702: Investment of trust funds
Investment of trust funds
Status: in_force

Except as required by a treaty of the United States, amounts held in trust by the United States Government (including annual interest earned on the amounts)—

(1) shall be invested in Government obligations; and

(2) shall earn interest at an annual rate of at least 5 percent.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

9702
31:547a.
R.S. §3659.

The section is substituted for 31:547a for clarity and consistency in the revised title.
31 U.S.C. § 3562 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 35 / Subchapter VI / Section 3562: Disposition of recovered funds
Disposition of recovered funds
Status: in_force

(a) Availability of Funds for Recovery Audits and Activities Program.—Funds collected under a program carried out by an executive agency under section 3352(i) of this title shall be available to the executive agency to reimburse the actual expenses incurred by the executive agency in the administration of the program.

[(b), (c). Repealed. Pub. L. 111–204, §2(h)(6)(A)(i), July 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 2231.]

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VIII, §831(a)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 111–204, §2(h)(6)(A), July 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 2231; Pub. L. 116–117, §3(b)(4), Mar. 2, 2020, 134 Stat. 134.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–117 substituted "section 3352(i)" for "section 3561" and "agency to reimburse" for "agency for the following purposes: (1) To reimburse" and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "To pay contractors for services under the program in accordance with the guidance issued under section 3561(c)(5) of this title."

2010—Pub. L. 111–204 repealed section but provided that subsec. (a) was to continue in effect, with certain exceptions related to programs carried out under section 3561 of this title. Prior to amendment, in addition to subsec. (a), section contained subsecs. (b) and (c) which related to treatment of funds not used for programs under section 3561 of this title and priority of other authorized dispositions, respectively.
31 U.S.C. § 902 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 9 / Section 902: Authority and functions of agency Chief Financial Officers
Authority and functions of agency Chief Financial Officers
Status: in_force

(a) An agency Chief Financial Officer shall—

(1) report directly to the head of the agency regarding financial management matters;

(2) oversee all financial management activities relating to the programs and operations of the agency;

(3) develop and maintain an integrated agency accounting and financial management system, including financial reporting and internal controls, which—

(A) complies with applicable accounting principles, standards, and requirements, and internal control standards;

(B) complies with such policies and requirements as may be prescribed by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;

(C) complies with any other requirements applicable to such systems; and

(D) provides for—

(i) complete, reliable, consistent, and timely information which is prepared on a uniform basis and which is responsive to the financial information needs of agency management;

(ii) the development and reporting of cost information;

(iii) the integration of accounting and budgeting information; and

(iv) the systematic measurement of performance;

(4) make recommendations to the head of the agency regarding the selection of the Deputy Chief Financial Officer of the agency;

(5) direct, manage, and provide policy guidance and oversight of agency financial management personnel, activities, and operations, including—

(A) the preparation and annual revision of an agency plan to—

(i) implement the 5-year financial management plan prepared by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under section 3512(a)(3) of this title; and

(ii) comply with the requirements established under sections 3515 and subsections (e) and (f) of section 3521 of this title;

(B) the development of agency financial management budgets;

(C) the recruitment, selection, and training of personnel to carry out agency financial management functions;

(D) the approval and management of agency financial management systems design or enhancement projects;

(E) the implementation of agency asset management systems, including systems for cash management, credit management, debt collection, and property and inventory management and control;

(6) prepare and transmit, by not later than 60 days after the submission of the audit report required by section 3521(f) of this title, an annual report to the agency head and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, which shall include—

(A) a description and analysis of the status of financial management of the agency;

(B) the annual financial statements prepared under section 3515 of this title;

(C) the audit report transmitted to the head of the agency under section 3521(f) of this title;

(D) a summary of the reports on internal accounting and administrative control systems submitted to the President and the Congress under the amendments made by the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982 (Public Law 97–255); and

(E) other information the head of the agency considers appropriate to fully inform the President and the Congress concerning the financial management of the agency;

(7) monitor the financial execution of the budget of the agency in relation to actual expenditures, and prepare and submit to the head of the agency timely performance reports; and

(8) review, on a biennial basis, the fees, royalties, rents, and other charges imposed by the agency for services and things of value it provides, and make recommendations on revising those charges to reflect costs incurred by it in providing those services and things of value.

(b)(1) In addition to the authority otherwise provided by this section, each agency Chief Financial Officer—

(A) subject to paragraph (2), shall have access to all records, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, or other material which are the property of the agency or which are available to the agency, and which relate to programs and operations with respect to which that agency Chief Financial Officer has responsibilities under this section;

(B) may request such information or assistance as may be necessary for carrying out the duties and responsibilities provided by this section from any Federal, State, or local governmental entity; and

(C) to the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, may—

(i) enter into contracts and other arrangements with public agencies and with private persons for the preparation of financial statements, studies, analyses, and other services; and

(ii) make such payments as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (1)(B), this subsection does not provide to an agency Chief Financial Officer any access greater than permitted under any other law to records, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, or other material of any Office of Inspector General established under chapter 4 of title 5.

(Added Pub. L. 101–576, title II, §205(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2843; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(49), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4348.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982, referred to in subsec. (a)(6)(D), is Pub. L. 97–255, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 814, which added subsec. (d) to section 66a of former Title 31, Money and Finance. Section 66a of former Title 31 was repealed by Pub. L. 97–258, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, and reenacted by the first section thereof as section 3512 of this title. Provisions relating to reports on internal accounting and administrative control systems are restated in section 3512(d)(2) and (3) of this title.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 4 of title 5." for "the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.)."
31 U.S.C. § 3123 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 31 / Subchapter II / Section 3123: Payment of obligations and interest on the public debt
Payment of obligations and interest on the public debt
Status: in_force

(a) The faith of the United States Government is pledged to pay, in legal tender, principal and interest on the obligations of the Government issued under this chapter.

(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay interest due or accrued on the public debt. As the Secretary considers expedient, the Secretary may pay in advance interest on the public debt by a period of not more than one year, with or without a rebate of interest on the coupons.

(c)(1) The Secretary may issue a bond, note, or certificate of indebtedness authorized under this chapter whose principal and interest are payable in a foreign currency stated in the bond, note, or certificate. The Secretary may dispose of the bonds, notes, and certificates at a price that is at least par value without complying with section 3102(b)–(d) of this title.

(2) In determining the dollar amount of bonds, notes, and certificates of indebtedness that may be issued under this chapter, the dollar equivalent of the amount of bonds, notes, and certificates payable in a foreign currency is determined by the par of the exchange value on the date of issue of the bonds, notes, or certificates as published by the Secretary under section 5151 of this title.

(3) The Secretary may designate depositaries in foreign countries in which any part of the proceeds of bonds, notes, or certificates of indebtedness payable in the foreign currency may be deposited.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 945.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3123(a)
31:731.
R.S. §3693.

 
31:753(d)(2d sentence).
Sept. 24, 1917, ch. 56, 40 Stat. 288, §18(d)(2d sentence); added Mar. 3, 1919, ch. 100, §1, 40 Stat. 1310.

 
31:768(words before semicolon).
Feb. 4, 1910, ch. 25, §1(words before semicolon), 36 Stat. 192.

3123(b)
31:732.
R.S. §3698.

 
31:733(words before semicolon).
R.S. §3699(words before semicolon); restated Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, §9, 48 Stat. 341.

3123(c)
31:766.
Sept. 24, 1917, ch. 56, 40 Stat. 288, §16; added Apr. 4, 1918, ch. 44, §6, 40 Stat. 505; Nov. 13, 1966, Pub. L. 89–809, §401, 80 Stat. 1590.

In subsection (a), the words "legal tender" are substituted for "in coin or its equivalent" in 31:731 and "gold coin of the present standard of value" in section 1 of the Act of Feb. 1, 1910, and section 18(d)(2d sentence) of the Second Liberty Bond Act because of section 1 of the Act of June 5, 1933 (ch. 48, 48 Stat. 113). The words "obligations of the Government" are substituted for 31:731(1st sentence 18th–last words), "thereof" in 31:753(d), and 31:768(1st 17 words) for clarity and consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. The text of 31:731(last sentence) is omitted as executed.

In subsection (b), the words "cause to be", "out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated", "falling", "any portion of", and "authorized by law" in 31:732 are omitted as surplus. The text of 31:733(words between semicolon and colon) is omitted as unnecessary because of chapter 53 of the revised title. The text of 31:733(words after colon) is omitted as superseded by the Bretton Woods Agreement Act (22 U.S.C. 286 et seq.) and sections 6 and 9 of the Act of Oct. 19, 1976 (Pub. L. 94–564, 90 Stat. 2661), repealing 31:449 that provided for parity of the dollar on terms of gold and special drawing rights.

In subsection (c), the word "currency" is substituted for "money or . . . moneys" for clarity and because of 1:1.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "but not also in United States gold coin" and "in such manner" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(2), the words "dollar" before "amount", and "value", are added for clarity. The words "estimated by the Director of the Mint, and" are omitted because of the source provisions restated in section 321(c) of the revised title. The word "published" is substituted for "proclaimed" for clarity.

In subsection (c)(3), the words "as he may determine" are omitted as surplus.
31 U.S.C. § 734 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 7 / Subchapter III / Section 734: Assignments and details to Congress
Assignments and details to Congress
Status: in_force

The Comptroller General may assign or detail an officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office to full-time continuous duty with a committee of Congress for not more than one year.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 899; Pub. L. 98–367, title I, §8, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

734(a)
31:1175(a).
Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–510, §235(a), 84 Stat. 1171.

734(b)
31:1175(c).
Oct. 26, 1970, Pub. L. 91–510, 84 Stat. 1140, §235(c); added Oct. 11, 1971, Pub. L. 92–136, §8, 85 Stat. 378.

In the section, the words "officer or" are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (a), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" are omitted as surplus. The word "continuous" is substituted for "on a continuing basis" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "committee of Congress" are substituted for "committee of the Senate or House of Representatives or with any joint committee of Congress" for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "any period of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "Comptroller General" are substituted for "General Accounting Office" for consistency. The word "pay" is substituted for "salary" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

1984—Pub. L. 98–367 struck out designation of provisions as "(a)" and struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: "A committee of the Senate or a joint committee of Congress for which the Secretary of the Senate disburses amounts shall reimburse the Comptroller General for the pay of each officer or employee of the Office for the time the officer or employee is assigned or detailed to the committee or joint committee."
31 U.S.C. § 3511 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 35 / Subchapter II / Section 3511: Prescribing accounting requirements and developing accounting systems
Prescribing accounting requirements and developing accounting systems
Status: in_force

(a) The Comptroller General shall prescribe the accounting principles, standards, and requirements that the head of each executive agency shall observe. Before prescribing the principles, standards, and requirements, the Comptroller General shall consult with the Secretary of the Treasury and the President on their accounting, financial reporting, and budgetary needs, and shall consider the needs of the heads of the other executive agencies.

(b) Requirements prescribed under subsection (a) of this section shall—

(1) provide for suitable integration between the accounting process of each executive agency and the accounting of the Department of the Treasury;

(2) allow the head of each agency to carry out section 3512 of this title; and

(3) provide a method of—

(A) integrated accounting for the United States Government;

(B) complete disclosure of the results of the financial operations of each agency and the Government; and

(C) financial information and control the President and Congress require to carry out their responsibilities.

(c) Consistent with subsections (a) and (b) of this section—

(1) the authority of the Comptroller General continues under section 121(b) of title 40; and

(2) the Comptroller General may prescribe the forms, systems, and procedures that the judicial branch of the Government (except the Supreme Court) shall observe.

(d) The Comptroller General, the Secretary, and the President shall conduct a continuous program for improving accounting and financial reporting in the Government.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 959; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(h)(5), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1299.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3511(a)
31:66(a)(1st sentence words before last comma).
Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §§111(f), 112(a), 64 Stat. 835; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085.

3511(b)
31:66(a)(1st sentence words after last comma, 2d sentence).

3511(c)
31:49
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §309, 42 Stat. 25.

 
31:66(a)(3d, last sentences).

3511(d)
31:65(f).

In the section, the words "the head of" are added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (a), the words "of the United States" are omitted as surplus. The word "President" is substituted for "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" because sections 101 and 102(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (eff. July 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 2085) redesignated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget and transferred all functions of the Bureau to the President.

In subsection (b)(3), the words "as a whole" and "respective" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (c)(2) is substituted for 31:49 and the words "and, to the extent he deems necessary, the authority vested in him by section 49 of this title" in 31:66(a) for clarity and consistency. H. Rept. 2556, 81st Cong. (1950), states that the Comptroller General will be able to prescribe appropriation and fund accounting systems under 31:49 "in terms of principles, standards and related requirements rather than in terms of detailed forms and procedures". The reference to the judicial branch covers authority that the Comptroller General was given under 31:49 that applies to departments and establishments except the Supreme Court that was not superseded by the source provisions restated in subsection (a) of this section.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "section 121(b) of title 40" for "section 205(b) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 486(b))".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Adoption of Capital Accounting Standards

Pub. L. 101–576, title III, §307, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2855, provided that: "No capital accounting standard or principle, including any human capital standard or principle, shall be adopted for use in an executive department or agency until such standard has been reported to the Congress and a period of 45 days of continuous session of the Congress has expired."
31 U.S.C. § 6716 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 67 / Section 6716: Civil action by a person adversely affected
Civil action by a person adversely affected
Status: in_force

(a) Authority for Private Suits in Federal or State Court.—If a unit of general local government, or an officer or employee of a unit of general local government acting in an official capacity, engages in a practice prohibited by this chapter, a person adversely affected by the practice may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States or a State court of general jurisdiction. Before bringing an action under this section, the person must exhaust administrative remedies under subsection (b).

(b) Administrative Remedies Required To Be Exhausted.—A person adversely affected shall file an administrative complaint with the Secretary or the head of another agency of the United States Government or the State agency with which the Secretary has an agreement under section 6711(d). Administrative remedies are deemed to be exhausted by the person after the 90th day after the complaint was filed if the Secretary, the head of the Government agency, or the State agency—

(1) issues a decision that the government has not failed to comply with this chapter; or

(2) does not issue a decision on the complaint.

(c) Authority of Court.—In an action under this section, the court—

(1) may grant—

(A) a temporary restraining order;

(B) an injunction; or

(C) another order, including suspension, termination, or repayment of, payments under this chapter or placement of additional payments under this chapter in escrow pending the outcome of the action; and

(2) to enforce compliance with section 6711(a) or (b), may allow a prevailing party (except the United States Government) a reasonable attorney's fee.

(d) Intervention by Attorney General.—In an action under this section to enforce compliance with section 6711(a) or (b), the Attorney General may intervene in the action if the Attorney General certifies that the action is of general public importance. The United States Government is entitled to the same relief as if the Government had brought the action and is liable for the same fees and costs as a private person.

(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1878.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6716, Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 98–185, §9(f), (g), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 98–216, §1(8), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 4, related to prohibition of discrimination, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(a)(1), (e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327, 329, eff. Oct. 18, 1986.
31 U.S.C. § 3303 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 33 / Subchapter I / Section 3303: Designation of depositaries
Designation of depositaries
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of the Treasury designates depositaries of money as provided in this section and under other law.

(b) When necessary to carry out the business of the United States Government and under conditions the Secretary decides are necessary, the Secretary may designate depositaries in foreign countries and in territories and possessions of the United States to receive deposits of public money. The Secretary shall give preference to United States financial institutions the Secretary decides are safe and able to give the service required.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 949.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

3303(a)
(no source).

3303(b)
31:473.
June 19, 1922, ch. 228, 42 Stat. 662.

Subsection (a) is added to inform the reader that there are numerous other laws providing for the designation of depositaries. These other laws are scattered throughout the titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (b), the words "carry out" are substituted for "transaction" for consistency. The words "terms and . . . as to security and otherwise" and "of public moneys" are omitted as surplus. The words "territories and possessions of the United States" are substituted for "Territories and insular possessions of the United States" for consistency. The words "to receive deposits of public money" are added for clarity.
31 U.S.C. § 6905 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 69 / Section 6905: Redwood National Park and the Lake Tahoe Basin
Redwood National Park and the Lake Tahoe Basin
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of the Interior shall make a payment for each fiscal year to each unit of general local government in which an interest in land owned by the United States Government in the Redwood National Park is located. A unit may use the payment for any governmental purpose. The payment shall be made as provided in section 6903 of this title and shall include an amount payable under section 6903.

(b)(1) In addition to payments the Secretary makes under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall make a payment for each fiscal year to each unit of general local government in which is located an interest in land—

(A) owned by the Government in the Redwood National Park; or

(B) acquired in the Lake Tahoe Basin under the Act of December 23, 1980 (Public Law 96–586, 94 Stat. 3383).

(2) The payment shall be made as provided in section 6904 of this title and shall include an amount payable under section 6904. However, an amount computed but not paid because of the first sentence of subsection (b) and the 2d sentence of subsection (c) of section 6904 shall be carried forward and applied to future years in which the payment would not otherwise equal the amount of real property taxes assessed and levied on the land during the last fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the interest was acquired until the amount is applied completely.

(3) The unit of general local government may use the payment for any governmental purpose.

(4) The Redwoods Community College District is a school district under section 6904(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1034.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

6905(a)
16:79o(a), (b).
Mar. 27, 1978, Pub. L. 95–250, §106, 92 Stat. 171.

6905(b)(1)– (3)
(uncodified).
Dec. 23, 1980, Pub. L. 96–586, §2(i), 94 Stat. 3383.

 
16:79o(c).

6905(b)(4)
16:79o(d).

In subsection (a), the words "Notwithstanding any contrary provision of sections 1601 to 1607 of title 31" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The word "general" is added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words "an interest in" are added for consistency because of the source provisions restated in the revised section. The word "Government" is added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The text of 16:79o(a)(last sentence) is omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b)(1)–(3), the source provisions are combined for clarity and because of the restatement.

In subsection (b)(2), the words "portion of the total", "full", and "land or" are omitted as surplus. The words "for addition to Redwood National Park" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.

In subsection (b)(4), the word "affected" is omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The provisions of Act of December 23, 1980 (Public Law 96–586, 94 Stat. 3383) which relate to the acquisition of the Lake Tahoe Basin, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), are not classified to the Code.
31 U.S.C. § 3807 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 38 / Section 3807: Right to administrative offset
Right to administrative offset
Status: in_force

(a) The amount of any penalty or assessment which has become final under section 3803 of this title, or for which a judgment has been entered under section 3805(e) or 3806 of this title, or any amount agreed upon in a settlement or compromise under section 3803(j) or 3806(f) of this title, may be collected by administrative offset under section 3716 of this title, except that an administrative offset may not be made under this subsection against a refund of an overpayment of Federal taxes, then or later owing by the United States to the person liable for such penalty or assessment.

(b) All amounts collected pursuant to this section shall be remitted to the Secretary of the Treasury for deposit in accordance with section 3806(g) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1947.)
31 U.S.C. § 521 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 5 / Subchapter II / Section 521: Employees
Employees
Status: in_force

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall appoint and fix the pay of employees of the Office under regulations prescribed by the President.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 886.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

521
31:17(a)(related to employees).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §208(a)(related to employees), 42 Stat. 22; Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1939, eff. July 1, 1939, §1, 53 Stat. 1423; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085.

The words "attorneys and other" are omitted as being included in "employees".
31 U.S.C. § 5367 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 53 / Subchapter IV / Section 5367: Circumventions prohibited
Circumventions prohibited
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding section 5362(2), a financial transaction provider, or any interactive computer service or telecommunications service, may be liable under this subchapter if such person has actual knowledge and control of bets and wagers, and—

(1) operates, manages, supervises, or directs an Internet website at which unlawful bets or wagers may be placed, received, or otherwise made, or at which unlawful bets or wagers are offered to be placed, received, or otherwise made; or

(2) owns or controls, or is owned or controlled by, any person who operates, manages, supervises, or directs an Internet website at which unlawful bets or wagers may be placed, received, or otherwise made, or at which unlawful bets or wagers are offered to be placed, received, or otherwise made.

(Added Pub. L. 109–347, title VIII, §802(a), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1961.)
31 U.S.C. § 773 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 7 / Subchapter V / Section 773: Election of survivor benefits
Election of survivor benefits
Status: in_force

(a) To provide survivor benefits, a Comptroller General may elect in writing to reduce the pay and annuity of the Comptroller General. An election shall be made within 6 months of taking office or, if an election is made under section 772(c) of this title, by the 60th day after making an election under section 772(c).

(b) A Comptroller General electing to provide survivor benefits shall—

(1) have 4.5 percent of the pay received as Comptroller General and 5 percent of the annuity of the Comptroller General deducted; and

(2) deposit with the Government Accountability Office for redeposit in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts—

(A) 4.5 percent of the pay and annuity received as Comptroller General before the deductions begin;

(B) 4.5 percent of basic pay received as a member of Congress or for other civilian service on which a surviving spouse's annuity is computed under section 774(d) of this title; and

(C) 4 percent interest before January 1, 1948, and 3 percent interest after December 31, 1947, compounded every December 31, on amounts deposited.

(c) This subchapter does not prevent a surviving spouse or dependent child from receiving another annuity while receiving an annuity under section 774 of this title. However, service used in computing an annuity under section 774 may not be used in computing the other annuity.

(d) The reduction in the Comptroller General's annuity under subsection (b)(1) for the purpose of providing survivor benefits shall be terminated for each full month after the death of the spouse.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 100–426, title II, §204, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1600; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

773(a)
31:43b(a).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 42 Stat. 20, §319(a); added July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–87, 73 Stat. 197; July 26, 1966, Pub. L. 89–520, §2, 80 Stat. 329.

773(b)
31:43b(b), (c).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 42 Stat. 20, §319(b), (c); added July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–87, 73 Stat. 197; Oct. 25, 1978, Pub. L. 95–512, §2(1), 92 Stat. 1799.

773(c)
31:43b(q).
June 10, 1921, ch. 18, 42 Stat. 20, §319(q); added July 13, 1959, Pub. L. 86–87, 73 Stat. 200.

In subsections (a) and (b), the word "pay" is substituted for "salary", and the word "annuity" is substituted for "retirement pay", for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In subsection (a), the words "To provide" are substituted for "for purposes of" for clarity. The words "or in the case of the Comptroller General currently in office and any retired Comptroller General, within six months after July 13, 1959" are omitted as executed. The words "as hereinafter provided" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "of the United States" are omitted as surplus. The words "or retired Comptroller General" are omitted as executed. The word "provide" is substituted for "receive" for clarity and consistency. In clause (2), before subclause (A), the word "redeposit" is substituted for "covering" for clarity. The words "the general fund of" and "a sum equal to" are omitted as surplus. In subclause (A), the words "the date current . . . from his salary and retirement pay" and 31:43b(c)(last sentence) are omitted as surplus. In subclause (B), the words "salary . . . or compensation for service" are omitted as surplus. The words "member of Congress" are substituted for "Senator, Representative, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner in the Congress of the United States" for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (c), the words "be construed to" and "eligible therefore" are omitted as surplus. The words "receiving another annuity while" are substituted for "simultaneously . . . and any annuity . . . to which she would otherwise be entitled under any other law" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "(including old age and survivor benefits)" and "without regard to this section" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions.

1988—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–426, §204(1), inserted "5 percent of the" before "annuity".

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 100–426, §204(2), substituted "3 percent" for "4.5 percent".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–426, §204(3), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–426 effective after end of 60-day period beginning Sept. 9, 1988, with certain exceptions, see section 208 of Pub. L. 100–426, set out as a note under section 772 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 1110 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 11 / Section 1110: Year-ahead requests for authorizing legislation
Year-ahead requests for authorizing legislation
Status: in_force

A request to enact legislation authorizing new budget authority to continue a program or activity for a fiscal year shall be submitted to Congress before May 16 of the year before the year in which the fiscal year begins. If a new program or activity will continue for more than one year, the request must be submitted for at least the first and 2d fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 913.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1110
31:11c.
July 12, 1974, Pub. L. 93–344, §607, 88 Stat. 325.

The words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "the enactment of" before "new" are omitted as surplus. The words "(beginning with the fiscal year commencing October 1, 1976)" are omitted as executed. The words "a request for the enactment of legislation authorizing the enactment of new budget authority for" are omitted for consistency in the chapter.
31 U.S.C. § 6709 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 67 / Section 6709: Information used in allocation formulas
Information used in allocation formulas
Status: in_force

(a) Population Data for Payment Period Beginning October 1, 1994.—For the payment period beginning October 1, 1994, the Secretary, in making allocations pursuant to sections 6704 through 6706 and 6708, shall use for the population of the States the population for 1992 as reported by the Bureau of the Census in the publication Current Population Reports, Series P–25, No. 1045 (July 1992) and for the population of units of general local government the Secretary shall use the population for 1990 as reported by the Bureau of the Census in the publication Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics.

(b) Data for Payment Periods Beginning After September 30, 1995.—For any payment period beginning after September 30, 1995, the Secretary, in making allocations pursuant to sections 6704 through 6706 and 6708, shall use information more recent than the information used for the payment period beginning October 1, 1994, provided the Secretary notifies the Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives at least 90 days prior to the beginning of the payment period that the Secretary has determined that the more recent information is more reliable than the information used for the payment period beginning October 1, 1994.

(Added Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31001(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1873.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6709, Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 97–452, §1(25), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 98–185, §9(d), Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1312, related to other local government allocations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(a)(1), (e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327, 329, eff. Oct. 18, 1986.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Government Operations of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.
31 U.S.C. § 506 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 5 / Subchapter I / Section 506: Office of Federal Procurement Policy
Office of Federal Procurement Policy
Status: in_force

The Office of Federal Procurement Policy, established under section 1101(a) of title 41, is an office in the Office of Management and Budget.

(Added Pub. L. 97–452, §1(1)(A), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2467, §504; renumbered §506, Pub. L. 101–576, title II, §202(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2839; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(h)(1), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3848.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

504
(no source).

The section is included to provide in subchapter I of chapter 5 of title 31 a complete list of the organizational units established by law that are in the Office of Management and Budget or are subject to the direction and supervision of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2011—Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 1101(a) of title 41" for "section 5(a) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 404(a))".

1990—Pub. L. 101–576 renumbered section 504 of this title as this section.
31 U.S.C. § 7102 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 71 / Section 7102: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter—

(1) "applicant" means a State, local government, or private nonprofit organization applying for assistance for one project.

(2) "assistance program" means a program of the United States Government providing assistance through a grant or contract but does not include revenue sharing, a loan, a loan guarantee, or insurance.

(3) "local government" means a county, city, political subdivision of a county or city, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State, a school district, a council of governments, or other instrumentality of a local government.

(4) "project" means an undertaking that includes components that contribute materially to carrying out one purpose or closely related purposes and are proposed or approved for assistance under—

(A) more than one United States Government program; or

(B) at least one Government program and at least one State program.

(5) "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, a territory or possession of the United States, an agency or instrumentality of a State, and a tribe as defined in section 3(c) of the Indian Financing Act of 1974 (25 U.S.C. 1452(c)).

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1035; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(f)(1)(V), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1363.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

7102(1)
42:4261(2), (4).
Dec. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93–510, §12, 88 Stat. 1608.

7102(2)
42:4261(1).

7102(3)
42:4261(6).

7102(4)
42:4261(3).

7102(5)
42:4261(5).

In clause (1), the words "applying for" are substituted for "seeking" for clarity. The words "acting separately or together" are omitted as unnecessary. The text of 42:4261(4) is omitted as unnecessary because of section 102 of the revised title.

In clause (2), the words "of the United States Government" are added for clarity. The words "assistance in the form of" are omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (3), the words "a county, city, political subdivision of a county or city, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State" are substituted for "a local unit of government including a city, county, parish, town, township, village," for consistency in the revised title and because of 1:2. The word "agency" is omitted because it is included in "instrumentality".

In clause (4), the words "that contribute" are substituted for "if each of those components" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "whether of a temporary or continuing nature" are omitted as unnecessary.

In clause (5), the words "any of the several" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico" are omitted as being included in "territory or possession of the United States" and as unnecessary because of 48:734.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "political" for "politicial" after "other general purpose".
31 U.S.C. § 5143 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 51 / Subchapter IV / Section 5143: Payment for services
Payment for services
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Treasury shall impose charges for Bureau of Engraving and Printing services the Secretary provides to an agency or to a foreign government under section 5114. The charges shall be in amounts the Secretary considers adequate to cover the costs of the services (including administrative and other costs related to providing the services). The agency shall pay promptly bills submitted by the Secretary, and the Secretary shall take such action, in coordination with the Secretary of State, as may be appropriate to ensure prompt payment by a foreign government of any invoice or statement of account submitted by the Secretary with respect to services rendered under section 5114.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 991; Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, §6301(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3748.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5143
31:181.
Aug. 4, 1950, ch. 558, §1, 64 Stat. 408.

The word "costs" is substituted for "direct and indirect costs" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "shall make payment therefor" are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The words "from funds available to it for such purposes" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Pub. L. 108–458 inserted "or to a foreign government under section 5114" after "provides to an agency", "and other" after "including administrative", and ", and the Secretary shall take such action, in coordination with the Secretary of State, as may be appropriate to ensure prompt payment by a foreign government of any invoice or statement of account submitted by the Secretary with respect to services rendered under section 5114" before period at end.
31 U.S.C. § 6505 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 65 / Section 6505: Authority to provide specialized or technical services
Authority to provide specialized or technical services
Status: in_force

(a) The President may prescribe statistical and other studies and compilations, development projects, technical tests and evaluations, technical information, training activities, surveys, reports, documents, and other similar services that an executive agency is especially competent and authorized by law to provide. The services prescribed must be consistent with and further the policy of the United States Government of relying on the private enterprise system to provide services reasonably and quickly available through ordinary business channels.

(b) The head of an executive agency may provide services prescribed by the President under this section to a State or local government when—

(1) written request is made by the State or local government; and

(2) payment of pay and all other identifiable costs of providing the services is made to the executive agency by the State or local government making the request.

(c) Payment received by an executive agency for providing services under this section shall be deposited to the credit of the principal appropriation from which the cost of providing the services has been paid or will be charged.

(d) The authority under this section is in addition to authority under another law in effect on October 16, 1968.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1007.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

6505(a)
42:4201(8).
Oct. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–577, §§108, 303, 305, 82 Stat. 1100, 1102, 1103.

 
42:4222(proviso, words after proviso).
Oct. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–577, §302, 82 Stat. 1102; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085.

6505(b)
42:4222(words before proviso).

6505(c)
42:4223.

6505(d)
42:4225.

In the section, the words "executive agency" are substituted for "Federal department or agency" and "department or agency of the executive branch of the Federal Government" because of the definition in sections 102 and 6501(3) of the revised title.

In subsection (a), the source provisions are consolidated to eliminate an unnecessary definition. The word "President" is substituted for "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" in 42:4222(proviso, words after proviso) because sections 101 and 102(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (eff. July 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 2085) designated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget and transferred all functions of the Bureau to the President. The words "rules and regulations" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b), the word "may" is substituted for "is authorized within his discretion" for clarity and to omit unnecessary words. The words "specialized or technical services" are omitted because of consolidation of the source provisions. The words "direct or indirect" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c), the word "Payment" is substituted for "moneys" for consistency in the section. The words "All" and "or any bureau or other administrative division thereof" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (d), the words "and does not supersede" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "authority under another law in effect on October 16, 1968" are substituted for "authority now possessed" for clarity. The words "by any Federal department or agency with respect to furnishing services, whether on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, to State and local units of government" are omitted as unnecessary.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Performance of Specialized or Technical Services

Pub. L. 106–541, title II, §211, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2592, as amended by Pub. L. 107–66, title I, §109, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 496, provided that:

"(a) Definition of State.—In this section, the term 'State' has the meaning given the term in section 6501 of title 31, United States Code.

"(b) Authority.—The Corps of Engineers may provide specialized or technical services to a Federal agency (other than an agency of the Department of Defense) or a State or local government under section 6505 of title 31, United States Code, only if the chief executive of the requesting entity submits to the Secretary [of the Army]—

"(1) a written request describing the scope of the services to be performed and agreeing to reimburse the Corps for all costs associated with the performance of the services; and

"(2) a certification that includes adequate facts to establish that the services requested are not reasonably and quickly available through ordinary business channels.

"(c) Corps Agreement To Perform Services.—The Secretary, after receiving a request described in subsection (b) to provide specialized or technical services, shall, before entering into an agreement to perform the services—

"(1) ensure that the requirements of subsection (b) are met with regard to the request for services; and

"(2) execute a certification that includes adequate facts to establish that the Corps is uniquely equipped to perform such services.

"(d) Annual Report to Congress.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than the last day of each calendar year, the Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report identifying any request submitted by a Federal agency (other than an agency of the Department of Defense) or a State or local government to the Corps to provide specialized or technical services.

"(2) Contents of report.—The report shall include, with respect to each request described in paragraph (1)—

"(A) a description of the scope of services requested;

"(B) the certifications required under subsection (b) and (c);

"(C) the status of the request;

"(D) the estimated and final cost of the services;

"(E) the status of reimbursement;

"(F) a description of the scope of services performed; and

"(G) copies of all certifications in support of the request.

"(e) Engineering Research and Development Center.—The Engineering Research and Development Center is exempt from the requirements of this section."

Transportation of State Prisoners

Pub. L. 105–119, title I, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2444, provided in part: "That, for fiscal year 1998 and thereafter, the service of maintaining and transporting State, local, or territorial prisoners shall be considered a specialized or technical service for purposes of 31 U.S.C. 6505, and any prisoners so transported shall be considered persons (transported for other than commercial purposes) whose presence is associated with the performance of a governmental function for purposes of 49 U.S.C. 40102."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title I], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–5.
31 U.S.C. § 1556 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 15 / Subchapter IV / Section 1556: Comptroller General: reports on appropriation accounts
Comptroller General: reports on appropriation accounts
Status: in_force

(a) In carrying out audit responsibilities, the Comptroller General shall report on operations under this subchapter to—

(1) the head of the agency concerned;

(2) the Secretary of the Treasury; and

(3) the President.

(b) A report under this section shall include an appraisal of unpaid obligations under fixed appropriation accounts for which the period of availability for obligation has ended.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 937; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1405(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1678.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1556(a)
31:703(b)(1st sentence words before 4th comma).
July 25, 1956, ch. 727, §3(b), 70 Stat. 649; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, §102(a), 84 Stat. 2085.

1556(b)
31:703(b)(1st sentence words after 4th comma, last sentence).

In the section, the word "President" is substituted for "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" because sections 101 and 102(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970 (eff. July 1, 1970, 84 Stat. 2085) designated the Bureau of the Budget as the Office of Management and Budget and transferred all functions of the Bureau to the President.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "General: reports" for "General reports" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) In carrying out audit responsibilities, the Comptroller General shall report on operations under this subchapter to—

"(1) the head of the agency concerned;

"(2) the Secretary of the Treasury; and

"(3) the President.

"(b) A report under this section shall include an appraisal of unpaid obligations under appropriation accounts established under section 1552 of this title. By the 30th day after receiving a report, the head of the agency concerned shall carry out actions required by section 1554 of this title that the report shows is necessary."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–510 applicable to any appropriation account the obligated balance of which, on Nov. 5, 1990, has not been transferred under section 1552(a)(1) of this title, as in effect Nov. 4, 1990, with transitional provisions, see section 1405(b) of Pub. L. 101–510, set out as a note under section 1551 of this title.
31 U.S.C. § 3335 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 33 / Subchapter II / Section 3335: Timely disbursement of Federal funds
Timely disbursement of Federal funds
Status: in_force

(a) Each head of an executive agency (other than the Tennessee Valley Authority) shall, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe, provide for the timely disbursement of Federal funds through cash, checks, electronic funds transfer, or any other means identified by the Secretary.

(b) The Secretary may collect from any executive agency which does not comply with subsection (a) a charge in an amount the Secretary determines to be the cost to the general fund of the Treasury caused by such noncompliance.

(c) The amounts of charges collected from an executive agency under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury and credited as miscellaneous receipts.

(d) Any charge assessed by the Secretary under this section, to the maximum extent practicable—

(1) shall be paid out of appropriations available for executive agency operations; and

(2) shall not be paid from amounts available for funding programs of an executive agency.

(Added Pub. L. 101–453, §4(a), Oct. 24, 1990, 104 Stat. 1058.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 101–453, §4(c), Oct. 24, 1990, 104 Stat. 1059, as amended by Pub. L. 102–589, §2(1), Nov. 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 5133, provided that: "The Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations under section 3335 of title 31, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), to ensure the full implementation of that section."
31 U.S.C. § 6307 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 63 / Section 6307: Interpretative guidelines and exemptions
Interpretative guidelines and exemptions
Status: in_force

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget may—

(1) issue supplementary interpretative guidelines to promote consistent and efficient use of procurement contracts, grant agreements, and cooperative agreements; and

(2) exempt a transaction or program of an executive agency from this chapter.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1005.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

6307(1)
41:508.
Feb. 3, 1978, Pub. L. 95–224, §9, 92 Stat. 6.

6307(2)
41:501(note).
Feb. 3, 1978, Pub. L. 95–224, §10(d), 92 Stat. 6; Apr. 1, 1982, Pub. L. 97–162, 96 Stat. 23.

In clause (2), the word "exempt" is substituted for "except" for consistency.
31 U.S.C. § 1308 (2024) — Title 31: MONEY AND FINANCE / Chapter 13 / Subchapter I / Section 1308: Telephone and metered services
Telephone and metered services
Status: in_force

Charges for telephone and metered services (such as gas, electricity, water, and steam) for a time period beginning in one fiscal year or allotment period and ending in another fiscal year or allotment period may be charged against the appropriation or allotment current at the end of the time period covered by the service.

(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 919.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1308
31:668a.
Apr. 27, 1937, ch. 143, 50 Stat. 119; restated Apr. 26, 1939, ch. 103, 53 Stat. 624.

The words "On and after April 27, 1937" are omitted as executed. The words "Charges for telephone and metered services" are substituted for "in making payments for commodities or services the quantity of which is determined by metered readings . . . and for telephone services" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "another fiscal year or allotment period" are substituted for "another", and the words "time period covered by the service" are substituted for "such period", for clarity.