44 U.S.C. § 3555 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter II: INFORMATION SECURITY / Section 3555: Annual independent evaluation
Annual independent evaluation
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—(1) Each year each agency shall have performed an independent evaluation of the information security program and practices of that agency to determine the effectiveness of such program and practices.

(2) Each evaluation under this section shall include—

(A) testing of the effectiveness of information security policies, procedures, and practices of a representative subset of the agency's information systems;

(B) an assessment of the effectiveness of the information security policies, procedures, and practices of the agency; and

(C) separate presentations, as appropriate, regarding information security relating to national security systems.

(b) Independent Auditor.—Subject to subsection (c)—

(1) for each agency with an Inspector General appointed under chapter 4 of title 5, the annual evaluation required by this section shall be performed by the Inspector General or by an independent external auditor, as determined by the Inspector General of the agency; and

(2) for each agency to which paragraph (1) does not apply, the head of the agency shall engage an independent external auditor to perform the evaluation.

(c) National Security Systems.—For each agency operating or exercising control of a national security system, that portion of the evaluation required by this section directly relating to a national security system shall be performed—

(1) only by an entity designated by the agency head; and

(2) in such a manner as to ensure appropriate protection for information associated with any information security vulnerability in such system commensurate with the risk and in accordance with all applicable laws.

(d) Existing Evaluations.—The evaluation required by this section may be based in whole or in part on an audit, evaluation, or report relating to programs or practices of the applicable agency.

(e) Agency Reporting.—(1) Each year, not later than such date established by the Director, the head of each agency shall submit to the Director the results of the evaluation required under this section.

(2) To the extent an evaluation required under this section directly relates to a national security system, the evaluation results submitted to the Director shall contain only a summary and assessment of that portion of the evaluation directly relating to a national security system.

(f) Protection of Information.—Agencies and evaluators shall take appropriate steps to ensure the protection of information which, if disclosed, may adversely affect information security. Such protections shall be commensurate with the risk and comply with all applicable laws and regulations.

(g) OMB Reports to Congress.—(1) The Director shall summarize the results of the evaluations conducted under this section in the report to Congress required under section 3553(c).

(2) The Director's report to Congress under this subsection shall summarize information regarding information security relating to national security systems in such a manner as to ensure appropriate protection for information associated with any information security vulnerability in such system commensurate with the risk and in accordance with all applicable laws.

(3) Evaluations and any other descriptions of information systems under the authority and control of the Director of National Intelligence or of National Foreign Intelligence Programs systems under the authority and control of the Secretary of Defense shall be made available to Congress only through the appropriate oversight committees of Congress, in accordance with applicable laws.

(h) Comptroller General.—The Comptroller General shall periodically evaluate and report to Congress on—

(1) the adequacy and effectiveness of agency information security policies and practices; and

(2) implementation of the requirements of this subchapter.

(i) Assessment Technical Assistance.—The Comptroller General may provide technical assistance to an Inspector General or the head of an agency, as applicable, to assist the Inspector General or head of an agency in carrying out the duties under this section, including by testing information security controls and procedures.

(j) Guidance.—The Director, in consultation with the Secretary, the Chief Information Officers Council established under section 3603, the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, and other interested parties as appropriate, shall ensure the development of guidance for evaluating the effectiveness of an information security program and practices.

(Added Pub. L. 113–283, §2(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3082; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(89), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4352.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in sections 3535 and 3545 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 113–283.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 4 of title 5," for "the Inspector General Act of 1978,".
44 U.S.C. § 510 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 510: Specifications in advertisements for paper
Specifications in advertisements for paper
Status: in_force

The advertisements for proposals shall specify the minimum portion of each quality of paper required for either three months, six months, or one year, as the Joint Committee on Printing determines; but when the minimum portion so specified exceeds, in any case, one thousand reams, it shall state that proposals will be received for one thousand reams or more.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1244.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1954 ed., §6 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §4, 28 Stat. 601).
44 U.S.C. § 1907 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 19: DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM / Section 1907: Libraries of executive departments, service academies, and independent agencies constituted depositories; certifications of need; disposal of unwanted publications
Libraries of executive departments, service academies, and independent agencies constituted depositories; certifications of need; disposal of unwanted publications
Status: in_force

The libraries of the executive departments, of the United States Military Academy, of the United States Naval Academy, of the United States Air Force Academy, of the United States Coast Guard Academy, and of the United States Merchant Marine Academy are designated depositories of Government publications. A depository library within each independent agency may be designated upon certification of need by the head of the independent agency to the Superintendent of Documents. Additional depository libraries within executive departments and independent agencies may be designated to receive Government publications to the extent that the number so designated does not exceed the number of major bureaus or divisions of the departments and independent agencies. These designations may be made only after certification by the head of each executive department or independent agency to the Superintendent of Documents as to the justifiable need for additional depository libraries. Depository libraries within executive departments and independent agencies may dispose of unwanted Government publications after first offering them to the Library of Congress and the Archivist of the United States.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1285.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §87 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §98, 28 Stat. 624; Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–579, §7, 76 Stat. 355).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Archivist of the United States

References to Archivist of the United States deemed to refer to Archivist appointed under section 2103 of this title with respect to functions transferred by Pub. L. 98–497 or an amendment made by Pub. L. 98–497 and exercised after Apr. 1, 1985, see sections 106 and 108 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as notes under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2205 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 22: PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS / Section 2205: Exceptions to restricted access
Exceptions to restricted access
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any restrictions on access imposed pursuant to sections 2204 and 2208 of this title—

(1) the Archivist and persons employed by the National Archives and Records Administration who are engaged in the performance of normal archival work shall be permitted access to Presidential records in the custody of the Archivist;

(2) subject to any rights, defenses, or privileges which the United States or any agency or person may invoke, Presidential records shall be made available—

(A) pursuant to subpoena or other judicial process issued by a court of competent jurisdiction for the purposes of any civil or criminal investigation or proceeding;

(B) to an incumbent President if such records contain information that is needed for the conduct of current business of the incumbent President's office and that is not otherwise available; and

(C) to either House of Congress, or, to the extent of matter within its jurisdiction, to any committee or subcommittee thereof if such records contain information that is needed for the conduct of its business and that is not otherwise available; and

(3) the Presidential records of a former President shall be available to such former President or the former President's designated representative.

(Added Pub. L. 95–591, §2(a), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2527; amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(7), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2287; Pub. L. 113–187, §§2(a)(2)(B), 8(5), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2005, 2012.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–187, §2(a)(2)(B)(i), substituted "sections 2204 and 2208 of this title" for "section 2204" in introductory provisions.

Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 113–187, §2(a)(2)(B)(ii), substituted "subpoena" for "subpena".

Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 113–187, §8(5)(A), substituted "the incumbent President's" for "his".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 113–187, §8(5)(B), substituted "the former President's" for "his".

1984—Par. (1). Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "National Archives and Records Administration" for "National Archives and Records Service of the General Services Administration".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective with respect to Presidential records created during a term of office of President beginning on or after Jan. 20, 1981, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–591, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1711 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1711: Catalog of Government publications
Catalog of Government publications
Status: in_force

On the first day of each month the Superintendent of Documents shall prepare a catalog of Government publications which shall show the documents printed during the preceding month, where obtainable, and the price. Two thousand copies of the catalog shall be printed in pamphlet form for distribution.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1280.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §77 (Jan. 12 1895, ch. 23, §69, 28 Stat. 612).
44 U.S.C. § 1715 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1715: Publications for department or officer or for congressional committees
Publications for department or officer or for congressional committees
Status: in_force

When printing not bearing a congressional number, except confidential matter, blank forms, and circular letters not of a public character, is done for a department or officer of the Government, or not of a confidential character, is done for use of congressional committees, two copies shall be sent, unless withheld by order of the committee, by the Director of the Government Publishing Office to the Senate and House of Representatives libraries, respectively, and one copy each to the document rooms of the Senate and House of Representatives, for reference; and these copies may not be removed.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1281; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §217 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §58, 28 Stat. 610; Mar. 1, 1907, ch. 2284, §4, 34 Stat. 1014).

The last clause of this section is eliminated, as superseded by former section 85, now found in section 1903 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".
44 U.S.C. § 3520 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3520: Chief Data Officers
Chief Data Officers
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment.—The head of each agency shall designate a nonpolitical appointee employee in the agency as the Chief Data Officer of the agency.

(b) Qualifications.—The Chief Data Officer of an agency shall be designated on the basis of demonstrated training and experience in data management, governance (including creation, application, and maintenance of data standards), collection, analysis, protection, use, and dissemination, including with respect to any statistical and related techniques to protect and de-identify confidential data.

(c) Functions.—The Chief Data Officer of an agency shall—

(1) be responsible for lifecycle data management;

(2) coordinate with any official in the agency responsible for using, protecting, disseminating, and generating data to ensure that the data needs of the agency are met;

(3) manage data assets of the agency, including the standardization of data format, sharing of data assets, and publication of data assets in accordance with applicable law;

(4) in carrying out the requirements under paragraphs (3) and (5), consult with any statistical official of the agency (as designated under section 314 of title 5);

(5) carry out the requirements of the agency under subsections (b) through (d), (f), and (i) of section 3506, section 3507, and section 3511;

(6) ensure that, to the extent practicable, agency data conforms with data management best practices;

(7) engage agency employees, the public, and contractors in using public data assets and encourage collaborative approaches on improving data use;

(8) support the Performance Improvement Officer of the agency in identifying and using data to carry out the functions described in section 1124(a)(2) of title 31;

(9) support the Evaluation Officer of the agency in obtaining data to carry out the functions described in section 313(d) of title 5;

(10) review the impact of the infrastructure of the agency on data asset accessibility and coordinate with the Chief Information Officer of the agency to improve such infrastructure to reduce barriers that inhibit data asset accessibility;

(11) ensure that, to the extent practicable, the agency maximizes the use of data in the agency, including for the production of evidence (as defined in section 3561), cybersecurity, and the improvement of agency operations;

(12) identify points of contact for roles and responsibilities related to open data use and implementation (as required by the Director);

(13) serve as the agency liaison to other agencies and the Office of Management and Budget on the best way to use existing agency data for statistical purposes (as defined in section 3561); and

(14) comply with any regulation and guidance issued under subchapter III, including the acquisition and maintenance of any required certification and training.

(d) Delegation of Responsibilities.—

(1) In general.—To the extent necessary to comply with statistical laws, the Chief Data Officer of an agency shall delegate any responsibility under subsection (c) to the head of a statistical agency or unit (as defined in section 3561) within the agency.

(2) Consultation.—To the extent permissible under law, the individual to whom a responsibility has been delegated under paragraph (1) shall consult with the Chief Data Officer of the agency in carrying out such responsibility.

(3) Deference.—The Chief Data Officer of the agency shall defer to the individual to whom a responsibility has been delegated under paragraph (1) regarding the necessary delegation of such responsibility with respect to any data acquired, maintained, or disseminated by the agency under applicable statistical law.

(e) Reports.—The Chief Data Officer of an agency shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives an annual report on the compliance of the agency with the requirements of this subchapter, including information on each requirement that the agency could not carry out and, if applicable, what the agency needs to carry out such requirement.

(Added Pub. L. 107–198, §3(a)(2), June 28, 2002, 116 Stat. 730; amended Pub. L. 115–435, title II, §202(e)(1), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5541.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3520 was renumbered section 3521 of this title.

Another prior section 3520, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII, §820], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–340, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §820], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–340, related to authorization of appropriations prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Amendments

2019—Pub. L. 115–435 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to establishment of task force on information collection and dissemination.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–435 effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
44 U.S.C. § 511 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 511: Opening bids; bonds
Opening bids; bonds
Status: in_force

The sealed proposals to furnish paper and envelopes shall be opened in the presence of the Joint Committee on Printing who shall award the contracts to the lowest and best bidder for the interest of the Government. The committee 1 may not consider a proposal that is not accompanied by a bond with security or certified check in the amount of $5,000, guaranteeing that the bidder if his proposal is accepted, will enter into a formal contract with the United States to furnish the paper or envelopes specified. The Committee may not consider a proposal from a person unknown to it unless accompanied by satisfactory evidence that he is a manufacturer of or dealer in the description of paper or envelopes proposed to be furnished.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1244.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §7 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §5, 28 Stat. 602; June 16, 1938, ch. 477, §3, 52 Stat. 761).

1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
44 U.S.C. § 2504 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 25: NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION / Section 2504: Duties; authorization of grants for historical publications and records programs; authorization for appropriations
Duties; authorization of grants for historical publications and records programs; authorization for appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) The Commission shall make plans, estimates, and recommendations for historical works and collections of sources it considers appropriate for preserving, publishing or otherwise recording at the public expense. The Chairman of the Commission shall transmit to the President and the Congress from time to time, and at least biennially, the plans, estimates, and recommendations developed and approved by the Commission.

(b) The Commission shall cooperate with, assist and encourage appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies and nongovernmental institutions, societies, and individuals in collecting and preserving and, when it considers it desirable, in editing and publishing papers of outstanding citizens of the United States, and other documents as may be important for an understanding and appreciation of the history of the United States.

(c) The Commission may conduct institutes, training and educational programs, and recommend candidates for fellowships related to the activities of the Commission and may disseminate information about documentary sources through guides, directories, and other technical publications.

(d) The Commission may recommend the expenditure of appropriated or donated funds for the collecting, describing, preserving, compiling and publishing (including microfilming and other forms of reproduction) of documentary sources significant to the history of the United States and for the activities described in subsection (c).

(e) The Archivist of the United States may, within the limits of available appropriated and donated funds, make grants to State and local agencies and to nonprofit organizations, institutions, and individuals, for those activities in subsection (d) after considering the advice and recommendations of the Commission.

(f) Grants for Presidential Centers of Historical Excellence.—

(1) In general.—The Archivist, with the recommendation of the Commission, may make grants, on a competitive basis and in accordance with this subsection, to eligible entities to promote the historical preservation of, and public access to, historical records and documents relating to any former President who does not have a Presidential archival depository currently managed and maintained by the Federal Government pursuant to section 2112 (commonly known as the "Presidential Libraries Act of 1955").

(2) Eligible entity.—For purposes of this subsection, an eligible entity is—

(A) an organization described under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of that Code; or

(B) a State or local government of the United States.

(3) Use of funds.—Amounts received by an eligible entity under paragraph (1) shall be used to promote the historical preservation of, and public access to, historical records or historical documents relating to any former President covered under paragraph (1).

(4) Prohibition on use of funds.—Amounts received by an eligible entity under paragraph (1) may not be used for the maintenance, operating costs, or construction of any facility to house the historical records or historical documents relating to any former President covered under paragraph (1).

(5) Application.—

(A) In general.—An eligible entity seeking a grant under this subsection shall submit to the Commission an application at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information as the Commission may require, including a description of the activities for which a grant under this subsection is sought.

(B) Approval of application.—The Commission shall not consider or recommend a grant application submitted under subparagraph (A) unless an eligible entity establishes that such entity—

(i) possesses, with respect to any former President covered under paragraph (1), historical works and collections of historical sources that the Commission considers appropriate for preserving, publishing, or otherwise recording at the public expense;

(ii) has appropriate facilities and space for preservation of, and public access to, the historical works and collections of historical sources;

(iii) shall ensure preservation of, and public access to, such historical works and collections of historical sources at no charge to the public;

(iv) has educational programs that make the use of such documents part of the mission of such entity;

(v) has raised funds from non-Federal sources in support of the efforts of the entity to promote the historical preservation of, and public access to, such historical works and collections of historical sources in an amount equal to the amount of the grant the entity seeks under this subsection;

(vi) shall coordinate with any relevant Federal program or activity, including programs and activities relating to Presidential archival depositories;

(vii) shall coordinate with any relevant non-Federal program or activity, including programs and activities conducted by State and local governments and private educational historical entities; and

(viii) has a workable plan for preserving and providing public access to such historical works and collections of historical sources.

(g)(1) For the purposes specified in this section, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the National Historical Publications and Records Commission—

(A) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1989;

(B) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 1990;

(C) $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993;

(D) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 1994;

(E) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1995;

(F) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 1996;

(G) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;

(H) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;

(I) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1999;

(J) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2000;

(K) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2001;

(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;

(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;

(P) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;

(Q) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;

(R) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and

(S) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

(2) Amounts appropriated under this subsection shall be available until expended when so provided in appropriation Acts.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1294; Pub. L. 92–546, §1(c), Oct. 25, 1972, 86 Stat. 1155; Pub. L. 93–536, §1(c), Dec. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 1735; Pub. L. 96–98, §1, Nov. 1, 1979, 93 Stat. 731; Pub. L. 98–189, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1323; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(10), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2287; Pub. L. 100–365, §4, July 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 824; Pub. L. 103–262, §1, May 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 706; Pub. L. 104–274, §1, Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3321; Pub. L. 106–410, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1788; Pub. L. 108–383, §6, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2219; Pub. L. 110–404, §2, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4281.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §393(d) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §503(d), as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583, and amended July 28, 1964, Pub. L. 88–383, 78 Stat. 335).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(A), is classified to section 501 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendments

2008—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 110–404 added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).

2004—Subsec. (f)(1)(P) to (S). Pub. L. 108–383 added subpars. (P) to (S).

2000—Subsec. (f)(1)(L) to (O). Pub. L. 106–410 added subpars. (L) to (O).

1996—Subsec. (f)(1)(H) to (K). Pub. L. 104–274 added subpars. (H) to (K).

1994—Subsec. (f)(1)(D) to (G). Pub. L. 103–262 added subpars. (D) to (G).

1988—Pub. L. 100–365 substituted current section catchline for "Duties; authorization of grants for collection, reproduction, and publication of documentary historical source material", and amended text generally, revising and restating as subsecs. (a) to (f) provisions of former subsecs. (a) and (b).

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(b)(10)(A)–(D), substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services" in third sentence, substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator" in fourth sentence, inserted "and Records" after "Historical Preservation" in fourth sentence, and substituted "transmit to the President and the Congress" for "transmit to the Administrator" in last sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(b)(10)(E), substituted "National Archives and Records Administration" for "General Services Administration".

1983—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–189 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1984, and for each of the four succeeding fiscal years, for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1981.

1979—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–98 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1981, for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and for each of four succeeding fiscal years.

1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–536 substituted "1975" for "1973" and "$4,000,000" for "$2,000,000".

1972—Pub. L. 92–546 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (a) of this section relating to the requirement that the Chairman of the Commission transmit biennial reports to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and the 16th item on page 183 of House Document No. 103–7.

Grants for Establishment of State and Local Databases for Records of Servitude, Emancipation, and Post–Civil War Reconstruction

Pub. L. 110–404, §8, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4285, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Executive Director of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission of the National Archives and Records Administration may make grants to States, colleges and universities, museums, libraries, and genealogical associations to preserve records and establish electronically searchable databases consisting of local records of servitude, emancipation, and post-Civil War reconstruction.

"(b) Maintenance.—Any database established using a grant under this section shall be maintained by appropriate agencies or institutions designated by the Executive Director of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission."
44 U.S.C. § 1505 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 15: FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS / Section 1505: Documents to be published in Federal Register
Documents to be published in Federal Register
Status: in_force

(a) Proclamations and Executive Orders; Documents Having General Applicability and Legal Effect; Documents Required To Be Published by Congress. There shall be published in the Federal Register—

(1) Presidential proclamations and Executive orders, except those not having general applicability and legal effect or effective only against Federal agencies or persons in their capacity as officers, agents, or employees thereof;

(2) documents or classes of documents that the President may determine from time to time have general applicability and legal effect; and

(3) documents or classes of documents that may be required so to be published by Act of Congress.

For the purposes of this chapter every document or order which prescribes a penalty has general applicability and legal effect.

(b) Documents Authorized To Be Published by Regulations; News Commentary and News Items Excluded. In addition to the foregoing there shall also be published in the Federal Register other documents or classes of documents authorized to be published by regulations prescribed under this chapter with the approval of the President, but news commentary or news items of any character may not be published in the Federal Register.

(c) Alternative Publication.—In a continuity of operations event in which the Government Publishing Office does not fulfill the publication requirements of this chapter, the Office of the Federal Register may establish an alternative method to publish the Federal Register until such time that the Government Publishing Office resumes publication.

(d) Suspension of Requirements for Filing of Documents; Alternate Systems for Promulgating, Filing, or Publishing Documents; Preservation of Originals. In the event of an attack or threatened attack upon the continental United States and a determination by the President that as a result of an attack or threatened attack—

(1) publication of the Federal Register or filing of documents with the Office of the Federal Register is impracticable, or

(2) under existing conditions publication in the Federal Register would not serve to give appropriate notice to the public of the contents of documents, the President may, without regard to any other provision of law, suspend all or part of the requirements of law or regulation for filing with the Office or publication in the Federal Register of documents or classes of documents.

The suspensions shall remain in effect until revoked by the President, or by concurrent resolution of the Congress. The President shall establish alternate systems for promulgating, filing, or publishing documents or classes of documents affected by such suspensions, including requirements relating to their effectiveness or validity, that may be considered under the then existing circumstances practicable to provide public notice of the issuance and of the contents of the documents. The alternate systems may, without limitation, provide for the use of regional or specialized publications or depositories for documents, or of the press, the radio, telecommunications, the Internet, or similar mediums of general communication. Compliance with alternate systems of filing or publication shall have the same effect as filing with the Office or publication in the Federal Register under this chapter or other law or regulation. With respect to documents promulgated under alternate systems, each agency shall preserve the original document for filing with the Office when the President determines that it is practicable.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1274; Pub. L. 118–267, §2(e), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2984.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964, ed., §305 (July 26, 1935, ch. 417, §5, 49 Stat. 501; June 25, 1956, ch. 444, 70 Stat. 337).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2025—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–267, §2(e)(1), substituted "News Commentary" for "Comments" in heading and "news commentary" for "comments" in text.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–267, §2(e)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–267, §2(e)(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d) and, in concluding provisions, inserted "telecommunications, the Internet," after "the press, the radio," and substituted "the original document" for "the original and two duplicate originals or two certified copies".

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions vested in President by section 5(a) of Federal Register Act [now subsec. (a) of this section], to Attorney General and Archivist of United States, see section 6(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 10530, May 10, 1954, 19 F.R. 2709, as amended, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. See, also, section 103(b)(1) of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11030. Preparation, Presentation, Filing, and Publication of Executive Orders and Proclamations

Ex. Ord. No. 11030, June 19, 1962, 27 F.R. 5847, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11354, May 23, 1967, 32 F.R. 7695; Ex. Ord. No. 12080, Sept. 18, 1978, 43 F.R. 42235; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617; Ex. Ord. No. 13403, §1, May 12, 2006, 71 F.R. 28543; Ex. Ord. No. 13683, §1, Dec. 11, 2014, 79 F.R. 75041, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Federal Register Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) [now this chapter], and as President of the United States, I hereby prescribe the following regulations governing the preparation, presentation, filing, and publication of Executive orders and proclamations:

Section 1. Form. Proposed Executive orders and proclamations shall be prepared in accordance with the following requirements:

(a) The order or proclamation shall be given a suitable title.

(b) The order or proclamation shall contain a citation of the authority under which it is issued.

(c) Punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and other matters of style shall, in general, conform to the most recent edition of the Style Manual of the United States Government Printing Office.

(d) The spelling of geographic names shall conform to the decisions of the Board on Geographic Names, established by Section 2 of the Act of July 25, 1947, 61 Stat. 456 (43 U.S.C. 364a).

(e) Descriptions of tracts of land shall conform, so far as practicable, to the most recent edition of the "Specifications for Descriptions of Tracts of Land for Use in Executive Orders and Proclamations," prepared by the Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior.

(f) Proposed Executive orders and proclamations shall be prepared on paper approximately 8.5 × 14 inches, shall have a left-hand margin of approximately 1 inch and a right-hand margin of approximately 1 inch, and shall be double-spaced, except that quotations, tabulations, and descriptions of land may be single-spaced.

(g) Proclamations issued by the President shall conclude with the following described recitation—

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ________________ day of ________________, in the year of our lord ________________, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the ________________.

Sec. 2. Routing and approval of drafts. (a) A proposed Executive order or proclamation shall first be submitted to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, together with a letter, signed by the head or other properly authorized officer of the originating Federal agency, explaining the nature, purpose, background, and effect of the proposed Executive order or proclamation and its relationship, if any, to pertinent laws and other Executive orders or proclamations.

(b) If the Director of the Office of Management and Budget approves the proposed Executive order or proclamation, he shall transmit it to the Attorney General for his consideration as to both form and legality.

(c) If the proposed Executive order or proclamation is disapproved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget or by the Attorney General, it shall not thereafter be presented to the President unless it is accompanied by a statement of the reasons for such disapproval.

Sec. 3. Routing and certification of originals and copies. (a) If the order or proclamation is signed by the President, the original and two copies thereof shall be forwarded to the Director of the Office of the Federal Register for publication in the Federal Register.

(b) The Office of the Federal Register shall cause to be placed upon the copies of all Executive orders and proclamations forwarded as provided in subsection (a) of this section the following notation, to be signed by the Director or by some person authorized by him to sign such notation: "Certified to be a true copy of the original."

Sec. 4. Proclamations calling for the observance of special days or events. Except as may be otherwise provided by law, responsibility for the preparation and presentation of proposed proclamations calling for the observance of special days, or other periods of time, or events shall be assigned by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to such agencies or offices as the Director may consider appropriate. Such proposed proclamations shall be submitted to the Director, or to an office within the Executive Office of the President designated by the Director, at least sixty days before the date of the specified observance. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2, the Director or the head of such designated office, as appropriate, shall transmit any approved commemorative proclamations to the President.

Sec. 5. Trade Proclamations. (a) Proclamations to be issued under the Trade Act of 1974 or other trade law ("trade proclamations") shall be prepared by the United States Trade Representative and submitted to the Attorney General for consideration as to both form and legality. Section 2 of this order does not apply to trade proclamations.

Sec. 6. Proclamations of treaties excluded. Consonant with the provisions of section 1511 of title 44, United States Code (49 Stat. 503 [sic]; 44 U.S.C. 1511), nothing in this order shall be construed to apply to treaties, conventions, protocols, or other international agreements, or proclamations thereof by the President.

Sec. 7. Definition. The term "Presidential proclamations and Executive orders," as used in subsection 1505(a) of title 44, United States Code (44 U.S.C. 1505(a)), shall, except as the President or his representative may hereafter otherwise direct, be deemed to include such attachments thereto as are referred to in the respective proclamations or orders.

Sec. 8. Prior order. Upon its publication in the Federal Register, this order shall supersede Executive Order No. 10006 of October 9, 1948.

The regulations prescribed by this order shall be codified under Title 1 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
44 U.S.C. § 1325 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1325: Labor Statistics, Bureau of: report of Commissioner
Labor Statistics, Bureau of: report of Commissioner
Status: in_force

In addition to the usual number of the report of the Commissioner of Labor Statistics, twenty-five thousand copies shall be printed: five thousand for the Senate, ten thousand for the House of Representatives, and ten thousand for distribution by the Commissioner.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1269.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §271 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §73, 28 Stat. 614; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §3, 37 Stat. 737).
44 U.S.C. § 4101 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 41: ACCESS TO FEDERAL ELECTRONIC INFORMATION / Section 4101: Electronic directory; online access to publications; electronic storage facility
Electronic directory; online access to publications; electronic storage facility
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Superintendent of Documents, under the direction of the Director of the Government Publishing Office, shall—

(1) maintain an electronic directory of Federal electronic information;

(2) provide a system of online access to the Congressional Record, the Federal Register, and, as determined by the Superintendent of Documents, other appropriate publications distributed by the Superintendent of Documents; and

(3) operate an electronic storage facility for Federal electronic information to which online access is made available under paragraph (2).

(b) Departmental Requests.—To the extent practicable, the Superintendent of Documents shall accommodate any request by the head of a department or agency to include in the system of access referred to in subsection (a)(2) information that is under the control of the department or agency involved.

(c) Consultation.—In carrying out this section, the Superintendent of Documents shall consult—

(1) users of the directory and the system of access provided for under subsection (a); and

(2) other providers of similar information services.

The purpose of such consultation shall be to assess the quality and value of the directory and the system, in light of user needs.

(Added Pub. L. 103–40, §2(a), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 112; amended Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Status Report

Pub. L. 103–40, §3, June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113, required the Public Printer to submit a report to Congress on the status of the directory, the system of access, and the electronic storage facility referred to in section 4101 of this title by June 30, 1994.

Operational Deadline

Pub. L. 103–40, §4(a), June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 113, provided that: "The directory, the system of access, and the electronic storage facility referred to in section 4101 of title 44, United States Code, as added by section 2(a), shall be operational not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 8, 1993]."
44 U.S.C. § 907 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 9: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD / Section 907: Congressional Record: extracts for Members of Congress; mailing envelopes
Congressional Record: extracts for Members of Congress; mailing envelopes
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office may print and deliver, upon the order of a Member of Congress and payment of the cost, extracts from the Congressional Record. The Director of the Government Publishing Office may furnish without cost to Members and the Resident Commissioner, envelopes, ready for mailing the Congressional Record or any part of it, or speeches, or reports in it, if such part, speeches, or reports are mailable as franked mail under section 3210 of title 39. Envelopes so furnished shall contain in the upper left-hand corner the following words: "United States Senate" or "House of Representatives, U.S. Part of Congressional Record.", and in the upper right-hand corner the letters "U.S.S." or "M.C.", and the Director of the Government Publishing Office may, at the request of a Member or Resident Commissioner, print in addition to the foregoing, his name and State or Commonwealth, the date, and the topic or subject matter, not exceeding twelve words. He may not print any other words on envelopes, except at the personal expense of the Member or Resident Commissioner ordering the envelopes, except to affix the official title of a document. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall deposit moneys accruing under this section in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the appropriation made for the working capital of the Government Publishing Office for the year in which the work is done, and accounted for in his annual report to Congress.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1259; Pub. L. 93–191, §8(b), Dec. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 93–255, §2(c), Mar. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 52; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §185 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §37, 28 Stat. 606; Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 189, §1, 28 Stat. 961; Jan. 30, 1904, ch. 39, 33 Stat. 9; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, 43 Stat. 1300).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" wherever appearing.

1974—Pub. L. 93–255 struck out "Postage paid by Congress" after "Part of Congressional Record.".

1973—Pub. L. 93–191 inserted at end of second sentence ", if such part, speeches, or reports are mailable as franked mail under section 3210 of title 39" and substituted in third sentence "Postage paid by Congress" for "Free".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–191 effective Dec. 18, 1973, see section 14, of Pub. L. 93–191, set out as a note under section 3210 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Archivist of the United States

References to Archivist of the United States deemed to refer to Archivist appointed under section 2103 of this title with respect to functions transferred by Pub. L. 98–497 or an amendment made by Pub. L. 98–497 and exercised after Apr. 1, 1985, see sections 106 and 108 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as notes under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2117 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2117: Limitation on liability
Limitation on liability
Status: in_force

When letters and other intellectual productions (exclusive of patented material, published works under copyright protection, and unpublished works for which copyright registration has been made) come into the custody or possession of the Archivist, the United States or its agents are not liable for infringement of copyright or analogous rights arising out of use of the materials for display, inspection, research, reproduction, or other purposes.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1291, §2113; Pub. L. 94–553, §105(b), Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2599; renumbered §2117 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(7), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §400 (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §510, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(7), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services".

Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2113 of this title as this section.

1976—Pub. L. 94–553 substituted "productions (exclusive of patented material, published works under copyright protection, and unpublished works for which copyright registration has been made) come into the custody or possession of the Administrator of General Services, the United States or its agents are not liable for infringement of copyright or analogous rights" for "productions, exclusive of material copyrighted or patented, come into the custody or possession of the Administrator of General Services, the United States or its agents are not liable for infringement of literary property rights or analogous rights".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–553 effective Jan. 1, 1978, see section 102 of Pub. L. 94–553, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 17, Copyrights.
44 U.S.C. § 2106 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2106: Reports to Congress
Reports to Congress
Status: in_force

The Archivist shall submit to the Congress, in January of each year and at such other times as the Archivist finds appropriate, a report concerning the administration of functions of the Archivist, the Administration, the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, and the National Archives Trust Fund. Such report shall describe—

(1) program administration and expenditures of funds, both appropriated and nonappropriated, by the Administration, the Commission, and the Trust Fund Board;

(2) research projects and publications undertaken by Commission grantees, and by Trust Fund grantees, including detailed information concerning the receipt and use of all appropriated and nonappropriated funds;

(3) by account, the moneys, securities, and other personal property received and held by the National Archives Trust Fund Board, and of its operations, including a listing of the purposes for which funds are transferred to the National Archives and Records Administration for expenditure to other Federal agencies; and

(4) the matters specified in section 2904(c)(8) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §102(a)(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2282.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2106 was renumbered section 2110 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 2102 of this title.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in this section relating to the requirement that the Archivist submit a report to Congress in January of each year, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and the last item on page 179 of House Document No. 103–7.
44 U.S.C. § 720 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 720: Senate and House Manuals
Senate and House Manuals
Status: in_force

Each House may order printed as many copies as it desires, of the Senate Manual and of the Rules and Manual of the House of Representatives, even though the cost exceed $500.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1251.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §148 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §73, 28 Stat. 617).
44 U.S.C. § 301 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 3: GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE / Section 301: Director of the Government Publishing Office: appointment
Director of the Government Publishing Office: appointment
Status: in_force

(a) The President of the United States shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a suitable person to take charge of and manage the Government Publishing Office. The title shall be Director of the Government Publishing Office.

(b) The Director shall be appointed for a term of 10 years.

(c) An individual appointed to the position of Director, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, may be reappointed to that position in accordance with subsections (a) and (b).

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 92–310, title II, §210(a)(1), (2), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 204; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c), (g), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, 2538; Pub. L. 117–213, §1(a), Oct. 17, 2022, 136 Stat. 2251.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §31 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §17, 28 Stat. 603; June 12, 1917, ch. 27, §1, 40 Stat. 173; Feb. 20, 1923, ch. 98, 42 Stat. 1278; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, §1, 43 Stat. 1299; May 29, 1928, ch. 909, 45 Stat. 1006).

Changes are made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–213 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(g), struck out ", who must be a practical printer and versed in the art of bookbinding," after "suitable person" and substituted "The" for "His".

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in section catchline and text.

1972—Pub. L. 92–310 struck out "; bond" in section catchline, and provisions from text which required the Public Printer to give a bond in the sum of $25,000.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, provided that: "Any reference in any law other than in title 44, United States Code, or in any rule, regulation, certificate, directive, instruction, or other official paper in force on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2014] to the Public Printer shall be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Government Publishing Office."

Application of 2022 Amendment to Incumbent

Pub. L. 117–213, §1(b), Oct. 17, 2022, 136 Stat. 2251, provided that: "If there is an individual serving in the position of Director of the Government Publishing Office, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2022]—

"(1) the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to the appointment of such individual; and

"(2) the term of the individual for purposes of subsection (b) of section 301 of title 44, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall be considered to have started on the date on which the individual assumed the office of Director of the Government Publishing Office."
44 U.S.C. § 2120 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2120: Online access of founding fathers documents
Online access of founding fathers documents
Status: in_force

The Archivist may enter into a cooperative agreement to provide online access to the published volumes of the papers of—

(1) George Washington;

(2) Alexander Hamilton;

(3) Thomas Jefferson;

(4) Benjamin Franklin;

(5) John Adams;

(6) James Madison; and

(7) other prominent historical figures, as determined appropriate by the Archivist of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 110–404, §4(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4283.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Funds

Pub. L. 110–404, §4(b), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4283, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Archivist of the United States, in the role as chairman of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission may enter into cooperative agreements pursuant to section 6305 of title 31, United States Code, that involve the transfer of funds from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission to State and local governments, tribal governments, other public entities, educational institutions, or private nonprofit organizations for the public purpose of carrying out section 2120 of title 44, United States Codes [sic].

"(2) Report.—Not later than December 31st of each year, the Archivist of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives a report on the provisions, amount, and duration of each cooperative agreement entered into as authorized by paragraph (1) during the preceding fiscal year."
44 U.S.C. § 3602 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3602: Office of Electronic Government
Office of Electronic Government
Status: in_force

(a) There is established in the Office of Management and Budget an Office of Electronic Government.

(b) There shall be at the head of the Office an Administrator who shall be appointed by the President.

(c) The Administrator shall assist the Director in carrying out—

(1) all functions under this chapter;

(2) all of the functions assigned to the Director under title II of the E-Government Act of 2002; and

(3) other electronic government initiatives, consistent with other statutes.

(d) The Administrator shall assist the Director and the Deputy Director for Management and work with the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in setting strategic direction for implementing electronic Government, under relevant statutes, including—

(1) chapter 35;

(2) subtitle III of title 40, United States Code;

(3) section 552a of title 5 (commonly referred to as the "Privacy Act");

(4) the Government Paperwork Elimination Act (44 U.S.C. 3504 note); and

(5) the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002.

(e) The Administrator shall work with the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and with other offices within the Office of Management and Budget to oversee implementation of electronic Government under this chapter, chapter 35, the E-Government Act of 2002, and other relevant statutes, in a manner consistent with law, relating to—

(1) capital planning and investment control for information technology;

(2) the development of enterprise architectures;

(3) information security;

(4) privacy;

(5) access to, dissemination of, and preservation of Government information;

(6) accessibility of information technology for persons with disabilities; and

(7) other areas of electronic Government.

(f) Subject to requirements of this chapter, the Administrator shall assist the Director by performing electronic Government functions as follows:

(1) Advise the Director on the resources required to develop and effectively administer electronic Government initiatives.

(2) Recommend to the Director changes relating to Governmentwide strategies and priorities for electronic Government.

(3) Provide overall leadership and direction to the executive branch on electronic Government.

(4) Promote innovative uses of information technology by agencies, particularly initiatives involving multiagency collaboration, through support of pilot projects, research, experimentation, and the use of innovative technologies.

(5) Oversee the distribution of funds from, and ensure appropriate administration and coordination of, the E-Government Fund established under section 3604.

(6) Coordinate with the Administrator of General Services regarding programs undertaken by the General Services Administration to promote electronic government and the efficient use of information technologies by agencies.

(7) Lead the activities of the Chief Information Officers Council established under section 3603 on behalf of the Deputy Director for Management, who shall chair the council.

(8) Assist the Director in establishing policies which shall set the framework for information technology standards for the Federal Government developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and promulgated by the Secretary of Commerce under section 11331 of title 40, taking into account, if appropriate, recommendations of the Chief Information Officers Council, experts, and interested parties from the private and nonprofit sectors and State, local, and tribal governments, and maximizing the use of commercial standards as appropriate, including the following:

(A) Standards and guidelines for interconnectivity and interoperability as described under section 3504.

(B) Consistent with the process under section 207(d) of the E-Government Act of 2002, standards and guidelines for categorizing Federal Government electronic information to enable efficient use of technologies, such as through the use of extensible markup language.

(C) Standards and guidelines for Federal Government computer system efficiency and security.

(9) Sponsor ongoing dialogue that—

(A) shall be conducted among Federal, State, local, and tribal government leaders on electronic Government in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as leaders in the private and nonprofit sectors, to encourage collaboration and enhance understanding of best practices and innovative approaches in acquiring, using, and managing information resources;

(B) is intended to improve the performance of governments in collaborating on the use of information technology to improve the delivery of Government information and services; and

(C) may include—

(i) development of innovative models—

(I) for electronic Government management and Government information technology contracts; and

(II) that may be developed through focused discussions or using separately sponsored research;

(ii) identification of opportunities for public-private collaboration in using Internet-based technology to increase the efficiency of Government-to-business transactions;

(iii) identification of mechanisms for providing incentives to program managers and other Government employees to develop and implement innovative uses of information technologies; and

(iv) identification of opportunities for public, private, and intergovernmental collaboration in addressing the disparities in access to the Internet and information technology.

(10) Sponsor activities to engage the general public in the development and implementation of policies and programs, particularly activities aimed at fulfilling the goal of using the most effective citizen-centered strategies and those activities which engage multiple agencies providing similar or related information and services.

(11) Oversee the work of the General Services Administration and other agencies in developing the integrated Internet-based system under section 204 of the E-Government Act of 2002.

(12) Coordinate with the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy to ensure effective implementation of electronic procurement initiatives.

(13) Assist Federal agencies, including the General Services Administration, the Department of Justice, and the United States Access Board in—

(A) implementing accessibility standards under section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d); and

(B) ensuring compliance with those standards through the budget review process and other means.

(14) Oversee the development of enterprise architectures within and across agencies.

(15) Assist the Director and the Deputy Director for Management in overseeing agency efforts to ensure that electronic Government activities incorporate adequate, risk-based, and cost-effective security compatible with business processes.

(16) Administer the Office of Electronic Government established under this section.

(17) Assist the Director in preparing the E-Government report established under section 3606.

(g) The Director shall ensure that the Office of Management and Budget, including the Office of Electronic Government, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, and other relevant offices, have adequate staff and resources to properly fulfill all functions under the E-Government Act of 2002.

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title I, §101(a), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2902.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The E-Government Act of 2002, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 107–347, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2899. Title II of the Act, including sections 204 and 207(d) of the Act, is set out as a note under section 3501 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Government Paperwork Elimination Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(4), is title XVII of Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–749, which amended section 3504 of this title and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 3504 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (d)(5), probably means title III of Pub. L. 107–347, Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2946, which was classified principally to subchapter III of chapter 35 of this title and was repealed by Pub. L. 113–283, §2(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3073. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2002 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables. Another Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 is title X of Pub. L. 107–296, Nov. 25, 116 Stat. 2259. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2118 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2118: Records of Congress
Records of Congress
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, acting jointly, shall obtain at the close of each Congress all the noncurrent records of the Congress and of each congressional committee and transfer them to the National Archives and Records Administration for preservation, subject to the orders of the Senate or the House of Representatives, respectively.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1291, §2114; renumbered §2118 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(10), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §402 (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, title I, §140, 60 Stat. 833).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(10), substituted "National Archives and Records Administration" for "General Services Administration".

Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2114 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1332 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1332: National encampments of Veterans' organizations; proceedings printed annually for Congress
National encampments of Veterans' organizations; proceedings printed annually for Congress
Status: in_force

The proceedings of the national encampments of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, the American Legion, the Military Order of the Purple Heart, the Veterans of World War I of the United States of America, Incorporated, the Disabled American Veterans, and the AMVETS (American Veterans of World War II), respectively, shall be printed annually, with accompanying illustrations, as separate House documents of the session of the Congress to which they may be submitted.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 105–225, §3, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1498.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §275b (Mar. 2, 1931, ch. 378, §1, 46 Stat. 1481; Sept. 18, 1941, ch. 411, 55 Stat. 686; July 15, 1942, ch. 505, §1, 56 Stat. 659; Aug. 27, 1963, Pub. L. 88–105, §1, 77 Stat. 130; Dec. 21, 1963, Pub. L. 88–224, 77 Stat. 469).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–225 struck out "the United Spanish War Veterans," before "the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States".
44 U.S.C. § 2505 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 25: NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION / Section 2505: Special advisory committees; membership; reimbursement
Special advisory committees; membership; reimbursement
Status: in_force

The Commission may establish special advisory committees to consult with and make recommendations to it, from among the leading historians, political scientists, archivists, librarians, and other specialists of the Nation. Members of special advisory committees shall be reimbursed for transportation and other expenses on the same basis as members of the Commission.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1294.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §393(e) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §503, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583, and amended July 28, 1964, Pub. L. 88–383, 78 Stat. 335).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Advisory Committee on Founding Fathers Editorial Projects

Pub. L. 110–404, §5, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4283, which authorized the Archivist of the United States to establish an Advisory Committee on Founding Fathers Editorial Projects to review the progress of Founding Fathers editorial projects and to develop, review, and report on appropriate completion goals for such projects, terminated on Oct. 13, 2016.
44 U.S.C. § 903 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 9: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD / Section 903: Congressional Record: daily and permanent forms
Congressional Record: daily and permanent forms
Status: in_force

The public proceedings of each House of Congress as reported by the Official Reporters, shall be printed in the Congressional Record, which shall be issued in daily form during each session and shall be revised, printed, and bound promptly, as directed by the Joint Committee on Printing, in permanent form, for distribution during and after the close of each session of Congress. The daily and the permanent Record shall bear the same date, which shall be that of the actual day's proceedings reported. The "usual number" of the Congressional Record may not be printed.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1256.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §182a (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §14, as added June 20, 1936, ch. 630, title II, §2, 49 Stat. 1546).
44 U.S.C. § 1320A (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1320A: Historical societies' publications
Historical societies' publications
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and with the approval of the Joint Committee on Printing, the Director of the Government Publishing Office shall provide for such printing services and distribution with respect to publications of the United States Capitol Historical Society, the Supreme Court Historical Society, or the White House Historical Association as such Society or Association may request: Provided, That such Society or Association reimburses the Director of the Government Publishing Office for the actual expenses incurred by him in providing for such services and distribution.

(Added Pub. L. 96–536, §101(c), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3167; amended Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is based on section 304(a) of H.R. 7593, as passed the House of Representatives, July 21, 1980, and incorporated by reference in section 101(c) of Pub. L. 96–536, to be effective as if enacted into law.

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in two places.
44 U.S.C. § 1710 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1710: Index of documents: number and distribution
Index of documents: number and distribution
Status: in_force

The Superintendent of Documents, at the close of each regular session of Congress, shall prepare and publish a comprehensive index of public documents, upon a plan approved by the Joint Committee on Printing. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall, immediately upon its publication, deliver to him a copy of every document printed by the Government Publishing Office. The head of each executive department, independent agency and establishment of the Government shall deliver to him a copy of every document issued or published by the department, bureau, or office not confidential in character. He shall also prepare and print in one volume a consolidated index of Congressional documents, and shall index single volumes of documents as the Joint Committee on Printing directs. Two thousand copies each of the comprehensive index and of the consolidated index shall be printed and bound in addition to the usual number, two hundred for the Senate, eight hundred for the House of Representatives and one thousand for distribution by the Superintendent of Documents.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1280; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §76 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §62, 28 Stat. 610).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2114 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2114: Preservation of audio and visual records
Preservation of audio and visual records
Status: in_force

The Archivist may make and preserve audio and visual records, including motion-picture films, still photographs, and sound recordings, in analog, digital, or any other form, pertaining to and illustrative of the historical development of the United States Government and its activities, and provide for preparing, editing, titling, scoring, processing, duplicating, reproducing, exhibiting, and releasing for non-profit educational purposes, motion-picture films, still photographs, and sound recordings in the Archivist's custody.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1290, §2110; renumbered §2114 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(7), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286; Pub. L. 113–187, §3(c)(1), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2008.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §397(i) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583; and amended July 12, 1952, ch. 703, §1(o), (p), 66 Stat. 594; July 12, 1955, ch. 329, 69 Stat. 297; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 859, 69 Stat. 695; July 3, 1956, ch. 513, §4, 70 Stat. 494; June 13, 1957, Pub. L. 85–51, 71 Stat. 69; Mar. 15, 1958, Pub. L. 85–341, §1(1), 72 Stat. 34).

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2114 was renumbered section 2118 of this title.

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–187 amended section generally. Prior to amendment section related to preservation of motion-picture films, still pictures, and sound recordings.

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(7), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services".

Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2110 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3304 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 33: DISPOSAL OF RECORDS / Section 3304: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-287, §2(c), June 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 321
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-287, §2(c), June 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 321
Status: repealed

[§§3304 to 3307. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–287, §2(c), June 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 321]

Section 3304, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1300, related to submission of lists and schedules of records lacking preservation value by the Administrator of General Services to Congress. See section 3303a of this title.

Section 3305, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1300, related to examination of lists and schedules by joint congressional committees and report to Congress. See section 3303a of this title.

Section 3306, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1300, related to disposal of records by head of Government agency upon notification by Administrator of action by joint congressional committee. See section 3303a of this title.

Section 3307, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1301, related to disposal of records upon failure of joint congressional committees to act. See section 3303a of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3518 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3518: Effect on existing laws and regulations
Effect on existing laws and regulations
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the authority of an agency under any other law to prescribe policies, rules, regulations, and procedures for Federal information resources management activities is subject to the authority of the Director under this subchapter.

(b) Nothing in this subchapter shall be deemed to affect or reduce the authority of the Secretary of Commerce or the Director of the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (as amended) and Executive order, relating to telecommunications and information policy, procurement and management of telecommunications and information systems, spectrum use, and related matters.

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), this subchapter shall not apply to the collection of information—

(A) during the conduct of a Federal criminal investigation or prosecution, or during the disposition of a particular criminal matter;

(B) during the conduct of—

(i) a civil action to which the United States or any official or agency thereof is a party; or

(ii) an administrative action or investigation involving an agency against specific individuals or entities;

(C) by compulsory process pursuant to the Antitrust Civil Process Act and section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Improvements Act of 1980; or

(D) during the conduct of intelligence activities as defined in section 3.4(e) of Executive Order No. 12333, issued December 4, 1981, or successor orders, or during the conduct of cryptologic activities that are communications security activities.

(2) This subchapter applies to the collection of information during the conduct of general investigations (other than information collected in an antitrust investigation to the extent provided in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1)) undertaken with reference to a category of individuals or entities such as a class of licensees or an entire industry.

(d) Nothing in this subchapter shall be interpreted as increasing or decreasing the authority conferred by sections 11331 and 11332 1 of title 40 on the Secretary of Commerce or the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(e) Nothing in this subchapter shall be interpreted as increasing or decreasing the authority of the President, the Office of Management and Budget or the Director thereof, under the laws of the United States, with respect to the substantive policies and programs of departments, agencies and offices, including the substantive authority of any Federal agency to enforce the civil rights laws.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 183; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LI, §5131(e)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 688; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(h)(5)(C), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1907; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(7), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1302.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Executive order, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means Ex. Ord. No. 12046, Mar. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 13349, which is set out as a note under section 305 of Title 47, Telecommunications.

The Antitrust Civil Process Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 87–664, Sept. 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 548, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§1311 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1311 of Title 15 and Tables.

Section 13 of the Federal Trade Commission Improvements Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is classified to section 57b–1 of Title 15.

Executive Order No. 12333, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(D), is Ex. Ord. No. 12333, Dec. 4, 1981, 46 F.R. 59941, which is set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Section 11332 of title 40, referred to in subsec. (d), was repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2272, and Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(a), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2960.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3518, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2824, related to the effect on existing laws and regulations prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "sections 11331 and 11332 of title 40" for "section 5131 of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441) and the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759 note)".

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" wherever appearing.

1997—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1441)" for "Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996".

1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "section 5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 and the Computer Security Act of 1987 (40 U.S.C. 759 note) on the Secretary of Commerce or" for "Public Law 89–306 on the Administrator of the General Services Administration, the Secretary of Commerce, or".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of Pub. L. 106–398, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under former section 3531 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 702.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
44 U.S.C. § 1333 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1333: National high school and college debate topics
National high school and college debate topics
Status: in_force

(a) The Librarian of Congress shall prepare compilations of pertinent excerpts, bibliographical references, and other appropriate materials relating to:

(1) the subject selected annually by the National University Extension Association as the national high school debate topic and

(2) the subject selected annually by the American Speech Association as the national college debate topic.

In preparing the compilations the Librarian shall include materials which in his judgment are representative of, and give equal emphasis to, the opposing points of view on the respective topics.

(b) The compilations on the high school debate topics shall be printed as Senate documents and the compilations on the college debate topics shall be printed as House of Representatives documents, the cost of which shall be charged to the congressional allotment for printing and binding. Additional copies may be printed in the quantities and distributed in the manner the Joint Committee on Printing directs.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1270.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., Supp. III, §170 [§276a] (Dec. 30, 1963, Pub. L. 88–246, §§1, 2, 77 Stat. 802).
44 U.S.C. § 3613 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3613: Roles and responsibilities of agencies
Roles and responsibilities of agencies
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—In implementing the requirements of FedRAMP, the head of each agency shall, consistent with guidance issued by the Director pursuant to section 3614—

(1) promote the use of cloud computing products and services that meet FedRAMP security requirements and other risk-based performance requirements as determined by the Director, in consultation with the Secretary;

(2) confirm whether there is a FedRAMP authorization in the secure mechanism provided under section 3609(a)(8) before beginning the process of granting a FedRAMP authorization for a cloud computing product or service;

(3) to the extent practicable, for any cloud computing product or service the agency seeks to authorize that has received a FedRAMP authorization, use the existing assessments of security controls and materials within any FedRAMP authorization package for that cloud computing product or service; and

(4) provide to the Director data and information required by the Director pursuant to section 3614 to determine how agencies are meeting metrics established by the Administrator.

(b) Attestation.—Upon completing an assessment or authorization activity with respect to a particular cloud computing product or service, if an agency determines that the information and data the agency has reviewed under paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (a) is wholly or substantially deficient for the purposes of performing an authorization of the cloud computing product or service, the head of the agency shall document as part of the resulting FedRAMP authorization package the reasons for this determination.

(c) Submission of Authorizations to Operate Required.—Upon issuance of an agency authorization to operate based on a FedRAMP authorization, the head of the agency shall provide a copy of its authorization to operate letter and any supplementary information required pursuant to section 3609(a) to the Administrator.

(d) Submission of Policies Required.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Director issues guidance in accordance with section 3614(1), the head of each agency, acting through the chief information officer of the agency, shall submit to the Director all agency policies relating to the authorization of cloud computing products and services.

(e) Presumption of Adequacy.—

(1) In general.—The assessment of security controls and materials within the authorization package for a FedRAMP authorization shall be presumed adequate for use in an agency authorization to operate cloud computing products and services.

(2) Information security requirements.—The presumption under paragraph (1) does not modify or alter—

(A) the responsibility of any agency to ensure compliance with subchapter II of chapter 35 for any cloud computing product or service used by the agency; or

(B) the authority of the head of any agency to make a determination that there is a demonstrable need for additional security requirements beyond the security requirements included in a FedRAMP authorization for a particular control implementation.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3453.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1502 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 15: FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS / Section 1502: Custody and publishing of Federal documents; appointment of Director
Custody and publishing of Federal documents; appointment of Director
Status: in_force

The Archivist of the United States, acting through the Office of the Federal Register, is charged with the custody and, together with the Director of the Government Publishing Office, with the prompt and uniform publishing of the documents required or authorized to be published by section 1505 of this title. There shall be at the head of the Office a director, appointed by, and who shall act under the general direction of, the Archivist of the United States in carrying out this chapter and the regulations prescribed under it.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(3), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2287; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 118–267, §2(a)(1), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2983.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §301 (July 26, 1935, ch. 417, §1, 49 Stat. 500; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, §202, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2732, 53 Stat. 1435; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §104(a), 63 Stat. 381).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2025—Pub. L. 118–267 substituted "publishing" for "printing" in section catchline and "publishing" for "printing and distribution" in text.

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2910 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 29: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES AND BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES / Section 2910: Preservation of Freedmen's Bureau records
Preservation of Freedmen's Bureau records
Status: in_force

The Archivist shall preserve the records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, commonly referred to as the "Freedmen's Bureau", by using—

(1) microfilm technology for preservation of the documents comprising these records so that they can be maintained for future generations; and

(2) the results of the pilot project with the University of Florida to create future partnerships with Howard University and other institutions for the purposes of indexing these records and making them more easily accessible to the public, including historians, genealogists, and students, and for any other purposes determined by the Archivist.

(Added Pub. L. 106–444, §2(a), Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1929.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2910, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1297, provided for final authority of Administrator in records practices, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(4), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2726.
44 U.S.C. § 2906 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 29: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES AND BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES / Section 2906: Inspection of agency records
Inspection of agency records
Status: in_force

(a)(1) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities under this chapter, the Archivist (or the the 1 Archivist's designee) may inspect the records or the records management practices and programs of any Federal agency for the purpose of rendering recommendations for the improvement of records management practices and programs and for determining whether the records of Federal agencies have sufficient value to warrant continued preservation or lack sufficient value to justify continued preservation. Officers and employees of such agencies shall cooperate fully in such inspections, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection.

(2) Records, the use of which is restricted by law or for reasons of national security or the public interest, shall be inspected, in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Archivist, subject to the approval of the head of the agency concerned or of the President.

(3) If the Archivist (or the Archivist's designee) inspects a record, as provided in this subsection, which is contained in a system of records which is subject to section 552a of title 5, such record shall be—

(A) maintained by the Archivist or such designee as a record contained in a system of records; or

(B) deemed to be a record contained in a system of records for purposes of subsections (b), (c), and (i) of section 552a of title 5.

(b) In conducting the inspection of agency records provided for in subsection (a) of this section, the Archivist (or the Archivist's designee) shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of law cited in subsection (a)(3), comply with all other Federal laws and be subject to the sanctions provided therein.

(c) The Administrator (or the Administrator's designee) may inspect the mail processing practices and programs of any Federal agency for the purpose of rendering recommendations for the improvement of mail processing practices and programs. Officers and employees of such agencies shall cooperate fully in such inspections of mail processing practices and programs.

(Added Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(3), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2725; amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(17), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2289; Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2013; Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(3), Nov. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 1275.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2906, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1297, contained provisions similar to those comprising subsec. (a)(1) and (2) of this section, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(3).

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(3), added Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d)(3). See 2014 Amendment note below.

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d)(1)(A), substituted "the duties" for "their respective duties" and "the Archivist's designee" for "designee of either", struck out "the Administrator of General Services and" before "the Archivist" and "solely" after "any Federal agency", and inserted "and for determining whether the records of Federal agencies have sufficient value to warrant continued preservation or lack sufficient value to justify continued preservation" after "for the improvement of records management practices and programs".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d)(1)(B), struck out "the Administrator and" before "the Archivist" and "The regulations promulgated by the Administrator and the Archivist under this paragraph shall, to the extent practicable, be identical." at end.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d)(1)(C), in introductory provisions, struck out "the Administrator or" before "the Archivist" and substituted "Archivist's designee" for "designee of either" and, in subpar. (A), substituted "the Archivist" for "the Administrator, the Archivist,".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d)(2), struck out "the Administrator and" before "the Archivist" and substituted "Archivist's designee" for "designee of either".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(d)(3), as added by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(3), added subsec. (c).

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 inserted reference to Archivist in four places in subsecs. (a) and (b) and inserted at end of subsec. (b)(2) "The regulations promulgated by the Administrator and the Archivist under this paragraph shall, to the extent practicable, be identical."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–85 effective as if included in Pub. L. 113–187, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 115–85, set out as a note under section 2902 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

1 So in original.
44 U.S.C. § 3502 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3502: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter—

(1) the term "agency" means any executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency, but does not include—

(A) the Government Accountability Office;

(B) Federal Election Commission;

(C) the governments of the District of Columbia and of the territories and possessions of the United States, and their various subdivisions; or

(D) Government-owned contractor-operated facilities, including laboratories engaged in national defense research and production activities;

(2) the term "burden" means time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, or provide information to or for a Federal agency, including the resources expended for—

(A) reviewing instructions;

(B) acquiring, installing, and utilizing technology and systems;

(C) adjusting the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements;

(D) searching data sources;

(E) completing and reviewing the collection of information; and

(F) transmitting, or otherwise disclosing the information;

(3) the term "collection of information"—

(A) means the obtaining, causing to be obtained, soliciting, or requiring the disclosure to third parties or the public, of facts or opinions by or for an agency, regardless of form or format, calling for either—

(i) answers to identical questions posed to, or identical reporting or recordkeeping requirements imposed on, ten or more persons, other than agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United States; or

(ii) answers to questions posed to agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United States which are to be used for general statistical purposes; and

(B) shall not include a collection of information described under section 3518(c)(1);

(4) the term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;

(5) the term "independent regulatory agency" means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the Federal Maritime Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Mine Enforcement Safety and Health Review Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, the Postal Regulatory Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the Office of Financial Research, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and any other similar agency designated by statute as a Federal independent regulatory agency or commission;

(6) the term "information resources" means information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, funds, and information technology;

(7) the term "information resources management" means the process of managing information resources to accomplish agency missions and to improve agency performance, including through the reduction of information collection burdens on the public;

(8) the term "information system" means a discrete set of information resources organized for the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, dissemination, or disposition of information;

(9) the term "information technology" has the meaning given that term in section 11101 of title 40 but does not include national security systems as defined in section 11103 of title 40;

(10) the term "person" means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, business trust, or legal representative, an organized group of individuals, a State, territorial, tribal, or local government or branch thereof, or a political subdivision of a State, territory, tribal, or local government or a branch of a political subdivision;

(11) the term "practical utility" means the ability of an agency to use information, particularly the capability to process such information in a timely and useful fashion;

(12) the term "public information" means any information, regardless of form or format, that an agency discloses, disseminates, or makes available to the public;

(13) the term "recordkeeping requirement" means a requirement imposed by or for an agency on persons to maintain specified records, including a requirement to—

(A) retain such records;

(B) notify third parties, the Federal Government, or the public of the existence of such records;

(C) disclose such records to third parties, the Federal Government, or the public; or

(D) report to third parties, the Federal Government, or the public regarding such records;

(14) the term "penalty" includes the imposition by an agency or court of a fine or other punishment; a judgment for monetary damages or equitable relief; or the revocation, suspension, reduction, or denial of a license, privilege, right, grant, or benefit;

(15) the term "comprehensive data inventory" means the inventory created under section 3511(a), but does not include any underlying data asset listed on the inventory;

(16) the term "data" means recorded information, regardless of form or the media on which the data is recorded;

(17) the term "data asset" means a collection of data elements or data sets that may be grouped together;

(18) the term "machine-readable", when used with respect to data, means data in a format that can be easily processed by a computer without human intervention while ensuring no semantic meaning is lost;

(19) the term "metadata" means structural or descriptive information about data such as content, format, source, rights, accuracy, provenance, frequency, periodicity, granularity, publisher or responsible party, contact information, method of collection, and other descriptions;

(20) the term "open Government data asset" means a public data asset that is—

(A) machine-readable;

(B) available (or could be made available) in an open format;

(C) not encumbered by restrictions, other than intellectual property rights, including under titles 17 and 35, that would impede the use or reuse of such asset; and

(D) based on an underlying open standard that is maintained by a standards organization;

(21) the term "open license" means a legal guarantee that a data asset is made available—

(A) at no cost to the public; and

(B) with no restrictions on copying, publishing, distributing, transmitting, citing, or adapting such asset;

(22) the term "public data asset" means a data asset, or part thereof, maintained by the Federal Government that has been, or may be, released to the public, including any data asset, or part thereof, subject to disclosure under section 552 of title 5; and

(23) the term "statistical laws" means subchapter III of this chapter and other laws pertaining to the protection of information collected for statistical purposes as designated by the Director.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 164; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LVI, §5605(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(h)(5)(A), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1907; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(l)(4), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1301; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(e), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, §1216(e), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §315, title X, §1100D(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1524, 2111; Pub. L. 115–435, title II, §202(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5534.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3502, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2813; amended Pub. L. 98–443, §9(h), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1708; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII, §812], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–335, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §812], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–335; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §744(e), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 438, defined terms used in this chapter prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3502, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1302; Pub. L. 93–153, title IV, §409(a), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 593, defined "Federal agency", "person", and "information", prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

Amendments

2019—Pars. (15) to (23). Pub. L. 115–435 added pars. (15) to (23).

2010—Par. (5). Pub. L. 111–203, §1100D(a), which directed amendment of section 2(5) of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3502(5)) by inserting "the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the Office of Financial Research," after "the Securities and Exchange Commission,", was executed to this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 111–203, §315, inserted "Office of the Comptroller of the Currency," after "the Securities and Exchange Commission,".

2008—Par. (5). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "Federal Housing Finance Agency" for "Federal Housing Finance Board".

2006—Par. (5). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

2004—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

2002—Par. (9). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "section 11101 of title 40" for "section 5002 of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1401)" and "section 11103 of title 40" for "section 5142 of that Act (40 U.S.C. 1452)".

2000—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" in introductory provisions.

1997—Par. (9). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (40 U.S.C. 1401)" for "the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996" and inserted "(40 U.S.C. 1452)" after "that Act".

1996—Par. (9). Pub. L. 104–106 added par. (9) and struck out former par. (9) which read as follows: "the term 'information technology' has the same meaning as the term 'automatic data processing equipment' as defined by section 111(a)(2) and (3)(C)(i) through (v) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 759(a)(2) and (3)(C)(i) through (v));".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–435 effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by section 315 of Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by section 1100D(a) of Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of Pub. L. 106–398, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under former section 3531 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 702.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.

Abolition of Interstate Commerce Commission and Transfer of Functions

Interstate Commerce Commission abolished and functions of Commission transferred, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, to Surface Transportation Board effective Jan. 1, 1996, by section 1302 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 101 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49. References to Interstate Commerce Commission deemed to refer to Surface Transportation Board, a member or employee of the Board, or Secretary of Transportation, as appropriate, see section 205 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49.
44 U.S.C. § 506 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 506: Time for printing documents or reports which include illustrations or maps
Time for printing documents or reports which include illustrations or maps
Status: in_force

A document or report to be illustrated or accompanied by maps may not be printed by the Director of the Government Publishing Office until the illustrations or maps designed for it are ready for publication.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §115 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §80, 28 Stat. 621).

This section incorporates only the first clause of former section 115. The balance will be found in section 507 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".
44 U.S.C. § 1318 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1318: Geological Survey: classes and sizes of publications; report of mineral resources; number of copies; reprints; distribution
Geological Survey: classes and sizes of publications; report of mineral resources; number of copies; reprints; distribution
Status: in_force

The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of the Director, which shall be confined to one volume of royal octavo size; monographs, of quarto size; professional papers, of quarto size; bulletins, of ordinary octavo size; watersupply and irrigation papers, of ordinary octavo size; and maps, folios, and atlases required by law.

In addition to the usual number of the report of the Geological Survey, ten thousand copies shall be printed: two thousand for the Senate, four thousand for the House of Representatives, four thousand for distribution by the Geological Survey.

The reports of the Geological Survey, except the annual report of the Director, shall be published in editions recommended in each case by the Director and approved by the Secretary of the Interior, but not to exceed ten thousand copies.

When the edition of a report of the Survey is exhausted, and the demand for it continues, there may be published, on the requisition of the Secretary of the Interior, as many additional copies of the report as the Director of the Survey states will, in his judgment, be necessary to meet the demand.

The report of the mineral resources of the United States shall be published in two octavo volumes and as a distinct publication, the number of copies, printing of separate chapters, and mode of distribution of which shall be the same as of the annual report.

Three thousand copies of the monographs and bulletins of the Geological Survey shall be published.

The bulletins and professional papers shall be distributed gratuitously and of the number published one thousand copies shall be delivered to the Senate and two thousand copies to the House of Representatives, for distribution.

The Director of the Geological Survey shall transmit to the Library of Congress two copies of every report of the bureau as soon as the first delivery to the Survey is made, in addition to those received by the Library of Congress under any other law.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1268.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §260 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §73, 28 Stat. 614; Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 189, §1, 28 Stat. 960; June 11, 1896, ch. 420, §1, 29 Stat. 453; June 4, 1897, ch. 2, §1, 30 Stat. 61; Mar. 2, 1901, No. 17, 31 Stat. 1465; May 16, 1902, No. 22, 32 Stat. 741; Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 299, §1, 35 Stat. 988).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Geological Survey redesignated United States Geological Survey by provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of Title 43, Public Lands.
44 U.S.C. § 2912 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 29: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES AND BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES / Section 2912: Preservation of electronic messages and other records
Preservation of electronic messages and other records
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations Required.—The Archivist shall promulgate regulations governing Federal agency preservation of electronic messages that are determined to be records. Such regulations shall, at a minimum—

(1) require the electronic capture, management, and preservation of such electronic records in accordance with the records disposition requirements of chapter 33;

(2) require that such electronic records are readily accessible for retrieval through electronic searches; and

(3) include timelines for Federal agency implementation of the regulations that ensure compliance as expeditiously as practicable.

(b) Coverage of Other Electronic Records.—To the extent practicable, the regulations promulgated under subsection (a) shall also include requirements for the capture, management, and preservation of other electronic records.

(c) Review of Regulations Required.—The Archivist shall periodically review and, as necessary, amend the regulations promulgated under subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. H, title XCVI, §9602(b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4828.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Deadline for Regulations

Pub. L. 116–283, div. H, title XCVI, §9602(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4828, provided that: "Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021], the Archivist shall propose the regulations required under section 2912(a) of title 44, United States Code, as added by paragraph (1)."
44 U.S.C. § 1701 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1701: Publications for public distribution to be distributed by the Director of the Government Publishing Office; mailing lists
Publications for public distribution to be distributed by the Director of the Government Publishing Office; mailing lists
Status: in_force

Money appropriated by any Act may not be used for services in an executive department or other Government establishment at the District of Columbia, in the work of addressing, wrapping, mailing, or otherwise dispatching a publication for public distribution, except maps, weather reports, and weather cards issued by them or for the purchase of material or supplies to be used in this work. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall perform this work at the Government Publishing Office. The head of an executive department, independent office, and establishment of the Government at the District of Columbia, shall furnish from time to time to the Director of the Government Publishing Office mailing lists, in convenient form, and changes in them, or penalty mail slips, for use in the public distribution of publications issued by the department or establishment. The Director of the Government Publishing Office may furnish copies of a publication only in accordance with law or the instruction of the head of the department or establishment issuing the publication.

This section does not apply to orders, instructions, directions, notices, or circulars of information printed for and issued by an executive department or other Government establishment or to the distribution of public documents by Senators or Members of the House of Representatives or to the Senate Service Department, House of Representatives Publications Distribution Service, and document rooms of the Senate or House of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1278; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §95 (Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, §8, 37 Stat. 414; July 2, 1954, ch. 455, title I, §101, 68 Stat. 397).

"House of Representatives Publications Distribution Service" is substituted for "House Folding Room" because of the change of name under authority of Public Law 88–652.

The term "executive department, independent office, and establishment of the Government" is substituted for "executive department and other Government establishment" for uniformity.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" wherever appearing in section catchline and text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1906 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 19: DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM / Section 1906: Land-grant colleges constituted depositories
Land-grant colleges constituted depositories
Status: in_force

Land-grant colleges are constituted depositories to receive Government publications subject to the depository laws.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1284.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §85 (part) (Mar. 1, 1907, ch. 2284, §4, 34 Stat. 1014; June 25, 1938, ch. 708, 52 Stat. 1206; Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–579, 76 Stat. 354).

This section is from the last paragraph of former section 85; the remainder of that section will be found in section 1903 of the revision.
44 U.S.C. § 502 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 502: Procurement of printing, binding, and blank-book work by Director of the Government Publishing Office
Procurement of printing, binding, and blank-book work by Director of the Government Publishing Office
Status: in_force

Printing, binding, and blank-book work authorized by law, which the Director of the Government Publishing Office is not able or equipped to do at the Government Publishing Office, may be produced elsewhere under contracts made by him with the approval of the Joint Committee on Printing.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §111a (Feb. 28, 1929, ch. 367, §1, 45 Stat. 1400).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in section catchline and text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.

Contract Goal for Disadvantaged Small Businesses in Printing-Related Services

Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VIII, §843, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2026, as amended by Pub. L. 101–574, title IV, §401, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title VIII, §§801(h)(6), 806, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2445, 2448, required the Public Printer to establish and carry out a test program for increasing its award of contracts to small and disadvantaged businesses for the printing, binding, and related services needed by the Department of Defense for solicitations issued before October 1, 2000.
44 U.S.C. § 737 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 737: Binding for Senate library
Binding for Senate library
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Senate may make requisition upon the Director of the Government Publishing Office for the binding for the Senate library of books he considers necessary, at a cost not to exceed $200 per year.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1254; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §168 (Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 189, §1, 28 Stat. 958).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".
44 U.S.C. § 503 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 503: Printing in veterans' hospitals
Printing in veterans' hospitals
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding section 501 of this title, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may use the equipment described in subsection (b) for printing and binding that the Secretary finds advisable for the use of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

(b) The equipment referred to in subsection (a) is the printing and binding equipment that the various hospitals and homes of the Department of Veterans Affairs use for occupational therapy.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(r), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 282.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §111b (June 16, 1933, ch. 101, §1, 48 Stat. 302; Feb. 2, 1935, ch. 3, §1, 49 Stat. 18; Mar. 19, 1936, ch. 156, §1, 49 Stat. 1182).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Pub. L. 102–54 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Notwithstanding section 501 of this title, the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs may utilize the printing and binding equipment that the various hospitals and homes of the Veterans' Administration use for occupational therapy, for printing and binding which he finds advisable for the use of the Veterans' Administration."
44 U.S.C. § 1116 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 11: EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 1116: Annual reports: limitation on number of copies printed; reports of bureau chiefs
Annual reports: limitation on number of copies printed; reports of bureau chiefs
Status: in_force

Not to exceed five thousand copies, bound in pamphlet form, of the annual reports without appendices of a head of a department may be printed in a fiscal year. Not to exceed two thousand five hundred copies, bound in pamphlet form, of the reports without appendices of a chief of bureau may be printed in a fiscal year.

A head of department shall direct whether reports made to him by a bureau chief and chief of division may be printed or not.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1263.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §213 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §89, 28 Stat. 622).

This section incorporates only the first sentence of the second paragraph of former section 213 and the last paragraph of that section. The balance will be found in sections 1102, 1302, 1308, 1309, 1310, 1336 of the revision.
44 U.S.C. § 733 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 733: Documents and reports ordered by Members of Congress; franks and envelopes for Members of Congress
Documents and reports ordered by Members of Congress; franks and envelopes for Members of Congress
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office on order of a Member of Congress, on prepayment of the cost, may reprint documents and reports of committees together with the evidence papers submitted, or any part ordered printed by the Congress.

He may also furnish without cost to Members and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, blank franks printed on sheets and perforated, or singly at their option, for public documents. Franks shall contain in the upper left-hand corner the following words: "Public document. United States Senate" or "House of Representatives U.S." and in the upper right-hand corner the letters "U.S.S." or "M. C." Franks may also contain information relating to missing children as provided in section 3220 of title 39. But he may not print any other words except where it is desirable to affix the official title of a document. Other words printed on franks shall be at the personal expense of the Member or Resident Commissioner ordering them.

At the request of a Member of Congress or Resident Commissioner the Director of the Government Publishing Office may print upon franks or envelopes used for mailing public documents the facsimile signature of the Member or Resident Commissioner and a special request for return if not called for, and the name of the State or Commonwealth and county and city. The Member or Resident Commissioner shall deposit with his order the extra expense involved in printing these additional words.

The Director of the Government Publishing Office may also, at the request of a Member or Resident Commissioner, print on envelopes authorized to be furnished, the name of the Member or Resident Commissioner, and State or Commonwealth, the date, and the topic or subject matter, not exceeding twelve words.

The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall deposit moneys accruing under this section in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the appropriation made for the working capital of the Government Publishing Office for the year in which the work is done. He shall account for them in his annual report to Congress.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1253; Pub. L. 93–191, §8(a), Dec. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 93–255, §2(b), Mar. 27, 1974, 88 Stat. 52; Pub. L. 99–87, §1(c)(2), Aug. 9, 1985, 99 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §162 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §37, 28 Stat. 606; Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 189, §1, 28 Stat. 961; Jan. 30, 1904, ch. 39, 33 Stat. 9; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 549, §1, 43 Stat. 1300).

Section 893 of Title 48, U.S. Code, provides that: "The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico shall . . . be allowed the franking privilege granted Members of Congress."

By inference he should be included in section 733, since the franking privilege should include the means to use it.

Changes have been made in section 733 to include the Resident Commissioner as to printing of franks.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" wherever appearing.

1985—Pub. L. 99–87 inserted "Franks may also contain information relating to missing children as provided in section 3220 of title 39." before "But he may not print" in second par.

1974—Pub. L. 93–255 struck out "Postage paid by Congress." after "Public document." in second par.

1973—Pub. L. 93–191 substituted "Public document. Postage paid by Congress." for "Public document. Free." in second par.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–191 effective Dec. 18, 1973, see section 14 of Pub. L. 93–191, set out as a note under section 3210 of Title 39, Postal Service.
44 U.S.C. § 2119 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2119: Cooperative agreements
Cooperative agreements
Status: in_force

(a) Authority.—The Archivist may enter into cooperative agreements pursuant to section 6305 of title 31 that involve the transfer of funds from the National Archives and Records Administration to State and local governments, other public entities, educational institutions, or private nonprofit organizations (including foundations or institutes organized to support the National Archives and Records Administration or the Presidential archival depositories operated by it) for the public purpose of carrying out programs of the National Archives and Records Administration.

(b) Limitations.—Not more than $25,000 may be transferred under a cooperative agreement entered into as authorized by subsection (a). Not more than a total of $75,000 may be transferred under such agreements in any fiscal year.

(c) Report.—Not later than December 31st of each year, the Archivist shall submit to the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report on the provisions, amount, and duration of each cooperative agreement entered into as authorized by subsection (a) during the preceding fiscal year.

(Added Pub. L. 108–383, §5(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2219.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.
44 U.S.C. § 3611 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3611: Independent assessment
Independent assessment
Status: in_force

The Administrator may determine whether FedRAMP may use an independent assessment service to analyze, validate, and attest to the quality and compliance of security assessment materials provided by cloud service providers during the course of a determination of whether to use a cloud computing product or service.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3453.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1708 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1708: Prices for sales copies of publications; crediting of receipts; resale by dealers; sales agents
Prices for sales copies of publications; crediting of receipts; resale by dealers; sales agents
Status: in_force

The price at which additional copies of Government publications are offered for sale to the public by the Superintendent of Documents shall be based on the cost as determined by the Director of the Government Publishing Office plus 50 percent. A discount may be allowed as determined by the Superintendent of Documents, but the printing may not interfere with prompt execution of work for the Government.

The Superintendent of Documents may prescribe terms and conditions under which he authorizes the resale of Government publications by book dealers, and he may designate any Government officer his agent for the sale of Government publications under regulations agreed upon by the Superintendent of Documents and the head of the respective department or establishment of the Government.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1280; Pub. L. 95–94, title IV, §409(a), Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 683; Pub. L. 103–69, title II, §207(b), Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–447, div. G, title I, §1301, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3191; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §72a (June 30, 1932, ch. 314, §307, 47 Stat. 409).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in first par.

2004—Pub. L. 108–447, in first par., substituted "may be allowed as determined by the Superintendent of Documents" for "of not to exceed 25 percent may be allowed to book dealers and quantity purchasers".

1993—Pub. L. 103–69, in first par., struck out at end "Receipts from general sales of publications in excess of the total costs and expenses incurred in connection with the publication and sale thereof, as determined by the Public Printer, shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of miscellaneous receipts."

1977—Pub. L. 95–94 substituted "Receipts from general sales of publications in excess of the total costs and expenses incurred in connection with the publication and sale thereof, as determined by the Public Printer," for "Surplus receipts from sales".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–69 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 207(c) of Pub. L. 103–69, set out as a note under section 309 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–94, title IV, §409(b), Aug. 5, 1977, 91 Stat. 683, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1977."
44 U.S.C. § 2302 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 23: NATIONAL ARCHIVES TRUST FUND BOARD / Section 2302: Authority of the Board; seal; services; bylaws; rules; regulations; employees
Authority of the Board; seal; services; bylaws; rules; regulations; employees
Status: in_force

In carrying out the purposes of this chapter, the Board—

(1) may adopt an official seal, which shall be judicially noticed;

(2) may utilize on a reimbursable basis the services and personnel of the National Archives and Records Administration necessary (as determined by the Archivist) to assist the Board in the administration of the trust fund, and in the preparation and publication of special works and collections of sources and preparation, duplication, editing, and release of historical photographic materials and sound recordings, and may utilize on a reimbursable basis the services and personnel of other Federal agencies for such purposes;

(3) may adopt bylaws, rules, and regulations necessary for the administration of its functions under this chapter; and

(4) may, subject to the laws and regulations governing appointments in the civil service, appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry out its functions.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1292; Pub. L. 98–497, title II, §202(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2293.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §300hh (July 9, 1941. ch. 284, §8, 55 Stat. 582).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The laws governing appointments in the civil service, referred to in par. (4), are set out in Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, particularly, section 3301 et seq. of Title 5.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "In carrying out the purposes of this chapter, the Board may—

"(1) adopt an official seal, which shall be judicially noticed;

"(2) appoint, or authorize the Chairman to appoint, without regard to the civil-service laws, necessary employees, and fix their duties; and

"(3) adopt bylaws, rules, and regulations necessary for the administration of its functions under this chapter."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2113 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2113: Depository for agreements between States
Depository for agreements between States
Status: in_force

The Archivist may receive duplicate originals or authenticated copies of agreements or compacts entered into under the Constitution and laws of the United States, between States of the Union, and take necessary actions for their preservation and servicing.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1290, §2109; renumbered §2113 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(7), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §397(h) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583, and amended July 12, 1952, ch. 703, §1(o), (p), 66 Stat. 594; July 12, 1955, ch. 329, 69 Stat. 297; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 859, 69 Stat. 695; July 3, 1956, ch. 513, §4, 70 Stat. 494; June 13, 1957, Pub. L. 85–51, 71 Stat. 69; Mar. 15, 1958, Pub. L. 85–341, §1(1), 72 Stat. 34).

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2113 was renumbered section 2117 of this title.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(7), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services".

Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2109 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 507 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 507: Orders for printing to be acted upon within one year
Orders for printing to be acted upon within one year
Status: in_force

An order for public printing may not be acted upon by the Director of the Government Publishing Office after the expiration of one year unless the entire copy and illustrations for the work have been furnished within that period.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §115 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §80, 28 Stat. 621).

This section incorporates only the second clause of former section 115. The balance will be found in section 506 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".
44 U.S.C. § 726 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 726: Printing for committees of Congress
Printing for committees of Congress
Status: in_force

A committee of Congress may not procure the printing of more than one thousand copies of a hearing, or other document germane thereto, for its use except by simple, concurrent, or joint resolution, as provided by section 703 of this title.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1252.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §154 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §2, 28 Stat. 601; Mar. 1, 1907, ch. 2284, §1, 34 Stat. 1012).
44 U.S.C. § 2911 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 29: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES AND BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES / Section 2911: Disclosure requirement for official business conducted using non-official electronic messaging accounts
Disclosure requirement for official business conducted using non-official electronic messaging accounts
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—An officer or employee of an executive agency may not create or send a record using a non-official electronic messaging account unless such officer or employee—

(1) copies an official electronic messaging account of the officer or employee in the original creation or transmission of the record; or

(2) forwards a complete copy of the record to an official electronic messaging account of the officer or employee not later than 20 days after the original creation or transmission of the record.

(b) Adverse Actions.—The intentional violation of subsection (a) (including any rules, regulations, or other implementing guidelines), as determined by the appropriate supervisor, shall be a basis for disciplinary action in accordance with subchapter I, II, or V of chapter 75 of title 5, as the case may be.

(c) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Electronic messages.—The term "electronic messages" means electronic mail and other electronic messaging systems that are used for purposes of communicating between individuals.

(2) Electronic messaging account.—The term "electronic messaging account" means any account that sends electronic messages.

(3) Executive agency.—The term "executive agency" has the meaning given that term in section 105 of title 5.

(Added Pub. L. 113–187, §10(a), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2014.)
44 U.S.C. § 3902 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 39: GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE: OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL / Section 3902: Appointment of Inspector General; supervision; removal; pay; limits on bonuses; counsel
Appointment of Inspector General; supervision; removal; pay; limits on bonuses; counsel
Status: in_force

(a) There shall be at the head of the Office of Inspector General, an Inspector General who shall be appointed by the Director of the Government Publishing Office without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management analysis, public administration, or investigations. The Inspector General shall report to, and be under the general supervision of, the Director of the Government Publishing Office. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall have no authority to prevent or prohibit the Inspector General from initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation, or from issuing any subpena during the course of any audit or investigation.

(b)(1) The Inspector General may be removed from office, or transferred to another position within, or another location of, the Government Publishing Office, by the Director of the Government Publishing Office.

(2) Not later than 30 days before the Director removes or transfers the Inspector General under paragraph (1), the Director shall communicate in writing the reason for the removal or transfer to—

(A) the Committee on House Administration and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committee on Rules and Administration and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit a personnel action (except for removal or transfer) that is otherwise authorized by law.

(c)(1) The position of Inspector General shall be—

(A) classified as a position as a senior level employee, in accordance with this title; and

(B) have a rate of basic pay that is not less than the average rate of basic pay of all other senior level employees of the Government Publishing Office calculated on an annual basis.

(2) The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall establish the amount of the annual adjustment in the rate of basic pay for the Inspector General in an amount equal to the average of the annual adjustments in the rate of basic pay provided to all other senior level employees of the Government Publishing Office, consistent with this title.

(d) The Inspector General may not receive any cash award or cash bonus, including a cash award under chapter 45 of title 5.

(e) The Inspector General shall, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations governing selections, appointments, and employment at the Government Publishing Office, obtain legal advice from a counsel reporting directly to the Inspector General or another Inspector General.

(Added Pub. L. 100–504, title II, §202, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2530; amended Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XVI, §1602(c)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3211.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Pub. L. 116–94, §1602(c)(1)(A), inserted "; pay; limits on bonuses; counsel" after "removal" in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–94, §1602(c)(1)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The Inspector General may be removed from office by the Director of the Government Publishing Office. The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall, promptly upon such removal, communicate in writing the reasons for any such removal to each House of the Congress."

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 116–94, §1602(c)(1)(C), added subsecs. (c) to (e).

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Oct. 18, 1988, see section 206 of 100–504, set out as a note under section 3901 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3512 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3512: Public protection
Public protection
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information that is subject to this subchapter if—

(1) the collection of information does not display a valid control number assigned by the Director in accordance with this subchapter; or

(2) the agency fails to inform the person who is to respond to the collection of information that such person is not required to respond to the collection of information unless it displays a valid control number.

(b) The protection provided by this section may be raised in the form of a complete defense, bar, or otherwise at any time during the agency administrative process or judicial action applicable thereto.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 181; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3512, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2822, related to protection of persons failing to maintain or provide information if information collection request did not display current control number prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3512, added Pub. L. 93–153, title IV, §409(b), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 593, related to information for independent regulatory agencies, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

Amendments

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" in introductory provisions and par. (1).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of Pub. L. 106–398, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under former section 3531 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1506 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 15: FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS / Section 1506: Administrative Committee of the Federal Register; establishment and composition; powers and duties
Administrative Committee of the Federal Register; establishment and composition; powers and duties
Status: in_force

(a) Composition; Duties.—The Administrative Committee of the Federal Register shall consist of the Archivist of the United States or Acting Archivist, who shall chair the committee, an officer of the Department of Justice designated by the Attorney General, and the Director of the Government Publishing Office or Acting Director of the Government Publishing Office. The Director of the Federal Register shall act as secretary of the committee. The committee shall prescribe, with the approval of the President or their designee, regulations for carrying out this chapter. The regulations shall provide for, among other things, the following:

(1) The documents which shall be authorized under section 1505(b) to be published in the Federal Register.

(2) The manner and form in which the Federal Register shall be published.

(3) The manner and form in which agencies submit documents for publication in the Federal Register and special editions of the Federal Register.

(4) Subject to subsection (b), the manner of distribution to Members of Congress, officers and employees of the United States, or Federal agency, for official use, and the number which shall be available for distribution to the public.

(5) The prices to be charged for individual copies of, and subscriptions to, the Federal Register and any reprints and bound volumes of it.

(6) The manner and form by which the Federal Register may receive information and comments from the public, if practicable and efficient.

(7) Special editions of the Federal Register.

(b) Restrictions on Distribution of Free Printed Copies to Members of Congress and Officers and Employees of the United States.—

(1) Prohibiting subscription to printed copies without request.—Under the regulations prescribed to carry out subsection (a)(4), the Director of the Government Publishing Office may not provide a printed copy of the Federal Register without charge to any Member of Congress or any other office of the United States during a year unless—

(A) the Member or office requests a printed copy of a specific issue of the Federal Register; or

(B) during that year or during the previous year, the Member or office requested a subscription to printed copies of the Federal Register for that year, as described in paragraph (2).

(2) Administration of subscriptions.—The regulations prescribed to carry out subsection (a)(4) shall include—

(A) provisions regarding notifications to offices of Members of Congress and other offices of the United States of the restrictions of paragraph (1);

(B) provisions describing the process by which Members and other offices may request a specific issue of the Federal Register for purposes of paragraph (1)(A); and

(C) provisions describing the process by which Members and other offices may request a subscription to the Federal Register for purposes of paragraph (1)(B), except that such regulations shall limit the period for such a subscription to not longer than 1 year.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1275; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(5), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2287; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 115–120, div. A, §2(a), Jan. 22, 2018, 132 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 118–267, §2(f), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2985.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §§306, 391 (part) (July 26, 1935, ch. 417, §6, 49 Stat. 501; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §104, 63 Stat. 381).

This section incorporates only the last sentence from former section 391(b). The remainder of that section will be found in sections 2102, 2301, 2501, and 2902 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2025—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–267 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) related to the composition and duties of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register.

2018—Pub. L. 115–120, §2(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted heading.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 115–120, §2(a)(2), substituted "subject to subsection (b), the number of copies" for "the number of copies".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–120, §2(a)(3), added subsec. (b).

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in two places in introductory provisions.

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 struck out "The authority of the Administrator of General Services, under section 754 of title 40, to regroup, transfer, and distribute functions within the General Services Administration, does not extend to the Committee or its functions."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–120, div. A, §2(b), Jan. 22, 2018, 132 Stat. 29, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect January 1, 2018."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegations of functions vested in President by section 6 of Federal Register Act [now this section], to Attorney General and Archivist of United States, see section 6(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 10530, May 10, 1954, 19 F.R. 2709, as amended, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. See, also, section 103(b)(1) of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1719 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1719: International exchange of Government publications
International exchange of Government publications
Status: in_force

For the purpose of more fully carrying into effect the convention concluded at Brussels on March 15, 1886, and proclaimed by the President of the United States on January 15, 1889, there shall be supplied to the Superintendent of Documents not to exceed one hundred and twenty-five copies each of all Government publications, including the daily and bound copies of the Congressional Record, for distribution to those foreign governments which agree, as indicated by the Library of Congress, to send to the United States similar publications of their governments for delivery to the Library of Congress. Confidential matter, blank forms, circular letters not of a public character, publications determined by their issuing department, office, or establishment to be required for official use only or for strictly administrative or operational purposes which have no public interest or educational value, and publications classified for reasons of national security shall be exempted from this requirement. The printing, binding, and distribution costs of any publications distributed in accordance with this section shall be charged to appropriations provided the Superintendent of Documents for that purpose.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 97–276, §101(e), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1189; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(j), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(j), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287, as amended Pub. L. 100–71, title I, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 425.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964, ed., §139a (Mar. 2, 1901, No. 16, §3, 31 Stat. 1465; Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 421, §7, 43 Stat. 1106; June 20, 1936, ch. 630, title IV, §6, 49 Stat. 1550).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

There were two conventions concluded at Brussels on Mar. 15, 1886, and proclaimed by the President on Jan. 15, 1889: one was a convention "for the international exchange of official documents, scientific, and literary publications"; the other was "for the immediate exchange of the official journals, parliamentary annals, and documents."

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

The 1986 amendment is based on section 306 of title III of H.R. 5203 (see House Report 99–805 as filed in the House on Aug. 15, 1986), and incorporated by reference in section 101(j) of Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591, as amended by Pub. L. 100–71, to be effective as if enacted into law.

The 1982 amendment by Pub. L. 97–276 is based on section 305(b) of S. 2939, Ninety-seventh Congress, 2d Session, as reported Sept. 22, 1982, and incorporated by reference in section 101(e) of Pub. L. 97–276, to be effective as if enacted into law.

Amendments

1986—Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591, as amended by Pub. L. 100–71, amended last sentence generally, substituting "charged to appropriations provided the Superintendent of Documents for that purpose" for "chargeable to the department, office, or establishment issuing the publication". See Codification note above.

1982—Pub. L. 97–276 substituted "Superintendent of Documents" for first reference to "Library of Congress" and "for distribution to those foreign governments which agree, as indicated by the Library of Congress, to send to the United States similar publications of their governments for delivery to the Library of Congress" for "for distribution, through the Smithsonian Institution, to foreign governments which agree to send to the United States similar publications of their governments for delivery to the Library of Congress", and inserted "Confidential matter, blank forms, circular letters not of a public character, publications determined by their issuing department, office, or establishment to be required for official use only or for strictly administrative or operational purposes which have no public interest or educational value, and publications classified for reasons of national security shall be exempted from this requirement. The printing, binding, and distribution costs of any publication distributed in accordance with this section shall be chargeable to the department, office, or establishment issuing the publication."
44 U.S.C. § 2108 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2108: Responsibility for custody, use, and withdrawal of records
Responsibility for custody, use, and withdrawal of records
Status: in_force

(a) The Archivist shall be responsible for the custody, use, and withdrawal of records transferred to him. When records, the use of which is subject to statutory limitations and restrictions, are so transferred, permissive and restrictive statutory provisions with respect to the examination and use of records applicable to the head of the agency from which the records were transferred or to employees of that agency are applicable to the Archivist and to the employees of the National Archives and Records Administration, respectively. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, when the head of a Federal agency states, in writing, restrictions that appear to him to be necessary or desirable in the public interest with respect to the use or examination of records being considered for transfer from his custody to the Archivist, the Archivist shall, if he concurs,,1 impose such restrictions on the records so transferred, and may not relax or remove such restrictions without the written concurrence of the head of the agency from which the material was transferred, or of his successor in function, if any. In the event that a Federal agency is terminated and there is no successor in function, the Archivist is authorized to relax, remove, or impose restrictions on such agency's records when he determines that such action is in the public interest. Statutory and other restrictions referred to in this subsection shall remain in force until the records have been in existence for thirty years unless the Archivist by order, having consulted with the head of the transferring Federal agency or his successor in function, determines, with respect to specific bodies of records, that for reasons consistent with standards established in relevant statutory law, such restrictions shall remain in force for a longer period. Restriction on the use or examination of records deposited with the National Archives of the United States imposed by section 3 of the National Archives Act, approved June 19, 1934, shall continue in force regardless of the expiration of the tenure of office of the official who imposed them but may be removed or relaxed by the Archivist with the concurrence in writing of the head of the agency from which material was transferred or of his successor in function, if any.

(b) With regard to the census and survey records of the Bureau of the Census containing data identifying individuals enumerated in population censuses, any release pursuant to this section of such identifying information contained in such records shall be made by the Archivist pursuant to the specifications and agreements set forth in the exchange of correspondence on or about the date of October 10, 1952, between the Director of the Bureau of the Census and the Archivist of the United States, together with all amendments thereto, now or hereafter entered into between the Director of the Bureau of the Census and the Archivist of the United States. Such amendments, if any, shall be published in the Register.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1288, §2104; Pub. L. 95–416, §1(b), Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 915; renumbered §2108 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2285.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §397(b) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3 of the National Archives Act, approved June 19, 1934, referred to in subsec. (a), was classified to section 300c of former Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and was repealed by act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title VI, §602(a)(32), renumbered and added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §7(d), 64 Stat. 590.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2108 was renumbered section 2112 of this title.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2104 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(2), substituted "the Archivist and to the employees of the National Archives and Records Administration" for "the Administrator, the Archivist of the United States, and to the employees of the General Services Administration", struck out "and in consultation with the Archivist of the United States" before "impose such restrictions" in third sentence, struck out "the Archivist and" after "having consulted with" in fifth sentence, substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services" wherever appearing, and substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(2)(D), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services".

1978—Pub. L. 95–416 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted provisions permitting the Administrator to relax, remove, or impose restrictions in the public interest of records of agencies which have been terminated and requiring the Administrator with regard to duration of restrictions to consult with the Archivist and the head of the transferring Federal agency or his successor in function, and substituted "thirty years" for "fifty years", and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Procedures To Prevent Unauthorized Removal of Classified Records From National Archives

Pub. L. 113–187, §6, Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2010, provided that:

"(a) Classified Records.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 26, 2014], the Archivist shall prescribe internal procedures to prevent the unauthorized removal of classified records from the National Archives and Records Administration or the destruction or damage of such records, including when such records are accessed or searched electronically. Such procedures shall include, at a minimum, the following prohibitions:

"(1) An individual, other than covered personnel, may not view classified records in any room that is not secure, except in the presence of National Archives and Records Administration personnel or under video surveillance.

"(2) An individual, other than covered personnel, may not be left alone with classified records, unless that individual is under video surveillance.

"(3) An individual, other than covered personnel, may not review classified records while possessing any cellular phone, electronic personal communication device, or any other devices capable of photographing, recording, or transferring images or content.

"(4) An individual seeking access to review classified records, as a precondition to such access, must consent to a search of their belongings upon conclusion of their records review.

"(5) All notes and other writings prepared by an individual, other than covered personnel, during the course of a review of classified records shall be retained by the National Archives and Records Administration in a secure facility until such notes and other writings are determined to be unclassified, are declassified, or are securely transferred to another secure facility.

"(b) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Covered personnel.—The term 'covered personnel' means any individual—

"(A) who has an appropriate and necessary reason for accessing classified records, as determined by the Archivist; and

"(B) who is either—

"(i) an officer or employee of the United States Government with appropriate security clearances; or

"(ii) any personnel with appropriate security clearances of a Federal contractor authorized in writing to act for purposes of this section by an officer or employee of the United States Government.

"(2) Records.—The term 'records' has the meaning given that term under section 3301 of title 44, United States Code."

1 So in original.
44 U.S.C. § 1503 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 15: FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS / Section 1503: Filing documents with Office; notation of time; public inspection; transmission for publishing
Filing documents with Office; notation of time; public inspection; transmission for publishing
Status: in_force

The original document required or authorized to be published by section 1505 shall be filed with the Office of the Federal Register for publication at times established by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register by regulation. The Archivist of the United States shall cause to be noted on the original of each document the day and hour of filing. Upon filing, the document shall be immediately available for public inspection. The original shall be retained by the National Archives and Records Administration and shall be available for inspection under regulations prescribed by the Archivist, unless such original is disposed of in accordance with disposal schedules submitted by the Administrative Committee and authorized by the Archivist pursuant to regulations issued under chapter 33; however, originals of proclamations of the President and Executive orders shall be permanently retained by the Administration as part of the National Archives of the United States. The Office shall transmit to the Government Publishing Office, as provided by this chapter, each document required or authorized to be published by section 1505. Every Federal agency shall cause to be transmitted for filing the original of all such documents issued, prescribed, or promulgated by the agency.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1274; Pub. L. 95–440, §2, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(4), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2287; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 118–267, §2(c), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2983.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §302 (July 26, 1935, ch. 417, §2, 49 Stat. 500; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §104(a), 63 Stat. 381).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2025—Pub. L. 118–267 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section provided for the filing of documents, notation of time, public inspection, and transmission for printing.

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services", "National Archives and Records Administration" for "General Services Administration", and "Archivist" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.

1978—Pub. L. 95–440 substituted provision for retention of original documents by the General Services Administration for prior provision for retention in the archives of the National Archives and inserted provisions dispensing with such retention when disposals are made in accordance with disposal schedules and requiring retention of original proclamations of the President and Executive orders as part of the National Archives.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 732 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 732: Time for distribution of documents by Members of Congress extended
Time for distribution of documents by Members of Congress extended
Status: in_force

Reelected Members may distribute public documents to their credit, or the credit of their respective districts in the Interior or other Departments and bureaus, and in the Government Publishing Office, during their successive terms and until their right to frank documents ends.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1253; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §159 (June 4, 1897, ch. 2, §1, 30 Stat. 62).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3563 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter III: CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND STATISTICAL EFFICIENCY / Section 3563: Statistical agencies
Statistical agencies
Status: in_force

(a) Responsibilities.—

(1) In general.—Each statistical agency or unit shall—

(A) produce and disseminate relevant and timely statistical information;

(B) conduct credible and accurate statistical activities;

(C) conduct objective statistical activities; and

(D) protect the trust of information providers by ensuring the confidentiality and exclusive statistical use of their responses.

(2) Policies, best practices, and procedures.—Each statistical agency or unit shall adopt policies, best practices, and appropriate procedures to implement the responsibilities described in paragraph (1).

(b) Support From Other Agencies.—The head of each agency shall enable, support, and facilitate statistical agencies or units in carrying out the responsibilities described in subsection (a)(1).

(c) Regulations.—The Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(d) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Accurate.—The term "accurate", when used with respect to statistical activities, means statistics that consistently match the events and trends being measured.

(2) Confidentiality.—The term "confidentiality" means a quality or condition accorded to information as an obligation not to disclose that information to an unauthorized party.

(3) Objective.—The term "objective", when used with respect to statistical activities, means accurate, clear, complete, and unbiased.

(4) Relevant.—The term "relevant", when used with respect to statistical information, means processes, activities, and other such matters likely to be useful to policymakers and public and private sector data users.

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title III, §302(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5546.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
44 U.S.C. § 1308 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1308: Coast Guard: annual report of the Commandant
Coast Guard: annual report of the Commandant
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may authorize the printing of the annual report of the Commandant of the Coast Guard in such editions as the interests of the Government and of the public require.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(d), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 567.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §213 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §89, 28 Stat. 622; Mar. 13, 1896, No. 23, 29 Stat. 466; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §§4, 10, 32 Stat. 826, 829; Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 421, §4, 43 Stat. 1106; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, §2(a), eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2731, 53 Stat. 1432; Aug. 4, 1949, ch. 393, §§1, 20, 63 Stat. 496, 561; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931).

This section incorporates only so much of the third sentence of the second paragraph of former section 213 as relates to the annual report of the Commandant of the Coast Guard. The balance will be found in sections 1102, 1116, 1302, 1309, 1310, 1336 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–241 substituted "Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating" for "Secretary of the Department of Transportation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
44 U.S.C. § 1123 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 11: EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 1123: Binding materials; bookbinding for libraries
Binding materials; bookbinding for libraries
Status: in_force

Binding for the departments of the Government shall be done in plain sheep or cloth, except that record and account books may be bound in Russia leather, sheep fleshers, and skivers, when authorized by the head of a department. The libraries of the several departments, the Library of Congress, the libraries of the Surgeon General's Office, and the Naval Observatory may have books for the exclusive use of these libraries bound in half Turkey, or material no more expensive.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1264; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4732(b)(24)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–585.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §116 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §86, 28 Stat. 622).

This section incorporates all but the first sentence of former section 116. The balance will be found in section 501 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Pub. L. 106–113 struck out "the Patent Office," after "the Surgeon General's Office,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1999 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.
44 U.S.C. § 2209 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 22: PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS / Section 2209: Disclosure requirement for official business conducted using non-official electronic messaging accounts
Disclosure requirement for official business conducted using non-official electronic messaging accounts
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The President, the Vice President, or a covered employee may not create or send a Presidential or Vice Presidential record using a non-official electronic message account unless the President, Vice President, or covered employee—

(1) copies an official electronic messaging account of the President, Vice President, or covered employee in the original creation or transmission of the Presidential record or Vice Presidential record; or

(2) forwards a complete copy of the Presidential or Vice Presidential record to an official electronic messaging account of the President, Vice President, or covered employee not later than 20 days after the original creation or transmission of the Presidential or Vice Presidential record.

(b) Adverse Actions.—The intentional violation of subsection (a) by a covered employee (including any rules, regulations, or other implementing guidelines), as determined by the appropriate supervisor, shall be a basis for disciplinary action in accordance with subchapter I, II, or V of chapter 75 of title 5, as the case may be.

(c) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Covered employee.—The term "covered employee" means—

(A) the immediate staff of the President;

(B) the immediate staff of the Vice President;

(C) a unit or individual of the Executive Office of the President whose function is to advise and assist the President; and

(D) a unit or individual of the Office of the Vice President whose function is to advise and assist the Vice President.

(2) Electronic messages.—The term "electronic messages" means electronic mail and other electronic messaging systems that are used for purposes of communicating between individuals.

(3) Electronic messaging account.—The term "electronic messaging account" means any account that sends electronic messages.

(Added Pub. L. 113–187, §2(e)(1), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2006.)
44 U.S.C. § 1702 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 17: DISTRIBUTION AND SALE OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS / Section 1702: Superintendent of Documents; sale of documents
Superintendent of Documents; sale of documents
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall appoint a competent person to act as Superintendent of Documents who shall be under the control of the Director of the Government Publishing Office.

When an officer of the Government having in his charge documents published for sale desires to be relieved of them, he may turn them over to the Superintendent of Documents, who shall receive and sell them under this section. Moneys received from the sale of documents shall be returned to the Director of the Government Publishing Office on the first day of each month and be covered into the Treasury monthly.

The Superintendent of Documents shall also report monthly to the Director of the Government Publishing Office the number of documents received by him and the disposition made of them. He shall have general supervision of the distribution of all public documents, and to his custody shall be committed all documents subject to distribution, excepting those printed for the special official use of the executive departments, which shall be delivered to the departments, and those printed for the use of the two Houses of Congress, which shall be delivered to the Senate Service Department and House of Representatives Publications Distribution Service and distributed or delivered ready for distribution to Members upon their order by the superintendents of the Senate Service Department and House Publications Distribution Service, respectively.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1279; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §§71, 73 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §61, 28 Stat. 610; June 25, 1910, ch. 384, §1, 36 Stat. 770; Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, §1(62), 60 Stat. 871).

This section incorporates only part of former section 73. The balance will be found in section 308 of the revision.

"House of Representatives Publications Distribution Service" is substituted for "House Folding Room" because of the change of name under authority of Public Law 88–652.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" wherever appearing.
44 U.S.C. § 3301 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 33: DISPOSAL OF RECORDS / Section 3301: Definition of records
Definition of records
Status: in_force

(a) Records Defined.—

(1) In general.—As used in this chapter, the term "records"—

(A) includes all recorded information, regardless of form or characteristics, made or received by a Federal agency under Federal law or in connection with the transaction of public business and preserved or appropriate for preservation by that agency or its legitimate successor as evidence of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, operations, or other activities of the United States Government or because of the informational value of data in them; and

(B) does not include—

(i) library and museum material made or acquired and preserved solely for reference or exhibition purposes; or

(ii) duplicate copies of records preserved only for convenience.

(2) Recorded information defined.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "recorded information" includes all traditional forms of records, regardless of physical form or characteristics, including information created, manipulated, communicated, or stored in digital or electronic form.

(b) Determination of Definition.—The Archivist's determination whether recorded information, regardless of whether it exists in physical, digital, or electronic form, is a record as defined in subsection (a) shall be binding on all Federal agencies.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 94–575, §4(c)(2), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2727; Pub. L. 113–187, §5(a), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2009.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §366 (July 7, 1943, ch. 192, §1, 57 Stat. 380).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–187 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "As used in this chapter, 'records' includes all books, papers, maps, photographs, machine readable materials, or other documentary materials, regardless of physical form or characteristics, made or received by an agency of the United States Government under Federal law or in connection with the transaction of public business and preserved or appropriate for preservation by that agency or its legitimate successor as evidence of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, operations, or other activities of the Government or because of the informational value of data in them. Library and museum material made or acquired and preserved solely for reference or exhibition purposes, extra copies of documents preserved only for convenience of reference, and stocks of publications and of processed documents are not included."

1976—Pub. L. 94–575 expanded "records" to include "machine readable materials".
44 U.S.C. § 1342 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1342: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title IV, §384, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1016
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title IV, §384, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1016
Status: repealed

[§1342. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–127, title IV, §384, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1016]

Section, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1272, related to reports and congressional allotments for soil area surveys.
44 U.S.C. § 2105 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2105: Personnel and services
Personnel and services
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The Archivist is authorized to select, appoint, employ, and fix the compensation of such officers and employees, pursuant to part III of title 5, as are necessary to perform the functions of the Archivist and the Administration.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Archivist is authorized to appoint, subject to the consultation requirements set forth in paragraph (f)(2) of section 2203 of this title,1 a director at each Presidential archival depository established under section 2112 of this title. The Archivist may appoint a director without regard to subchapter I and subchapter VIII of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service and the Senior Executive Service. A director so appointed shall be responsible for the care and preservation of the Presidential records and historical materials deposited in a Presidential archival depository, shall serve at the pleasure of the Archivist and shall perform such other functions as the Archivist may specify.

(b) The Archivist is authorized to obtain the services of experts and consultants under section 3109 of title 5.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 973 of title 10 or any other provision of law, the Archivist, in carrying out the functions of the Archivist or the Administration, is authorized to utilize in the Administration the services of officials, officers, and other personnel in other Federal agencies, including personnel of the armed services, with the consent of the head of the agency concerned.

(d) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, United States Code, the Archivist is authorized to accept and utilize voluntary and uncompensated services.

(Added Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §102(a)(2), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2281; amended Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §649, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 556.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Paragraph (f)(2) of section 2203 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was redesignated (g)(2) of section 2203 of this title by Pub. L. 113–187, §2(c)(3), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2006.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2105 was renumbered section 2109 of this title.

Amendments

2001—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–67 amended subsec. (a) generally, designating existing provisions as par. (1) and adding par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 2102 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
44 U.S.C. § 2110 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2110: Servicing records
Servicing records
Status: in_force

The Archivist shall provide and maintain facilities he considers necessary or desirable for servicing records in his custody that are not exempt from examination by statutory or other restrictions.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1288, §2106; renumbered §2110 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(4), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §397(d) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583).

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2110 was renumbered section 2114 of this title.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(4), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services".

Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2106 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3610 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3610: FedRAMP Board
FedRAMP Board
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment.—There is established a FedRAMP Board to provide input and recommendations to the Administrator regarding the requirements and guidelines for, and the prioritization of, security assessments of cloud computing products and services.

(b) Membership.—The FedRAMP Board shall consist of not more than 7 senior officials or experts from agencies appointed by the Director, in consultation with the Administrator, from each of the following:

(1) The Department of Defense.

(2) The Department of Homeland Security.

(3) The General Services Administration.

(4) Such other agencies as determined by the Director, in consultation with the Administrator.

(c) Qualifications.—Members of the FedRAMP Board appointed under subsection (b) shall have technical expertise in domains relevant to FedRAMP, such as—

(1) cloud computing;

(2) cybersecurity;

(3) privacy;

(4) risk management; and

(5) other competencies identified by the Director to support the secure authorization of cloud services and products.

(d) Duties.—The FedRAMP Board shall—

(1) in consultation with the Administrator, serve as a resource for best practices to accelerate the process for obtaining a FedRAMP authorization;

(2) establish and regularly update requirements and guidelines for security authorizations of cloud computing products and services, consistent with standards and guidelines established by the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to be used in the determination of FedRAMP authorizations;

(3) monitor and oversee, to the greatest extent practicable, the processes and procedures by which agencies determine and validate requirements for a FedRAMP authorization, including periodic review of the agency determinations described in section 3613(b);

(4) ensure consistency and transparency between agencies and cloud service providers in a manner that minimizes confusion and engenders trust; and

(5) perform such other roles and responsibilities as the Director may assign, with concurrence from the Administrator.

(e) Determinations of Demand for Cloud Computing Products and Services.—The FedRAMP Board may consult with the Chief Information Officers Council to establish a process, which may be made available on the website maintained under section 3609(b), for prioritizing and accepting the cloud computing products and services to be granted a FedRAMP authorization.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3452.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1336 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1336: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency: special publications
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency: special publications
Status: in_force

The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency may authorize the printing of notices to mariners, light lists, sailing directions, bulletins, and other special publications of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in editions the interests of the Government and of the public may require.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1271; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §§1112(e)(2), 1123(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2684, 2688; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §213 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §89, 28 Stat. 622; Mar. 13, 1896, No. 23, 29 Stat. 466; Mar. 3, 1925, ch. 421, §4, 43, Stat. 1106; July 10, 1962, Pub. L. 87–533, §§1, 2, 76 Stat. 154).

This section incorporates only part of the third sentence, second paragraph of former section 213. The balance will be found in sections 1102, 1116, 1302, 1308, 1309, 1310, of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" in section catchline and two places in text.

1996—Pub. L. 104–201, §1123(b)(1), substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Naval Oceanographic Office" in section catchline.

Pub. L. 104–201, §1112(e)(2), substituted "Director of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Secretary of the Navy" and "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "United States Naval Oceanographic Office".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.