22 U.S.C. § 2765 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter II: FOREIGN MILITARY SALES AUTHORIZATIONS / Section 2765: Annual estimate and justification for sales program
Annual estimate and justification for sales program
Status: in_force

(a) Report to Congress; contents

Except as provided in subsection (d) 1 of this section, no later than February 1 of each year, the President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional committees, as a part of the annual presentation materials for security assistance programs proposed for the next fiscal year, a report which sets forth—

(1) an arms sales proposal covering all sales and licensed commercial exports under this chapter, as well as exports pursuant to a treaty referred to in section 2778(j)(1)(C)(i) of this title, of major weapons or weapons-related defense equipment for $7,000,000 or more, or of any other weapons or weapons-related defense equipment for $25,000,000 or more, which are considered eligible for approval during the current calendar year, together with an indication of which sales and licensed commercial exports are deemed most likely actually to result in the issuance of a letter of offer or of an export license during such year;

(2) an estimate of the total amount of sales and licensed commercial exports, as well as exports pursuant to a treaty referred to in section 2778(j)(1)(C)(i) of this title, expected to be made to each foreign nation from the United States;

(3) the United States national security considerations involved in expected sales or licensed commercial exports to each country, an analysis of the relationship between anticipated sales to each country and arms control efforts concerning such country and an analysis of the impact of such anticipated sales on the stability of the region that includes such country;

(4) an estimate with regard to the international volume of arms traffic to and from nations purchasing arms as set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, together with best estimates of the sale and delivery of weapons and weapons-related defense equipment by all major arms suppliers to all major recipient countries during the preceding fiscal year;

(5)(A) an estimate of the aggregate dollar value and quantity of defense articles and defense services, military education and training, grant military assistance, and credits and guarantees, to be furnished by the United States to each foreign country and international organization in the next fiscal year; and

(B) for each country that is proposed to be furnished credits or guaranties under this chapter in the next fiscal year and that has been approved for cash flow financing (as defined in subsection (d) 1 of this section) in excess of $100,000,000 as of October 1 of the current fiscal year—

(i) the amount of such approved cash flow financing,

(ii) a description of administrative ceilings and controls applied, and

(iii) a description of the financial resources otherwise available to such country to pay such approved cash flow financing;

(6) an analysis and description of the services performed during the preceding fiscal year by officers and employees of the United States Government carrying out functions on a full-time basis under this chapter for which reimbursement is provided under section 2792(b) of this title or section 2761(a) of this title, including the number of personnel involved in performing such services;

(7) the total amount of funds in the reserve under section 2764(c) of this title at the end of the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which a report under this section is made, together with an assessment of the adequacy of such total amount of funds as a reserve for the payment of claims under guarantees issued pursuant to section 2764 of this title in view of the current debt servicing capacity of borrowing countries, as reported to the Congress pursuant to section 634(a)(5) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2394(a)(5)];

(8) a list of all countries with respect to which findings made by the President pursuant to section 2753(a)(1) of this title are in effect on the date of such transmission;

(9) the progress made under the program of the Republic of Korea to modernize its armed forces, the role of the United States in mutual security efforts in the Republic of Korea and the military balance between the People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea;

(10) the amount and nature of Soviet military assistance to the armed forces of Cuba during the preceding fiscal year and the military capabilities of those armed forces;

(11) the status of each loan and each contract of guaranty or insurance theretofore made under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], predecessor Acts, or any Act authorizing international security assistance, with respect to which there remains outstanding any unpaid obligation or potential liability; the status of each extension of credit for the procurement of defense articles or defense services, and of each contract of guaranty in connection with any such procurement, theretofore made under this chapter with respect to which there remains outstanding any unpaid obligation or potential liability;

(12)(A) a detailed accounting of all articles, services, credits, guarantees, or any other form of assistance furnished by the United States to each country and international organization, including payments to the United Nations, during the preceding fiscal year for the detection and clearance of landmines, including activities relating to the furnishing of education, training, and technical assistance for the detection and clearance of landmines; and

(B) for each provision of law making funds available or authorizing appropriations for demining activities described in subparagraph (A), an analysis and description of the objectives and activities undertaken during the preceding fiscal year, including the number of personnel involved in performing such activities;

(13) a list of weapons systems that are significant military equipment (as defined in section 2794(9) of this title), and numbers thereof, that are believed likely to become available for transfer as excess defense articles during the next 12 months; and

(14) such other information as the President may deem necessary.

(b) Congressional request for additional information

Not later than thirty days following the receipt of a request made by any of the congressional committees described in subsection (e) for additional information with respect to any information submitted pursuant to subsection (a), the President shall submit such information to such committee.

(c) Submission of information in unclassified form or classified addendum with unclassified summary

The President shall make every effort to submit all of the information required by subsection (a) or (b) wholly in unclassified form. Whenever the President submits any such information in classified form, he shall submit such classified information in an addendum and shall also submit simultaneously a detailed summary, in unclassified form, of such classified information.

(d) 2 "Cash flow financing" defined

For the purposes of subsection (a)(5)(B) of this section, the term "cash flow financing" means the dollar amount of the difference between the total estimated price of a Letter of Offer and Acceptance or other purchase agreement that has been approved for financing under this chapter or under section 503(a)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2311(a)(3)] and the amount of the financing that has been approved therefor; 3

(d) 2 Transmission of information to Congress

The information required by subsection (a)(4) of this section shall be transmitted to the Congress no later than April 1 of each year.

(e) "Appropriate congressional committees" defined

As used in this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 2, §25, as added Pub. L. 94–329, title II, §209(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 739; amended Pub. L. 95–384, §18, Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 96–92, §§13, 14, Oct. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 706; Pub. L. 96–533, title I, §§104(c), 107(d), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3133, 3137; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §732, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1557; Pub. L. 99–83, title I, §§112, 113, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 104–164, title I, §102(d), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1423; Pub. L. 105–118, title V, §519, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2411; Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XII, §1232, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1433; Pub. L. 111–266, title I, §104(c), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2799; Pub. L. 113–276, title II, §208(a)(3), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2993.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subsection (d) of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), preceding par. (1), probably means the subsec. (d) added by section 113(2) of Pub. L. 99–83, relating to transmittal of information to Congress.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (5)(B), (6) and (d), was in the original "this Act", and this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(11), was in the original "the Arms Export Control Act", both of which mean Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1321, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

Subsection (d) of this section, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(B), probably means the subsec. (d) added by section 112(b) of Pub. L. 99–83, defining cash flow financing.

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a)(11), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–276 substituted "Foreign Affairs" for "International Relations".

2010—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–266, §104(c)(1), inserted ", as well as exports pursuant to a treaty referred to in section 2778(j)(1)(C)(i) of this title," after "commercial exports under this chapter".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–266, §104(c)(2), inserted ", as well as exports pursuant to a treaty referred to in section 2778(j)(1)(C)(i) of this title," after "commercial exports".

2002—Subsec. (a)(13), (14). Pub. L. 107–228 added par. (13) and redesignated former par. (13) as (14).

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–118, §519(1), substituted "appropriate congressional committees" for "Congress" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–118, §519(2), substituted "any of the congressional committees described in subsection (e)" for "the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate or the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–118, §519(3), added subsec. (e).

1996—Subsec. (a)(12), (13). Pub. L. 104–164 added par. (12) and redesignated former par. (12) as (13).

1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–83, §113(1), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, no" for "No".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 99–83, §112(a), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–83, §112(b), added subsec. (d) defining "cash flow financing".

Pub. L. 99–83, §113(2), added subsec. (d) relating to transmittal of information to Congress.

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–113, in provision preceding par. (1), required transmission of the report no later than Feb. 1 of each year and substituted provision for annual presentation materials for programs proposed for next fiscal year for provision for presentation materials for programs proposed for each fiscal year.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (1) which incorporated provisions of former subsec. (d)(1) of this section. See subsec. (d) amendment note. Former par. (1) covered in par. (3).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (2). Former par. (2), which required the report to contain an estimate of amount of credits and guaranties expected to be extended to each country under sections 2763 and 2764 of this title, covered in par. (5).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (3) which incorporated provisions of former par. (1) requiring the report to contain an estimate of amounts of expected sales to each country under sections 2761 and 2762 of this title, including detailed explanations of foreign policy and United States national security considerations in expected sales to each country, and (5) requiring inclusion of an arms control impact statement for each purchasing country, covering (A) an analysis of the relationship between expected sales to each country and arms control efforts relating to that country, and (B) the impact of such expected sales on the stability of the region that included the purchasing country. Former par. (3) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (4) which incorporated provisions of former subsec. (e), which had required executive estimates of international arms traffic, including estimates on an annual basis of the sale and delivery of weapons and weapons-related defense equipment by all major arms suppliers to all major recipient countries during the preceding three years. Former par. (4) covered in par. (8).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (5) which incorporated provisions of former par. (2) requiring the report to contain an estimate of amount of credits and guaranties expected to be extended to each country under sections 2763 and 2764 of this title. Former par. (5) covered in par. (3).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (6).

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 97–113 redesignated former par. (3) as (7).

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 97–113 added par. (8), which incorporated provisions of former par. (4), requiring the report to contain a list of all findings in effect on date of its transmission made by the President pursuant to section 2753(a)(1) of this title, together with a full and complete justification for each finding, explaining how sales to each country with respect to which findings were made would strengthen the security of the United States and promote world peace.

Subsecs. (a)(9) to (12). Pub. L. 97–113 added pars. (9) to (12).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–113 substituted "Committee on Foreign Affairs" for "Committee on International Relations", and "with respect to any information" for "with respect to any estimate".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–113 substituted "Whenever the President" for "In the event the President".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–113 incorporated in subsec. (a) introductory text and subsec. (a)(1), provisions of former subsec. (d)(1) which had required transmission to the Speaker of the House and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee the Arms Sales Proposal covering sales and licensed commercials exports under this chapter (other than such transactions to members of North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand) of major weapons or weapons-related defense equipment for $7,000,000 or more, or of any other weapons or similar equipment for $25,000,000 or more, which were eligible for approval during fiscal year beginning October 1 of such year and had required identification in the reports of sales and licensed commercial exports deemed most likely actually to result in issuance of a letter of offer or of an export license during such fiscal year, and subsec. (d)(2) which had required Presidential six month written notifications of Congress of any change in the Arms Sales Proposal for such fiscal year, together with reasons therefor.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–113 incorporated, in subsec. (a) introductory text and subsec. (a)(4), provisions of former subsec. (e) which had required transmission to Congress on or before Nov. 15 of each year executive estimates of international arms traffic, including estimates on an annual basis of the sale and delivery of weapons and weapons-related defense equipment by all major arms suppliers to all major recipient countries during the preceding three years.

1980—Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 96–533, §104(c), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 96–533, §107(d), included coverage of licensed commercial exports and substituted "letter of offer or of an export license" for "letter of offer".

1979—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–92, §13(1)–(4), designated existing provision as par. (1), substituted "major weapons or weapons-related defense equipment" for "major defense equipment" and "weapons or weapons-related defense equipment" for "defense articles or defense services", required identification of sales likely to result in issuance of a letter of offer in the furnished reports, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–92, §14, added subsec. (e).

1978—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–384, §18(b), substituted "subsection (a) or (b)" for "this section".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–384, §18(a), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of the President under this section, with certain conditions, see section 1(g) of Ex. Ord. No. 13637, Mar. 8, 2013, 78 F.R. 16129, set out as a note under section 2751 of this title. Functions were previously delegated by Ex. Ord. No. 11958, which was formerly set out as a note under section 2751 of this title and was revoked, subject to a savings provision, by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 13637.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Two subsecs. (d) have been enacted.

3 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.
22 U.S.C. § 2734 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2734: Reconstruction and stabilization
Reconstruction and stabilization
Status: in_force

(a) Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization

(1) Establishment

There is established within the Department of State the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization.

(2) Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization

The head of the Office shall be the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Coordinator shall report directly to the Secretary.

(3) Functions

The functions of the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization shall include the following:

(A) Monitoring, in coordination with relevant bureaus and offices of the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), political and economic instability worldwide to anticipate the need for mobilizing United States and international assistance for the reconstruction and stabilization of a country or region that is at risk of, in, or are 1 in transition from, conflict or civil strife.

(B) Assessing the various types of reconstruction and stabilization crises that could occur and cataloging and monitoring the non-military resources and capabilities of agencies (as such term is defined in section 1603 of the Reconstruction and Stabilization Civilian Management Act of 2008) that are available to address such crises.

(C) Planning, in conjunction with USAID, to address requirements, such as demobilization, disarmament, rebuilding of civil society, policing, human rights monitoring, and public information, that commonly arise in reconstruction and stabilization crises.

(D) Coordinating with relevant agencies to develop interagency contingency plans and procedures to mobilize and deploy civilian personnel and conduct reconstruction and stabilization operations to address the various types of such crises.

(E) Entering into appropriate arrangements with agencies to carry out activities under this section and the Reconstruction and Stabilization Civilian Management Act of 2008.

(F) Identifying personnel in State and local governments and in the private sector who are available to participate in the Civilian Reserve Corps established under subsection (b) or to otherwise participate in or contribute to reconstruction and stabilization activities.

(G) Taking steps to ensure that training and education of civilian personnel to perform such reconstruction and stabilization activities is adequate and is carried out, as appropriate, with other agencies involved with stabilization operations.

(H) Taking steps to ensure that plans for United States reconstruction and stabilization operations are coordinated with and complementary to reconstruction and stabilization activities of other governments and international and nongovernmental organizations, to improve effectiveness and avoid duplication.

(I) Maintaining the capacity to field on short notice an evaluation team consisting of personnel from all relevant agencies to undertake on-site needs assessment.

(b) Response Readiness Corps

(1) Response Readiness Corps

The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the heads of other appropriate agencies of the United States Government, may establish and maintain a Response Readiness Corps (referred to in this section as the "Corps") to provide assistance in support of reconstruction and stabilization operations in countries or regions that are at risk of, in, or are in transition from, conflict or civil strife. The Corps shall be composed of active and standby components consisting of United States Government personnel, including employees of the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, and other agencies who are recruited and trained (and employed in the case of the active component) to provide such assistance when deployed to do so by the Secretary to support the purposes of this Act.

(2) Civilian Reserve Corps

The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, may establish a Civilian Reserve Corps for which purpose the Secretary is authorized to employ and train individuals who have the skills necessary for carrying out reconstruction and stabilization activities, and who have volunteered for that purpose. The Secretary may deploy members of the Civilian Reserve Corps pursuant to a determination by the President under section 2368 of this title.

(3) Mitigation of domestic impact

The establishment and deployment of any Civilian Reserve Corps shall be undertaken in a manner that will avoid substantively impairing the capacity and readiness of any State and local governments from which Civilian Reserve Corps personnel may be drawn.

(c) Existing training and education programs

The Secretary shall ensure that personnel of the Department, and, in coordination with the Administrator of USAID, that personnel of USAID, make use of the relevant existing training and education programs offered within the Government, such as those at the Center for Stabilization and Reconstruction Studies at the Naval Postgraduate School and the Interagency Training, Education, and After Action Review Program at the National Defense University.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §62, as added Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XVI, §1605, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4654.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Reconstruction and Stabilization Civilian Management Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(B), (E), is Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XVI, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4652, which enacted this section, sections 2368 and 2734a of this title, and provisions set out as notes under sections 2151, 2368, and 2734a of this title. Section 1603 of the Act is set out as a note under section 2734a of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, 70 Stat. 890, known as the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2651 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of "Secretary", "agency", and "personnel" as used in this section, see section 1603 of Pub. L. 110–417, set out as a note under section 2734a of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "is".
22 U.S.C. § 1442 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1442: Informational media guaranties
Informational media guaranties
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization to make

The Director of the United States Information Agency may make guaranties, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 1933 1 of this title, of investments in enterprises producing or distributing informational media consistent with the national interests of the United States: Provided, That the purpose of making informational media guaranties shall be the achievement of the foreign policy objectives of the United States, including the objective mentioned in sections 1933(b)(4)(A) 1 and 1933(b)(4)(G) 1 of this title.

(b) Assumption of notes issued pursuant to section 1509(c)(2) of this title; advances

The Director is authorized to assume the obligation of not to exceed $28,000,000 of the notes authorized to be issued pursuant to section 1509(c)(2) 1 of this title, together with the interest accrued and unpaid thereon, and to obtain advances from time to time from the Secretary of the Treasury up to such amount, less amounts previously advanced on such notes, as provided for in said notes. Such advances shall be deposited in a special account in the Treasury available for payments under informational media guaranties.

(c) Limitations of time; total of guaranties outstanding

The Director is authorized to make informational media guaranties without regard to the limitations of time contained in section 1933(b)(4) 1 of this title, but the total of such guaranties outstanding at any one time shall not exceed the sum of the face amount of the notes assumed by the Director less the amounts previously advanced on such notes by the Secretary of the Treasury plus the amount of the funds in the special account referred to in subsection (b).

(d) Sale of foreign currencies; special account; availability

Foreign currencies available after June 30, 1955, from conversions made pursuant to the obligation of informational media guaranties may be sold, in accordance with Treasury Department regulations, for dollars which shall be deposited in the special account and shall be available for payments under new guaranties. Such currencies shall be available, as may be provided for by the Congress in appropriation Acts, for use for educational, scientific, and cultural purposes which are in the national interest of the United States, and for such other purposes of mutual interest as may be agreed to by the governments of the United States and the country from which the currencies derive.

(e) Deposit of fees; availability

Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1933(b)(4)(E) 1 of this title, (1) fees collected for the issuance of informational media guaranties shall be deposited in the special account and shall be available for payments under informational media guaranties; and (2) the Director may require the payment of a minimum charge of up to fifty dollars for issuance of guaranty contracts, or amendments thereto.

(f) Advance payments

The Director is further authorized, under such terms as he may prescribe, to make advance payments under informational media guaranties: Provided, That currencies receivable from holders of such guaranties on account of such advance payments shall be paid to the United States within nine months from the date of the advance payment and that appropriate security to assure such payments is required before any advance payment is made.

(g) Separate accounts; transfers

As soon as feasible after July 18, 1956, all assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and charges of whatever kind pertaining to informational media guaranties, including any charges against the authority to issue notes provided in section 1509(c)(2) 1 of this title, cumulative from April 3, 1948, shall be accounted for separately from other guaranties issued pursuant to section 1933(b) 1 of this title: Provided, That there shall be transferred from the special account established pursuant to subsection (b), into the account available for payments under guaranties other than the informational media guaranties, an amount equal to the total of the fees received for the issuance of guaranties other than informational media guaranties, and used to make payments under informational media guaranties.

(h) Appropriations for restoration of realized impairment to capital; liquidation of notes

(1) There is authorized to be appropriated annually an amount to restore in whole or in part any realized impairment to the capital used in carrying on the authority to make informational media guaranties, as provided in subsection (c), through the end of the last completed fiscal year.

(2) Such impairment shall consist of the amount by which the losses incurred and interest accrued on notes exceed the revenue earned and any previous appropriations made for the restoration of impairment. Losses shall include the dollar losses on foreign currencies sold, and the dollar cost of foreign currencies which (a) the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Director, has determined to be unavailable for, or in excess of, requirements of the United States, or (b) have been transferred to other accounts without reimbursement to the special account.

(3) Dollars appropriated pursuant to this section shall be applied to the payment of interest and in satisfaction of notes issued or assumed hereunder, and to the extent of such application to the principal of the notes, the Director is authorized to issue notes to the Secretary of the Treasury which will bear interest at a rate to be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yields of outstanding marketable obligations of the United States having maturities comparable to the guaranties. The currencies determined to be unavailable for, or in excess of, requirements of the United States as provided above shall be transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be held until disposed of, and any dollar proceeds realized from such disposition shall be deposited in miscellaneous receipts.

(4) Section 1476(a) of this title 1 shall not apply with respect to any amounts appropriated under this section for the purpose of liquidating the notes (and any accrued interest thereon) which were assumed in the operation of the informational media guaranty program under this section and which were outstanding on August 24, 1982.

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, §1011, as added Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §544(a), 68 Stat. 862; amended Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §544(g), as added July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §11(a), 70 Stat. 563, and amended Pub. L. 85–141, §11(b)(1), Aug. 14, 1957, 71 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 85–477, ch. V, §502(i), June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 86–108, ch. VII, §701(c), July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §304(f), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 293.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1933 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c), (e), and (g), was repealed by Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460. See section 2351 of this title.

Section 1509 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (g), was repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §542(a)(4), (6), (9), (10), (11), 68 Stat. 861. See section 1754 et seq. of this title.

Section 1476(a) of this title, referred to in subsec. (h)(4), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–790.

Amendments

1982—Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 97–241, §304(f), added par. (4).

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–108 provided that the purpose of making informational media guaranties shall be the achievement of the foreign policy objectives of the United States, including the objective mentioned in former sections 1933(b)(4)(A) and 1933(b)(4)(G) of this title, now covered by section 2351 of this title.

1958—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 85–477 added subsec. (h).

1956—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 26, 1954, §544(g), as added by act July 18, 1956, designated as subsec. (a) the entire former section and amended it to eliminate provisions which permitted the Director to make guaranties against funds made available by notes issued pursuant to section 1509(c)(2) of this title and which limited the amount of such guaranties in any fiscal year to not more than $10,000,000. Such provisions were covered by subsecs. (b) to (g) of this section.

Subsecs. (b) to (g). Act Aug. 26, 1954, §544(g), as added by act July 18, 1956, added subsecs (b) to (g).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Repeals

Section 544(a), (g) of act Aug. 26, 1954, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by section 11(b)(1) of Pub. L. 85–141, except in so far as section 544(a), (g) affected this section.

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 4045 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4045: Contributions to Fund
Contributions to Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Rates and sources; deposits in Fund

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, 7.25 percent of the basic salary received by each participant shall be deducted from the salary and contributed to the Fund for the payment of annuities, cash benefits, refunds, and allowances. The contribution by the employing agency shall be a percentage of basic salary equal to the percentage in effect under section 7001(d)(1) of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105–33; 22 U.S.C. 4045 note), and section 505(h) of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 (as enacted by Public Law 106–346; 114 Stat. 1356A–54), plus .25 percent of basic salary, and shall be made from the appropriations or fund used for payment of the salary of the participant. The employing agency shall deposit in the Fund the amounts deducted and withheld from basic salary and the amounts contributed by the employing agency.

(2) Notwithstanding the percentage limitation contained in paragraph (1) of this subsection—

(A) the employing agency shall deduct and withhold from the basic pay of a Foreign Service criminal investigator/inspector of the Office of the Inspector General, Agency for International Development, who is qualified to have his annuity computed in the same manner as that of a law enforcement officer pursuant to section 8339(d) of title 5, an amount equal to that to be withheld from a law enforcement officer pursuant to section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, plus an amount equal to .25 percent of basic pay. The amounts so deducted shall be contributed to the Fund for the payment of annuities, cash benefits, refunds, and allowances. An equal amount shall be contributed by the employing agency from the appropriations or fund used for payment of the salary of the participant. The employing agency shall deposit in the Fund the amount deducted and withheld from basic salary and amounts contributed by the employing agency.

(B) The employing agency shall deduct and withhold from the basic pay of a Foreign Service criminal investigator/inspector of the Office of the Inspector General, Agency for International Development, who is qualified to have his annuity computed pursuant to section 8415(e) of title 5, an amount equal to that to be withheld from a law enforcement officer pursuant to section 8422(a)(2)(B) 1 of title 5, plus an amount equal to .25 percent of basic pay. The amounts so deducted shall be contributed to the Fund for the payment of annuities, cash benefits, refunds, and allowances. An equal amount shall be contributed by the employing agency from the appropriations or fund used for payment of the salary of the participant. The employing agency shall deposit in the Fund the amounts deducted and withheld from basic salary and amounts contributed by the employing agency.

(3) For service as a special agent, paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting for "7 percent" the percentage that applies to law enforcement officers under section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, plus .25 percent.

(b) Consent to deduction; discharge and acquittance of claims and demands

Each participant shall be deemed to consent and agree to such deductions from basic salary. Payment less such deductions shall be a full and complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands whatsoever for all regular services during the period covered by such payment, except the right to the benefits to which the participant shall be entitled under this chapter, notwithstanding any law, rule, or regulation affecting the salary of the individual.

(c) Transfer of contributions from other Government retirement fund

(1) If a member of the Service who is under another retirement system for Government employees becomes a participant in the System by direct transfer, the total contributions and deposits of that member that would otherwise be refundable on separation (except voluntary contributions), including interest thereon, shall be transferred to the Fund effective as of the date such member becomes a participant in the System. Each such member shall be deemed to consent to the transfer of such funds, and such transfer shall be a complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands against the other Government retirement fund on account of service rendered by such member prior to becoming a participant in the System.

(2) A member of the Service whose contributions are transferred to the Fund pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not be required to make additional contributions for periods of service for which required contributions were made to the other Government retirement fund; nor shall any refund be made to any such member on account of contributions made during any period to the other Government retirement fund at a higher rate than that fixed by subsection (d).

(d) Contribution for civilian service; creditability of interim service

(1) Any participant credited with civilian service after July 1, 1924—

(A) for which no retirement contributions, deductions, or deposits have been made, or

(B) for which a refund of such contributions, deductions, or deposits has been made which has not been redeposited,

may make a special contribution to the Fund. Special contributions for purposes of subparagraph (A) shall equal the following percentages of basic salary received for such service:

 

 Percent of basic salary

Time of service:

July 1, 1924, through October 15, 1960, inclusive 
5   

October 16, 1960, through December 31, 1969, inclusive 
6½ 

January 1, 1970, through December 31, 1998, inclusive 
7   

January 1, 1999, through December 31, 1999, inclusive 
7.25

January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2000, inclusive 
7.4 

After December 31, 2000 
7   

Special contributions for refunds under subparagraph (B) shall equal the amount of the refund received by the participant.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a special contribution for prior nondeposit service as a National Guard technician which would be creditable toward retirement under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, and for which a special contribution has not been made, shall be equal to the special contribution for such service computed in accordance with the schedule in paragraph (1) multiplied by the percentage of such service that is creditable under section 4056 of this title.

(3) Special contributions under this subsection shall include interest computed from the midpoint of each service period included in the computation, or from the date refund was paid, to the date of payment of the special contribution or commencing date of annuity, whichever is earlier. 2 Interest shall be compounded at the annual rate of 4 percent to December 31, 1976, and 3 percent thereafter. No interest shall be charged on special contributions for any period of separation from Government service which began before October 1, 1956. Special contributions may be paid in installments (including by allotment of pay) when authorized by the Secretary of State.

(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection and any provision of section 206(b)(3) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, the percentage of basic pay required under this subsection in the case of a participant described in section 4071b(c) of this title shall, with respect to any covered service (as defined by section 203(a)(3) of such Act) performed by such individual after December 31, 1983, and before January 1, 1987, be equal to 1.3 percent.

(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a special contribution for past service as a Foreign Service criminal investigator/inspector of the Office of the Inspector General, Agency for International Development which would have been creditable toward retirement under either section 8336(c) or 8412(d)(1) of title 5, and for which a special contribution has not been made shall be equal to the difference between the amount actually contributed pursuant to either this section or section 4071e of this title and the amount that should have been contributed pursuant to either section 8334 or 8422 of title 5.

(6) Subject to paragraph (4) and subsection (h), for purposes of applying this subsection with respect to prior service as a special agent, the percentages of basic pay set forth in section 8334(c) of title 5, with respect to a law enforcement officer, shall apply instead of the percentages set forth in paragraph (1).

(e) Contribution for military or naval service

(1) Subject to paragraph (5), each participant who has performed military or naval service before the date of separation on which the entitlement to any annuity under this part is based may pay to the Secretary a special contribution equal to 7 percent of the amount of the basic pay paid under section 204 of title 37, to the participant for each period of military or naval service after December 1956. The amount of such payments shall be based on such evidence of basic pay for military service as the participant may provide or if the Secretary determines sufficient evidence has not been so provided to adequately determine basic pay for military or naval service, such payment shall be based upon estimates of such basic pay provided to the Department under paragraph (4).

(2) Any deposit made under paragraph (1) of this subsection more than two years after the later of—

(A) October 17, 1983, or

(B) the date on which the participant making the deposit first became a participant in a Federal staff retirement system for civilian employees,—

shall include interest on such amount computed and compounded annually beginning on the date of the expiration of the two-year period. The interest rate that is applicable in computing interest in any year under this paragraph shall be equal to the interest rate that is applicable for such year under subsection (d) of this section.

(3) Any payment received by the Secretary under this section shall be remitted to the Fund.

(4) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as appropriate, shall furnish such information to the Secretary as the Secretary may determine to be necessary for the administration of this subsection.

(5) Effective with respect to any period of military or naval service after December 31, 1998, the percentage of basic pay under section 204 of title 37 payable under paragraph (1) shall be equal to the same percentage as would be applicable under section 8334(c) of title 5 for that same period for service as an employee.

(f) Exemption for certain military or naval service

Contributions shall only be required to obtain credit for periods of military or naval service to the extent provided under subsection (e) and section 4056(a) of this title, except that credit shall be allowed in the absence of contributions to individuals of Japanese ancestry under section 4056 of this title for periods of internment during World War II.

(g) Time of payment; offset against initial annuity accruals

A participant or survivor may make a special contribution at any time before receipt of annuity and may authorize payment by offset against initial annuity accruals.

(h) Computation of contributions for participants with certain creditable civilian service

Effective with respect to pay periods beginning after December 31, 1986, in administering this section with respect to a participant described in section 4071b(c) of this title whose service is employment for the purposes of title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and chapter 21 of title 26, contributions to the Fund and interest thereon shall be computed as if section 8334(k) of title 5 were applicable.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §805, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2104; Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §4(a), Oct. 17, 1983, 48 F.R. 48444; Pub. L. 99–335, title IV, §§402(a)(2), 405, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 609, 610; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100–238, title II, §212, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1773; Pub. L. 102–499, §4(a), (b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3265; Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(d)(2)(C), (D), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 660, 661; Pub. L. 105–382, §2(b), (c), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3407; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(d)(2)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–53; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §322(a)(2), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5001(c)(2)(D), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(B)(i), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2296.)

Amendment of Section

Section 1(a) and (c) of Ex. Ord. No. 12446, Oct. 17, 1983, 48 F.R. 48443, set out as a note under section 4067 of this title, provided that the second sentence of subsec. (d)(3) of this section, applicable (i) to contributions for civilian service performed on or after the first day of Nov. 1983, (ii) to contributions for prior refunds to participants for which application is received by the employing agency on and after such first day of Nov. 1983, and (iii) to excess contributions under section 4055(h) of this title and voluntary contributions under section 4065(a) of this title from the first day of Nov. 1983, is deemed to be amended to provide that interest shall be compounded at the annual rate of 3 percent per annum through December 31, 1984, and thereafter at a rate equal to the overall average yield to the Fund during the preceding fiscal year from all obligations purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury during such fiscal year under section 4059 of this title, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 505(h) of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is section 101(a) [title V, §505(h)] of Pub. L. 106–346, which is set out as a note below.

Section 8422(a)(2) of title 5, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), was amended by Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(b)(1)(A), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 657, by striking out par. (2) and adding a new par. (2). As so amended, section 8422(a)(2)(B) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, no longer specifies the amount to be withheld from the basic pay of a law enforcement officer. However, provisions relating to the amount to be withheld from the basic pay of a law enforcement officer are contained elsewhere in section 8422.

Sections 206(b)(3) and 203(a)(3) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, referred to in subsec. (d)(4), are set out as a note under section 8331 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (h), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 117–225, which directed amendment of title VIII of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 by inserting "(1)" after "or 8412(d)" in subsec. (d)(5) of this section, was executed as if the amendment had been directed to chapter 8 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2012—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 112–96 substituted "section 8415(e)" for "section 8415(d)".

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–228, §322(a)(2)(C), which directed amendment of par. (1) by substituting "employing agency" for "Department" wherever appearing, was executed by making the substitution in two places in the last sentence but not in the second sentence where "Department" appears before "of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 107–228, §322(a)(2)(A), substituted "7.25 percent" for "7 percent" and "The contribution by the employing agency shall be a percentage of basic salary equal to the percentage in effect under section 7001(d)(1) of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Public Law 105–33; 22 U.S.C. 4045 note), and section 505(h) of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2001 (as enacted by Public Law 106–346; 114 Stat. 1356A–54), plus .25 percent of basic salary, and shall be made" for "An equal amount shall be contributed by the Department".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 107–228, §322(a)(2)(C), substituted "employing agency" for "Department" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 107–228, §322(a)(2)(B), which directed amendment of subpars. (A) and (B) by inserting ", plus an amount equal to .25 percent of basic pay" at end of first sentence, was executed by making the insertion before the period at end of first sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–228, §322(a)(2)(D), which directed amendment of par. (3) by inserting ", plus .25 percent" at the end of the first sentence, was executed by making the insertion before the period at end of first sentence, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2000—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 106–346, in table in concluding provisions, substituted item relating to service period after December 31, 2000, for items relating to service periods January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2002; and after December 31, 2002.

1998—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–382, §2(b)(2), substituted "Except as otherwise provided in this section," for "Except as provided in subsection (h) of this section,".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–382, §2(b)(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 105–382, §2(c), added par. (6).

1997—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(d)(2)(C), in table in concluding provisions, inserted items relating to service periods January 1, 1970, through December 31, 1998; January 1, 1999, through December 31, 1999; January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2000; January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2002; and after December 31, 2002, and struck out former item relating to service period on and after January 1, 1970.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(d)(2)(D)(i), substituted "Subject to paragraph (5), each" for "Each".

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(d)(2)(D)(ii), added par. (5).

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–499, §4(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 102–499, §4(b), added par. (5).

1988—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100–238, in concluding provisions, substituted "Fund. Special contributions for purposes of subparagraph (A) shall equal" for "Fund equal to" and inserted "Special contributions for refunds under subparagraph (B) shall equal the amount of the refund received by the participant."

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–335, §405(a)(1), inserted "Except as provided in subsection (h) of this section," before "7 percent".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 99–335, §405(b), added par. (4).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 99–335, §402(a)(2), substituted "part" for "subchapter".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954", which for purposes of codification was translated as "title 26" thus requiring no change in text.

Pub. L. 99–335, §405(a)(2), added subsec. (h).

1983—Subsecs. (e) to (g). Ex. Ord. No. 12446 added subsecs. (e) and (f), struck out former subsec. (e), and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g). Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "Contributions shall not be required for any period of military and naval service or for any period for which credit is allowed to individuals of Japanese ancestry under section 4056 of this title for periods of internment during World War II."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §322(c)(2), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1385, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a)(2) [amending this section] and (b)(2) [amending section 4071e of this title] shall take effect with the first pay period beginning on or after the date that is 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2002]."

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–346 effective upon the close of calendar year 2000 and applicable thereafter, see section 101(a) [title V, §505(i)] of Pub. L. 106–346, set out as a note under section 8334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–382 effective Nov. 13, 1998, with provisions relating to applicability with respect to certain individuals, see section 4 of Pub. L. 105–382, as amended, set out as a note under section 4044 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–33 effective Oct. 1, 1997, see section 7001(f) of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a note under section 8334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–238 effective 90 days after Jan. 8, 1988, see section 261(a) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as a note under section 4054 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Ex. Ord. No. 12446 effective Oct. 17, 1983, see section 4(e) of Ex. Ord. No. 12446, set out under section 4067 of this title.

Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System Contributions, Deductions, and Withholdings

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(h)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–54, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of section 805(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045(a)), during the period beginning on October 1, 2002, through December 31, 2002, each agency employing a participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System shall contribute to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund—

"(1) 7.5 percent of the basic pay of each participant covered under section 805(a)(1) of such Act participating in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System; and

"(2) 8 percent of the basic pay of each participant covered under paragraph (2) or (3) of section 805(a) of such Act participating in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System,

in lieu of the agency contribution otherwise required under section 805(a) of such Act."

Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(d)(1)–(2)(B), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 659, 660, as amended by Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(d)(1)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–53, provided that:

"(1) Agency contributions.—Notwithstanding section 805(a)(1) and (2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045(a)(1) and (2)), during the period beginning on October 1, 1997, through September 30, 2002, each agency employing a participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System shall contribute to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund—

"(A) 8.51 percent of the basic pay of each participant covered under section 805(a)(1) of such Act participating in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System; and

"(B) 9.01 percent of the basic pay of each participant covered under section 805(a)(2) of such Act participating in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System;

in lieu of the agency contribution otherwise required under section 805(a)(1) and (2) of such Act.

"(2) Individual deductions, withholdings, and deposits.—

"(A) In general.—Notwithstanding section 805(a)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045(a)(1)), beginning on January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000, the amount withheld and deducted from the basic pay of a participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System shall be as follows:

 

   

 
"7.25 
January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999.

 
"7.4 
January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000.

"(B) Foreign service criminal investigators/inspectors of the office of the inspector general, agency for international development.—Notwithstanding section 805(a)(2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045(a)(2)), beginning on January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000, the amount withheld and deducted from the basic pay of an eligible Foreign Service criminal investigator/inspector of the Office of the Inspector General, Agency for International Development participating in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System shall be as follows:

 

   

 
"7.75 
January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999.

 
"7.9 
January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000."

1 See References in Text note below.

2 See Amendment of Section note below.
22 U.S.C. § 8563 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 92: COMPREHENSIVE IRAN SANCTIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND DIVESTMENT / Subchapter V: MASIH ALINEJAD HARASSMENT AND UNLAWFUL TARGETING / Section 8563: Report and imposition of sanctions with respect to persons who are responsible for or complicit in abuses toward dissidents on behalf of the Government of Iran
Report and imposition of sanctions with respect to persons who are responsible for or complicit in abuses toward dissidents on behalf of the Government of Iran
Status: in_force

(a) Report required

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after December 29, 2022, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Attorney General, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—

(A) includes a detailed description and assessment of—

(i) the state of human rights and the rule of law inside Iran, including the treatment of marginalized individuals and communities in Iran;

(ii) actions taken by the Government of Iran during the year preceding submission of the report to target and silence dissidents both inside and outside of Iran who advocate for human rights inside Iran;

(iii) the methods used by the Government of Iran to target and silence dissidents both inside and outside of Iran; and

(iv) the means through which the Government of Iran finances efforts to target and silence dissidents both inside and outside of Iran and the amount of that financing;

(B) identifies foreign persons working as part of the Government of Iran or acting on behalf of that Government or its proxies that are involved in harassment and surveillance and that the Secretary of State may also, as appropriate, determine, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, are knowingly responsible for, complicit in, or involved in ordering, conspiring, planning, or implementing the surveillance, harassment, kidnapping, illegal extradition, imprisonment, torture, killing, or assassination, on or after December 29, 2022, of citizens of Iran (including citizens of Iran of dual nationality) or citizens of the United States, inside or outside Iran, who seek—

(i) to expose illegal or corrupt activity carried out by officials of the Government of Iran; or

(ii) to obtain, exercise, defend, or promote the human rights of individuals, including members of marginalized communities, in Iran; and

(C) includes, for each foreign person identified under subparagraph (B), a clear explanation for why the foreign person was so identified.

(2) Updates of report

The report required by paragraph (1) shall be updated, and the updated version submitted to the appropriate congressional committees, during the 10-year period following December 29, 2022—

(A) not less frequently than annually; and

(B) with respect to matters relating to the identification of foreign persons under paragraph (1)(B), on an ongoing basis as appropriate.

(3) Form of report

(A) In general

Each report required by paragraph (1) and each update required by paragraph (2) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

(B) Public availability

The Secretary of State shall post the unclassified portion of each report required by paragraph (1) and each update required by paragraph (2) on a publicly available internet website of the Department of State.

(b) Imposition of sanctions

In the case of a foreign person identified under paragraph (1)(B) of subsection (a) in the most recent report or update submitted under that subsection, the President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c), pursuant to this section or an appropriate Executive authority.

(c) Sanctions described

The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:

(1) Blocking of property

The President shall exercise all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a)(1)(B) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

(2) Inadmissibility of certain individuals

(A) Ineligibility for visas and admission to the United States

In the case of a foreign person described in subsection (a)(1)(B) who is an individual, the individual is—

(i) inadmissible to the United States;

(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and

(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).

(B) Current visas revoked

(i) In general

The visa or other entry documentation of an individual described in subparagraph (A) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.

(ii) Immediate effect

A revocation under clause (i) shall—

(I) take effect immediately; and

(II) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the individual's possession.

(Pub. L. 117–328, div. AA, title II, §204, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5533.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(A)(iii), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Masih Alinejad Harassment and Unlawful Targeting Act of 2022, also known as the Masih Alinejad HUNT Act of 2022, and not as part of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 1079 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM / Section 1079: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(13), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(13), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
Status: repealed

Section 1079, act May 1, 1956, ch. 229, §1, 70 Stat. 125, related to increase of annuities of annuitants retired prior to July 1, 1949.

Section 1079a, act May 1, 1956, ch. 229, §2, 70 Stat. 125, related to availability of increases provided for by section 1079 of this title for officers retired before July 1, 1979, who exercised reduced annuity and restoration clause.

Section 1079b, act May 1, 1956, ch. 229, §3, 70 Stat. 125, related to increases for widowed annuitants.

Section 1079c, act May 1, 1956, ch. 229, §4, 70 Stat. 125, related to increases for officers' wives who become annuitants subsequent to the effective date of sections 1079 to 1079f of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2514 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2514: Use of funds
Use of funds
Status: in_force

(a) Administrative and other expenses

Funds made available for the purposes of this chapter may be used for compensation, allowances and travel of employees, including members of the Foreign Service whose services are utilized primarily for the purposes of this chapter, for printing and binding without regard to the provisions of any other law, and for expenditures outside the United States for the procurement of supplies and services and for other administrative and operating purposes (other than compensation of employees) without regard to such laws and regulations governing the obligation and expenditure of Government funds as may be necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Travel expenses abroad; transportation of personal effects, household goods and automobiles; storage

Funds made available for the purposes of this chapter may be used to pay expenses in connection with travel abroad of employees and, to the extent otherwise authorized by this chapter, of volunteers, including travel expenses of dependents (including expenses during necessary stopovers while engaged in such travel), and transportation of personal effects, household goods, and automobiles when any part of such travel or transportation begins in one fiscal year pursuant to travel orders issued in that fiscal year, notwithstanding the fact that such travel or transportation may not be completed during the same fiscal year, and cost of transporting to and from a place of storage, and the cost of storing automobiles of employees when it is in the public interest or more economical to authorize storage.

(c) Costs of training personnel employed or assigned overseas

Funds available under this chapter may be used to pay costs of training employees employed or assigned pursuant to section 2506(a)(2) of this title (through interchange or otherwise) at any State or local unit of government, public or private nonprofit institution, trade, labor, agricultural, or scientific association or organization, or commercial firm; and the provisions of subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5 may be used to carry out the foregoing authority notwithstanding that interchange of personnel may not be involved or that the training may not take place at the institutions specified in that Act.1 Any payments or contributions in connection therewith may, as deemed appropriate by the head of the agency of the United States Government authorizing such training, be made by private or public sources and be accepted by any trainee, or may be accepted by and credited to the current applicable appropriation of such agency: Provided, however, That any such payments to an employee in the nature of compensation shall be in lieu, or in reduction, of compensation received from the United States Government.

(d) Payment of expenses

Funds available for the purposes of this chapter shall be available for—

(1) rent of buildings and space in buildings in the United States, and for repair, alteration, and improvement of such leased properties;

(2) expenses of attendance at meetings concerned with the purposes of this chapter, including (notwithstanding the provisions of section 1346 of title 31) expenses in connection with meetings of persons whose employment is authorized by section 2512(a) of this title;

(3) rental and hire of aircraft;

(4) purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles: Provided, That, except as may otherwise be provided in an appropriation or other Act, passenger motor vehicles for administrative purposes abroad may be purchased for replacement only, and such vehicles may be exchanged or sold and replaced by an equal number of such vehicles, and the cost, including exchange allowance, of each such replacement shall not exceed the applicable cost limitation described in section 2396(a)(5) of this title in the case of an automobile for any Peace Corps country representative appointed under section 2506(c) of this title: Provided further, That the provisions of section 1343 of title 31 shall not apply to the purchase of vehicles for the transportation, maintenance, or direct support of volunteers overseas: Provided further, That passenger motor vehicles may be purchased for use in the United States only as may be specifically provided in an appropriation or other Act;

(5) entertainment (not to exceed $5,000 in any fiscal year except as may otherwise be provided in an appropriation or other Act);

(6) exchange of funds and loss by exchange;

(7) expenditures (not to exceed $20,000 in any fiscal year except as may be otherwise provided in an appropriation or other Act) not otherwise authorized by law to meet unforeseen emergencies or contingencies arising in the Peace Corps: Provided, That a certificate of the amount only of each such expenditure and that such expenditure was necessary to meet an unforeseen emergency or contingency, made by the Director of the Peace Corps or his designee, shall be deemed a sufficient voucher for the amount therein specified;

(8) insurance of official motor vehicles acquired for use abroad;

(9) rent or lease abroad for not to exceed five years of offices, health facilities, buildings, grounds, and living quarters, and payments therefor in advance; maintenance, furnishings, necessary repairs, improvements, and alterations to properties owned or rented by the United States Government or made available for its use abroad; and costs of fuel, water, and utilities for such properties;

(10) expenses of preparing and transporting to their former homes, or, with respect to foreign participants engaged in activities under this chapter, to their former homes or places of burial, and of care and disposition of, the remains of persons or members of the families of persons who may die while such persons are away from their homes participating in activities under this chapter;

(11) use in accordance with authorities of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.), not otherwise provided for;

(12) ice and drinking water for use abroad; and

(13) the transportation of Peace Corps employees, Peace Corps volunteers, dependents of such employees and volunteers, and accompanying baggage, by a foreign air carrier when the transportation is between two places outside the United States without regard to section 40118 of title 49.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §15, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 621; Pub. L. 89–134, §7, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 551; Pub. L. 89–572, §3, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2202(e), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2158; Pub. L. 96–533, title VI, §601(c), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3155; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title II, §201], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–145; Pub. L. 106–30, §2(a), (b)(5)–(8), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 55, 56.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (d)(11), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1999—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–30, §2(b)(5), substituted "subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5" for "sections 1881 to 1888 of title 7".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 106–30, §2(b)(6), substituted "section 1346 of title 31" for "section 9 of Public Law 60–328 (31 U.S.C. 673)".

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 106–30, §2(b)(7), struck out "without regard to section 3561 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 543)" after "exchange of funds".

Subsec. (d)(11). Pub. L. 106–30, §2(b)(8), substituted "Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.)" for "Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 801 et seq.)".

Subsec. (d)(13). Pub. L. 106–30, §2(a), added par. (13).

1987—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted "the applicable cost limitation described in section 2396(a)(5) of this title" for "$2,500" and inserted proviso that section 1343 of title 31 not apply to the purchase of vehicles for the transportation, maintenance, or direct support of volunteers overseas.

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "members of the Foreign Service" for "Foreign Service personnel".

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 96–533 increased to $20,000 from $5,000 fiscal year expenditures limitation.

1966—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–572, §3(a), substituted "2506(a)(2)" for "2506(c)(2)".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 89–572, §3(b), substituted "2506(c)" for "2506(e)".

1965—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–134 struck out provision that training not be considered employment or holding of office under section 2 of the Act of July 31, 1894, as amended (5 U.S.C. 62).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "that subchapter."
22 U.S.C. § 286vv (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XV: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 286vv: Capital stock increases
Capital stock increases
Status: in_force

(a) Increases authorized

The United States Governor of the Bank is authorized—

(1)(A) to vote in favor of a resolution to increase the capital stock of the Bank on a selective basis by 230,374 shares; and

(B) to subscribe on behalf of the United States to 38,459 additional shares of the capital stock of the Bank, as part of the selective increase in the capital stock of the Bank, except that any subscription to such additional shares shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts;

(2)(A) to vote in favor of a resolution to increase the capital stock of the Bank on a general basis by 484,102 shares; and

(B) to subscribe on behalf of the United States to 81,074 additional shares of the capital stock of the Bank, as part of the general increase in the capital stock of the Bank, except that any subscription to such additional shares shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts.

(b) Limitations on authorization of appropriations

(1) In order to pay for the increase in the United States subscription to the Bank under subsection (a)(2)(B), there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $9,780,361,991 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(2) Of the amount authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (2)(A)— 1

(A) $586,821,720 shall be for paid in shares of the Bank; and

(B) $9,193,540,271 shall be for callable shares of the Bank.

(3) In order to pay for the increase in the United States subscription to the Bank under subsection (a)(1)(B), there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $4,639,501,466 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(4) Of the amount authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (3), $278,370,088 shall be for paid in shares of the Bank, and $4,361,131,378 shall be for callable shares of the Bank.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 339, §70, as added Pub. L. 112–74, div. I, title VII, §7081(a), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1259; amended Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title VII, §1704(d), Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 429.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2013—Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 113–6 added pars. (3) and (4).

1 So in original. Probably should be "paragraph (1)—".
22 U.S.C. § 3406 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 49: SUPPORT OF PEACE TREATY BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL / Subchapter I: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT / Section 3406: Trilateral scientific and technological cooperation by Egypt, Israel, and United States
Trilateral scientific and technological cooperation by Egypt, Israel, and United States
Status: in_force

(a) Preparation for United States participation

It is the sense of the Congress that, in order to continue to build the structure of peace in the Middle East, the United States should be prepared to participate, at an appropriate time, in trilateral cooperative projects of a scientific and technological nature involving Egypt, Israel, and the United States.

(b) Plan development

Therefore, the President shall develop a plan to guide the participation of both United States Government agencies and private institutions in such projects. This plan shall identify—

(1) potential projects in a variety of areas appropriate for scientific and technological cooperation by the three countries, including agriculture, health, energy, the environment, education, and water resources;

(2) the resources which are available or which would be needed to implement such projects; and

(3) the means by which such projects would be implemented.

(Pub. L. 96–35, §8, July 20, 1979, 93 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §734(a)(4), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–113 struck out subsec. (c) which required Presidential report to Congress no later than twelve months after July 20, 1979, respecting trilateral cooperative projects between Egypt, Israel, and the United States.
22 U.S.C. § 8909 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 96: SOVEREIGNTY, INTEGRITY, DEMOCRACY, AND ECONOMIC STABILITY OF UKRAINE / Section 8909: Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to certain transactions with persons that evade sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation
Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to certain transactions with persons that evade sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017—

(1) materially violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order, this chapter, or the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); or

(2) facilitates a significant transaction or transactions, including deceptive or structured transactions, for or on behalf of—

(A) any person subject to sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to the Russian Federation; or

(B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of an individual described in subparagraph (A).

(b) Sanctions described

The sanctions described in this subsection are the exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

(c) Implementation; penalties

(1) Implementation

The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out subsection (b).

(2) Penalties

A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (b) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out subsection (b) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.

(d) Application of new sanctions

The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—

(1) a written determination that the waiver—

(A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or

(B) will further the enforcement of this chapter;

(2) in the case of sanctions imposed under this section in connection with a covered Executive order described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (f)(1), a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation is taking steps to implement the Minsk Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany, the Minsk Protocol, which was agreed to on September 5, 2014, and any successor agreements that are agreed to by the Government of Ukraine; and

(3) in the case of sanctions imposed under this section in connection with a covered Executive order described in subparagraphs (E) or (F) of subsection (f)(1), a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has made significant efforts to reduce the number and intensity of cyber intrusions conducted by that Government.

(e) Termination

Subject to section 9511 of this title, the President may terminate the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—

(1) a notice of and justification for the termination; and

(2) a notice that—

(A) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and

(B) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future.

(f) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Covered executive order

The term "covered Executive order" means any of the following:

(A) Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).

(B) Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).

(C) Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).

(D) Executive Order No. 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine).

(E) Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), relating to the Russian Federation.

(F) Executive Order No. 13757 (82 Fed. Reg. 1; relating to taking additional steps to address the national emergency with respect to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), relating to the Russian Federation.

(2) Foreign person

The term "foreign person" has the meaning given such term in section 595.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on August 2, 2017).

(3) Structured

The term "structured", with respect to a transaction, has the meaning given the term "structure" in paragraph (xx) of section 1010.100 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

(Pub. L. 113–95, §10, as added Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §228(a), Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 911.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 113–272, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2952, which is classified generally to chapter 96A (§8921 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8921 of this title and Tables.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

Executive Order No. 13660, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(A), is Ex. Ord. No. 13660, Mar. 6, 2014, 79 F.R. 13493, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13661, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(B), is Ex. Ord. No. 13661, Mar. 16, 2014, 79 F.R. 15535, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13662, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(C), is Ex. Ord. No. 13662, Mar. 20, 2014, 79 F.R. 16169, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13685, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(D), is Ex. Ord. No. 13685, Dec. 19, 2014, 79 F.R. 77357, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13694, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(E), is Ex. Ord. No. 13694, Apr. 1, 2015, 80 F.R. 18077, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13757, referred to in subsec. (f)(1)(F), is Ex. Ord. No. 13757, Dec. 28, 2016, 82 F.R. 1, sections 1 to 3 of which amended Ex. Ord. No. 13694, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 8909, Pub. L. 113–95, §10, Apr. 3, 2014, 128 Stat. 1096, which related to annual report on military and security developments involving the Russian Federation, and was superseded by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XII, §1245, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3566, which is not classified to the Code, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XII, §1245(f), formerly §1245(e), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3568, renumbered §1245(f), Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1235(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2491.
22 U.S.C. § 8721 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 94: IRAN THREAT REDUCTION AND SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS / Subchapter II: ADDITIONAL MEASURES RELATING TO SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN / Section 8721: Imposition of sanctions with respect to the provision of vessels or shipping services to transport certain goods related to proliferation or terrorism activities to Iran
Imposition of sanctions with respect to the provision of vessels or shipping services to transport certain goods related to proliferation or terrorism activities to Iran
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Except as provided in subsection (c), if the President determines that a person, on or after August 10, 2012, knowingly sells, leases, or provides a vessel or provides insurance or reinsurance or any other shipping service for the transportation to or from Iran of goods that could materially contribute to the activities of the Government of Iran with respect to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or support for acts of international terrorism, the President shall, pursuant to Executive Order No. 13382 (70 Fed. Reg. 38567; relating to blocking of property of weapons of mass destruction proliferators and their supporters) or Executive Order No. 13224 (66 Fed. Reg. 49079; relating to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism), or otherwise pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of the persons specified in subsection (b) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

(b) Persons specified

The persons specified in this subsection are—

(1) the person that sold, leased, or provided a vessel or provided insurance or reinsurance or another shipping service described in subsection (a); and

(2) any person that—

(A) is a successor entity to the person referred to in paragraph (1);

(B) owns or controls the person referred to in paragraph (1), if the person that owns or controls the person referred to in paragraph (1) had actual knowledge or should have known that the person referred to in paragraph (1) sold, leased, or provided the vessel or provided the insurance or reinsurance or other shipping service; or

(C) is owned or controlled by, or under common ownership or control with, the person referred to in paragraph (1), if the person owned or controlled by, or under common ownership or control with (as the case may be), the person referred to in paragraph (1) knowingly engaged in the sale, lease, or provision of the vessel or the provision of the insurance or reinsurance or other shipping service.

(c) Waiver

The President may waive the requirement to impose sanctions with respect to a person under subsection (a) on or after the date that is 30 days after the President—

(1) determines that such a waiver is vital to the national security interests of the United States; and

(2) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report that contains the reasons for that determination.

(d) Report required

(1) In general

Not later than 90 days after August 10, 2012, and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report identifying operators of vessels and other persons that conduct or facilitate significant financial transactions with persons that manage ports in Iran that have been designated for the imposition of sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

(2) Form of report

A report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.

(e) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the President to designate persons for the imposition of sanctions pursuant to Executive Order No. 13382 (70 Fed. Reg. 38567; relating to the blocking of property of weapons of mass destruction proliferators and their supporters) or Executive Order No. 13224 (66 Fed. Reg. 49079; relating to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism), or otherwise pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 112–158, title II, §211, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1228.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order No. 13382, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (e), is Ex. Ord. No. 13382, June 28, 2005, 70 F.R. 38567, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13224, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (e), is Ex. Ord. No. 13224, Sept. 23, 2001, 66 F.R. 49079, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsecs. (a), (d)(1), and (e), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 145 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 2: CONSULAR COURTS / Section 145: Repealed. Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 807, 70 Stat. 774
Repealed. Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 807, 70 Stat. 774
Status: repealed

Act Aug. 1, 1956, repealed sections 145 to 174 effective upon the date which the President determined to be appropriate for the relinquishment of jurisdiction of the United States in Morocco. Jurisdiction of the United States in Morocco was relinquished by memorandum of President Eisenhower dated Sept. 15, 1956. Notice was given to Morocco on Oct. 6, 1956, and all pending cases were disposed of by 1960. See Bulletin of the State Department Vol. 35:909, page 844.

Section 145, R.S. §4086, related to system of laws to be applied.

Section 146, R.S. §4117, related to rules and regulations for consular courts generally.

Section 147, R.S. §4118, related to assent or dissent of consuls to, and publication of, rules, regulations, decrees, and orders.

Section 148, R.S. §4119, related to transmission of rules, regulations, orders and decrees to Secretary of State.

Section 149, R.S. §4087, related to warrant, arrest, trial, and sentence by consul.

Section 150, R.S. §4105, related to jurisdiction of consul sitting alone in criminal cases and finality of decision.

Section 151, R.S. §4089, related to jurisdiction of the consul sitting alone in criminal cases and appeal to minister.

Section 152, R.S. §4106, related to calling in by consul of associates in criminal cases and reference to minister upon disagreement.

Section 153, R.S. §4107, related to jurisdiction of consuls in civil cases, finality of decision, calling in of associates, and reference to minister upon disagreement.

Section 154, R.S. §4097, related to evidence and how it was to be taken.

Section 155, R.S. §4101, related to punishment generally and contempt.

Section 156, R.S. §4102, related to capital offenses, requisites for conviction, and conviction of lesser offenses.

Section 157, R.S. §4104, related to punishment for contempt of court.

Section 158, R.S. §4103, related to execution of criminals and pardons.

Section 159, R.S. §4120, related to fees for judicial services, application of moneys and rendition of accounts.

Section 160, R.S. §4099, related to settlement of criminal cases.

Section 161, R.S. §4098, related to arbitration, reference, and compromise of civil cases.

Section 162, R.S. §4100, related to invoking the aid of local authorities.

Section 163, R.S. §4108, related to jurisdiction of minister.

Section 164, R.S. §4109, related to appellate and original jurisdiction of minister.

Section 165, R.S. §4091, related to appellate jurisdiction of minister and new trials.

Section 166, R.S. §4090, related to jurisdiction of minister to try capital and felony cases.

Section 167, R.S. §4090, related to prevention of American citizens from enlisting with foreign countries.

Section 168, R.S. §§1693, 4111; act June 30, 1906, ch. 3934, §8, 34 Stat. 816, related to marshals of consular courts and their appointment and salary.

Section 169, R.S. §4112, related to execution and return of process by a marshal.

Section 170, R.S. §4113, related to bond of a marshal.

Section 171, R.S. §4114, related to suit on bond of marshal.

Section 172, R.S. §4115, related to necessity for production of original bond.

Section 173, R.S. §4116, related to service of rules, orders, writs, and processes of every kind in suit on bond of marshal.

Section 174, R.S. §§4121, 4122; act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §39, 62 Stat. 992, related to expenses of prisons in foreign countries.
22 U.S.C. § 2373 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2373: Eastern Mediterranean policy requirements
Eastern Mediterranean policy requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Congressional declaration and statement of findings

The Congress declares that the achievement of a just and lasting Cyprus settlement is and will remain a central objective of United States foreign policy. The Congress further declares that any action of the United States with respect to section 2370(x) 1 of this title shall not signify a lessening of the United States commitment to a just solution to the conflict on Cyprus but is authorized in the expectation that this action will be conducive to achievement of a Cyprus solution and a general improvement in relations among Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus and between those countries and the United States. The Congress finds that—

(1) a just settlement on Cyprus must involve the establishment of a free and independent government on Cyprus and must guarantee that the human rights of all of the people of Cyprus are fully protected;

(2) a just settlement on Cyprus must include the withdrawal of Turkish military forces from Cyprus;

(3) the guidelines for inter-communal talks agreed to in Nicosia in February 1977 and the United Nations resolutions regarding Cyprus provide a sound basis for negotiation of a just settlement on Cyprus;

(4) serious negotiations, under United Nations auspices, will be necessary to achieve agreement on, and implementation of, constitutional and territorial terms within such guidelines; and

(5) the recent proposals by both Cypriot communities regarding the return of the refugees to the city of New Famagusta (Varosha) constitute a positive step and the United States should actively support the efforts of the Secretary General of the United Nations with respect to this issue.

(b) Governing principles

United States policy regarding Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey shall be directed toward the restoration of a stable and peaceful atmosphere in the Eastern Mediterranean region and shall therefore be governed by the following principles:

(1) The United States shall actively support the resolution of differences through negotiations and internationally established peaceful procedures, shall encourage all parties to avoid provocative actions, and shall strongly oppose any attempt to resolve disputes through force or threat of force.

(2) The United States will accord full support and high priority to efforts, particularly those of the United Nations, to bring about a prompt, peaceful settlement on Cyprus.

(3) All defense articles furnished by the United States to countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region will be used only in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], and the agreements under which those defense articles were furnished.

(4) The United States will furnish security assistance for Greece and Turkey only when furnishing that assistance is intended solely for defensive purposes, including when necessary to enable the recipient country to fulfill its responsibilities as a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and shall be designed to ensure that the present balance of military strength among countries of the region, including between Greece and Turkey, is preserved. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit the transfer of defense articles to Greece or Turkey for legitimate self defense or to enable Greece or Turkey to fulfill their North Atlantic Treaty Organization obligations.

(5) The United States shall use its influence to ensure the continuation of the ceasefire on Cyprus until an equitable negotiated settlement is reached.

(6) The United States shall use its influence to achieve the withdrawal of Turkish military forces from Cyprus in the context of a solution to the Cyprus problem.

(c) Review of policy; report to Congress

Because progress toward a Cyprus settlement is a high priority of United States policy in the Eastern Mediterranean, the President and the Congress shall continually review that progress and shall determine United States policy in the region accordingly. To facilitate such a review the President shall, within 60 days after the date of enactment of this section and at the end of each succeeding 60-day period, transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on progress made toward the conclusion of a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem. Such transmissions shall include any relevant reports prepared by the Secretary General of the United Nations for the Security Council.

(d) Certification by President to Congress of assistance to Greece and Turkey

In order to ensure that United States assistance is furnished consistent with the policies established in this section, the President shall, whenever requesting any funds for security assistance under this chapter or the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] for Greece and Turkey, transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate his certification, with a full explanation thereof, that the furnishing of such assistance will be consistent with the principles set forth in subsection (b). The President shall also submit such a certification with any notification to the Congress, pursuant to section 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2776(b)], of a proposed sale of defense articles or services to Greece or Turkey.

(e) Arms sales agreements to prohibit transfer to Cyprus

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), any agreement for the sale or provision of any article on the United States Munitions List (established pursuant to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2778]) entered into by the United States after December 22, 1987, shall expressly state that the article is being provided by the United States only with the understanding that it will not be transferred to Cyprus or otherwise used to further the severance or division of Cyprus.

(2) The President shall report to Congress any substantial evidence that equipment provided under any such agreement has been used in a manner inconsistent with the purposes of this subsection.

(3) The requirement under paragraph (1) shall not apply to any sale or other provision of any defense article or defense service to Cyprus if the end-user of such defense article or defense service is the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §620C, as added Pub. L. 95–384, §13(b), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 737; amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §562], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–171; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XII, §1250A(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1665; Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title II, §205(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3052.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2370(x) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was omitted. See Codification note set out under section 2370 of this title.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3) and (d), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3) and (d), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in subsec. (e) of this section were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–391, title V, §557, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1676.

Pub. L. 101–513, title V, §560, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2026.

Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §570, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1245.

Pub. L. 100–461, title V, §579, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268–48.

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 116–92, §1250A(b)(1), and Pub. L. 116–94, §205(b)(1), made identical amendments, substituting "Except as provided in paragraph (3), any agreement" for "Any agreement".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 116–92, §1250A(b)(2), and Pub. L. 116–94, §205(b)(2), made identical amendments, adding par. (3).

1987—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–202 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XIII, §1312, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2000, provided that:

"(a) In General.—To the maximum extent feasible, amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the European Recapitalization Incentive Program should be considered for Greece as appropriate to assist the country in meeting its defense needs and transitioning away from Russian-produced military equipment.

"(b) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that provides a full accounting of all funds distributed under the European Recapitalization Incentive Program, including—

"(1) identification of each recipient country;

"(2) a description of how the funds were used; and

"(3) an accounting of remaining equipment in recipient countries that was provided by the then-Soviet Union or Russian Federation."

[For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as used in section 1312 of Pub. L. 117–81, set out above, see section 1317 of Pub. L. 117–81, set out below.]

Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title II, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3048, provided that:

"SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

"This title may be cited as the 'Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019'.

"SEC. 202. FINDINGS.

"Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) The security of partners and allies in the Eastern Mediterranean region is critical to the security of the United States and Europe.

"(2) Greece is a valuable member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and a key pillar of stability in the Eastern Mediterranean.

"(3) Israel is a steadfast ally of the United States and has been designated a 'major non-NATO ally' and 'major strategic partner'.

"(4) Cyprus is a key strategic partner and signed a Statement of Intent with the United States on November 6, 2018, to enhance bilateral security cooperation.

"(5) The countries of Greece, Cyprus, and Israel have participated in critical trilateral summits to improve cooperation on energy and security issues.

"(6) Secretary of State Mike Pompeo participated in the trilateral summit among Israel, Greece, and Cyprus on March 20, 2019.

"(7) The United States, Israel, Greece, and Cyprus oppose any action in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea that could challenge stability, violate international law, or undermine good neighborly relations, and in a joint declaration on March 21, 2019, agreed to 'defend against external malign influences in the Eastern Mediterranean and the broader Middle East'.

"(8) The recent discovery of what may be the region's largest natural gas field off the Egyptian coast and the newest discoveries of natural gas off the coast of Cyprus could represent a significant and positive development for the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, enhancing the region's strategic energy significance.

"(9) It is in the national security interest of the United States to promote, achieve, and maintain energy security among, and through cooperation with, allies.

"(10) Natural gas developments in the Eastern Mediterranean have the potential to provide economic gains and contribute to energy security in the region and Europe, as well as support European efforts to diversify away from natural gas supplied by the Russian Federation.

"(11) The soon to be completed Trans Adriatic Pipeline is a critical component of the Southern Gas Corridor and the European Union's efforts to diversify energy resources.

"(12) The proposed Eastern Mediterranean pipeline, if commercially viable, would provide for energy diversification in accordance with the European Union's third energy package of reforms.

"(13) The United States acknowledges the achievements and importance of the Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation (BIRD) and the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) and supports continued multiyear funding to ensure the continuity of the programs of the Foundations.

"(14) The United States has welcomed Greece's allocation of 2 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) to defense in accordance with commitments made at the 2014 NATO Summit in Wales.

"(15) Energy exploration in the Eastern Mediterranean region must be safeguarded against threats posed by terrorist and extremist groups, including Hezbollah and any other actor in the region.

"(16) The energy exploration in the Republic of Cyprus's Exclusive Economic Zone and territorial waters—

"(A) furthers United States interests by providing a potential alternative to Russian gas for United States allies and partners; and

"(B) should not be impeded by other sovereign states.

"(17) The United States Government cooperates closely with Cyprus, Greece, and Israel through information sharing agreements.

"(18) United States officials have assisted the Government of the Republic of Cyprus with crafting that nation's national security strategy.

"(19) The United States Government provides training to Cypriot officials in areas such as cybersecurity, counterterrorism, and explosive ordnance disposal and stockpile management.

"(20) Israel, Greece, and Cyprus are valued members of the Proliferation Security Initiative to combat the trafficking of weapons of mass destruction.

"(21) The Republic of Cyprus continues to work closely with the United Nations and regional partners in Europe to combat terrorism and violent extremism.

"(22) Despite robust economic and security relations with the United States, the Republic of Cyprus has been subject to a United States prohibition on the export of defense articles and services since 1987.

"(23) The 1987 arms prohibition was designed to restrict United States arms sales and transfers to the Republic of Cyprus and the occupied part of Cyprus to avoid hindering reunification efforts.

"(24) At least 40,000 Turkish troops are stationed in the occupied part of Cyprus with some weapons procured from the United States through mainland Turkey.

"(25) While the United States has, as a matter of policy, avoided the provision of defense articles and services to the Republic of Cyprus, the Government of Cyprus has, in the past, sought to obtain defense articles from other countries, including countries, such as Russia, that pose challenges to United States interests around the world.

"SEC. 203. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

"It is the policy of the United States—

"(1) to continue to actively participate in the trilateral dialogue on energy, maritime security, cybersecurity and protection of critical infrastructure conducted among Israel, Greece, and Cyprus;

"(2) to support diplomatic efforts with partners and allies to deepen energy security cooperation among Greece, Cyprus, and Israel and to encourage the private sector to make investments in energy infrastructure in the Eastern Mediterranean region;

"(3) to strongly support the completion of the Trans Adriatic and Eastern Mediterranean Pipelines and the establishment of liquified natural gas (LNG) terminals across the Eastern Mediterranean as a means of diversifying regional energy needs away from the Russian Federation;

"(4) to maintain a robust United States naval presence and investments in the naval facility at Souda Bay, Greece and develop deeper security cooperation with Greece to include the recent MQ–9 deployments to the Larissa Air Force Base and United States Army helicopter training in central Greece;

"(5) to welcome Greece's commitment to move forward with the Interconnector Greece-Bulgaria (IGB pipeline) and additional LNG terminals that will help facilitate delivery of non-Russian gas to the Balkans and central Europe;

"(6) to support deepened security cooperation with the Republic of Cyprus through the removal of the arms embargo on the country;

"(7) to support robust International Military Education and Training (IMET) programming with Greece and the Republic of Cyprus;

"(8) to leverage relationships within the European Union to encourage investments in Cypriot border and maritime security;

"(9) to support efforts to counter Russian Federation interference and influence in the Eastern Mediterranean through increased security cooperation with Greece, Cyprus, and Israel, to include intelligence sharing, cyber, and maritime domain awareness;

"(10) to support the Republic of Cyprus' efforts to regulate its banking industry to ensure that it is not used as a source of international money laundering and encourage additional measures toward that end;

"(11) to strongly oppose any actions that would trigger mandatory sanctions pursuant to section 231 of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) (Public Law 115–44) [22 U.S.C. 9525], to include the purchase of military equipment from the Russian Federation;

"(12) to continue robust official strategic engagement with Israel, Greece, and Cyprus;

"(13) to urge countries in the region to deny port services to Russian Federation vessels deployed to support the government of Bashar Al-Assad in Syria;

"(14) to support joint military exercises among Israel, Greece, and Cyprus;

"(15) to fully implement relevant CAATSA provisions to prevent interference by the Russian Federation in the region;

"(16) to support efforts by countries in the region to demobilize military equipment supplied by the Russian Federation in favor of equipment provided by NATO and NATO-allied member countries; and

"(17) to strongly support the active and robust participation of Israel, Cyprus, and Greece in the Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program.

"SEC. 204. UNITED STATES-EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ENERGY COOPERATION.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, may enter into cooperative agreements supporting and enhancing dialogue and planning involving international partnerships between the United States and Israel, Greece, and the Republic of Cyprus.

"(b) Annual Reports.—If the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy, enters into agreements authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit an annual report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes—

"(1) actions taken to implement such agreements; and

"(2) any projects undertaken pursuant to such agreements.

"(c) United States-Eastern Mediterranean Energy Center.—The Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Secretary of State, may establish a joint United States-Eastern Mediterranean Energy Center in the United States leveraging the experience, knowledge, and expertise of institutions of higher education and entities in the private sector, among others, in offshore energy development to further dialogue and collaboration to develop more robust academic cooperation in energy innovation technology and engineering, water science, technology transfer, and analysis of emerging geopolitical implications, which include opportunities as well as crises and threats from foreign natural resource and energy acquisitions.

"SEC. 205. REPEAL OF PROHIBITION ON TRANSFER OF ARTICLES ON THE UNITED STATES MUNITIONS LIST TO THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS.

"(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) allowing for the export, re-export or transfer of arms subject to the United States Munitions List (part 121 of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations) to the Republic of Cyprus would advance United States security interests in Europe by helping to reduce the dependence of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus on other countries, including countries that pose challenges to United States interests around the world, for defense-related materiel; and

"(2) it is in the interest of the United States to continue to support United Nations-facilitated efforts toward a comprehensive solution to the division of Cyprus.

"(b) Modification of Prohibition.—[Amended this section.]

"(c) Exclusion of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus From Certain Related Regulations.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to subsection (d) and except as provided in paragraph (2), beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State shall not apply a policy of denial for exports, re-exports, or transfers of defense articles and defense services destined for or originating in the Republic of Cyprus if—

"(A) the request is made by or on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus; and

"(B) the end-user of such defense articles or defense services is the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

"(2) Exception.—This exclusion shall not apply to any denial based upon credible human rights concerns.

"(d) Limitations on the Transfer of Articles on the United States Munitions List to the Republic of Cyprus.—

"(1) In general.—The policy of denial for exports, re-exports, or transfers of defense articles on the United States Munitions List to the Republic of Cyprus shall remain in place unless the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees not less than annually that—

"(A) the Government of the Republic of Cyprus is continuing to cooperate with the United States Government in efforts to implement reforms on anti-money laundering regulations and financial regulatory oversight; and

"(B) the Government of the Republic of Cyprus has made and is continuing to take the steps necessary to deny Russian military vessels access to ports for refueling and servicing.

"(2) Waiver.—The President may waive the limitations contained in this subsection for one fiscal year if the President determines that it is essential to the national security interests of the United States to do so.

"(3) Appropriate congressional committees defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

"SEC. 206. IMET COOPERATION WITH GREECE AND THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS.

"There is authorized to be appropriated $1,300,000 for fiscal year 2020, $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2021, and $1,800,000 for fiscal year 2022 for International Military Education and Training (IMET) assistance for Greece and $200,000 for fiscal year 2020, $500,000 for fiscal year 2021, and $750,000 for fiscal year 2022 for such assistance for the Republic of Cyprus. The assistance shall be made available for the following purposes:

"(1) Training of future leaders.

"(2) Fostering a better understanding of the United States.

"(3) Establishing a rapport between the United States military and the country's military to build alliances for the future.

"(4) Enhancement of interoperability and capabilities for joint operations.

"(5) Focusing on professional military education.

"(6) Enabling countries to use their national funds to receive a reduced cost for other Department of Defense education and training.

"SEC. 207. FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING.

"(a) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 up to $3,000,000 for Foreign Military Financing (FMF) assistance for Greece to assist the country in meeting its commitment as a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to dedicate 20 percent of its defense budget to enhance research and development.

"(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that Greece should receive robust support under the European Recapitalization Incentive Program implemented by the Department of Defense.

"SEC. 208. STRATEGY ON UNITED STATES SECURITY AND ENERGY COOPERATION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy on enhanced security and energy cooperation with countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region, including Israel, the Republic of Cyprus, and Greece.

"(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

"(1) A description of United States participation in and support for the Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Forum.

"(2) An evaluation of all possible delivery mechanisms into Europe for natural gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

"(3) An evaluation of efforts to protect energy exploration infrastructure in the region, including infrastructure owned or operated by United States companies.

"(4) An assessment of the capacity of the Republic of Cyprus to host an Energy Crisis Center in the region which could provide basing facilities in support of search and rescue efforts in the event of an accident.

"(5) An assessment of the timing of potential natural gas delivery in the region as well as an assessment of the ultimate destination countries for the natural gas delivery from the region.

"(6) A plan to work with United States businesses seeking to invest in Eastern Mediterranean energy exploration, development, and cooperation.

"(c) Form.—The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.

"SEC. 209. REPORT ON RUSSIAN FEDERATION MALIGN INFLUENCE IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on Russian Federation malign influence in the Republic of Cyprus, Greece, and Israel since January 1, 2017.

"(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

"(1) An assessment of security, political, and energy goals of the Russian Federation in the Eastern Mediterranean.

"(2) A description of energy projects of the Government of the Russian Federation in the Eastern Mediterranean.

"(3) A listing of Russian national ownership of media outlets in these countries, including the name of the media outlet, approximate viewership, and assessment of whether the outlet promotes pro-Kremlin views.

"(4) An assessment of military engagement by the Government of the Russian Federation in the security sector, including engagement by military equipment and personnel contractors.

"(5) An assessment of efforts supported by the Government of the Russian Federation to influence elections in the three countries, through the use of cyber attacks, social media campaigns, or other malign influence techniques.

"(6) An assessment of efforts by the Government of the Russian Federation to intimidate and influence the decision by His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, leader of 300,000,000 Orthodox Christians worldwide, to grant autocephaly to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church.

"(c) Form.—The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.

"SEC. 210. REPORT ON INTERFERENCE BY OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report listing incidents since January 1, 2017, determined by the Secretary of State to interfere in efforts by the Republic of Cyprus to explore and exploit natural resources in its Exclusive Economic Zone.

"(b) Form.—The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.

"SEC. 211. REPORT ON INTERFERENCE BY OTHER COUNTRIES IN THE AIRSPACE OF GREECE.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report listing incidents since January 1, 2017, determined by the Secretary of State to be violations of the airspace of the sovereign territory of Greece by its neighbors.

"(b) Form.—The report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.

"SEC. 212. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.

"In this title, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives."

Repeal of Prohibition on Transfer of Articles on the United States Munitions List to the Republic of Cyprus

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XII, §1250A, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1665, provided that:

"(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) allowing for the export, re-export or transfer of arms subject to the United States Munitions List (part 121 of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations) to the Republic of Cyprus would advance United States security interests in Europe by helping to reduce the dependence of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus on other countries, including countries that pose challenges to United States interests around the world, for defense-related materiel; and

"(2) it is in the interest of the United States to continue to support United Nations-facilitated efforts toward a comprehensive solution to the division of Cyprus.

"(b) Modification of Prohibition.—[Amended this section.]

"(c) Exclusion of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus From Certain Related Regulations.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to subsection (d) and except as provided in paragraph (2), beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretary of State shall not apply a policy of denial for exports, re-exports, or transfers of defense articles and defense services destined for or originating in the Republic of Cyprus if—

"(A) the request is made by or on behalf of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus; and

"(B) the end-user of such defense articles or defense services is the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

"(2) Exception.—This exclusion shall not apply to any denial based upon credible human rights concerns.

"(d) Limitations on the Transfer of Articles on the United States Munitions List to the Republic of Cyprus.—

"(1) In general.—The policy of denial for exports, re-exports, or transfers of defense articles on the United States Munitions List to the Republic of Cyprus shall remain in place unless the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees not less than annually that—

"(A) the Government of the Republic of Cyprus is continuing to cooperate with the United States Government in efforts to implement reforms on anti-money laundering regulations and financial regulatory oversight; and

"(B) the Government of the Republic of Cyprus has made and is continuing to take the steps necessary to deny Russian military vessels access to ports for refueling and servicing.

"(2) Waiver.—The President may waive the limitations contained in this subsection for one fiscal year if the President determines that it is essential to the national security interests of the United States to do so.

"(3) Appropriate congressional committees defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives."

Special Ambassadorial Commission for Cyprus and the Aegean

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §586], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–185, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds that—

"(1) the inability to achieve a just and lasting Cyprus settlement will continue to affect relations among the United States and its close NATO allies, Greece and Turkey, to the detriment of larger, mutually shared, security interests in the Eastern Mediterranean region;

"(2) it is of paramount importance that Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey resolve their differences through negotiations and otherwise peaceful procedures, and that the United States should support the resolution of these differences through all the diplomatic means at its disposal;

"(3) it is in the national interest of the United States that the President make a significant new diplomatic demarche towards bringing this dispute to a resolution; and

"(4) it is also in the national interest of the United States to undertake a diplomatic initiative to promote the peaceful and equitable resolution of differences between Greece and Turkey in the Aegean by fostering a renewed and sustained bilateral dialogue between those countries on such issues as: the delineation of the continental shelf, the definition of the territorial seas, air traffic control over the Aegean, NATO command and control arrangements in the Aegean, and the status of Lemnos and NATO exercises in the Aegean.

"(b) Appointment of Special Ambassador.—The President is authorized to appoint a special ambassadorial level envoy who shall be responsible for representing the United States in direct negotiations with the parties to the Cyprus dispute, for representing the United States in negotiations through international intermediaries and, generally, lending the good offices of the United States to the parties in this dispute in order to facilitate a peaceful settlement on Cyprus. As agreed to by Greece and Turkey, the special envoy shall also represent the United States in promoting mutual discussions between those countries concerning their differences on Aegean issues. The special ambassador appointed under this section shall have available the services of two deputies (one to specialize on the Cyprus question, the other on general Aegean issues) and such senior level Department of State personnel as may be required by the special ambassador in order to carry out his responsibilities.

"(c) Report.—Not later than June 1, 1988, the President shall submit a report to the Congress describing in detail the activities being undertaken by the special ambassador, the progress being made toward achievement of a peaceful resolution of the Cyprus dispute, an assessment of the obstacles to achievement of such a resolution and of the future role of the United States in acheiving [sic] a settlement on Cyprus, and an assessment of the progress being made toward resolution of issues affecting the Aegean region.

"(d) Funding.—Up to $500,000 of the funds appropriated under any heading of this Act [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1988, as enacted by section 101(e) of Pub. L. 101–202] which are allocated for Greece and up to $500,000 of the funds appropriated under any heading of this Act which are allocated for Turkey, may be used by the Department of State for any administrative costs associated with the activities of the special ambassador and supporting personnel, including transportation, salaries and per diem."

Definition of Appropriate Congressional Committees

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XIII, §1317, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2001, provided that: "In this subtitle [subtitle B (§§1311–1317) of title XIII of div. A of Pub. L. 117–81, enacting provisions set out as a note above and as a note preceding section 261 of this title], the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of congressional reporting functions of President under subsec. (c) of this section, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13313, July 31, 2003, 68 F.R. 46073, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Delegation of Authorities Under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 and the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 14, 2020, 85 F.R. 35797, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the authorities vested in the President by section 1250A(d) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92) [22 U.S.C. 2373 note] and section 205(d) of the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act of 2019 (Title II, Div. J, Public Law 116–94) [22 U.S.C. 2373 note].

Any reference in this memorandum to either Act shall be deemed to be a reference to such Acts as amended from time to time.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Donald J. Trump.      

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 285e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIV: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / Section 285e: Authorization of appropriations; income covered into Treasury
Authorization of appropriations; income covered into Treasury
Status: in_force

(a) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, for the purchase of twenty thousand shares of capital stock of the Bank, $200,000,000.

(b) Any payment made to the United States by the Bank as a distribution of net income shall be covered into the Treasury as a miscellaneous receipt.

(Pub. L. 89–369, §7, Mar. 16, 1966, 80 Stat. 72.)
22 U.S.C. § 2291m (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2291m: Program to provide assistance to build the capacity of foreign law enforcement agencies with respect to covered synthetic drugs
Program to provide assistance to build the capacity of foreign law enforcement agencies with respect to covered synthetic drugs
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding section 2420 of this title, the Secretary of State shall establish a program to provide assistance to strengthen the capacity of law enforcement agencies of the countries described in subsection (c) to help such agencies to identify, track, and improve their forensics detection capabilities with respect to covered synthetic drugs.

(b) Priority

The Secretary of State shall prioritize technical assistance, and the provision of equipment, as appropriate, under subsection (a) among those countries described in subsection (c) in which such assistance and equipment would have the most impact in reducing illicit use of covered synthetic drugs in the United States.

(c) Countries described

The foreign countries described in this subsection are—

(1) countries that are producers of covered synthetic drugs;

(2) countries whose pharmaceutical and chemical industries are known to be exploited for development or procurement of precursors of covered synthetic drugs; or

(3) major drug-transit countries for covered synthetic drugs as defined by the Secretary of State.

(d) Exception

No assistance may be provided to the People's Republic of China or to any of its law enforcement agencies pursuant to the program authorized by this section.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State to carry out this section $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.

(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5553, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3341.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Fighting Emerging Narcotics Through Additional Nations to Yield Lasting Results Act, also known as the FENTANYL Results Act, and also as part of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Rule of Construction

Nothing in subtitle C (§§5551–5558) of title LV of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, or the amendments made by that subtitle, to be construed as affecting the prioritization of extradition requests, see section 5557 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2291l of this title.

Definitions

For definition of "covered synthetic drug" as used in this section, see section 5558 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2291l of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 280c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter VII: SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION / Section 280c: Employment of personnel with specialized skills
Employment of personnel with specialized skills
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized, when the Commission is desirous of obtaining the services of a person having special scientific or other technical or professional qualifications, from time to time to detail, or authorize the detail of, for temporary service to or in cooperation with the Commission, any person in the employ or service of the Government of the United States who has such qualifications, with the approval of the Government agency in which such person is employed or serving, under the same conditions as those governing the detail of officers and employees of the United States Government to the government of another country in accordance with the provisions of the Act of May 25, 1938 (52 Stat. 442), as amended, except that the authority vested in the President under that Act shall be vested in the Secretary for the purpose of carrying out this section.

(Jan. 28, 1948, ch. 38, §4, 62 Stat. 16.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of May 25, 1938 (52 Stat. 442), as amended, referred to in text, is act May 25, 1938, ch. 277, 52 Stat. 442, which was classified to section 118e of former title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, and was repealed by act Jan. 26, 1948, ch. 36, §1004(a), 62 Stat. 13. Section 1004(c) of act Jan. 26, 1948, provided that any reference to provisions of act May 25, 1938 shall be construed to be applicable to the appropriate provisions of titles III and IX of act Jan. 26, 1948 [see sections 1451 et seq., 1478 and 1479 of this title].
22 U.S.C. § 269a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Section 269a: Central Bureau of the International Map of the World on the Millionth Scale; authorization of appropriations
Central Bureau of the International Map of the World on the Millionth Scale; authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, an annual sum of $50 as a contribution on the part of the United States toward the expenses incurred by the Central Bureau of the International Map of the World on the Millionth Scale.

(June 27, 1930, ch. 652, 46 Stat. 825.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Annual Appropriations

Annual appropriations to meet the obligations of membership in various international organizations were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 118–47, div. F, title I, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 732, 734.

Pub. L. 117–328, div. K, title I, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4978, 4979.

Pub. L. 117–103, div. K, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 568, 569.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. K, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1695, 1696.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. G, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2819, 2821.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. F, title I, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 270, 272.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. K, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 836, 839.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. J, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 593, 595.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. K, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2709, 2711.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. J, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2577, 2579.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. K, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 468, 470.

Pub. L. 112–74, div. I, title I, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1168, 1169.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. F, title I, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3316, 3317.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. H, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 835, 836.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. J, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2280, 2281.

Pub. L. 109–108, title IV, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2322, 2323.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title IV, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2898, 2899.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. B, title IV, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 82, 83.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. B, title IV, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 88, 89.

Pub. L. 107–77, title IV, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 786, 787.

Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title IV], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–92, 2762A–94.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title IV], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–41, 1501A–42.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title IV], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–95, 2681–97.

Pub. L. 105–119, title IV, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2497, 2499.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title IV], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–49, 3009–50.

Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title IV], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–39, 1321–40; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.

Pub. L. 103–317, title V, Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1762, 1763, as amended Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8155(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2658.

Pub. L. 103–121, title V, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1187.

Pub. L. 102–395, title V, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1866, 1867.

Pub. L. 102–140, title V, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 818.

Pub. L. 101–515, title III, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2126.

Pub. L. 101–162, title III, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1008.

Pub. L. 100–459, title III, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2205.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(a) [title III], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329, 1329–20, 1329–21.

Pub. L. 100–71, title I, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 394.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title III], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–58, 1783–59, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title III], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–58, 3341–59, as amended Pub. L. 100–71, title I, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 394.

Pub. L. 99–180, title III, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1150, 1151.

Pub. L. 98–411, title III, Aug. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 1565, 1566.

Pub. L. 98–166, title III, Nov. 28, 1983, 97 Stat. 1094.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(d), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1877.

Pub. L. 97–276, §101(a), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1186.

Pub. L. 97–92, §101(h) [incorporating Pub. L. 96–536, §101(o); H.R. 7584, title I], Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1190.

Pub. L. 96–536, §101(o) [H.R. 7584, title I], Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3169.

Pub. L. 96–369, §101(a), Oct. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 1351.

Pub. L. 96–68, title I, Sept. 24, 1979, 93 Stat. 417, 418.

Pub. L. 95–431, title I, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1022, 1023.

Pub. L. 95–86, title I, Aug. 2, 1977, 91 Stat. 420, 421.

Pub. L. 94–362, title I, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 938, 939.

Pub. L. 94–121, title I, Oct. 21, 1975, 89 Stat. 613, 614.

Pub. L. 93–433, title I, Oct. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 1188, 1189.

Pub. L. 93–162, title I, Nov. 27, 1973, 87 Stat. 637, 638.

Pub. L. 92–544, title I, Oct. 25, 1972, 86 Stat. 1110, 1111.

Pub. L. 92–77, title I, Aug. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 247, 248.

Pub. L. 91–472, title I, Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1041, 1042.

Pub. L. 91–153, title I, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 404, 405.

Pub. L. 90–470, title I, Aug. 9, 1968, 82 Stat. 669, 670.

Pub. L. 90–133, title I, Nov. 8, 1967, 81 Stat. 412, 413.

Pub. L. 89–797, title I, Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1480, 1481.

Pub. L. 89–164, title I, Sept. 2, 1965, 79 Stat. 621, 622.

Pub. L. 88–527, title I, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 712, 713.

Pub. L. 88–245, title I, Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 777, 778.

Pub. L. 87–843, title I, Oct. 18, 1962, 76 Stat. 1081, 1082.

Pub. L. 87–264, title I, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 546, 547.

Pub. L. 86–678, title I, Aug. 31, 1960, 74 Stat. 557, 558.

Pub. L. 86–84, title I, July 13, 1959, 73 Stat. 183, 184.

Pub. L. 85–474, title I, June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 246, 247.

Pub. L. 85–49, title I, June 11, 1957, 71 Stat. 56, 57.

June 20, 1956, ch. 414, title I, 70 Stat. 301.

July 7, 1955, ch. 279, title I, 69 Stat. 265, 266.

July 2, 1954, ch. 456, title I, 68 Stat. 414, 415.

Aug. 5, 1953, ch. 328, title I, 67 Stat. 368, 369.

July 10, 1952, ch. 651, title I, 66 Stat. 550, 551.

Oct. 22, 1951, ch. 533, title I, 65 Stat. 577, 578.

Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. III, title I, 64 Stat. 610, 611.

July 20, 1949, ch. 354, title I, 63 Stat. 449–451.

June 3, 1948, ch. 400, title I, 62 Stat. 308–310.

July 9, 1947, ch. 211, title I, 61 Stat. 282–284.

July 5, 1946, ch. 541, title I, 60 Stat. 453, 454.

May 21, 1945, ch. 129, title I, 59 Stat. 175, 176.

June 28, 1944, ch. 294, title I, 58 Stat. 402, 403.

July 1, 1943, ch. 182, title I, 57 Stat. 277, 278.

July 2, 1942, ch. 472, title I, 56 Stat. 474, 475.

June 28, 1941, ch. 258, title I, 55 Stat. 271–273.

May 14, 1940, ch. 189, title I, 54 Stat. 187–189.

June 29, 1939, ch. 248, title I, 53 Stat. 891–893.

Apr. 27, 1938, ch. 180, title I, 52 Stat. 253–255.

June 16, 1937, ch. 359, title I, 50 Stat. 267, 268.

June 22, 1936, ch. 689, title III, 49 Stat. 1634.

May 15, 1936, ch. 405, title I, 49 Stat. 1315–1317.

Mar. 22, 1935, ch. 39, title I, 49 Stat. 73, 74.

Apr. 7, 1934, ch. 104, title I, 48 Stat. 534.

Mar. 1, 1933, ch. 144, title I, 47 Stat. 1376.

July 1, 1932, ch. 361, title I, 47 Stat. 480–486.

Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 280, title I, 46 Stat. 1314–1320.

June 27, 1930, ch. 652, 46 Stat. 825.

Apr. 18, 1930, ch. 184, title I, 46 Stat. 179–185.

Jan. 25, 1929, ch. 102, title I, 45 Stat. 1100–1107.

Feb. 15, 1928, ch. 57, title I, 45 Stat. 69–75.

Feb. 24, 1927, ch. 189, title I, 44 Stat. 1184–1191.

Apr. 29, 1926, ch. 195, title I, 44 Stat. 335–340.

Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 364, title I, 43 Stat. 1019–1024.

May 28, 1924, ch. 204, title I, 43 Stat. 210–215.

Jan. 3, 1923, ch. 21, title I, 42 Stat. 1073–1077.

June 1, 1922, ch. 204, title I, 42 Stat. 605–609.
22 U.S.C. § 4065 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4065: Voluntary contribution account
Voluntary contribution account
Status: in_force

(a) Composition; election and return

1 The voluntary contribution account shall be the sum of unrefunded amounts voluntarily contributed prior to February 15, 1981, by any participant or former participant under any prior law authorizing such contributions to the Fund, plus interest compounded at the rate of 3 percent per year to the date of separation from the Service or (in case of participant or former participant separated with entitlement to a deferred annuity) to the date the voluntary contribution account is claimed, the commencing date fixed for the deferred annuity, or the date of death, whichever is earlier. Effective on the date the participant becomes eligible for an annuity or a deferred annuity and at the election of the participant, his or her account shall be—

(1) returned in a lump sum;

(2) used to purchase an additional life annuity;

(3) used to purchase an additional life annuity for the participant and to provide for a cash payment on his or her death to a beneficiary whose name shall be notified in writing to the Secretary of State by the participant; or

(4) used to purchase an additional life annuity for the participant and a life annuity commencing on his or her death payable to a beneficiary whose name shall be notified in writing to the Secretary of State by the participant, with a guaranteed return to the beneficiary or his or her legal representative of an amount equal to the cash payment referred to in paragraph (3).

(b) Computation of benefits

The benefits provided by subsection (a)(2), (3), or (4) shall be actuarially equivalent in value to the payment provided for by subsection (a)(1) and shall be calculated upon such tables of mortality as may be from time to time prescribed for this purpose by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(c) Lump-sum payment; time; order of precedence

A voluntary contribution account shall be paid in a lump sum following receipt of an application therefor from a present or former participant if application is filed prior to payment of any additional annuity. If not sooner paid, the account shall be paid at such time as the participant separates from the Service for any reason without entitlement to an annuity or a deferred annuity or at such time as a former participant dies or withdraws compulsory contributions to the Fund. In case of death, the account shall be paid in the order of precedence specified in section 4055(f) of this title.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §825, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2122.)

Amendment of Section

Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §1(a), (c), Oct. 17, 1983, 48 F.R. 48443, set out as a note under section 4067 of this title, provided that the first sentence of subsection (a) of this section, applicable (i) to contributions for civilian service performed on or after the first day of Nov. 1983, (ii) to contributions for prior refunds to participants for which application is received by the employing agency on and after such first day of Nov. 1983, and (iii) to excess contributions under section 4055(h) of this title and voluntary contributions under section 4065(a) of this title from the first day of Nov. 1983, is deemed to be amended to provide that interest shall be compounded at the annual rate of 3 percent per annum through December 31, 1984, and thereafter at a rate equal to the overall average yield to the Fund during the preceding fiscal year from all obligations purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury during such fiscal year under section 4059 of this title, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (a), "February 15, 1981" substituted for "the effective date of this Act" pursuant to section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

1 See Amendment of Section note below.
22 U.S.C. § 1621 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1621: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter—

(a) The term "person" shall include an individual, partnership, corporation, or the Government of the United States.

(b) The term "United States" when used in a geographical sense shall include the United States, its Territories and insular possessions, and the Canal Zone.

(c) The term "nationals of the United States" includes (1) persons who are citizens of the United States, and (2) persons who, though not citizens of the United States, owe permanent allegiance to the United States. It does not include aliens.

(d) The term "Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948" means the agreement between the Governments of the United States of America and of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia regarding pecuniary claims of the United States and its nationals, signed July 19, 1948.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title I, §2, 64 Stat. 13; Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §§1, 2, 69 Stat. 562.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (b), see section 3602(b) of this title.

Amendments

1955—Act Aug. 9, 1955, §1, amended credit to section by designating act Mar. 10, 1950, as "title I".

Act Aug. 9, 1955, §2, substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" in opening phrase.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to This Subchapter Deemed To Include Section 119 of H.R. 2076

References to this subchapter deemed to include section 119 of H.R. 2076, see section 119(b) of H.R. 2076, as enacted into law by Pub. L. 104–91, set out as an Authority of Foreign Claims Settlement Commission note under section 1644 of this title.

Short Title of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–155, §1, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1740, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note below] may be cited as the 'U.S. Holocaust Assets Commission Extension Act of 1999'."

Short Title

Act Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, §1, 64 Stat. 12, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'International Claims Settlement Act of 1949'."

Titles of Act

Act Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §§1, 3, 69 Stat. 562, designated sections 1621 to 1627 of this title as "Title I" of act Mar. 10, 1950, which is classified to subchapter I of this chapter and added "Title II—Vesting and Liquidation of Bulgarian, Hungarian, and Rumanian Property" and "Title III—Claims Against Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, Italy, and the Soviet Union", which are classified to subchapters II and III, respectively, of this chapter. Pub. L. 85–604 added Title IV, Claims Against Czechoslovakia, which is classified to subchapter IV of this chapter. Pub. L. 88–666 added Title V, Claims Against Cuba and China, which is classified to subchapter V of this chapter. Pub. L. 94–542 added Title VI, Claims Against German Democratic Republic, which is classified to subchapter VI of this chapter. Pub. L. 96–606 added Title VII, Claims Against Vietnam, which is classified to subchapter VII of this chapter.

Appropriations

Act Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, §9, 64 Stat. 18, provided that: "There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to enable the Commission to carry out its functions under this Act [enacting this chapter]."

Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XVII, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2642, as amended by Pub. L. 116–132, §1, Mar. 26, 2020, 134 Stat. 273, provided that:

"SEC. 1701. SHORT TITLE.

"This title may be cited as the 'Guam World War II Loyalty Recognition Act'.

"SEC. 1702. RECOGNITION OF THE SUFFERING AND LOYALTY OF THE RESIDENTS OF GUAM.

"(a) Recognition of the Suffering of the Residents of Guam.—The United States recognizes that, as described by the Guam War Claims Review Commission, the residents of Guam, on account of their United States nationality, suffered unspeakable harm as a result of the occupation of Guam by Imperial Japanese military forces during World War II, by being subjected to death, rape, severe personal injury, personal injury, forced labor, forced march, or internment.

"(b) Recognition of the Loyalty of the Residents of Guam.—The United States forever will be grateful to the residents of Guam for their steadfast loyalty to the United States, as demonstrated by the countless acts of courage they performed despite the threat of death or great bodily harm they faced at the hands of the Imperial Japanese military forces that occupied Guam during World War II.

"SEC. 1703. GUAM WORLD WAR II CLAIMS FUND.

"(a) Establishment of Fund.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish in the Treasury of the United States a special fund (in this title referred to as the 'Claims Fund') for the payment of claims submitted by compensable Guam victims and survivors of compensable Guam decedents in accordance with sections 1704 and 1705.

"(b) Composition of Fund.—The Claims Fund established under subsection (a) shall be composed of amounts deposited into the Claims Fund under subsection (c) and any other payments made available for the payment of claims under this title.

"(c) Payment of Certain Duties, Taxes, and Fees Collected From Guam Deposited Into Fund.—

"(1) In general.—Notwithstanding section 30 of the Organic Act of Guam (48 U.S.C. 1421h), the excess of—

"(A) any amount of duties, taxes, and fees collected under such section after fiscal year 2014, over

"(B) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees collected under such section during fiscal year 2014,

shall be deposited into the Claims Fund.

"(2) Application.—Paragraph (1) shall not apply after the date for which the Secretary of the Treasury determines that all payments required to be made under section 1704 have been made.

"(d) Limitation on Payments Made From Fund.—

"(1) In general.—No payment may be made in a fiscal year under section 1704 until funds are deposited into the Claims Fund in such fiscal year under subsection (c).

"(2) Amounts.—For each fiscal year in which funds are deposited into the Claims Fund under subsection (c), the total amount of payments made in a fiscal year under section 1704 may not exceed the amount of funds available in the Claims Fund for such fiscal year.

"(e) Deductions From Fund for Administrative Expenses.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall deduct from any amounts deposited into the Claims Fund an amount not to exceed 5 percent of such amounts as reimbursement to the Federal Government for expenses incurred by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission and by the Department of the Treasury in the administration of this title. The amounts so deducted shall be used to reimburse the applicable appropriations.

"SEC. 1704. PAYMENTS FOR GUAM WORLD WAR II CLAIMS.

"(a) Payments for Death, Personal Injury, Forced Labor, Forced March, and Internment.—After the Secretary of the Treasury receives the certification from the Chairman of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission as required under section 1705(b)(8), the Secretary of the Treasury shall make payments from the Claims Fund to compensable Guam victims and survivors of a compensable Guam decedents as follows:

"(1) Compensable guam victim.—Before making any payments under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall make payments to compensable Guam victims as follows:

"(A) In the case of a victim who has suffered an injury described in subsection (c)(2)(A), $15,000.

"(B) In the case of a victim who is not described in subparagraph (A), but who has suffered an injury described in subsection (c)(2)(B), $12,000.

"(C) In the case of a victim who is not described in subparagraph (A) or (B), but who has suffered an injury described in subsection (c)(2)(C), $10,000.

"(2) Survivors of compensable guam decedents.—In the case of a compensable Guam decedent, the Secretary shall pay $25,000 for distribution to survivors of the decedent in accordance with subsection (b). The Secretary shall make payments under this paragraph only after all payments are made under paragraph (1).

"(b) Distribution of Survivor Payments.—A payment made under subsection (a)(2) to the survivors of a compensable Guam decedent shall be distributed as follows:

"(1) In the case of a decedent whose spouse is living as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], but who had no living children as of such date, the payment shall be made to such spouse.

"(2) In the case of a decedent whose spouse is living as of the date of the enactment of this Act and who had one or more living children as of such date, 50 percent of the payment shall be made to the spouse and 50 percent shall be made to such children, to be divided among such children to the greatest extent possible into equal shares.

"(3) In the case of a decedent whose spouse is not living as of the date of the enactment of this Act and who had one or more living children as of such date, the payment shall be made to such children, to be divided among such children to the greatest extent possible into equal shares.

"(4) In the case of a decedent whose spouse is not living as of the date of the enactment of this Act and who had no living children as of such date, but who—

"(A) had a parent who is living as of such date, the payment shall be made to the parent; or

"(B) had two parents who are living as of such date, the payment shall be divided equally between the parents.

"(5) In the case of a decedent whose spouse is not living as of the date of the enactment of this Act, who had no living children as of such date, and who had no parents who are living as of such date, no payment shall be made.

"(c) Definitions.—For purposes of this title:

"(1) Compensable guam decedent.—The term 'compensable Guam decedent' means an individual determined under section 1705 to have been a resident of Guam who died as a result of the attack and occupation of Guam by Imperial Japanese military forces during World War II, or incident to the liberation of Guam by United States military forces, and whose death would have been compensable under the Guam Meritorious Claims Act of 1945 (Public Law 79–224) [59 Stat. 582] if a timely claim had been filed under the terms of such Act.

"(2) Compensable guam victim.—The term 'compensable Guam victim' means an individual who is not deceased as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016] and who is determined under section 1705 to have suffered, as a result of the attack and occupation of Guam by Imperial Japanese military forces during World War II, or incident to the liberation of Guam by United States military forces, any of the following:

"(A) Rape or severe personal injury (such as loss of a limb, dismemberment, or paralysis).

"(B) Forced labor or a personal injury not under subparagraph (A) (such as disfigurement, scarring, or burns).

"(C) Forced march, internment, or hiding to evade internment.

"(3) Definitions of severe personal injuries and personal injuries.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall promulgate regulations to specify the injuries that constitute a severe personal injury or a personal injury for purposes of subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, of paragraph (2).

"SEC. 1705. ADJUDICATION.

"(a) Authority of Foreign Claims Settlement Commission.—

"(1) In general.—The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall adjudicate claims and determine the eligibility of individuals for payments under section 1704.

"(2) Rules and regulations.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Chairman of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall publish in the Federal Register such rules and regulations as may be necessary to enable the Commission to carry out the functions of the Commission under this title.

"(b) Claims Submitted for Payments.—

"(1) Submittal of claim.—For purposes of subsection (a)(1) and subject to paragraph (2), the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission may not determine an individual is eligible for a payment under section 1704 unless the individual submits to the Commission a claim in such manner and form and containing such information as the Commission specifies.

"(2) Filing period for claims and notice.—

"(A) Filing period.—An individual filing a claim for a payment under section 1704 shall file such claim not later than one year after the date on which the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission publishes the notice described in subparagraph (B).

"(B) Notice of filing period.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall publish a notice of the deadline for filing a claim described in subparagraph (A)—

"(i) in the Federal Register; and

"(ii) in newspaper, radio, and television media in Guam.

"(3) Adjudicatory decisions.—The decision of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission on each claim filed under this title shall—

"(A) be by majority vote;

"(B) be in writing;

"(C) state the reasons for the approval or denial of the claim; and

"(D) if approved, state the amount of the payment awarded and the distribution, if any, to be made of the payment.

"(4) Deductions in payment.—The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall deduct, from a payment made to a compensable Guam victim or survivors of a compensable Guam decedent under this section, amounts paid to such victim or survivors under the Guam Meritorious Claims Act of 1945 (Public Law 79–224) [59 Stat. 582] before the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(5) Interest.—No interest shall be paid on payments made by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission under section 1704.

"(6) Limited compensation for provision of representational services.—

"(A) Limit on compensation.—Any agreement under which an individual who provided representational services to an individual who filed a claim for a payment under this title that provides for compensation to the individual who provided such services in an amount that is more than one percent of the total amount of such payment shall be unlawful and void.

"(B) Penalties.—Whoever demands or receives any compensation in excess of the amount allowed under subparagraph (A) shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

"(7) Appeals and finality.—Objections and appeals of decisions of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall be to the Commission, and upon rehearing, the decision in each claim shall be final, and not subject to further review by any court or agency.

"(8) Certifications for payment.—After a decision approving a claim becomes final, the Chairman of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall certify such decision to the Secretary of the Treasury for authorization of a payment under section 1704.

"(9) Treatment of affidavits.—For purposes of section 1704 and subject to paragraph (2), the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission shall treat a claim that is accompanied by an affidavit of an individual that attests to all of the material facts required for establishing the eligibility of such individual for payment under such section as establishing a prima facie case of the eligibility of the individual for such payment without the need for further documentation, except as the Commission may otherwise require. Such material facts shall include, with respect to a claim for a payment made under section 1704(a), a detailed description of the injury or other circumstance supporting the claim involved, including the level of payment sought.

"(10) Release of related claims.—Acceptance of a payment under section 1704 by an individual for a claim related to a compensable Guam decedent or a compensable Guam victim shall be in full satisfaction of all claims related to such decedent or victim, respectively, arising under the Guam Meritorious Claims Act of 1945 (Public Law 79–224) [59 Stat. 582], the implementing regulations issued by the United States Navy pursuant to such Act (Public Law 79–224), or this title.

"SEC. 1706. GRANTS PROGRAM TO MEMORIALIZE THE OCCUPATION OF GUAM DURING WORLD WAR II.

"(a) Establishment.—Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary of the Interior shall establish a grant program under which the Secretary shall award grants for research, educational, and media activities for purposes of appropriately illuminating and interpreting the causes and circumstances of the occupation of Guam during World War II and other similar occupations during the war that—

"(1) memorialize the events surrounding such occupation; or

"(2) honor the loyalty of the people of Guam during such occupation.

"(b) Eligibility.—The Secretary of the Interior may not award a grant under subsection (a) unless the person seeking the grant submits an application to the Secretary for such grant, in such time, manner, and form and containing such information as the Secretary specifies.

"SEC. 1707. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

["(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 116–132, §1(3), Mar. 26, 2020, 134 Stat. 273.]

"(b) Guam World War II Grants Program.—For purposes of carrying out section 1706, there are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016]."

[Pub. L. 116–132, §1(2), which directed amendment of section 1704(a) of Pub. L. 114–328, set out above, by substituting "from the Claims Fund" for ", subject to the availability of appropriations,", was executed by making the substitution for ", subject to the availably of appropriations," to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery

Pub. L. 114–308, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1524, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016'.

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

"Congress finds the following:

"(1) It is estimated that the Nazis confiscated or otherwise misappropriated hundreds of thousands of works of art and other property throughout Europe as part of their genocidal campaign against the Jewish people and other persecuted groups. This has been described as the 'greatest displacement of art in human history'.

"(2) Following World War II, the United States and its allies attempted to return the stolen artworks to their countries of origin. Despite these efforts, many works of art were never reunited with their owners. Some of the art has since been discovered in the United States.

"(3) In 1998, the United States convened a conference with 43 other nations in Washington, DC, known as the Washington Conference, which produced Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art. One of these principles is that 'steps should be taken expeditiously to achieve a just and fair solution' to claims involving such art that has not been restituted if the owners or their heirs can be identified.

"(4) The same year, Congress enacted the Holocaust Victims Redress Act (Public Law 105–158, 112 Stat. 15), which expressed the sense of Congress that 'all governments should undertake good faith efforts to facilitate the return of private and public property, such as works of art, to the rightful owners in cases where assets were confiscated from the claimant during the period of Nazi rule and there is reasonable proof that the claimant is the rightful owner.'.

"(5) In 2009, the United States participated in a Holocaust Era Assets Conference in Prague, Czech Republic, with 45 other nations. At the conclusion of this conference, the participating nations issued the Terezin Declaration, which reaffirmed the 1998 Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art and urged all participants 'to ensure that their legal systems or alternative processes, while taking into account the different legal traditions, facilitate just and fair solutions with regard to Nazi-confiscated and looted art, and to make certain that claims to recover such art are resolved expeditiously and based on the facts and merits of the claims and all the relevant documents submitted by all parties.'. The Declaration also urged participants to 'consider all relevant issues when applying various legal provisions that may impede the restitution of art and cultural property, in order to achieve just and fair solutions, as well as alternative dispute resolution, where appropriate under law.'.

"(6) Victims of Nazi persecution and their heirs have taken legal action in the United States to recover Nazi-confiscated art. These lawsuits face significant procedural obstacles partly due to State statutes of limitations, which typically bar claims within some limited number of years from either the date of the loss or the date that the claim should have been discovered. In some cases, this means that the claims expired before World War II even ended. (See, e.g., Detroit Institute of Arts v. Ullin, No. 06–10333, 2007 WL 1016996 (E.D. Mich. Mar. 31, 2007).) The unique and horrific circumstances of World War II and the Holocaust make statutes of limitations especially burdensome to the victims and their heirs. Those seeking recovery of Nazi-confiscated art must painstakingly piece together their cases from a fragmentary historical record ravaged by persecution, war, and genocide. This costly process often cannot be done within the time constraints imposed by existing law.

"(7) Federal legislation is needed because the only court that has considered the question held that the Constitution prohibits States from making exceptions to their statutes of limitations to accommodate claims involving the recovery of Nazi-confiscated art. In Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art, 592 F.3d 954 (9th Cir. 2009), the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit invalidated a California law that extended the State statute of limitations for claims seeking recovery of Holocaust-era artwork. The Court held that the law was an unconstitutional infringement of the Federal Government's exclusive authority over foreign affairs, which includes the resolution of war-related disputes. In light of this precedent, the enactment of a Federal law is necessary to ensure that claims to Nazi-confiscated art are adjudicated in accordance with United States policy as expressed in the Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art, the Holocaust Victims Redress Act, and the Terezin Declaration.

"(8) While litigation may be used to resolve claims to recover Nazi-confiscated art, it is the sense of Congress that the private resolution of claims by parties involved, on the merits and through the use of alternative dispute resolution such as mediation panels established for this purpose with the aid of experts in provenance research and history, will yield just and fair resolutions in a more efficient and predictable manner.

"SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

"The purposes of this Act are the following:

"(1) To ensure that laws governing claims to Nazi-confiscated art and other property further United States policy as set forth in the Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art, the Holocaust Victims Redress Act, and the Terezin Declaration.

"(2) To ensure that claims to artwork and other property stolen or misappropriated by the Nazis are not unfairly barred by statutes of limitations but are resolved in a just and fair manner.

"SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

"In this Act:

"(1) Actual discovery.—The term 'actual discovery' means knowledge.

"(2) Artwork or other property.—The term 'artwork or other property' means—

"(A) pictures, paintings, and drawings;

"(B) statuary art and sculpture;

"(C) engravings, prints, lithographs, and works of graphic art;

"(D) applied art and original artistic assemblages and montages;

"(E) books, archives, musical objects and manuscripts (including musical manuscripts and sheets), and sound, photographic, and cinematographic archives and mediums; and

"(F) sacred and ceremonial objects and Judaica.

"(3) Covered period.—The term 'covered period' means the period beginning on January 1, 1933, and ending on December 31, 1945.

"(4) Knowledge.—The term 'knowledge' means having actual knowledge of a fact or circumstance or sufficient information with regard to a relevant fact or circumstance to amount to actual knowledge thereof.

"(5) Nazi persecution.—The term 'Nazi persecution' means any persecution of a specific group of individuals based on Nazi ideology by the Government of Germany, its allies or agents, members of the Nazi Party, or their agents or associates, during the covered period.

"SEC. 5. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

"(a) In General.—Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or State law or any defense at law relating to the passage of time, and except as otherwise provided in this section, a civil claim or cause of action against a defendant to recover any artwork or other property that was lost during the covered period because of Nazi persecution may be commenced not later than 6 years after the actual discovery by the claimant or the agent of the claimant of—

"(1) the identity and location of the artwork or other property; and

"(2) a possessory interest of the claimant in the artwork or other property.

"(b) Possible Misidentification.—For purposes of subsection (a)(1), in a case in which the artwork or other property is one of a group of substantially similar multiple artworks or other property, actual discovery of the identity and location of the artwork or other property shall be deemed to occur on the date on which there are facts sufficient to form a substantial basis to believe that the artwork or other property is the artwork or other property that was lost.

"(c) Preexisting Claims.—Except as provided in subsection (e), a civil claim or cause of action described in subsection (a) shall be deemed to have been actually discovered on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2016] if—

"(1) before the date of enactment of this Act—

"(A) a claimant had knowledge of the elements set forth in subsection (a); and

"(B) the civil claim or cause of action was barred by a Federal or State statute of limitations; or

"(2)(A) before the date of enactment of this Act, a claimant had knowledge of the elements set forth in subsection (a); and

"(B) on the date of enactment of this Act, the civil claim or cause of action was not barred by a Federal or State statute of limitations.

"(d) Applicability.—Subsection (a) shall apply to any civil claim or cause of action that is—

"(1) pending in any court on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2016], including any civil claim or cause of action that is pending on appeal or for which the time to file an appeal has not expired; or

"(2) filed during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and ending on December 31, 2026.

"(e) Exception.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to any civil claim or cause of action barred on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2016] by a Federal or State statute of limitations if—

"(1) the claimant or a predecessor-in-interest of the claimant had knowledge of the elements set forth in subsection (a) on or after January 1, 1999; and

"(2) not less than 6 years have passed from the date such claimant or predecessor-in-interest acquired such knowledge and during which time the civil claim or cause of action was not barred by a Federal or State statute of limitations.

"(f) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this Act shall be construed to create a civil claim or cause of action under Federal or State law.

"(g) Sunset.—This Act shall cease to have effect on January 1, 2027, except that this Act shall continue to apply to any civil claim or cause of action described in subsection (a) that is pending on January 1, 2027. Any civil claim or cause of action commenced on or after that date to recover artwork or other property described in this Act shall be subject to any applicable Federal or State statute of limitations or any other Federal or State defense at law relating to the passage of time."

United States Holocaust Assets Commission

Pub. L. 105–186, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 611, as amended by Pub. L. 106–155, §2, Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1740; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(164), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4323, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'U.S. Holocaust Assets Commission Act of 1998'.

"SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.

"(a) Establishment.—There is established a Presidential Commission, to be known as the 'Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States' (hereafter in this Act referred to as the 'Commission').

"(b) Membership.—

"(1) Number.—The Commission shall be composed of 21 members, appointed in accordance with paragraph (2).

"(2) Appointments.—Of the 21 members of the Commission—

"(A) eight shall be private citizens, appointed by the President;

"(B) four shall be representatives of the Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Army, and the Department of the Treasury (one representative of each such Department), appointed by the President;

"(C) two shall be Members of the House of Representatives, appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives;

"(D) two shall be Members of the House of Representatives, appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives;

"(E) two shall be Members of the Senate, appointed by the majority leader of the Senate;

"(F) two shall be Members of the Senate, appointed by the minority leader of the Senate; and

"(G) one shall be the Chairperson of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council.

"(3) Criteria for membership.—Each private citizen appointed to the Commission shall be an individual who has a record of demonstrated leadership on issues relating to the Holocaust or in the fields of commerce, culture, or education that would assist the Commission in analyzing the disposition of the assets of Holocaust victims.

"(4) Advisory panels.—The Chairperson of the Commission may, in the discretion of the Chairperson, establish advisory panels to the Commission, including State or local officials, representatives of organizations having an interest in the work of the Commission, or others having expertise that is relevant to the purposes of the Commission.

"(5) Date.—The appointments of the members of the Commission shall be made not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [June 23, 1998].

"(c) Chairperson.—The Chairperson of the Commission shall be selected by the President from among the members of the Commission appointed under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(2).

"(d) Period of Appointment.—Members of the Commission shall be appointed for the life of the Commission.

"(e) Vacancies.—Any vacancy in the membership of the Commission shall not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment.

"(f) Meetings.—The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairperson at any time after the date of appointment of the Chairperson.

"(g) Quorum.—11 members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold meetings.

"SEC. 3. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION.

"(a) Original Research.—

"(1) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (3), the Commission shall conduct a thorough study and develop a historical record of the collection and disposition of the assets described in paragraph (2), if such assets came into the possession or control of the Federal Government, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any Federal reserve bank, at any time after January 30, 1933—

"(A) after having been obtained from victims of the Holocaust by, on behalf of, or under authority of a government referred to in subsection (c);

"(B) because such assets were left unclaimed as the result of actions taken by, on behalf of, or under authority of a government referred to in subsection (c); or

"(C) in the case of assets consisting of gold bullion, monetary gold, or similar assets, after such assets had been obtained by the Nazi government of Germany from governmental institutions in any area occupied by the military forces of the Nazi government of Germany.

"(2) Types of assets.—Assets described in this paragraph include—

"(A) gold, including gold bullion, monetary gold, or similar assets in the possession of or under the control of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any Federal reserve bank;

"(B) gems, jewelry, and nongold precious metals;

"(C) accounts in banks in the United States;

"(D) domestic financial instruments purchased before May 8, 1945, by individual victims of the Holocaust, whether recorded in the name of the victim or in the name of a nominee;

"(E) insurance policies and proceeds thereof;

"(F) real estate situated in the United States;

"(G) works of art; and

"(H) books, manuscripts, and religious objects.

"(3) Coordination of activities.—In carrying out its duties under paragraph (1), the Commission shall, to the maximum extent practicable, coordinate its activities with, and not duplicate similar activities already being undertaken by, private individuals, private entities, or government entities, whether domestic or foreign.

"(4) Insurance policies.—

"(A) In general.—In carrying out its duties under this Act, the Commission shall take note of the work of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners with regard to Holocaust-era insurance issues and shall encourage the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to prepare a report on the Holocaust-related claims practices of all insurance companies, both domestic and foreign, doing business in the United States at any time after January 30, 1933, that issued any individual life, health, or property-casualty insurance policy to any individual on any list of Holocaust victims, including the following lists:

"(i) The list maintained by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., of Jewish Holocaust survivors.

"(ii) The list maintained by the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Authority in its Hall of Names of individuals who died in the Holocaust.

"(B) Information to be included.—The report on insurance companies prepared pursuant to subparagraph (A) should include the following, to the degree the information is available:

"(i) The number of policies issued by each company to individuals described in such subparagraph.

"(ii) The value of each policy at the time of issue.

"(iii) The total number of policies, and the dollar amount, that have been paid out.

"(iv) The total present-day value of assets in the United States of each company.

"(C) Coordination.—The Commission shall coordinate its work on insurance issues with that of the international Washington Conference on Holocaust-Era Assets, to be convened by the Department of State and the United States Holocaust Memorial Council.

"(b) Comprehensive Review of Other Research.—Upon receiving permission from any relevant individuals or entities, the Commission shall review comprehensively any research by private individuals, private entities, and non-Federal government entities, whether domestic or foreign, into the collection and disposition of the assets described in subsection (a)(2), to the extent that such research focuses on assets that came into the possession or control of private individuals, private entities, or non-Federal government entities within the United States at any time after January 30, 1933, either—

"(1) after having been obtained from victims of the Holocaust by, on behalf of, or under authority of a government referred to in subsection (c); or

"(2) because such assets were left unclaimed as the result of actions taken by, on behalf of, or under authority of a government referred to in subsection (c).

"(c) Governments Included.—A government referred to in this subsection includes, as in existence during the period beginning on March 23, 1933, and ending on May 8, 1945—

"(1) the Nazi government of Germany;

"(2) any government in any area occupied by the military forces of the Nazi government of Germany;

"(3) any government established with the assistance or cooperation of the Nazi government of Germany; and

"(4) any government which was an ally of the Nazi government of Germany.

"(d) Reports.—

"(1) Submission to the president.—Not later than December 31, 2000, the Commission shall submit a final report to the President that shall contain any recommendations for such legislative, administrative, or other action as it deems necessary or appropriate. The Commission may submit interim reports to the President as it deems appropriate.

"(2) Submission to the congress.—After receipt of the final report under paragraph (1), the President shall submit to the Congress any recommendations for legislative, administrative, or other action that the President considers necessary or appropriate.

"SEC. 4. POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.

"(a) Hearings.—The Commission may hold such hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive such evidence as the Commission considers advisable to carry out this Act.

"(b) Information From Federal Agencies.—The Commission may secure directly from any Federal department or agency such information as the Commission considers necessary to carry out this Act. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of any such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission as expeditiously as possible.

"(c) Postal Services.—The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

"(d) Gifts.—The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or property.

"(e) Administrative Services.—For the purposes of obtaining administrative services necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act, including the leasing of real property for use by the Commission as an office, the Commission shall have the power to—

"(1) enter into contracts and modify, or consent to the modification of, any contract or agreement to which the Commission is a party; and

"(2) acquire, hold, lease, maintain, or dispose of real and personal property.

"SEC. 5. COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS.

"(a) Compensation.—No member of the Commission who is a private citizen shall be compensated for service on the Commission. All members of the Commission who are officers or employees of the United States shall serve without compensation in addition to that received for their services as officers or employees of the United States.

"(b) Travel Expenses.—The members of the Commission shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the Commission.

"(c) Executive Director, Deputy Executive Director, General Counsel, and Other Staff.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the selection of the Chairperson of the Commission under section 2, the Chairperson shall, without regard to the civil service laws and regulations, appoint an executive director, a deputy executive director, and a general counsel of the Commission, and such other additional personnel as may be necessary to enable the Commission to perform its duties under this Act.

"(2) Qualifications.—The executive director, deputy executive director, and general counsel of the Commission shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation, and shall possess all necessary security clearances for such positions.

"(3) Duties of executive director.—The executive director of the Commission shall—

"(A) serve as principal liaison between the Commission and other Government entities;

"(B) be responsible for the administration and coordination of the review of records by the Commission; and

"(C) be responsible for coordinating all official activities of the Commission.

"(4) Compensation.—The Chairperson of the Commission may fix the compensation of the executive director, deputy executive director, general counsel, and other personnel employed by the Commission, without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of positions and General Schedule pay rates, except that—

"(A) the rate of pay for the executive director of the Commission may not exceed the rate payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) the rate of pay for the deputy executive director, the general counsel of the Commission, and other Commission personnel may not exceed the rate payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.

"(5) Employee benefits.—

"(A) In general.—An employee of the Commission shall be an employee for purposes of chapters 83, 84, 85, 87, and 89 of title 5, United States Code, and service as an employee of the Commission shall be service for purposes of such chapters.

"(B) Nonapplication to members.—This paragraph shall not apply to a member of the Commission.

"(6) Office of personnel management.—The Office of Personnel Management—

"(A) may promulgate regulations to apply the provisions referred to under subsection (a) to employees of the Commission; and

"(B) shall provide support services, on a reimbursable basis, relating to—

"(i) the initial employment of employees of the Commission; and

"(ii) other personnel needs of the Commission.

"(d) Detail of Government Employees.—Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Commission without reimbursement to the agency of that employee, and such detail shall be without interruption or loss of civil service status or privilege.

"(e) Procurement of Temporary and Intermittent Services.—The Chairperson of the Commission may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, at rates for individuals which do not exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title.

"(f) Staff Qualifications.—Any person appointed to the staff of or employed by the Commission shall be an individual of integrity and impartiality.

"(g) Conditional Employment.—

"(1) In general.—The Commission may offer employment on a conditional basis to a prospective employee pending the completion of any necessary security clearance background investigation. During the pendency of any such investigation, the Commission shall ensure that such conditional employee is not given and does not have access to or responsibility involving classified or otherwise restricted material.

"(2) Termination.—If a person hired on a conditional basis as described in paragraph (1) is denied or otherwise does not qualify for all security clearances necessary for the fulfillment of the responsibilities of that person as an employee of the Commission, the Commission shall immediately terminate the employment of that person with the Commission.

"(h) Expedited Security Clearance Procedures.—A candidate for executive director or deputy executive director of the Commission and any potential employee of the Commission shall, to the maximum extent possible, be investigated or otherwise evaluated for and granted, if applicable, any necessary security clearances on an expedited basis.

"SEC. 6. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT SERVICES.

"Upon the request of the Commission, the Administrator of General Services shall provide to the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support services necessary for the Commission to carry out its responsibilities under this Act.

"SEC. 7. TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION.

"The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the Commission submits its final report under section 3.

"SEC. 8. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

"(a) Inapplicability of Chapter 10 of Title 5, United States Code.—Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code, does not apply to the Commission.

"(b) Public Attendance.—To the maximum extent practicable, each meeting of the Commission shall be open to members of the public.

"SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

"There are authorized to be appropriated not more than $6,000,000, in total, for the interagency funding of activities of the Commission under this Act for fiscal years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, of which, notwithstanding section 1346 of title 31, United States Code, and section 611 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1998 [Pub. L. 105–61, 111 Stat. 1310], $537,000 shall be made available in equal amounts from funds made available for fiscal year 1998 to the Departments of Justice, State, and the Army that are otherwise unobligated. Funds made available to the Commission pursuant to this section shall remain available for obligation until December 31, 1999."

Executive Documents

Abolition of International Claims Commission and Transfer of Functions

International Claims Commission of the United States, including offices of its members, abolished and functions of Commission and of members, officers, and employees thereof transferred to Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1954, §§2, 4, eff. July 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985, 68 Stat. 1279, set out as a note under section 1622 of this title.