49 U.S.C. § 6303 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 63 / Section 6303: Intermodal transportation database
Intermodal transportation database
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—In consultation with the Under Secretary Transportation for Policy, the Assistant Secretaries of the Department, and the heads of the operating administrations of the Department, the Director shall establish and maintain a transportation database for all modes of transportation.

(b) Use.—The database established under this section shall be suitable for analyses carried out by the Federal Government, the States, and metropolitan planning organizations.

(c) Contents.—The database established under this section shall include—

(1) information on the volumes and patterns of movement of goods, including local, interregional, and international movement, by all modes of transportation, intermodal combinations, and relevant classification;

(2) information on the volumes and patterns of movement of people, including local, interregional, and international movements, by all modes of transportation (including bicycle and pedestrian modes), intermodal combinations, and relevant classification;

(3) information on the location and connectivity of transportation facilities and services; and

(4) a national accounting of expenditures and capital stocks on each mode of transportation and intermodal combination.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 890.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 44910 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter I / Section 44910: Agreements on aircraft sabotage, aircraft hijacking, and airport security
Agreements on aircraft sabotage, aircraft hijacking, and airport security
Status: in_force

The Secretary of State shall seek multilateral and bilateral agreement on strengthening enforcement measures and standards for compliance related to aircraft sabotage, aircraft hijacking, and airport security.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1212.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44910
49 App.:1515 (note).
Aug. 8, 1985, Pub. L. 99–83, §556, 99 Stat. 227.
49 U.S.C. § 14913 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14913: Conclusiveness of rates in certain prosecutions
Conclusiveness of rates in certain prosecutions
Status: in_force

When a carrier publishes or files a particular rate under section 13702 or participates in such a rate, the published or filed rate is conclusive proof against that carrier, its officers, and agents that it is the legal rate for that transportation or service in a proceeding begun under section 14902 or 14903. A departure, or offer to depart, from that published or filed rate is a violation of those sections.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 918.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11916 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 6301 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 63 / Section 6301: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter, the following definitions apply:

(1) Bureau.—The term "Bureau" means the Bureau of Transportation Statistics established by section 6302(a).

(2) Department.—The term "Department" means the Department of Transportation.

(3) Director.—The term "Director" means the Director of the Bureau.

(4) Library.—The term "Library" means the National Transportation Library established by section 6304(a).

(5) Secretary.—The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Transportation.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 887.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

Construction

Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 895, provided that: "If the provisions of section 111 of title 49, United States Code, are transferred to chapter 63 of that title, the following rules of construction apply:

"(1) For purposes of determining whether 1 provision of law supersedes another based on enactment later in time, a chapter 63 provision is deemed to have been enacted on the date of enactment of the corresponding section 111 provision [section 111 of this title was enacted Dec. 18, 1991].

"(2) A reference to a section 111 provision, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding chapter 63 provision.

"(3) A regulation, order, or other administrative action in effect under a section 111 provision continues in effect under the corresponding chapter 63 provision.

"(4) An action taken or an offense committed under a section 111 provision is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding chapter 63 provision."
49 U.S.C. § 41501 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 415 / Section 41501: Establishing reasonable prices, classifications, rules, practices, and divisions of joint prices for foreign air transportation
Establishing reasonable prices, classifications, rules, practices, and divisions of joint prices for foreign air transportation
Status: in_force

Every air carrier and foreign air carrier shall establish, comply with, and enforce—

(1) reasonable prices, classifications, rules, and practices related to foreign air transportation; and

(2) for joint prices established for foreign air transportation, reasonable divisions of those prices among the participating air carriers or foreign air carriers without unreasonably discriminating against any of those carriers.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1132.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41501
49 App.:1374(a)(2).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §404(a)(2); added Mar. 22, 1972, Pub. L. 92–259, §1, 86 Stat. 95.

In this chapter, the word "regulation" is omitted in restating the phrase "classifications, rules, regulations, and practices" because it is covered by the word "rules" and to distinguish the rules of an air carrier or foreign air carrier from the regulations of the United States Government. The word "reasonable" is substituted for "just and reasonable" and "just, reasonable, and equitable" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words. See the revision notes following 49:10101. The word "prices" is substituted for "fares" and "rates, fares, and charges" because of the definition of "price" in section 40102(a) of the revised title.

In this section, before clause (1), the words "comply with" are substituted for "observe" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In clause (1), the words "individual and joint" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "unreasonably discriminating" are substituted for "unduly prefer or prejudice" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words. See the revision notes following 49:10101.
49 U.S.C. § 31114 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 311 / Subchapter II / Section 31114: Access to the Interstate System
Access to the Interstate System
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition on Denying Access.—A State may not enact or enforce a law denying to a commercial motor vehicle subject to this subchapter or subchapter I of this chapter reasonable access between—

(1) the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways (except a segment exempted under section 31111(f) or 31113(e) of this title) and other qualifying Federal-aid Primary System highways designated by the Secretary of Transportation; and

(2) terminals, facilities for food, fuel, repairs, and rest, and points of loading and unloading for household goods carriers, motor carriers of passengers, any towaway trailer transporter combination (as defined in section 31111(a)), or any truck tractor-semitrailer combination in which the semitrailer has a length of not more than 28.5 feet and that generally operates as part of a vehicle combination described in section 31111(c) of this title.

(b) Exception.—This section does not prevent a State or local government from imposing reasonable restrictions, based on safety considerations, on a truck tractor-semitrailer combination in which the semitrailer has a length of not more than 28.5 feet and that generally operates as part of a vehicle combination described in section 31111(c) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title V, §5523(c)(2), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1560.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31114(a)
49 App.:2312(a).
Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §412, 96 Stat. 2160; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–554, §§104(c), 106, 98 Stat. 2831, 2832; Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4006(b)(2), 105 Stat. 2151.

31114(b)
49 App.:2312(b).

In subsection (a), the words "Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways" are substituted for "Interstate and Defense Highway System" for consistency in the revised chapter.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–94 inserted "any towaway trailer transporter combination (as defined in section 31111(a))," after "passengers,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 15504 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 155 / Section 15504: Government traffic
Government traffic
Status: in_force

A pipeline carrier providing transportation or service for the United States Government may transport property for the United States Government without charge or at a rate reduced from the applicable commercial rate. Section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 does not apply when transportation for the United States Government can be obtained from a carrier lawfully operating in the area where the transportation would be provided.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §106(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 924; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(o)(6), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3853.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10721 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Amendments

2011—Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "Section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "Section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 60137 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 601 / Section 60137: Pipeline control room management
Pipeline control room management
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Not later than June 1, 2008, the Secretary shall issue regulations requiring each operator of a gas or hazardous liquid pipeline to develop, implement, and submit to the Secretary or, in the case of an operator of an intrastate pipeline located within the boundaries of a State that has in effect an annual certification under section 60105, to the head of the appropriate State authority, a human factors management plan designed to reduce risks associated with human factors, including fatigue, in each control center for the pipeline. Each plan must include, among the measures to reduce such risks, a maximum limit on the hours of service established by the operator for individuals employed as controllers in a control center for the pipeline.

(b) Review and Approval of the Plan.—The Secretary or, in the case of an operator of an intrastate pipeline located within the boundaries of a State that has in effect an annual certification under section 60105, the head of the appropriate State authority, shall review and approve each plan submitted to the Secretary or the head of such authority under subsection (a). The Secretary and the head of such authority may not approve a plan that does not include a maximum limit on the hours of service established by the operator of the pipeline for individuals employed as controllers in a control center for the pipeline.

(c) Enforcement of the Plan.—If the Secretary or the head of the appropriate State authority determines that an operator's plan submitted to the Secretary or the head of such authority under subsection (a), or implementation of such a plan, does not comply with the regulations issued under this section or is inadequate for the safe operation of a pipeline, the Secretary or the head of such authority may take action consistent with this chapter and enforce the requirements of such regulations.

(d) Compliance With the Plan.—Each operator of a gas or hazardous liquid pipeline shall document compliance with the plan submitted by the operator under subsection (a) and the reasons for any deviation from compliance with such plan. The Secretary or the head of the appropriate State authority, as the case may be, shall review the reasonableness of any such deviation in considering whether to take enforcement action or discontinue approval of the operator's plan under subsection (b).

(e) Deviation Reporting Requirements.—In issuing regulations under subsection (a), the Secretary shall develop and include in such regulations requirements for an operator of a gas or hazardous liquid pipeline to report deviations from compliance with the plan submitted by the operator under subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 109–468, §12(a), Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3494.)
49 U.S.C. § 48110 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 481 / Section 48110: Facilities for advanced training of maintenance technicians for air carrier aircraft
Facilities for advanced training of maintenance technicians for air carrier aircraft
Status: in_force

For the fiscal years ending September 30, 1993–1995, amounts necessary to carry out section 44515 1 of this title may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation out of the Airport and Airway Trust Fund established under section 9502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9502). The amounts remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1297.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

48110
49 App.:1354 (note).
Oct. 31, 1992, Pub. L. 102–581, §119(d), 106 Stat. 4884.

The words "to the Secretary of Transportation" are added for clarity and consistency in this chapter.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 44515 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, §401(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1148.

1 See References in Text note below.
49 U.S.C. § 46108 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 461 / Section 46108: Enforcement of certificate requirements by interested persons
Enforcement of certificate requirements by interested persons
Status: in_force

An interested person may bring a civil action in a district court of the United States against a person to enforce section 41101(a)(1) of this title. The action may be brought in the judicial district in which the defendant does business or the violation occurred.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1229.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46108
49 App.:1487(a) (related to party in interest).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §1007(a) (related to party in interest), 72 Stat. 796.

The words "interested person" are substituted for "party in interest" for consistency. The words "may bring a civil action" are substituted for "may apply" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code and rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (28 App. U.S.C.). The text of 49 App.:1487(a) (words after semicolon related to party in interest) is omitted as surplus because of 28:1651 and rule 81(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
49 U.S.C. § 20159 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20159: Roadway user sight distance at highway-rail grade crossings
Roadway user sight distance at highway-rail grade crossings
Status: in_force

Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Secretary of Transportation, after consultation with the Federal Railroad Administration, the Federal Highway Administration, and States, shall develop and make available to States model legislation providing for improving safety by addressing sight obstructions, including vegetation growth, topographic features, structures, and standing railroad equipment, at highway-rail grade crossings that are equipped solely with passive warnings, as recommended by the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation in Report No. MH–2007–044.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title II, §203(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4869; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11316(f), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1676.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of div. A of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "the Secretary of Transportation" for "the Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 6309 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 63 / Section 6309: National transportation atlas database
National transportation atlas database
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Director shall develop and maintain a national transportation atlas database that is comprised of geospatial databases that depict—

(1) transportation networks;

(2) flows of people, goods, vehicles, and craft over the transportation networks; and

(3) social, economic, and environmental conditions that affect or are affected by the transportation networks.

(b) Intermodal Network Analysis.—The databases referred to in subsection (a) shall be capable of supporting intermodal network analysis.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 894.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 11903 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 119 / Section 11903: Record keeping and reporting violations
Record keeping and reporting violations
Status: in_force

A person required to make a report to the Board, or make, prepare, or preserve a record, under subchapter III of chapter 111 of this title about transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part that knowingly and willfully—

(1) makes a false entry in the report or record;

(2) destroys, mutilates, changes, or by another means falsifies the record;

(3) does not enter business related facts and transactions in the record;

(4) makes, prepares, or preserves the record in violation of a regulation or order of the Board; or

(5) files a false report or record with the Board,

shall be fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 851.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11909 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 11903, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1457, related to rate, discrimination, and tariff violations, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See section 14903 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 40124 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 401 / Section 40124: Interstate agreements for airport facilities
Interstate agreements for airport facilities
Status: in_force

Congress consents to a State making an agreement, not in conflict with a law of the United States, with another State to develop or operate an airport facility.

(Added Pub. L. 104–287, §5(69)(A), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3395, §40121; renumbered §40124, Pub. L. 105–102, §3(d)(1)(B), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2215.)

Historical and Revision Notes

This restates 49:44502(e) as 49:40121 [now 40124] to provide a more appropriate place in title 49.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1997—Pub. L. 105–102 amended Pub. L. 104–287, renumbering section 40121 of this title as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–102, §3(d), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2215, provided that the amendment made by section 3(d)(1)(B) is effective Oct. 11, 1996.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–102 effective as if included in the provisions of the Act to which the amendment relates, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 105–102, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 30106 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 301 / Subchapter I / Section 30106: Rented or leased motor vehicle safety and responsibility
Rented or leased motor vehicle safety and responsibility
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—An owner of a motor vehicle that rents or leases the vehicle to a person (or an affiliate of the owner) shall not be liable under the law of any State or political subdivision thereof, by reason of being the owner of the vehicle (or an affiliate of the owner), for harm to persons or property that results or arises out of the use, operation, or possession of the vehicle during the period of the rental or lease, if—

(1) the owner (or an affiliate of the owner) is engaged in the trade or business of renting or leasing motor vehicles; and

(2) there is no negligence or criminal wrongdoing on the part of the owner (or an affiliate of the owner).

(b) Financial Responsibility Laws.—Nothing in this section supersedes the law of any State or political subdivision thereof—

(1) imposing financial responsibility or insurance standards on the owner of a motor vehicle for the privilege of registering and operating a motor vehicle; or

(2) imposing liability on business entities engaged in the trade or business of renting or leasing motor vehicles for failure to meet the financial responsibility or liability insurance requirements under State law.

(c) Applicability and Effective Date.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this section shall apply with respect to any action commenced on or after the date of enactment of this section without regard to whether the harm that is the subject of the action, or the conduct that caused the harm, occurred before such date of enactment.

(d) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Affiliate.—The term "affiliate" means a person other than the owner that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the owner. In the preceding sentence, the term "control" means the power to direct the management and policies of a person whether through ownership of voting securities or otherwise.

(2) Owner.—The term "owner" means a person who is—

(A) a record or beneficial owner, holder of title, lessor, or lessee of a motor vehicle;

(B) entitled to the use and possession of a motor vehicle subject to a security interest in another person; or

(C) a lessor, lessee, or a bailee of a motor vehicle, in the trade or business of renting or leasing motor vehicles, having the use or possession thereof, under a lease, bailment, or otherwise.

(3) Person.—The term "person" means any individual, corporation, company, limited liability company, trust, association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, or any other entity.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title X, §10208(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1935.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.
49 U.S.C. § 10742 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 107 / Subchapter III / Section 10742: Facilities for interchange of traffic
Facilities for interchange of traffic
Status: in_force

A rail carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part shall provide reasonable, proper, and equal facilities that are within its power to provide for the interchange of traffic between, and for the receiving, forwarding, and delivering of passengers and property to and from, its respective line and a connecting line of another rail carrier or of a water carrier providing transportation subject to chapter 137.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 819.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 10742, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1391, related to facilities for interchange of traffic, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 10742 and 15506 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 47534 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter II / Section 47534: Prohibition on operating certain aircraft weighing 75,000 pounds or less not complying with stage 3 noise levels
Prohibition on operating certain aircraft weighing 75,000 pounds or less not complying with stage 3 noise levels
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition.—Except as otherwise provided by this section, after December 31, 2015, a person may not operate a civil subsonic jet airplane with a maximum weight of 75,000 pounds or less, and for which an airworthiness certificate (other than an experimental certificate) has been issued, to or from an airport in the United States unless the Secretary of Transportation finds that the aircraft complies with stage 3 noise levels.

(b) Aircraft Operations Outside 48 Contiguous States.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to aircraft operated only outside the 48 contiguous States.

(c) Temporary Operations.—The Secretary may allow temporary operation of an aircraft otherwise prohibited from operation under subsection (a) to or from an airport in the contiguous United States by granting a special flight authorization for one or more of the following circumstances:

(1) To sell, lease, or use the aircraft outside the 48 contiguous States.

(2) To scrap the aircraft.

(3) To obtain modifications to the aircraft to meet stage 3 noise levels.

(4) To perform scheduled heavy maintenance or significant modifications on the aircraft at a maintenance facility located in the contiguous 48 States.

(5) To deliver the aircraft to an operator leasing the aircraft from the owner or return the aircraft to the lessor.

(6) To prepare, park, or store the aircraft in anticipation of any of the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (5).

(7) To provide transport of persons and goods in the relief of an emergency situation.

(8) To divert the aircraft to an alternative airport in the 48 contiguous States on account of weather, mechanical, fuel, air traffic control, or other safety reasons while conducting a flight in order to perform any of the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (7).

(d) Regulations.—The Secretary may prescribe such regulations or other guidance as may be necessary for the implementation of this section.

(e) Statutory Construction.—

(1) AIP grant assurances.—Noncompliance with subsection (a) shall not be construed as a violation of section 47107 or any regulations prescribed thereunder.

(2) Pending applications.—Nothing in this section may be construed as interfering with, nullifying, or otherwise affecting determinations made by the Federal Aviation Administration, or to be made by the Administration, with respect to applications under part 161 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, that were pending on the date of enactment of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 112–95, title V, §506(a), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 105.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–95, which was approved Feb. 14, 2012.
49 U.S.C. § 32301 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 323 / Section 32301: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter—

(1) "crash avoidance" means preventing or mitigating a crash;

(2) "crashworthiness" means the protection a passenger motor vehicle gives its passengers against personal injury or death from a motor vehicle accident; and

(3) "damage susceptibility" means the susceptibility of a passenger motor vehicle to damage in a motor vehicle accident.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1035; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31305(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 765.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

32301
15:1901(13), (14).
Oct. 20, 1972, Pub. L. 92–513, §2(13), (14), 86 Stat. 948; Dec. 22, 1975, Pub. L. 94–163, §301, 89 Stat. 901; Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96–425, §8(a)(2), 94 Stat. 1828; Oct. 25, 1984, Pub. L. 98–547, §101(b), 98 Stat. 2767.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 added par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively, and, in par. (2), substituted "; and" for period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 44941 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter II / Section 44941: Immunity for reporting suspicious activities
Immunity for reporting suspicious activities
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Any air carrier or foreign air carrier or any employee of an air carrier or foreign air carrier who makes a voluntary disclosure of any suspicious transaction relevant to a possible violation of law or regulation, relating to air piracy, a threat to aircraft or passenger safety, or terrorism, as defined by section 3077 of title 18, United States Code, to any employee or agent of the Department of Transportation, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer, or any airport or airline security officer shall not be civilly liable to any person under any law or regulation of the United States, any constitution, law, or regulation of any State or political subdivision of any State, for such disclosure.

(b) Application.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to—

(1) any disclosure made with actual knowledge that the disclosure was false, inaccurate, or misleading; or

(2) any disclosure made with reckless disregard as to the truth or falsity of that disclosure.

(Added Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §125(a), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 631; amended Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(d)(32), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3640.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–254 inserted "the Department of Homeland Security," after "Department of Transportation,".
49 U.S.C. § 46308 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46308: Interference with air navigation
Interference with air navigation
Status: in_force

A person shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both, if the person—

(1) with intent to interfere with air navigation in the United States, exhibits in the United States a light or signal at a place or in a way likely to be mistaken for a true light or signal established under this part or for a true light or signal used at an air navigation facility;

(2) after a warning from the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, continues to maintain a misleading light or signal; or

(3) knowingly interferes with the operation of a true light or signal.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1238.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46308
49 App.:1472(c).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §902(c), 72 Stat. 784.

  
49 App.:1655(c)(1).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(c)(1), 80 Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), 96 Stat. 2444.

In this section, before clause (1), the words "fined under title 18" are substituted for "a fine of not exceeding $5,000" for consistency with title 18. The words "such fine and imprisonment" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the words "used at" are substituted for "in connection with" for clarity. The words "airport or other" are omitted as being included in the definition of "air navigation facility" in section 40102(a) of the revised title. In clause (2), the word "due" is omitted as surplus. The word "Administrator" in section 902(c) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85–726, 72 Stat. 784) is retained on authority of 49:106(g). In clause (3), the words "removes, extinguishes, or" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 1324 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 13 / Subchapter II / Section 1324: Service of process in court proceedings
Service of process in court proceedings
Status: in_force

(a) Designation of Agent.—A carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under subtitle IV shall designate an agent on whom service of process in an action before a district court may be made. Except as otherwise provided, process in an action before a district court shall be served on the designated agent of that carrier at the office or usual place of residence of that agent. If the carrier does not have a designated agent, service may be made by posting the notice in the office of the Board.

(b) Changing Designation.—A designation under this section may be changed at any time in the same manner as originally made.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title II, §201(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 937, §724; renumbered §1324 and amended Pub. L. 114–110, §§3(a)(5), 8(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228, 2232.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–110, §3(a)(3), renumbered section 724 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–110, §8(b), struck out "in the District of Columbia" after "designate an agent" and "usual place of residence".
49 U.S.C. § 33116 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 331 / Section 33116: Confidentiality of information
Confidentiality of information
Status: in_force

(a) General.—Information obtained by the Secretary of Transportation under this chapter related to a confidential matter referred to in section 1905 of title 18 may be disclosed only—

(1) to another officer or employee of the United States Government for use in carrying out this chapter; or

(2) in a proceeding under this chapter (except a proceeding under section 33104(a)(3)).

(b) Withholding Information From Congress.—This section does not authorize information to be withheld from a committee of Congress authorized to have the information.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1093.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

33116
15:2029.
Oct. 20, 1972, Pub. L. 92–513, 86 Stat. 947, §612; added Oct. 25, 1984, Pub. L. 98–547, §101(a), 98 Stat. 2763; Oct. 25, 1992, Pub. L. 102–519, §306(a), 106 Stat. 3397.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "reported to, or otherwise" and "or the Secretary's representative" are omitted as surplus. The words "related to a confidential matter referred to" are substituted for "contains or relates to a trade secret or other matter referred to" to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency in the revised title. The words "or in section 552(b)(4) of title 5" are omitted as surplus because the language in 18:1905 is broader than the language in 5:552(b)(4) and for consistency with similar provisions in other chapters in this part. The words "shall be considered confidential for the purpose of the applicable section of this subchapter" are omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the words "for use in carrying out" are substituted for "concerned with carrying out" for consistency with similar provisions in other chapters in this part. In clause (2), the words "when relevant" are omitted as surplus. The cross-reference to 15:2023(a)(3) is omitted. The text of 15:2023(a)(3), originally enacted as section 603(a)(3) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (Public Law 92–513, 86 Stat. 947), was repealed by section 303(2) of the Anti Car Theft Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–519, 106 Stat. 3396). Section 303(2) also redesignated subsection (a)(4) as subsection (a)(3). However, a corresponding amendment to correct the cross-reference in the source provisions restated in this section was not made.

In subsection (b), the words "authorized to have the information" are added for clarity and consistency with similar provisions in other chapters in this part.
49 U.S.C. § 11103 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 111 / Subchapter I / Section 11103: Switch connections and tracks
Switch connections and tracks
Status: in_force

(a) On application of the owner of a lateral branch line of railroad, or of a shipper tendering interstate traffic for transportation, a rail carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part shall construct, maintain, and operate, on reasonable conditions, a switch connection to connect that branch line or private side track with its railroad and shall furnish cars to move that traffic to the best of its ability without discrimination in favor of or against the shipper when the connection—

(1) is reasonably practicable;

(2) can be made safely; and

(3) will furnish sufficient business to justify its construction and maintenance.

(b) If a rail carrier fails to install and operate a switch connection after application is made under subsection (a) of this section, the owner of the lateral branch line of railroad or the shipper may file a complaint with the Board under section 11701 of this title. The Board shall investigate the complaint and decide the safety, practicability, justification, and compensation to be paid for the connection. The Board may direct the rail carrier to comply with subsection (a) of this section only after a full hearing.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 831.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11104 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Prior sections 11103 to 11111 were omitted in the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Section 11103, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1419; Pub. L. 96–448, title II, §223, Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1929, related to use of terminal facilities. See section 11102 of this title.

Section 11104, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1420, related to switch connections and tracks. See section 11103 of this title.

Section 11105, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1420, related to protective services.

Section 11106, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1420, related to identification of motor vehicles.

Section 11107, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1420; Pub. L. 96–296, §15(d), July 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 809, related to leased motor vehicles. See section 14102 of this title.

Section 11108, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1421, related to water carriers subject to unreasonable discrimination in foreign transportation.

Section 11109, added Pub. L. 96–296, §15(a)(1), July 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 808, related to loading and unloading motor vehicles. See section 14103 of this title.

Section 11110, added Pub. L. 96–454, §6(a)(1), Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2015, related to household goods carrier operations. See section 14104 of this title.

Section 11111, added Pub. L. 97–261, §25(d)(1), Sept. 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 1125, related to use of citizen band radios on buses.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44516 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 445 / Section 44516: Human factors program
Human factors program
Status: in_force

(a) Human Factors Training.—

(1) Air traffic controllers.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall—

(A) address the problems and concerns raised by the National Research Council in its report "The Future of Air Traffic Control" on air traffic control automation; and

(B) respond to the recommendations made by the National Research Council.

(2) Pilots and flight crews.—The Administrator shall work with representatives of the aviation industry and appropriate aviation programs associated with universities to develop specific training curricula to address critical safety problems, including problems of pilots—

(A) in recovering from loss of control of an aircraft, including handling unusual attitudes and mechanical malfunctions;

(B) in deviating from standard operating procedures, including inappropriate responses to emergencies and hazardous weather;

(C) in awareness of altitude and location relative to terrain to prevent controlled flight into terrain; and

(D) in landing and approaches, including nonprecision approaches and go-around procedures.

(b) Test Program.—The Administrator shall establish a test program in cooperation with air carriers to use model Jeppesen approach plates or other similar tools to improve precision-like landing approaches for aircraft.

(c) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the status of the Administration's efforts to encourage the adoption and implementation of advanced qualification programs for air carriers under this section.

(d) Advanced Qualification Program Defined.—In this section, the term "advanced qualification program" means an alternative method for qualifying, training, certifying, and ensuring the competency of flight crews and other commercial aviation operations personnel subject to the training and evaluation requirements of parts 121 and 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

(Added Pub. L. 106–181, title VII, §713(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 160.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–181, which was approved Apr. 5, 2000.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.

Human Factors Professionals

Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, §410, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1156, provided that: "The Administrator [of the Federal Aviation Administration] shall take such actions as may be necessary to establish a new work code for human factors professionals who—

"(1) perform work involving the design and testing of technologies, processes, and systems which require effective and safe human performance;

"(2) generate and apply theories, principles, practical concepts, systems, and processes related to the design and testing of technologies, systems, and training programs to support and evaluate human performance in work contexts; and

"(3) meet education or experience requirements as determined by the Administrator."

Human Factors Education Program

Pub. L. 116–260, div. V, title I, §124, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2346, provided that:

"(a) Human Factors Education Program.—

"(1) In general.—The Administrator shall develop a human factors education program that addresses the effects of modern flight deck systems, including automated systems, on human performance for transport airplanes and the approaches for better integration of human factors in aircraft design and certification.

"(2) Target audience.—The human factors education program shall be integrated into the training protocols (as in existence as of the date of enactment of this title [Dec. 27, 2020]) for, and be routinely administered to, the following:

"(A) Appropriate employees within the Flight Standards Service.

"(B) Appropriate employees within the Aircraft Certification Service.

"(C) Other employees or authorized representatives determined to be necessary by the Administrator.

"(b) Transport Airplane Manufacturer Information Sharing.—The Administrator shall—

"(1) require each transport airplane manufacturer to provide the Administrator with the information or findings necessary for flight crew to be trained on flight deck systems;

"(2) ensure the information or findings under paragraph (1) adequately includes consideration of human factors; and

"(3) ensure that each transport airplane manufacturer identifies any technical basis, justification or rationale for the information and findings under paragraph (1)."

[For definitions of "Administrator" and "transport airplanes" as used in section 124 of div. V of Pub. L. 116–260, set out above, see section 137 of div. V of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 40101 of this title.]
49 U.S.C. § 44947 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter II / Section 44947: Air cargo security division
Air cargo security division
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall establish an air cargo security division to carry out and engage with stakeholders regarding the implementation of air cargo security programs established by the Administration.

(b) Leadership; Staffing.—The air cargo security division established pursuant to subsection (a) shall be headed by an individual in the executive service within the TSA and be staffed by not fewer than 4 full-time equivalents, including the head of the division.

(c) Staffing.—The Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall staff the air cargo security division with existing TSA personnel.

(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1943(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3584.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of title I of div. K of Pub. L. 115–254, which was approved Oct. 5, 2018.
49 U.S.C. § 41301 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 413 / Section 41301: Requirement for a permit
Requirement for a permit
Status: in_force

A foreign air carrier may provide foreign air transportation only if the foreign air carrier holds a permit issued under this chapter authorizing the foreign air transportation.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1126.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41301
49 App.:1372(a).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §402(a), 72 Stat. 757.

The word "provide" is substituted for "engage in" for consistency in the revised title. The word "holds" is substituted for "there is in force" to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 14916 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14916: Unlawful brokerage activities
Unlawful brokerage activities
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibited Activities.—A person may provide interstate brokerage services as a broker only if that person—

(1) is registered under, and in compliance with, section 13904; and

(2) has satisfied the financial security requirements under section 13906.

(b) Exceptions.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to—

(1) a non-vessel-operating common carrier (as defined in section 40102 of title 46) or an ocean freight forwarder (as defined in section 40102 of title 46) when arranging for inland transportation as part of an international through movement involving ocean transportation between the United States and a foreign port;

(2) a customs broker licensed in accordance with section 111.2 of title 19, Code of Federal Regulations, only to the extent that the customs broker is engaging in a movement under a customs bond or in a transaction involving customs business, as defined by section 111.1 of title 19, Code of Federal Regulations; or

(3) an indirect air carrier holding a Standard Security Program approved by the Transportation Security Administration, only to the extent that the indirect air carrier is engaging in the activities as an air carrier as defined in section 40102(2) or in the activities defined in section 40102(3).

(c) Civil Penalties and Private Cause of Action.—Any person who knowingly authorizes, consents to, or permits, directly or indirectly, either alone or in conjunction with any other person, a violation of subsection (a) is liable—

(1) to the United States Government for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $10,000 for each violation; and

(2) to the injured party for all valid claims incurred without regard to amount.

(d) Liable Parties.—The liability for civil penalties and for claims under this section for unauthorized brokering shall apply, jointly and severally—

(1) to any corporate entity or partnership involved; and

(2) to the individual officers, directors, and principals of such entities.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title II, §32919(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 827; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title V, §5508(a)(5), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1554.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 substituted section symbol for "SEC." before section designation.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 60128 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 601 / Section 60128: Dumping within pipeline rights-of-way
Dumping within pipeline rights-of-way
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition.—No person shall excavate for the purpose of unauthorized disposal within the right-of-way of an interstate gas pipeline facility or interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or any other limited area in the vicinity of any such interstate pipeline facility established by the Secretary of Transportation, and dispose solid waste therein.

(b) Definition.—For purposes of this section, the term "solid waste" has the meaning given that term in section 1004(27) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6903(27)).

(Added Pub. L. 104–304, §18(a), Oct. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 3804.)
49 U.S.C. § 5316 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 53 / Section 5316: Repealed. Pub. L. 112-141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622
Repealed. Pub. L. 112-141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622
Status: repealed

[§§5316, 5317. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622]

Section 5316, added Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3018(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1601, related to job access and reverse commute formula grants.

A prior section 5316, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §338(c)(5), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 605, related to university research institutes, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5110(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 444.

Section 5317, added Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3019(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1605, related to the New Freedom grant program to assist individuals with disabilities with public transportation.

A prior section 5317, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(14), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3390; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3029(b)(7), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 372, related to transportation centers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5110(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 444.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 20136 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20136: Automatic train control and related systems
Automatic train control and related systems
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations and issue orders to require that—

(1) an individual performing a test of an automatic train stop, train control, or cab signal apparatus required by the Secretary to be performed before entering territory where the apparatus will be used shall certify in writing that the test was performed properly; and

(2) the certification required under clause (1) of this section shall be maintained in the same way and place as the daily inspection report for the locomotive.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 875; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(19), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4379.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20136 
45:431(j). 
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, §202(j); added June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §9, 102 Stat. 628.

The words "Within 90 days after June 22, 1988" are omitted as expired.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:20136(2) to correct an error in the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 875).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Par. (2). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section" for "subsection".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 20131 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20131: Restricted access to rolling equipment
Restricted access to rolling equipment
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations and issue orders that may be necessary to require that when railroad carrier employees (except train or yard crews) assigned to inspect, test, repair, or service rolling equipment have to work on, under, or between that equipment, every manually operated switch, including each crossover switch, providing access to the track on which the equipment is located is lined against movement to that track and secured by an effective locking device that can be removed only by the class or craft of employees performing the inspection, testing, repair, or service.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 872.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20131 
45:431(g) (1st sentence cl. (1)). 
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, §202(g) (1st sentence cl. (1)); added July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–348, §5(b), 90 Stat. 820.

The words "within 180 days after July 8, 1976" are omitted as expired.
49 U.S.C. § 44906 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter I / Section 44906: Foreign air carrier security programs
Foreign air carrier security programs
Status: in_force

The Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall continue in effect the requirement of section 129.25 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, that a foreign air carrier must adopt and use a security program approved by the Administrator. The Administrator shall not approve a security program of a foreign air carrier under section 129.25, or any successor regulation, unless the security program requires the foreign air carrier in its operations to and from airports in the United States to adhere to the identical security measures that the Administrator requires air carriers serving the same airports to adhere to. The foregoing requirement shall not be interpreted to limit the ability of the Administrator to impose additional security measures on a foreign air carrier or an air carrier when the Administrator determines that a specific threat warrants such additional measures. The Administrator shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 104–132, title III, §322, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1254; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §101(f)(7), (9), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(d)(6), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3632.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44906(a)(1)
49 App.:1357(k) (1)–(3).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §316(k)(1)–(3); added Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, §105(a), 104 Stat. 3074.

  
49 App.:1357 (note).
Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–604, §105(c), 104 Stat. 3075.

The text of 49 App.:1357(k)(3) and the words "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act" in section 105(c) of the Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–604, 104 Stat. 3075) are omitted as obsolete.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–254 substituted "Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration" for "Under Secretary of Transportation for Security" and, wherever appearing, "Administrator" for "Under Secretary".

2001—Pub. L. 107–71 substituted "Under Secretary" for "Administrator" wherever appearing and "of Transportation for Security" for "of the Federal Aviation Administration".

1996—Pub. L. 104–132 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall continue in effect the requirement of section 129.25 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, that a foreign air carrier must adopt and use a security program approved by the Administrator. The Administrator may approve a security program of a foreign air carrier under section 129.25 only if the Administrator decides the security program provides passengers of the foreign air carrier a level of protection similar to the level those passengers would receive under the security programs of air carriers serving the same airport. The Administrator shall require a foreign air carrier to use procedures equivalent to those required of air carriers serving the same airport if the Administrator decides that the procedures are necessary to provide a level of protection similar to that provided passengers of the air carriers serving the same airport. The Administrator shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section."
49 U.S.C. § 44109 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 441 / Section 44109: Reporting transfer of ownership
Reporting transfer of ownership
Status: in_force

(a) Filing Notices.—A person having an ownership interest in an aircraft for which a certificate of registration was issued under section 44103 of this title shall file a notice with the Secretary of the Treasury that the Secretary requires by regulation, not later than 15 days after a sale, conditional sale, transfer, or conveyance of the interest.

(b) Exemptions.—The Secretary—

(1) shall prescribe regulations that establish guidelines for exempting a person or class from subsection (a) of this section; and

(2) may exempt a person or class under the regulations.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1166.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44109(a)
49 App.:1509(f).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1109(f); added Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §3401(d)(1), 100 Stat. 3207–101.

44109(b)
49 App.:1509 (note).
Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §3401(d)(2), 100 Stat. 3207–102.

In subsection (a), the text of 49 App.:1509(f) (last sentence) is omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "Within 30 days after the date of enactment of subsection (f) of section 1109 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 as added by this subsection" are omitted as obsolete.
49 U.S.C. § 46310 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46310: Reporting and recordkeeping violations
Reporting and recordkeeping violations
Status: in_force

(a) General Criminal Penalty.—An air carrier or an officer, agent, or employee of an air carrier shall be fined under title 18 for intentionally—

(1) failing to make a report or keep a record under this part;

(2) falsifying, mutilating, or altering a report or record under this part; or

(3) filing a false report or record under this part.

(b) Safety Regulation Criminal Penalty.—An air carrier or an officer, agent, or employee of an air carrier shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both, for intentionally falsifying or concealing a material fact, or inducing reliance on a false statement of material fact, in a report or record under section 44701(a) or (b) or any of sections 44702–44716 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1238; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(56), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4385.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46310
49 App.:1472(e).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §902(e), 72 Stat. 785; restated Sept. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–121, 101 Stat. 792.

In this section, the word "representative" is omitted as surplus. The words "account" and "memorandum" are omitted as being included in "record".

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "fined under title 18" are substituted for "fined not more than $5,000 in the case of an individual and not more than $10,000 in the case of a person other than an individual" for consistency in this section and with title 18.

In subsection (b), the words "or representation" are omitted a surplus.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:44711(a)(2)(B), (5), and (7) and 46310(b) to correct erroneous cross-references.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–429 inserted "any of sections" before "44702–44716".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 701 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 7 / Subchapter I / Section 701: Renumbered §§1301 to 1306
Renumbered §§1301 to 1306
Status: renumbered

[§§701 to 706. Renumbered §§1301 to 1306]
49 U.S.C. § 6314 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 63 / Section 6314: Port performance freight statistics program
Port performance freight statistics program
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Director shall establish, on behalf of the Secretary, a port performance statistics program to provide nationally consistent measures of performance of, at a minimum—

(1) the Nation's top 25 ports by tonnage;

(2) the Nation's top 25 ports by 20-foot equivalent unit; and

(3) the Nation's top 25 ports by dry bulk.

(b) Reports.—

(1) Port capacity and throughput.—Not later than January 15 of each year, the Director shall submit an annual report to Congress that includes statistics on capacity and throughput at the ports described in subsection (a).

(2) Port performance measures.—The Director shall collect port performance measures for each of the United States ports referred to in subsection (a) that—

(A) receives Federal assistance; or

(B) is subject to Federal regulation to submit necessary information to the Bureau that includes statistics on capacity and throughput as applicable to the specific configuration of the port.

(c) Recommendations.—

(1) In general.—The Director shall obtain recommendations for—

(A) port performance measures, including specifications and data measurements to be used in the program established under subsection (a); and

(B) a process for the Department to collect timely and consistent data, including identifying safeguards to protect proprietary information described in subsection (b)(2).

(2) Working group.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015, the Director shall commission a working group composed of—

(A) operating administrations of the Department;

(B) the Coast Guard;

(C) the Federal Maritime Commission;

(D) U.S. Customs and Border Protection;

(E) the Marine Transportation System National Advisory Council;

(F) the Army Corps of Engineers;

(G) the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation;

(H) the Bureau of Labor Statistics;

(I) the Maritime Advisory Committee for Occupational Safety and Health;

(J) the Advisory Committee on Supply Chain Competitiveness;

(K) 1 representative from the rail industry;

(L) 1 representative from the trucking industry;

(M) 1 representative from the maritime shipping industry;

(N) 1 representative from a labor organization for each industry described in subparagraphs (K) through (M);

(O) 1 representative from the International Longshoremen's Association;

(P) 1 representative from the International Longshore and Warehouse Union;

(Q) 1 representative from a port authority;

(R) 1 representative from a terminal operator;

(S) representatives of the National Freight Advisory Committee of the Department; and

(T) representatives of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

(3) Recommendations.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015, the working group commissioned under paragraph (2) shall submit its recommendations to the Director.

(d) Access to Data.—The Director shall ensure that—

(1) the statistics compiled under this section—

(A) are readily accessible to the public; and

(B) are consistent with applicable security constraints and confidentiality interests; and

(2) the data acquired, regardless of source, shall be protected in accordance with section 3572 of title 44.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6018(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1576; amended Pub. L. 115–435, title III, §302(c)(3)(B), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5553; Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title V, §512(c)(7)(A)(ii), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2757.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of the Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), (3), is the date of enactment of title VI of div. A of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (c)(2)(G). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation" for "Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation".

2019—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–435 substituted "section 3572 of title 44." for "the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note; Public Law 107–347)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–435 effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Transitional and Savings Provisions

For transitional and savings provisions related to the amendment of this section and other provisions of law by title III of Pub. L. 115–435, see section 302(d) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 3561 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.
49 U.S.C. § 60302 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 603 / Section 60302: User fees for underground natural gas storage facilities
User fees for underground natural gas storage facilities
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—A fee shall be imposed on an entity operating an underground natural gas storage facility subject to section 60141. Any such fee imposed shall be collected before the end of the fiscal year to which it applies.

(b) Means of Collection.—The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe procedures to collect fees under this section. The Secretary may use a department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government or of a State or local government to collect the fee and may reimburse the department, agency, or instrumentality a reasonable amount for its services.

(c) Use of Fees.—

(1) Account.—There is established an Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility Safety Account in the Pipeline Safety Fund established in the Treasury of the United States under section 60301.

(2) Use of fees.—A fee collected under this section—

(A) shall be deposited in the Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility Safety Account; and

(B) if the fee is related to an underground natural gas storage facility subject to section 60141, the amount of the fee may be used only for an activity related to underground natural gas storage facility safety.

(3) Limitation.—No fee may be collected under this section, except to the extent that the expenditure of such fee to pay the costs of an activity related to underground natural gas storage facility safety for which such fee is imposed is provided in advance in an appropriations Act.

(Added Pub. L. 114–183, §12(c), June 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 523.)
49 U.S.C. § 14703 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 147 / Section 14703: Enforcement by the Attorney General
Enforcement by the Attorney General
Status: in_force

The Attorney General may, and on request of either the Secretary or the Board shall, bring court proceedings—

(1) to enforce this part or a regulation or order of the Secretary or Board or terms of registration under this part; and

(2) to prosecute a person violating this part or a regulation or order of the Secretary or Board or term of registration under this part.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 905.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11703 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44708 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 447 / Section 44708: Inspecting and rating air navigation facilities
Inspecting and rating air navigation facilities
Status: in_force

The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may inspect, classify, and rate an air navigation facility available for the use of civil aircraft on the suitability of the facility for that use.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1190.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44708
49 App.:1426 (1st sentence).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §606 (1st sentence), 72 Stat. 779.

  
49 App.:1655(c)(1).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(c)(1), 80 Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), 96 Stat. 2444.

The word "Administrator" in section 606 (1st sentence) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85–726, 72 Stat. 779) is retained on authority of 49:106(g).
49 U.S.C. § 32501 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 325 / Section 32501: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to reduce economic loss resulting from damage to passenger motor vehicles involved in motor vehicle accidents by providing for the maintenance and enforcement of bumper standards.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1042.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

32501
15:1911.
Oct. 20, 1972, Pub. L. 92–513, §101, 86 Stat. 948.

The words "The Congress finds that it is necessary" are omitted as surplus. The word "maintenance" is substituted for "promulgation" for clarity.
49 U.S.C. § 47132 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 471 / Subchapter I / Section 47132: Repealed. Pub. L. 106-181, title I, §123(a)(1), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 74
Repealed. Pub. L. 106-181, title I, §123(a)(1), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 74
Status: repealed

[§47132. Repealed. Pub. L. 106–181, title I, §123(a)(1), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 74]

Section, added Pub. L. 104–264, title I, §142(a), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3221, temporarily directed the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to issue guidelines to carry out not more than 10 pavement maintenance pilot projects.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44915 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter I / Section 44915: Exemptions
Exemptions
Status: in_force

The Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may exempt from sections 44901, 44903(a)–(c) and (e), 44906, 44935, and 44936 of this title airports in Alaska served only by air carriers that—

(1) hold certificates issued under section 41102 of this title;

(2) operate aircraft with certificates for a maximum gross takeoff weight of less than 12,500 pounds; and

(3) board passengers, or load property intended to be carried in an aircraft cabin, that will be screened under section 44901 of this title at another airport in Alaska before the passengers board, or the property is loaded on, an aircraft for a place outside Alaska.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1215; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §101(f)(7), (9), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(d)(13), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3635.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44915
49 App.:1358.
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §317; added July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94–353, §17(a), 90 Stat. 882.

In clause (1), the word "issued" is substituted for "granted" for consistency in this part. The words "by the Civil Aeronautics Board" are omitted as surplus.

Clause (3) is substituted for 49 App.:1358 (words after 3d comma) for consistency in the revised title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–254 substituted "Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration" for "Under Secretary of Transportation for Security" in introductory provisions.

2001—Pub. L. 107–71 substituted "Under Secretary of Transportation for Security" for "Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration" in introductory provisions.
49 U.S.C. § 44814 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 448 / Section 44814: ASSUREd Safe credentialing authority
ASSUREd Safe credentialing authority
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a credentialing authority for the program of record of the Federal Aviation Administration (referred to in this section as "ASSUREd Safe") under the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

(b) Purposes.—ASSUREd Safe shall offer services throughout the United States, and to allies and partners of the United States, including—

(1) online and in-person standards, education, and testing for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by first responders for emergency and disaster management operations;

(2) uniform communications standards, operational standards, and reporting standards for civilian, military, and international allies and partners; and

(3) any other relevant standards development related to operation of unmanned aircraft systems, as determined appropriate by the Administrator.

(c) Coordination.—The Administrator shall ensure that the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems coordinates with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Federal Emergency Management Agency on establishment of ASSUREd Safe, and on any services offered by ASSUREd Safe.

(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title X, §1007(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1389.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 118–63, which was approved May 16, 2024.
49 U.S.C. § 41729 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter I / Section 41729: COVID-19 vaccination status
COVID-19 vaccination status
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—An air carrier (as such term is defined in section 40102) may not deny service to any individual solely based on the vaccination status of the individual with respect to COVID–19.

(b) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to the regulation of intrastate travel, transportation, or movement, including the intrastate transportation of passengers.

(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title XI, §1107(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1417.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 1107(a) of Pub. L. 118–63, which directed the addition of this section at end of this chapter, was executed by adding this section at the end of subchapter I of this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Rule of Construction

Pub. L. 118–63, title XI, §1107(c), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1417, provided that: "Nothing in this section [enacting this section], or the amendment made by this section, shall be construed to permit or otherwise authorize an executive agency to enact or otherwise impose a COVID–19 vaccine mandate."
49 U.S.C. § 24105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 241 / Section 24105: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-94, div. A, title XI, §11301(c)(2), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1648
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-94, div. A, title XI, §11301(c)(2), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1648
Status: repealed

[§24105. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11301(c)(2), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1648]

Section, Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title III, §302(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4947, related to congestion grants.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 44813 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 448 / Section 44813: Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall continue operation of the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (referred to in this section as the "Center").

(b) Responsibilities.—The Center shall carry out the following responsibilities:

(1) Conduct applied research and training on the safe and efficient integration of unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility into the national airspace system.

(2) Promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, the Federal Aviation Administration, Federal agency partners, and industry stakeholders (including manufacturers, operators, service providers, standards development organizations, carriers, and suppliers), with respect to the safe and efficient integration of unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility into the national airspace system.

(3) Establish goals set to advance technology, improve engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education with respect to the safe and efficient integration of unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility into the national airspace system.

(c) Program Participation.—The Administrator shall ensure the participation in the Center of institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) and research institutions that provide accredited bachelor's degree programs in aeronautical sciences that provide pathways to commercial pilot certifications and that include a focus on pilot training for women aviators.

(d) Leveraging of Certain Capacity and Capabilities.—The Administrator shall, in carrying out research necessary to validate consensus safety standards accepted pursuant to section 44805, to the maximum extent practicable, leverage the research and testing capacity and capabilities of—

(1) the Center;

(2) the test ranges designated under section 44803;

(3) existing Federal and non-Federal test ranges and testbeds;

(4) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and

(5) the William J. Hughes Technical Center for Advanced Aerospace.

(Added Pub. L. 118–63, title X, §1006(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1388.)
49 U.S.C. § 32504 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 325 / Section 32504: Certificates of compliance
Certificates of compliance
Status: in_force

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation, a manufacturer or distributor of a passenger motor vehicle or passenger motor vehicle equipment subject to a standard prescribed under section 32502 of this title shall give the distributor or dealer at the time of delivery a certificate that the vehicle or equipment complies with the standard.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1044.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

32504
15:1915(c).
Oct. 20, 1972, Pub. L. 92–513, §105(c), 86 Stat. 952.

The words "Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation" are substituted for 15:1915(c)(1) (last sentence) to eliminate unnecessary words. The text of 15:1915(c)(2) is omitted as surplus because this section only applies to a vehicle or equipment subject to a standard prescribed under section 32502 of the revised title, and a standard prescribed under that section does not apply to a vehicle or equipment intended only for export, labeled for export, and exported.
49 U.S.C. § 44937 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter II / Section 44937: Prohibition on transferring duties and powers
Prohibition on transferring duties and powers
Status: in_force

Except as specifically provided by law, the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may not transfer a duty or power under section 44903(a), (b), (c), or (e), 44906, 44912, 44935, 44936, or 44938(b)(3) of this title to another department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(57), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4385; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §101(f)(7), (9), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(d)(28), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3639.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44937
49 App.:1357(e)(1).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §316(e)(1); added Aug. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93–366, §202, 88 Stat. 417.

The word "otherwise" is omitted as surplus. The word "assigned" is omitted as being included in "transfer". The word "function" is omitted as being included in "duty or power". The words "department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government" are substituted for "Federal department or agency" for clarity and consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:44937 to correct an error in the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 1219).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–254 substituted "Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration" for "Under Secretary of Transportation for Security".

2001—Pub. L. 107–71 substituted "Under Secretary of Transportation for Security" for "Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration".

1994—Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "44906" for "44906(a)(1) or (b)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 16101 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 161 / Section 16101: General civil penalties
General civil penalties
Status: in_force

(a) General.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, a pipeline carrier providing transportation subject to this part, an officer or agent of that carrier, or a receiver, trustee, lessee, or agent of one of them, knowingly violating this part or an order of the Board under this part is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation. Liability under this subsection is incurred for each distinct violation. A separate violation occurs for each day the violation continues.

(b) Recordkeeping and Reporting.—

(1) Records.—A person required under chapter 157 to make, prepare, preserve, or submit to the Board a record concerning transportation subject to this part that does not make, prepare, preserve, or submit that record as required under that chapter, is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of $500 for each violation.

(2) Inspection.—A carrier providing transportation subject to this part, and a lessor, receiver, or trustee of that carrier, violating section 15722, is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of $100 for each violation.

(3) Reports.—A carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part, a lessor, receiver, or trustee of that carrier, and an officer, agent, or employee of one of them, required to make a report to the Board or answer a question that does not make the report or does not specifically, completely, and truthfully answer the question, is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of $100 for each violation.

(4) Continued violation.—A separate violation occurs for each day violation under this subsection continues.

(c) Venue.—Trial in a civil action under this section is in the judicial district in which the carrier has its principal operating office.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §106(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 930; amended Pub. L. 105–102, §2(16), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2205.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Pub. L. 105–102

This amends 49:16101 to redesignate subsection (d) as (c) because no subsection (c) was enacted.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11901 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Amendments

1997—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–102 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 60503 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 605 / Section 60503: Effect of enactment
Effect of enactment
Status: in_force

The enactment of the Act of October 17, 1978 (Public Law 95–473, 92 Stat. 1337), the Act of January 12, 1983 (Public Law 97–449, 96 Stat. 2413), and the Act enacting this section does not repeal, and has no substantive effect on, any right, obligation, liability, or remedy of an oil pipeline, including a right, obligation, liability, or remedy arising under the Interstate Commerce Act or the Act of August 29, 1916 (known as the Pomerene Bills of Lading Act), before any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government, an officer or employee of the Government, or a court of competent jurisdiction.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1329.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

60503
49:101 (note prec.).
Oct. 31, 1988, Pub. L. 100–561, §308, 102 Stat. 2817.

The words "the Act of January 12, 1983 (Public Law 97–449, 96 Stat. 2413), and the Act enacting this section" are added for clarity. The words "department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government" are substituted for "Federal department or agency", and the words "officer or employee" are substituted for "official", for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of October 17, 1978, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1337, the first section of which enacted subtitle IV of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Act of January 12, 1983, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 97–449, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2413, the first section of which enacted subtitles I and II of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Act enacting this section, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 103–272, July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 745, the first section of which enacted subtitles II, III, and V to X of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Interstate Commerce Act, referred to in text, is act Feb. 4, 1887, ch. 104, 24 Stat. 379, which was classified to chapters 1 (§1 et seq.), 8 (§301 et seq.), 12 (§901 et seq.), 13 (§1001 et seq.), and 19 (1231 et seq.) of former Title 49, Transportation. The Act was repealed by Pub. L. 95–473, §4(b), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1467, the first section of which enacted subtitle IV (§10101 et seq.) of Title 49, Transportation. For disposition of sections of former Title 49, see Table at the beginning of Title 49.

Act of August 29, 1916, referred to in text, is act Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 415, 39 Stat. 538, known as the Pomerene Bills of Lading Act, which was classified generally to chapter 4 (§81 et seq.) of former Title 49, and was repealed by Pub. L. 103–272, §7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379, and reenacted by the first section thereof as chapter 801 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 11162 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 111 / Subchapter IV / Section 11162: Rail carrier cost accounting system
Rail carrier cost accounting system
Status: in_force

(a) Each rail carrier shall have and maintain a cost accounting system that is in compliance with the rules promulgated by the Board under section 11161 of this title. A rail carrier may, after notifying the Board, make modifications in such system unless, within 60 days after the date of notification, the Board finds such modifications to be inconsistent with the rules promulgated by the Board under section 11161 of this title.

(b) For purposes of determining whether the cost accounting system of a rail carrier is in compliance with the rules promulgated by the Board, the Board shall have the right to examine and make copies of any documents, papers, or records of such rail carrier relating to compliance with such rules. Such documents, papers, and records (and any copies thereof) shall not be subject to the mandatory disclosure requirements of section 552 of title 5.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 836.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11164 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 11162, added Pub. L. 96–448, title III, §302(a), Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1935; amended Pub. L. 103–272, §4(j)(30), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1370, related to cost accounting principles, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 41767 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter III / Section 41767: Termination
Termination
Status: in_force

(a) Authority To Issue Federal Credit Instruments.—The authority of the Secretary of Transportation to issue Federal credit instruments under section 41763 shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this subchapter.

(b) Continuation of Authority To Administer Program for Existing Federal Credit Instruments.—On and after the termination date, the Secretary shall continue to administer the program established under this subchapter for Federal credit instruments issued under this subchapter before the termination date until all obligations associated with such instruments have been satisfied.

(Added Pub. L. 106–181, title II, §210(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 101.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this subchapter, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–181, which was approved Apr. 5, 2000.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 22706 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 227 / Section 22706: Review
Review
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall prescribe procedures for States to submit State rail plans for review under this title, including standardized format and data requirements. State rail plans completed before the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 that substantially meet the requirements of this chapter, as determined by the Secretary, shall be deemed by the Secretary to have met the requirements of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title III, §303(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4950.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of div. B of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.
49 U.S.C. § 41723 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter I / Section 41723: Notice concerning aircraft assembly
Notice concerning aircraft assembly
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall require, beginning after the last day of the 18-month period following the date of enactment of this section, an air carrier using an aircraft to provide scheduled passenger air transportation to display a notice, on an information placard available to each passenger on the aircraft, that informs the passengers of the nation in which the aircraft was finally assembled.

(Added Pub. L. 108–176, title VIII, §810(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2590.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–176, which was approved Dec. 12, 2003.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 30303 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 303 / Section 30303: State participation
State participation
Status: in_force

(a) Notification.—A State may become a participating State under this chapter by notifying the Secretary of Transportation of its intention to be bound by section 30304 of this title.

(b) Withdrawal.—A participating State may end its status as a participating State by notifying the Secretary of its withdrawal from participation in the National Driver Register.

(c) Form and Way of Notification.—Notification by a State under this section shall be made in the form and way the Secretary prescribes by regulation.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 974.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

30303
23:401 (note).
Oct. 25, 1982, Pub. L. 97–364, §204, 96 Stat. 1742.

In subsection (c), the words "in the form and way" are substituted for "in such form, and according to such procedures" to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 80306 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 803 / Section 80306: Relationship to other laws
Relationship to other laws
Status: in_force

(a) Chapter as Additional Law.—This chapter is in addition to another law—

(1) imposing, or authorizing the compromise of, fines, penalties, or forfeitures; or

(2) providing for seizure, condemnation, or disposition of forfeited property, or the proceeds from the property.

(b) Laws Applicable to Seizures and Forfeitures.—To the extent applicable and consistent with this chapter, the following apply to a seizure or forfeiture under this chapter:

(1) provisions of law related to the seizure, forfeiture, and condemnation of vehicles and vessels violating the customs laws.

(2) provisions of law related to the disposition of those vehicles or vessels or the proceeds from the sale of those vehicles or vessels.

(3) provisions of law related to the compromise of those forfeitures or claims related to those forfeitures.

(4) provisions of law related to the award of compensation to an informer about those forfeitures.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1355.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

80306(a)
49 App.:786.
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §§4 (less proviso), 6, 53 Stat. 1292.

80306(b)
49 App.:784 (less proviso).

In subsections (a)(1) and (b)(3), the word "compromise" is substituted for "remission or mitigation" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "in addition to another law" are substituted for "shall be construed to be supplemental to, and not to impair in any way, existing provisions of law" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "under this chapter" are substituted for "incurred, or alleged to have been incurred, under the provisions of this chapter" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (1), the word "forfeiture" is substituted for "summary and judicial forfeiture" to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 24314 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 243 / Section 24314: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-134, title IV, §404, Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2586
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-134, title IV, §404, Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2586
Status: repealed

[§24314. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–134, title IV, §404, Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2586]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(48), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3393, related to Amtrak developing plan for demonstrating new technology that may increase train speed in intercity rail passenger system.
49 U.S.C. § 40126 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 401 / Section 40126: Severable services contracts for periods crossing fiscal years
Severable services contracts for periods crossing fiscal years
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may enter into a contract for procurement of severable services for a period that begins in 1 fiscal year and ends in the next fiscal year if (without regard to any option to extend the period of the contract) the contract period does not exceed 1 year.

(b) Obligation of Funds.—Funds made available for a fiscal year may be obligated for the total amount of a contract entered into under the authority of subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 106–181, title VII, §705(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 157.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 45304 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 453 / Section 45304: Maximum fees for private person services
Maximum fees for private person services
Status: in_force

The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may establish maximum fees that private persons may charge for services performed under a delegation to the person under section 44702(d) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1225, §45303; renumbered §45304, Pub. L. 104–264, title II, §276(a)(1), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3247.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

45303
49 App.:1355(a) (last sentence related to fees).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §314(a) (last sentence related to fees), 72 Stat. 754.

  
49 App.:1655(c)(1).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(c)(1), 80 Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), 96 Stat. 2444.

In this section, the word "Administrator" in section 314(a) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (Public Law 85–726, 72 Stat. 754) is retained on authority of 49:106(g). The words "services performed under a delegation to the person under section 44702(d) of this title" are substituted for "their services" because of the restatement.
49 U.S.C. § 41721 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter I / Section 41721: Reports by carriers on incidents involving animals during air transport
Reports by carriers on incidents involving animals during air transport
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—An air carrier that provides scheduled passenger air transportation shall submit monthly to the Secretary a report on any incidents involving the loss, injury, or death of an animal (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation) during air transport provided by the air carrier. The report shall be in such form and contain such information as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(b) Training of Air Carrier Employees.—The Secretary shall work with air carriers to improve the training of employees with respect to the air transport of animals and the notification of passengers of the conditions under which the air transport of animals is conducted.

(c) Sharing of Information.—The Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture shall enter into a memorandum of understanding to ensure the sharing of information that the Secretary receives under subsection (a).

(d) Publication of Data.—The Secretary shall publish data on incidents and complaints involving the loss, injury, or death of an animal during air transport in a manner comparable to other consumer complaint and incident data.

(e) Air Transport.—For purposes of this section, the air transport of an animal includes the entire period during which an animal is in the custody of an air carrier, from check-in of the animal prior to departure until the animal is returned to the owner or guardian of the animal at the final destination of the animal.

(Added Pub. L. 106–181, title VII, §710(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 159.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 46307 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46307: Violation of national defense airspace
Violation of national defense airspace
Status: in_force

A person that knowingly or willfully violates section 40103(b)(3) of this title or a regulation prescribed or order issued under section 40103(b)(3) shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1237.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46307
49 App.:1523.
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §1203, 72 Stat. 800.

The words "In addition to the penalties otherwise provided for by this chapter" are omitted as surplus. The word "prescribed" is added for consistency in the revised title. The words "fined under title 18" are substituted for "a fine of not exceeding $10,000", and the words "shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor" are omitted, for consistency with title 18. The words "and upon conviction thereof" and "such fine and imprisonment" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 30168 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 301 / Subchapter IV / Section 30168: Repealed. Pub. L. 112-141, div. C, title I, §31204(b)(2)(B), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 760
Repealed. Pub. L. 112-141, div. C, title I, §31204(b)(2)(B), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 760
Status: repealed

[§30168. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31204(b)(2)(B), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 760]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 971; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(58), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3394, related to research, testing, development, and training.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 16104 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 161 / Section 16104: Disobedience to subpenas
Disobedience to subpenas
Status: in_force

Whoever does not obey a subpena or requirement of the Board to appear and testify or produce records shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §106(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 931.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11913 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 47526 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter II / Section 47526: Limitations for noncomplying airport noise and access restrictions
Limitations for noncomplying airport noise and access restrictions
Status: in_force

Unless the Secretary of Transportation is satisfied that an airport is not imposing an airport noise or access restriction not in compliance with this subchapter, the airport may not—

(1) receive money under subchapter I of chapter 471 of this title; or

(2) impose a passenger facility charge under section 40117 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1291; Pub. L. 112–95, title I, §111(c)(2)(A)(viii), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 18.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47526
49 App.:2156.
Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, §9307, 104 Stat. 1388–382.

In this section, before clause (1), the words "Under no conditions" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "or collect" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Par. (2). Pub. L. 112–95 substituted "charge" for "fee".
49 U.S.C. § 41306 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 413 / Section 41306: Simplified procedure to apply for, amend, modify, and suspend permits
Simplified procedure to apply for, amend, modify, and suspend permits
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations.—The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations that simplify the procedure for—

(1) acting on an application for a permit to provide foreign air transportation under section 41302 of this title; and

(2) amending, modifying, or suspending any part of that permit under section 41304(a) or (b) of this title.

(b) Notice and Opportunity To Respond.—Regulations under this section shall provide for notice and an opportunity for each interested person to file appropriate written evidence and argument. An oral evidentiary hearing is not required to be provided under this section.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1128.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41306(a)
49 App.:1372(h) (1st sentence).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §402(h); added Oct. 24, 1978, Pub. L. 95–504, §21(b)(1), 92 Stat. 1723.

  
49 App.:1551(b)(1)(E).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1601(b)(1)(E); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, §3(e), 98 Stat. 1704.

41306(b)
49 App.:1372(h) (last sentence).

In subsection (a)(1), the words "acting on" are substituted for "disposition of" for consistency. The word "provide" is substituted for "engage in" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (a)(2), the word "alteration" is omitted as surplus. The word "transfer" is omitted because 49 App.:1372(f) does not cover transfer of a permit.

In subsection (b), the word "adequate" is omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 48106 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 481 / Section 48106: Airway science curriculum grants
Airway science curriculum grants
Status: in_force

Amounts are available from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund established under section 9502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9502) to carry out section 44510 1 of this title. The amounts remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1296.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

48106
49 App.:1354a (2d sentence).
Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–516, (2d sentence in par. under heading "Facilities and Equipment"), 104 Stat. 2160.

  

Oct. 28, 1991, Pub. L. 102–143, (2d sentence in par. under heading "Facilities and Equipment"), 105 Stat. 922.

  

Oct. 6, 1992, Pub. L. 102–388, (2d sentence in par. under heading "Facilities and Equipment"), 106 Stat. 1526.

This section is substituted for the source provisions for clarity and because of the restatement.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 44510 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, §401(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1148.

1 See References in Text note below.
49 U.S.C. § 20138 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20138: Tampering with safety and operational monitoring devices
Tampering with safety and operational monitoring devices
Status: in_force

(a) General.—The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations and issue orders to prohibit the willful tampering with, or disabling of, any specified railroad safety or operational monitoring device.

(b) Penalties.—(1) A railroad carrier operating a train on which a safety or operational monitoring device is tampered with or disabled in violation of a regulation prescribed or order issued under subsection (a) of this section is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty under section 21301 of this title.

(2) An individual tampering with or disabling a safety or operational monitoring device in violation of a regulation prescribed or order issued under subsection (a) of this section, or knowingly operating or allowing to be operated a train on which such a device has been tampered with or disabled, is liable for penalties established by the Secretary. The penalties may include—

(A) a civil penalty under section 21301 of this title;

(B) suspension from work; and

(C) suspension or loss of a license or certification issued under section 20135 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 876.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20138 
45:431(o). 
Oct 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, §202(o); added June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §21, 102 Stat. 638; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102–365, §2(3), 106 Stat. 972.

In subsection (a), the words "within 90 days after June 22, 1988" are omitted as expired.

In subsection (b), the words "by another person" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 15506 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 155 / Section 15506: Facilities for interchange of traffic
Facilities for interchange of traffic
Status: in_force

A pipeline carrier providing transportation subject to this part shall provide reasonable, proper, and equal facilities that are within its power to provide for the interchange of traffic between, and for the receiving, forwarding, and delivering of property to and from, its respective line and a connecting line of a pipeline, rail, or water carrier under this subtitle.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §106(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 924.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10742 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 13705 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 137 / Section 13705: Requirements for through routes among motor carriers of passengers
Requirements for through routes among motor carriers of passengers
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment; Reasonableness.—A motor carrier providing transportation of passengers subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 shall establish through routes with other carriers of the same type and shall establish individual and joint rates applicable to them. Such through route must be reasonable.

(b) Prescribed by Board.—When the Board finds it necessary to enforce the requirements of this section, the Board may prescribe through routes and the conditions under which those routes must be operated for motor carriers providing transportation of passengers subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 872.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 10703 and 10705 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 20306 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 203 / Section 20306: Exemption for technological improvements
Exemption for technological improvements
Status: in_force

(a) General.—Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation may exempt from the requirements of this chapter railroad equipment or equipment that will be operated on rails, when those requirements preclude the development or implementation of more efficient railroad transportation equipment or other transportation innovations under existing law.

(b) Conditions for Exemption.—The Secretary may grant an exemption under subsection (a) of this section only on the basis of—

(1) findings based on evidence developed at a hearing; or

(2) an agreement between national railroad labor representatives and the developer of the new equipment or technology.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 883.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20306
45:1013.
May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §117, 94 Stat. 406.

In subsection (a), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" and "the mandatory requirements of" are omitted as surplus. The words "existing law" are substituted for "the existing statutes" for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (b), the words before clause (1) are added because of the restatement. Clause (1) is substituted for "after a hearing and consistent with findings based upon evidence developed therein" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (2), the words "an agreement" are substituted for "expressions of agreement" to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 20132 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20132: Visible markers for rear cars
Visible markers for rear cars
Status: in_force

(a) General.—The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations and issue orders that may be necessary to require that—

(1) the rear car of each passenger and commuter train has at least one highly visible marker that is lighted during darkness and when weather conditions restrict clear visibility; and

(2) the rear car of each freight train has highly visible markers during darkness and when weather conditions restrict clear visibility.

(b) Preemption.—Notwithstanding section 20106 of this title, subsection (a) of this section does not prohibit a State from continuing in force a law, regulation, or order in effect on July 8, 1976, related to lighted markers on the rear car of a freight train except to the extent it would cause the car to be in violation of this section.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 873.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20132(a) 
45:431(g) (1st sentence cls. (2), (3)). 
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, §202(g) (1st sentence cls. (2), (3), last sentence); added July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–348, §5(b), 90 Stat. 820.

20132(b) 
45:431(g) (last sentence).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "within 180 days after July 8, 1976" are omitted as expired.
49 U.S.C. § 46504 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 465 / Section 46504: Interference with flight crew members and attendants
Interference with flight crew members and attendants
Status: in_force

An individual on an aircraft in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States who, by assaulting or intimidating a flight crew member or flight attendant of the aircraft, interferes with the performance of the duties of the member or attendant or lessens the ability of the member or attendant to perform those duties, or attempts or conspires to do such an act, shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. However, if a dangerous weapon is used in assaulting or intimidating the member or attendant, the individual shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 107–56, title VIII, §811(i), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 382.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46504
49 App.:1472(j).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §902(j); added Sept. 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87–197, §1, 75 Stat. 466; Oct. 14, 1970, Pub. L. 91–449, §1(3), 84 Stat. 921.

The words "or threatens" are omitted as being included in "intimidating". The words "(including any steward or stewardess)" are omitted as being included in "attendant". The words "fined under title 18" are substituted for "fined not more than $10,000" for consistency with title 18. The words "deadly or" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–56 inserted "or attempts or conspires to do such an act," before "shall be fined under title 18,".
49 U.S.C. § 5567 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 55 / Subchapter II / Section 5567: Preference for preserving buildings of historic or architectural significance
Preference for preserving buildings of historic or architectural significance
Status: in_force

Amtrak shall give preference to the use of rail passenger terminal facilities that will preserve buildings of historic or architectural significance.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 854.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5567 
49 App.:1653(i)(7). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(7); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

The word "Amtrak" is substituted for "The National Railroad Passenger Corporation" for consistency in the revised title. The words "rail passenger terminal" are substituted for "station" for consistency in this chapter. The word "or" is substituted for "and" for consistency with the source provisions being restated in section 5562(a)(3) of the revised title.
49 U.S.C. § 14506 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 145 / Section 14506: Identification of vehicles
Identification of vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Restriction on Requirements.—No State, political subdivision of a State, interstate agency, or other political agency of two or more States may enact or enforce any law, rule, regulation standard, or other provision having the force and effect of law that requires a motor carrier, motor private carrier, freight forwarder, or leasing company to display any form of identification on or in a commercial motor vehicle (as defined in section 14504a), other than forms of identification required by the Secretary of Transportation under section 390.21 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.

(b) Exception.—Notwithstanding subsection (a), a State may continue to require display of credentials that are required—

(1) under the International Registration Plan under section 31704;

(2) under the International Fuel Tax Agreement under section 31705 or under an applicable State law if, on October 1, 2006, the State has a form of highway use taxation not subject to collection through the International Fuel Tax Agreement;

(3) under a State law regarding motor vehicle license plates or other displays that the Secretary determines are appropriate;

(4) in connection with Federal requirements for hazardous materials transportation under section 5103; or

(5) in connection with the Federal vehicle inspection standards under section 31136.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4306(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1773; amended Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §301(q), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1617.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–244 inserted "or under an applicable State law if, on October 1, 2006, the State has a form of highway use taxation not subject to collection through the International Fuel Tax Agreement" before semicolon at end.
49 U.S.C. § 28504 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 285 / Section 28504: Applicability of other laws
Applicability of other laws
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit a rail transportation provider's right under section 28103(b) to enter into contracts that allocate financial responsibility for claims.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title IV, §401(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4956.)
49 U.S.C. § 24323 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 243 / Section 24323: Prohibition on smoking on Amtrak trains
Prohibition on smoking on Amtrak trains
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition.—Beginning on the date of enactment of this section, Amtrak shall prohibit smoking, including the use of electronic cigarettes, onboard all Amtrak trains.

(b) Electronic Cigarette Defined.—In this section, the term "electronic cigarette" means a device that delivers nicotine or other substances to a user of the device in the form of a vapor that is inhaled to simulate the experience of smoking.

(Added Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title II, §22209(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 707.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of title II of div. B of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.
49 U.S.C. § 41748 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter II / Section 41748: Repealed. Pub. L. 118-63, title V, §561(l), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1217
Repealed. Pub. L. 118-63, title V, §561(l), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1217
Status: repealed

[§41748. Repealed. Pub. L. 118–63, title V, §561(l), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1217]

Section, added Pub. L. 108–176, title IV, §410(b), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2548, established a marketing incentive program for eligible places that received subsidized service by an air carrier under section 41733.

Another section 410(b) of Pub. L. 108–176 amended the table of sections at the beginning of this chapter.
49 U.S.C. § 14905 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14905: Penalties for violations of rules relating to loading and unloading motor vehicles
Penalties for violations of rules relating to loading and unloading motor vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) Civil Penalties.—Whoever knowingly authorizes, consents to, or permits a violation of subsection (a) or (b) of section 14103 or who knowingly violates subsection (a) of such section is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each violation.

(b) Criminal Penalties.—Whoever knowingly violates section 14103(b) of this title shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 916.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11902a of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 41908 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 419 / Section 41908: Effect on foreign postal arrangements
Effect on foreign postal arrangements
Status: in_force

This part does not—

(1) affect an arrangement made by the United States Government with the postal administration of a foreign country related to the transportation of mail by aircraft; or

(2) impair the authority of the United States Postal Service to make such an arrangement.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1157, §41912; renumbered §41908, Pub. L. 110–405, §2(b)(7)(B), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4289.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41912
49 App.:1375(e)(1).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §405(e)(1), 72 Stat. 761.

In clause (1), the words "abrogate or" are omitted as being included in "affect".

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 41908, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1156, related to prices for transporting mail of foreign countries, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–405, §2(b)(7)(A), (c), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4289, 4290, effective Oct. 1, 2008.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–405, which directed the amendment of this chapter by renumbering section 49112 as this section, was executed by renumbering section 41912 of this title as this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
49 U.S.C. § 31302 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 313 / Section 31302: Commercial driver's license requirement
Commercial driver's license requirement
Status: in_force

No individual shall operate a commercial motor vehicle without a valid commercial driver's license issued in accordance with section 31308. An individual operating a commercial motor vehicle may have only one driver's license at any time and may have only one learner's permit at any time.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1015; Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4011(b)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 407; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4122(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1734.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31302
49 App.:2701.
Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12002, 100 Stat. 3207–170.

The words "Effective July 1, 1987" are omitted as executed. The words after "issued a driver's license" are omitted as expired.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 inserted "and may have only one learner's permit at any time" before period at end.

1998—Pub. L. 105–178 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "An individual operating a commercial motor vehicle may have only one driver's license at any time, except during the 10-day period beginning on the date the individual is issued a driver's license."
49 U.S.C. § 20149 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20149: Coordination with the Department of Labor
Coordination with the Department of Labor
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall consult with the Secretary of Labor on a regular basis to ensure that all applicable laws affecting safe working conditions for railroad employees are appropriately enforced to ensure a safe and productive working environment for the railroad industry.

(Added Pub. L. 103–440, title II, §213(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4623.)
49 U.S.C. § 20145 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20145: Report on bridge displacement detection systems
Report on bridge displacement detection systems
Status: in_force

Not later than 18 months after November 2, 1994, the Secretary of Transportation shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report concerning any action that has been taken by the Secretary on railroad bridge displacement detection systems.

(Added Pub. L. 103–440, title II, §207(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4621; amended Pub. L. 104–287, §5(48), (49), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3393.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "November 2, 1994" for "the date of enactment of the Federal Railroad Safety Authorization Act of 1994" and "Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Committee on Energy and Commerce".
49 U.S.C. § 24322 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 243 / Section 24322: Rolling stock purchases
Rolling stock purchases
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Prior to entering into any contract in excess of $100,000,000 for rolling stock and locomotive procurements Amtrak shall submit a business case analysis to the Secretary of Transportation, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, on the utility of such procurements.

(b) Contents.—The business case analysis shall—

(1) include a cost and benefit comparison that describes the total lifecycle costs and the anticipated benefits related to revenue, operational efficiency, reliability, and other factors;

(2) set forth the total payments by fiscal year;

(3) identify the specific source and amounts of funding for each payment, including Federal funds, State funds, Amtrak profits, Federal, State, or private loans or loan guarantees, and other funding;

(4) include an explanation of whether any payment under the contract will increase Amtrak's funding request in its general and legislative annual report required under section 24315(b) in a particular fiscal year; and

(5) describe how Amtrak will adjust the procurement if future funding is not available.

(c) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring Amtrak to disclose confidential information regarding a potential vendor's proposed pricing or other sensitive business information prior to contract execution or prohibiting Amtrak from entering into a contract after submission of a business case analysis under subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11208(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1639.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 46320 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46320: Interference with wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort by operation of unmanned aircraft
Interference with wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort by operation of unmanned aircraft
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b), an individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and in so doing knowingly or recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $20,000.

(b) Exceptions.—This section does not apply to the operation of an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law enforcement, or emergency response.

(c) Compromise and Setoff.—

(1) Compromise.—The United States Government may compromise the amount of a civil penalty imposed under this section.

(2) Setoff.—The United States Government may deduct the amount of a civil penalty imposed or compromised under this section from the amounts the Government owes the person liable for the penalty.

(d) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Wildfire.—The term "wildfire" has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act (42 U.S.C. 1856m).

(2) Wildfire suppression.—The term "wildfire suppression" means an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.

(Added Pub. L. 114–190, title II, §2205(a), July 15, 2016, 130 Stat. 630.)
49 U.S.C. § 20116 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter I / Section 20116: Rulemaking process
Rulemaking process
Status: in_force

No rule or order issued by the Secretary under this part shall be effective if it incorporates by reference a code, rule, standard, requirement, or practice issued by an association or other entity that is not an agency of the Federal Government, unless—

(1) the date on which the code, rule, standard, requirement, or practice was adopted is specifically cited in the rule or order; or

(2) the code, rule, standard, requirement, or practice has been subject to notice and comment under a rule or order issued under this part.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title I, §107(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4859; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11316(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1676.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 20116, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 871; amended Pub. L. 103–440, title II, §206(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4620, related to biennial safety reports prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(g)(1), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "unless—" for "unless", inserted par. (1) designation before "the date", substituted "order; or" for "order, or" in par. (1), inserted par. (2) designation before "the code, rule, standard, requirement, or practice has been subject to notice and comment under a rule or order issued under this part.", and realigned margins.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 13708 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 137 / Section 13708: Billing and collecting practices
Billing and collecting practices
Status: in_force

(a) Disclosure.—A motor carrier subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 shall disclose, when a document is presented or electronically transmitted for payment to the person responsible directly to the motor carrier for payment or agent of such responsible person, the actual rates, charges, or allowances for any transportation service and shall also disclose, at such time, whether and to whom any allowance or reduction in charges is made.

(b) False or Misleading Information.—No person may cause a motor carrier to present false or misleading information on a document about the actual rate, charge, or allowance to any party to the transaction.

(c) Allowances for Services.—When the actual rate, charge, or allowance is dependent upon the performance of a service by a party to the transportation arrangement, such as tendering a volume of freight over a stated period of time, the motor carrier shall indicate in any document presented for payment to the person responsible directly to the motor carrier that a reduction, allowance, or other adjustment may apply.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 873.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10767 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 45101 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 451 / Section 45101: Definition
Definition
Status: in_force

In this chapter, "controlled substance" means any substance under section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802) specified by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1221.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

45101
49 App.:1434(f).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §614(f); added Oct. 28, 1991, Pub. L. 102–143, §3(a), 105 Stat. 956.
49 U.S.C. § 31161 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 311 / Subchapter IV / Section 31161: International cooperation
International cooperation
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to use funds made available by section 31110 to participate and cooperate in international activities to enhance motor carrier, commercial motor vehicle, driver, and highway safety by such means as exchanging information, conducting research, and examining needs, best practices, and new technology.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4119(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1733; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title V, §5103(c)(3), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1527.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 31161 and 31162 were repealed by Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4010, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 407.

Section 31161, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1013, related to procedures to ensure timely correction of safety violations.

Section 31162, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1014, related to compliance review priority.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "section 31110" for "section 31104(i)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 11702 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 117 / Section 11702: Enforcement by the Board
Enforcement by the Board
Status: in_force

The Board may bring a civil action—

(1) to enjoin a rail carrier from violating sections 10901 through 10906 of this title, or a regulation prescribed or order or certificate issued under any of those sections;

(2) to enforce subchapter II of chapter 113 of this title and to compel compliance with an order of the Board under that subchapter; and

(3) to enforce an order of the Board, except a civil action to enforce an order for the payment of money, when it is violated by a rail carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 845.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11702, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1450; Pub. L. 96–296, §§15(c), 16(c), July 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 809, 810; Pub. L. 97–261, §25(e), Sept. 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 1125; Pub. L. 98–554, title II, §226(c)(5), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2851; Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9111(j), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4534, related to authority of Interstate Commerce Commission to bring a civil action to enforce various provisions of this subtitle, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 11702, 14702, and 15902 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 41765 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter III / Section 41765: Administrative expenses
Administrative expenses
Status: in_force

In carrying out this subchapter, the Secretary shall use funds made available by appropriations to the Department of Transportation for the purpose of administration, in addition to the proceeds of any fees collected under this subchapter, to cover administrative expenses of the Federal credit instrument program under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 106–181, title II, §210(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 101.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 48109 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 481 / Section 48109: Submission of budget information and legislative recommendations and comments
Submission of budget information and legislative recommendations and comments
Status: in_force

When the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration submits to the Secretary of Transportation, the President, or the Director of the Office of Management and Budget any budget information, legislative recommendation, or comment on legislation about amounts authorized in section 48101 or 48102 of this title, the Administrator concurrently shall submit a copy of the information, recommendation, or comment to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Appropriations of the House, the President of the Senate, and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Appropriations of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 104–287, §5(9), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3389.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

48109
49 App.:2205(f).
Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, §506(f), 96 Stat. 679.

The words "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" are substituted for "Office of Management and Budget" because of 31:502(a). The words "or transmits . . . budget estimate, budget request, supplemental budget estimate, or other" and "thereof" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–287 substituted "Transportation and Infrastructure" for "Public Works and Transportation".
49 U.S.C. § 1322 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 13 / Subchapter II / Section 1322: Board action
Board action
Status: in_force

(a) Effective Date of Actions.—Unless otherwise provided in subtitle IV, the Board may determine, within a reasonable time, when its actions, other than an action ordering the payment of money, take effect.

(b) Terminating and Changing Actions.—An action of the Board remains in effect under its own terms or until superseded. The Board may change, suspend, or set aside any such action on notice. Notice may be given in a manner determined by the Board. A court of competent jurisdiction may suspend or set aside any such action.

(c) Reconsidering Actions.—The Board may, at any time on its own initiative because of material error, new evidence, or substantially changed circumstances—

(1) reopen a proceeding;

(2) grant rehearing, reargument, or reconsideration of an action of the Board; or

(3) change an action of the Board.

An interested party may petition to reopen and reconsider an action of the Board under this subsection under regulations of the Board.

(d) Finality of Actions.—Notwithstanding subtitle IV, an action of the Board under this section is final on the date on which it is served, and a civil action to enforce, enjoin, suspend, or set aside the action may be filed after that date.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title II, §201(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 936, §722; renumbered §1322, Pub. L. 114–110, §3(a)(5), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–110 renumbered section 722 of this title as this section.
49 U.S.C. § 20150 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20150: Positive train control system progress report
Positive train control system progress report
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall submit a report to the Congress on the development, deployment, and demonstration of positive train control systems by December 31, 1995.

(Added Pub. L. 103–440, title II, §214(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4623.)
49 U.S.C. § 80305 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 803 / Section 80305: Availability of certain appropriations
Availability of certain appropriations
Status: in_force

Appropriations for enforcing customs, narcotics, counterfeiting, or internal revenue laws are available to carry out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1355.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

80305
49 App.:785.
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §5, 53 Stat. 1292.

The words "which has been or shall hereafter be made" and "for the defraying of expenses of" are omitted as surplus. The National Firearms Act referred to in the source provision has been repealed and replaced by chapter 53 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.). A specific reference to chapter 53 is unnecessary because of the reference to the internal revenue laws.
49 U.S.C. § 24318 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 243 / Section 24318: Costs and revenues
Costs and revenues
Status: in_force

(a) Allocation.—Amtrak shall establish and maintain internal controls to ensure Amtrak's costs, revenues, and other compensation are appropriately allocated to the Northeast Corridor, including train services or infrastructure, or the National Network, including proportional shares of common and fixed costs.

(b) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the ability of Amtrak to enter into an agreement with 1 or more States to allocate operating and capital costs under section 209 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (49 U.S.C. 24101 note).

(c) Definition of Northeast Corridor.—Notwithstanding section 24102, for purposes of this section, the term "Northeast Corridor" means the Northeast Corridor main line between Boston, Massachusetts, and the District of Columbia, and facilities and services used to operate and maintain that line.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11202(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1628; amended Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title II, §22206(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 700.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 209 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 209 of div. B of Pub. L. 110–432, which is set out as a note under section 24101 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–58 struck out "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Reform and Investment Act of 2015," before "Amtrak".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 14909 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14909: Disobedience to subpoenas
Disobedience to subpoenas
Status: in_force

Whoever does not obey a subpoena or requirement of the Secretary or the Board to appear and testify or produce records shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 917.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11913 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 47127 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 471 / Subchapter I / Section 47127: Ground transportation demonstration projects
Ground transportation demonstration projects
Status: in_force

(a) General Authority.—To improve the airport and airway system of the United States consistent with regional airport system plans financed under section 13(b) of the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970, the Secretary of Transportation may carry out ground transportation demonstration projects to improve ground access to air carrier airport terminals. The Secretary may carry out a demonstration project independently or by grant or contract, including an agreement with another department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government.

(b) Priority.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall give priority to a demonstration project that—

(1) affects an airport in an area with an operating regional rapid transit system with existing facilities reasonably near the airport;

(2) includes connection of the airport terminal to that system;

(3) is consistent with and supports a regional airport system plan adopted by the planning agency for the region and submitted to the Secretary; and

(4) improves access to air transportation for individuals residing or working in the region by encouraging the optimal balance of use of airports in the region.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1277.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47127(a)
49 App.:1713a(1).
July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94–353, §23(a), 90 Stat. 884.

47127(b)
49 App.:1713a(2).

In subsection (a), the words "To improve" are substituted for "which he determines will assist the improvement of" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b)(2), the word "facilities" is omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 13(b) of the Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 13(b) of Pub. L. 91–258, which was classified to section 1713(b) of former Title 49, Transportation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–248, title V, §523(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 695.
49 U.S.C. § 11142 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11142: Uniform accounting system
Uniform accounting system
Status: in_force

The Board may prescribe a uniform accounting system for classes of rail carriers providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part. To the maximum extent practicable, the Board shall conform such system to generally accepted accounting principles, and shall administer this subchapter in accordance with such principles.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 834.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11142, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1425; Pub. L. 96–448, title III, §301, Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1934, related to uniform accounting system, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 727 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 7 / Subchapter II / Section 727: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-110, §3(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-110, §3(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228
Status: repealed

[§727. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–110, §3(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228]

Section, Pub. L. 104–88, title II, §201(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 940, related to definitions for this chapter.
49 U.S.C. § 20147 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20147: Warning of civil liability
Warning of civil liability
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall encourage railroad carriers to warn the public about potential liability for violation of regulations related to vandalism of railroad signs, devices, and equipment and to trespassing on railroad property.

(Added Pub. L. 103–440, title II, §211(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4622.)
49 U.S.C. § 41747 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter II / Section 41747: Repealed. Pub. L. 112-95, title IV, §430, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 100
Repealed. Pub. L. 112-95, title IV, §430, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 100
Status: repealed

[§41747. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–95, title IV, §430, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 100]

Section, added Pub. L. 108–176, title IV, §408(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2546, related to the EAS local participation program.
49 U.S.C. § 30124 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 301 / Subchapter II / Section 30124: Nonuse of safety belts
Nonuse of safety belts
Status: in_force

A motor vehicle safety standard prescribed under this chapter may not require a manufacturer to comply with the standard by using a safety belt interlock designed to prevent starting or operating a motor vehicle if an occupant is not using a safety belt.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, §31202(a)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 757.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

30124
15:1410b.
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, §125; added Oct. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93–492, §109, 88 Stat. 1482.

The text of 15:1410b(a) and (c)–(e) is omitted as obsolete. The text of 15:1410b(b)(2) and (3) and (f)(2) and (3) is omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The words "After the effective date of the amendment prescribed under subsection (a) of this section" are omitted as executed. The words "prescribed under this chapter" are substituted for "Federal" for consistency in this chapter.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A motor vehicle safety standard prescribed under this chapter may not require or allow a manufacturer to comply with the standard by using a safety belt interlock designed to prevent starting or operating a motor vehicle if an occupant is not using a safety belt or a buzzer designed to indicate a safety belt is not in use, except a buzzer that operates only during the 8-second period after the ignition is turned to the 'start' or 'on' position."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 11905 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 119 / Section 11905: Disobedience to subpoenas
Disobedience to subpoenas
Status: in_force

A person not obeying a subpoena or requirement of the Board to appear and testify or produce records shall be fined at least $100 but not more than $5,000, imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 852.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11913 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 11905, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1459; Pub. L. 97–261, §29(e), Sept. 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 1128, related to transportation of passengers without charge, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 13502 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 135 / Subchapter I / Section 13502: Exempt transportation between Alaska and other States
Exempt transportation between Alaska and other States
Status: in_force

To the extent that transportation by a motor carrier between a place in Alaska and a place in another State under section 13501 is provided in a foreign country—

(1) neither the Secretary nor the Board has jurisdiction to impose a requirement over conduct of the motor carrier in the foreign country conflicting with a requirement of that country; but

(2) the motor carrier, as a condition of providing transportation in the United States, shall comply, with respect to all transportation provided between Alaska and the other State, with the requirements of this part related to rates and practices applicable to the transportation.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 859.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10522 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 5568 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 55 / Subchapter II / Section 5568: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) General.—The following amounts may be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation:

(1) not more than $15,000,000 to carry out section 5562(a)(1) and (3) of this title.

(2) not more than $2,500,000 to carry out section 5562(a)(2) of this title.

(3) not more than $2,500,000 to carry out section 5562(a)(4) of this title.

(b) Availability of Amounts.—Amounts appropriated to carry out this chapter remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 854.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5568 
49 App.:1653(i)(9). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(9); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; restated Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), (5), 90 Stat. 125; Oct. 19, 1976, Pub. L. 94–555, §219(a), 90 Stat. 2629; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "to the Secretary of Transportation" are added for clarity and consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (b), the words "to carry out" are substituted for "for the purpose set forth . . . in" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
49 U.S.C. § 26103 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 261 / Section 26103: Safety regulations and evaluation
Safety regulations and evaluation
Status: in_force

The Secretary—

(1) shall promulgate such safety regulations as may be necessary for high-speed rail services;

(2) shall, before promulgating such regulations, consult with developers of new high-speed rail technologies to develop a method for evaluating safety performance; and

(3) may solicit feedback from relevant safety experts or representatives of rail employees who perform work on similar technology or who may be expected to perform work on new technology, as appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 103–440, title I, §103(a)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4618; amended Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title II, §22419(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 749.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–58 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall promulgate such safety regulations as may be necessary for high-speed rail services."
49 U.S.C. § 1306 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 13 / Subchapter I / Section 1306: Reporting official action
Reporting official action
Status: in_force

(a) Reports on Proceedings.—The Board shall make a written report of each proceeding conducted on complaint or on its own initiative and furnish a copy to each party to that proceeding. The report shall include the findings, conclusions, and the order of the Board and, if damages are awarded, the findings of fact supporting the award. The Board may have its reports published for public use. A published report of the Board is competent evidence of its contents.

(b) Special Rules for Matters Related to Rail Carriers.—(1) When action of the Board in a matter related to a rail carrier is taken by the Board, an individual member of the Board, or another individual or group of individuals designated to take official action for the Board, the written statement of that action (including a report, order, decision and order, vote, notice, letter, policy statement, or regulation) shall indicate—

(A) the official designation of the individual or group taking the action;

(B) the name of each individual taking, or participating in taking, the action; and

(C) the vote or position of each participating individual.

(2) If an individual member of a group taking an official action referred to in paragraph (1) does not participate in it, the written statement of the action shall indicate that the member did not participate. An individual participating in taking an official action is entitled to express the views of that individual as part of the written statement of the action. In addition to any publication of the written statement, it shall be made available to the public under section 552(a) of title 5.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title II, §201(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 934, §706; renumbered §1306, Pub. L. 114–110, §3(a)(3), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–110 renumbered section 706 of this title as this section.
49 U.S.C. § 44302a (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 443 / Section 44302a: Temporary insurance
Temporary insurance
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Secretary may provide insurance or reinsurance under this section to or for an air carrier for 1 coverage period not to exceed 90 days. Except as otherwise provided in this section, such insurance or reinsurance shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter.

(b) Restrictions.—A policy for insurance or reinsurance issued under this section—

(1) may not be issued unless the insurance carrier of the air carrier has unilaterally terminated the air carrier's war risk liability coverage pursuant to—

(A) notice under the policy;

(B) an endorsement to the policy; or

(C) an automatic termination provision in the policy or any endorsement thereto; and

(2) may cover hull, comprehensive, and third party liability risks.

(c) Premium.—A premium for insurance or reinsurance provided under this section shall be calculated based on a prorated amount equivalent to the premium that was in effect under the terminated insurance carrier policy.

(d) Approval.—A policy for insurance or reinsurance provided under this section—

(1) shall be exempt from the requirements of section 44302(c); and

(2) may provide coverage to the extent allowed under section 44303, as determined by the Secretary, notwithstanding any determination by the President in subsection (a)(1) of such section.

(Added Pub. L. 117–328, div. Q, §103(a), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5252.)
49 U.S.C. § 11141 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11141: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter—

(1) the terms "rail carrier" and "lessor" include a receiver or trustee of a rail carrier and lessor, respectively;

(2) the term "lessor" means a person owning a railroad that is leased to and operated by a carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part; and

(3) the term "association" means an organization maintained by or in the interest of a group of rail carriers providing transportation or service subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part that performs a service, or engages in activities, related to transportation under this part.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 834.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11141, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1425; Pub. L. 99–521, §9(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2997, defined terms for purposes of former sections 11141 to 11145 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 11141, 14121, and 15721 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.