20 U.S.C. § 1231d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter III: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS CONCERNING OPERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS: GENERAL AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY / Section 1231d: Parental involvement and dissemination
Parental involvement and dissemination
Status: in_force

In the case of any applicable program in which the Secretary determines that parental participation at the State or local level would increase the effectiveness of the program in achieving its purposes, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations with respect to such program setting forth criteria designed to encourage such participation. If the program for which such determination is made provides for payments to local educational agencies, applications for such payments shall—

(1) set forth such policies and procedures as will ensure that programs and projects assisted under the application have been planned and developed, and will be operated, in consultation with, and with the involvement of, parents of the children to be served by such programs and projects;

(2) be submitted with assurance that such parents have had an opportunity to present their views with respect to the application; and

(3) set forth policies and procedures for adequate dissemination of program plans and evaluations to such parents and the public.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §434, formerly §415, as added Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(a)(10), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 168; renumbered §425, Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 326; renumbered §427, Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §508(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 565; renumbered §434 and amended Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §§212(b)(1), 244, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913, 3922.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 434 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 440, and is classified to section 1232c of this title.

Another prior section 434 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 444, and was classified to section 1233c of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

Another prior section 434 of Pub. L. 90–247 was classified to section 1232c of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–561.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–382, §244, substituted "Secretary determines" for "Commissioner determines" and "the Secretary shall" for "he shall" and inserted "is made" after "such determination".
20 U.S.C. § 4359 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 55: EDUCATION OF THE DEAF / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4359: Oversight and effect of agreements
Oversight and effect of agreements
Status: in_force

(a) Oversight activities

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to diminish the oversight activities of the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate with respect to any agreement entered into between the Secretary of Education and Gallaudet University, and the institution of higher education with which the Secretary has an agreement under part B of subchapter I.

(b) Construction of agreements

The agreements described in subsection (a) of this section shall continue in effect, to the extent that such agreements are not inconsistent with this chapter.

(Pub. L. 99–371, title II, §208, formerly title IV, §409, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 794; renumbered title II, §209, Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §101(b)(5), (6), Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151; amended Pub. L. 103–73, title II, §204(g), Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735; renumbered §208 and amended Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, §921, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1831; Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §910, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3453.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 208 of Pub. L. 99–371 was classified to section 4358 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 208 of Pub. L. 99–371 was classified to section 4358 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–421.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315 substituted "Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate" for "Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–244, §921(1), substituted "Committee on Education and the Workforce" for "Committee on Education and Labor".

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–73, §204(g)(1), substituted "an agreement under part B of subchapter I" for "an agreement under title II".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–73, §204(g)(2), struck out "the provisions of" after "inconsistent with".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 10006 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 80: STATE FISCAL STABILIZATION FUND / Section 10006: State incentive grants
State incentive grants
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Reservation

From the total amount reserved under section 10001(c) of this title that is not used for section 10007 of this title, the Secretary may reserve up to 1 percent for technical assistance to States to assist them in meeting the objectives of paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5) of section 10005(d) of this title.

(2) Remainder

Of the remaining funds, the Secretary shall, in fiscal year 2010, make grants to States that have made significant progress in meeting the objectives of paragraphs (2), (3), (4), and (5) of section 10005(d) of this title.

(b) Basis for grants

The Secretary shall determine which States receive grants under this section, and the amount of those grants, on the basis of information provided in State applications under section 10005 of this title and such other criteria as the Secretary determines appropriate, which may include a State's need for assistance to help meet the objective of paragraphs 1 (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) of section 10005(d) of this title.

(c) Subgrants to local educational agencies

(1) In general

Each State receiving a grant under this section shall use at least 50 percent of the grant to provide local educational agencies in the State with subgrants based on their relative shares of funding under part A of title I of the ESEA (20 U.S.C. 6311 et seq.) for the most recent year.

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) does not apply to grants made by the Secretary to consortia of States to develop academic assessments that are aligned with academic standards, or to a State or States for improving early childhood care and education except that such a State may use its grant funds to make subgrants to public or private agencies and organizations for activities consistent with the purposes of the grant.

(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, §14006, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 111–117, div. D, title III, §310, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3272; Pub. L. 112–10, div. B, title VIII, §1832(b)(2), Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 164; Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title III, §308, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1100.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

ESEA, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27. Part A of title I of the Act is classified generally to part A (§6311 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–10, §1832(b)(2)(A), substituted "(5), or (6)" for "and (5)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–74 inserted before period at end "except that such a State may use its grant funds to make subgrants to public or private agencies and organizations for activities consistent with the purposes of the grant".

Pub. L. 112–10, §1832(b)(2)(B), inserted before period at end ", or to a State or States for improving early childhood care and education".

2009—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–117 designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

1 So in original. Probably should be "paragraph".
20 U.S.C. § 1063d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1063d: Strengthening HBCUs through Federal agency plans
Strengthening HBCUs through Federal agency plans
Status: in_force

(a) Designating applicable agencies

The Secretary, in consultation with the Executive Director, shall—

(1) identify each Federal agency with which an HBCU—

(A) has entered into a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement; or

(B) is eligible to participate in the programs and initiatives under the jurisdiction of such Federal agency; and

(2) designate each Federal agency so identified as an applicable agency.

(b) Submitting agency plans

Not later than February 1 of each year, the head of each applicable agency shall submit to the Secretary, the Executive Director, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives, and the President's Board of Advisors an annual Agency Plan describing efforts to strengthen the capacity of HBCUs to participate or be eligible to participate in the programs and initiatives under the jurisdiction of such applicable agency as described in subsection (a)(1)(B).

(c) Further requirements for submission and accessibility

The Executive Director shall make all annual Agency Plan submissions publicly available online in a user-friendly format.

(d) Agency plan content

Where appropriate, each Agency Plan shall include—

(1) a description of how the applicable agency intends to increase the capacity of HBCUs to compete effectively for grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements;

(2) an identification of Federal programs and initiatives under the jurisdiction of the applicable agency in which HBCUs are underrepresented;

(3) an outline of proposed efforts to improve HBCUs' participation in such programs and initiatives;

(4) a description of any progress made towards advancing or achieving goals and efforts from previous Agency Plans submitted under this section by such applicable agency;

(5) a description of how the applicable agency plans to encourage public-sector, private-sector, and community involvement to improve the capacity of HBCUs to compete effectively for grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, and to participate in programs and initiatives under the jurisdiction of such agency;

(6) an identification of programs and initiatives not listed in a previous Agency Plan in which an HBCU may participate;

(7) any other information the applicable agency determines is relevant to promoting opportunities to fund, partner, contract, or otherwise interact with HBCUs; and

(8) any additional criteria established by the Secretary or the White House Initiative.

(e) Agency engagement

To help fulfill the objectives of the Agency Plans, the head of each applicable agency—

(1) shall provide, as appropriate, technical assistance and information to the Executive Director to enhance communication with HBCUs concerning the applicable agency's—

(A) programs and initiatives described in subsection (d)(2); and

(B) the preparation of applications or proposals for grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements; and

(2) shall appoint a senior official to report directly to the agency head on the applicable agency's progress under this section.

(Pub. L. 116–270, §4, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3327.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the HBCU Propelling Agency Relationships Towards a New Era of Results for Students Act or the HBCU PARTNERS Act, and not as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Findings and Purposes

Pub. L. 116–270, §2, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3325, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress finds the following:

"(1) As many colleges and universities across the country kept their doors closed to African American applicants, historically Black colleges and universities (referred to in this section as 'HBCUs') played a central role in ensuring that African Americans could attain an excellent education.

"(2) Today, HBCUs continue to play a critical role in ensuring that African Americans, and those of all races, can access high-quality educational opportunities.

"(3) HBCUs enroll nearly 300,000 students, an estimated 70 percent of whom come from low-income backgrounds and 80 percent of whom are African American.

"(4) According to the National Association For Equal Opportunity In Higher Education (referred to in this section as 'NAFEO'), HBCUs make up just 3 percent of American institutions of higher education but serve more than a fifth of African American college students.

"(5) According to the Thurgood Marshall College Fund (referred to in this section as 'TMCF'), approximately 9 percent of all African American college students attend HBCUs.

"(6) A March 2017 report from the Education Trust concluded that HBCUs have higher completion rates for African American students than other institutions serving similar student populations.

"(7) According to TMCF, 40 percent of African American Members of Congress, 50 percent of African American lawyers, and 80 percent of African American judges are graduates of HBCUs.

"(8) According to NAFEO, HBCUs graduate approximately 50 percent of African American public school teaching professionals.

"(9) According to the United Negro College Fund (referred to in this section as 'UNCF'), African American graduates of HBCUs are almost twice as likely as African Americans who graduated from other institutions to report that their university prepared them well for life.

"(10) According to a study commissioned by UNCF, in 2014, HBCUs generated a total direct economic impact of $14,800,000,000 and created more than 134,000 jobs.

"(11) According to a 2019 report produced by the American Council on Education and UNCF, despite efforts to counter a historical legacy of inequitable funding and notable investments by the Federal Government and many State governments, resource inequities continue to plague HBCUs.

"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this Act are—

"(1) to strengthen the capacity and competitiveness of HBCUs to fulfill their principal mission of equalizing educational opportunity, as described in section 301(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1051(b));

"(2) to align HBCUs with the educational and economic competitiveness priorities of the United States;

"(3) to provide students enrolled at HBCUs with the highest quality educational and economic opportunities;

"(4) to bolster and facilitate productive interactions between HBCUs and Federal agencies; and

"(5) to encourage HBCU participation in and benefit from Federal programs, grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements."

Definitions

Pub. L. 116–270, §3, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3326, provided that: "In this Act [see Short Title of 2020 Amendment note set out under section 1001 of this title]:

"(1) Applicable agency.—The term 'applicable agency' means—

"(A) the Department of Agriculture;

"(B) the Department of Commerce;

"(C) the Department of Defense;

"(D) the Department of Education;

"(E) the Department of Energy;

"(F) the Department of Health and Human Services;

"(G) the Department of Homeland Security;

"(H) the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

"(I) the Department of the Interior;

"(J) the Department of Justice;

"(K) the Department of Labor;

"(L) the Department of State;

"(M) the Department of Transportation;

"(N) the Department of Treasury;

"(O) the Department of Veterans Affairs;

"(P) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

"(Q) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

"(R) the National Science Foundation;

"(S) the Small Business Administration; and

"(T) any other Federal agency designated as an applicable agency under section 4 [enacting this section].

"(2) Executive director.—The term 'Executive Director' means—

"(A) the Executive Director of the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities, as designated by the President; or

"(B) if no such Executive Director is designated, such person as the President may designate to lead the White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities.

"(3) HBCU.—The term 'HBCU' means a historically Black college or university.

"(4) Historically black college or university.—The term 'historically Black college or university' has the meaning given the term 'part B institution' under section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).

"(5) President's board of advisors.—The term 'President's Board of Advisors' means the President's Board of Advisors on historically Black colleges and universities.

"(6) Secretary.—Except as otherwise provided, the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Education.

"(7) White house initiative.—The term 'White House Initiative' means the White House Initiative on historically Black colleges and universities."
20 U.S.C. § 1687 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 38: DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX OR BLINDNESS / Section 1687: Interpretation of "program or activity"
Interpretation of "program or activity"
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter, the term "program or activity" and "program" mean all of the operations of—

(1)(A) a department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of a State or of a local government; or

(B) the entity of such State or local government that distributes such assistance and each such department or agency (and each other State or local government entity) to which the assistance is extended, in the case of assistance to a State or local government;

(2)(A) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or a public system of higher education; or

(B) a local educational agency (as defined in section section 1 7801 of this title), system of vocational education, or other school system;

(3)(A) an entire corporation, partnership, or other private organization, or an entire sole proprietorship—

(i) if assistance is extended to such corporation, partnership, private organization, or sole proprietorship as a whole; or

(ii) which is principally engaged in the business of providing education, health care, housing, social services, or parks and recreation; or

(B) the entire plant or other comparable, geographically separate facility to which Federal financial assistance is extended, in the case of any other corporation, partnership, private organization, or sole proprietorship; or

(4) any other entity which is established by two or more of the entities described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3);

any part of which is extended Federal financial assistance, except that such term does not include any operation of an entity which is controlled by a religious organization if the application of section 1681 of this title to such operation would not be consistent with the religious tenets of such organization.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title IX, §908, as added Pub. L. 100–259, §3(a), Mar. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 28; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(g), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(j), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2091; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(bb), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2173.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title IX of Pub. L. 92–318 which enacted this chapter and amended sections 203 and 213 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2000c, 2000c–6, 2000c–9, and 2000h–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "section 7801 of this title), system of vocational education, or other school system;" for "7801 of this title), system of vocational education, or other school system;".

2002—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 107–110 substituted "7801" for "8801".

1994—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 103–382 substituted "section 8801" for "section 2854(a)(10)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.

Findings of Congress

Pub. L. 100–259, §2, Mar. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 28, provided that: "The Congress finds that—

"(1) certain aspects of recent decisions and opinions of the Supreme Court have unduly narrowed or cast doubt upon the broad application of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.], section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 794], the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 [42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.], and title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.]; and

"(2) legislative action is necessary to restore the prior consistent and long-standing executive branch interpretation and broad, institution-wide application of those laws as previously administered."

Construction

Pub. L. 100–259, §7, Mar. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 31, provided that: "Nothing in the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note under section 1681 of this title] shall be construed to extend the application of the Acts so amended [Education Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. 92–318, see Short Title of 1972 Amendment, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. 701 et seq., Age Discrimination Act of 1975, 42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq., and Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.] to ultimate beneficiaries of Federal financial assistance excluded from coverage before the enactment of this Act [Mar. 22, 1988]."

Abortion Neutrality

This section not to be construed to force or require any individual or hospital or any other institution, program, or activity receiving Federal funds to perform or pay for an abortion, see section 8 of Pub. L. 100–259, set out as a note under section 1688 of this title.

1 So in original.
20 U.S.C. § 1068c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1068c: Cooperative arrangements
Cooperative arrangements
Status: in_force

(a) General authority

The Secretary may make grants to encourage cooperative arrangements—

(1) with funds available to carry out part A, between institutions eligible for assistance under part A and between such institutions and institutions not receiving assistance under this subchapter; or

(2) with funds available to carry out part B, between institutions eligible for assistance under part B and institutions not receiving assistance under this subchapter;

for the activities described in section 1057(b) of this title or section 1062 of this title, as the case may be, so that the resources of the cooperating institutions might be combined and shared to achieve the purposes of such parts and avoid costly duplicative efforts and to enhance the development of part A and part B eligible institutions.

(b) Priority

The Secretary shall give priority to grants for the purposes described under subsection (a) whenever the Secretary determines that the cooperative arrangement is geographically and economically sound or will benefit the applicant institution.

(c) Duration

Grants to institutions having a cooperative arrangement may be made under this section for a period as determined under section 1059 of this title or section 1062 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §394, formerly §354, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title III, §301(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1305; renumbered §394, Pub. L. 105–244, title III, §301(a)(2), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1636.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1069 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 105–244.
20 U.S.C. § 6452 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6452: Programs operated by local educational agencies
Programs operated by local educational agencies
Status: in_force

(a) Local subgrants

With funds made available under section 6422(b) of this title, the State educational agency shall award subgrants to local educational agencies with high numbers or percentages of children and youth residing in locally operated (including county operated) correctional facilities for children and youth (including facilities involved in community day programs).

(b) Special rule

A local educational agency that serves a school operated by a correctional facility is not required to operate a program of support for children and youth returning from such school to a school that is not operated by a correctional agency but served by such local educational agency, if more than 30 percent of the children and youth attending the school operated by the correctional facility will reside outside the boundaries served by the local educational agency after leaving such facility.

(c) Notification

A State educational agency shall notify local educational agencies within the State of the eligibility of such agencies to receive a subgrant under this subpart.

(d) Transitional and academic services

Transitional and supportive programs operated in local educational agencies under this subpart shall be designed primarily to meet the transitional and academic needs of students returning to local educational agencies or alternative education programs from correctional facilities. Services to students at-risk of dropping out of school shall not have a negative impact on meeting such transitional and academic needs of the students returning from correctional facilities.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1422, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1587; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1401(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1903.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6452, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1422, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3598, related to programs operated by local educational agencies, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "impact on meeting such transitional" for "impact on meeting the transitional".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4418 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 56: AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE AND ART DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES / Section 4418: Indian preference
Indian preference
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or State law, the Institute is authorized to develop a policy or policies for the Institute to extend preference to Indians in—

(1) admissions to, and enrollment in, programs conducted by the Institute,

(2) employment by the Institute, and

(3) contracts, fellowships, and grants awarded by the Institute.

(b) Hiring preference

In carrying out section 4416(b)(1) of this title, the President of the Institute shall, to the maximum extent practicable, give preference in hiring to Indians.

(Pub. L. 99–498, title XV, §1511, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1607; Pub. L. 102–325, title XIII, §1331(e), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 807.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–325 inserted "develop a policy or policies for the Institute to" after "is authorized to".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1232a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter III: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS CONCERNING OPERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS: GENERAL AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY / Section 1232a: Prohibition against Federal control of education
Prohibition against Federal control of education
Status: in_force

No provision of any applicable program shall be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution, school, or school system, or over the selection of library resources, textbooks, or other printed or published instructional materials by any educational institution or school system, or to require the assignment or transportation of students or teachers in order to overcome racial imbalance.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §438, formerly §422, as added Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(a)(10), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 169; renumbered §432 and amended Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(a)(1), title VII, §717(b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 326, 369; Pub. L. 94–482, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2230; renumbered §438, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §212(b)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 438 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 444, and is classified to section 1232g of this title.

Another prior section 438 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 448, and was classified to section 1233g of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–482 substituted provisions prohibiting any applicable program from exercising Federal control of education, for provisions prohibiting such specific Federal laws as the Act of Sept. 30, 1950, National Defense Education Act of 1958, Act of Sept. 23, 1950, Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963, Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Higher Education Act of 1965, International Education Act of 1966, Emergency School Aid Act, and the Vocational Education Act of 1963 from exercising such Federal control.

1972—Pub. L. 92–318, §717(b), inserted "the Emergency School Aid Act;" after "the International Education Act of 1966;".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–482 effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, for those amendments providing for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 13791. Enforcing Statutory Prohibitions on Federal Control of Education

Ex. Ord. No. 13791, Apr. 26, 2017, 82 F.R. 20427, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to restore the proper division of power under the Constitution between the Federal Government and the States and to further the goals of, and to ensure strict compliance with, statutes that prohibit Federal interference with State and local control over education, including section 103 of the Department of Education Organization Act (DEOA) (20 U.S.C. 3403), sections 438 and 447 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA), as amended (20 U.S.C. 1232a and 1232j), and sections 8526A, 8527, and 8529 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) (20 U.S.C. 7906a, 7907, and 7909), it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Policy. It shall be the policy of the executive branch to protect and preserve State and local control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, and personnel of educational institutions, schools, and school systems, consistent with applicable law, including ESEA, as amended by ESSA, and ESEA's restrictions related to the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

Sec. 2. Review of Regulations and Guidance Documents. (a) The Secretary of Education (Secretary) shall review all Department of Education (Department) regulations and guidance documents relating to DEOA, GEPA, and ESEA, as amended by ESSA.

(b) The Secretary shall examine whether these regulations and guidance documents comply with Federal laws that prohibit the Department from exercising any direction, supervision, or control over areas subject to State and local control, including:

(i) the curriculum or program of instruction of any elementary and secondary school and school system;

(ii) school administration and personnel; and

(iii) selection and content of library resources, textbooks, and instructional materials.

(c) The Secretary shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, rescind or revise any regulations that are identified pursuant to subsection (b) of this section as inconsistent with statutory prohibitions. The Secretary shall also rescind or revise any guidance documents that are identified pursuant to subsection (b) of this section as inconsistent with statutory prohibitions. The Secretary shall, to the extent consistent with law, publish any proposed regulations and withdraw or modify any guidance documents pursuant to this subsection no later than 300 days after the date of this order.

Sec. 3. Definition. The term "guidance document" means any written statement issued by the Department to the public that sets forth a policy on a statutory, regulatory, or technical issue or an interpretation of a statutory or regulatory issue, including Dear Colleague letters, interpretive memoranda, policy statements, manuals, circulars, memoranda, pamphlets, bulletins, advisories, technical assistance, and grants of applications for waivers.

Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.
20 U.S.C. § 6011 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter IX: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT / Section 6011: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §912, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 213; Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §271(a)(3)(B), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929, stated policy and purpose of Office of Educational Research and Improvement and set forth provisions relating to employees, publications, reports on activities, research, coordination of activities, evaluations, definitions, and appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 4341 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 55: EDUCATION OF THE DEAF / Subchapter I: GALLAUDET UNIVERSITY; NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF; OTHER PROGRAMS / Section 4341: Cultural experiences grants
Cultural experiences grants
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary is authorized to, on a competitive basis, make grants to, and enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with, eligible entities to support the activities described in subsection (b).

(b) Activities

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall support activities providing cultural experiences, through appropriate nonprofit organizations with a demonstrated proficiency in providing such activities, that—

(1) enrich the lives of deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adults;

(2) increase public awareness and understanding of deafness and of the artistic and intellectual achievements of deaf and hard-of-hearing persons; or

(3) promote the integration of hearing, deaf, and hard-of-hearing persons through shared cultural, educational, and social experiences.

(c) Applications

An eligible entity that desires to receive a grant, or enter into a contract or cooperative agreement, under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 99–371, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §904(a), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3452.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4341, Pub. L. 99–371, title III, §301, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 786, established Commission on Education of the Deaf, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §§101(a)(2), 161, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, 2164, effective Oct. 1, 1992.

A prior section 121 of Pub. L. 99–371 was classified to section 4321 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–421.

Prior sections 4342 to 4344 were repealed by Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §§101(a)(2), 161, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, 2164, effective Oct. 1, 1992.

Section 4342, Pub. L. 99–371, title III, §302, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 786; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142, outlined duties of Commission and provided for reports to Congress.

Section 4343, Pub. L. 99–371, title III, §303, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 787, related to personnel of Commission, hearings, quorums, consultation with other entities, information and statistics, and agency cooperation.

Section 4344, Pub. L. 99–371, title III, §304, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 788, provided for compensation of members of Commission.
20 U.S.C. § 3901 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Section 3901: Statement of purpose
Statement of purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this chapter to improve the quality of mathematics and science teaching and instruction in the United States.

(Pub. L. 98–377, §2, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1267.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–159, §1, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 887, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 366, 1221e–1c, and 3911 to 3922 of this title, and section 1886 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 351a, 351c, 351d, 353, 1134h, 1221e–1b, 1411, 2007, 2311, 2312, 2322, 2323, 2333, 2361 to 2363, 2383, 2392, 2417, 2462, 2464, 2471, 2763, 3902, 3963 to 3973, 3982, 3983, 3985 to 3988, 4003, 4033, 4051, 4053, 4056, and 4059 of this title, sections 1503 and 1753 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 1862 to 1864, 1868 to 1872, 1873, 1874, 1881a, 1882, and 1885 to 1885d of Title 42, omitting sections 3911 to 3915, 3921 to 3923, 3931 to 3933, 3941, and 3951 to 3954 of this title, repealing sections 1873a and 1884 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 351f, 1087bb, 1411, and 2311 of this title and section 1861 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1087bb and 2301 of this title and sections 1861 and 1882 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'National Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Authorization Act of 1986'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 98–377, §1, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1267, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Education for Economic Security Act'."

Part A of title III of Pub. L. 98–377, as amended, which enacted part A of subchapter III of this chapter, is known as "Partnerships in Education for Mathematics, Science, and Engineering Act", see note set out under section 3981 of this title.

Title V of Pub. L. 98–377, which enacted subchapter V of this chapter, is known as "Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984", see note set out under section 4011 of this title.

Title VIII of Pub. L. 98–377, which enacted subchapter VIII of this chapter, is known as "The Equal Access Act", see note set out under section 4071 of this title.

Title IX of Pub. L. 98–377, which enacted subchapter IX of this chapter, is known as the "Star Schools Program Assistance Act", see note set out under section 4081 of this title.

Executive Documents

Increasing Access to High-Quality Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 25, 2017, 82 F.R. 45417, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of Education

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby directed as follows:

Section 1. Policy. A key priority of my Administration is to better equip America's young people with the relevant knowledge and skills that will enable them to secure high-paying, stable jobs throughout their careers. With the growing role of technology in driving the American economy, many jobs increasingly require skills in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)—including, in particular, Computer Science. These skills open the door to jobs, strengthening the backbone of American ingenuity, driving solutions to complex problems across industries, and improving lives around the world. As part of my Administration's commitment to supporting American workers and increasing economic growth and prosperity, it is critical that we educate and train our future workforce to compete and excel in lucrative and important STEM fields.

Today, too many of our Nation's K–12 and post-secondary students lack access to high-quality STEM education, and thus are at risk of being shut out from some of the most attractive job options in the growing United States economy. Courses in Computer Science are especially scarce in too many schools and communities, despite the job opportunities that these skills create. Nearly 40 percent of high schools do not offer physics and 60 percent of high schools do not offer computer programming. Of the nearly 17,000 high schools that were accredited to offer Advanced Placement exams in 2015, only 18 percent were accredited to teach Advanced Placement Computer Science (AP–CS). Minorities and students in rural communities often have even less access to Computer Science education. Nationwide, only 34 percent of African American students and 30 percent of rural high school students have access to a Computer Science class. Furthermore, even where classes are offered, there is a serious gender gap: less than a quarter of the students who took the AP–CS A exam nationally in 2016 were girls.

Shortages in high-quality STEM teachers at all levels, particularly in Computer Science, often drive these problems. The Department of Education, therefore, should prioritize helping districts recruit and train teachers capable of providing students with a rigorous education in STEM fields, focusing in particular on Computer Science. This will help equip students with the skills needed to obtain certifications and advanced degrees that ultimately lead to jobs in STEM fields.

Sec. 2. Expanding Access to Computer Science and STEM Education. (a) Establish promotion of high-quality STEM education, with a particular focus on Computer Science, as a Department of Education priority. The Secretary of Education (Secretary) shall, consistent with law, establish the promotion of high-quality STEM education, including Computer Science in particular, as one of the priorities of the Department of Education. The Secretary shall take this priority into account, to the extent permitted by law, when awarding grant funds in fiscal year 2018 and in future years.

(b) Funding level. The Secretary shall, to the extent consistent with law, establish a goal of devoting at least $200 million in grant funds per year to the promotion of high-quality STEM education, including Computer Science in particular. Within 30 days of the Congress passing final appropriations for each fiscal year for which the priority established under subsection (a) of this section is in effect, the Secretary shall identify the grant programs to which the STEM priority will apply and estimate the total amount of such grant funds that will support high-quality STEM education, including Computer Science. The Secretary shall communicate plans for achieving this goal to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB Director) each fiscal year.

(c) Explore administrative actions to promote Computer Science at the Department of Education. The Secretary shall explore appropriate administrative actions, to the extent consistent with law, to add or increase focus on Computer Science in existing K–12 and post-secondary programs. As part of this effort, the Secretary shall identify and take action to provide guidance documents and other technical assistance that could support high-quality Computer Science education.

(d) Report. Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the OMB Director a report on the activities carried out during the preceding fiscal year under subsections (b) and (c) of this section. In particular, the report shall describe how the grant funds referenced in subsection (b) were spent, any administrative actions that were taken, guidance documents that were released, or technical assistance that was provided pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, and whether these actions succeeded in promoting and expanding access to high-quality STEM education, including Computer Science in particular, both generally and with respect to underserved populations.

Sec. 3. Definition. The term "Computer Science" means the study of computers and algorithmic processes and includes the study of computing principles and theories, computer hardware, software design, coding, analytics, and computer applications.

Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the OMB Director relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Secretary is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Donald J. Trump.
20 U.S.C. § 1470 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1470: Purposes
Purposes
Status: in_force

The purposes of this part are to ensure that—

(1) children with disabilities and their parents receive training and information designed to assist the children in meeting developmental and functional goals and challenging academic achievement goals, and in preparing to lead productive independent adult lives;

(2) children with disabilities and their parents receive training and information on their rights, responsibilities, and protections under this chapter, in order to develop the skills necessary to cooperatively and effectively participate in planning and decision making relating to early intervention, educational, and transitional services;

(3) parents, teachers, administrators, early intervention personnel, related services personnel, and transition personnel receive coordinated and accessible technical assistance and information to assist such personnel in improving early intervention, educational, and transitional services and results for children with disabilities and their families; and

(4) appropriate technology and media are researched, developed, and demonstrated, to improve and implement early intervention, educational, and transitional services and results for children with disabilities and their families.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §670, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2788.)
20 U.S.C. § 9402 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 75: EARLY LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES / Section 9402: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Caregiver

The term "caregiver" means an individual, including a relative, neighbor, or family friend, who regularly or frequently provides care, with or without compensation, for a child for whom the individual is not the parent.

(2) Child care provider

The term "child care provider" means a provider of non-residential child care services (including center-based, family-based, and in-home child care services) for compensation who or that is legally operating under State law, and complies with applicable State and local requirements for the provision of child care services.

(3) Early learning

The term "early learning", used with respect to a program or activity, means learning designed to facilitate the development of cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional skills for, and to promote learning readiness in, young children.

(4) Early learning program

The term "early learning program" means—

(A) a program of services or activities that helps parents, caregivers, and child care providers incorporate early learning into the daily lives of young children; or

(B) a program that directly provides early learning to young children.

(5) Indian tribe

The term "Indian tribe" has the meaning given the term in section 5304 of title 25.

(6) Local Council

The term "Local Council" means a Local Council established or designated under section 9413(a) of this title that serves one or more localities.

(7) Locality

The term "locality" means a city, county, borough, township, or area served by another general purpose unit of local government, an Indian tribe, a Regional Corporation, or a Native Hawaiian entity.

(8) Parent

The term "parent" means a biological parent, an adoptive parent, a stepparent, a foster parent, or a legal guardian of, or a person standing in loco parentis to, a child.

(9) Poverty line

The term "poverty line" means the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, and revised annually in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42) applicable to a family of the size involved.

(10) Regional Corporation

The term "Regional Corporation" means an entity listed in section 619(4)(B) of title 42.

(11) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(12) State

The term "State" means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(13) Training

The term "training" means instruction in early learning that—

(A) is required for certification under State and local laws, regulations, and policies;

(B) is required to receive a nationally or State recognized credential or its equivalent;

(C) is received in a postsecondary education program focused on early learning or early childhood development in which the individual is enrolled; or

(D) is provided, certified, or sponsored by an organization that is recognized for its expertise in promoting early learning or early childhood development.

(14) Young child

The term "young child" means any child from birth to the age of mandatory school attendance in the State where the child resides.

(Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VIII, §803], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–81.)
20 U.S.C. § 8161 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter X: PROGRAMS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE / Section 8161: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10701, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3841, set forth findings.
20 U.S.C. § 1140m (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1140m: Model demonstration programs to support improved access to postsecondary instructional materials for students with print disabilities
Model demonstration programs to support improved access to postsecondary instructional materials for students with print disabilities
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

It is the purpose of this section to support model demonstration programs for the purpose of encouraging the development of systems to improve the quality of postsecondary instructional materials in specialized formats and such materials' timely delivery to postsecondary students with print disabilities, including systems to improve efficiency and reduce duplicative efforts across multiple institutions of higher education.

(b) Definition of eligible partnership

In this section, the term "eligible partnership" means a partnership that—

(1) shall include—

(A) an institution of higher education with demonstrated expertise in meeting the needs of students with print disabilities, including the retention of such students in, and such students' completion of, postsecondary education; and

(B) a public or private entity, other than an institution of higher education, with—

(i) demonstrated expertise in developing accessible instructional materials in specialized formats for postsecondary students with print disabilities; and

(ii) the technical development expertise necessary for the efficient dissemination of such materials, including procedures to protect against copyright infringement with respect to the creation, use, and distribution of instructional materials in specialized formats; and

(2) may include representatives of the publishing industry.

(c) Program authorized

From amounts appropriated under section 1140o of this title, the Secretary shall award grants or contracts, on a competitive basis, to not less than one eligible partnership to enable the eligible partnership to support the activities described in subsection (f) and, as applicable, subsection (g).

(d) Application

An eligible partnership that desires a grant or contract under this section shall submit an application at such time, in such manner, and in such format as the Secretary may prescribe. The application shall include information on how the eligible partnership will implement activities under subsection (f) and, as applicable, subsection (g).

(e) Priority

In awarding grants or contracts under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to any applications that include the development and implementation of the procedures and approaches described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (g).

(f) Required activities

An eligible partnership that receives a grant or contract under this section shall use the grant or contract funds to carry out the following:

(1) Supporting the development and implementation of the following:

(A) Processes and systems to help identify, and verify eligibility of, postsecondary students with print disabilities in need of instructional materials in specialized formats.

(B) Procedures and systems to facilitate and simplify request methods for accessible instructional materials in specialized formats from eligible students described in subparagraph (A), which may include a single point-of-entry system.

(C) Procedures and systems to coordinate among institutions of higher education, publishers of instructional materials, and entities that produce materials in specialized formats, to efficiently facilitate—

(i) requests for such materials;

(ii) the responses to such requests; and

(iii) the delivery of such materials.

(D) Delivery systems that will ensure the timely provision of instructional materials in specialized formats to eligible students, which may include electronic file distribution.

(E) Systems to reduce duplicative conversions and improve sharing of the same instructional materials in specialized formats for multiple eligible students at multiple institutions of higher education.

(F) Procedures to protect against copyright infringement with respect to the development, use, and distribution of instructional materials in specialized formats while maintaining accessibility for eligible students, which may include digital technologies such as watermarking, fingerprinting, and other emerging approaches.

(G) Awareness, outreach, and training activities for faculty, staff, and students related to the acquisition and dissemination of instructional materials in specialized formats and instructional materials utilizing universal design.

(2) Providing recommendations on how effective procedures and systems described in paragraph (1) may be disseminated and implemented on a national basis.

(g) Authorized approaches

An eligible partnership that receives a grant or contract under this section may use the grant or contract funds to support the development and implementation of the following:

(1) Approaches for the provision of instructional materials in specialized formats limited to instructional materials used in smaller categories of postsecondary courses, such as introductory, first-, and second-year courses.

(2) Approaches supporting a unified search for instructional materials in specialized formats across multiple databases or lists of available materials.

(3) Market-based approaches for making instructional materials in specialized formats directly available to eligible students at prices comparable to standard instructional materials.

(h) Report

Not later than three years after the date of the first grant or contract awarded under this section, the Secretary shall submit to the authorizing committees a report that includes—

(1) the number of grants and contracts and the amount of funds distributed under this section;

(2) a summary of the purposes for which the grants and contracts were provided and an evaluation of the progress made under such grants and contracts;

(3) a summary of the activities implemented under subsection (f) and, as applicable, subsection (g), including data on the number of postsecondary students with print disabilities served and the number of instructional material requests executed and delivered in specialized formats; and

(4) an evaluation of the effectiveness of programs funded under this section.

(i) Model expansion

The Secretary may, on the basis of the reports under subsection (h) and section 1140l(b)(2) of this title and any evaluations of the projects funded under this section, expand the program under this section to additional grant or contract recipients that use other programmatic approaches and serve different geographic regions, if the Secretary finds that the models used under this section—

(1) are effective in improving the timely delivery and quality of materials in specialized formats; and

(2) provide adequate protections against copyright infringement.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §773, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3371.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 773 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132h–2 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–325.
20 U.S.C. § 9702 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 77: FINANCIAL LITERACY AND EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT / Section 9702: Establishment of Financial Literacy and Education Commission
Establishment of Financial Literacy and Education Commission
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There is established a commission to be known as the "Financial Literacy and Education Commission".

(b) Purpose

The Commission shall serve to improve the financial literacy and education of persons in the United States through development of a national strategy to promote financial literacy and education.

(c) Membership

(1) Composition

The Commission shall be composed of—

(A) the Secretary of the Treasury;

(B) the respective head of each of the Federal banking agencies (as defined in section 1813 of title 12), the National Credit Union Administration, the Securities and Exchange Commission, each of the Departments of Education, Agriculture, Defense, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, and Veterans Affairs, the Federal Trade Commission, the General Services Administration, the Small Business Administration, the Social Security Administration, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and the Office of Personnel Management;

(C) the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection; and

(D) at the discretion of the President, not more than 5 individuals appointed by the President from among the administrative heads of any other Federal agencies, departments, or other Federal Government entities, whom the President determines to be engaged in a serious effort to improve financial literacy and education.

(2) Alternates

Each member of the Commission may designate an alternate if the member is unable to attend a meeting of the Commission. Such alternate shall be an individual who exercises significant decisionmaking authority.

(d) Chairperson

The Secretary of the Treasury shall serve as the Chairperson. The Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall serve as the Vice Chairman.

(e) Meetings

The Commission shall hold, at the call of the Chairperson, at least 1 meeting every 4 months. All such meetings shall be open to the public. The Commission may hold, at the call of the Chairperson, such other meetings as the Chairperson sees fit to carry out this chapter.

(f) Quorum

A majority of the members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold hearings.

(g) Initial meeting

The Commission shall hold its first meeting not later than 60 days after December 4, 2003.

(Pub. L. 108–159, title V, §513, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 2003; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1013(d)(5), (6), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1971.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (c)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 111–203, §1013(d)(5), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–203, §1013(d)(6), inserted at end "The Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection shall serve as the Vice Chairman."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section subject to joint regulations establishing effective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 1681 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
20 U.S.C. § 1464 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1464: Studies and evaluations
Studies and evaluations
Status: in_force

(a) Studies and evaluations

(1) Delegation

The Secretary shall delegate to the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences responsibility to carry out this section, other than subsections (d) and (f).

(2) Assessment

The Secretary shall, directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements awarded to eligible entities on a competitive basis, assess the progress in the implementation of this chapter, including the effectiveness of State and local efforts to provide—

(A) a free appropriate public education to children with disabilities; and

(B) early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities, and infants and toddlers who would be at risk of having substantial developmental delays if early intervention services were not provided to the infants and toddlers.

(b) Assessment of national activities

(1) In general

The Secretary shall carry out a national assessment of activities carried out with Federal funds under this chapter in order—

(A) to determine the effectiveness of this chapter in achieving the purposes of this chapter;

(B) to provide timely information to the President, Congress, the States, local educational agencies, and the public on how to implement this chapter more effectively; and

(C) to provide the President and Congress with information that will be useful in developing legislation to achieve the purposes of this chapter more effectively.

(2) Scope of assessment

The national assessment shall assess activities supported under this chapter, including—

(A) the implementation of programs assisted under this chapter and the impact of such programs on addressing the developmental needs of, and improving the academic achievement of, children with disabilities to enable the children to reach challenging developmental goals and challenging State academic content standards based on State academic assessments;

(B) the types of programs and services that have demonstrated the greatest likelihood of helping students reach the challenging State academic content standards and developmental goals;

(C) the implementation of the professional development activities assisted under this chapter and the impact on instruction, student academic achievement, and teacher qualifications to enhance the ability of special education teachers and regular education teachers to improve results for children with disabilities; and

(D) the effectiveness of schools, local educational agencies, States, other recipients of assistance under this chapter, and the Secretary in achieving the purposes of this chapter by—

(i) improving the academic achievement of children with disabilities and their performance on regular statewide assessments as compared to nondisabled children, and the performance of children with disabilities on alternate assessments;

(ii) improving the participation of children with disabilities in the general education curriculum;

(iii) improving the transitions of children with disabilities at natural transition points;

(iv) placing and serving children with disabilities, including minority children, in the least restrictive environment appropriate;

(v) preventing children with disabilities, especially children with emotional disturbances and specific learning disabilities, from dropping out of school;

(vi) addressing the reading and literacy needs of children with disabilities;

(vii) reducing the inappropriate overidentification of children, especially minority and limited English proficient children, as having a disability;

(viii) improving the participation of parents of children with disabilities in the education of their children; and

(ix) resolving disagreements between education personnel and parents through alternate dispute resolution activities, including mediation.

(3) Interim and final reports

The Secretary shall submit to the President and Congress—

(A) an interim report that summarizes the preliminary findings of the assessment not later than 3 years after December 3, 2004; and

(B) a final report of the findings of the assessment not later than 5 years after December 3, 2004.

(c) Study on ensuring accountability for students who are held to alternative achievement standards

The Secretary shall carry out a national study or studies to examine—

(1) the criteria that States use to determine—

(A) eligibility for alternate assessments; and

(B) the number and type of children who take those assessments and are held accountable to alternative achievement standards;

(2) the validity and reliability of alternate assessment instruments and procedures;

(3) the alignment of alternate assessments and alternative achievement standards to State academic content standards in reading, mathematics, and science; and

(4) the use and effectiveness of alternate assessments in appropriately measuring student progress and outcomes specific to individualized instructional need.

(d) Annual report

The Secretary shall provide an annual report to Congress that—

(1) summarizes the research conducted under part E of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 [20 U.S.C. 9567 et seq.];

(2) analyzes and summarizes the data reported by the States and the Secretary of the Interior under section 1418 of this title;

(3) summarizes the studies and evaluations conducted under this section and the timeline for their completion;

(4) describes the extent and progress of the assessment of national activities; and

(5) describes the findings and determinations resulting from reviews of State implementation of this chapter.

(e) Authorized activities

In carrying out this section, the Secretary may support objective studies, evaluations, and assessments, including studies that—

(1) analyze measurable impact, outcomes, and results achieved by State educational agencies and local educational agencies through their activities to reform policies, procedures, and practices designed to improve educational and transitional services and results for children with disabilities;

(2) analyze State and local needs for professional development, parent training, and other appropriate activities that can reduce the need for disciplinary actions involving children with disabilities;

(3) assess educational and transitional services and results for children with disabilities from minority backgrounds, including—

(A) data on—

(i) the number of minority children who are referred for special education evaluation;

(ii) the number of minority children who are receiving special education and related services and their educational or other service placement;

(iii) the number of minority children who graduated from secondary programs with a regular diploma in the standard number of years; and

(iv) the number of minority children who drop out of the educational system; and

(B) the performance of children with disabilities from minority backgrounds on State assessments and other performance indicators established for all students;

(4) measure educational and transitional services and results for children with disabilities served under this chapter, including longitudinal studies that—

(A) examine educational and transitional services and results for children with disabilities who are 3 through 17 years of age and are receiving special education and related services under this chapter, using a national, representative sample of distinct age cohorts and disability categories; and

(B) examine educational results, transition services, postsecondary placement, and employment status for individuals with disabilities, 18 through 21 years of age, who are receiving or have received special education and related services under this chapter; and

(5) identify and report on the placement of children with disabilities by disability category.

(f) Study

The Secretary shall study, and report to Congress regarding, the extent to which States adopt policies described in section 1435(c)(1) of this title and on the effects of those policies.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §664, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2783.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is title I of Pub. L. 107–279, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1941. Part E of the Act is classified generally to part E (§9567 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 76 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9501 of this title and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 582 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 17: NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION PROGRAM / Subchapter VIII: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 582: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(h)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(h)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174
Status: repealed

Section 582, Pub. L. 85–864, title X, §1002, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1602, authorized Commissioner to appoint advisory committees to advise and consult with respect to administration of National Defense Act, prescribed a membership of twelve, four each from fields of science (engineering, mathematics, or science), humanities, and other appropriate fields, and provided for compensation ($50 per day limitation) and travel expenses of committee members.

Section 583, Pub. L. 85–864, title X, §1003, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1603, exempted members of advisory committees or information councils from conflict-of-interest laws, with certain exceptions.
20 U.S.C. § 1140b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1140b: Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements authorized
Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements authorized
Status: in_force

(a) Competitive grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements authorized

(1) In general

From amounts appropriated under section 1140e of this title, the Secretary may award grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education to enable the institutions to carry out the activities under subsection (b).

(2) Awards for professional development and technical assistance

Not less than two grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, or a combination of such awards shall be awarded to institutions of higher education that provide professional development and technical assistance in order for students with learning disabilities to receive a quality postsecondary education.

(b) Duration; activities

(1) Duration

A grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under this subpart shall be awarded for a period of three years.

(2) Authorized activities

A grant, contract, or cooperative agreement awarded under this subpart shall be used to carry out one or more of the following activities:

(A) Teaching methods and strategies

The development of innovative, effective, and efficient teaching methods and strategies, consistent with the principles of universal design for learning, to provide postsecondary faculty, staff, and administrators with the skills and supports necessary to teach and meet the academic and programmatic needs of students with disabilities, in order to improve the retention of such students in, and the completion by such students of, postsecondary education. Such methods and strategies may include in-service training, professional development, customized and general technical assistance, workshops, summer institutes, distance learning, and training in the use of assistive and educational technology.

(B) Effective transition practices

The development of innovative and effective teaching methods and strategies to provide postsecondary faculty, staff, and administrators with the skill and supports necessary to ensure the successful and smooth transition of students with disabilities from secondary school to postsecondary education.

(C) Synthesizing research and information

The synthesis of research and other information related to the provision of postsecondary educational services to students with disabilities, including data on the impact of a postsecondary education on subsequent employment of students with disabilities. Such research, information, and data shall be made publicly available and accessible.

(D) Distance learning

The development of innovative and effective teaching methods and strategies to provide postsecondary faculty, staff, and administrators with the ability to provide accessible distance education programs or classes that would enhance the access of students with disabilities to postsecondary education, including the use of accessible curricula and electronic communication for instruction and advising.

(E) Disability career pathways

(i) In general

The provision of information, training, and technical assistance to secondary and postsecondary faculty, staff, and administrators with respect to disability-related fields that would enable such faculty, staff, and administrators to—

(I) encourage interest and participation in such fields, among students with disabilities and other students;

(II) enhance awareness and understanding of such fields among students with disabilities and other students;

(III) provide educational opportunities in such fields for students with disabilities and other students;

(IV) teach practical skills related to such fields to students with disabilities and other students; and

(V) offer work-based opportunities in such fields to students with disabilities and other students.

(ii) Development

The training and support described in subclauses (I) through (V) of clause (i) may include offering students—

(I) credit-bearing postsecondary-level coursework; and

(II) career and educational counseling.

(F) Professional development and training sessions

The conduct of professional development and training sessions for postsecondary faculty, staff, and administrators from other institutions of higher education to enable such individuals to meet the educational needs of students with disabilities.

(G) Accessibility of education

Making postsecondary education more accessible to students with disabilities through curriculum development, consistent with the principles of universal design for learning.

(3) Mandatory evaluation and dissemination

An institution of higher education awarded a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under this subpart shall evaluate and disseminate to other institutions of higher education, the information obtained through the activities described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of paragraph (2).

(c) Considerations in making awards

In awarding grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements under this subpart, the Secretary shall consider the following:

(1) Geographic distribution

Providing an equitable geographic distribution of such awards.

(2) Rural and urban areas

Distributing such awards to urban and rural areas.

(3) Range and type of institution

Ensuring that the activities to be assisted are developed for a range of types and sizes of institutions of higher education.

(4) Prior experience or exceptional programs

Distributing the awards to institutions of higher education with demonstrated prior experience in, or exceptional programs for, meeting the postsecondary educational needs of students with disabilities.

(d) Reports

(1) Initial report

Not later than one year after August 14, 2008, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the authorizing committees, and make available to the public, a report on all demonstration projects awarded grants under this part for any of fiscal years 1999 through 2008, including a review of the activities and program performance of such demonstration projects based on existing information as of the date of the report.

(2) Subsequent report

Not later than three years after the date of the first award of a grant under this subpart after August 14, 2008, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the authorizing committees, and make available to the public, a report that—

(A) reviews the activities and program performance of the demonstration projects authorized under this subpart; and

(B) provides guidance and recommendations on how effective projects can be replicated.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §762, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3362.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1140b, Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §763, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VII, §701, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1802, related to applications, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3361.

A prior section 762 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1140a of this title, prior to repeal by Pub L. 110–315.

Another prior section 762 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132g–1 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 762 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132d–1 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.
20 U.S.C. § 1161d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IX: ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1161d: Capacity for nursing students and faculty
Capacity for nursing students and faculty
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

From the amounts appropriated under subsection (f), the Secretary shall award grants to institutions of higher education that offer—

(1) an accredited registered nursing program at the baccalaureate or associate degree level to enable such program to expand the faculty and facilities of such program to accommodate additional students in such program; or

(2) an accredited graduate-level nursing program to accommodate advanced practice degrees for registered nurses or to accommodate students enrolled in such program to become teachers of nursing students.

(b) Determination of number of students and application

Each institution of higher education that offers a program described in subsection (a) that desires to receive a grant under this section shall—

(1) determine, for the four academic years preceding the academic year for which the determination is made, the average number of matriculated nursing program students, in each of the institution's accredited associate, baccalaureate, or advanced nursing degree programs at such institution for such academic years;

(2) submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may require, including the average number in each of the institution's accredited nursing programs determined under paragraph (1); and

(3) with respect to the partnerships described in subsection (c)(2)(B), provide assurances that—

(A) the individuals enrolled in the program will—

(i) be registered nurses in pursuit of a master's or doctoral degree in nursing; and

(ii) have a contractual obligation with the hospital or health facility that is in partnership with the institution of higher education;

(B) the hospital or health facility of employment will be the clinical site for the accredited school of nursing program, if the program requires a clinical site;

(C) individuals enrolled in the program will—

(i) maintain their employment on at least a part-time basis with the hospital or health facility that allowed them to participate in the program; and

(ii) receive an income from the hospital or health facility, as at least a part-time employee, and release times or flexible schedules, to accommodate their program requirements, as necessary; and

(D) upon completion of the program, recipients of scholarships described in subsection (c)(2)(B)(ii)(III) will be required to teach for two years in an accredited school of nursing for each year of support the individual received under this section.

(c) Grant amount; award basis

(1) Grant amount

For each academic year after academic year 2009–2010, the Secretary is authorized to provide to each institution of higher education awarded a grant under this section an amount that is equal to $3,000 multiplied by the number by which—

(A) the number of matriculated nursing program students at such institution for such academic year, exceeds

(B) the average number determined with respect to such institution under subsection (b)(1).

(2) Distribution of grants among different degree programs

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (D), from the funds available to award grants under this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall—

(i) use 20 percent of such funds to award grants under this section to institutions of higher education for the purpose of accommodating advanced practice degrees or students in accredited graduate-level nursing programs;

(ii) use 40 percent of such funds to award grants under this section to institutions of higher education for the purpose of expanding accredited registered nurse programs at the baccalaureate degree level; and

(iii) use 40 percent of such funds to award grants under this section to institutions of higher education for the purpose of expanding accredited registered nurse programs at the associate degree level.

(B) Optional uses of funds

Grants awarded under this section may be used to support partnerships with hospitals or health facilities to—

(i) improve the alignment between nursing education and the emerging challenges of health care delivery by—

(I) the purchase of distance learning technologies and expanding methods of delivery of instruction to include alternatives to onsite learning; and

(II) the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data on educational outcomes and best practices identified through the activities described in this section; and

(ii) ensure that students can earn a salary while obtaining an advanced degree in nursing with the goal of becoming nurse faculty by—

(I) funding release time for qualified nurses enrolled in the graduate nursing program;

(II) providing for faculty salaries; or

(III) providing scholarships to qualified nurses in pursuit of an advanced degree with the goal of becoming faculty members in an accredited nursing program.

(C) Considerations in making awards

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall consider the following:

(i) Geographic distribution

Providing an equitable geographic distribution of such grants.

(ii) Urban and rural areas

Distributing such grants to urban and rural areas.

(iii) Range and type of institution

Ensuring that the activities to be assisted are developed for a range of types and sizes of institutions of higher education, including institutions providing alternative methods of delivery of instruction in addition to on-site learning.

(D) Distribution of excess funds

If, for a fiscal year, funds described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A) remain available after the Secretary awards grants under this section to all applicants for the particular category of accredited nursing programs described in such clause, the Secretary shall use equal amounts of the remaining funds to award grants under this section to applicants that applied under the other categories of nursing programs.

(E) Limitation

Of the amount appropriated to carry out this section, the Secretary may award not more than ten percent of such amount for the optional purposes under subparagraph (B).

(d) Definitions

For purposes of this section:

(1) Health facility

The term "health facility" means an Indian health service center, a Native Hawaiian health center, a hospital, a federally qualified health center, a rural health clinic, a nursing home, a home health agency, a hospice program, a public health clinic, a State or local department of public health, a skilled nursing facility, or an ambulatory surgical center.

(2) Public Health Service Act

The terms "accredited" and "school of nursing" have the meanings given those terms in section 801 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 296).

(e) Prohibition

(1) In general

Funds provided under this section may not be used for the construction of new facilities.

(2) Rule of construction

Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to prohibit funds provided under this section from being used for the repair or renovation of facilities.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, §804, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, §801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3385; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title VIII, §801(2), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1955.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted "Definitions" for "Definition" in heading, added par. (2), and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The terms 'accredited school of nursing' and 'accredited nursing program' have the meaning given those terms in section 296 of title 42."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1103c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter V: DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONS / Section 1103c: Cooperative arrangements
Cooperative arrangements
Status: in_force

(a) General authority

The Secretary may make grants to encourage cooperative arrangements with funds available to carry out this subchapter, between Hispanic-serving institutions eligible for assistance under this subchapter, and between such institutions and institutions not receiving assistance under this subchapter, for the activities described in sections 1101b and 1102b of this title so that the resources of the cooperating institutions might be combined and shared in order to achieve the purposes of this subchapter, to avoid costly duplicative efforts, and to enhance the development of Hispanic-serving institutions.

(b) Priority

The Secretary shall give priority to grants for the purposes described under subsection (a) whenever the Secretary determines that the cooperative arrangement is geographically and economically sound or will benefit the applicant Hispanic-serving institution.

(c) Duration

Grants to Hispanic-serving institutions having a cooperative arrangement may be made under this section for a period determined under section 1101d of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §524, formerly §514, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title V, §501, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1773; renumbered §524 and amended Pub. L. 110–315, title V, §§502(a)(2), 504, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3331, 3333.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1103c, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §514, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title V, §501(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 675, related to applications for grants, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1103c, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §514, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title V, §501(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1497, related to amount of grants to institutions offering midcareer teacher training for nontraditional students, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

A prior section 524 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1104c of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 524 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1105c of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 524 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1114 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §504, substituted "sections 1101b and 1102b" for "section 1101b".
20 U.S.C. § 9832 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 78: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS, AND CRITICAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION / Subchapter I: TEACHER ASSISTANCE / Section 9832: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this part:

(1) Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate course

The term "Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate course" means—

(A) a course of college-level instruction provided to secondary school students, terminating in an examination administered by the College Board or the International Baccalaureate Organization, or another such examination approved by the Secretary; or

(B) another highly rigorous, evidence-based, postsecondary preparatory program terminating in an examination administered by another nationally recognized educational organization that has a demonstrated record of effectiveness in assessing secondary school students, or another such examination approved by the Secretary.

(2) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a State educational agency;

(B) a local educational agency; or

(C) a partnership consisting of—

(i) a national, regional, or statewide nonprofit organization, with expertise and experience in providing Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate services; and

(ii) a State educational agency or local educational agency.

(3) Low-income student

The term "low-income student" means an individual who is determined by a State educational agency or local educational agency to be a child ages 5 through 19, from a low-income family, on the basis of data used by the Secretary to determine allocations under section 6333 of this title, data on children eligible for free or reduced-price lunches under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act [42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.], data on children in families receiving assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.], or data on children eligible to receive medical assistance under the Medicaid program under title XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.], or through an alternate method that combines or extrapolates from those data.

(4) High concentration of low-income students

The term "high concentration of low-income students", used with respect to a school, means a school that serves a student population 40 percent or more of who are low-income students.

(5) High-need local educational agency

The term "high-need local educational agency" means a local educational agency or educational service agency described in 9812(3)(A) 1 of this title.

(6) High-need school

The term "high-need school" means a secondary school—

(A) with a pervasive need for Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate courses in mathematics, science, or critical foreign languages, or for additional Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate courses in such a subject; and

(B)(i) with a high concentration of low-income students; or

(ii) designated with a school locale code of 41, 42, or 43, as determined by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 110–69, title VI, §6122, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(i)(2), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2167.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, referred to in par. (3), is act June 4, 1946, ch. 281, 60 Stat. 230, which is classified generally to chapter 13 (§1751 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1751 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (3), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Title XIX of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XIX (§1396 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(i)(2)(A), substituted "The term 'low-income student' means an individual who is determined by a State educational agency or local educational agency to be a child ages 5 through 19, from a low-income family, on the basis of data used by the Secretary to determine allocations under section 6333 of this title, data on children eligible for free or reduced-price lunches under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, data on children in families receiving assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act, or data on children eligible to receive medical assistance under the Medicaid program under title XIX of the Social Security Act, or through an alternate method that combines or extrapolates from those data." for "The term 'low-income student' has the meaning given the term 'low-income individual' in section 6537(3) of this title."

Par. (4). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(i)(2)(B), substituted "The term 'high concentration of low-income students', used with respect to a school, means a school that serves a student population 40 percent or more of who are low-income students." for "The term 'high concentration of low-income students' has the meaning given the term in section 6537(2) of this title."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "section".
20 U.S.C. § 421 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 17: NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION PROGRAM / Subchapter II: LOANS TO STUDENTS IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING / Section 421: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

This subchapter has not been funded since fiscal year 1975.

Section 421, Pub. L. 85–864, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1583; Pub. L. 87–344, title II, §201(a), Oct. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §202(a), formerly §22(a), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 415, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title II, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title II, §201, Oct. 16, 1964, 75 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 89–752, §15, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §171(a), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1034; Pub. L. 91–95, §3, Oct. 22, 1969, 83 Stat. 143; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §137(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 272; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized appropriations for the years ending June 30, 1959, to June 30, 1972, and each of the next three fiscal years as necessary, for low-interest loans to students in institutes of higher education under sections 421 to 425 and 427 to 429 of this title.

Section 422, Pub. L. 85–864, title II, §202, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1583; Pub. L. 87–344, title II, §201(b), Oct. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 759; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §202(b), formerly §22(b), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 416, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title II, §202, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §171(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1034; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to allotments to States from funds appropriated under section 421 of this title.

Section 423, Pub. L. 85–864, title II, §203, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 88–210; title II, §202(c), formerly §22(c), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 416, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title II, §203, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §174(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1035; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §137(b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 272; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to Federal capital contributions to State institutions of higher education.

Section 424, Pub. L. 85–864, title II, §204, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 88–665, title II, §204(a), Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §§492, 496(b), formerly §§462, 466(b), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1252, 1254, renumbered and amended Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §§141, 172, 175, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1030, 1034, 1035; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to conditions of agreements between Secretary of Education and institutions of higher education and reimbursement of administrative expenses to such institutions.

Section 425, Pub. L. 85–864, title II, §205, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1584; Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §20, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 623; Pub. L. 87–400, §1(a), Oct. 5, 1961, 75 Stat. 832; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §202(d)(1), (2), formerly §22(d)(1), (2), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 416, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title II, §205(a), (b), Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1101, 1102; Pub. L. 89–253, §31(a), Oct. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §§493(a), (b), 494(a), 495(a), 496(a), formerly §§463(a), (b), 464(a), 465(a), 466(a), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1252, 1253; Pub. L. 89–572, §5(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 89–752, §16(a), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 89–794, title XI, §1101(a), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1476; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §§141, 173(a), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1030, 1034; Pub. L. 91–230, title V, §501(a), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to terms of loans made to students from loan funds established by institutions of higher education.
20 U.S.C. § 6602 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6602: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) School leader residency program

The term "school leader residency program" means a school-based principal or other school leader preparation program in which a prospective principal or other school leader—

(A) for 1 academic year, engages in sustained and rigorous clinical learning with substantial leadership responsibilities and an opportunity to practice and be evaluated in an authentic school setting; and

(B) during that academic year—

(i) participates in evidence-based coursework, to the extent the State (in consultation with local educational agencies in the State) determines that such evidence is reasonably available, that is integrated with the clinical residency experience; and

(ii) receives ongoing support from a mentor principal or other school leader, who is effective.

(2) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(3) State authorizer

The term "State authorizer" means an entity designated by the Governor of a State to recognize teacher, principal, or other school leader preparation academies within the State that—

(A) enters into an agreement with a teacher, principal, or other school leader preparation academy that specifies the goals expected of the academy, as described in paragraph (4)(A)(i);

(B) may be a nonprofit organization, State educational agency, or other public entity, or consortium of such entities (including a consortium of States); and

(C) does not reauthorize a teacher, principal, or other school leader preparation academy if the academy fails to produce the minimum number or percentage of effective teachers or principals or other school leaders, respectively (as determined by the State), identified in the academy's authorizing agreement.

(4) Teacher, principal, or other school leader preparation academy

The term "teacher, principal, or other school leader preparation academy" means a public or other nonprofit entity, which may be an institution of higher education or an organization affiliated with an institution of higher education, that establishes an academy that will prepare teachers, principals, or other school leaders to serve in high-needs schools, and that—

(A) enters into an agreement with a State authorizer that specifies the goals expected of the academy, including—

(i) a requirement that prospective teachers, principals, or other school leaders who are enrolled in the academy receive a significant part of their training through clinical preparation that partners the prospective candidate with an effective teacher, principal, or other school leader, as determined by the State, respectively, with a demonstrated record of increasing student academic achievement, including for the subgroups of students defined in section 6311(c)(2) of this title, while also receiving concurrent instruction from the academy in the content area (or areas) in which the prospective teacher, principal, or other school leader will become certified or licensed that links to the clinical preparation experience;

(ii) the number of effective teachers, principals, or other school leaders, respectively, who will demonstrate success in increasing student academic achievement that the academy will prepare; and

(iii) a requirement that the academy will award a certificate of completion (or degree, if the academy is, or is affiliated with, an institution of higher education) to a teacher only after the teacher demonstrates that the teacher is an effective teacher, as determined by the State, with a demonstrated record of increasing student academic achievement either as a student teacher or teacher-of-record on an alternative certificate, license, or credential;

(iv) a requirement that the academy will award a certificate of completion (or degree, if the academy is, or is affiliated with, an institution of higher education) to a principal or other school leader only after the principal or other school leader demonstrates a record of success in improving student performance; and

(v) timelines for producing cohorts of graduates and conferring certificates of completion (or degrees, if the academy is, or is affiliated with, an institution of higher education) from the academy;

(B) does not have unnecessary restrictions on the methods the academy will use to train prospective teacher, principal, or other school leader candidates, including—

(i) obligating (or prohibiting) the academy's faculty to hold advanced degrees or conduct academic research;

(ii) restrictions related to the academy's physical infrastructure;

(iii) restrictions related to the number of course credits required as part of the program of study;

(iv) restrictions related to the undergraduate coursework completed by teachers teaching or working on alternative certificates, licenses, or credentials, as long as such teachers have successfully passed all relevant State-approved content area examinations; or

(v) restrictions related to obtaining accreditation from an accrediting body for purposes of becoming an academy;

(C) limits admission to its program to prospective teacher, principal, or other school leader candidates who demonstrate strong potential to improve student academic achievement, based on a rigorous selection process that reviews a candidate's prior academic achievement or record of professional accomplishment; and

(D) results in a certificate of completion or degree that the State may, after reviewing the academy's results in producing effective teachers, or principals, or other school leaders, respectively (as determined by the State) recognize as at least the equivalent of a master's degree in education for the purposes of hiring, retention, compensation, and promotion in the State.

(5) Teacher residency program

The term "teacher residency program" means a school-based teacher preparation program in which a prospective teacher—

(A) for not less than 1 academic year, teaches alongside an effective teacher, as determined by the State or local educational agency, who is the teacher of record for the classroom;

(B) receives concurrent instruction during the year described in subparagraph (A)—

(i) through courses that may be taught by local educational agency personnel or by faculty of the teacher preparation program; and

(ii) in the teaching of the content area in which the teacher will become certified or licensed; and

(C) acquires effective teaching skills, as demonstrated through completion of a residency program, or other measure determined by the State, which may include a teacher performance assessment.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2002, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1914.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6602, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2102, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1620, defined terms in part A of former subchapter II of this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Another prior section 6602, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2002, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3613, set forth purposes of this subchapter, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 2002 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 2982 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 355e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 16: PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION / Subchapter III: INTERLIBRARY COOPERATION AND RESOURCE SHARING / Section 355e: title VII, §708(a)
title VII, §708(a)
Status: in_force

Section 355e, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title III, §301, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 314; amended Dec. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), 84 Stat. 1668; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–480, title I, §§103(b)(1), 113(b), 98 Stat. 2237, 2242; Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §18(a), 104 Stat. 106, authorized Secretary to make grants to States for interlibrary cooperation and resource sharing.

Section 355e–1, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title III, §302, as added and amended July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §§9, 12(a), 80 Stat. 314, 318; Dec. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), 84 Stat. 1669; Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §16(d), 104 Stat. 106, related to payment and amount of Federal share of cost of carrying out State plans submitted and approved under section 355e–2 of this title.

Section 355e–2, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title III, §303, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 314; amended Nov. 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–154, §1, 81 Stat. 509; Dec. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), 84 Stat. 1669; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–480, title I, §§103(b)(1), 113(c), 98 Stat. 2237, 2242, required submission of annual program for interlibrary cooperation by any State desiring to receive grant from its allotment and specified contents of such program.

Section 355e–3, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title III, §304, as added Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–480, title I, §113(d), 98 Stat. 2242; amended Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §18, 104 Stat. 106, related to statewide resource sharing plans in State annual and long-term programs.

A prior section 355e–3, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title III, §304, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 314, set forth the criteria for approval by the Commissioner of State plans for interlibrary cooperation, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), Dec. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1660, effective after June 30, 1971.

Section 355e–4, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title III, §305, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §19, 104 Stat. 106, related to statewide preservation cooperation plans in State annual and long-range programs, specified plan compliance requirements, authorized use of funds to carry out such plans, and granted State library administrative agency authority to contract part or all of preservation program under this section to other agencies or institutions.

Prior sections 355f to 358 were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), Dec. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1660, effective after June 30, 1971.

Prior sections 355f to 355f–7 comprised former subchapter IV of this chapter relating to specialized State library services.

Prior sections 356 to 358 comprised former subchapter V of this chapter relating to the administration of this chapter.

Section 355f, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §401, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 315, authorized appropriations for State institutional library services.

Section 355f–1, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §402, as added and amended July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §§9, 12(a), 80 Stat. 315, 318, set forth the amount of allotments authorized to be made by the Commissioner to States, Guam, etc.

Section 355f–2, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §403, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 315; amended Nov. 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–154, §2, 81 Stat. 509, related to the payment to the States of the Federal share and the determination of the amount of such payment.

Section 355f–3, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §404, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 316; amended Nov. 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–154, §3, 81 Stat. 509, set forth the criteria for approval by the Commissioner of State plans for institutional library services.

Section 355f–4, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §411, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 316, authorized appropriations for State library services to the physically handicapped.

Section 355f–5, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §412, as added and amended July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §§9, 12(a), 80 Stat. 316, 318, set forth the amount of allotments authorized to be made by the Commissioner to States, Guam, etc.

Section 355f–6, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §413, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 317; amended Nov. 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–154, §4, 81 Stat. 509, related to the payment to the States of the Federal share and the determination of the amount of such payment.

Section 355f–7, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title IV, §414, as added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §9, 80 Stat. 317; amended Nov. 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–154, §5, 81 Stat. 509, set forth the criteria for approval by the Commissioner of State plans for library services to the physically handicapped.

Section 356, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title V, §501, formerly §7, 70 Stat. 295, renumbered §301 and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §7(f), (g), 78 Stat. 14, renumbered §501, July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §10(b), 80 Stat. 317, authorized the Commissioner to withhold payments to the States, enumerated the grounds for such withholding, and provided that notice and an opportunity for a hearing to be accorded to the appropriate State agency.

Section 357, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title V, §502, formerly §8, 70 Stat. 295, renumbered §302 and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §§1(d), 7(f), 8, 78 Stat. 11, 14, 15, renumbered §502 and amended July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §10(b), (c), (e), 80 Stat. 317, 318, set forth the administrative provisions of this chapter.

Section 357a, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title V, §503, formerly §303, as added Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §7(h), 78 Stat. 14, renumbered and amended July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §10(b), 80 Stat. 317, provided for the reallotment of unused funds under conditions determined by the Commissioner.

Section 358, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title V, §504, formerly §9, 70 Stat. 296; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 852, §25(d), 70 Stat. 911; Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86–679, §5, 74 Stat. 572; Sept. 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–688, §5(a)(3), 76 Stat. 587, renumbered §304 and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §§1(e), 7(b), (f), 9, 78 Stat. 11, 14, 16, renumbered §504, and amended July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §§10(b), 12(a), 80 Stat. 317, 318; Nov. 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90–154, §6, 81 Stat. 509, defined the terms "State", "State library administrative agency", "public library", "construction", and "Secretary".
20 U.S.C. § 2901 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: BASIC PROGRAMS / Section 2901: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1491, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 202, which contained transition provisions, was omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Prior sections 2901 to 2904 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 2901, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §221, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title II, §201, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2204, set out statement of purpose for basic skills improvement program.

Section 2902, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §222, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title II, §201, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2205; amended Pub. L. 96–46, §1(12), Aug. 6, 1979, 93 Stat. 339, related to agreements with State educational agencies.

Section 2903, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §223, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title II, §201, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2207, related to distribution of grants by the Secretary.

Section 2904, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §224, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title II, §201, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2207, provided for a State leadership program.
20 U.S.C. § 4702 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 59: BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4702: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) The term "Foundation" means the Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation established under section 4703(a) of this title.

(2) The term "Board" means the Board of Trustees of the Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation established under section 4703(b) of this title.

(3) The term "fund" means the Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Fund provided for under section 4707 of this title.

(4) The term "institution of higher education" means any such institution as defined in section 1001 of this title.

(5) The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and any other territory or possession of the United States.

(6) The term "eligible person" means—

(A) a permanent resident alien of the United States;

(B) a citizen or national of the United States;

(C) a citizen of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federal States of Micronesia, or the Republic of Palau; or

(D) any person who may be admitted to lawfully engage in occupations and establish residence as a nonimmigrant in the United States as permitted under the Compact of Free Association agreements with the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federal States of Micronesia, or the Republic of Palau.

(Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIV, §1403, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4008; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(a)(6)(H), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXIII, §6302, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2393.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Par. (5). Pub. L. 117–81, §6302(1), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "The term 'State' means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and, considered as a single entity, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas."

Par. (6). Pub. L. 117–81, §6302(2), added par. (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "The term 'eligible person' means a citizen or national of the United States or a permanent resident alien of the United States."

1998—Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "section 1001" for "section 1141(a)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
20 U.S.C. § 802 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 23: TRAINING AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / Section 802: Fellowships for city planning, management, housing specialists, and persons with general capacity in urban affairs and problems
Fellowships for city planning, management, housing specialists, and persons with general capacity in urban affairs and problems
Status: in_force

(a) Criteria

The Secretary is authorized to provide fellowships for the graduate training of professional city planning, management, and housing specialists, and other persons who wish to develop a general capacity in urban affairs and problems as herein provided. Persons shall be selected for such fellowships solely on the basis of ability and upon the recommendation of the Urban Studies Fellowship Advisory Board established pursuant to subsection (b). Fellowships shall be solely for training in public and private nonprofit institutions of higher education having programs of graduate study in the field of city planning or in related fields (including architecture, civil engineering, economics, municipal finance, public administration, urban affairs, and sociology) which programs are oriented to training for careers in city and regional planning, housing, urban renewal, and community development.

(b) Urban Studies Fellowship Board

There is hereby established the Urban Studies Fellowship Advisory Board (hereinafter referred to as the "Board"), which shall consist of nine members to be appointed by the Secretary as follows: Three from public institutions of higher learning and three from private nonprofit institutions of higher education, who are the heads of departments which provide academic courses appropriately related to the fields referred to in subsection (a), and three from national organizations which are directly concerned with problems relating to urban, regional, and community development. The Board shall meet upon the request of the Secretary and shall make recommendations to him with respect to persons to be selected for fellowships under this section. Members of the Board shall be entitled to receive transportation expenses and a per diem in lieu of subsistence as authorized for members of advisory committees created pursuant to section 1701h of title 12.

(Pub. L. 88–560, title VIII, §802, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1103(a), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 90–19, §21(d), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 26; Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1707(a)(2), (3), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 91–152, title III, §307, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 93–383, title IV, §402(b), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 691.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 93–383, §402, provided for amendments to title VIII of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1964. The amendments of the enumerated sections of such title VIII have been executed to comparable sections of title VIII of the Housing Act of 1964 as the probable intent of Congress.

Amendments

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383 expanded authority of Secretary to include fellowships in graduate training in city management and for persons wishing to develop a general capacity in urban affairs and added urban affairs to authorized fields of study.

1969—Pub. L. 91–152 substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary to grant fellowships solely on the basis of ability for training in city planning at public and private nonprofit institutions of higher education and establishing the Urban Studies Fellowship Advisory Board for provisions authorizing the Secretary to make matching grants to States to assist in programs providing special training in community development and to support local research and setting forth the provisions required in any plan submitted to the Secretary in order to obtain grants. The former provisions of this section are now set forth in section 803 of this title with minor amendments.

1968—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–448 substituted "technical, professional, and other persons with the capacity to master and employ such skills" for "technical and professional people", and inserted provisions to include employment by a private nonprofit organization which is conducting or has responsibility for housing and community development programs.

1967—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.

1965—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–117 substituted "$30,000,000" for "$10,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Boards

Advisory boards in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a board established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such board is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a board established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
20 U.S.C. § 1226a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter II: APPROPRIATIONS AND EVALUATIONS / Section 1226a: Contingent extension of programs
Contingent extension of programs
Status: in_force

(a) Automatic extension

The authorization of appropriations for, or duration of, an applicable program shall be automatically extended for one additional fiscal year unless Congress, in the regular session that ends prior to the beginning of the terminal fiscal year of such authorization or duration, has passed legislation that becomes law and extends or repeals the authorization or duration of such program.

(b) Amount of appropriation

The amount authorized to be appropriated for the period of automatic extension under subsection (a) of an applicable program shall be the amount authorized to be appropriated for such program for the terminal fiscal year of the applicable program.

(c) Acts and determinations necessary for program continuation

If the Secretary is required, in the terminal fiscal year of an applicable program, to carry out certain acts or make certain determinations that are necessary for the continuation of such program, such acts or determinations shall be required to be carried out or made during the period of automatic extension under subsection (a).

(d) Application to commissions, councils, and committees required by law to terminate

This section shall not apply to the authorization of appropriations for a commission, council, or committee which is required by an applicable statute to terminate on a date certain.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §422, formerly §414, as added Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §506(a)(2)(B), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 563; amended Pub. L. 96–374, title XIII, §1301, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1496; renumbered §422 and amended Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §§212(b)(1), 233, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913, 3915.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 422 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 431, and is classified to section 1231a of this title.

Another prior section 422 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 438, and is classified to section 1232a of this title.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–382, §233, amended section generally, revising and restating former subsecs. (a) and (b) as subsecs. (a) to (c) and adding subsec. (d).

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–374 inserted provisions for the automatic extension of an authorization or duration of two additional fiscal years for any applicable program authorized to be included in the Appropriation Act for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which appropriations are available for obligation.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–374 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 1393(a) of Pub. L. 96–374, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Additional Extensions Not Permitted

Pub. L. 114–105, §2(c), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2220, provided that: "Section 422 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1226a) shall not apply to further extend the duration of the authority under paragraph (1) of section 461(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087aa(b)), as amended by subsection (a)(1) of this section, beyond September 30, 2017, on the basis of the extension under such subsection."

Indochinese Refugee Children Education Assistance Programs; Applicability of Contingent Extension Provisions

Applicability of contingent extension provisions to any program of financial assistance for educational purposes for Indochinese refugee children, see section 327 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as a note under section 1225 of this title.

Limitation on Extension of Programs

Pub. L. 94–328, §2(d), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 727, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending sections 1070a, 1074, 1078 and 1078a of this title] shall not be deemed to authorize the automatic extension of the programs so amended, under section 414 [now 422] of the General Education Provisions Act [this section], beyond the date specified in such amendments."
20 U.S.C. § 1126 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VI: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 1126: Technological innovation and cooperation for foreign information access
Technological innovation and cooperation for foreign information access
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

(1) In general

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to institutions of higher education, public or nonprofit private libraries, or partnerships between such institutions and other such institutions, libraries, or nonprofit educational organizations, to develop innovative techniques or programs using electronic technologies to collect, organize, preserve, and widely disseminate information from foreign sources on world regions and countries other than the United States that address our Nation's teaching and research needs in international education and foreign languages.

(2) Grant recipients

The Secretary may award grants under this section to carry out the activities authorized under this section to the following:

(A) An institution of higher education.

(B) A public or nonprofit private library.

(C) A partnership of an institution of higher education and one or more of the following:

(i) Another institution of higher education.

(ii) A library.

(iii) A nonprofit educational organization.

(b) Authorized activities

Grants under this section may be used—

(1) to acquire, facilitate access to, or preserve foreign information resources in print or electronic forms;

(2) to develop new means of immediate, full-text document delivery for information and scholarship from abroad;

(3) to develop new means of or standards for shared electronic access to international data;

(4) to support collaborative projects of indexing, cataloging, and other means of bibliographic access for scholars to important research materials published or distributed outside the United States;

(5) to develop methods for the wide dissemination of resources written in non-Roman language alphabets;

(6) to assist teachers of less commonly taught languages in acquiring, via electronic and other means, materials suitable for classroom use;

(7) to promote collaborative technology based projects in foreign languages, area studies, and international studies among grant recipients under this subchapter;

(8) to establish linkages to facilitate carrying out the activities described in this subsection between—

(A) the institutions of higher education, libraries, and partnerships receiving grants under this section; and

(B) institutions of higher education, nonprofit educational organizations, and libraries overseas; and

(9) to carry out other activities that the Secretary determines are consistent with the purpose of the grants awarded under this section.

(c) Application

Each institution of higher education, library, or partnership desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information and assurances as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(d) Match required

The Federal share of the total cost of carrying out a program supported by a grant under this section shall not be more than 662/3 percent. The non-Federal share of such cost may be provided either in-kind or in cash, and may include contributions from private sector corporations or foundations.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §606, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VI, §601, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1781; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, §606, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3337.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1126, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §609, formerly §606, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1467; renumbered §609, Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, §605(1), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1517; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, §601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 727, related to equitable distribution of grants, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1126, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §606, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1265, related to reservation and payment of equipment grants to institutions of higher education, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

A prior section 606 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1125 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §606(1)(D), (E), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 110–315, §606(1)(A)–(C), substituted "or partnerships between such institutions and other such institutions, libraries, or nonprofit educational organizations" for "or consortia of such institutions or libraries" and "electronic technologies" for "new electronic technologies" and inserted "from foreign sources" after "disseminate information".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, §606(2)(A), substituted "to acquire, facilitate access to," for "to facilitate access to".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, §606(2)(B), inserted "or standards for" after "develop new means of".

Subsec. (b)(8), (9). Pub. L. 110–315, §606(2)(C)–(E), added pars. (8) and (9).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315, §606(3), substituted "institution of higher education, library, or partnership" for "institution or consortium".
20 U.S.C. § 3488 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 3488: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

Subject to any limitation on appropriations applicable with respect to any function or office transferred to the Secretary or the Department, there are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980 and each succeeding fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter and to enable the Secretary to administer and manage the Department. Funds appropriated in accordance with this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title IV, §427, formerly §428, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 689; renumbered §427, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §271(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 427 of Pub. L. 96–88 was classified to section 3487 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.
20 U.S.C. § 2505 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 45: CAREER EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: CAREER EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES / Section 2505: Grants or contracts
Grants or contracts
Status: in_force

(a) Information gathering; analysis of career trends and options; publication of periodic reports and reference works; conduct of seminars, workshops, etc.

The Secretary of Education shall provide, either directly or by grant or contract, for—

(1) the gathering, cataloging, storing, analyzing, and disseminating information related to the availability of, and preparation for, careers in the United States, including information concerning current career options, future career trends, and career education;

(2) the ongoing analysis of career trends and options in the United States, using information from both the public and private sectors, including such sources as the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Department of Commerce, the United States International Trade Commission, economic analysts, labor unions, and private industry;

(3) the publication of periodic reports and reference works using analysis prepared pursuant to this section and containing exemplary materials from the career education field, including research findings, results, and techniques from successful projects and programs, and highlights of ongoing analyses of career trends in the United States; and

(4) the conduct of seminars, workshops, and career information sessions for the purpose of disseminating to teachers, guidance counselors, other career educators, administrators, other education personnel, and the general public information compiled and analyzed under this section.

(b) Implementation requirements

In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, and to the extent practicable, the Secretary of Education shall (1) make use of existing offices, centers, clearinghouses, and research capabilities, (2) coordinate among the offices, centers, clearinghouses, and research capabilities in carrying out his career information responsibilities, and (3) use the career information capabilities of the Department of Education.

(Pub. L. 94–482, title III, §335, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2223; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), (b)(2), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 678, 692.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"United States International Trade Commission" substituted for "Unites States Tariff Commission" in subsec. (a)(2) pursuant to Pub. L. 93–618, §171(a), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2009, which is classified to section 2231(a) of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Effective Date

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

"Secretary of Education" substituted for "Commissioner" in text, and "Department of Education" substituted for "Education Division" in subsec. (b)(3), pursuant to sections 301(a)(1), (b)(2) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1), (b)(2) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education and transferred Education Division to Department of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 18 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 2: TEACHING OF AGRICULTURAL, TRADE, HOME ECONOMICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS / Section 18: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, title VI, §6201, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 653
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-33, title VI, §6201, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 653
Status: repealed

Section 18, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §8, 39 Stat. 933; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, required State boards to submit plans and reports to Department of Education.

Section 19, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §9, 39 Stat. 933; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to use of appropriations for salaries of teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural subjects and of teachers of trade, home economics, and industrial subjects and to requirement for State and local matching funds.

Section 20, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §10, 39 Stat. 934; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to State use of appropriations for salaries of teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural subjects under an approved plan of supervision for the State.

Section 21, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §11, 39 Stat. 934; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to State use of appropriations for salaries of teachers of trade, home economics, and industrial subjects under an approved plan of supervision for the State.

Section 22, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §12, 39 Stat. 935; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to additional requirements for State plan of supervision in order for State to use appropriations under this chapter.

Section 23, act Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §13, 39 Stat. 935, related to State custodians of funds appropriated under this chapter.

Section 24, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §14, 39 Stat. 935; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, provided for Department of Education supervision of State expenditures and for quarterly payments to States.

Section 25, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §15, 39 Stat. 936; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, provided for deductions from allotments when preceding allotments have not been expended for the purposes provided in this chapter.

Section 26, acts Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §16, 39 Stat. 936; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, provided for withholding of allotments and right to appeal withholdings.

Section 27, act Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §17, 39 Stat. 936, provided for State replacement of lost funds and for limitations on use of funds.
20 U.S.C. § 5881 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter III: STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEMIC IMPROVEMENT / Section 5881: title III, §310(i)
title III, §310(i)
Status: in_force

Section 5881, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §301, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 157, related to congressional findings.

Section 5882, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §302, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 158, stated purpose of subchapter.

Section 5883, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §303, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 158, related to authorization of appropriations.

Section 5884, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §304, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 158; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §§703(a)(8), 704], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–252, 1321–255; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to allotment of funds.

Section 5885, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §305, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 159; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §705(b)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–256; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to State applications.

Section 5886, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §306, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §§702(a), 703(a)(9), 705(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–251, 1321–253, 1321–256; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to State improvement plans.

Section 5887, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §307, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §705(c)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–256; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to Secretary's review of applications and payments.

Section 5888, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §308, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 168; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §703(a)(10)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–253; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to State use of funds.

Section 5889, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §309, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 169; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §361(c), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §§702(b), 703(a)(11)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–251, 1321–253; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to subgrants for local reform and professional development.

Section 5890, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §310, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §394(f)(4), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4028, related to availability of information and training.

Section 5891, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §311, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §394(f)(5), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4028, related to waivers of statutory and regulatory requirements.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(4) [title III, §310(i)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–265, provided that: "Titles III [enacting this subchapter] and IV [enacting subchapter IV of this chapter] of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act are repealed on September 30, 2000."
20 U.S.C. § 6191 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 69: SCHOOL-TO-WORK OPPORTUNITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 6191: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 6191 to 6196 were omitted pursuant to section 6251 of this title which provided that the authority under this chapter terminated on Oct. 1, 2001.

Section 6191, Pub. L. 103–239, title IV, §401, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 594, authorized projects to further the purposes of this chapter.

Section 6192, Pub. L. 103–239, title IV, §402, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 594, related to performance outcomes and evaluation.

Section 6193, Pub. L. 103–239, title IV, §403, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 596, related to training and technical assistance.

Section 6194, Pub. L. 103–239, title IV, §404, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 596; Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §404(e), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1986, related to Capacity Building and Information and Dissemination Network.

Section 6195, Pub. L. 103–239, title IV, §405, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 597, required reports to Congress.

Section 6196, Pub. L. 103–239, title IV, §406, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 597, related to funding.
20 U.S.C. § 1435 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1435: Requirements for statewide system
Requirements for statewide system
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A statewide system described in section 1433 of this title shall include, at a minimum, the following components:

(1) A rigorous definition of the term "developmental delay" that will be used by the State in carrying out programs under this subchapter in order to appropriately identify infants and toddlers with disabilities that are in need of services under this subchapter.

(2) A State policy that is in effect and that ensures that appropriate early intervention services based on scientifically based research, to the extent practicable, are available to all infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families, including Indian infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families residing on a reservation geographically located in the State and infants and toddlers with disabilities who are homeless children and their families.

(3) A timely, comprehensive, multidisciplinary evaluation of the functioning of each infant or toddler with a disability in the State, and a family-directed identification of the needs of each family of such an infant or toddler, to assist appropriately in the development of the infant or toddler.

(4) For each infant or toddler with a disability in the State, an individualized family service plan in accordance with section 1436 of this title, including service coordination services in accordance with such service plan.

(5) A comprehensive child find system, consistent with subchapter II, including a system for making referrals to service providers that includes timelines and provides for participation by primary referral sources and that ensures rigorous standards for appropriately identifying infants and toddlers with disabilities for services under this subchapter that will reduce the need for future services.

(6) A public awareness program focusing on early identification of infants and toddlers with disabilities, including the preparation and dissemination by the lead agency designated or established under paragraph (10) to all primary referral sources, especially hospitals and physicians, of information to be given to parents, especially to inform parents with premature infants, or infants with other physical risk factors associated with learning or developmental complications, on the availability of early intervention services under this subchapter and of services under section 1419 of this title, and procedures for assisting such sources in disseminating such information to parents of infants and toddlers with disabilities.

(7) A central directory that includes information on early intervention services, resources, and experts available in the State and research and demonstration projects being conducted in the State.

(8) A comprehensive system of personnel development, including the training of paraprofessionals and the training of primary referral sources with respect to the basic components of early intervention services available in the State that—

(A) shall include—

(i) implementing innovative strategies and activities for the recruitment and retention of early education service providers;

(ii) promoting the preparation of early intervention providers who are fully and appropriately qualified to provide early intervention services under this subchapter; and

(iii) training personnel to coordinate transition services for infants and toddlers served under this subchapter from a program providing early intervention services under this subchapter and under subchapter II (other than section 1419 of this title), to a preschool program receiving funds under section 1419 of this title, or another appropriate program; and

(B) may include—

(i) training personnel to work in rural and inner-city areas; and

(ii) training personnel in the emotional and social development of young children.

(9) Policies and procedures relating to the establishment and maintenance of qualifications to ensure that personnel necessary to carry out this subchapter are appropriately and adequately prepared and trained, including the establishment and maintenance of qualifications that are consistent with any State-approved or recognized certification, licensing, registration, or other comparable requirements that apply to the area in which such personnel are providing early intervention services, except that nothing in this subchapter (including this paragraph) shall be construed to prohibit the use of paraprofessionals and assistants who are appropriately trained and supervised in accordance with State law, regulation, or written policy, to assist in the provision of early intervention services under this subchapter to infants and toddlers with disabilities.

(10) A single line of responsibility in a lead agency designated or established by the Governor for carrying out—

(A) the general administration and supervision of programs and activities receiving assistance under section 1433 of this title, and the monitoring of programs and activities used by the State to carry out this subchapter, whether or not such programs or activities are receiving assistance made available under section 1433 of this title, to ensure that the State complies with this subchapter;

(B) the identification and coordination of all available resources within the State from Federal, State, local, and private sources;

(C) the assignment of financial responsibility in accordance with section 1437(a)(2) of this title to the appropriate agencies;

(D) the development of procedures to ensure that services are provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families under this subchapter in a timely manner pending the resolution of any disputes among public agencies or service providers;

(E) the resolution of intra- and interagency disputes; and

(F) the entry into formal interagency agreements that define the financial responsibility of each agency for paying for early intervention services (consistent with State law) and procedures for resolving disputes and that include all additional components necessary to ensure meaningful cooperation and coordination.

(11) A policy pertaining to the contracting or making of other arrangements with service providers to provide early intervention services in the State, consistent with the provisions of this subchapter, including the contents of the application used and the conditions of the contract or other arrangements.

(12) A procedure for securing timely reimbursements of funds used under this subchapter in accordance with section 1440(a) of this title.

(13) Procedural safeguards with respect to programs under this subchapter, as required by section 1439 of this title.

(14) A system for compiling data requested by the Secretary under section 1418 of this title that relates to this subchapter.

(15) A State interagency coordinating council that meets the requirements of section 1441 of this title.

(16) Policies and procedures to ensure that, consistent with section 1436(d)(5) of this title—

(A) to the maximum extent appropriate, early intervention services are provided in natural environments; and

(B) the provision of early intervention services for any infant or toddler with a disability occurs in a setting other than a natural environment that is most appropriate, as determined by the parent and the individualized family service plan team, only when early intervention cannot be achieved satisfactorily for the infant or toddler in a natural environment.

(b) Policy

In implementing subsection (a)(9), a State may adopt a policy that includes making ongoing good-faith efforts to recruit and hire appropriately and adequately trained personnel to provide early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities, including, in a geographic area of the State where there is a shortage of such personnel, the most qualified individuals available who are making satisfactory progress toward completing applicable course work necessary to meet the standards described in subsection (a)(9).

(c) Flexibility to serve children 3 years of age until entrance into elementary school

(1) In general

A statewide system described in section 1433 of this title may include a State policy, developed and implemented jointly by the lead agency and the State educational agency, under which parents of children with disabilities who are eligible for services under section 1419 of this title and previously received services under this subchapter, may choose the continuation of early intervention services (which shall include an educational component that promotes school readiness and incorporates preliteracy, language, and numeracy skills) for such children under this subchapter until such children enter, or are eligible under State law to enter, kindergarten.

(2) Requirements

If a statewide system includes a State policy described in paragraph (1), the statewide system shall ensure that—

(A) parents of children with disabilities served pursuant to this subsection are provided annual notice that contains—

(i) a description of the rights of such parents to elect to receive services pursuant to this subsection or under subchapter II; and

(ii) an explanation of the differences between services provided pursuant to this subsection and services provided under subchapter II, including—

(I) types of services and the locations at which the services are provided;

(II) applicable procedural safeguards; and

(III) possible costs (including any fees to be charged to families as described in section 1432(4)(B) of this title), if any, to parents of infants or toddlers with disabilities;

(B) services provided pursuant to this subsection include an educational component that promotes school readiness and incorporates preliteracy, language, and numeracy skills;

(C) the State policy will not affect the right of any child served pursuant to this subsection to instead receive a free appropriate public education under subchapter II;

(D) all early intervention services outlined in the child's individualized family service plan under section 1436 of this title are continued while any eligibility determination is being made for services under this subsection;

(E) the parents of infants or toddlers with disabilities (as defined in section 1432(5)(A) of this title) provide informed written consent to the State, before such infants or toddlers reach 3 years of age, as to whether such parents intend to choose the continuation of early intervention services pursuant to this subsection for such infants or toddlers;

(F) the requirements under section 1437(a)(9) of this title shall not apply with respect to a child who is receiving services in accordance with this subsection until not less than 90 days (and at the discretion of the parties to the conference, not more than 9 months) before the time the child will no longer receive those services; and

(G) there will be a referral for evaluation for early intervention services of a child who experiences a substantiated case of trauma due to exposure to family violence (as defined in section 10402 of title 42).

(3) Reporting requirement

If a statewide system includes a State policy described in paragraph (1), the State shall submit to the Secretary, in the State's report under section 1437(b)(4)(A) of this title, a report on the number and percentage of children with disabilities who are eligible for services under section 1419 of this title but whose parents choose for such children to continue to receive early intervention services under this subchapter.

(4) Available funds

If a statewide system includes a State policy described in paragraph (1), the policy shall describe the funds (including an identification as Federal, State, or local funds) that will be used to ensure that the option described in paragraph (1) is available to eligible children and families who provide the consent described in paragraph (2)(E), including fees (if any) to be charged to families as described in section 1432(4)(B) of this title.

(5) Rules of construction

(A) Services under subchapter II

If a statewide system includes a State policy described in paragraph (1), a State that provides services in accordance with this subsection to a child with a disability who is eligible for services under section 1419 of this title shall not be required to provide the child with a free appropriate public education under subchapter II for the period of time in which the child is receiving services under this subchapter.

(B) Services under this subchapter

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a provider of services under this subchapter to provide a child served under this subchapter with a free appropriate public education.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §635, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2747; amended Pub. L. 111–320, title II, §202(b), Dec. 20, 2010, 124 Stat. 3509.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1435, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §635, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 108, related to requirements for statewide system, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1435, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §635, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 185; Pub. L. 98–199, §§3(b), 11, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1372; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, §311, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 101–476, title IV, §405, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 102–119, §§9(c)(2), 10, 25(a)(13), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 595, 606, authorized appropriations, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (c)(2)(G). Pub. L. 111–320 substituted "section 10402 of title 42" for "section 10421 of title 42".
20 U.S.C. § 1101d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter V: DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONS / Section 1101d: Special rule
Special rule
Status: in_force

No Hispanic-serving institution that is eligible for and receives funds under this subchapter may receive funds under part A or B of subchapter III during the period for which funds under this subchapter are awarded.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title V, §501, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1770.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 505 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1102d of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 505 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1091d of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482.
20 U.S.C. § 7341 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: FLEXIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY / Section 7341: Short title
Short title
Status: in_force

This part may be cited as the "Rural Education Achievement Program".

(Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5201, formerly title VI, §6201, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1891; renumbered title V, §5201, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a)(2), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, 2040.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 4301 and was classified to section 7221 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Another prior section 5201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7231 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter V of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
20 U.S.C. § 1130b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VI: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 1130b: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Centers for international business education

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year 2009 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the five succeeding fiscal years to carry out the provisions of section 1130–1 of this title.

(b) Education and training programs

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009, and such sums as may be necessary for the five succeeding fiscal years, to carry out the provisions of section 1130a of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §614, formerly §613, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1469; amended Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, §612, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1519; renumbered §614 and amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §§6261(1), 6262, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1520, 1523; Pub. L. 101–600, §7, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3046; Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, §601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 733; Pub. L. 105–244, title VI, §602(c), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1783; Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, §611(c), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3339.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §611(c)(1), substituted "such sums as may be necessary" for "$11,000,000", "2009" for "1999", and "five" for "4".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, §611(c)(2), substituted "such sums as may be necessary" for "$7,000,000", "2009" for "1999", and "five" for "4".

1998—Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "1999" for "1993" in subsecs. (a) and (b).

1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:

"(a) There are authorized to be appropriated $7,500,000 for the fiscal year 1988 and for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years to carry out the provisions of section 1130–1 of this title.

"(b) There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1987, and such sums as may be necessary for the 4 succeeding fiscal years, to carry out the provisions of section 1130a of this title."

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–600 substituted "$7,500,000" for "$5,000,000" and "4 succeeding" for "3 succeeding".

1988—Pub. L. 100–418, §6262, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1987, and such sums as may be necessary for the 4 succeeding fiscal years."

1986—Pub. L. 99–498 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated $7,500,000 for fiscal year 1981 and for each of the succeeding fiscal years ending prior to October 1, 1985, to carry out the provisions of this part."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3121 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: SPECIAL PROGRAMS / Section 3121: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3121, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4401, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 242, provided that this part could be cited as the "Emergency Immigrant Education Act of 1984".

A prior section 3121, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §441, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title IV, §401, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2239; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to authorized programs and funding for guidance, counseling, and testing, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3122, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4402, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 242, defined terms used in this part.

A prior section 3122, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §442, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title IV, §401, Nov. 1, 1978, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to program requirements for guidance, counseling, and testing, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3123, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4403, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 242, related to authorization and allocation of appropriations.

A prior section 3123, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §443, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title IV, §401, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2240; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), (b)(2), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 678, 692, related to establishment by Secretary of an administrative unit to provide information and advice on guidance and counseling activities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3124, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4404, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 243, related to State administrative costs.

Section 3125, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4405, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 243, related to withholding.

Section 3126, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4406, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 243, related to State entitlements.

Section 3127, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4407, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 244, related to uses of funds.

Section 3128, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4408, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 245, related to applications.

Section 3129, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4409, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 246, related to payments.

Section 3130, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4410, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 246, related to reports.
20 U.S.C. § 4708 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 59: BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4708: Expenditures from fund
Expenditures from fund
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of the Treasury may pay to the Foundation from the interest and earnings of the fund such sums as the Board determines are necessary and appropriate to enable the Foundation to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Audits by GAO

The activities of the Foundation under this chapter may be audited by the Government Accountability Office under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States. Representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to all books, accounts, records, reports, and files and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Foundation pertaining to such activities and necessary to facilitate the audit.

(Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIV, §1409, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4011; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in two places.
20 U.S.C. § 6642 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6642: Comprehensive literacy State development grants
Comprehensive literacy State development grants
Status: in_force

(a) Grants authorized

From the amounts reserved by the Secretary under section 6621(2) of this title and not reserved under subsection (b), the Secretary shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to State educational agencies to enable the State educational agencies to—

(1) provide subgrants to eligible entities serving a diversity of geographic areas, giving priority to entities serving greater numbers or percentages of children from low-income families; and

(2) develop or enhance comprehensive literacy instruction plans that ensure high-quality instruction and effective strategies in reading and writing for children from early childhood education through grade 12, including English learners and children with disabilities.

(b) Reservation

From the amounts reserved to carry out this subpart for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve—

(1) not more than a total of 5 percent for national activities, including a national evaluation, technical assistance and training, data collection, and reporting;

(2) one half of 1 percent for the Secretary of the Interior to carry out a program described in this subpart at schools operated or funded by the Bureau of Indian Education; and

(3) one half of 1 percent for the outlying areas to carry out a program under this subpart.

(c) Duration of grants

A grant awarded under this subpart shall be for a period of not more than 5 years total. Such grant may be renewed for an additional 2-year period upon the termination of the initial period of the grant if the grant recipient demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that—

(1) the State has made adequate progress; and

(2) renewing the grant for an additional 2-year period is necessary to carry out the objectives of the grant described in subsection (d).

(d) State applications

(1) In general

A State educational agency desiring a grant under this subpart shall submit an application to the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may require. The State educational agency shall collaborate with the State agency responsible for administering early childhood education programs and the State agency responsible for administering child care programs in the State in writing and implementing the early childhood education portion of the grant application under this subsection.

(2) Contents

An application described in paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, the following:

(A) A needs assessment that analyzes literacy needs across the State and in high-need schools and local educational agencies that serve high-need schools, including identifying the most significant gaps in literacy proficiency and inequities in student access to effective teachers of literacy, considering each of the subgroups of students, as defined in section 6311(c)(2) of this title.

(B) A description of how the State educational agency, in collaboration with the State literacy team, if applicable, will develop a State comprehensive literacy instruction plan or will revise and update an already existing State comprehensive literacy instruction plan.

(C) An implementation plan that includes a description of how the State educational agency will carry out the State activities described in subsection (f).

(D) An assurance that the State educational agency will use implementation grant funds described in subsection (f)(1) for comprehensive literacy instruction programs as follows:

(i) Not less than 15 percent of such grant funds shall be used for State and local programs and activities pertaining to children from birth through kindergarten entry.

(ii) Not less than 40 percent of such grant funds shall be used for State and local programs and activities, allocated equitably among the grades of kindergarten through grade 5.

(iii) Not less than 40 percent of such grant funds shall be used for State and local programs and activities, allocated equitably among grades 6 through 12.

(E) An assurance that the State educational agency will give priority in awarding a subgrant under section 6643 of this title to an eligible entity that—

(i) serves children from birth through age 5 who are from families with income levels at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty line; or

(ii) is a local educational agency serving a high number or percentage of high-need schools.

(e) Priority

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to State educational agencies that will use the grant funds for evidence-based activities, defined for the purpose of this subsection as activities meeting the requirements of section 7801(21)(A)(i) of this title.

(f) State activities

(1) In general

A State educational agency receiving a grant under this section shall use not less than 95 percent of such grant funds to award subgrants to eligible entities, based on their needs assessment and a competitive application process.

(2) Reservation

A State educational agency receiving a grant under this section may reserve not more than 5 percent for activities identified through the needs assessment and comprehensive literacy plan described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (d)(2), including the following activities:

(A) Providing technical assistance, or engaging qualified providers to provide technical assistance, to eligible entities to enable the eligible entities to design and implement literacy programs.

(B) Coordinating with institutions of higher education in the State to provide recommendations to strengthen and enhance pre-service courses for students preparing to teach children from birth through grade 12 in explicit, systematic, and intensive instruction in evidence-based literacy methods.

(C) Reviewing and updating, in collaboration with teachers and institutions of higher education, State licensure or certification standards in the area of literacy instruction in early education through grade 12.

(D) Making publicly available, including on the State educational agency's website, information on promising instructional practices to improve child literacy achievement.

(E) Administering and monitoring the implementation of subgrants by eligible entities.

(3) Additional uses

After carrying out the activities described in paragraphs (1) and (2), a State educational agency may use any remaining amount to carry out 1 or more of the following activities:

(A) Developing literacy coach training programs and training literacy coaches.

(B) Administration and evaluation of activities carried out under this subpart.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2222, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1938.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6642, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2202, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3621, related to allocation of funds for State and local professional development activities, prior to its omission in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9534 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9534: Standards for conduct and evaluation of research
Standards for conduct and evaluation of research
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In carrying out this part, the Research Commissioner shall—

(1) ensure that all research conducted under the direction of the Research Center follows scientifically based research standards;

(2) develop such other standards as may be necessary to govern the conduct and evaluation of all research, development, and wide dissemination activities carried out by the Research Center to assure that such activities meet the highest standards of professional excellence;

(3) review the procedures utilized by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and other Federal departments or agencies engaged in research and development, and actively solicit recommendations from research organizations and members of the general public in the development of the standards described in paragraph (2); and

(4) ensure that all research complies with Federal guidelines relating to research misconduct.

(b) Peer review

(1) In general

The Director shall establish a peer review system, involving highly qualified individuals with an in-depth knowledge of the subject to be investigated, for reviewing and evaluating all applications for grants and cooperative agreements that exceed $100,000, and for evaluating and assessing the products of research by all recipients of grants and cooperative agreements under this Act.

(2) Evaluation

The Research Commissioner shall—

(A) develop the procedures to be used in evaluating applications for research grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts, and specify the criteria and factors (including, as applicable, the use of longitudinal data linking test scores, enrollment, and graduation rates over time) which shall be considered in making such evaluations; and

(B) evaluate the performance of each recipient of an award of a research grant, contract, or cooperative agreement at the conclusion of the award.

(c) Long-term research

The Research Commissioner shall ensure that not less than 50 percent of the funds made available for research for each fiscal year shall be used to fund long-term research programs of not less than 5 years, which support the priorities and mission of the Institute and the mission of the Research Center.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §134, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1957.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), means Pub. L. 107–279, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1940, which enacted this chapter and section 3419 of this title, amended sections 1232j, 3412, 3461, 6194, 6311, 6312, 7013, 7451, 7703, 7909, 9007, 9010, 9011, 9573, 9623, and 9624 and former sections 6317, 6491, 6932, 7253c, 7283b, and 7283d of this title and section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, transferred sections 9010 and 9011 of this title to sections 9621 and 9622 of this title, respectively, repealed sections 3419, 6011, 6021, 6031, 6041, 6051, 6053 to 6053e, 6054 to 6054b, 6055 to 6055h, 6056, 6056a, 9001 to 9009, and 9012 of this title, enacted provisions set out as notes under section 7703 and 9501 of this title, and repealed provisions set out as notes under sections 1221e and 9001 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 9512 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9512: Functions
Functions
Status: in_force

From funds appropriated under section 9584 of this title, the Institute, directly or through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, shall—

(1) conduct and support scientifically valid research activities, including basic research and applied research, statistics activities, scientifically valid education evaluation, development, and wide dissemination;

(2) widely disseminate the findings and results of scientifically valid research in education;

(3) promote the use, development, and application of knowledge gained from scientifically valid research activities;

(4) strengthen the national capacity to conduct, develop, and widely disseminate scientifically valid research in education;

(5) promote the coordination, development, and dissemination of scientifically valid research in education within the Department and the Federal Government; and

(6) promote the use and application of research and development to improve practice in the classroom.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §112, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1945.)
20 U.S.C. § 5701 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 67: CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS FELLOWSHIP FOUNDATION / Section 5701: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-31, div. E, title VI, §631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-31, div. E, title VI, §631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376
Status: repealed

Section 5701, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §422, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 142, stated purpose of Christopher Columbus Fellowship Program.

Section 5702, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §423, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 142, related to establishment, purposes, and Board of Trustees for the Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation.

Section 5703, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §424, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 143, related to fellowship recipients.

Section 5704, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §425, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 143, related to stipends.

Section 5705, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §426, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 143; Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VI, §623(1), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 678, related to Christopher Columbus Fellowship Fund.

Section 5706, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §427, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 144, related to audits of the activities of the Foundation.

Section 5707, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §428, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 144, related to Executive Secretary of Foundation.

Section 5708, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §429, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 144, set forth administrative provisions.

Section 5709, Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §430, as added Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VI, §623(2), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 678, authorized appropriations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, §631, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376, provided that:

"(a) Effective one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [May 5, 2017], subtitle B [§§421–430] of title IV of Public Law 102–281 [enacting this chapter] is repealed.

"(b) On the day before the date of the repeal under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer the amounts in the fund described in section 408(a) of subtitle A of title IV of such Public Law [listed in a table of Commemorative Coins under section 5112 of Title 31, Money and Finance] into the general fund of the Treasury."

Short Title

Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §400, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 139, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter and provisions set out as a note under section 5112 of Title 31, Money and Finance] may be cited as the 'Frank Annunzio Act'."

Pub. L. 102–281, title IV, §421, May 13, 1992, 106 Stat. 142, which provided that subtitle B (§§421–430) of title IV of Pub. L. 102–281, enacting this chapter, could be cited as the "Christopher Columbus Fellowship Act", was repealed by Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VI, §631(a), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 376.
20 U.S.C. § 6421 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6421: Purpose and program authorization
Purpose and program authorization
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

It is the purpose of this part—

(1) to improve educational services for children and youth in local, tribal, and State institutions for neglected or delinquent children and youth so that such children and youth have the opportunity to meet the same challenging State academic standards that all children in the State are expected to meet;

(2) to provide such children and youth with the services needed to make a successful transition from institutionalization to further schooling or employment; and

(3) to prevent at-risk youth from dropping out of school, and to provide dropouts, and children and youth returning from correctional facilities or institutions for neglected or delinquent children and youth, with a support system to ensure their continued education and the involvement of their families and communities.

(b) Program authorized

In order to carry out the purpose of this part and from amounts appropriated under section 6302(d) of this title, the Secretary shall make grants to State educational agencies to enable such agencies to award subgrants to State agencies and local educational agencies to establish or improve programs of education for neglected, delinquent, or at-risk children and youth.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1401, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1580; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1401(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1900.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6421, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1401, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3591, set out findings and purpose and authorized program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 1401 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 2821 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(1)(A), inserted ", tribal," after "youth in local" and substituted "challenging State academic standards" for "challenging State academic content standards and challenging State student academic achievement standards".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(1)(B), inserted "and the involvement of their families and communities" after "to ensure their continued education".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4011 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter V: ASBESTOS SCHOOL HAZARD ABATEMENT / Section 4011: Findings and purpose
Findings and purpose
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) exposure to asbestos fibers has been identified over a long period of time and by reputable medical and scientific evidence as significantly increasing the incidence of cancer and other severe or fatal diseases, such as asbestosis;

(2) medical evidence has suggested that children may be particularly vulnerable to environmentally induced cancers;

(3) medical science has not established any minimum level of exposure to asbestos fibers which is considered to be safe to individuals exposed to the fibers;

(4) substantial amounts of asbestos, particularly in sprayed form, have been used in school buildings, especially during the period 1946 through 1972;

(5) partial surveys in some States have indicated that (A) in a number of school buildings materials containing asbestos fibers have become damaged or friable, causing asbestos fibers to be dislodged into the air, and (B) asbestos concentration far exceeding normal ambient air levels have been found in school buildings containing such damaged materials;

(6) the presence in school buildings of friable or easily damaged asbestos creates an unwarranted hazard to the health of the school children and school employees who are exposed to such materials;

(7) the Department of Health and Human Services and the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as several States, have attempted to publicize the potential hazards to school children and employees from exposure to asbestos fibers, but there is no systematic program for remedying hazardous conditions in schools;

(8) because there is no Federal health standard regulating the concentration of asbestos fibers in noncommercial workplace environments such as schools, school employees and students may be exposed to hazardous concentrations of asbestos fibers in the school buildings which they use each day;

(9) without a program of information distribution, technical and scientific assistance, and financial support, many local educational agencies and States will not be able to mitigate the potential asbestos hazards in their schools; and

(10) the effective regulation of interstate commerce for the protection of the public health requires the establishment of programs under this subchapter to mitigate hazards from exposure to asbestos fibers and materials emitting such fibers.

(b) Purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter to—

(1) direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to establish a program to assist States and local educational agencies to ascertain the extent of the danger to the health of school children and employees from asbestos materials in schools;

(2) provide continuing scientific and technical assistance to State and local agencies to enable them to identify and abate asbestos hazards in schools;

(3) provide financial assistance for the abatement of asbestos threats to the health and safety of school children or employees; and

(4) assure that no employee of any local educational agency suffers any disciplinary action as a result of calling attention to potential asbestos hazards which may exist in schools.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title V, §502, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1287; Pub. L. 101–637, §14(a)(2), (b)(1), (2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4594, 4595.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–637, §14(a)(2), made technical amendment to section catchline.

Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 101–637, §14(b)(1), (2), inserted headings.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–637, §1, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4589, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 2656 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amending this section, sections 4012 to 4022 of this title, and sections 2643, 2646, and 2647 of Title 15, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2646 and 2656 of Title 15, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Reauthorization Act of 1990'."

Short Title

SPub. L. 98–377, title V, §501, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1287, as amended by Pub. L. 101–637, §14(a)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4594, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984'."

Findings and Purposes

Pub. L. 101–637, §2, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4589, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress finds the following:

"(1) The Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that more than forty-four thousand school buildings contain friable asbestos, exposing more than fifteen million school children and one million five hundred thousand school employees to unwarranted health hazards.

"(2) All elementary and secondary schools are required by the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act [of 1986, see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note set out under section 2601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] to inspect for asbestos, develop an asbestos management plan, and implement such plan.

"(3) The Environmental Protection Agency has estimated it will cost local education agencies more than $3,000,000,000 to comply with the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act.

"(4) Without a continuing program of information assistance, technical and scientific assistance, training, and financial support, many local educational agencies will be unable to carry out sufficient response actions to prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air.

"(5) Without the provisions of sufficient financial support, the cost to local educational agencies of implementing asbestos response actions may have an adverse impact in their educational mission.

"(6) The effective regulation of interstate commerce for the protection of human health and the environment requires the continuation of programs to mitigate hazards of asbestos fibers and materials emitting such fibers.

"(b) Purposes.—The purposes of this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] are the following:

"(1) To direct the Environmental Protection Agency to maintain a program to assist local schools in carrying out their responsibilities under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act.

"(2) To provide continuing scientific and technical assistance to State and local agencies to enable them to identify and abate asbestos health hazards.

"(3) To provide financial assistance to State and local agencies for training of persons involved with inspections and abatement of asbestos, for conducting necessary reinspections of school buildings, and for the actual abatement of asbestos threats to the health and safety of school children or employees.

"(4) To assure that no employee of a local educational agency suffers any disciplinary action as a result of calling attention to potential asbestos hazards which may exist in schools."