20 U.S.C. § 7118 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7118: Activities to support safe and healthy students
Activities to support safe and healthy students
Status: in_force

Subject to section 7116(f) of this title, each local educational agency, or consortium of such agencies, that receives an allocation under section 7115(a) of this title shall use a portion of such funds to develop, implement, and evaluate comprehensive programs and activities that—

(1) are coordinated with other schools and community-based services and programs;

(2) foster safe, healthy, supportive, and drug-free environments that support student academic achievement;

(3) promote the involvement of parents in the activity or program;

(4) may be conducted in partnership with an institution of higher education, business, nonprofit organization, community-based organization, or other public or private entity with a demonstrated record of success in implementing activities described in this section; and

(5) may include, among other programs and activities—

(A) drug and violence prevention activities and programs that are evidence-based (to the extent the State, in consultation with local educational agencies in the State, determines that such evidence is reasonably available) including—

(i) programs to educate students against the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, smokeless tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes; and

(ii) professional development and training for school and specialized instructional support personnel and interested community members in prevention, education, early identification, intervention mentoring, recovery support services and, where appropriate, rehabilitation referral, as related to drug and violence prevention;

(B) in accordance with sections 7101 and 7121 of this title—

(i) school-based mental health services, including early identification of mental health symptoms, drug use, and violence, and appropriate referrals to direct individual or group counseling services, which may be provided by school-based mental health services providers; and

(ii) school-based mental health services partnership programs that—

(I) are conducted in partnership with a public or private mental health entity or health care entity; and

(II) provide comprehensive school-based mental health services and supports and staff development for school and community personnel working in the school that are—

(aa) based on trauma-informed practices that are evidence-based (to the extent the State, in consultation with local educational agencies in the State, determines that such evidence is reasonably available);

(bb) coordinated (where appropriate) with early intervening services provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.); and

(cc) provided by qualified mental and behavioral health professionals who are certified or licensed by the State involved and practicing within their area of expertise;

(C) programs or activities that—

(i) integrate health and safety practices into school or athletic programs;

(ii) support a healthy, active lifestyle, including nutritional education and regular, structured physical education activities and programs, that may address chronic disease management with instruction led by school nurses, nurse practitioners, or other appropriate specialists or professionals to help maintain the well-being of students;

(iii) help prevent bullying and harassment;

(iv) improve instructional practices for developing relationship-building skills, such as effective communication, and improve safety through the recognition and prevention of coercion, violence, or abuse, including teen and dating violence, stalking, domestic abuse, and sexual violence and harassment;

(v) provide mentoring and school counseling to all students, including children who are at risk of academic failure, dropping out of school, involvement in criminal or delinquent activities, or drug use and abuse;

(vi) establish or improve school dropout and re-entry programs; or

(vii) establish learning environments and enhance students' effective learning skills that are essential for school readiness and academic success, such as by providing integrated systems of student and family supports;

(D) high-quality training for school personnel, including specialized instructional support personnel, related to—

(i) suicide prevention;

(ii) effective and trauma-informed practices in classroom management;

(iii) crisis management and conflict resolution techniques;

(iv) human trafficking (defined, for purposes of this subparagraph, as an act or practice described in paragraph (9) or (10) 1 of section 7102 of title 22);

(v) school-based violence prevention strategies;

(vi) drug abuse prevention, including educating children facing substance abuse at home; and

(vii) bullying and harassment prevention;

(E) in accordance with sections 7101 and 7121 of this title, child sexual abuse awareness and prevention programs or activities, such as programs or activities designed to provide—

(i) age-appropriate and developmentally-appropriate instruction for students in child sexual abuse awareness and prevention, including how to recognize child sexual abuse and how to safely report child sexual abuse; and

(ii) information to parents and guardians of students about child sexual abuse awareness and prevention, including how to recognize child sexual abuse and how to discuss child sexual abuse with a child;

(F) designing and implementing a locally-tailored plan to reduce exclusionary discipline practices in elementary and secondary schools that—

(i) is consistent with best practices;

(ii) includes strategies that are evidence-based (to the extent the State, in consultation with local educational agencies in the State, determines that such evidence is reasonably available); and

(iii) is aligned with the long-term goal of prison reduction through opportunities, mentoring, intervention, support, and other education services, referred to as a "youth PROMISE plan"; or

(G) implementation of schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports, including through coordination with similar activities carried out under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.), in order to improve academic outcomes and school conditions for student learning;

(H) designating a site resource coordinator at a school or local educational agency to provide a variety of services, such as—

(i) establishing partnerships within the community to provide resources and support for schools;

(ii) ensuring that all service and community partners are aligned with the academic expectations of a community school in order to improve student success; and

(iii) strengthening relationships between schools and communities; or

(I) pay for success initiatives aligned with the purposes of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4108, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4101, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1978.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in par. (5)(B)(ii)(II)(bb), (G), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of this title and Tables.

Paragraphs (9) and (10) of section 7102 of title 22, referred to in par. (5)(D)(iv), were redesignated pars. (11) and (12), respectively, of section 7102 of title 22 by Pub. L. 115–427, §2(1), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5503.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7118, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4118, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3685, related to programs for Native Hawaiians, and was omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 4108 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3068 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 3996 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter III: PARTNERSHIPS IN EDUCATION FOR MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING / Section 3996: Submission of applications
Submission of applications
Status: in_force

An applicant within a State that desires to receive a grant under this part 1 shall submit an application prepared in accordance with section 3995 of this title to the State educational agency for approval. Each application with respect to funds for improvement of elementary and secondary resources under section 3994(b)(1) of this title shall be submitted jointly by the local educational agency and each business concern or other party that is to participate in the activities for which assistance is sought.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title III, §326, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6031(a)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1482.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This part, referred to in text, was in the original "this chapter" and was translated as reading "this part" to reflect the probable intent of Congress because title III of Pub. L. 98–377, which comprises this subchapter, does not contain chapters.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 1234a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234a: Recovery of funds
Recovery of funds
Status: in_force

(a) Preliminary departmental decision; grounds of determination; notice requirements; prima facie case; amount of funds recoverable

(1) Whenever the Secretary determines that a recipient of a grant or cooperative agreement under an applicable program must return funds because the recipient has made an expenditure of funds that is not allowable under that grant or cooperative agreement, or has otherwise failed to discharge its obligation to account properly for funds under the grant or cooperative agreement, the Secretary shall give the recipient written notice of a preliminary departmental decision and notify the recipient of its right to have that decision reviewed by the Office and of its right to request mediation.

(2) In a preliminary departmental decision, the Secretary shall have the burden of establishing a prima facie case for the recovery of funds, including an analysis reflecting the value of the program services actually obtained in a determination of harm to the Federal interest. The facts to serve as the basis of the preliminary departmental decision may come from an audit report, an investigative report, a monitoring report, or other evidence. The amount of funds to be recovered shall be determined on the basis of section 1234b of this title.

(3) For the purpose of paragraph (2), failure by a recipient to maintain records required by law, or to allow the Secretary access to such records, shall constitute a prima facie case.

(b) Review of preliminary departmental decision; form and contents of application for review; inadequate preliminary decisions; duties of recipient to subrecipients after preliminary decision; burden of proof

(1) A recipient that has received written notice of a preliminary departmental decision and that desires to have such decision reviewed by the Office shall submit to the Office an application for review not later than 60 days after receipt of notice of the preliminary departmental decision. The application shall be in the form and contain the information specified by the Office. As expeditiously as possible, the Office shall return to the Secretary for such action as the Secretary considers appropriate any preliminary departmental decision which the Office determines does not meet the requirements of subsection (a)(2).

(2) In cases where the preliminary departmental decision requests a recovery of funds from a State recipient, that State recipient may not recover funds from an affected local educational agency unless that State recipient has—

(A) transmitted a copy of the preliminary departmental decision to any affected subrecipient within 10 days of the date that the State recipient in a State administered program received such written notice; and

(B) consulted with each affected subrecipient to determine whether the State recipient should submit an application for review under paragraph (1).

(3) In any proceeding before the Office under this section, the burden shall be upon the recipient to demonstrate that it should not be required to return the amount of funds for which recovery is sought in the preliminary departmental decision under subsection (a).

(c) Time for hearing

A hearing shall be set 90 days after receipt of a request for review of a preliminary departmental decision by the Office, except that such 90-day requirement may be waived at the discretion of the judge for good cause.

(d) Review of findings of fact in preliminary decision; conclusiveness; remand; new or modified findings

(1) Upon review of a decision of the Office by the Secretary, the findings of fact by the Office, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. However, the Secretary, for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Office to take further evidence, and the Office may thereupon make new or modified findings of fact and may modify its previous action. Such new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.

(2) During the conduct of such review, there shall not be any ex parte contact between the Secretary and individuals representing the Department or the recipient.

(e) Time for filing petition for review of preliminary decision

Parties to the proceeding shall have 30 days to file a petition for review of a decision of the administrative law judges with the Office of the Secretary.

(f) Stay of collection or other adverse action by Secretary against recipient

(1) If a recipient submits a timely application for review of a preliminary departmental decision, the Secretary shall take no collection action until the decision of the Office upholding the preliminary Department decision in whole or in part becomes final agency action under subsection (g).

(2) If a recipient files a timely petition for judicial review under section 1234g of this title, the Secretary shall take no collection action until judicial review is completed.

(3) The filing of an application for review under paragraph (1) or a petition for judicial review under paragraph (2) shall not affect the authority of the Secretary to take any other adverse action under this subchapter against the recipient.

(g) Preliminary decision as final agency action

A decision of the Office regarding the review of a preliminary departmental decision shall become final agency action 60 days after the recipient receives written notice of the decision unless the Secretary either—

(1) modifies or sets aside the decision, in whole or in part, in which case the decision of the Secretary shall become final agency action when the recipient receives written notice of the Secretary's action, or

(2) remands the decision to the Office.

(h) Publication of decisions as final agency actions

The Secretary shall publish decisions that have become final agency action under subsection (g) in the Federal Register or in another appropriate publication within 60 days.

(i) Collection amounts and procedures

The amount of a preliminary departmental decision under subsection (a) for which review has not been requested in accordance with subsection (b), and the amount sustained by a decision of the Office or the Secretary which becomes final agency action under subsection (g), may be collected by the Secretary in accordance with chapter 37 of title 31.

(j) Compromise of preliminary departmental decisions; preconditions; notice requirements

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may, subject to the notice requirements of paragraph (2), compromise any preliminary departmental decision under this section which does not exceed the amount agreed to be returned by more than $200,000, if the Secretary determines that (A) the collection of any or all or the amount thereof would not be practical or in the public interest, and (B) the practice which resulted in the preliminary departmental decision has been corrected and will not recur.

(2) Not less than 45 days prior to the exercise of the authority to compromise a preliminary departmental decision pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of intention to do so. The notice shall provide interested persons an opportunity to comment on any proposed action under this subsection through the submission of written data, views, or arguments.

(k) Limitation period respecting return of funds

No recipient under an applicable program shall be liable to return funds which were expended in a manner not authorized by law more than 5 years before the recipient received written notice of a preliminary departmental decision.

(l) Foregoing of interest during period of administrative review

No interest shall be charged arising from a claim during the administrative review of the preliminary departmental decision.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §452, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1232, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2347; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §250(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3926.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–382, §250(a)(1), substituted "establishing a prima facie case for the recovery of funds, including an analysis reflecting the value of the program services actually obtained in a determination of harm to the Federal interest." for "stating a prima facie case for the recovery of funds."

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–382, §250(a)(2), substituted "60 days" for "30 days".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–382, §250(a)(3), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to recovery of funds for provisions relating to audit determinations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1234 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 10007 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 80: STATE FISCAL STABILIZATION FUND / Section 10007: Innovation Fund
Innovation Fund
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Eligible entities

For the purposes of this section, the term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a local educational agency; or

(B) a partnership between a nonprofit organization and—

(i) one or more local educational agencies; or

(ii) a consortium of schools.

(2) Program established

From the total amount reserved under section 10001(c) of this title, the Secretary may reserve up to $650,000,000 to establish an Innovation Fund, which shall consist of academic achievement awards that recognize eligible entities that meet the requirements described in subsection (b).

(3) Purpose of awards

The Secretary shall make awards to eligible entities in order to identify, document, and bring to scale innovative best practices based on demonstrated success, to allow such eligible entities to—

(A) expand their work and serve as models for best practices; and

(B) work in partnership with the private sector and the philanthropic community.

(b) Eligibility

To be eligible for such an award, an eligible entity shall—

(1)(A) have significantly closed the achievement gaps between groups of students described in section 6311(b)(2) 1 of this title; or

(B) have demonstrated success in significantly increasing student academic achievement for all groups of students described in such section;

(2) have made significant improvement in other areas, such as graduation rates or increased recruitment and placement of high-quality teachers and school leaders, as demonstrated with meaningful data; and

(3) demonstrate that it has established one or more partnerships with the private sector, which may include philanthropic organizations, and that the private sector will provide matching funds in order to help bring results to scale.

(c) Special rule

In the case of an eligible entity that includes a nonprofit organization, the eligible entity shall be considered to have met the eligibility requirements of paragraphs (1)(A) or (1)(B) and (2) of subsection (b) if the nonprofit organization has a record of significantly improving student achievement, attainment, or retention and shall be considered to have met the requirements of subsection (b)(3) if it demonstrates that it will meet the requirement relating to private-sector matching.

(d) Subgrants

In the case of an eligible entity that is a partnership described in subsection (a)(1)(B), the partner serving as the fiscal agent may make subgrants to one or more of the other entities in the partnership.

(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, §14007, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 111–117, div. D, title III, §307, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3271.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 6311 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), was amended generally by Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1005, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1820, and, as so amended, subsec. (b)(2) does not describe achievement gaps.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–117, §307(1), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall make awards to eligible entities that have made significant gains in closing the achievement gap as described in subsection (b)(1)—

"(A) to allow such eligible entities to expand their work and serve as models for best practices;

"(B) to allow such eligible entities to work in partnership with the private sector and the philanthropic community; and

"(C) to identify and document best practices that can be shared, and taken to scale based on demonstrated success."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–117, §307(2), redesignated pars. (1), (2), (3), and (4) as (1)(A), (1)(B), (2), and (3), respectively, inserted "or" after semicolon in par. (1)(A), amended par. (1)(B) generally, and substituted "it has established one or more partnerships" for "they have established partnerships" in par. (3). Prior to amendment, par. (1)(B) read as follows: "have exceeded the State's annual measurable objectives consistent with such section 6311(b)(2) of this title for 2 or more consecutive years or have demonstrated success in significantly increasing student academic achievement for all groups of students described in such section through another measure, such as measures described in section 6311(c)(2) of this title;".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–117, §307(3), substituted "paragraphs (1)(A) or (1)(B) and (2) of subsection (b) if the nonprofit organization has a record of significantly improving student achievement, attainment, or retention and shall be considered to have met the requirements of subsection (b)(3) if it demonstrates that it will meet the requirement relating to private-sector matching" for "paragraphs (1), (2), (3) of subsection (b) if such nonprofit organization has a record of meeting such requirements".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–117, §307(4), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Grant Renewals

Pub. L. 113–76, div. H, title III, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 392, provided in part: "That the Secretary may renew a grant made under section 14007 [20 U.S.C. 10007] for additional 1-year periods, for fiscal year 2014 and thereafter, if the grantee is meeting its performance targets, up to a total award period of 6 years".

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 4506 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 57: JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 4506: Recipient's eligibility
Recipient's eligibility
Status: in_force

Each student awarded a fellowship under this chapter shall demonstrate the potential, and a serious intention, to follow a career of educating students in secondary schools. Each institution of higher education at which such a student is in attendance shall make reasonable efforts to encourage such a student to meet the objectives of this section.

Each student receiving a Fellowship under this chapter 1 shall enter into an agreement under which the recipient shall:

(a) within a 5-year period after completing the education for which the fellowship was awarded, teach on a full-time basis students in secondary school for a period of not less than one year for each year for which asistance 2 was received;

(b) repay all of the Fellowship assistance received plus interest at the rate of 6% per annum and, if applicable, reasonable collection fees for each school year for which assistance was received for which such recipient failed to teach as provided in paragraph (a); and

(c) not be considered to be in violation of the agreement entered into during any period during which the recipient:

(1) is pursuing a full-time course of study related to the field of teaching at an eligible institution;

(2) is serving, not in excess of 3 years, as a member of the armed services of the United States;

(3) is temporarily totally disabled for a period of time not to exceed 3 years as established by sworn affidavit of a qualified physician;

(4) is unable to secure employment for a period not to exceed 12 months by reason of the care required by a spouse who is disabled;

(5) is seeking and unable to find full-time employment for a single period not to exceed 12 months; or

(6) is seeking and unable to find full-time employment as a teacher.

(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title VIII, §807], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–77, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title VIII, §807], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–77.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in provisions preceding par. (a), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this title" meaning title VIII of section 101(b) of Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 which enacted this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "assistance".
20 U.S.C. § 7452 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VI: INDIAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN, AND ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION / Section 7452: Grants to tribes for education administrative planning, development, and coordination
Grants to tribes for education administrative planning, development, and coordination
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary may award grants under this section to eligible applicants to enable the eligible applicants to—

(1) promote tribal self-determination in education;

(2) improve the academic achievement of Indian children and youth; and

(3) promote the coordination and collaboration of tribal educational agencies with State educational agencies and local educational agencies to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of Indian students.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Eligible applicant

In this section, the term "eligible applicant" means—

(A) an Indian tribe or tribal organization approved by an Indian tribe; or

(B) a tribal educational agency.

(2) Indian tribe

The term "Indian tribe" means a federally recognized tribe or a State-recognized tribe.

(3) Tribal educational agency

The term "tribal educational agency" means the agency, department, or instrumentality of an Indian tribe that is primarily responsible for supporting tribal students' elementary and secondary education.

(c) Grant program

The Secretary may award grants to—

(1) eligible applicants described under subsection (b)(1)(A) to plan and develop a tribal educational agency, if the tribe or organization has no current tribal educational agency, for a period of not more than 1 year; and

(2) eligible applicants described under subsection (b)(1)(B), for a period of not more than 3 years, in order to—

(A) directly administer education programs, including formula grant programs under this chapter, consistent with State law and under a written agreement between the parties;

(B) build capacity to administer and coordinate such education programs, and to improve the relationship and coordination between such applicants and the State educational agencies and local educational agencies that educate students from the tribe;

(C) receive training and support from the State educational agency and local educational agency, in areas such as data collection and analysis, grants management and monitoring, fiscal accountability, and other areas as needed;

(D) train and support the State educational agency and local educational agency in areas related to tribal history, language, or culture;

(E) build on existing activities or resources rather than replacing other funds; and

(F) carry out other activities, consistent with the purposes of this section.

(d) Grant application

(1) In general

Each eligible applicant desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably prescribe.

(2) Contents

Each application described in paragraph (1) shall contain—

(A) a statement describing the activities to be conducted, and the objectives to be achieved, under the grant;

(B) a description of the method to be used for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities for which assistance is sought and for determining whether such objectives are achieved; and

(C) for applications for activities under subsection (c)(2), evidence of—

(i) a preliminary agreement with the appropriate State educational agency, 1 or more local educational agencies, or both the State educational agency and a local educational agency; and

(ii) existing capacity as a tribal educational agency.

(3) Approval

The Secretary may approve an application submitted by an eligible applicant under this subsection if the application, including any documentation submitted with the application—

(A) demonstrates that the eligible applicant has consulted with other education entities, if any, within the territorial jurisdiction of the applicant that will be affected by the activities to be conducted under the grant;

(B) provides for consultation with such other education entities in the operation and evaluation of the activities conducted under the grant; and

(C) demonstrates that there will be adequate resources provided under this section or from other sources to complete the activities for which assistance is sought.

(e) Restrictions

(1) In general

An Indian tribe may not receive funds under this section if the tribe receives funds under section 1140 of the Education Amendments of 1978 (20 U.S.C. 2020).1

(2) Direct services

No funds under this section may be used to provide direct services.

(f) Supplement, not supplant

Funds under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant, other Federal, State, and local programs that meet the needs of tribal students.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6132, formerly title VII, §7135, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1928; renumbered title VI, §6135, renumbered §6132, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §§6001(a), (b)(1), 6002(n)(2), (p), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, 2057, 2060.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was classified to section 7455 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7452, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6132, formerly title VII, §7132, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1924; renumbered title VI, §6132, Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §6001(a), (b)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, related to in-service training for teachers of Indian children, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title VI, §6002(n)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 2057, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Another prior section 7452, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7132, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3729, related to research activities, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 6132 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7311a of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §6001(p), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to grants to Indian tribes for education administrative planning and development.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "(25 U.S.C. 2020)".
20 U.S.C. § 72 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter II: NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART / Section 72: Board of Trustees
Board of Trustees
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established in the Smithsonian Institution a bureau, which shall be directed by a board to be known as the Trustees of the National Gallery of Art, whose duty it shall be to maintain and administer the National Gallery of Art and site thereof and to execute such other functions as are vested in the board by this subchapter. The board shall be composed as follows: The Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio; and five general trustees who shall be citizens of the United States, to be chosen as hereinafter provided. No officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be eligible to be chosen as a general trustee.

(b) Method of selection; term of office

The general trustees first taking office shall be chosen by the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, subject to the approval of the donor, and shall have terms expiring one each on July 1 of 1939, 1941, 1943, 1945, and 1947, as designated by the Board of Regents. A successor shall be chosen by a majority vote of the general trustees and shall have a term expiring ten years from the date of the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was chosen, except that a successor chosen to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of such term shall be chosen only for the remainder of such term.

(Mar. 24, 1937, ch. 50, §2, 50 Stat. 52.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Delegation of Functions by Secretary of State to Director of United States Information Agency

Pub. L. 95–426, title II, §205, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 975, as amended by Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, provided that: "The Secretary of State may delegate to the Director of the United States Information Agency, with the consent of the Director, the functions vested in the Secretary by section 2(a) of the joint resolution entitled 'Joint Resolution providing for the construction and maintenance of a National Gallery of Art', approved March 24, 1937 (20 U.S.C. 72(a))."

[For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]
20 U.S.C. § 5503 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 65: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION / Section 5503: Office of Environmental Education
Office of Environmental Education
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Administrator shall establish an Office of Environmental Education within the Environmental Protection Agency.

(b) Duties and functions

The Office of Environmental Education shall—

(1) develop and support programs and related efforts, in consultation and coordination with other Federal agencies, to improve understanding of the natural and built environment, and the relationships between humans and their environment, including the global aspects of environmental problems;

(2) support development and the widest possible dissemination of model curricula, educational materials, and training programs for elementary and secondary students and other interested groups, including senior Americans;

(3) develop and disseminate, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, not-for-profit educational and environmental organizations, State agencies, and noncommercial educational broadcasting entities, environmental education publications and audio/visual and other media materials;

(4) develop and support environmental education seminars, training programs, teleconferences, and workshops for environmental education professionals, as provided for in section 5504 of this title;

(5) manage Federal grant assistance provided to local education agencies, institutions of higher education, other not-for-profit organizations, and noncommercial education broadcasting entities, under section 5505 of this title;

(6) administer the environmental internship and fellowship programs provided for in section 5506 of this title;

(7) administer the environmental awards program provided for in section 5507 of this title;

(8) provide staff support to the Advisory Council and Task Force provided for in section 5508 of this title;

(9) assess, in coordination with other Federal agencies, the demand for professional skills and training needed to respond to current and anticipated environmental problems and cooperate with appropriate institutions, organizations, and agencies to develop training programs, curricula, and continuing education programs for teachers, school administrators, and related professionals;

(10) assure the coordination of Federal statutes and programs administered by the Agency relating to environmental education, consistent with the provisions and purposes of those programs, and work to reduce duplication or inconsistencies within these programs;

(11) work with the Department of Education, the Federal Interagency Committee on Education, and with other Federal agencies, including Federal natural resource management agencies, to assure the effective coordination of programs related to environmental education, including environmental education programs relating to national parks, national forests, and wildlife refuges;

(12) provide information on environmental education and training programs to local education agencies, State education and natural resource agencies, and others; and

(13) otherwise provide for the implementation of this chapter.

(c) Director and staff

The Office of Environmental Education shall—

(1) be directed by a Director who shall be a member of the Senior Executive Service;

(2) include a headquarters staff of not less than six and not more than ten full-time equivalent employees; and

(3) be supported by one full-time equivalent employee in each Agency regional office.

(Pub. L. 101–619, §4, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3327.)
20 U.S.C. § 58 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 58: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 424, §1, 30 Stat. 1085, which required that the salaries of officers and employees paid from appropriations under the Smithsonian Institution be reported to Congress annually, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 192 of House Document No. 103–7.
20 U.S.C. § 1091a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1091a: Statute of limitations, and State court judgments
Statute of limitations, and State court judgments
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) It is the purpose of this subsection to ensure that obligations to repay loans and grant overpayments are enforced without regard to any Federal or State statutory, regulatory, or administrative limitation on the period within which debts may be enforced.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of statute, regulation, or administrative limitation, no limitation shall terminate the period within which suit may be filed, a judgment may be enforced, or an offset, garnishment, or other action initiated or taken by—

(A) an institution that receives funds under this subchapter that is seeking to collect a refund due from a student on a grant made, or work assistance awarded, under this subchapter;

(B) a guaranty agency that has an agreement with the Secretary under section 1078(c) of this title that is seeking the repayment of the amount due from a borrower on a loan made under part B of this subchapter after such guaranty agency reimburses the previous holder of the loan for its loss on account of the default of the borrower;

(C) an institution that has an agreement with the Secretary pursuant to section 1087c or 1087cc(a) of this title that is seeking the repayment of the amount due from a borrower on a loan made under part D or E of this subchapter after the default of the borrower on such loan; or

(D) the Secretary, the Attorney General, or the administrative head of another Federal agency, as the case may be, for payment of a refund due from a student on a grant made under this subchapter, or for the repayment of the amount due from a borrower on a loan made under this subchapter that has been assigned to the Secretary under this subchapter.

(b) Assessment of costs and other charges

Notwithstanding any provision of State law to the contrary—

(1) a borrower who has defaulted on a loan made under this subchapter shall be required to pay, in addition to other charges specified in this subchapter reasonable collection costs;

(2) in collecting any obligation arising from a loan made under part B of this subchapter, a guaranty agency or the Secretary shall not be subject to a defense raised by any borrower based on a claim of infancy; and

(3) in collecting any obligation arising from a loan made under part E, an institution of higher education that has an agreement with the Secretary pursuant to section 1087cc(a) of this title shall not be subject to a defense raised by any borrower based on a claim of infancy.

(c) State court judgments

A judgment of a State court for the recovery of money provided as grant, loan, or work assistance under this subchapter that has been assigned or transferred to the Secretary under this subchapter may be registered in any district court of the United States by filing a certified copy of the judgment and a copy of the assignment or transfer. A judgment so registered shall have the same force and effect, and may be enforced in the same manner, as a judgment of the district court of the district in which the judgment is registered.

(d) Special rule

This section shall not apply in the case of a student who is deceased, or to a deceased student's estate or the estate of such student's family. If a student is deceased, then the student's estate or the estate of the student's family shall not be required to repay any financial assistance under this subchapter, including interest paid on the student's behalf, collection costs, or other charges specified in this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §484A, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1482; amended Pub. L. 102–26, §3(a), Apr. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §484, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 110–315, title IV, §486, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3290.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1091a, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §484A, as added Pub. L. 99–272, title XVI, §16033, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 355, related to statute of limitations, collection costs, and defense of infancy, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 1091a, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §502, as added Pub. L. 90–35, §2(c), June 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 82; amended Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(h)(4), title VIII, §802, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174, 190; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §141(c)(1)(A), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 285, established the National Advisory Council on Education Professions Development and set forth functions, composition, etc., of the Council, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §151(a)(2), (b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2151, effective Sept. 30, 1976.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, §486(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, §486(2), added subsec. (d).

1998—Pub. L. 105–244, §484(1), inserted ", and State court judgments" after "limitations" in section catchline.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–244, §484(2), added subsec. (c).

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–26 amended subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions eliminating statute of limitations for student loan collections for provisions establishing six year limitations period for collection of such loans.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–26, §3(c), Apr. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 125, as amended by Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, §1551, July 23, 1992, 105 Stat. 838, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective as if enacted by the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–272), and shall apply to any actions pending on or after the date of enactment of the Higher Education Technical Amendments of 1991 [Apr. 9, 1991]."
20 U.S.C. § 9109 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 9109: Prohibition on use of funds for construction
Prohibition on use of funds for construction
Status: in_force

No funds appropriated to carry out this chapter, subchapter II of this chapter, or subchapter III of this chapter may be used for construction expenses.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §210A, as added Pub. L. 108–81, title I, §105, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 997.)
20 U.S.C. § 6334 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6334: Concentration grants to local educational agencies
Concentration grants to local educational agencies
Status: in_force

(a) Eligibility for and amount of grants

(1) In general

(A) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, each local educational agency which is eligible for a grant under section 6333 of this title for any fiscal year is eligible for an additional grant under this section for that fiscal year if the number of children counted under section 6333(c) of this title in the agency exceeds either—

(i) 6,500; or

(ii) 15 percent of the total number of children aged 5 through 17 in the agency.

(B) Notwithstanding section 6332 of this title, no State shall receive less than the lesser of—

(i) 0.25 percent of the total amount allocated to States under this section for fiscal year 2001, plus 0.35 percent of the total amount allocated to States under this section in excess of the amount allocated for fiscal year 2001; or

(ii) the average of—

(I) the amount calculated under clause (i); and

(II) the greater of—

(aa) $340,000; or

(bb) the number of children in such State counted for purposes of this section in that fiscal year multiplied by 150 percent of the national average per-pupil payment made with funds available under this section for that year.

(2) Determination

For each county or local educational agency eligible to receive an additional grant under this section for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall determine the product of—

(A) the number of children counted under section 6333(c) of this title for that fiscal year; and

(B) the amount in section 6333(a)(1)(B) of this title for each State except the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the amount in section 6333(a)(4) of this title for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(3) Amount

The amount of the additional grant for which an eligible local educational agency or county is eligible under this section for any fiscal year shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount available to carry out this section for that fiscal year as the product determined under paragraph (2) for such local educational agency for that fiscal year bears to the sum of such products for all local educational agencies in the United States for that fiscal year.

(4) Local allocations

(A) Grant amounts under this section shall be determined in accordance with section 6333(a)(2), (3), and (4) of this title.

(B) For any fiscal year for which the Secretary allocates funds under this section on the basis of counties, a State may reserve not more than 2 percent of its allocation under this section to make grants to local educational agencies that meet the criteria of paragraph (1)(A)(i) or (ii) and are in ineligible counties that do not meet these criteria.

(b) Small States

In any State for which on January 8, 2002, the number of children counted under section 6333(c) of this title is less than 0.25 percent of the number of those children counted for all States, the State educational agency shall allocate funds under this section among the local educational agencies in the State either—

(1) in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (4) of subsection (a); or

(2) based on their respective concentrations and numbers of children counted under section 6333(c) of this title, except that only those local educational agencies with concentrations or numbers of children counted under section 6333(c) of this title that exceed the statewide average percentage of such children or the statewide average number of such children shall receive any funds on the basis of this paragraph.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1124A, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1521.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6334, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1124A, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3569, related to concentration grants to local educational agencies, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
20 U.S.C. § 7011 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter III: LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS / Section 7011: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided, in this subchapter:

(1) Child

The term "child" means any individual aged 3 through 21.

(2) Community-based organization

The term "community-based organization" means a private nonprofit organization of demonstrated effectiveness, Indian tribe, or tribally sanctioned educational authority, that is representative of a community or significant segments of a community and that provides educational or related services to individuals in the community. Such term includes a Native Hawaiian or Native American Pacific Islander native language educational organization.

(3) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) one or more local educational agencies; or

(B) one or more local educational agencies, in consortia or collaboration with an institution of higher education, educational service agency, community-based organization, or State educational agency.

(4) English learner with a disability

The term "English learner with a disability" means an English learner who is also a child with a disability, as that term is defined in section 1401 of this title.

(5) Immigrant children and youth

The term "immigrant children and youth" means individuals who—

(A) are aged 3 through 21;

(B) were not born in any State; and

(C) have not been attending one or more schools in any one or more States for more than 3 full academic years.

(6) Indian tribe

The term "Indian tribe" means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Native village or Regional Corporation or Village Corporation as defined in or established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], that is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians.

(7) Language instruction educational program

The term "language instruction educational program" means an instruction course—

(A) in which an English learner is placed for the purpose of developing and attaining English proficiency, while meeting challenging State academic standards; and

(B) that may make instructional use of both English and a child's native language to enable the child to develop and attain English proficiency, and may include the participation of English proficient children if such course is designed to enable all participating children to become proficient in English and a second language.

(8) Native American and Native American language

The terms "Native American" and "Native American language" shall have the meanings given such terms in section 2902 of title 25.

(9) Native Hawaiian or Native American Pacific Islander native language educational organization

The term "Native Hawaiian or Native American Pacific Islander native language educational organization" means a nonprofit organization with—

(A) a majority of its governing board and employees consisting of fluent speakers of the traditional Native American languages used in the organization's educational programs; and

(B) not less than 5 years successful experience in providing educational services in traditional Native American languages.

(10) Native language

The term "native language", when used with reference to an individual of limited English proficiency, means—

(A) the language normally used by such individual; or

(B) in the case of a child or youth, the language normally used by the parents of the child or youth.

(11) Paraprofessional

The term "paraprofessional" means an individual who is employed in a preschool, elementary school, or secondary school under the supervision of a certified or licensed teacher, including individuals employed in language instruction educational programs, special education, and migrant education.

(12) Specially qualified agency

The term "specially qualified agency" means an eligible entity in a State whose State educational agency—

(A) does not participate in a program under subpart 1 of part A for a fiscal year; or

(B) submits a plan (or any amendment to a plan) that the Secretary, after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing, determines does not satisfy the requirements of such subpart.

(13) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(14) Tribally sanctioned educational authority

The term "tribally sanctioned educational authority" means—

(A) any department or division of education operating within the administrative structure of the duly constituted governing body of an Indian tribe; and

(B) any nonprofit institution or organization that is—

(i) chartered by the governing body of an Indian tribe to operate a school described in section 6822(a) of this title or otherwise to oversee the delivery of educational services to members of the tribe; and

(ii) approved by the Secretary for the purpose of carrying out programs under subpart 1 of part A for individuals served by a school described in section 6822(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3201, formerly §3301, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1729; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §941(k)(2)(F)(i), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3466; renumbered §3201 and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title III, §§3001(5)(A), 3004(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953, 1965.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in par. (6), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6891 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Another prior section 3201 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6891 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Pars. (3), (4). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(1), (2), added pars. (3) and (4) and struck out former pars. (3) and (4) which defined "community college" and "Director", respectively.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(1), (3), redesignated par. (6) as (5) and struck out former par. (5) which defined "family education program".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(3), redesignated par. (7) as (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (5).

Par. (7). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(3), redesignated par. (8) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Par. (7)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(4), substituted "an English learner" for "a limited English proficient child" and "challenging State academic standards" for "challenging State academic content and student academic achievement standards, as required by section 6311(b)(1) of this title".

Pars. (8) to (11). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(3), redesignated pars. (9) to (12) as (8) to (11), respectively. Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Par. (12). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(3), (5), redesignated par. (13) as (12) and struck out ", as defined in section 6871 of this title," after "eligible entity" in introductory provisions. Former par. (12) redesignated (11).

Pars. (13), (14). Pub. L. 114–95, §3004(a)(3), redesignated pars. (14) and (15) as (13) and (14), respectively. Former par. (13) redesignated (12).

2008—Par. (3). Pub. L. 110–315 substituted "the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978" for "the Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance Act of 1978".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Research Relating to Bilingual Education

Pub. L. 100–297, title VI, §6211, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 429, provided that:

"(a) Research and Development.—The Secretary [of Education] shall, through competitive contracts under this section, provide financial assistance for research and development proposals submitted by institutions of higher education, private for-profit and nonprofit organizations, State and local educational agencies, and individuals.

"(b) Authorized Activities.—Research activities authorized to be assisted under this section shall include—

"(1) studies to determine and evaluate effective models for bilingual education programs;

"(2) studies which examine the process by which individuals acquire a second language and master the subject matter skills required for grade-promotion and graduation, and which identify effective methods for teaching English and subject matter skills within the context of a bilingual education program or special alternative instructional program to students who have language proficiencies other than English;

"(3) longitudinal studies to measure the effect of title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [former 20 U.S.C. 3281 et seq.] on students enrolled in programs under such title (including a longitudinal study of the impact of bilingual education programs on limited-English proficient students using a nationally representative sample of the programs funded under such title and which provides information including data on grade retention, academic performance, and dropout rates);

"(4) studies to determine effective and reliable methods for identifying students who are entitled to services under such title and for determining when their English language proficiency is sufficiently well developed to permit them to derive optimal benefits from an all-English instructional program;

"(5) the operation of a clearinghouse which shall collect, analyze, and disseminate information about bilingual education and related programs (and coordinate its activities with the National Diffusion Network);

"(6) studies to determine effective methods of teaching English to adults who have language proficiencies other than English;

"(7) studies to determine and evaluate effective methods of instruction for bilingual programs, taking into account language and cultural differences among students;

"(8) studies to determine effective approaches to preservice and inservice training for teachers, taking into account the language and cultural differences of their students;

"(9) the effect of such title on the capacity of local educational agencies to operate bilingual programs following the termination of assistance under this [such] title; and

"(10) studies to determine effective and reliable methods for identifying gifted and talented students who have language proficiencies other than English.

"(c) Consultation and Delegation of Authority.—In carrying out the responsibilities of this section, the Secretary may delegate authority to the Director, and in any event, shall consult with the Director, representatives of State and local educational agencies, appropriate groups and organizations involved in bilingual education, the Committee on Labor and Human Resources [now Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions] of the Senate, and the Committee on Education and Labor [now Committee on Education and the Workforce] of the House of Representatives.

"(d) Publication of Proposals.—The Secretary shall publish and disseminate all requests for proposals in research and development assisted under such title.

"(e) Limitation of Authority.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing the Secretary to conduct or support studies or analyses of the content of educational textbooks."

Information Regarding Bilingual Education

Pub. L. 100–297, title VI, §6213, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 429, as amended by Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1042(a), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 715, provided that: "The Secretary [of Education] shall collect data for program management and accountability purposes regarding—

"(1) a national assessment of the educational needs of children and other persons with limited English proficiency and of the extent to which such needs are being met from Federal, State, and local efforts;

"(2) a plan, including cost estimates, to be carried out during the 5-year period beginning on such date [sic], for extending programs of bilingual education and bilingual vocational and adult education programs to all such preschool and elementary schoolchildren and other persons of limited English proficiency, including a phased plan for the training of the necessary teachers and other education personnel necessary for such purpose;

"(3) a statement of the activities intended to be carried out during the succeeding period, including an estimate of the cost of such activities; and

"(4)(A) an assessment of the number of teachers and other educational personnel needed to carry out programs of bilingual education under such title [sic] and those carried out under other programs for persons of limited English proficiency;

"(B) a statement describing the activities carried out thereunder designed to prepare teachers and other educational personnel for such programs; and

"(C) the number of other educational personnel needed to carry out programs of bilingual education in the States."
20 U.S.C. § 4831 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 60: FUND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT AND REFORM OF SCHOOLS AND TEACHING / Subchapter III: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 4831: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §365, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §365, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975
Status: repealed

Section 4831, Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3231, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 341, established Fund for the Improvement and Reform of Schools and Teaching Board.

Section 4832, Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3232, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 343, related to dissemination and reporting of exemplary projects and required reports.

Section 4833, Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3233, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 343, related to coordination with Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education.
20 U.S.C. § 1092b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1092b: National Student Loan Data System
National Student Loan Data System
Status: in_force

(a) Development of System

The Secretary shall consult with a representative group of guaranty agencies, eligible lenders, and eligible institutions to develop a mutually agreeable proposal for the establishment of a National Student Loan Data System containing information regarding loans made, insured, or guaranteed under part B and loans made under parts D and E, and for allowing the electronic exchange of data between program participants and the system. In establishing such data system, the Secretary shall place a priority on providing for the monitoring of enrollment, student status, information about current loan holders and servicers, and internship and residency information. Such data system shall also permit borrowers to use the system to identify the current loan holders and servicers of such borrower's loan not later than one year after October 7, 1998. The information in the data system shall include (but is not limited to)—

(1) the amount and type of each such loan made;

(2) the names and social security numbers of the borrowers;

(3) the guaranty agency responsible for the guarantee of the loan;

(4) the institution of higher education or organization responsible for loans made under parts D and E;

(5) the exact amount of loans partially or totally canceled or in deferment for service under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), for service under the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 [42 U.S.C. 4950 et seq.], and for comparable full-time service as a volunteer for a tax-exempt organization of demonstrated effectiveness;

(6) the eligible institution in which the student was enrolled or accepted for enrollment at the time the loan was made, and any additional institutions attended by the borrower;

(7) the total amount of loans made to any borrower and the remaining balance of the loans;

(8) the lender, holder, and servicer of such loans;

(9) information concerning the date of any default on the loan and the collection of the loan, including any information concerning the repayment status of any defaulted loan on which the Secretary has made a payment pursuant to section 1080(a) of this title or the guaranty agency has made a payment to the previous holder of the loan;

(10) information regarding any deferments or forbearance granted on such loans; and

(11) the date of cancellation of the note upon completion of repayment by the borrower of the loan or payment by the Secretary pursuant to section 1087 of this title.

(b) Additional information

For the purposes of research and policy analysis, the proposal shall also contain provisions for obtaining additional data concerning the characteristics of borrowers and the extent of student loan indebtedness on a statistically valid sample of borrowers under part B. Such data shall include—

(1) information concerning the income level of the borrower and his family and the extent of the borrower's need for student financial assistance, including loans;

(2) information concerning the type of institution attended by the borrower and the year of the program of education for which the loan was obtained;

(3) information concerning other student financial assistance received by the borrower; and

(4) information concerning Federal costs associated with the student loan program under part B, including the costs of interest subsidies, special allowance payments, and other subsidies.

(c) Verification

The Secretary may require lenders, guaranty agencies, or institutions of higher education to verify information or obtain eligibility or other information through the National Student Loan Data System prior to making, guaranteeing, or certifying a loan made under part B, D, or E.

(d) Principles for administering the data system

In managing the National Student Loan Data System, the Secretary shall take actions necessary to maintain confidence in the data system, including, at a minimum—

(1) ensuring that the primary purpose of access to the data system by guaranty agencies, eligible lenders, and eligible institutions of higher education is for legitimate program operations, such as the need to verify the eligibility of a student, potential student, or parent for loans under part B, D, or E;

(2) prohibiting nongovernmental researchers and policy analysts from accessing personally identifiable information;

(3) creating a disclosure form for students and potential students that is distributed when such students complete the common financial reporting form under section 1090 of this title, and as a part of the exit counseling process under section 1092(b) of this title, that—

(A) informs the students that any subchapter IV grant or loan the students receive will be included in the National Student Loan Data System, and instructs the students on how to access that information;

(B) describes the categories of individuals or entities that may access the data relating to such grant or loan through the data system, and for what purposes access is allowed;

(C) defines and explains the categories of information included in the data system;

(D) provides a summary of the provisions of section 1232g of this title (commonly known as the "Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974") and other applicable Federal privacy statutes, and a statement of the students' rights and responsibilities with respect to such statutes;

(E) explains the measures taken by the Department to safeguard the students' data; and

(F) includes other information as determined appropriate by the Secretary;

(4) requiring guaranty agencies, eligible lenders, and eligible institutions of higher education that enter into an agreement with a potential student, student, or parent of such student regarding a loan under part B, D, or E, to inform the student or parent that such loan shall be—

(A) submitted to the data system; and

(B) accessible to guaranty agencies, eligible lenders, and eligible institutions of higher education determined by the Secretary to be authorized users of the data system;

(5) regularly reviewing the data system to—

(A) delete inactive users from the data system;

(B) ensure that the data in the data system are not being used for marketing purposes; and

(C) monitor the use of the data system by guaranty agencies and eligible lenders to determine whether an agency or lender is accessing the records of students in which the agency or lender has no existing financial interest;

(6) developing standardized protocols for limiting access to the data system that include—

(A) collecting data on the usage of the data system to monitor whether access has been or is being used contrary to the purposes of the data system;

(B) defining the steps necessary for determining whether, and how, to deny or restrict access to the data system; and

(C) determining the steps necessary to reopen access to the data system following a denial or restriction of access; and

(7) preventing access to the data system and any other system used to administer a program under this subchapter by any person or entity for the purpose of assisting a student in managing loan repayment or applying for any repayment plan, consolidation loan, or other benefit authorized by this subchapter, unless such access meets the requirements described in subsection (e).

(e) Requirements for third-party data system access

(1) In general

As provided in paragraph (7) of subsection (d), an authorized person or entity described in paragraph (2) may access the data system and any other system used to administer a program under this subchapter if that access—

(A) is in compliance with terms of service, information security standards, and a code of conduct which shall be established by the Secretary and published in the Federal Register;

(B) is obtained using an access device (as defined in section 1029(e)(1) of title 18) issued by the Secretary to the authorized person or entity; and

(C) is obtained without using any access device (as defined in section 1029(e)(1) of title 18) issued by the Secretary to a student, borrower, or parent.

(2) Authorized person or entity

An authorized person or entity described in this paragraph means—

(A) a guaranty agency, eligible lender, or eligible institution, or a third-party organization acting on behalf of a guaranty agency, eligible lender, or eligible institution, that is in compliance with applicable Federal law (including regulations and guidance); or

(B) a licensed attorney representing a student, borrower, or parent, or another individual who works for a Federal, State, local, or Tribal government or agency, or for a nonprofit organization, providing financial or student loan repayment counseling to a student, borrower, or parent, if—

(i) that attorney or other individual has never engaged in unfair, deceptive, or abusive practices, as determined by the Secretary;

(ii) that attorney or other individual does not work for an entity that has engaged in unfair, deceptive, or abusive practices (including an entity that is owned or operated by a person or entity that engaged in such practices), as determined by the Secretary;

(iii) system access is provided only through a separate point of entry; and

(iv) the attorney or other individual has consent from the relevant student, borrower, or parent to access the system.

(f) Reports to Congress

(1) Annual report

Not later than September 30 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the authorizing committees a report describing—

(A) the effectiveness of existing privacy safeguards in protecting student, borrower, and parent information in the data system;

(B) the success of any new authorization protocols in more effectively preventing abuse of the data system;

(C) the reduction in improper data system access as described in subsection (d)(7);

(D) the ability of the Secretary to monitor how the system is being used, relative to the intended purposes of the data system; and

(E) any protocols, codes of conduct, terms of service, or information security standards developed under paragraphs (6) or (7) of subsection (d) during the preceding fiscal year.

(2) Study

(A) In general

The Secretary shall conduct a study regarding—

(i) available mechanisms for providing students and parents with the ability to opt in or opt out of allowing eligible lenders to access their records in the National Student Loan Data System; and

(ii) appropriate protocols for limiting access to the data system, based on the risk assessment required under subchapter III of chapter 35 of title 44.

(B) Submission of study

Not later than three years after August 14, 2008, the Secretary shall prepare and submit a report on the findings of the study under subparagraph (A) to the authorizing committees.

(g) Standardization of data reporting

(1) In general

The Secretary shall by regulation prescribe standards and procedures (including relevant definitions) that require all lenders and guaranty agencies to report information on all aspects of loans made under this subchapter in uniform formats in order to permit the direct comparison of data submitted by individual lenders, servicers or guaranty agencies.

(2) Activities

For the purpose of establishing standards under this section, the Secretary shall—

(A) consult with guaranty agencies, lenders, institutions of higher education, and organizations representing the groups described in paragraph (1);

(B) develop standards designed to be implemented by all guaranty agencies and lenders with minimum modifications to existing data processing hardware and software; and

(C) publish the specifications selected to be used to encourage the automation of exchanges of information between all parties involved in loans under this subchapter.

(h) Common identifiers

The Secretary shall, not later than July 1, 1993—

(1) revise the codes used to identify institutions and students in the student loan data system authorized by this section to make such codes consistent with the codes used in each database used by the Department of Education that contains information of participation in programs under this subchapter; and

(2) modify the design or operation of the system authorized by this section to ensure that data relating to any institution is readily accessible and can be used in a form compatible with the integrated postsecondary education data system (IPEDS).

(i) Integration of databases

The Secretary shall integrate the National Student Loan Data System with the Pell Grant applicant and recipient databases as of January 1, 1994, and any other databases containing information on participation in programs under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §485B, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1486; amended Pub. L. 100–50, §15(13), June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 357; Pub. L. 101–239, title II, §2008, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2121; Pub. L. 101–610, title II, §204, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3172; Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §487, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 623; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(h)(38)–(41), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §487, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 110–315, title IV, §489, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3303; Pub. L. 111–39, title IV, §407(b)(7), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1952; Pub. L. 116–251, §4, Dec. 22, 2020, 134 Stat. 1130.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Peace Corps Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§2501 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of Title 22 and Tables.

The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394, which is classified principally to chapter 66 (§4950 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(2), added par. (7).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(4)(A), substituted "student, borrower, and parent" for "student and parent".

Subsec. (f)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(4)(B), (C), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

Subsec. (f)(1)(E). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(4)(B), (D), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E), struck it out, and added a new subpar. (E). Prior to amendment, subpar. read as follows: "any protocols developed under subsection (d)(6) during the preceding fiscal year."

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 116–251, §4(1), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (g) and (h), respectively.

2009—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 111–39, §407(b)(7)(A), substituted "2501 et seq.)" for "2501 et seq.))".

Subsec. (d)(3)(D). Pub. L. 111–39, §407(b)(7)(B), substituted "commonly known as the 'Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974' " for "the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974".

2008—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 110–315, §489(1)(C), which directed redesignation of par. (5) "as added by Pub. L. 101–234" as (6), was executed by redesignating par. (5) relating to eligible institutions as (6) to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Par. (5) relating to eligible institutions was added by Pub. L. 101–239.

Pub. L. 110–315, §489(1)(B), substituted "effectiveness;" for "effectiveness." in par. (5) relating to loan cancellations and deferments.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 110–315, §489(1)(C), which directed redesignation of par. (5) "as added by Pub. L. 101–234" as (6), was executed by redesignating par. (5) relating to eligible institutions as (6), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Par. (5) relating to eligible institutions was added by Pub. L. 101–239.

Subsec. (a)(7) to (11). Pub. L. 110–315, §489(1)(A), redesignated pars. (6) to (10) as (7) to (11), respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, §489(3), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–315, §489(4), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which required the Secretary to prepare and submit to appropriate committees of Congress, in each fiscal year, a report describing the results obtained by the establishment and operation of the student loan data system authorized by this section.

Pub. L. 110–315, §489(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) designated (f).

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 110–315, §489(2), redesignated subsecs. (e) to (g) as (f) to (h), respectively.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–244 inserted "not later than one year after October 7, 1998" before period at end of third sentence.

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–208, §2(h)(38), substituted "parts D and E" for "part E" and struck out second period at end of third sentence.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–208, §2(h)(39), substituted "parts D and E" for "part E".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–208, §2(h)(40), substituted "part B, D, or E" for "part B or part E".

Subsec. (e)(1), (2)(C). Pub. L. 103–208, §2(h)(41), substituted "under this subchapter" for "under this part".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–325, §487(a), inserted ", and for allowing the electronic exchange of data between program participants and the system. In establishing such data system, the Secretary shall place a priority on providing for the monitoring of enrollment, student status, information about current loan holders and servicers, and internship and residency information. Such data system shall also permit borrowers to use the system to identify the current loan holders and servicers of such borrower's loan." after "part D".

Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 102–325, §487(b), added subsecs. (e) to (g).

1990—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 101–610 added subsec. (a)(5) relating to loan cancellations and deferments.

1989—Pub. L. 101–239 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (d) for former subsec. (a) relating to authority of Secretary, subsec. (b) relating to access to information, subsec. (c) relating to verification not required, and subsec. (d) relating to report to Congress.

1987—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–50, §15(13)(A), substituted "public agencies" for "Federal agencies".

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 100–50, §15(13)(B), substituted "of any borrower" for "of a borrower for whom the guaranty agency provides insurance".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–50, §15(13)(C), substituted "public agency" for "Federal agency".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–251 effective 180 days after Dec. 22, 2020, see section 6 of Pub. L. 116–251, set out as a note under section 1018 of this title.

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–50 effective as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 78 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter VIII: PALEONTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS / Section 78: Cooperation of Smithsonian Institution with State institutions for continuing paleontological investigations
Cooperation of Smithsonian Institution with State institutions for continuing paleontological investigations
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution is authorized to cooperate with any State, educational institution, or scientific organization in the United States for continuing paleontological investigations, and the excavation and preservation of fossil remains, in areas which will be flooded by the construction of Government dams or otherwise be made unavailable for such investigations because of such construction: Provided, That such investigations and activities shall not duplicate nor affect adversely similar operations being conducted by the Department of Interior in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution.

(Aug. 15, 1949, ch. 427, §1, 63 Stat. 606.)
20 U.S.C. § 3444 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter III: TRANSFERS OF AGENCIES AND FUNCTIONS / Section 3444: Transfer of programs from National Science Foundation
Transfer of programs from National Science Foundation
Status: in_force

(a) Science education; exceptions

(1) There are transferred to the Secretary all programs relating to science education of the National Science Foundation or the Director of the National Science Foundation established prior to May 4, 1980, pursuant to the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.], except the programs or parts of programs, as determined after review by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Director of the National Science Foundation, which relate to—

(A) scientific career development;

(B) the continuing education of scientific personnel;

(C) increasing the participation of women, minorities, and the handicapped in careers in science;

(D) the conduct of basic and applied research and development applied to science learning at all educational levels and the dissemination of results concerning such research and development; and

(E) informing the general public of the nature of science and technology and of attendant values and public policy issues.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (1), no mission oriented research functions or programs of the National Science Foundation or any other Federal agency shall be transferred by this chapter.

(b) Authority of Secretary; consultation and advice

The Secretary is authorized to conduct the programs transferred by subsection (a). In conducting such programs the Secretary shall consult, as appropriate, with the Director of the National Science Foundation, and shall establish advisory mechanisms designed to assure that scientists and engineers are fully involved in the development, implementation, and review of science education programs.

(c) Report by Secretary

The annual report to be transmitted by the Secretary pursuant to section 3486 of this title shall include a description of arrangements, developed by the Secretary in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation, for coordinated planning and operation of science education programs, including measures to facilitate the implementations of successful innovations.

(d) Reservation of certain Foundation authority

Nothing in this section is intended to repeal or limit the authority of the National Science Foundation or the Director of the National Science Foundation to initiate and conduct programs under the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 [42 U.S.C. 1861 et seq.].

(Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §303, formerly §304, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 680; renumbered §303, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §271(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Science Foundation Act of 1950, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d), is act May 10, 1950, ch. 171, 64 Stat. 149, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§1861 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1861 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

In subsec. (a)(1), "May 4, 1980" substituted for "the effective date of this chapter" pursuant to section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of this title.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 303 of Pub. L. 96–88 was renumbered section 302 and is classified to section 3443 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 66 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 66: Repealed. June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title VI, §602(a)(19), 63 Stat. 400, eff. July 1, 1949; renumbered Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(a), (b), 64 Stat. 583
Repealed. June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title VI, §602(a)(19), 63 Stat. 400, eff. July 1, 1949; renumbered Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(a), (b), 64 Stat. 583
Status: repealed

Section, act Mar. 3, 1915, ch. 75, §1, 38 Stat. 839, related to exchange of typewriters and adding machines.
20 U.S.C. § 6397 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6397: Bypass
Bypass
Status: in_force

The Secretary may use all or part of any State's allocation under this part to make arrangements with any public or private agency to carry out the purpose of this part in such State if the Secretary determines that—

(1) the State is unable or unwilling to conduct educational programs for migratory children;

(2) such arrangements would result in more efficient and economic administration of such programs; or

(3) such arrangements would add substantially to the educational achievement of such children.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1307, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1578; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1301(f), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1898.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6397, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1307, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3590, related to bypass of State, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(f)(1), struck out "nonprofit" before "agency" in introductory provisions.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(f)(2), substituted "educational achievement" for "welfare or educational attainment".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3984 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter III: PARTNERSHIPS IN EDUCATION FOR MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING / Section 3984: Authorized activities
Authorized activities
Status: in_force

(a) Higher education partnership in education programs and activities; eligible applicants

(1) An applicant may use payments received under this part in any fiscal year for higher education programs and activities described in this subsection.

(2) Grants under this subsection may be used for partnership in education programs—

(A) for the improvement of instruction in mathematics, science, computer science, and engineering education at the postsecondary level;

(B) for awarding scholarships to students at institutions of higher education in the fields of mathematics, science, computer science, and engineering;

(C) for the operation of faculty exchange programs by the institutions of higher education and business concerns within the State;

(D) for research in the fields of mathematics, science, computer science, and engineering;

(E) for the acquisition, rehabilitation, and renovation of equipment and instrumentation for use in instruction in the fields of mathematics, science, computer science, and engineering; and

(F) to promote public understanding of science, mathematics, and computer science.

(3) Education partnerships under this subsection may include institutions of higher education, business concerns, nonprofit private organizations, local educational agencies, professional mathematic and scientific associations, museums, libraries, educational television stations, and if the State so desires, appropriate State agencies.

(b) Elementary and secondary partnership in education programs and activities; eligible applicants

(1) An applicant may use payments received under this part in any fiscal year for programs and activities described in this subsection.

(2) A local educational agency may carry out an elementary and secondary school partnership in education program under which—

(A) elementary and secondary school teachers in the schools of local educational agencies who teach mathematics, science, or computer science are made available to local business concerns and business concerns with establishments located in the community to serve in such concerns or establishments;

(B) personnel of local business concerns and business concerns with establishments located in the community serve as consultants, lecturers, teaching assistants, or teachers of mathematics, science, or computer science in the elementary and secondary schools within the State;

(C) training and retraining is furnished to elementary and secondary school teachers of mathematics, science, and computer science under a cooperative arrangement between the State or local educational agency and appropriate business concerns;

(D) secondary school students observe, participate, and work in local business concerns and business concerns with establishments located in the community; and

(E) computer clubs and extracurricular activities involving modern technologies are established in elementary and secondary schools.

(3) Partnerships under this subsection may include local educational agencies, business concerns, nonprofit private organizations, institutions of higher education, professional mathematic and scientific associations, museums, libraries, educational television stations, and, if the State so desires, appropriate State agencies.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title III, §305, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1284; Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6031(b)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted "part" for "subchapter" wherever appearing.
20 U.S.C. § 6302 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6302: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Local educational agency grants

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities described in part A—

(1) $15,012,317,605 for fiscal year 2017;

(2) $15,457,459,042 for fiscal year 2018;

(3) $15,897,371,442 for fiscal year 2019; and

(4) $16,182,344,591 for fiscal year 2020.

(b) State assessments

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities described in part B, $378,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020.

(c) Education of migratory children

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities described in part C, $374,751,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020.

(d) Prevention and intervention programs for children and youth who are neglected, delinquent, or at-risk

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities described in part D, $47,614,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020.

(e) Federal activities

For the purpose of carrying out evaluation activities related to subchapter I under section 7981 of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated $710,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020.

(f) Sense of Congress regarding adjustments to authorizations of appropriations provided in this chapter for future budget agreements

It is the sense of Congress that if legislation is enacted that revises the limits on discretionary spending established under section 901(c) of title 2, the levels of appropriations authorized throughout this chapter should be adjusted in a manner that is consistent with the adjustments in nonsecurity category funding provided for under the revised limits on discretionary spending.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1002, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1440; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1814.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6302, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1002, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3522; amended Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVI, §1602], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–328, authorized appropriations, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 1002 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 9002 and was classified to section 3382 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (i) relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2002 through 2007.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 85 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 4: NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK / Section 85: Concessions
Concessions
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization; use of proceeds for research and educational work

The Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, in furtherance of the mission of the National Zoological Park to provide for the advancement of science and instruction and recreation of the people, is authorized to negotiate agreements granting concessions at the National Zoological Park to nonprofit scientific, educational, or historic organizations. The net proceeds of such organizations gained from such concessions granted under this subsection shall be used exclusively for research and educational work for the benefit of the National Zoological Park.

(b) Voluntary services

The Smithsonian Institution is authorized to accept the voluntary services of such organizations, and the voluntary services of individuals, for the benefit of the National Zoological Park.

(Pub. L. 89–772, Nov. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 1322.)
20 U.S.C. § 60 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 60: Army articles furnished to National Museum
Army articles furnished to National Museum
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Army is authorized to furnish to the National Museum, for exhibition, upon request therefor by the administrative head thereof, such articles of arms, materiel, equipment, or clothing as have been issued from time to time to the United States Army, or which have been or may hereafter be produced for the United States Army, and which are objects of general interest or of foreign or curious research, provided that such articles can be spared.

(Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 166, §1, 41 Stat. 1438; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, §205(a), 61 Stat. 501; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, §3(4), 65 Stat. 708.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1951—Act Oct. 31, 1951, struck out "are surplus or" after "articles".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. Section 205(a) of act July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. Section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted "Title 10, Armed Forces" which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.

Executive Documents

Secretary of Air Force

For transfer of certain personal property and personal property functions, insofar as they pertain to the Air Force, from Secretary of the Army to Secretary of the Air Force, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 39 [§2vv], eff. May 18, 1949.
20 U.S.C. § 7429 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VI: INDIAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN, AND ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION / Section 7429: State educational agency review
State educational agency review
Status: in_force

Before submitting an application to the Secretary under section 7424 of this title, a local educational agency shall submit the application to the State educational agency, which may comment on such application. If the State educational agency comments on the application, the agency shall comment on all applications submitted by local educational agencies in the State and shall provide those comments to the respective local educational agencies, with an opportunity to respond.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6119, formerly title VII, §7119, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1919; renumbered title VI, §6119, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §6001(a), (b)(1), (9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, 2047.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7429, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7119, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3727, authorized subgrants, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Prior sections 7430 to 7434 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7430, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7120, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3727, related to priority on funding of programs for limited English proficient students.

Section 7431, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7121, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3728, related to coordination with other programs.

Section 7432, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7122, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3728, related to programs for Native Americans and Puerto Rico.

Section 7433, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7123, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3728, related to evaluations.

Section 7434, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7124, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3728, related to construction of provisions.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §6001(b)(9), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7424 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7920 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7920: Consultation with the Governor
Consultation with the Governor
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A State educational agency shall consult in a timely and meaningful manner with the Governor, or appropriate officials from the Governor's office, in the development of State plans under subchapters I and II and section 7842 of this title.

(b) Timing

The consultation described in subsection (a) shall include meetings of officials from the State educational agency and the Governor's office and shall occur—

(1) during the development of such plan; and

(2) prior to submission of the plan to the Secretary.

(c) Joint signature authority

A Governor shall have 30 days prior to the State educational agency submitting the State plan under subchapter I or II or section 7842 of this title to the Secretary to sign such plan. If the Governor has not signed the plan within 30 days of delivery by the State educational agency to the Governor, the State educational agency shall submit the plan to the Secretary without such signature.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8540, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8032, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2118.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1087b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1087b: Funds for origination of direct student loans
Funds for origination of direct student loans
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall provide, on the basis of the need and the eligibility of students at each participating institution, and parents of such students, for such loans, funds for student and parent loans under this part—

(1) directly to an institution of higher education that has an agreement with the Secretary under section 1087d(a) of this title to participate in the direct student loan programs under this part and that also has an agreement with the Secretary under section 1087d(b) of this title to originate loans under this part; or

(2) through an alternative originator designated by the Secretary to students (and parents of students) attending institutions of higher education that have an agreement with the Secretary under section 1087d(a) of this title but that do not have an agreement with the Secretary under section 1087d(b) of this title.

(b) No entitlement to participate or originate

No institution of higher education shall have a right to participate in the programs authorized by this part, to originate loans, or to perform any program function under this part. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed so as to limit the entitlement of an eligible student attending a participating institution (or the eligible parent of such student) to borrow under this part.

(c) Delivery of loan funds

Loan funds shall be paid and delivered to an institution by the Secretary prior to the beginning of the payment period established by the Secretary in a manner that is consistent with payment and delivery of Federal Pell Grants under subpart 1 of part A of this subchapter.

(d) Institutions outside the United States

Loan funds for students (and parents of students) attending institutions outside the United States shall be disbursed through a financial institution located or operating in the United States and designated by the Secretary to serve as the agent of such institutions with respect to the receipt of the disbursements of such loan funds and the transfer of such funds to such institutions. To be eligible to receive funds under this part, an institution outside the United States shall make arrangements with the agent designated by the Secretary under this subsection to receive funds under this part.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §452, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §404, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1437; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §451, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 103–66, title IV, §4021, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 341; Pub. L. 105–33, title VI, §6102, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 652; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §401(g)(5), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1652; Pub. L. 111–152, title II, §2209(a), Mar. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1077.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1087b, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §452, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §141, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1031, authorized grants for programs of cooperative education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §129(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2144, eff. 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–152 added subsec. (d).

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "Federal Pell Grants" for "basic grants".

1997—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 105–33 redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which required the Secretary to pay fees to institutions of higher education and alternative loan originators to assist in meeting the cost of loan origination.

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to funds for origination of direct student loans for former provisions relating to payment rules.

1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to payment rules for former provisions authorizing demonstration projects.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1019d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1019d: Self-certification form for private education loans
Self-certification form for private education loans
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary, in consultation with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, shall develop the self-certification form for private education loans that shall be used to satisfy the requirements of section 1638(e)(3) of title 15. Such form shall—

(1) be developed in a standardized format;

(2) be made available to the applicant by the relevant institution of higher education, in written or electronic form, upon request of the applicant;

(3) contain only disclosures that—

(A) the applicant may qualify for Federal student financial assistance through a program under subchapter IV of this chapter, or State or institutional student financial assistance, in place of, or in addition to, a private education loan;

(B) the applicant is encouraged to discuss the availability of Federal, State, and institutional student financial assistance with financial aid officials at the applicant's institution of higher education;

(C) a private education loan may affect the applicant's eligibility for free or low-cost Federal, State or institutional student financial assistance; and

(D) the information that the applicant is required to provide on the form is available from officials at the financial aid office of the institution of higher education;

(4) include a place to provide information on—

(A) the applicant's cost of attendance at the institution of higher education, as determined by the institution under part F of subchapter IV;

(B) the applicant's estimated financial assistance, including amounts of financial assistance used to replace the student aid index, as determined by the institution, in accordance with subchapter IV, for students who have completed the Free Application for Federal Student Aid; and

(C) the difference between the amounts under subparagraphs (A) and (B), as applicable; and

(5) include a place for the applicant's signature, in written or electronic form.

(b) Limit on liability

Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a private right of action against an institution of higher education with respect to the form developed under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §155, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title X, §1021(b), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3487; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title I, §101(b)(7), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1935; Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, §704(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3199.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "the student aid index" for "the expected family contribution".

2009—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 111–39 added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "include a place to provide information on—

"(A) the applicant's cost of attendance at the institution of higher education, as determined by the institution under Part F of subchapter IV;

"(B) the applicant's expected family contribution, as determined under Part F of subchapter IV, as applicable, for students who have completed the free application for Federal student aid;

"(C) the applicant's estimated financial assistance, as determined by the institution, in accordance with subchapter IV, as applicable;

"(D) the difference between the amounts under subparagraphs (A) and (C), as applicable; and

"(E) the sum of the amounts under subparagraphs (B) and (D), as applicable; and".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective July 1, 2024, except as otherwise expressly provided, and applicable with respect to award year 2024–2025 and each subsequent award year, as determined under this chapter, see section 701(b) of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3490 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 3490: Potential financial interests or impaired objectivity of covered individuals or entities
Potential financial interests or impaired objectivity of covered individuals or entities
Status: in_force

(a) Maintenance of integrity and ethical values within Department of Education

Within 60 days after December 26, 2007, the Secretary of Education shall implement procedures—

(1) to assess whether a covered individual or entity has a potential financial interest in, or impaired objectivity towards, a product or service purchased with, or guaranteed or insured by, funds administered by the Department of Education or a contracted entity of the Department; and

(2) to disclose the existence of any such potential financial interest or impaired objectivity.

(b) Review by Inspector General

(1) Within 60 days after the implementation of the procedures described in subsection (a), the Inspector General of the Department of Education shall report to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate on the adequacy of such procedures.

(2) Within 1 year, the Inspector General shall conduct at least 1 review to ensure that such procedures are properly implemented and are effective to uncover and disclose the existence of potential financial interests or impaired objectivity described in subsection (a).

(3) The Inspector General shall report to such Committees any recommendations for modifications to such procedures that the Inspector General determines are necessary to uncover and disclose the existence of such potential financial interests or impaired objectivity.

(c) Definition

For purposes of this section, the term "covered individual or entity" means—

(1) an officer or professional employee of the Department of Education;

(2) a contractor or subcontractor of the Department, or an individual hired by the contracted entity;

(3) a member of a peer review panel of the Department; or

(4) a consultant or advisor to the Department.

(Pub. L. 110–161, div. G, title III, §306, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2198.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Education Appropriations Act, 2008, and also as part of the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2008, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, and not as part of the Department of Education Organization Act which comprises this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 5606 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 66: MORRIS K. UDALL AND STEWART L. UDALL FOUNDATION / Section 5606: Establishment of Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Trust Fund
Establishment of Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Trust Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of Trust Fund

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the "Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Trust Fund" to be administered by a Foundation. The Trust Fund shall consist of amounts appropriated to it pursuant to section 5609(a) of this title and amounts credited to it under subsection (b).

(b) Investment of Trust Fund assets

(1) 1 In general.—It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest, at the direction of the Foundation Board, in full the amounts appropriated to the Trust Fund. Such investments shall be in public debt securities with maturities suitable to the needs of the Trust Fund. Investments in public debt securities shall bear interest "at rates determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States" of comparable maturity. Beginning on October 1, 2023, and thereafter, interest earned from investments made with any new appropriations to the Trust Fund shall only be available subject to appropriations and is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 102–259, §8, Mar. 19, 1992, 106 Stat. 82; Pub. L. 105–156, §9, Feb. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 111–90, §7, Nov. 3, 2009, 123 Stat. 2978; Pub. L. 118–47, div. G, title II, §202, Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 858.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 118–47 inserted at end "Beginning on October 1, 2023, and thereafter, interest earned from investments made with any new appropriations to the Trust Fund shall only be available subject to appropriations and is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this chapter."

2009—Pub. L. 111–90 substituted "and Stewart L. Udall" for "Scholarship and Excellence in National Environmental Policy" in section catchline and in subsec. (a).

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–156, §9(a), substituted "The Trust Fund" for "The fund" and "5609(a)" for "5609".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–156, §9(b), substituted "Trust Fund" for "Fund" in two places.

1 So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.
20 U.S.C. § 1088a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1088a: Clock and credit hour treatment of diploma nursing schools
Clock and credit hour treatment of diploma nursing schools
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, any regulations promulgated by the Secretary concerning the relationship between clock hours and semester, trimester, or quarter hours in calculating student grant, loan, or work assistance under this subchapter, shall not apply to a public or private nonprofit hospital-based school of nursing that awards a diploma at the completion of the school's program of education.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §481A, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §360(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3969.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 1088a to 1088g were omitted in the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 96–374.

Section 1088a, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §492, formerly §462, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §151, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1032; renumbered §492, Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §137(b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 272, related to the eligibility of residents of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. See section 1091(b) of this title.

Section 1088b, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §493, formerly §463, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §152, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1033; renumbered §493, Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §137(b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 272; amended Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §131(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 95–43, §1(a)(40), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 217, related to administration expenses. See section 1096 of this title.

Section 1088b–1, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §493A, as added Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §131(b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2148, related to institutional and financial assistance information for students. See section 1092 of this title.

Section 1088b–2, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §493B, as added Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §131(b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2149, related to student aid information services.

Section 1088b–3, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §493C, as added Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §131(b), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2149, related to the student financial assistance training program.

Section 1088c, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §494, formerly §464, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §152, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1033; renumbered §494 and amended Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §§137(b), 138(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 272, 280, related to maintenance of effort requirement.

Section 1088d, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §495, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §139, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 280; amended S. Res. 4, Feb. 4, 1977; S. Res. 30, Mar. 7, 1979, related to requirement that copies of rules, regulations, instructions, and application forms be supplied to Congressional committees.

Section 1088e, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §496, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §139A(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 281, related to transfer of funds between programs. See section 1095 of this title.

Section 1088f, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §497, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §139B(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 281; amended Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §132, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2150; Pub. L. 95–566, §7, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2404, related to eligibility for student assistance. See section 1091 of this title.

Section 1088f–1, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §497A, as added Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §133(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2150; amended Pub. L. 95–43, §1(a)(41), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 217; Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1231(b), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2346, related to fiscal eligibility of institutions.

Section 1088g, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §498, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §139C(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 282, related to requirement of an affidavit of educational purpose.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §360(b), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3969, provided that: "Subsection (a) [enacting this section] and the amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on July 1, 1994."
20 U.S.C. § 1402 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1402: Office of Special Education Programs
Office of Special Education Programs
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There shall be, within the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the Department of Education, an Office of Special Education Programs, which shall be the principal agency in the Department for administering and carrying out this chapter and other programs and activities concerning the education of children with disabilities.

(b) Director

The Office established under subsection (a) shall be headed by a Director who shall be selected by the Secretary and shall report directly to the Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.

(c) Voluntary and uncompensated services

Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the Secretary is authorized to accept voluntary and uncompensated services in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §603, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2659.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1402, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §603, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 46, related to the Office of Special Education Programs, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1402, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §603, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, §612(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 579; Pub. L. 98–199, §3(a), Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1357; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(b)(21), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1143; Pub. L. 102–119, §25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607, related to the Office of Special Education Programs, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17.
20 U.S.C. § 6644 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6644: Subgrants to eligible entities in support of kindergarten through grade 12 literacy
Subgrants to eligible entities in support of kindergarten through grade 12 literacy
Status: in_force

(a) Subgrants to eligible entities

(1) Subgrants

A State educational agency receiving a grant under this subpart shall use a portion of the grant funds, in accordance with clauses (ii) and (iii) of section 6642(d)(2)(D) of this title, to award subgrants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities to enable the eligible entities to carry out the authorized activities described in subsections (c) and (d).

(2) Duration

The term of a subgrant under this section shall be determined by the State educational agency awarding the subgrant and shall in no case exceed 5 years.

(3) Sufficient size and scope

A State educational agency shall award subgrants under this section of sufficient size and scope to allow the eligible entities to carry out high-quality comprehensive literacy instruction in each grade level for which the subgrant funds are provided.

(4) Local applications

An eligible entity desiring to receive a subgrant under this section shall submit an application to the State educational agency at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the State educational agency may require. Such application shall include, for each school that the eligible entity identifies as participating in a subgrant program under this section, the following information:

(A) A description of the eligible entity's needs assessment conducted to identify how subgrant funds will be used to inform and improve comprehensive literacy instruction at the school.

(B) How the school, the local educational agency, or a provider of high-quality professional development will provide ongoing high-quality professional development to all teachers, principals, other school leaders, specialized instructional support personnel (as appropriate), and other instructional leaders served by the school.

(C) How the school will identify children in need of literacy interventions or other support services.

(D) An explanation of how the school will integrate comprehensive literacy instruction into a well-rounded education.

(E) A description of how the school will coordinate comprehensive literacy instruction with early childhood education programs and activities and after-school programs and activities in the area served by the local educational agency.

(b) Priority

In awarding grants under this section, the State educational agency shall give priority to an eligible entity that will use funds under subsection (c) or (d) to implement evidence-based activities, defined for the purpose of this subsection as activities meeting the requirements of section 7801(21)(A)(i) of this title.

(c) Local uses of funds for kindergarten through grade 5

An eligible entity that receives a subgrant under this section shall use the subgrant funds to carry out the following activities pertaining to children in kindergarten through grade 5:

(1) Developing and implementing a comprehensive literacy instruction plan across content areas for such children that—

(A) serves the needs of all children, including children with disabilities and English learners, especially children who are reading or writing below grade level;

(B) provides intensive, supplemental, accelerated, and explicit intervention and support in reading and writing for children whose literacy skills are below grade level; and

(C) supports activities that are provided primarily during the regular school day but that may be augmented by after-school and out-of-school time instruction.

(2) Providing high-quality professional development opportunities for teachers, literacy coaches, literacy specialists, English as a second language specialists (as appropriate), principals, other school leaders, specialized instructional support personnel, school librarians, paraprofessionals, and other program staff.

(3) Training principals, specialized instructional support personnel, and other local educational agency personnel to support, develop, administer, and evaluate high-quality kindergarten through grade 5 literacy initiatives.

(4) Coordinating the involvement of early childhood education program staff, principals, other instructional leaders, teachers, teacher literacy teams, English as a second language specialists (as appropriate), special educators, school personnel, and specialized instructional support personnel (as appropriate) in the literacy development of children served under this subsection.

(5) Engaging families and encouraging family literacy experiences and practices to support literacy development.

(d) Local uses of funds for grades 6 through 12

An eligible entity that receives a subgrant under this section shall use subgrant funds to carry out the following activities pertaining to children in grades 6 through 12:

(1) Developing and implementing a comprehensive literacy instruction plan described in subsection (c)(1) for children in grades 6 through 12.

(2) Training principals, specialized instructional support personnel, school librarians, and other local educational agency personnel to support, develop, administer, and evaluate high-quality comprehensive literacy instruction initiatives for grades 6 through 12.

(3) Assessing the quality of adolescent comprehensive literacy instruction as part of a well-rounded education.

(4) Providing time for teachers to meet to plan evidence-based adolescent comprehensive literacy instruction to be delivered as part of a well-rounded education.

(5) Coordinating the involvement of principals, other instructional leaders, teachers, teacher literacy teams, English as a second language specialists (as appropriate), paraprofessionals, special educators, specialized instructional support personnel (as appropriate), and school personnel in the literacy development of children served under this subsection.

(e) Allowable uses

An eligible entity that receives a subgrant under this section may, in addition to carrying out the activities described in subsections (c) and (d), use subgrant funds to carry out the following activities pertaining to children in kindergarten through grade 12:

(1) Recruiting, placing, training, and compensating literacy coaches.

(2) Connecting out-of-school learning opportunities to in-school learning in order to improve children's literacy achievement.

(3) Training families and caregivers to support the improvement of adolescent literacy.

(4) Providing for a multi-tier system of supports for literacy services.

(5) Forming a school literacy leadership team to help implement, assess, and identify necessary changes to the literacy initiatives in 1 or more schools to ensure success.

(6) Providing time for teachers (and other literacy staff, as appropriate, such as school librarians or specialized instructional support personnel) to meet to plan comprehensive literacy instruction.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2224, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1941.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6644, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2204, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3622, related to consortium requirement, prior to its omission in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9578 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9578: Scientific or technical employees
Scientific or technical employees
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director may appoint, for terms not to exceed 6 years (without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service) and may compensate (without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates) such scientific or technical employees to carry out the functions of the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center, respectively, if—

(1) at least 30 days prior to the appointment of any such employee, public notice is given of the availability of such position and an opportunity is provided for qualified individuals to apply and compete for such position;

(2) the rate of basic pay for such employees does not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay payable for positions at GS–15, as determined in accordance with section 5376 of title 5, except that not more than 7 individuals appointed under this section may be paid at a rate that does not exceed the rate of basic pay for level III of the Executive Schedule;

(3) the appointment of such employee is necessary (as determined by the Director on the basis of clear and convincing evidence) to provide the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center with scientific or technical expertise which could not otherwise be obtained by the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center through the competitive service; and

(4) the total number of such employees does not exceed 40 individuals or 1/5 of the number of full-time, regular scientific or professional employees of the Institute, whichever is greater.

(b) Duties of employees

All employees described in subsection (a) shall work on activities of the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center, and shall not be reassigned to other duties outside the Institute or the office, board, committee, or center during their term.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §188, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1973.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

GS–15, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Level III of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is set out in section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Maximum Rate Under 5 U.S.C. 5376

For reference to maximum rate under section 5376 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 2(d)(3) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 5376 of Title 5.
20 U.S.C. § 7305b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: FLEXIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY / Section 7305b: Transferability of funds
Transferability of funds
Status: in_force

(a) Transfers by States

(1) In general

In accordance with this part, a State may transfer all, or any lesser amount, of State funds (including funds transferred under paragraph (2)) allotted to the State for use for State-level activities under the following provisions for a fiscal year to one or more of the State's allotments for such fiscal year under any other of such provisions:

(A) Part A of subchapter II.

(B) Part A of subchapter IV.

(C) Section 7172(c)(3) of this title.

(2) Additional funds

In accordance with this part, a State may transfer any funds allotted to the State under a provision listed in paragraph (1) for a fiscal year to its allotment under any other of the following provisions:

(A) Part A of subchapter I.

(B) Part C of subchapter I.

(C) Part D of subchapter I.

(D) Part A of subchapter III.

(E) Part B.

(b) Transfers by local educational agencies

(1) Authority to transfer funds

(A) In general

In accordance with this part, a local educational agency may transfer all, or any lesser amount, of the funds allocated to it under each of the provisions listed in paragraph (2) for a fiscal year to one or more of its allocations for such fiscal year under any other provision listed in paragraph (2).

(B) Additional funds

In accordance with this part, a local educational agency may transfer any funds allotted to such agency under a provision listed in paragraph (2) for a fiscal year to its allotment under any other of the following provisions:

(i) Part A of subchapter I.

(ii) Part C of subchapter I.

(iii) Part D of subchapter I.

(iv) Part A of subchapter III.

(v) Part B.

(2) Applicable provisions

A local educational agency may transfer funds under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) from allocations made under each of the following provisions:

(A) Part A of subchapter II.

(B) Part A of subchapter IV.

(c) No transfer of certain funding

A State or local educational agency may not transfer under this part to any other program any funds allotted or allocated to it for the following provisions:

(1) Part A of subchapter I.

(2) Part C of subchapter I.

(3) Part D of subchapter I.

(4) Part A of subchapter III.

(5) Part B.

(d) Modification of plans and applications; notification

(1) State transfers

Each State that makes a transfer of funds under this section shall—

(A) modify, to account for such transfer, each State plan, or application submitted by the State, to which such funds relate;

(B) not later than 30 days after the date of such transfer, submit a copy of such modified plan or application to the Secretary; and

(C) not later than 30 days before the effective date of such transfer, notify the Secretary of such transfer.

(2) Local transfers

Each local educational agency that makes a transfer of funds under this section shall—

(A) modify, to account for such transfer, each local plan, or application submitted by the agency, to which such funds relate;

(B) not later than 30 days after the date of such transfer, submit a copy of such modified plan or application to the State; and

(C) not later than 30 days before the effective date of such transfer, notify the State of such transfer.

(e) Applicable rules

(1) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this part, funds transferred under this section are subject to each of the rules and requirements applicable to the funds under the provision to which the transferred funds are transferred.

(2) Consultation

Each State educational agency or local educational agency that transfers funds under this section shall conduct consultations in accordance with section 7881 of this title, if such transfer transfers funds from a program that provides for the participation of students, teachers, or other educational personnel, from private schools.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5103, formerly title VI, §6123, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1876; renumbered title V, §5103, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §§5001(a)(1), 5002(3), (5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, 2040.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5103 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7203 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter V of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 5103 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3173 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Prior sections 7311 to 7311b, 7315 to 7315c, 7321 to 7321e, and 7325 to 7325c were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title V, §5001(b)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 2040, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 7311, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6131, formerly title VI, §6131, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1878; renumbered title V, §6131, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, provided that former subpart 3 of this part could be cited as the "State and Local Flexibility Demonstration Act".

A prior section 7311, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6101, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3708, related to allotment to States, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VI of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7311a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6132, formerly title VI, §6132, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1878; renumbered title V, §6132, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, stated the purpose of former subpart 3 of this part.

Section 7311b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6133, formerly title VI, §6133, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1878; renumbered title V, §6133, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, provided that any State that is one local educational agency would be considered a State educational agency and not a local educational agency.

A prior section 7312, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6102, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3708, which related to allocation to local educational agencies, was omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter VI of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7315, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6141, formerly title VI, §6141, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1879; renumbered title V, §6141, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to State flexibility.

Section 7315a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6142, formerly title VI, §6142, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1883; renumbered title V, §6142, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to consolidation and use of funds under a grant of flexibility authority.

Section 7315b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6143, formerly title VI, §6143, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1883; renumbered title V, §6143, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to midterm and final performance reviews and penalties regarding grants of flexibility authority.

Section 7315c, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6144, formerly title VI, §6144, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1884; renumbered title V, §6144, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, provided for renewal of grant of flexibility authority.

Section 7321, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6151, formerly title VI, §6151, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1884; renumbered title V, §6151, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to local flexibility demonstration agreements.

Section 7321a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6152, formerly title VI, §6152, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1888; renumbered title V, §6152, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to consolidation and use of funds under a local flexibility demonstration agreement.

Section 7321b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6153, formerly title VI, §6153, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1889; renumbered title V, §6153, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to limitations on administrative expenditures.

Section 7321c, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6154, formerly title VI, §6154, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1889; renumbered title V, §6154, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to midterm and final performance reviews and penalties regarding local flexibility demonstration agreements.

Section 7321d, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6155, formerly title VI, §6155, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1889; renumbered title V, §6155, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, provided for renewal of local flexibility demonstration agreement.

Section 7321e, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6156, formerly title VI, §6156, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1890; renumbered title V, §6156, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to transmittal of reports to Congress and limitation on required information.

Section 7325, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6161, formerly title VI, §6161, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1890; renumbered title V, §6161, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to accountability for adequate yearly progress.

Section 7325a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6162, formerly title VI, §6162, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1890; renumbered title V, §6162, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to peer review of State progress.

Section 7325b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6163, formerly title VI, §6163, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1890; renumbered title V, §6163, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, related to provision of technical assistance to States not making adequate yearly progress or meeting annual measurable achievement objectives.

Section 7325c, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §6164, formerly title VI, §6164, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1891; renumbered title V, §6164, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, required annual reports to Congress.

Prior sections 7331 and 7332 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter VI by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7331, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6201, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3709; amended Pub. L. 105–278, §2(1), Oct. 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 2682, related to State uses of funds.

Section 7332, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6202, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3710, related to State applications.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(5)(A)(i), substituted "all, or any lesser amount, of State funds" for "not more than 50 percent of the nonadministrative State funds" in introductory provisions, added subpars. (A) to (C), and struck out former subpars. (A) to (D) which read as follows:

"(A) Section 6613(a)(3) of this title.

"(B) Section 6762(a)(1) of this title.

"(C) Subsections (a)(1) (with the agreement of the Governor) and (c)(1) of section 7112 of this title and section 7172(c)(3) of this title.

"(D) Section 7211a(b) of this title."

Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(3), substituted "part" for "subpart" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(5)(A)(ii), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In accordance with this subpart and subject to the 50 percent limitation described in paragraph (1), a State may transfer any funds allotted to the State under a provision listed in paragraph (1) to its allotment under subchapter I of this chapter."

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(3), (5)(B)(i)(I), substituted "part" for "subpart" and "may transfer all, or any lesser amount, of the funds allocated to it" for "(except a local educational agency identified for improvement under section 6316(c) of this title or subject to corrective action under section 6316(c)(9) of this title) may transfer not more than 50 percent of the funds allocated to it (including funds transferred under subparagraph (C))".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(5)(B)(i)(II), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpars. (B) and (C) which permitted transfers of allocated funds for agencies identified for improvement and for additional funds for subchapter I.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(5)(B)(ii), substituted "subparagraph (A) or (B)" for "subparagraph (A), (B), or (C)" in introductory provisions, added subpars. (A) and (B), and struck out former subpars. (A) to (D) which read as follows:

"(A) Section 6621 of this title.

"(B) Section 6762(a)(2)(A) of this title.

"(C) Section 7112(b)(1) of this title.

"(D) Section 7211a(a) of this title."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(5)(C), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A State or a local educational agency may not transfer under this subpart to any other program any funds allotted or allocated to it for part A of subchapter I of this chapter."

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(3), substituted "part" for "subpart".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §5002(5)(D), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7881 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9408 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 75: EARLY LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES / Section 9408: Reservations and allotments
Reservations and allotments
Status: in_force

(a) Reservation for Indian tribes, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians

The Secretary shall reserve 1 percent of the total amount appropriated under section 9404 of this title for each fiscal year, to be allotted to Indian tribes, Regional Corporations, and Native Hawaiian entities, of which—

(1) 0.5 percent shall be available to Indian tribes; and

(2) 0.5 percent shall be available to Regional Corporations and Native Hawaiian entities.

(b) Allotments

From the funds appropriated under this chapter for each fiscal year that are not reserved under subsection (a), the Secretary shall allot to each State the sum of—

(1) an amount that bears the same ratio to 50 percent of such funds as the number of children 4 years of age and younger in the State bears to the number of such children in all States; and

(2) an amount that bears the same ratio to 50 percent of such funds as the number of children 4 years of age and younger living in families with incomes below the poverty line in the State bears to the number of such children in all States.

(c) Minimum allotment

No State shall receive an allotment under subsection (b) for a fiscal year in an amount that is less than .40 percent of the total amount appropriated for the fiscal year under this chapter.

(d) Availability of funds

Any portion of the allotment to a State that is not expended for activities under this chapter in the fiscal year for which the allotment is made shall remain available to the State for two additional years, after which any unexpended funds shall be returned to the Secretary. The Secretary shall use the returned funds to carry out a discretionary grant program for research-based early learning demonstration projects.

(e) Data

The Secretary shall make allotments under this chapter on the basis of the most recent data available to the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VIII, §809], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–84.)
20 U.S.C. § 1087ff (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1087ff: Distribution of assets from student loan funds
Distribution of assets from student loan funds
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Beginning October 1, 2017, there shall be a capital distribution of the balance of the student loan fund established under this part by each institution of higher education as follows:

(1) The Secretary shall first be paid an amount which bears the same ratio to the balance in such fund at the close of September 30, 2017, as the total amount of the Federal capital contributions to such fund by the Secretary under this part bears to the sum of such Federal contributions and the institution's capital contributions to such fund.

(2) The remainder of such balance shall be paid to the institution.

(b) Distribution of late collections

Beginning October 1, 2017, each institution with which the Secretary has made an agreement under this part, shall pay to the Secretary the same proportionate share of amounts received by this institution after September 30, 2017, in payment of principal and interest on student loans made from the student loan fund established pursuant to such agreement (which amount shall be determined after deduction of any costs of litigation incurred in collection of the principal or interest on loans from the fund and not already reimbursed from the fund or from such payments of principal or interest), as was determined for the Secretary under subsection (a).

(c) Distribution of excess capital

(1) Upon a finding by the institution or the Secretary prior to October 1, 2017, that the liquid assets of a student loan fund established pursuant to an agreement under this part exceed the amount required for loans or otherwise in the foreseeable future, and upon notice to such institution or to the Secretary, as the case may be, there shall be, subject to such limitations as may be included in regulations of the Secretary or in such agreement, a capital distribution from such fund. Such capital distribution shall be made as follows:

(A) The Secretary shall first be paid an amount which bears the same ratio to the total to be distributed as the Federal capital contributions by the Secretary to the student loan fund prior to such distribution bear to the sum of such Federal capital contributions and the capital contributions to the fund made by the institution.

(B) The remainder of the capital distribution shall be paid to the institution.

(2) No finding that the liquid assets of a student loan fund established under this part exceed the amount required under paragraph (1) may be made prior to a date which is 2 years after the date on which the institution of higher education received the funds from such institution's allocation under section 1087bb of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §466, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1453; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §466, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(f)(15), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2471; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §466, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 110–84, title V, §501, Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 801; Pub. L. 114–105, §2(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2220.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1087ff, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §466, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §137(b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 278; amended Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §130(h), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 96–374, title IV, §442(c), title XIII, §1391(a)(1), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1440, 1503, related to distribution of assets from student loan funds, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–105, §2(b)(1)(A), substituted "Beginning October 1, 2017" for "After September 30, 2003, and not later than March 31, 2004" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–105, §2(b)(1)(B), substituted "September 30, 2017" for "September 30, 2003".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–105, §2(b)(2), substituted "Beginning October 1, 2017" for "After October 1, 2012" and "September 30, 2017" for "September 30, 2003".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–105, §2(b)(3), substituted "October 1, 2017" for "October 1, 2004" in introductory provisions.

2007—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–84 substituted "October 1, 2012" for "March 31, 2012".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–244, §466(1)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted "2003" for "1996" and "2004" for "1997".

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–244, §466(1)(B), substituted "2003" for "1996".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–244, §466(2), substituted "2012" for "2005" and "2003" for "1996".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–244, §466(3), substituted "2004" for "1997" in introductory provisions.

1993—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–208 realigned margin.

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–325, §466(1), substituted "2005" for "1997".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–325, §466(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and added par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–84 effective Oct. 1, 2007, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 110–84, set out as a note under section 1070a of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9548 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9548: State defined
State defined
Status: in_force

In this part, the term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §158, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1962.)
20 U.S.C. § 251 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 14: SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION IN AREAS AFFECTED BY FEDERAL ACTIVITIES / Section 251: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

The act of Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, 64 Stat. 967, as amended by acts Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §§1, 2, 67 Stat. 522, 528; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §808(a), 68 Stat. 645; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §§1–7, 68 Stat. 1005, 1006; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 868, §§4–7, 69 Stat. 713–715; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 852, §11, 70 Stat. 909; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §§101–109, 70 Stat. 968, 969; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–161, 71 Stat. 403; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §§1–8, 71 Stat. 593, 594; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–791, §32, 72 Stat. 951, formerly classified to this chapter, was completely amended and renumbered by Pub. L. 85–620, Aug. 12, 1958, 72 Stat. 548, and reclassified to chapter 19 (§631 et seq.) of this title, and was subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §331(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965.

Sections 251 to 255 comprised subchapter I of this chapter.

Section 251, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title I, §101, 64 Stat. 967, authorized appropriations with conditions for use of funds.

Section 252, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title I, §102, 64 Stat. 968, provided for State applications for funds.

Section 253, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title I, §103, 64 Stat. 968, provided for allotments and payments to States.

Section 254, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title I, §104, 64 Stat. 968, provided for withholding of certification under certain circumstances and subject to judicial review.

Section 255, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title I, §105, 64 Stat. 969; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §2(m), 67 Stat. 529, related to delegation of functions and payment of expenses.

Sections 271 to 280 comprised subchapter II of this chapter.

Section 271, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §201, 64 Stat. 969, contained declaration of policy for school construction in federally-affected areas.

Section 272, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §202, 64 Stat. 969; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §808(a), 68 Stat. 645, authorized payments to local education agencies.

Section 273, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §203, 64 Stat. 971; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 868, §4, 69 Stat. 713, related to payments where effect of Federal activities, would be temporary, and for donation of temporary school activities.

Section 274, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §204, 64 Stat. 972, related to children for whom local agencies cannot provide education.

Section 275, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §205, 64 Stat. 972; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §2(a), 67 Stat. 528, related to applications for assistance, construction projects, and reimbursement.

Section 276, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §206, 64 Stat. 973, provided for certification and payment of funds.

Section 277, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §207, 64 Stat. 974; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §2(b), 67 Stat. 528; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–791, §32, 72 Stat. 951, related to withholding of certification and judicial review.

Section 278, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §208, 64 Stat. 975, provided for administration of act Sept. 23, 1950.

Section 279, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §209, 64 Stat. 975; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §2(c)–(f), 67 Stat. 528; Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §7, 68 Stat. 1005; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §101, 70 Stat. 968; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §1, 71 Stat. 593, related to use of other Federal agencies; transfer and availability of appropriations, and additional grants for non-Federal share.

Section 280, acts Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title II, §210, 64 Stat. 976; Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §2(g)–(l), 67 Stat. 528; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 852, §11, 70 Stat. 909; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §102, 70 Stat. 968; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–161, 71 Stat. 403, contained definitions of terms used in act Sept. 23, 1950.

Sections 291 to 302 comprised subchapter III of this chapter.

Section 291, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §301, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 522; amended Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §1, 68 Stat. 1005; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §103, 70 Stat. 968; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §2, 71 Stat. 593, stated purpose of former sections 291 to 302 of this title and authorized appropriations.

Section 292, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §302, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 522, provided for annual apportionment of funds.

Section 293, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §303, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 522; amended Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §2, 68 Stat. 1005; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §104, 70 Stat. 968; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §3, 71 Stat. 593, related to dates for filing applications, and to priorities.

Section 294, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §304, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 522; amended Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §3, 68 Stat. 1005; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 868, §5, 69 Stat. 714; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §105, 70 Stat. 968; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §4, 71 Stat. 593, related to Federal share of cost of projects.

Section 295, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §305, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 523; amended Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §§4, 5, 68 Stat. 1005; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §106, 70 Stat. 968; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §5, 71 Stat. 593, prescribed limitations on total payments to local agencies.

Section 296, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §306, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 524; amended Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §107, 70 Stat. 969, related to filing and approval of application for assistance.

Section 297, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §307, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 525, related to payments to local agencies.

Section 298, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §308, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 525; amended Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 868, §7, 69 Stat. 715, related to availability of appropriations, special fund for additional grants, and to payments in cases affected by change in regulations.

Section 299, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §309, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 525; amended Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 868, §4, 69 Stat. 713, prescribed procedure in cases of temporary Federal activities, and authorized donation of temporary school facilities.

Section 300, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §310, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 526; amended Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1149, §6, 68 Stat. 1005; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §108, 70 Stat. 969; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §6, 71 Stat. 593, provided for children for whom local agencies are unable to provide education.

Section 301, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §311, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 526, authorized withholding of payments for noncompliance.

Section 302, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title III, §312, as added Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §7, 71 Stat. 593, defined base year and increase period.

Section 311, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, title IV, §401, as added Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 400, §1, 67 Stat. 526; amended Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 868, §6, 69 Stat. 715; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 915, title I, §109, 70 Stat. 969; Sept. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–267, §8, 71 Stat. 594, which comprised subchapter IV of this chapter, authorized assistance in other federally-affected areas.
20 U.S.C. § 1128a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VI: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 1128a: American overseas research centers
American overseas research centers
Status: in_force

(a) Centers authorized

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to and enter into contracts with any American overseas research center that is a consortium of institutions of higher education (hereafter in this section referred to as a "center") to enable such center to promote postgraduate research, exchanges and area studies.

(b) Use of grants

Grants made and contracts entered into pursuant to this section may be used to pay all or a portion of the cost of establishing or operating a center or program, including—

(1) the cost of faculty and staff stipends and salaries;

(2) the cost of faculty, staff, and student travel;

(3) the cost of the operation and maintenance of overseas facilities;

(4) the cost of teaching and research materials;

(5) the cost of acquisition, maintenance, and preservation of library collections;

(6) the cost of bringing visiting scholars and faculty to a center to teach or to conduct research;

(7) the cost of organizing and managing conferences; and

(8) the cost of publication and dissemination of material for the scholarly and general public.

(c) Limitation

The Secretary shall only award grants to and enter into contracts with centers under this section that—

(1) receive more than 50 percent of their funding from public or private United States sources;

(2) have a permanent presence in the country in which the center is located; and

(3) are organizations described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 which are exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title.

(d) Development grants

The Secretary is authorized to make grants for the establishment of new centers. The grants may be used to fund activities that, within 1 year, will result in the creation of a center described in subsection (c).

(e) Application

Each center desiring to receive a grant or contract under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information and assurances as the Secretary may require.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §609, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VI, §601, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1782; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, §608, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3338.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 609 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1126 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 609 of Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §131(d)(2)(D), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 260, prohibited equipment grants for sectarian instruction or religious worship and was classified to section 1129 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–315 added subsec. (e).
20 U.S.C. § 2344 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Subchapter I: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ASSISTANCE TO THE STATES / Section 2344: State leadership activities
State leadership activities
Status: in_force

(a) General authority

From amounts reserved under section 2322(a)(2) of this title, each eligible agency shall—

(1) conduct State leadership activities to improve career and technical education, which shall include support for—

(A) preparation for non-traditional fields in current and emerging professions, programs for special populations, and other activities that expose students, including special populations, to high-skill, high-wage, and in-demand occupations;

(B) individuals in State institutions, such as State correctional institutions, including juvenile justice facilities, and educational institutions that serve individuals with disabilities;

(C) recruiting, preparing, or retaining career and technical education teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, or paraprofessionals, such as preservice, professional development, or leadership development programs; and

(D) technical assistance for eligible recipients; and

(2) report on the effectiveness of such use of funds in achieving the goals described in section 2342(d)(2) of this title and the State determined levels of performance described in section 2323(b)(3)(A) of this title, and reducing disparities or performance gaps as described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title.

(b) Permissible uses of funds

The State leadership activities described in subsection (a) may include—

(1) developing statewide programs of study, which may include standards, curriculum, and course development, and career exploration, guidance, and advisement activities and resources;

(2) approving locally developed programs of study that meet the requirements established in section 2342(d)(4)(B) of this title;

(3) establishing statewide articulation agreements aligned to approved programs of study;

(4) establishing statewide industry or sector partnerships among local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, adult education providers, Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations that may be present in the State, employers, including small businesses, and parents, as appropriate to—

(A) develop and implement programs of study aligned to State and local economic and education needs, including, as appropriate, in-demand industry sectors and occupations;

(B) facilitate the establishment, expansion, and integration of opportunities for students at the secondary level to—

(i) successfully complete coursework that integrates rigorous and challenging technical and academic instruction aligned with the challenging State academic standards adopted by the State under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)]; and

(ii) earn a recognized postsecondary credential or credit toward a recognized postsecondary credential, which may be earned through a dual or concurrent enrollment program or early college high school, at no cost to the student or the student's family; and

(C) facilitate work-based learning opportunities (including internships, externships, and simulated work environments) into programs of study;

(5) for teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals providing career and technical education instruction, support services, and specialized instructional support services, high-quality comprehensive professional development that is, to the extent practicable, grounded in evidence-based research (to the extent a State determines that such evidence is reasonably available) that identifies the most effective educator professional development process and is coordinated and aligned with other professional development activities carried out by the State (including under title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6601 et seq.] and title II of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1021 et seq.]), including programming that—

(A) promotes the integration of the challenging State academic standards adopted by the State under section 1111(b)(1) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(1)] and relevant technical knowledge and skills, including programming jointly delivered to academic and career and technical education teachers;

(B) prepares career and technical education teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals to provide appropriate accommodations for students who are members of special populations, including through the use of principles of universal design for learning, multi-tier systems of supports, and positive behavioral interventions and support; and

(C) increases the ability of teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals providing career and technical education instruction to stay current with industry standards and earn an industry-recognized credential or license, as appropriate, including by assisting those with relevant industry experience in obtaining State teacher licensure or credential requirements;

(6) supporting eligible recipients in eliminating inequities in student access to—

(A) high-quality programs of study that provide skill development; and

(B) effective teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, and paraprofessionals;

(7) awarding incentive grants to eligible recipients—

(A) for exemplary performance in carrying out programs under this chapter, which awards shall be based on—

(i) eligible recipients exceeding the local level of performance on a core indicator of performance established under section 2323(b)(4)(A) of this title in a manner that reflects sustained or significant improvement;

(ii) eligible recipients effectively developing connections between secondary education and postsecondary education and training;

(iii) the integration of academic and technical standards;

(iv) eligible recipients' progress in closing achievement gaps among subpopulations who participate in programs of study; or

(v) other factors relating to the performance of eligible recipients under this chapter as the eligible agency determines are appropriate; or

(B) if an eligible recipient elects to use funds as permitted under section 2355(c) of this title;

(8) providing support for—

(A) the adoption and integration of recognized postsecondary credentials and work-based learning into programs of study, and for increasing data collection associated with recognized postsecondary credentials and employment outcomes; or

(B) consultation and coordination with other State agencies for the identification and examination of licenses or certifications that—

(i) pose an unwarranted barrier to entry into the workforce for career and technical education students; and

(ii) do not protect the health, safety, or welfare of consumers;

(9) the creation, implementation, and support of pay for success initiatives leading to a recognized postsecondary credential;

(10) support for career and technical education programs for adults and out-of-school youth concurrent with their completion of their secondary school education in a school or other educational setting;

(11) the creation, evaluation, and support of competency-based curricula;

(12) support for the development, implementation, and expansion of programs of study or career pathways in areas declared to be in a state of emergency under section 5191 of title 42;

(13) partnering with qualified intermediaries to improve training, the development of public-private partnerships, systems development, capacity-building, and scalability of the delivery of high-quality career and technical education;

(14) improvement of career guidance and academic counseling programs that assist students in making informed academic and career and technical education decisions, including academic and financial aid counseling;

(15) support for the integration of employability skills into career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(16) support for programs and activities that increase access, student engagement, and success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (including computer science, coding, and architecture), support for the integration of arts and design skills, and support for hands-on learning, particularly for students who are members of groups underrepresented in such subject fields, such as female students, minority students, and students who are members of special populations;

(17) support for career and technical student organizations, especially with respect to efforts to increase the participation of students in nontraditional fields and students who are members of special populations;

(18) support for establishing and expanding work-based learning opportunities that are aligned to career and technical education programs and programs of study;

(19) integrating and aligning programs of study and career pathways;

(20) supporting the use of career and technical education programs and programs of study aligned with State, regional, or local high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sectors or occupations identified by the State workforce development board described in section 3111 of title 29 or local workforce development boards;

(21) making all forms of instructional content widely available, which may include use of open educational resources;

(22) developing valid and reliable assessments of competencies and technical skills and enhancing data systems to collect and analyze data on secondary and postsecondary academic and employment outcomes;

(23) support for accelerated learning programs, as described in section 4104(b)(3)(A)(i)(IV) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7114(b)(3)(A)(i)(IV)], in the case of any such program that is part of a career and technical education program of study;

(24) support for career academies to implement a postsecondary education and workforce-ready curriculum at the secondary education level that integrates rigorous academic, technical, and employability contents through career and technical education programs and programs of study that address needs described in the comprehensive needs assessment under section 2354(c) of this title; and

(25) other State leadership activities that improve career and technical education.

(c) Restriction on uses of funds

An eligible agency that receives funds under section 2322(a)(2) of this title may not use any of such funds for administrative costs, unless expressly authorized under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §124, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 723; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(4), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(n)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2170; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §124, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1608.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§6601 et seq.) of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1021 et seq.) of chapter 28 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2344, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §124, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3107, related to State leadership activities, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–224, §124(1), substituted "shall—" for "shall conduct State leadership activities." and added pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–224, §124(2), substituted "Permissible" for "Required" in heading and "may" for "shall" in introductory provisions, added pars. (1) to (25), and struck out former pars. (1) to (9) which set out activities required to be included in State leadership activities.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 115–224, §124(3)–(5), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c), inserted ", unless expressly authorized under subsection (a)" before period at end, and struck out former subsec. (c) which set out permissible uses of funds for State leadership activities.

2015—Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "a well-rounded education (as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)" for "the core academic subjects (as defined in section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)".

2014—Subsec. (c)(13). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted "such as through referral to the system established under section 3151 of title 29" for "such as through referral to the system established under section 2841 of title 29".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
20 U.S.C. § 1232e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter III: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS CONCERNING OPERATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS: GENERAL AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY / Section 1232e: Single local educational agency application
Single local educational agency application
Status: in_force

(a) General application to State agency or board

Each local educational agency which participates in an applicable program under which Federal funds are made available to such agency through a State agency or board shall submit to such agency or board a general application containing the assurances set forth in subsection (b). That application shall cover the participation by that local educational agency in all such programs.

(b) Assurances

The general application submitted by a local educational agency under subsection (a) shall set forth assurances—

(1) that the local educational agency will administer each program covered by the application in accordance with all applicable statutes, regulations, program plans, and applications;

(2) that the control of funds provided to the local educational agency under each program, and title to property acquired with those funds, will be in a public agency and that a public agency will administer those funds and property;

(3) that the local educational agency will use fiscal control and fund accounting procedures that will ensure proper disbursement of, and accounting for, Federal funds paid to that agency under each program;

(4) that the local educational agency will make reports to the State agency or board and to the Secretary as may reasonably be necessary to enable the State agency or board and the Secretary to perform their duties and that the local educational agency will maintain such records, including the records required under section 1232f of this title, and provide access to those records, as the State agency or board or the Secretary deem necessary to perform their duties;

(5) that the local educational agency will provide reasonable opportunities for the participation by teachers, parents, and other interested agencies, organizations, and individuals in the planning for and operation of each program;

(6) that any application, evaluation, periodic program plan or report relating to each program will be made readily available to parents and other members of the general public;

(7) that in the case of any project involving construction—

(A) the project is not inconsistent with overall State plans for the construction of school facilities, and

(B) in developing plans for construction, due consideration will be given to excellence of architecture and design and to compliance with standards prescribed by the Secretary under section 794 of title 29 in order to ensure that facilities constructed with the use of Federal funds are accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities;

(8) that the local educational agency has adopted effective procedures for acquiring and disseminating to teachers and administrators participating in each program significant information from educational research, demonstrations, and similar projects, and for adopting, where appropriate, promising educational practices developed through such projects; and

(9) that none of the funds expended under any applicable program will be used to acquire equipment (including computer software) in any instance in which such acquisition results in a direct financial benefit to any organization representing the interests of the purchasing entity or its employees or any affiliate of such an organization.

(c) Effective term of general application

A general application submitted under this section shall remain in effect for the duration of the programs it covers. The State agencies or boards administering the programs covered by the application shall not require the submission or amendment of such application unless required by changes in Federal or State law or by other significant change in the circumstances affecting an assurance in such application.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §442, formerly §436, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1231(a)(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2345; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title VII, §706(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2407; renumbered §442 and amended Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §§212(b)(1), (3)(B), 261(g), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913, 3928.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1232e, Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §436, formerly §426, as added Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(a)(10), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 170; renumbered §436, Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 326, related to authority of Commissioner to vest title in equipment, prior to repeal by section 1231(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95–561.

A prior section 442 of Pub. L. 90–247 was classified to section 1233a of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–382, §261(g)(1), substituted "that local educational agency" for "that local education agency".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–382, §261(g)(2)(A), inserted comma after "program".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–382, §261(g)(2)(B), substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 103–382, §212(b)(3)(B), made technical amendment to reference to section 1232f of this title to reflect renumbering of corresponding section of original act.

Subsec. (b)(7)(B). Pub. L. 103–382, §261(g)(2)(C), substituted "individuals with disabilities" for "handicapped individuals".

1984—Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 98–511 added par. (9).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–511 effective Oct. 19, 1984, see section 711(a) of Pub. L. 98–511, set out as a note under section 1226c of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective with respect to appropriations for fiscal year 1980 and subsequent fiscal years, see section 1261 of Pub. L. 95–561, set out as a note under section 1232c of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 65 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 65: Repealed. Pub. L. 89-674, §3, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 953
Repealed. Pub. L. 89-674, §3, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 953
Status: repealed

Section, act July 7, 1884, ch. 332, 23 Stat. 214, required Director of National Museum to report annually to Congress on progress of the Museum during the year and its present condition. See section 65a of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9708 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 77: FINANCIAL LITERACY AND EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT / Section 9708: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter, including administrative expenses of the Commission.

(Pub. L. 108–159, title V, §519, Dec. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 2010.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section subject to joint regulations establishing effective dates as prescribed by Federal Reserve Board and Federal Trade Commission, except as otherwise provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–159, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 1681 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
20 U.S.C. § 781 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 22: NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ARTS / Section 781: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-346, §5(d)(3)(B), July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 445
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-346, §5(d)(3)(B), July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 445
Status: repealed

For general subject matter of sections 781 to 788, see section 955 of this title.

Section 781, Pub. L. 88–579, §2, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 905, set forth a Congressional declaration of policy to encourage and promote the Nation's artistic and cultural progress by establishing a National Council on the Arts.

Section 782, Pub. L. 88–579, §3, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 905, proscribed Federal control over policy or program determination in the administration of this chapter.

Section 783, Pub. L. 88–579, §4, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 905, established in the Executive Office of the President a National Council on the Arts. See section 955 of this title and notes thereunder.

Section 784, Pub. L. 88–579, §5, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 89–209, §6(d)(1), (2), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 849, 850, provided for appointment, composition, terms of office and vacancies in the National Council on the Arts.

Section 785, Pub. L. 88–579, §6, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 89–209, §5(d)(2)(A), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 847; Pub. L. 90–83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 223, provided for appointment of a Chairman of the National Council on the Arts, his term of office and reimbursement for his expenses.

Section 786, Pub. L. 88–579, §7, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 89–209, §6(d)(3), (4), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 850, provided that the National Council on the Arts meet at the call of the Chairman at least twice a year, established 14 Council members as constituting a quorum, and set forth functions and duties of the Council.

Section 787, Pub. L. 88–579, §8, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 907, provided for compensation of Council members.

Section 788, Pub. L. 88–579, §9, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 907, authorized appointment of and compensation for secretarial, clerical, and other staff and further authorized procurement by the Chairman of temporary and intermittent services.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1970, see section 5(d)(3)(B) of Pub. L. 91–346.
20 U.S.C. § 806 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 23: TRAINING AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / Section 806: Authorization of appropriations; availability of funds
Authorization of appropriations; availability of funds
Status: in_force

There is authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of making grants and providing fellowships under this chapter, without fiscal year limitation, not to exceed $30,000,000, which amount shall be increased by $3,500,000 on July 1, 1974, and by $3,500,000 on July 1, 1975. Any amounts appropriated under this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 88–560, title VIII, §807, formerly §806, as added Pub. L. 91–152, title III, §307, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 394; renumbered §807 and amended Pub. L. 93–383, title IV, §402(c)(1), (d), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 692.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 93–383, §402, provided for amendments to title VIII of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1964. The amendments of the enumerated sections of such title VIII have been executed to comparable sections of title VIII of the Housing Act of 1964 as the probable intent of Congress.

Amendments

1974—Pub. L. 93–383, §402(d), inserted provisions increasing amount by $3,500,000 on July 1, 1974, and by $3,500,000 on July 1, 1975.
20 U.S.C. § 1205 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 30: BASIC EDUCATION FOR ADULTS / Subchapter II: STATE PROGRAMS / Section 1205: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Status: repealed

Section 1205, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §331, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 307; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §301(c), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 346, related to State administration.

A prior section 1205, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §306, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1218; Pub. L. 90–247, title V, §502(b), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 91–230, title III, §301, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, §§603, 607(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 576, 578; Pub. L. 95–561, title XIII, §1305, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2357; Pub. L. 98–511, title I, §§102(f)(1), 105, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2366, 2367; Pub. L. 98–524, §4(d)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2488; Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §701(a), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 524, related to State plans, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 1205a, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §332, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 307; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §301(d), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 102–367, title VI, §601(b)(2), Sept. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1103, related to State advisory council on adult education and literacy.