7 U.S.C. § 1446 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter III: NONBASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1446: Price support levels for designated nonbasic agricultural commodities
Price support levels for designated nonbasic agricultural commodities
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary is authorized and directed to make available (without regard to the provisions of sections 1447 to 1449 of this title) price support to producers for oilseeds (including soybeans, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed, and such other oilseeds as the Secretary may determine), sunflower seeds, honey, milk, sugar beets, and sugarcane in accordance with this subchapter.

(b) The price of honey shall be supported through loans, purchases, or other operations at a level not in excess of 90 per centum nor less than 60 per centum of the parity price thereof; and the price of tung nuts for each crop of tung nuts through the 1976 crop shall be supported through loans, purchases, or other operations at a level not in excess of 90 per centum nor less than 60 per centum of the parity price therefor: Provided, That in any crop year through the 1976 crop year in which the Secretary determines that the domestic production of tung oil will be less than the anticipated domestic demand for such oil, the price of tung nuts shall be supported at not less than 65 per centum of the parity price therefor.

(c) Except as provided in section 1446e 1 of this title, the price of milk shall be supported at such level not in excess of 90 per centum nor less than 75 per centum of the parity price therefor as the Secretary determines necessary in order to assure an adequate supply of pure and wholesome milk to meet current needs, reflect changes in the cost of production, and assure a level of farm income adequate to maintain productive capacity sufficient to meet anticipated future needs. Such price support shall be provided through the purchase of milk and the products of milk.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

(1)(A) During the period beginning on January 1, 1986, and ending on December 31, 1990, the price of milk shall be supported as provided in this subsection.

(B) During the period beginning on January 1, 1986, and ending on December 31, 1986, the price of milk shall be supported at a rate equal to $11.60 per hundredweight for milk containing 3.67 percent milkfat.

(C)(i) During the period beginning on January 1, 1987, and ending on September 30, 1987, the price of milk shall be supported at a rate equal to $11.35 per hundredweight for milk containing 3.67 percent milkfat.

(ii) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), during the period beginning on October 1, 1987, and ending on December 31, 1990, the price of milk shall be supported at a rate equal to $11.10 per hundredweight for milk containing 3.67 percent milkfat.

(D)(i) Subject to clause (ii), if for each of the calendar years 1988 and 1990, the level of purchases of milk and the products of milk under this subsection (less sales under section 1427 of this title for unrestricted use), as estimated by the Secretary on January 1 of such calendar year, will exceed 5,000,000,000 pounds (milk equivalent), on January 1 of such calendar year, the Secretary shall reduce by 50 cents the rate of price support for milk as in effect on such date.

(ii) The rate of price support for milk may not be reduced under clause (i) unless—

(I) the milk production termination program under paragraph (3) achieved a reduction in the production of milk by participants in the program of at least 12,000,000,000 pounds during the 18 months of the program; or

(II) the Secretary submits to Congress a certification, including a statement of facts in support of the certification of the Secretary, that reasonable contract offers were extended by the Secretary under such program but such offers were not accepted by a sufficient number of producers making reasonable bids for contracts to achieve such a reduction in production.

(E) If for any of the calendar years 1988, 1989, and 1990, the level of purchases of milk and the products of milk under this subsection (less sales under section 1427 of this title for unrestricted use), as estimated by the Secretary on January 1 of such calendar year, will not exceed 2,500,000,000 pounds (milk equivalent), the Secretary shall increase by 50 cents the rate of price support for milk in effect on such date.

(F) The price of milk shall be supported through the purchase of milk and the products of milk.

(2)(A) Beginning after March 31, 1986, the Secretary shall provide for a reduction to be made in the price received by producers for all milk produced in the United States and marketed by producers for commercial use.

(B) Except as provided in subparagraphs (E) and (F), the amount of the reduction under subparagraph (A) in the price received by producers shall be—

(i) the period beginning on April 1, 1986, and ending on December 31, 1986, 40 cents per hundredweight of milk marketed; and

(ii) during the first 9 months of 1987, 25 cents per hundredweight of milk marketed.

(C) The funds represented by the reduction in price, required under this paragraph to be applied to the marketings of milk by a producer, shall be collected and remitted to the Commodity Credit Corporation, at such time and in such manner as prescribed by the Secretary, by each person making payment to a producer for milk purchased from such producer, except that in the case of a producer who markets milk of the producer's own production directly to consumers, such funds shall be remitted directly to the Corporation by such producer.

(D) The funds remitted to the Corporation under this paragraph shall be considered as included in the payments to a producer of milk for purposes of the minimum price provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (7 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937.

(E)(i) In lieu of any reductions in payments made by the Secretary for the purchase of milk and the products of milk under this subsection during the period beginning March 1, 1986, and ending September 30, 1986, required under the order issued by the President on February 1, 1986, under section 252 1 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–177) [2 U.S.C. 902], the Secretary shall increase the amount of the reduction required under subparagraph (A) during the period beginning April 1, 1986, and ending September 30, 1986, as the sole means of meeting any reductions required under the order in payments made by the Secretary for the purchase of milk and the products of milk under this subsection.

(ii) The aggregate amount of any increased reduction under clause (i) shall be equal, to the extent practicable, to the aggregate amount of the reduction that would otherwise be required under the order referred to in clause (i) in payments made by the Secretary for the purchase of milk and the products of milk under this subsection during the period beginning March 1, 1986, and ending September 30, 1986, except that the amount of any increased reduction under clause (i) may not exceed 12 cents per hundredweight of milk marketed.

(F)(i) The Secretary—

(I) notwithstanding the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 and any order issued by the President under section 252 1 of such Act [2 U.S.C. 902] for a fiscal year; and

(II) in lieu of making any reduction in payments for the purchase of milk or the products of milk under this subsection during such fiscal year under any such order;

shall provide for the reduction (measured in cents per hundredweight of milk marketed) under subparagraph (A) during the period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of such fiscal year as the sole means of achieving any reduction in budget outlays under the milk price-support program that otherwise would be required under either such order and only for the purpose of substituting for any reduction in payments made by the Secretary for the purchase of milk or the products of milk under either such order.

(ii) The aggregate amount of any reduction under subparagraph (A) resulting from the operation of clause (i) may not exceed the aggregate amount of the reduction in budget outlays under the milk price-support program, as estimated by the Secretary, that otherwise would have been achieved under either such order by reducing payments made by the Secretary for the purchase of milk or the products of milk under this subsection during such fiscal year.

(F) 2 During calendar year 1988, the Secretary shall provide for a reduction of 2½ cents per hundredweight to be made in the price received by producers for all milk produced in the United States and marketed by producers for commercial use.

(3)(A)(i) The Secretary shall establish and carry out under this paragraph a milk production termination program for the 18-month period beginning April 1, 1986.

(ii) Under the milk production termination program required under this subparagraph, the Secretary, at the request of any producer of milk in the United States who submits to the Secretary a bid, may offer to enter into a contract with the producer for the purpose of terminating the production of milk by the producer in return for a payment to be made by the Secretary.

(iii) For the 18-month period for which the milk production termination program under this subparagraph is in effect, the Secretary shall—

(I) as soon as practicable, determine the total number of dairy cattle the Secretary estimates will be marketed for slaughter as a result of such program; and

(II) by regulation specify marketing procedures to ensure that greater numbers of dairy cattle slaughtered as a result of the production termination program provided for in this section shall be slaughtered in each of the periods of April through August 1986, and March through August 1987 than for the other months of the program. Such procedures also shall ensure that such sales of dairy cattle for slaughter shall occur on a basis estimated by the Secretary that maintains historical seasonal marketing patterns. During such 18-month period, the Secretary shall limit the total number of dairy cattle marketed for slaughter under the program in excess of the historical dairy herd culling rate to no more than 7 percent of the national dairy herd per calendar year.

(iv) Each contract made under this subparagraph shall provide that—

(I) the producer shall sell for slaughter or for export all the dairy cattle in which such producer owns an interest;

(II) during a period of 3, 4, or 5 years, as specified by the Secretary in each producer contract and beginning on the day the producer completes compliance with subclause (I), the producer neither shall acquire any interest in dairy cattle or in the production of milk nor acquire, or make available to any person, any milk production capacity of a facility that becomes available because of compliance by a producer with such subclause unless the Secretary shall by regulation otherwise permit; and

(III) if the producer fails to comply with such contract, the producer shall repay to the Secretary the entire payment received under the contract, including simple interest payable at a rate prescribed by the Secretary, which shall, to the extent practicable, reflect the cost to the Corporation of its borrowings from the Treasury of the United States, commencing on the date payment is first received under such contract.

(v) Any producer of milk who seeks to enter into a contract for payments under this paragraph shall provide the Secretary with (I) evidence of such producer's marketing history; (II) the size and composition of the producer's dairy herd during the period the marketing history is determined; and (III) the size and composition of the producer's dairy herd at the time the bid is submitted, as the Secretary deems necessary and appropriate.

(vi) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), no producer who commenced marketing of milk in the 15-month period ending March 31, 1986, shall be eligible to enter into a contract for payments under this subparagraph.

(vii) A contract entered into under this paragraph by a producer who by reason of death cannot perform or assign such contract may be performed or assigned by the estate of such producer.

(B) The Secretary may establish and carry out a milk diversion or milk production termination program for any of the calendar years 1988, 1989, and 1990 as necessary to avoid the creation of burdensome excess supplies of milk or milk products.

(C) In setting the terms and conditions of any milk diversion or milk production termination under this paragraph and of each contract made under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall take into account any adverse effect of such program or contracts on beef, pork, and poultry producers in the United States and shall take all feasible steps to minimize such effect.

(D) A producer who commenced marketing milk after December 31, 1984, shall be eligible to enter into a contract for payments under this subparagraph if such producer's entire milk production facility and entire dairy herd were transferred to the producer by reason of a gift from, or the death of, a member or members of the family of the producer. The term "member of the family of the producer" means (i) an ancestor of the producer, (ii) the spouse of the producer, (iii) a lineal descendant of the producer, or the producer's spouse, or a parent of the producer, or (iv) the spouse of any such lineal descendant.

(E) Application for payment shall be made by producers through the county committees established under section 590h(b) of title 16.

(F) to (J) Repealed. Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §101(b)(1), (2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1363, 1365.

(K) Redesignated (E).

(L) Repealed. Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §101(b)(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1365.

(M) A contract entered into under this paragraph by a producer who by reason of death cannot perform or assign such contract may be performed or assigned, in accordance with subparagraph (L), by the estate of such producer.

(N) If the provisions for reductions in the price received for milk marketed for commercial use as provided for in paragraph (2) are held to be invalid by any court, or the Secretary is restrained or enjoined by any court from implementing such provisions, the Secretary shall immediately suspend making any diversion payments under this paragraph for the period beginning with the date of such court action and shall resume making such payments only if such court action is overruled, stayed, or terminated.

(4) Each producer who markets milk and each person required to make payment to the Corporation under this subsection shall keep such records and make such reports, in such manner, as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out this subsection. The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary deems necessary for the effective administration of this subsection or to determine whether any person subject to the provisions of this subsection has engaged or is engaged or is about to engage in any act or practice that constitutes or will constitute a violation of any provision of this subsection or regulation issued under this subsection. For the purpose of such investigation, the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, subpena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States. In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpena to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of records. Such court may issue an order requiring such person to appear before the Secretary to produce records or to give testimony on the matter under investigation. Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. All process in any such case may be served in the judicial district of which such person is an inhabitant or wherever such person may be found.

(5)(A) The district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, any provision of this subsection or any regulation issued under this subsection. Any such civil action authorized to be brought under this subsection shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action. The Secretary is not required, however, to refer to the Attorney General minor violations of this subsection whenever the Secretary believes that the administration and enforcement of this subsection would be adequately served by suitable written notice or warning to any person committing such violation.

(B)(i) Each person as to whom there is a failure to make a reduction in the price of milk received by such person as required by paragraph (2) or who fails to remit to the Corporation the funds required to be collected and remitted by paragraph (2)(B) shall be liable, in addition to any amount due, to a marketing penalty at a rate equal to the support price for milk in effect at the time the failure occurs on the quantity of milk as to which the failure applies. The Secretary may reduce any such marketing penalty in such amount as the Secretary determines equitable in any case in which the Secretary determines that the failure was unintentional or without knowledge on the part of the person concerned. Each person who knowingly violates any other provision of this subsection, or any regulation issued under this subsection, shall be liable for a civil penalty of not more than $1,000 for each such violation. Any penalty provided for under this subparagraph shall be assessed by the Secretary after notice and opportunity for a hearing.

(ii) Each person who buys, from a producer with respect to whom there is in effect at the time of such sale a contract entered into under paragraph (3), one or more dairy cattle sold for slaughter or export, who knows that such cattle are sold for slaughter or export, and who fails to cause the slaughter or export of such cattle within a reasonable time after receiving such cattle shall be liable for a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 with respect to each of such cattle.

(iii) Each person who retains or acquires an interest in dairy cattle or the production of milk in violation of a contract entered into under this paragraph shall be liable, in addition to any amount due under paragraph (3)(A)(iv), to a marketing penalty on the quantity of milk produced during the period in which such ownership is prohibited under the contract. Such penalty shall be computed at the rate or rates of the support price for milk in effect during the period in which the milk production occurred.

(iv) Each person who makes a false statement in a bid submitted under paragraph (3) as to (I) the marketings of milk for commercial use by the producer, or (II) the size or composition of the dairy herd that produced such marketings, or (III) the size or composition of the dairy herd at the time the bid is submitted shall be subject, in addition to any amount due under paragraph (3)(A)(iv) or clause (iii) of this subparagraph, to a civil penalty of $5,000 for each head of cattle to which such statement applied.

(v) Each person who makes a false statement as to the number of dairy cattle that was sold for slaughter or export under a contract under paragraph (3)(A) shall be subject, in addition to any amount due under paragraph (3)(A)(iv) or clause (iii) of this subparagraph, to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each head of cattle to which such statement applied.

(C) Any person against whom a penalty is assessed under subparagraph (B) may obtain review of such penalty in an appropriate district court of the United States by filing a civil action in such court not later than thirty days after such penalty is imposed. The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record upon which the penalty is based. The findings of the Secretary may be set aside only if found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.

(D) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to review and enforce any penalty imposed under subparagraph (B).

(E) The remedies provided in this paragraph shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may be available.

(F) In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may, as the Secretary deems appropriate—

(i) use the services of State and county committees established under section 590h(b) of title 16; and

(ii) enter into agreements to use, on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis, the services of administrators of Federal milk marketing orders and State milk marketing programs.

(6) The term "United States" as used in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection means the forty-eight contiguous States in the continental United States.

(7) The Secretary shall carry out this subsection through the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title II, §201, 63 Stat. 1052; Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title II, §§203(a), 204(b), title VII, §709, 68 Stat. 899, 912; Apr. 2, 1956, ch. 159, §1, 70 Stat. 86; July 20, 1956, ch. 661, 70 Stat. 596; Pub. L. 85–835, title V, §503, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 86–799, Sept. 16, 1960, 74 Stat. 1054; Pub. L. 91–524, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 93–86, §1(3)(B), (C), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 222, 223; Pub. L. 93–225, Dec. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 942; Pub. L. 95–113, title II, §203, title IX, §§901, 902, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 920, 949; Pub. L. 96–127, §1, Nov. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 96–494, title II, §202(c), Dec. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 2570; Pub. L. 97–6, Mar. 31, 1981, 95 Stat. 8; Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §150, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 369; Pub. L. 97–98, title I, §103, title VIII, §801, title IX, §901, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1219, 1256, 1257; Pub. L. 97–253, title I, §101, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §102(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1128; Pub. L. 99–114, §1, Oct. 1, 1985, 99 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 99–157, §1, Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 99–182, §1, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §101(a)–(e), title VIII, §801, title IX, §901, title X, §§1008, 1041, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1362–1365, 1441, 1443, 1452, 1464; Pub. L. 99–260, §10, Mar. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 52; Pub. L. 100–45, §15(a), May 27, 1987, 101 Stat. 325; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title VI, §638], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–322, 1329–357; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1104(c)–(e), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–4; Pub. L. 100–387, title I, §102(a), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 932; Pub. L. 101–239, title I, §1007, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2110; Pub. L. 101–624, title VII, §701(1), title IX, §901(1), title XI, §1161(b), title XXII, §2236(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3457, 3478, 3520, 3961; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §113(8), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1838.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1446e of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §141(g), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 915.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act, as reenacted with amendments by the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(D), is title I of act May 12, 1933, ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 26 (§601 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 601 of this title and Tables.

The order issued by the President on February 1, 1986, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(E)(i), is set out as a note under section 902 of Title 2, The Congress.

Section 252 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(E)(i), (F)(i)(I), is classified to section 902 of Title 2, The Congress, and was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13101(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–581. Provisions relating to Presidential orders are contained in section 904(f)(5) of Title 2.

The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(F)(i)(I), is title II of Pub. L. 99–177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1038, which enacted chapter 20 (§900 et seq.) and sections 654 to 656 of Title 2, The Congress, amended sections 602, 622, 631 to 642, and 651 to 653 of Title 2, sections 1104 to 1106, and 1109 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 911 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealed section 661 of Title 2, enacted provisions set out as notes under section 900 of Title 2 and section 911 of Title 42, and amended provisions set out as a note under section 621 of Title 2. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 900 of Title 2 and Tables.

Amendments

1991—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 102–237 redesignated subsec. (b), relating to price supports for milk, as (c).

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624, §§701(1), 901(1), 1161(b)(1), designated opening paragraph as subsec. (a) and substituted "oilseeds (including soybeans, sunflower seed, canola, rapeseed, safflower, flaxseed, mustard seed, and such other oilseeds as the Secretary may determine)," for "tung nuts,", "honey, milk, sugar beets, and sugarcane" for "honey, and milk", and "in accordance with this subchapter." for "as follows:".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1161(b)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and substituted reference to section 1446e of this title for reference to subsection (d) of this section.

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 101–624, §2236(a), temporarily designated existing text as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1990 Amendment note below.

1989—Subsec. (d)(1)(C)(ii), (iii). Pub. L. 101–239, §1007(1), temporarily inserted in cl. (ii) "clause (iii) and" after "Except as provided in" and added cl. (iii). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (d)(1)(D)(i). Pub. L. 101–239, §1007(2), temporarily substituted "calendar year 1990" for "each of the calendar years 1988 and 1990" and "may reduce by not more than" for "shall reduce by". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment note below.

1988—Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 100–387 substituted "if for each of the calendar years 1988 and 1990" for "if for any of the calendar years 1988, 1989, and 1990".

1987—Pub. L. 100–45, §15(a)(1), temporarily inserted "sunflower seeds," after "soybeans," in first sentence. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendments note below.

Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 100–203, §1104(c), temporarily added subpar. (D). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendments note below.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title VI, §638(1)], substituted "Beginning after March 31, 1986," for "During the period beginning on April 1, 1986, and ending on September 30, 1987,".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title VI, §638(2)], substituted "subparagraphs (E) and (F)" for "subparagraph (E)".

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 100–203, §1104(d)(1), substituted "this paragraph" for "subparagraph (A)".

Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 100–203, §1104(d)(2), added subpar. (F) directing Secretary to provide for reduction of 2½ cents per hundredweight in price received by producers during calendar year 1988.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title VI, §638(3)], added subpar. (F) directing Secretary to provide for reduction under subpar. (A) as the sole means of achieving any reduction in budget outlays in milk price-support system under Presidential budget-cutting orders.

Subsec. (j)(7). Pub. L. 100–203, §1104(e), added par. (7).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 100–45, §15(a)(2), temporarily added subsec. (l). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendments note below.

1986—Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 99–260, §10(1), substituted "Except as provided in subparagraph (E), the" for "The".

Subsec. (d)(2)(E). Pub. L. 99–260, §10(2), added subpar. (E).

1985—Pub. L. 99–198, §§801(1), 901(1), in provisions preceding subsec. (a), temporarily reenacted without change the amendments made in 1977 by sections 901(1) and 902(1) of Pub. L. 95–113 and in 1981 by sections 801(1) and 901(1) of Pub. L. 97–98, which inserted references to soybeans, sugar beets, and sugar cane. See Effective and Termination Dates of Amendments notes for 1985, 1981, and 1977, respectively, set out below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198, §1041, amended subsec. (b) generally, temporarily substituting provisions for loans, purchases and other price supports for the 1986 through 1990 crops of honey, and repayment of loans under this subsection, as well as penalties for pledging adulterated or imported honey as collateral to secure such loans, for provisions for support of the price of honey through loans, purchases or other operations, without any crop year restrictions, at a level not in excess of 90 per centum nor less than 60 per centum of the parity price thereof, and struck out provisions for price support for tung nuts through the 1976 crop year. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendments note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(d), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, the price" for "The price".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(a), in amending par. (1) generally, substituted provisions adjusting milk price support levels for calendar years 1986 through 1990 by gradually reducing the price support from $11.60 per hundredweight to $11.10 per hundredweight, providing for adjustments of 50 cents per hundredweight in the support level for calendar years 1988 through 1990 depending on projected sales levels for provisions setting price support levels for calendar years 1983 through 1985 by gradually reducing the price support from $13.10 per hundredweight to $12.60 per hundredweight, and providing for adjustments of 50 cents per hundredweight in the support level for twelve month periods beginning on April 1, 1985 and/or July 1, 1985, depending on projected sales levels.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–182 substituted "December 31, 1985" for "December 13, 1985".

Pub. L. 99–157 substituted "December 13, 1985" for "November 15, 1985".

Pub. L. 99–114 substituted "November 15, 1985" for "September 30, 1985".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(a), in amending par. (2) generally, substituted provisions for a reduction in the price received by producers for all milk produced in the United States and marketed for commercial use in an amount of 40 cents per hundredweight for the period between Apr. 1, 1986, and Dec. 31, 1986, and 25 cents per hundredweight during the first 9 months of 1987 for provisions for a reduction of 50 cents per hundredweight in such price effective for the period beginning with the first day of the first calendar month following Nov. 29, 1983, and ending on Mar. 31, 1985, and struck out provisions relating to the continued applicability of pars. (2) to (7) of this subsection between Nov. 29, 1983, and the last day of November, 1983, and the inapplicability of sections 4501 to 4513 of this title to prior deductions or collections under this subsection, and provisions that to the extent that funds collected under this paragraph were inadequate to make payments to producers under par. (3), such payments had to be made using otherwise available funds.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), in amending subpar. (A) generally, substituted provisions for a milk production termination program for the 18-month period beginning Apr. 1, 1986, for provisions for a milk diversion program under which Secretary had to offer to enter into a contract, at any time up to Feb. 1, 1984, with any producer of milk in the United States to reduce the quantity of commercially marketed milk during the 15-month period beginning Jan. 1, 1984.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), in amending subpar. (B) generally, substituted provisions authorizing Secretary to establish and carry out a milk diversion or milk production termination program for any of the calendar years 1988, 1989 and 1990 for provisions which had enumerated the requirements for contracts between Secretary and any domestic producer of milk to reduce the quantity of commercially marketed milk during the 15-month period beginning Jan. 1, 1984.

Subsec. (d)(3)(C). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), in amending subpar. (C) generally, substituted provisions requiring Secretary to take into account any adverse effect of any milk diversion or milk production program or contracts on beef, pork and poultry producers in the United States and to take all feasible steps to minimize such effect for provisions requiring Secretary to pay to producers complying with such contracts an amount equal to the product of $10 per hundredweight and the amount, measured in hundredweights, by which the quantity of milk marketed by such producer for commercial use during the period specified in such contract was less than the quantity of milk marketed by such producer for commercial use during the marketing history period.

Subsec. (d)(3)(D). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), in amending subpar. (D) generally, substituted provisions establishing eligibility of producers who have acquired their entire milk production facility and dairy herd by gift or inheritance from family member or members for provisions prohibiting payments to producers with respect to whom any reduction in the quantity of milk did not meet specified percentage guidelines.

Subsec. (d)(3)(E). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), (3), struck out subpar. (E) which specified conditions under which Secretary could modify contracts entered into under this paragraph, and redesignated subpar. (K) as (E).

Subsec. (d)(3)(F). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), struck out subpar. (F) which required domestic producers of milk seeking to enter into contracts for diversion payments to provide Secretary with evidence of such producer's marketing history, as defined by this subparagraph, which Secretary could adjust to take into account natural disasters or other conditions and factors where necessary.

Subsec. (d)(3)(G). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(1), struck out subpar. (G) which provided that no marketing history could be assigned to any producer who commenced marketing milk after Dec. 31, 1982, except as provided in subpar. (H).

Subsec. (d)(3)(H). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(2), struck out subpar. (H) which provided that a producer's marketing history could not be transferred to another person unless the producer's entire milk production facility and dairy herd were transferred by reason of the death of the producer, a gift by the producer, or to a member or members of the family of the producer.

Subsec. (d)(3)(I). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(2), struck out subpar. (I) which provided that eligibility for diversion payments would be determined on the basis of the marketing history provided for under subpar. (F).

Subsec. (d)(3)(J). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(2), struck out subpar. (J) which provided for quarterly diversion payments to eligible producers who were able to demonstrate compliance with terms of contract with Secretary for reduction in commercial marketing of milk.

Subsec. (d)(3)(K). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(3), redesignated subpar. (K) as (E).

Subsec. (d)(3)(L). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(2), struck out subpar. (L) which provided conditions under which a producer could assign a contract entered into under this paragraph.

Subsec. (d)(3)(O). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(b)(2), struck out subpar. (O) which authorized Secretary to adjust the producer's diversion payments to reflect the composition of milk marketed during the marketing history period, in the event of substantial deviation in the composition of milk marketed after that period.

Subsec. (d)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(c), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), struck out "(i)" after "Each person", substituted "or who fails to remit" for ", (ii) who fails to remit", struck out ", or (iii) who fails to make the reduction in marketings required by a contract under paragraph (3)" before "shall be liable", and added cls. (ii) to (v).

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 99–198, §101(e), added par. (7).

Subsecs. (i) to (k). Pub. L. 99–198, §§801(2), 901(2), 1008, temporarily added subsecs. (i) to (k). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

1983—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–180 amended subsec. (d) generally, substituting provision designed to adjust milk production to levels consistent with the national demand for milk and milk products by reducing the price support to $12.60 per hundredweight, with provision for further increase or decrease depending on volume, providing a 50 cents reduction per hundredweight in the price on all milk produced in the United States and marketed by producers for commercial use, and establishing a milk diversion program to reduce milk production for provision which kept the price support at $13.10 per hundredweight and authorized Secretary to collect $1.00 from farmers for every hundredweight of production sold, with the first 50 cents, payable beginning Oct. 1, 1982, to be nonrefundable, and the second 50 cents, payable beginning Apr. 1, 1983, refundable if the farmer could demonstrate reduced commercial marketings from such marketings during a defined base period.

1982—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–253, §101(1), struck out provision specifying milk price supports for the period beginning Dec. 22, 1981, and ending Sept. 30, 1982, and for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1983, 1984, and 1985, with authority for Secretary to set milk price supports if he estimated that for such a fiscal year the net cost of Government price support purchases would be less than $1,000,000,000 for that fiscal year or if he estimated that the net Government price support purchases would be less than a specified poundage per fiscal year.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–253, §101(2), added subsec. (d).

1981—Pub. L. 97–98, §§801(1), 901(1), temporarily inserted reference in provision preceding subsec. (a) to soybeans, sugar beets, and sugarcane. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1981 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–98, §103(1), substituted provision specifying milk price supports for the period beginning Dec. 22, 1981, and ending Sept. 30, 1982, and for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1983, 1984, and 1985, with authority for Secretary to set milk price supports if he estimates that for such a fiscal year the net cost of Government price support purchases will be less than $1,000,000,000 for that fiscal year or if he estimates that the net Government price support purchases will be less than a specified poundage per fiscal year for provision specifying the procedure and setting a schedule to be used to determine milk price supports for the period beginning Oct. 1, 1981, and ending Sept. 30, 1985.

Pub. L. 97–35, §150(1), substituted provisions setting forth price support levels for the period beginning Oct. 1, 1981, and ending Sept. 30, 1985, for provisions setting forth price support levels for the period beginning Oct. 1, 1977, and ending Sept. 30, 1981.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–98, §103(2), struck out subsec. (d) which provided that, effective for the period beginning Oct. 1, 1982, and ending Sept. 30, 1985, the support price of milk be adjusted by the Secretary at the beginning of each semiannual period to reflect the estimated change in the parity index during such semiannual period.

Pub. L. 97–35, §150(2), added subsec. (d).

Pub. L. 97–6 struck out subsec. (d) which required that, for the period Oct. 1, 1977, to Sept. 30, 1981, the support price of milk be adjusted semiannually.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 97–98, §§801(2), 901(2), temporarily added subsecs. (g) and (h). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1981 Amendments note below.

1980—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–494 inserted proviso that 1981 crop of soybeans shall be supported through loans and purchases at not less than $5.02 per bushel.

1979—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–127, §1(a), substituted Sept. 30, 1981, for Mar. 31, 1979.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–127, §1(b), substituted Sept. 30, 1981, for Mar. 31, 1981.

1977—Pub. L. 95–113, §§901(1), 902(1), temporarily inserted references to soybeans, sugar beets, and sugar cane in provisions preceding subsec. (a). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–113, §203(1), substituted the period Oct. 1, 1977, through Mar. 31, 1979, for the period Aug. 10, 1973, through Mar. 31, 1975, as the period during which the price of milk shall be supported at not less than 80 per centum of parity.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–113, §203(2), added subsec. (d).

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 95–113, §§901(2), 902(2), temporarily added subsecs. (e) and (f). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment note below.

1973—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–225 limited tung nuts price support level provisions to tung nuts through the 1976 crop year. Prior provisions were applicable to tung nuts without any crop year restriction.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–86 inserted "of pure and wholesome milk to meet current needs, reflect changes in the cost of production, and assure a level of farm income adequate to maintain productive capacity sufficient to meet anticipated future needs" after "necessary in order to assure an adequate supply" and inserted provision that for the period August 10, 1973, through March 31, 1975, the price of milk shall be supported at not less than 80 per centum of the parity price therefor.

1970—Pub. L. 91–524 substituted "and milk" for "milk, butterfat, and products of milk and butterfat" in provisions preceding subsec. (a) and struck out provisions for butterfat price supports in subsec. (c).

1960—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–799 inserted "Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, for the period beginning with September 16, 1960, and ending March 31, 1961, the price of milk for manufacturing purposes and the price of butterfat shall be supported at not less than $3.22 per hundredweight and 59.6 cents per pound, respectively."

1958—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–835 required minimum support level of tung oil to be 65 per centum of parity whenever domestic production is less than anticipated domestic demand.

1956—Subsec. (c). Act July 20, 1956, struck out "as are" before "devoted," and substituted "children" for "underprivileged children on a public welfare or charitable basis".

Act Apr. 2, 1956 increased amount authorized for fiscal year 1956 from $50,000,000 to $60,000,000, to authorize $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1957 and 1958, and permitted certain institutions devoted to care and training of underprivileged children on a public welfare or charitable basis to share in the program.

1954—Act Aug. 28, 1954, §§203(a), 709, removed Irish potatoes and wool (including mohair) from price support list in provisions preceding subsec. (a).

Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §709, struck out subsec. (a) relating to support of wool and mohair.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §203(a), struck out reference to Irish potatoes.

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 28, 1954, §204(b), provided for disposal of surplus dairy stocks owned by CCC.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by sections 701(1), 901(1), and 1161(b) of Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 1421 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXII, §2236(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3961, provided that the amendment made by section 2236(a) is effective only for the 1990 crop of sugarcane.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title I, §1007, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2110, provided that the amendment made by section 1007 is effective only for calendar year 1990.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1987 Amendments

Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1104(c), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–4, provided that the amendment made by section 1104(c) is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of honey.

Pub. L. 100–45, §15(a), May 27, 1987, 101 Stat. 325, provided that the amendment made by section 15(a) is effective for the 1987 through 1990 crops of sunflowers.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–260, §10, Mar. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 52, provided that the amendment made by section 10 is effective Mar. 1, 1986.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §101(f), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1366, provided that: "The provisions of this section [amending this section] shall become effective January 1, 1986."

Pub. L. 99–198, title VIII, §801, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1441, provided that the amendment made by section 801 is effective only for the 1986 through 1990 crops of soybeans.

Pub. L. 99–198, title IX, §901, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1443, provided that the amendment made by section 901 is effective only for the 1986 through 1990 crops of sugar beets and sugarcane.

Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1008, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1452, provided that the amendment made by section 1008 is effective only for the 1985 through 1990 crops of peanuts, soybeans, sugar beets, and sugarcane.

Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1041, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1464, provided that the amendment made by section 1041 is effective only for the 1986 through 1990 crops of honey.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–253, title I, §101(1), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 763, provided that the amendment made by section 101(1) is effective Oct. 1, 1982.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1981 Amendments

Pub. L. 97–98, title VIII, §801, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1256, provided that the amendment made by section 801 is effective only for the 1982 through 1985 crop of soybeans.

Pub. L. 97–98, title IX, §901, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1257, provided that the amendment made by section 901 is effective only for the 1982 through 1985 crop of sugar beets and sugarcane.

Amendment by section 103 of Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §150, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 369, provided that the amendment made by section 150 is effective Oct. 1, 1981.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–494 effective Dec. 3, 1980, see section 213 of Pub. L. 96–494, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4001 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title IX, §901, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 949, provided that the amendment made by section 901 is effective only with respect to the 1978 through 1981 crops of soybeans.

Pub. L. 95–113, title IX, §902, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 949, provided that the amendment made by section 902 is effective only with respect to the 1977 and 1978 crops of sugar beets and sugar cane.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–113 effective Oct. 1, 1977, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1307 of this title.

Effective Date of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–86, §1(3)(B), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 222, provided that the amendment made by section 1(3)(B) is effective Apr. 1, 1974.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1361, in introductory provisions, provided that the amendment made by section 202 is effective only with respect to the period beginning Apr. 1, 1971, and ending Mar. 31, 1974. Pub. L. 93–86, §1(3)(A), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 222, struck out such introductory provisions.

Effective Date of 1954 Amendment

Act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title VII, §709, 68 Stat. 912, which provided that the amendment made by section 709 was effective Apr. 1, 1955, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–130, §3(a), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1369, eff. Dec. 31, 1995.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(8) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(8) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(8) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(H) of this title.

Application of 1990 Amendments

Pub. L. 101–624, title I, §107, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3380, provided that: "The amendments made by this title [enacting section 1446e of this title, amending sections 608c, 1446a, and 4553 of this title and section 713a–14 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 608c and 1731 of this title] shall not affect any liability of any person under section 201 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1446) as in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990]."

Modification of Milk Production Termination Program

Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §128, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1846, provided that if, with respect to any natural disaster occurring during period beginning on Oct. 1, 1990, and ending on Feb. 1, 1991, the Secretary of Agriculture determines that natural disaster renders unusable land or milk production facilities of producers on a farm, the Secretary shall allow the producers to transfer the production unit (including dairy animals and equipment) to farm idled under milk production termination program established under subsec. (d)(3) of this section, without penalty, if the producers on the farm agree to comply with all terms and conditions of program contract for remainder of contract period.

Triggered Marketing Loans and Export Enhancement

Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4301, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1395, directed President, if, before Jan. 1, 1990, law had not been enacted in accordance with 19 U.S.C. 2191 implementing agreement negotiated under Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations conducted under General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade concerning agricultural trade, to submit, not later than 45 days after such date, report to Congress describing status of GATT negotiations concerning agricultural trade, and to certify to Congress whether significant progress had been made in negotiations, and provided authority for a marketing loan program if President did not so certify, and authority for an export enhancement program, if President waived or discontinued marketing loan program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §263(b), (c), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 974, effective beginning with 1996 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice.

Price Support Programs for Sunflower Seeds and Cottonseed

Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4302, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1397, directed Secretary to support price of 1990 crop of sunflower seeds and cottonseed if producers were permitted to repay loans for 1990 crop of soybeans under subsec. (i) of this section at level that was less than full amount of loan pursuant to section 4301 of Pub. L. 100–418 (formerly set out as a note above), and provided that, if marketing loan program for 1990 crop of soybeans was discontinued under section 4301(b)(3) of Pub. L. 100–418, Secretary was to discontinue such price support programs for sunflower seeds and cottonseed.

Temporary Increase in Price Support for Milk; Implementation

Pub. L. 101–7, §1, Mar. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 9, provided for allocation of price support increases and decreases between non-fat dry milk and butter with respect to purchases of butter and non-fat dry milk made under subsec. (d) of this section, in carrying out temporary $0.50 per hundredweight increase in rate of price support for milk provided for in section 102(b) of Pub. L. 100–387 (formerly set out below) and in implementing $0.50 per hundredweight decrease in rate of price support for milk scheduled to occur on July 1, 1989, as provided in such section 102(b).

Pub. L. 100–387, title I, §102(b), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 932, provided that notwithstanding subsec. (d)(1) of this section, the rate of price support for milk in effect under such subsec. immediately before Apr. 1, 1989, shall be increased by 50 cents throughout the period beginning on Apr. 1, 1989, and ending on June 30, 1989.

Report to Committees of Congress

Pub. L. 100–387, title III, §301(a)(2), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 946, directed Secretary of Agriculture, not earlier than Feb. 1, 1989, and not later than Mar. 1, 1989, with respect to 1989 crop of soybeans, and not later than Sept. 1, 1989, with respect to 1990 crop of soybeans, to submit to Congress statement setting forth reasons for implementing or not implementing soybean marketing loan program authorized under subsec. (i)(3) of this section.

Sense of Congress

Pub. L. 100–45, §15(b), May 27, 1987, 101 Stat. 326, stated sense of Congress that, if producers were permitted to repay loans for a crop of soybeans under subsec. (i) of this section at a level that is less than the full amount of the loan, the Secretary should make loans and purchases available for such crop of sunflowers in accordance with subsec. (l)(1) of this section and permit producers to repay such loans in accordance with subsec. (l)(2) of this section.

Application of Support Price for Milk

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §103, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1366, provided that for purposes of supporting price of milk under subsec. (d) of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture was not to take into consideration any market value of whey.

Avoidance of Adverse Effect of Milk Production Termination Program on Beef, Pork, and Lamb Producers

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §104, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1366, directed Secretary of Agriculture, in order to minimize adverse effect of milk production termination program on beef, pork, and lamb producers during 18-month period for which such program was in effect under subsec. (d) of this section, to use funds available under specific programs of Department of Agriculture to purchase and distribute quantities of red meat in addition to those quantities normally purchased and distributed by Secretary, directed Secretary of Defense and other Federal agencies to use increased quantities of red meat to meet food needs of programs they administered, encouraged State agencies to cooperate in such effort, and directed Secretary of Agriculture to encourage consumption of red meat by the public.

Circumvention of Historical Distribution of Milk

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §107, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1367, directed Secretary of Agriculture to monitor Commodity Credit Corporation purchases of milk products during 1986 and 1987 and report to Congress, on a quarterly basis, on disruptions of, or attempts by handlers or cooperative marketing associations to circumvent, historical distribution of milk among processors during the milk production termination program.

Application of 1985 Amendments

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §108, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1367, provided that: "The amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle A (§§101–108) of title I of Pub. L. 99–198, enacting section 1446c–2 of this title, amending this section, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall not affect any liability of any person under section 201 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1446) as in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985]."

National Commission on Dairy Policy

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, subtitle D (§§141–146), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1374, as amended by Pub. L. 100–28, §1, Apr. 24, 1987, 101 Stat. 291, established a National Commission on Dairy Policy to study and make recommendations concerning future operation of the Federal program established to support price of milk marketed by producers in the United States, directed Commission to submit to Secretary of Agriculture and Congress, not later than Mar. 31, 1988, a report containing results of its study and its recommendations, and provided for termination of Commission 30 days after submitting its report.

Applicability of Subsection (d)(2), (3) to 48 Contiguous States, December 1983, Through May 1984

Pub. L. 98–213, §14, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1462, provided that effective with respect to milk marketed for commercial use during period beginning on Dec. 1, 1983 and ending on May 31, 1984, subsec. (d)(2) and (3) of this section was to apply only to milk produced in the forty-eight contiguous States.

Implementation of Subsection (d) Without Regard to Public Participation in Rulemaking

Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §102, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1366, provided that 5 U.S.C. 553 was not to apply with respect to implementation of subsec. (d) of this section by the Secretary of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §102(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1135, directed Secretary of Agriculture to implement provisions of subsec. (d) of this section, as amended by section 102(a) of Pub. L. 98–180, without regard to the provisions requiring notice and other procedures for public participation in rulemaking contained in 5 U.S.C. 553.

Avoidance of Adverse Impact of Dairy Diversion Program on Beef and Pork Producers

Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §103, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1135, provided that in order to minimize adverse impact of the dairy diversion program on beef and pork producers, Secretary of Agriculture was to use funds available for purposes of 7 U.S.C. 612c(2) and other funds available under commodity distribution and other nutrition programs of Department of Agriculture to increase use of beef and pork for such purposes, Secretary of Defense and other Federal and State agencies were encouraged to use increased quantities of beef and pork to meet food needs of programs which they administered, and Secretary of Agriculture was to take appropriate action to encourage consumption of beef and pork by members of public.

Price Support of Milk for Period Beginning October 1, 1981, and Ending No Later Than December 31, 1981

Pub. L. 97–67, §1, Oct. 20, 1981, 95 Stat. 1039, as amended by Pub. L. 97–77, §2(a), Nov. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 1069, provided that notwithstanding provisions of subsec. (c) of this section, the price of milk was to be supported at the level of $13.10 per hundredweight for milk containing 3.67 per centum butterfat for the period beginning Oct. 1, 1981, and ending Dec. 22, 1981.

Continuation of Special Milk Program for Children

Pub. L. 85–478, July 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 276, as amended by Pub. L. 86–10, Apr. 3, 1959, 73 Stat. 15; Pub. L. 86–163, Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 86–446, §§1, 2, Apr. 29, 1960, 74 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 87–67, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 147; Pub. L. 87–128, title IV, §402, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 319, authorized, for the fiscal years 1960–1962, the use of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to increase the consumption of fluid milk by children (1) in nonprofit schools of high-school grade and under; and (2) in nonprofit nursery schools, child-care centers, settlement houses, summer camps, and similar nonprofit institutions devoted to the care and training of children. Appropriations were further authorized for fiscal years 1963–1967 for the same purposes.

Study of Production Control and Price Supports; Report to Congress

Act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title II, §204(f), 68 Stat. 901, directed Secretary of Agriculture to make a study of various methods of production control and of various methods of price support which could be made applicable to milk and butterfat and their products, including programs to be operated and financed by dairymen; and to submit to Congress on or before the 3d day of January, 1955, a detailed report thereof showing among other things the probable costs and effects of each type of operation studied and the legislation, if any, needed to put it into effect.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "(G)".
7 U.S.C. § 1736cc (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736cc: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, §1577, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, §1577, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–220, §13, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1884, prohibited duty drawback claims by exporters who used certain export promotion programs.
7 U.S.C. § 7626 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7626: Integrated research, education, and extension competitive grants program
Integrated research, education, and extension competitive grants program
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

It is the purpose of this section to authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to establish an integrated research, education, and extension competitive grant program to provide funding for integrated, multifunctional agricultural research, extension, and education activities.

(b) Competitive grants authorized

Subject to the availability of appropriations to carry out this section, the Secretary may award grants to colleges and universities (as defined in section 3103 of this title), 1994 Institutions, and Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities on a competitive basis for integrated agricultural research, education, and extension projects in accordance with this section.

(c) Criteria for grants

Grants under this section shall be awarded to address priorities in United States agriculture, determined by the Secretary in consultation with the Advisory Board, that involve integrated research, extension, and education activities.

(d) Matching funds requirement

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (3), with respect to a grant under this section that provides a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, the recipient of the grant shall provide non-Federal matching funds (including funds from an agricultural commodity promotion, research, and information program) equal to not less than the amount of the grant.

(2) In-kind support

Non-Federal matching funds described in paragraph (1) may include in-kind support.

(3) Waiver

The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement under paragraph (1) with respect to a grant if the Secretary determines that—

(A) the results of the grant are of a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, but those results are likely to be applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or

(B)(i) the grant—

(I) involves a minor commodity; and

(II) deals with scientifically important research; and

(ii) the recipient is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement.

(e) Term of grant

A grant under this section shall have a term of not more than 5 years.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1999 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §406, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7125, 7206, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434, 439; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§7129(c)(4), 7306, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1227, 1242; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §§7129(c)(4), 7306, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1988, 2004; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §§7128(b)(3)(A), 7302, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 879, 887; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §§7302, 7614(b)(3)(A), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4815, 4835.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(3)(A)(ii), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(3)(A)(i), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 115–334, §7302, substituted "2023" for "2018".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b)(3)(A)(i), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

2014—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §7128(b)(3)(A), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to matching funds requirement.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79, §7302, substituted "2018" for "2012".

Pub. L. 113–79, §7128(b)(3)(A)(ii), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–79, §7128(b)(3)(A)(ii), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7129(c)(4), substituted ", 1994 Institutions, and Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities" for "and 1994 Institutions".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–246, §7306, substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–171, §7206, inserted "and 1994 Institutions" before "on a competitive basis".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171, §7125(1), (2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–171, §7125(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted "2007" for "2002".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by section 7614(b)(3)(A) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2003 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2003: Target participation rates
Target participation rates
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

The Secretary shall establish annual target participation rates, on a county wide basis, that shall ensure that members of socially disadvantaged groups will receive loans made or insured under subchapter I and will have the opportunity to purchase or lease inventory farmland.

(2) Group population

Except as provided in paragraph (3), in establishing such target rates the Secretary shall take into consideration the portion of the population of the county made up of such groups, and the availability of inventory farmland in such county.

(3) Gender

With respect to gender, target participation rates shall take into consideration the number of current and potential socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in a State in proportion to the total number of farmers and ranchers in the State.

(b) Reservation and allocation

(1) Reservation

The Secretary shall, to the greatest extent practicable, reserve sufficient loan funds made available under subchapter I, for use by members of socially disadvantaged groups identified under target participation rates established under subsection (a).

(2) Allocation

The Secretary shall allocate such loans on the basis of the proportion of members of socially disadvantaged groups in a county and the availability of inventory farmland, with the greatest amount of loan funds being distributed in the county with the greatest proportion of socially disadvantaged group members and the greatest amount of available inventory farmland.

(3) Indian reservations

In distributing loan funds in counties within the boundaries of an Indian reservation, the Secretary shall allocate the funds on a reservation-wide basis.

(c) Operating loans

(1) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish annual target participation rates, that shall ensure that socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers will receive loans made or insured under subchapter II. In establishing such target rates, the Secretary shall consider the number of socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in a State in proportion to the total number of farmers and ranchers in that State.

(2) Reservation and allocation

The Secretary shall, to the greatest extent practicable, reserve and allocate the proportion of each State's loan funds made available under subchapter II that is equal to that State's target participation rate for use by the socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers in that State. The Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, distribute the total so derived on a county by county basis according to the number of socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers in the county. Any funds reserved and allocated under this paragraph but not used within a State shall, to the extent necessary to satisfy pending applications under this chapter, be available for use by socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in other States, as determined by the Secretary, and any remaining funds shall be reallocated within the State.

(d) Report

The Secretary shall prepare and submit, to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report that describes the annual target participation rates and the success in meeting such rates.

(e) Definitions

(1) Socially disadvantaged group

As used in this section, the term "socially disadvantaged group" means a group whose members have been subjected to racial, ethnic, or gender prejudice because of their identity as members of a group without regard to their individual qualities.

(2) Socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher

As used in this section, the term "socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher" means a farmer or rancher who is a member of a socially disadvantaged group.

(f) Implementation consistent with Supreme Court holding

Not later than 180 days after April 4, 1996, the Secretary shall ensure that the implementation of this section is consistent with the holding of the Supreme Court in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Federico Pena, Secretary of Transportation, 115 S. Ct. 2097 (1995).

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §355, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title VI, §617, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1682; amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, §1817, title XXV, §2501(f), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3829, 4065; Pub. L. 102–554, §21(a), (b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4161; Pub. L. 104–127, title VI, §647, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5315, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 348.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of "this chapter", referred to in subsecs. (c)(2), see note set out under section 1921 of this title.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "Any funds reserved and allocated under this paragraph but not used within a State shall, to the extent necessary to satisfy pending applications under this chapter, be available for use by socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in other States, as determined by the Secretary, and any remaining funds shall be reallocated within the State." for "Any funds reserved and allocated for purposes of this paragraph, but not used shall be reallocated within such State."

1996—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–127 added subsec. (f).

1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–554, §21(a)(1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (3), in establishing" for "In establishing".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–554, §21(a)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 102–554, §21(b), substituted ", ethnic, or gender" for "or ethnic".

1990—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–624, §1817, added par. (3).

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 101–624, §2501(f)(1)–(3), added subsec. (c), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d), and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: "As used in this section, the term 'socially disadvantaged group' means a group whose members have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice because of their identity as members of a group without regard to their individual qualities."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–624, §2501(f)(4), added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which the report required by subsec. (d) of this section is listed on page 44), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
7 U.S.C. § 12a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 12a: Registration of commodity dealers and associated persons; regulation of registered entities
Registration of commodity dealers and associated persons; regulation of registered entities
Status: in_force

The Commission is authorized—

(1) to register futures commission merchants, associated persons of futures commission merchants, introducing brokers, associated persons of introducing brokers, commodity trading advisors, associated persons of commodity trading advisors, commodity pool operators, associated persons of commodity pool operators, floor brokers, and floor traders upon application in accordance with rules and regulations and in the form and manner to be prescribed by the Commission, which may require the applicant, and such persons associated with the applicant as the Commission may specify, to be fingerprinted and to submit, or cause to be submitted, such fingerprints to the Attorney General for identification and appropriate processing, and in connection therewith to fix and establish from time to time reasonable fees and charges for registrations and renewals thereof: Provided, That notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, the Commission may grant a temporary license to any applicant for registration with the Commission pursuant to such rules, regulations, or orders as the Commission may adopt, except that the term of any such temporary license shall not exceed six months from the date of its issuance;

(2) upon notice, but without a hearing and pursuant to such rules, regulations, or orders as the Commission may adopt, to refuse to register, to register conditionally, or to suspend or place restrictions upon the registration of, any person and with such a hearing as may be appropriate to revoke the registration of any person—

(A) if a prior registration of such person in any capacity has been suspended (and the period of such suspension has not expired) or has been revoked;

(B) if registration of such person in any capacity has been refused under the provisions of paragraph (3) of this section within five years preceding the filing of the application for registration or at any time thereafter;

(C) if such person is permanently or temporarily enjoined by order, judgment, or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction (except that registration may not be revoked solely on the basis of such temporary order, judgment, or decree), including an order entered pursuant to an agreement of settlement to which the Commission or any Federal or State agency or other governmental body is a party, from (i) acting as a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, floor broker, floor trader, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, associated person of any registrant under this chapter, securities broker, securities dealer, municipal securities broker, municipal securities dealer, transfer agent, clearing agency, securities information processor, investment adviser, investment company, or affiliated person or employee of any of the foregoing or (ii) engaging in or continuing any activity where such activity involves embezzlement, theft, extortion, fraud, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds, securities or property, forgery, counterfeiting, false pretenses, bribery, gambling, or any transaction in or advice concerning contracts of sale of a commodity for future delivery, concerning matters subject to Commission regulation under section 6c or 23 of this title, or concerning securities;

(D) if such person has been convicted within ten years preceding the filing of the application for registration or at any time thereafter of any felony that (i) involves any transactions or advice concerning any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery, or any activity subject to Commission regulation under section 6c or 23 of this title, or concerning a security, (ii) arises out of the conduct of the business of a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, floor broker, floor trader, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, associated person of any registrant under this chapter, securities broker, securities dealer, municipal securities broker, municipal securities dealer, transfer agent, clearing agency, securities information processor, investment adviser, investment company, or an affiliated person or employee of any of the foregoing, (iii) involves embezzlement, theft, extortion, fraud, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds, securities or property, forgery, counterfeiting, false pretenses, bribery, or gambling, or (iv) involves the violation of section 152, 1001, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1503, 1623, 1961, 1962, 1963, or 2314, or chapter 25, 47, 95, or 96 of title 18, or section 7201 or 7206 of title 26;

(E) if such person, within ten years preceding the filing of the application or at any time thereafter, has been found in a proceeding brought by the Commission or any Federal or State agency or other governmental body, or by agreement of settlement to which the Commission or any Federal or State agency or other governmental body is a party, (i) to have violated any provision of this chapter, the Securities Act of 1933 [15 U.S.C. 77a et seq.], the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.], the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935,1 the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 [15 U.S.C. 77aaa et seq.], the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80b–1 et seq.], the Investment Company Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80a–1 et seq.], the Securities Investors 2 Protection Act of 1970 [15 U.S.C. 78aaa et seq.], the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, chapter 96 of title 18, or any similar statute of a State or foreign jurisdiction, or any rule, regulation, or order under any such statutes, or the rules of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board where such violation involves embezzlement, theft, extortion, fraud, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds, securities or property, forgery, counterfeiting, false pretenses, bribery, or gambling, or (ii) to have willfully aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, or procured such violation by any other person;

(F) if such person is subject to an outstanding order of the Commission denying privileges on any registered entity to such person, denying, suspending, or revoking such person's membership in any registered entity or registered futures association, or barring or suspending such person from being associated with a registrant under this chapter or with a member of a registered entity or with a member of a registered futures association;

(G) if, as to any of the matters set forth in this paragraph and paragraph (3), such person willfully made any materially false or misleading statement or omitted to state any material fact in such person's application or any update thereto; or

(H) if refusal, suspension, or revocation of the registration of any principal of such person would be warranted because of a statutory disqualification listed in this paragraph:

Provided, That such person may appeal from a decision to refuse registration, condition registration, suspend, revoke or to place restrictions upon registration made pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph in the manner provided in section 9 of this title; and

Provided, further, That for the purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this section, "principal" shall mean, if the person is a partnership, any general partner or, if the person is a corporation, any officer, director, or beneficial owner of at least 10 per centum of the voting shares of the corporation, and any other person that the Commission by rule, regulation, or order determines has the power, directly or indirectly, through agreement or otherwise, to exercise a controlling influence over the activities of such person which are subject to regulation by the Commission;

(3) to refuse to register or to register conditionally any person, if it is found, after opportunity for hearing, that—

(A) such person has been found by the Commission or by any court of competent jurisdiction to have violated, or has consented to findings of a violation of, any provision of this chapter, or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder (other than a violation set forth in paragraph (2) of this section), or to have willfully aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, or procured the violation by any other person of any such provision;

(B) such person has been found by any court of competent jurisdiction or by any Federal or State agency or other governmental body, or by agreement of settlement to which any Federal or State agency or other governmental body is a party, (i) to have violated any provision of the Securities Act of 1933 [15 U.S.C. 77a et seq.], the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.], the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935,1 the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 [15 U.S.C. 77aaa et seq.], the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80b–1 et seq.], the Investment Company Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80a–1 et seq.], the Securities Investors 2 Protection Act of 1970 [15 U.S.C. 78aaa et seq.], the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or any similar statute of a State or foreign jurisdiction, or any rule, regulation, or order under any such statutes, or the rules of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board or (ii) to have willfully aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, or procured such violation by any other person;

(C) such person failed reasonably to supervise another person, who is subject to such person's supervision, with a view to preventing violations of this chapter, or of any of the statutes set forth in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, or of any of the rules, regulations, or orders thereunder, and the person subject to supervision committed such a violation: Provided, That no person shall be deemed to have failed reasonably to supervise another person, within the meaning of this subparagraph if (i) there have been established procedures, and a system for applying such procedures, which would reasonably be expected to prevent and detect, insofar as practicable, any such violation by such other person and (ii) such person has reasonably discharged the duties and obligations incumbent upon that person, as supervisor, by reason of such procedures and system, without reasonable cause to believe that such procedures and system were not being complied with;

(D) such person pleaded guilty to or was convicted of a felony other than a felony of the type specified in paragraph (2)(D) of this section, or was convicted of a felony of the type specified in paragraph (2)(D) of this section more than ten years preceding the filing of the application;

(E) such person pleaded guilty to or was convicted of any misdemeanor which (i) involves any transaction or advice concerning any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery or any activity subject to Commission regulation under section 6c or 23 of this title or concerning a security, (ii) arises out of the conduct of the business of a futures commission merchant, introducing broker, floor broker, floor trader, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, associated person of any registrant under this chapter, securities broker, securities dealer, municipal securities broker, municipal securities dealer, transfer agent, clearing agency, securities information processor, investment adviser, investment company, or an affiliated person or employee of any of the foregoing, (iii) involves embezzlement, theft, extortion, fraud, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds, securities or property, forgery, counterfeiting, false pretenses, bribery, or gambling, (iv) involves the violation of section 152, 1341, 1342, or 1343 or chapter 25, 47, 95, or 96 of title 18, or section 7203, 7204, 7205, or 7207 of title 26;

(F) such person was debarred by any agency of the United States from contracting with the United States;

(G) such person willfully made any materially false or misleading statement or willfully omitted to state any material fact in such person's application or any update thereto, in any report required to be filed with the Commission by this chapter or the regulations thereunder, in any proceeding before the Commission or in any registration disqualification proceeding;

(H) such person has pleaded nolo contendere to criminal charges of felonious conduct, or has been convicted in a State court, in a United States military court, or in a foreign court of conduct which would constitute a felony under Federal law if the offense had been committed under Federal jurisdiction;

(I) in the case of an applicant for registration in any capacity for which there are minimum financial requirements prescribed under this chapter or under the rules or regulations of the Commission, such person has not established that such person meets such minimum financial requirements;

(J) such person is subject to an outstanding order denying, suspending, or expelling such person from membership in a registered entity, a registered futures association, any other self-regulatory organization, or any foreign regulatory body that the Commission recognizes as having a comparable regulatory program or barring or suspending such person from being associated with any member or members of such registered entity, association, self-regulatory organization, or foreign regulatory body;

(K) such person has been found by any court of competent jurisdiction or by any Federal or State agency or other governmental body, or by agreement of settlement to which any Federal or State agency or other governmental body is a party, (i) to have violated any statute or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder which involves embezzlement, theft, extortion, fraud, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds, securities or property, forgery, counterfeiting, false pretenses, bribery, or gambling or (ii) to have willfully aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced or procured such violation by any other person;

(L) such person has associated with such person any other person and knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, of facts regarding such other person that are set forth as statutory disqualifications in paragraph (2) of this section, unless such person has notified the Commission of such facts and the Commission has determined that such other person should be registered or temporarily licensed;

(M) there is other good cause; or

(N) any principal, as defined in paragraph (2) of this section, of such person has been or could be refused registration:

Provided, That pending final determination under this paragraph, registration shall not be granted: Provided further, That such person may appeal from a decision to refuse registration or to condition registration made pursuant to this paragraph in the manner provided in section 9 of this title;

(4) in accordance with the procedure provided for in section 9 of this title, to suspend, revoke, or place restrictions upon the registration of any person registered under this chapter if cause exists under paragraph (3) of this section which would warrant a refusal of registration of such person, and to suspend or revoke the registration of any futures commission merchant or introducing broker who shall knowingly accept any order for the purchase or sale of any commodity for future delivery on or subject to the rules of any registered entity from any person if such person has been denied trading privileges on any registered entity by order of the Commission under section 9 of this title and the period of denial specified in such order shall not have expired: Provided, That such person may appeal from a decision to suspend, revoke, or place restrictions upon registration made pursuant to this paragraph in the manner provided in section 9 of this title;

(5) to make and promulgate such rules and regulations as, in the judgment of the Commission, are reasonably necessary to effectuate any of the provisions or to accomplish any of the purposes of this chapter;

(6) to communicate to the proper committee or officer of any registered entity, registered futures association, or self-regulatory organization as defined in section 3(a)(26) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26)], notwithstanding the provisions of section 12 of this title, the full facts concerning any transaction or market operation, including the names of parties thereto, which in the judgment of the Commission disrupts or tends to disrupt any market or is otherwise harmful or against the best interests of producers, consumers, or investors, or which is necessary or appropriate to effectuate the purposes of this chapter: Provided, That any information furnished by the Commission under this paragraph shall not be disclosed by such registered entity, registered futures association, or self-regulatory organization except in any self-regulatory action or proceeding;

(7) to alter or supplement the rules of a registered entity insofar as necessary or appropriate by rule or regulation or by order, if after making the appropriate request in writing to a registered entity that such registered entity effect on its own behalf specified changes in its rules and practices, and after appropriate notice and opportunity for hearing, the Commission determines that such registered entity has not made the changes so required, and that such changes are necessary or appropriate for the protection of persons producing, handling, processing, or consuming any commodity traded for future delivery on such registered entity, or the product or byproduct thereof, or for the protection of traders or to insure fair dealing in commodities traded for future delivery on such registered entity. Such rules, regulations, or orders may specify changes with respect to such matters as—

(A) terms or conditions in contracts of sale to be executed on or subject to the rules of such registered entity;

(B) the form or manner of execution of purchases and sales for future delivery;

(C) other trading requirements;

(D) margin requirements, provided that the rules, regulations, or orders shall—

(i) be limited to protecting the financial integrity of the derivatives clearing organization;

(ii) be designed for risk management purposes to protect the financial integrity of transactions; and

(iii) not set specific margin amounts;

(E) safeguards with respect to the financial responsibility of members;

(F) the manner, method, and place of soliciting business, including the content of such solicitations; and

(G) the form and manner of handling, recording, and accounting for customers' orders, transactions, and accounts;

(8) to make and promulgate such rules and regulations with respect to those persons registered under this chapter, who are not members of a registered entity, as in the judgment of the Commission are reasonably necessary to protect the public interest and promote just and equitable principles of trade, including but not limited to the manner, method, and place of soliciting business, including the content of such solicitation;

(9) to direct the registered entity, whenever it has reason to believe that an emergency exists, to take such action as in the Commission's judgment is necessary to maintain or restore orderly trading in or liquidation of any futures contract, including, but not limited to, the setting of temporary emergency margin levels on any futures contract, and the fixing of limits that may apply to a market position acquired in good faith prior to the effective date of the Commission's action. The term "emergency" as used herein shall mean, in addition to threatened or actual market manipulations and corners, any act of the United States or a foreign government affecting a commodity or any other major market disturbance which prevents the market from accurately reflecting the forces of supply and demand for such commodity. Any action taken by the Commission under this paragraph shall be subject to review only in the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit in which the party seeking review resides or has its principal place of business, or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Such review shall be based upon an examination of all the information before the Commission at the time the determination was made. The court reviewing the Commission's action shall not enter a stay or order of mandamus unless it has determined, after notice and hearing before a panel of the court, that the agency action complained of was arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law. Nothing herein shall be deemed to limit the meaning or interpretation given by a registered entity to the terms "market emergency", "emergency", or equivalent language in its own bylaws, rules, regulations, or resolutions;

(10) to authorize any person to perform any portion of the registration functions under this chapter, in accordance with rules, notwithstanding any other provision of law, adopted by such person and submitted to the Commission for approval or, if applicable, for review pursuant to section 21(j) of this title, and subject to the provisions of this chapter applicable to registrations granted by the Commission; and

(11)(A) by written notice served on the person and pursuant to such rules, regulations, and orders as the Commission may adopt, to suspend or modify the registration of any person registered under this chapter who is charged (in any information, indictment, or complaint authorized by a United States attorney or an appropriate official of any State) with the commission of or participation in a crime involving a violation of this chapter, or a violation of any other provision of Federal or State law that would reflect on the honesty or the fitness of the person to act as a fiduciary (including an offense specified in subparagraph (D) or (E) of paragraph (2)) that is punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, if the Commission determines that continued registration of the person may pose a threat to the public interest or may threaten to impair public confidence in any market regulated by the Commission.

(B) Prior to the suspension or modification of the registration of a person under this paragraph, the person shall be afforded an opportunity for a hearing at which the Commission shall have the burden of showing that the continued registration of the person does, or is likely to, pose a threat to the public interest or threaten to impair public confidence in any market regulated by the Commission.

(C) Any notice of suspension or modification issued under this paragraph shall remain in effect until such information, indictment, or complaint is disposed of or until terminated by the Commission.

(D) On disposition of such information, indictment, or complaint, the Commission may issue and serve on such person an order pursuant to paragraph (2) or (4) to suspend, restrict, or revoke the registration of such person.

(E) A finding of not guilty or other disposition of the charge shall not preclude the Commission from thereafter instituting any other proceedings under this chapter.

(F) A person aggrieved by an order issued under this paragraph may obtain review of such order in the same manner and on the same terms and conditions as are provided in section 8(b) of this title.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §8a, as added June 15, 1936, ch. 545, §10, 49 Stat. 1500; amended Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 574, 69 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 90–258, §§20–23, Feb. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 32, 33; Pub. L. 93–463, title I, §103(a), title II, §§204(c), 205(c), 213–215, Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1392, 1397, 1400, 1404; Pub. L. 95–405, §17, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 874; Pub. L. 97–444, title I, §104, title II, §§223–225, Jan. 11, 1983, 96 Stat. 2297, 2310–2315; Pub. L. 102–546, title II, §§207(b)(3), (4), 208, 209(b)(6), 227, title IV, §402(10), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3604, 3607, 3618, 3625; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §123(a)(19)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–410; Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, §736, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1722.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Securities Act of 1933, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is title I of act May 27, 1933, ch. 38, 48 Stat. 74, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§77a et seq.) of chapter 2A of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 77a of Title 15 and Tables.

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is act June 6, 1934, ch. 404, 48 Stat. 881, which is classified principally to chapter 2B (§78a et seq.) of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 78a of Title 15 and Tables.

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is title I of act Aug. 26, 1935, ch. 687, 49 Stat. 803, which was classified generally to chapter 2C (§79 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–58, title XII, §1263, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 974. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Trust Indenture Act of 1939, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is title III of act May 27, 1933, ch. 38, as added Aug. 3, 1939, ch. 411, 53 Stat. 1149, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§77aaa et seq.) of chapter 2A of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 77aaa of Title 15 and Tables.

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is title II of act Aug. 22, 1940, ch. 686, 54 Stat. 847, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§80b–1 et seq.) of chapter 2D of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 80b–20 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Investment Company Act of 1940, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is title I of act Aug. 22, 1940, ch. 686, 54 Stat. 789, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§80a–1 et seq.) of chapter 2D of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 80a–51 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is Pub. L. 91–598, Dec. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1636, which is classified generally to chapter 2B–1 (§78aaa et seq.) of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 78aaa of Title 15 and Tables.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, referred to in pars. (2)(E) and (3)(B), is title I of Pub. L. 95–213, Dec. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1494, which enacted sections 78dd–1 to 78dd–3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amended sections 78m and 78ff of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 78a of Title 15 and Tables.

Amendments

2010—Par. (7)(C). Pub. L. 111–203, §736(1), struck out ", excepting the setting of levels of margin" after "requirements".

Par. (7)(D) to (G). Pub. L. 111–203, §736(2), (3), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpars. (D) to (F) as (E) to (G), respectively.

2000—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §123(a)(19)(A)], substituted "registered entity" for "contract market" wherever appearing.

Par. (2)(F). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §123(a)(19)(B)], substituted "privileges" for "trading privileges".

1992—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–546, §207(b)(3), substituted "floor brokers, and floor traders" for "and floor brokers".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–546, §209(b)(6)(A), made technical amendment to reference to sections 9 and 15 of this title in concluding provisions to reflect change in reference to corresponding section of original act.

Par. (2)(C)(i). Pub. L. 102–546, §207(b)(4), inserted "floor trader," after "floor broker,".

Par. (2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(a), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "engaging in or continuing any activity involving any transaction in or advice concerning contracts of sale of a commodity for future delivery, concerning matters subject to Commission regulation under section 6c or 23 of this title, or concerning securities".

Par. (2)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 102–546, §207(b)(4), inserted "floor trader," after "floor broker,".

Par. (2)(D)(iv). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(b), inserted references to sections 1001, 1503, 1623, 1961 to 1963, and 2314 of title 18 and sections 7201 and 7206 of title 26.

Par. (2)(E). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(c), substituted "in a proceeding brought" for "by any court of competent jurisdiction," and in cl. (i) inserted reference to chapter 96 of title 18.

Par. (2)(G). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(d), substituted "this paragraph and paragraph (3)" for "subparagraphs (A) through (F) of this paragraph", "materially false" for "material false", and "application or any update thereto" for "application".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 102–546, §209(b)(6)(B), made technical amendment to reference to sections 9 and 15 of this title in concluding provisions to reflect change in reference to corresponding section of original act.

Par. (3)(D). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(e), inserted "pleaded guilty to or" after "person", substituted "section," for "section within ten years preceding the filing of the application or at any time thereafter," and "felony of the type specified in paragraph (2)(D) of this section more" for "felony, including a felony of the type specified in paragraph (2)(D) of this section, more".

Par. (3)(E). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(f)(1), (2), inserted "pleaded guilty to or" after "person" and struck out "within ten years preceding the filing of the application for registration or at any time thereafter" before "of any misdemeanor".

Par. (3)(E)(ii). Pub. L. 102–546, §207(b)(4), inserted "floor trader," after "floor broker,".

Par. (3)(E)(iv). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(f)(3), inserted reference to sections 7203 to 7205 and 7207 of title 26.

Par. (3)(G). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(g)(5), which directed the insertion of "or in any registration disqualification proceeding" after "Commission", was executed by making the insertion after "Commission" the second time it appeared to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 102–546, §208(g)(1)–(4), substituted "materially false" for "material false", "application or any update thereto," for "application," and struck out "or" after "thereunder,".

Par. (3)(H). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(h), inserted ", in a United States military court," after "State court".

Par. (3)(J). Pub. L. 102–546, §208(i), struck out "or" before "any other self-regulatory", inserted "or any foreign regulatory body that the Commission recognizes as having a comparable regulatory program", and substituted "association, self-regulatory organization, or foreign regulatory body" for "association, or self-regulatory organization".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–546, §209(b)(6)(C), made technical amendment to references to sections 9 and 15 of this title in concluding provisions to reflect change in references to corresponding section of original act.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 102–546, §402(10)(A), struck out "and" at end.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 102–546, §402(10)(B), substituted "matters as—" for "matters as:" in introductory provisions.

Par. (11). Pub. L. 102–546, §227, added par. (11).

1983—Par. (1). Pub. L. 97–444, §223, substituted authorization for registration of "associated persons of futures commission merchants" for "and persons associated therewith as described in section 6k of this title"; authorized registration of introducing brokers, associated persons of introducing brokers, associated persons of commodity trading advisors and associated persons of commodity pool operators, substituted "such persons" for "any persons" before "associated with the applicant", and authorized establishment of registration and renewal fees and charges and granting of temporary licenses for terms not exceeding six months from date of issuance.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–444, §224(1), added par. (2) and struck out prior par. (2) which authorized Commission "to refuse to register any person—

"(A) if the prior registration of such person has been suspended (and the period of such suspension shall not have expired) or has been revoked;

"(B) if it is found, after opportunity for hearing, that the applicant is unfit to engage in the business for which the application for registration is made, (i) because such applicant, or, if the applicant is a partnership, any general partner, or, if the applicant is a corporation, any officer or holder of more than 10 per centum of the stock, at any time engaged in any practice of the character prohibited by this chapter or was convicted of a felony in any State or Federal court, or was debarred by any agency of the United States from contracting with the United States, or the applicant willfully made any material false or misleading statement in his application or willfully omitted to state any material fact in connection with the application, or (ii) for other good cause shown; or

"(C) in the case of an applicant for registration as futures commission merchant, if it is found after opportunity for hearing that the applicant has not established that he meets the minimum financial requirements under section 6f of this title: Provided, That pending final determination under subparagraph (B) or (C), registration shall not be granted: And provided further, That the applicant may appeal from the refusal of registration under subparagraph (B) or (C) in the manner provided in sections 9 and 15 of this title; and".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 97–444, §224(3), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 97–444, §224(2), (4), struck out par. (4) provision for establishment of registration and renewal fees and charges, covered in par. (1), redesignated par. (3) as (4), and in redesignated par. (4), authorized placing of restrictions on registrations, suspension or revocation of registration of an introducing broker and appeals from registration decisions made pursuant to this paragraph as provided in sections 9 and 15 of this title, and substituted "if cause exists under paragraph (3) of this section" for "if cause exists under paragraph (2)(B) or (C) of this section".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 97–444, §104, authorized communication of full facts respecting transactions or market operations to registered futures associations and self-regulatory organizations, included concern for investors, provided for communications when necessary or appropriate to effectuate purposes of this chapter, and prohibited disclosure of furnished information except in self-regulatory actions or proceedings.

Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 97–444, §224(5), struck out "and" at end of pars. (6), (7), and (8).

Par. (9). Pub. L. 97–444, §225, authorized Commission to direct the contract market to take certain action, including, but not limited to, setting of temporary emergency margin levels on any futures contract, and fixing of limits that may apply to a market position acquired in good faith prior to the effective date of Commission's action and inserted provisions respecting judicial review.

Par. (10). Pub. L. 97–444, §224(6), added par. (10).

1978—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–405, §17(1), inserted ", which may require the applicant, and any persons associated with the applicant as the Commission may specify, to be fingerprinted and to submit, or cause to be submitted, such fingerprints to the Attorney General for identification and appropriate processing" after "by the Commission".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 95–405, §17(2), struck out "and to publish" after "any contract market".

1974—Pub. L. 93–463, §103(a), substituted "Commission" for "Secretary of Agriculture" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Par. (1). Pub. L. 93–463, §§103(a), 204(c), 205(c), substituted "Commission" for "Secretary of Agriculture", inserted "and persons associated therewith as described in section 6k of this title," after "futures commission merchants", and inserted "commodity trading advisors, commodity pool operators" before "and floor brokers".

Pars. (3), (5), (6). Pub. L. 93–463, §103(a), substituted "Commission" for "Secretary of Agriculture".

Par. (7). Pub. L. 93–463, §213, amended par. (7) generally, substituting provisions covering the altering or supplementing of the rules of a contract market for provisions covering the disapproval of bylaws, rules, regulations, and resolutions made, issued, or proposed by a contract market.

Par. (8). Pub. L. 93–463, §214, added par. (8).

Par. (9). Pub. L. 93–463, §215, added par. (9).

1968—Par. (2). Pub. L. 90–258, §20, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "if the prior registration of such person" for "if such person has violated any of the provisions of this chapter or any of the rules or regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Agriculture hereunder for which the registration of such person" and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Par. (3). Pub. L. 90–258, §21, authorized Secretary of Agriculture, in accordance with procedure provided for in sections 9 and 15 of this title, to suspend or revoke the registration of any person registered under this chapter if cause exists under par. (2)(B) or (C) of this section which would warrant a refusal of registration of such person.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 90–258, §22, struck out authorization for establishment of fees for copies of registration certificates.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 90–258, §23, added par. (7).

1955—Par. (4). Act Aug. 5, 1955, authorized Secretary to fix and establish reasonable fees for registrations and renewals, and struck out provisions which set the fee for each registration and renewal at not more than $10.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 1a of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by section 207(b)(3), (4) of Pub. L. 102–546 effective 180 days after Oct. 28, 1992, with Commodity Futures Trading Commission to issue any regulations necessary to implement such amendment no later than 180 days after Oct. 28, 1992, see section 207(c) of Pub. L. 102–546, set out as a note under section 6e of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–444 effective Jan. 11, 1983, see section 239 of Pub. L. 97–444, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–405 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 28 of Pub. L. 95–405, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 93–463, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–258 effective 120 days after Feb. 19, 1968, see section 28 of Pub. L. 90–258, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 13 of act June 15, 1936, set out as an Effective Date of 1936 Amendment note under section 1 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "Investor".
7 U.S.C. § 9092 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 9092: Suspension of permanent price support authority
Suspension of permanent price support authority
Status: in_force

(a) Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938

The following provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.] shall not be applicable to the 2014 through 2023 crops of covered commodities (as defined in section 9011 of this title), cotton, and sugar and shall not be applicable to milk during the period beginning on February 7, 2014, through December 31, 2023:

(1) Parts II through V of subtitle B of title III (7 U.S.C. 1326 et seq.) [7 U.S.C. 1321 et seq., 1331 et seq., 1341 et seq., 1351].

(2) In the case of upland cotton, section 377 (7 U.S.C. 1377).

(3) Subtitle D of title III (7 U.S.C. 1379a et seq.).

(4) Title IV (7 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.).

(b) Agricultural Act of 1949

The following provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] shall not be applicable to the 2014 through 2023 crops of covered commodities (as defined in section 9011 of this title), cotton, and sugar and shall not be applicable to milk during the period beginning on February 7, 2014, and through December 31, 2023:

(1) Section 101 (7 U.S.C. 1441).

(2) Section 103(a) (7 U.S.C. 1444(a)).

(3) Section 105 (7 U.S.C. 1444b).

(4) Section 107 (7 U.S.C. 1445a).

(5) Section 110 (7 U.S.C. 1445e).

(6) Section 112 (7 U.S.C. 1445g).

(7) Section 115 (7 U.S.C. 1445k).

(8) Section 201 (7 U.S.C. 1446).

(9) Title III (7 U.S.C. 1447 et seq.).

(10) Title IV (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.), other than sections 404, 412, and 416 (7 U.S.C. 1424, 1429, and 1431).

(11) Title V (7 U.S.C. 1461 et seq.).

(12) Title VI (7 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.).

(c) Suspension of certain quota provisions

The joint resolution entitled "A joint resolution relating to corn and wheat marketing quotas under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended", approved May 26, 1941 (7 U.S.C. 1330 and 1340), shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1602, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1702, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4525.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§1281 et seq.) of this title. Parts II through V of subtitle B of title III of the Act are classified generally to subparts II (§1321 et seq.), III (§1331 et seq.), IV (§1341 et seq.), and V (§1351, which was omitted from the Code), respectively, of part B of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Subtitle D of title III of the Act is classified generally to part D (§1379a et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Title IV of the Act was classified generally to subchapter III (§1401 et seq.) of chapter 35 of this title, and was omitted from the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. Title III of the Act is classified generally to sections 1447 to 1449 of this title. Title IV of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§1421 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title. Title V of the Act, which was classified generally to subchapter IV (§1461 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title, was omitted from the Code. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

The joint resolution relating to corn and wheat marketing quotas under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (c), is act May 26, 1941, ch. 133, 55 Stat. 203, which enacted sections 1330 and 1340 of this title. Section 1330 was subsequently omitted from the Code.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Suspension of Permanent Price Support Authorities

Pub. L. 118–158, div. D, §4101(c)(5), Dec. 21, 2024, 138 Stat. 1769, provided that: "The provisions of law specified in—

"(A) subsections (a) and (b) of section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092)—

"(i) shall not be applicable to the 2025 crops of covered commodities (as defined in section 1111 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9011)), cotton, and sugar; and

"(ii) shall not be applicable to milk through December 31, 2025; and

"(B) section 1602(c) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9092(c)) shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in calendar year 2025."

Pub. L. 118–22, div. B, title I, §102(c)(4), Nov. 17, 2023, 137 Stat. 116, provided that: "The provisions of law specified in—

"(A) subsections (a) and (b) of section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9092)—

"(i) shall not be applicable to the 2024 crops of covered commodities (as defined in section 1111 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9011)), cotton, and sugar; and

"(ii) shall not be applicable to milk through December 31, 2024; and

"(B) section 1602(c) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 9092(c)) shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in calendar year 2024."
7 U.S.C. § 1336 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1336: Referendum
Referendum
Status: in_force

If a national marketing quota for wheat for one, two, or three marketing years is proclaimed, the Secretary shall, not later than August 1 of the calendar year in which such national marketing quota is proclaimed, conduct a referendum, by secret ballot, of farmers to determine whether they favor or oppose marketing quotas for the marketing year or years for which proclaimed. Any producer who has a farm acreage allotment shall be eligible to vote in any referendum held pursuant to this section, except that a producer who has a farm acreage allotment of less than fifteen acres shall not be eligible to vote unless the farm operator elected pursuant to section 1335 of this title to be subject to the farm marketing quota. The Secretary shall proclaim the results of any referendum held hereunder within thirty days after the date of such referendum, and if the Secretary determines that more than one-third of the farmers voting in the referendum voted against marketing quotas, the Secretary shall proclaim that marketing quotas will not be in effect with respect to the crop of wheat produced for harvest in the calendar year following the calendar year in which the referendum is held. If the Secretary determines that two-thirds or more of the farmers voting in a referendum approve marketing quotas for a period of two or three marketing years, no referendum shall be held for the subsequent year or years of such period. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the referendum with respect to the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after December 20, 1985.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §336, 52 Stat. 55; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §204(b), 62 Stat. 1256; Pub. L. 87–104, July 25, 1961, 75 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 87–128, title I, §122(f), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 297; Pub. L. 87–540, July 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §316, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 621; Pub. L. 88–297, title II, §202(6), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 179; Pub. L. 89–82, July 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 258; Pub. L. 91–348, July 23, 1970, 84 Stat. 448; Pub. L. 91–455, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 969; Pub. L. 93–68, July 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 95–48, June 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 97–24, §1, July 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 143; Pub. L. 97–62, Oct. 14, 1981, 95 Stat. 1010; Pub. L. 97–67, §2, Oct. 20, 1981, 95 Stat. 1039; Pub. L. 97–77, §2(b), Nov. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 1069; Pub. L. 99–63, July 11, 1985, 99 Stat. 119; Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §306, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1382.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

"December 20, 1985" substituted in text for "adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress".

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198, temporarily amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "If a national marketing quota for wheat for one, two, or three marketing years is proclaimed, the Secretary shall, not later than August 1 of the calendar year in which such national marketing quota is proclaimed, conduct a referendum, by secret ballot, of farmers to determine whether they favor or oppose marketing quotas for the marketing year or years for which proclaimed. Any producer who has a farm acreage allotment shall be eligible to vote in any referendum held pursuant to this section, except that a producer who has a farm acreage allotment of less than fifteen acres shall not be eligible to vote unless the farm operator elected pursuant to section 1335 of this title to be subject to the farm marketing quota. The Secretary shall proclaim the results of any referendum held hereunder within thirty days after the date of such referendum, and if the Secretary determines that more than one-third of the farmers voting in the referendum voted against marketing quotas, the Secretary shall proclaim that marketing quotas will not be in effect with respect to the crop of wheat produced for harvest in the calendar year following the calendar year in which the referendum is held. If the Secretary determines that two-thirds or more of the farmers voting in a referendum approve marketing quotas for a period of two or three marketing years, no referendum shall be held for the subsequent year or years of such period. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, the referendum with respect to the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress." See Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–63 substituted "year beginning June 1, 1986, may be conducted not later than thirty-one days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-ninth Congress" for "year beginning June 1, 1982, may be conducted not later than the earlier of the following: (1) thirty days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-seventh Congress, or (2) January 1, 1982".

1981—Pub. L. 97–77 substituted "January 1, 1982" for "November 15, 1981" in sentence covering the date of the referendum for the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1982.

Pub. L. 97–62 and Pub. L. 97–67 made identical amendments providing for substitution of "November 15, 1981" for "October 15, 1981" in sentence covering the date of the referendum for the national marketing quota for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1982.

Pub. L. 97–24 substituted "June 1, 1982" for "June 1, 1978", "Ninety-seventh Congress" for "Ninety-fifth Congress", and "October 15, 1981" for "October 15, 1977".

1977—Pub. L. 95–48 substituted provisions extending the date for the conduct of the referendum with respect to the national marketing for wheat for the marketing year beginning June 1, 1978, by allowing the referendum to be conducted not later than thirty days after the adjournment sine die of the first session of the Ninety-fifth Congress or Oct. 15, 1977, whichever is earlier, for provisions which had set the time limits for the referendums with respect to the national marketing quotas for wheat for the marketing years beginning July 1, 1966, July 1, 1971, and July 1, 1974, respectively.

1973—Pub. L. 93–68 extended time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1974 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop, to the earlier of thirty days after adjournment of the first session of the Ninety-third Congress or Oct. 15, 1973.

1970—Pub. L. 91–455 inserted provision extending until 30 days after adjournment sine die of the second session of the 91st Congress the time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1971 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop.

Pub. L. 91–348 extended the time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1971 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop, to the earlier of thirty days after adjournment sine die of the second session of the ninety-first Congress or October 15, 1970.

1965—Pub. L. 89–82 extended until 30 days after adjournment sine die of the first session of the 89th Congress the time within which the Secretary of Agriculture is required to conduct a referendum with respect to the 1966 crop of wheat, if marketing quotas are to be in effect for that crop.

1964—Pub. L. 88–297 substituted "not later than August 1 of the calendar year in which such national marketing quota is proclaimed" for "not later than sixty days after such proclamation is published in the Federal Register".

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 substituted provisions for a referendum to be held not later than sixty days after publication in the Federal Register of national marketing quota proclamation to determine if the farmers favor or oppose the quota for the year or years for which proclaimed, making producers on farms having farm acreage allotments eligible to vote except farmers with small farm base acreage for which the operator did not elect to be subject to the program, directing results of referendum to be proclaimed within 30 days after date of referendum for provisions for referendum between date of proclamation of national marketing quota and July 25, making farmers, who produced more than 15 acres of wheat eligible to vote, excluding farmers who obtained the feed wheat exemption for the immediately preceding crop, permitting such referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1962, to be held not later than Aug. 26, 1961, and excluding farmers from voting in the 1961 referendum who had not produced in excess of 13.5 acres of wheat in at least one of the years 1959, 1960, or 1961 and permitting such referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1963, to be held not later than Aug. 31, 1962.

Pub. L. 87–540 inserted provisions for conducting wheat marketing quota referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1963, not later than August 31, 1962.

1961—Pub. L. 87–128 prohibited farmers who have not produced in excess of 13.5 acres of wheat in at least one of the years 1959, 1960, or 1961 from voting in the referendum conducted with respect to the national marketing quota for the marketing year beginning July 1, 1962.

Pub. L. 87–104 inserted provisions for conducting wheat marketing quota referendum for marketing year beginning July 1, 1962, not later than August 26, 1961.

1948—Act July 3, 1948, substituted "July 25" for "June 10".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title III, §306, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1382, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 99–198 is effective only for the 1987 through 1990 crops of wheat.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–703 effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1948 Amendment

Amendment by act July 3, 1948, effective Jan. 1, 1950, see section 303 of act July 3, 1948, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 crop of wheat, see section 310(a) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1332 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of wheat, see section 404 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, provided that this section is not applicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of wheat.

Date of Referendum for 1954 Crop

Act July 14, 1953, ch. 194, §4(b), 67 Stat. 152, provided that the referendum with respect to 1954 crop of wheat could be held as late as Aug. 15, 1953.
7 U.S.C. § 2036a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 51: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Section 2036a: Nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program
Nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of eligible individual

In this section, the term "eligible individual" means an individual who is eligible to receive benefits under a nutrition education and obesity prevention program under this section as a result of being—

(1) an individual eligible for benefits under—

(A) this chapter;

(B) sections 1758(b)(1)(A) and 1766(c)(4) of title 42; or

(C) section 1773(e)(1)(A) of title 42;

(2) an individual who resides in a community with a significant low-income population, as determined by the Secretary; or

(3) such other low-income individual as is determined to be eligible by the Secretary.

(b) Programs

Consistent with the terms and conditions of grants awarded under this section, State agencies may implement a nutrition education and obesity prevention program for eligible individuals that promotes healthy food choices and physical activity consistent with the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 5341 of this title.

(c) Delivery of nutrition education and obesity prevention services

(1) In general

State agencies may deliver nutrition education and obesity prevention services under a program described in subsection (b)—

(A) directly to eligible individuals; or

(B) through agreements with other State or local agencies or community organizations.

(2) Nutrition education State plans

(A) In general

A State agency that elects to provide nutrition education and obesity prevention services under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary for approval a nutrition education State plan.

(B) Requirements

A nutrition education State plan shall—

(i) identify the uses of the funding for local projects;

(ii) ensure that the interventions are appropriate for eligible individuals who are members of low-income populations by recognizing the constrained resources, and the potential eligibility for Federal food assistance programs, of members of those populations;

(iii) describe how the State agency shall use an electronic reporting system to—

(I) measure and evaluate the projects; and

(II) account for the allowable State agency administrative costs including for—

(aa) salaries and benefits of State agency personnel;

(bb) office supplies and equipment;

(cc) travel costs;

(dd) development and production of nutrition education materials;

(ee) memberships, subscriptions, and professional activities;

(ff) lease or rental costs;

(gg) maintenance and repair expenses;

(hh) indirect costs; and

(ii) cost of using publicly-owned building space; and

(iv) conform to standards established by the Secretary through regulations, guidance, or grant award documents.

(3) Use of funds

(A) In general

A State agency may use funds provided under this section for any evidence-based allowable use of funds identified by the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service of the Department of Agriculture in consultation with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Department of Health and Human Services, including—

(i) individual and group-based nutrition education, health promotion, and intervention strategies;

(ii) comprehensive, multilevel interventions at multiple complementary organizational and institutional levels; and

(iii) community and public health approaches to improve nutrition.

(B) Consultation

In identifying allowable uses of funds under subparagraph (A) and in seeking to strengthen delivery, oversight, and evaluation of nutrition education, the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service shall consult with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and outside stakeholders and experts, including—

(i) representatives of the academic and research communities;

(ii) nutrition education practitioners;

(iii) representatives of State and local governments; and

(iv) community organizations that serve low-income populations.

(4) Notification

To the maximum extent practicable, State agencies shall notify applicants, participants, and eligible individuals under this chapter of the availability of nutrition education and obesity prevention services under this section in local communities.

(5) Coordination

Subject to the approval of the Secretary, projects carried out with funds received under this section may be coordinated with the expanded food and nutrition education program or other health promotion or nutrition improvement strategies, whether public or privately funded, if the projects carried out with funds received under this section remain under the administrative control of the State agency.

(6) Information clearinghouse

The Secretary shall establish an online clearinghouse that makes available to State agencies, local agencies, institutions of higher education, and community organizations best practices for planning, implementing, and evaluating nutrition education and obesity prevention services to ensure that projects carried out with funds received under this section are appropriate for the target population.

(7) Technical assistance

The Secretary shall provide technical assistance to a State agency in developing and implementing a nutrition education State plan, including—

(A) by identifying common challenges faced by entities described in paragraph (6) that participate in projects carried out with funds received under this section;

(B) by coordinating efforts to address those common challenges;

(C) by collecting and disseminating information on evidence-based practices relating to nutrition education and obesity prevention;

(D) by facilitating communication between and among grantees and subgrantees of funds received under this section;

(E) by assisting State agencies in creating or maintaining systems to compile program data; and

(F) by performing or assisting with other activities, as determined by the Secretary.

(8) Annual State report

Each State agency that delivers nutrition education and obesity prevention services under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an annual report, which shall be made publicly available by the Secretary, that includes—

(A) the use of funds on the State agency's program, including for each category of allowable State agency administrative costs identified in paragraph (2)(B)(iii)(II);

(B) a description of each project carried out by that agency under this subsection, including, with respect to the project, the target population, interventions, educational materials used, key performance indicators used, and evaluations made;

(C) a comprehensive analysis of the impacts and outcomes—

(i) of the project, including with respect to the elements described in subparagraph (A); and

(ii) to the extent practicable, of completed multiyear projects; and

(D) the status of any ongoing multiyear project.

(9) Annual Federal report

The Administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, shall annually submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that—

(A) evaluates the level of coordination between—

(i) the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program under this section;

(ii) the expanded food and nutrition education program under section 3175 of this title; and

(iii) any other nutrition education program administered by the Department of Agriculture; and

(B) includes the use of funds on such programs including State agency administrative costs reported by States under paragraph (8)(A).

(d) Funding

(1) In general

Of funds made available each fiscal year under section 2027(a)(1) of this title, the Secretary shall reserve for allocation to State agencies to carry out the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program under this section, to remain available for obligation for a period of 2 fiscal years—

(A) for fiscal year 2011, $375,000,000;

(B) for fiscal year 2012, $388,000,000;

(C) for fiscal year 2013, $285,000,000;

(D) for fiscal year 2014, $401,000,000;

(E) for fiscal year 2015, $407,000,000; and

(F) for fiscal year 2016 and each subsequent fiscal year, the applicable amount during the preceding fiscal year, as adjusted to reflect any increases for the 12-month period ending the preceding June 30 in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.

(2) Allocation

(A) Initial allocation

Of the funds set aside under paragraph (1), as determined by the Secretary—

(i) for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2013, 100 percent shall be allocated to State agencies in direct proportion to the amount of funding that the State received for carrying out section 2020(f) of this title (as that section existed on the day before the December 13, 2010) during fiscal year 2009, as reported to the Secretary as of February 2010; and

(ii) subject to a reallocation under subparagraph (B)—

(I) for fiscal year 2014—

(aa) 90 percent shall be allocated to State agencies in accordance with clause (i); and

(bb) 10 percent shall be allocated to State agencies based on the respective share of each State of the number of individuals participating in the supplemental nutrition assistance program during the 12-month period ending the preceding January 31;

(II) for fiscal year 2015—

(aa) 80 percent shall be allocated to State agencies in accordance with clause (i); and

(bb) 20 percent shall be allocated in accordance with subclause (I)(bb);

(III) for fiscal year 2016—

(aa) 70 percent shall be allocated to State agencies in accordance with clause (i); and

(bb) 30 percent shall be allocated in accordance with subclause (I)(bb);

(IV) for fiscal year 2017—

(aa) 60 percent shall be allocated to State agencies in accordance with clause (i); and

(bb) 40 percent shall be allocated in accordance with subclause (I)(bb); and

(V) for fiscal year 2018 and each fiscal year thereafter—

(aa) 50 percent shall be allocated to State agencies in accordance with clause (i); and

(bb) 50 percent shall be allocated in accordance with subclause (I)(bb).

(B) Reallocation

(i) In general

If the Secretary determines that a State agency will not expend all of the funds allocated to the State agency for a fiscal year under paragraph (1) or in the case of a State agency that elects not to receive the entire amount of funds allocated to the State agency for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall reallocate the unexpended funds to other States during the fiscal year or the subsequent fiscal year (as determined by the Secretary) that have approved State plans under which the State agencies may expend the reallocated funds.

(ii) Effect of additional funds

(I) Funds received

Any reallocated funds received by a State agency under clause (i) for a fiscal year shall be considered to be part of the fiscal year 2009 base allocation of funds to the State agency for that fiscal year for purposes of determining allocation under subparagraph (A) for the subsequent fiscal year.

(II) Funds surrendered

Any funds surrendered by a State agency under clause (i) shall not be considered to be part of the fiscal year 2009 base allocation of funds to a State agency for that fiscal year for purposes of determining allocation under subparagraph (A) for the subsequent fiscal year.

(3) Limitation on Federal financial participation

(A) In general

Grants awarded under this section shall be the only source of Federal financial participation under this chapter in nutrition education and obesity prevention.

(B) Exclusion

Any costs of nutrition education and obesity prevention in excess of the grants authorized under this section shall not be eligible for reimbursement under section 2025(a) of this title.

(e) Implementation

Not later than January 1, 2012, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a description of the requirements for the receipt of a grant under this section.

(Pub. L. 88–525, §28, as added Pub. L. 111–296, title II, §241(a), Dec. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 3232; amended Pub. L. 112–240, title VII, §701(d)(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2363; Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4028, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 813; Pub. L. 115–334, title IV, §4019, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4650.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–334, §4019(1)(A)(i), substituted "A" for "Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 115–334, §4019(1)(A)(ii)–(iv), added cl. (iii) and redesignated former cl. (iii) as (iv).

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–334, §4019(1)(B), struck out subpar. (C). Text read as follows: "During each of fiscal years 2011 and 2012, a nutrition education State plan under this section shall be consistent with the requirements of section 2020(f) of this title (as that section, other than paragraph (3)(C), existed on the day before December 13, 2010)."

Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–334, §4019(2), inserted ", the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture," before "and outside stakeholders" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–334, §4019(3), inserted "the expanded food and nutrition education program or" before "other health promotion".

Subsec. (c)(6) to (9). Pub. L. 115–334, §4019(4), added pars. (6) to (9).

2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79 inserted "and physical activity" after "healthy food choices".

Subsec. (d)(1)(B) to (F). Pub. L. 112–240 added subpars. (B) to (F) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "for fiscal year 2012 and each subsequent fiscal year, the applicable amount during the preceding fiscal year, as adjusted to reflect any increases for the 12-month period ending the preceding June 30 in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–240 effective Sept. 30, 2012, see section 701(j) of Pub. L. 112–240, set out in a 1-Year Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2010, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 445 of Pub. L. 111–296, set out as a Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1751 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
7 U.S.C. § 5832 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter I: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 5832: National Training Program
National Training Program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish a National Training Program in Sustainable Agriculture to provide education and training for Cooperative Extension Service agents and other professionals involved in the education and transfer of technical information concerning sustainable agriculture in order to develop their understanding, competence, and ability to teach and communicate the concepts of sustainable agriculture to Cooperative Extension Service agents and to farmers and urban residents who need information on sustainable agriculture.

(b) Administration

The National Training Program shall be organized and administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies. The Secretary shall designate an individual from the Cooperative Extension Service in each State to coordinate the National Training Program within that State. The coordinators shall be responsible, in cooperation with appropriate Federal and State agencies, for developing and implementing a statewide training program for appropriate field office personnel.

(c) Required training

(1) Agricultural agents

The Secretary shall ensure that all agricultural agents of the Cooperative Extension Service have completed the National Training Program not later than the end of the five-year period beginning on November 28, 1990. Such training may occur at a college or university located within each State as designated by the coordinator designated under this section.

(2) Proof of training

Beginning three years after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall ensure that all new Cooperative Extension Service agents employed by such Service are able to demonstrate, not later than 18 months after the employment of such agents, that such agents have completed the training program established in subsection (a).

(d) Regional training centers

(1) Designation

The Secretary shall designate not less than two regional training centers to coordinate and administer educational activities in sustainable agriculture as provided for in this section.

(2) Training program

Such centers shall offer intensive instructional programs involving classroom and field training work for extension specialists and other individuals who are required to transmit technical information.

(3) Prohibition on construction

Such centers shall be located at existing facilities, and no funds appropriated to carry out this part shall be used for facility construction.

(4) Administration

Such centers should be administered by entities that have a demonstrated capability relating to sustainable agriculture. The Secretary should consider utilizing existing entities with expertise in sustainable agriculture to assist in the design and implementation of the training program under paragraph (2).

(5) Coordination of resources

Such centers shall make use of information generated by the Department of Agriculture and the State agricultural experiment stations, and the practical experience of farmers, especially those cooperating in on-farm demonstrations and research projects, in carrying out the functions of such centers.

(e) Competitive grants

(1) In general

The Secretary shall establish a competitive grants program to award grants to organizations, including land-grant colleges and universities, to carry out sustainable agricultural training for county agents and other individuals that need basic information concerning sustainable agriculture practices.

(2) Short courses

The purpose of the grants made available under paragraph (1) shall be to establish, in various regions in the United States, training programs that consist of workshops and short courses designed to familiarize participants with the concepts and importance of sustainable agriculture.

(f) Regional specialists

To assist county agents and farmers implement production practices developed under this subchapter, chapter 86 of this title,1 and other appropriate research programs of the Department, regional sustainable agriculture specialists may be designated within each State who shall report to the State coordinator of that State. The specialists shall be responsible for developing and coordinating local dissemination of sustainable agriculture information in a manner that is useful to farmers in the region.

(g) Information availability

The Cooperative Extension Service within each State shall transfer information developed under this subchapter, chapter 86 of this title,1 and other appropriate research programs of the Department through a program that shall—

(1) assist in developing farmer-to-farmer information exchange networks to enable farmers making transitions to more sustainable farming systems to share ideas and draw on the experiences of other farmers;

(2) help coordinate and publicize a regular series of sustainable agriculture farm tours and field days within each State;

(3) plan for extension programming, including extensive farmer input and feedback, in the design of new and ongoing research endeavors related to sustainable agriculture;

(4) provide technical assistance to individual farmers in the design and implementation of farm management plans and strategies for making a transition to more sustainable agricultural systems;

(5) consult and work closely with the Soil Conservation Service and the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service in carrying out the information, technical assistance, and related programs;

(6) develop, coordinate, and direct special education and outreach programs in areas highly susceptible to groundwater contamination, linking sustainable agriculture information with water quality improvement information;

(7) develop information sources relating to crop diversification, alternative crops, on-farm food or commodity processing, and on-farm energy generation;

(8) establish a well-water testing program designed to provide those persons dependent upon underground drinking water supplies with an understanding of the need for regular water testing, information on sources of testing, and an understanding of how to interpret test results and provide for the protection of underground water supplies;

(9) provide specific information on water quality practices developed through the research programs in chapter 86 of this title; 1

(10) provide specific information on nutrient management practices developed through the research programs in chapter 86 of this title; 1 and

(11) provide information concerning whole-farm management systems integrating research results under this subchapter, chapter 86 of this title,1 and other appropriate research programs of the Department.

(h) "Appropriate field office personnel" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "appropriate field office personnel" includes employees of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, and other appropriate Department of Agriculture personnel, as determined by the Secretary, whose activities involve the provision of agricultural production and conservation information to agricultural producers.

(i) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the National Training Program $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1629, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3741; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §407(4), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §862(b)(4), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §606(f), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 604; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(17), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(17), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2030; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7204, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7204, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4803.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Chapter 86 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (f) and (g), was in the original "subtitle G of title XIV", meaning subtitle G (§§1481–1485) of title XIV of Pub. L. 101–624, which was repealed by Pub. L. 105–185, title III, §302(c), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 563.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 113–79 amended subsec. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each fiscal year to carry out the National Training Program."

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(17)(A), substituted "the National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "the Extension Service" in first sentence.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(17)(B), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Extension Service".

1998—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–185 struck out "section 5881 of this title," before "and other appropriate research" in introductory provisions.

1996—Subsecs. (f), (g)(11). Pub. L. 104–127 struck out "section 5881 of this title," before "and other appropriate".

1991—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "ensure" for "insure".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(17) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 6510 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6510: Handling
Handling
Status: in_force

(a) In general

For a handling operation to be certified under this chapter, each person on such handling operation shall not, with respect to any agricultural product covered by this chapter—

(1) add any synthetic ingredient not appearing on the National List during the processing or any postharvest handling of the product;

(2) add any ingredient known to contain levels of nitrates, heavy metals, or toxic residues in excess of those permitted by the applicable organic certification program;

(3) add any sulfites, except in the production of wine, nitrates, or nitrites;

(4) add any ingredients that are not organically produced in accordance with this chapter and the applicable organic certification program, unless such ingredients are included on the National List and represent not more than 5 percent of the weight of the total finished product (excluding salt and water);

(5) use any packaging materials, storage containers or bins that contain synthetic fungicides, preservatives, or fumigants;

(6) use any bag or container that had previously been in contact with any substance in such a manner as to compromise the organic quality of such product; or

(7) use, in such product water that does not meet all Safe Drinking Water Act [42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.] requirements.

(b) Meat

For a farm or handling operation to be organically certified under this chapter, producers on such farm or persons on such handling operation shall ensure that organically produced meat does not come in contact with nonorganically produced meat.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2111, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3941; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1001(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1893; Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title VII, §748], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–41; Pub. L. 109–97, title VII, §797(a), Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2165.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), is title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93–523, §2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, which is classified generally to subchapter XII (§300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–97 inserted "not appearing on the National List" after "ingredient".

2000—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–387 inserted "except in the production of wine," after "sulfites,".

1991—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "postharvest" for "post harvest".
7 U.S.C. § 1723 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter III: EMERGENCY AND PRIVATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 1723: Generation and use of currencies by private voluntary organizations and cooperatives
Generation and use of currencies by private voluntary organizations and cooperatives
Status: in_force

(a) Local sale and barter of commodities

An agreement entered into between the Administrator and a private voluntary organization or cooperative to provide food assistance through such organization or cooperative under this subchapter may provide for the sale or barter in 1 or more recipient countries, or 1 or more countries in the same region, of the commodities to be provided under such agreement to generate proceeds to be used as provided in this section.

(b) Description of intended uses

A private voluntary organization or cooperative submitting a proposal to enter into a non-emergency food assistance agreement under this subchapter shall include in such proposal a description of the intended uses of any proceeds that may be generated through the sale, in 1 or more recipient countries, or in 1 or more countries in the same region, of any commodities provided under an agreement entered into between the Administrator and the organization or cooperative.

(c) Use

Proceeds generated from any partial or full sale or barter of commodities by a private voluntary organization or cooperative under a non-emergency food assistance agreement under this subchapter may—

(1) be used to transport, store, distribute, and otherwise enhance the effectiveness of the use of agricultural commodities provided under this subchapter;

(2) be used to implement income-generating, community development, health, nutrition, cooperative development, agricultural, and other developmental activities within 1 or more recipient countries or within 1 or more countries in the same region; or

(3) be invested, and any interest earned on such investment may be used, for the purposes for which the assistance was provided to that organization, without further appropriation by Congress.

(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title II, §203, 68 Stat. 458; May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title II, §208(c), 70 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 85–128, §1(3), Aug. 13, 1957, 71 Stat. 345; Pub. L. 86–341, title I, §3, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 86–472, ch. VI, §601(b), May 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 140; Pub. L. 87–128, title II, §202(1), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307; Pub. L. 88–638, §1(13), (14), Oct. 8, 1964, 78 Stat. 1037; Pub. L. 89–808, §2(C), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1535; Pub. L. 95–88, title II, §209, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 548; Pub. L. 98–473, title III, §305, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2195; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3638; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §208, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 954; Pub. L. 107–171, title III, §3003, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3009, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1824; Pub. L. 115–334, title III, §3103, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4604.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, §3103(1), inserted "to generate proceeds to be used as provided in this section" before period at end.

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 115–334, §3103(2), (3), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: "In carrying out agreements of the type referred to in subsection (a), the Administrator shall permit private voluntary organizations and cooperatives to sell, in 1 or more recipient countries, or in 1 or more countries in the same region, an amount of commodities equal to not less than 15 percent of the aggregate amounts of all commodities distributed under non-emergency programs under this subchapter for each fiscal year, to generate proceeds to be used as provided in this section."

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246 inserted "in" before "1 or more recipient countries".

2002—Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(1), struck out "foreign" before "currencies" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(2), substituted "1 or more recipient countries, or 1 or more countries" for "the recipient country, or in a country".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(3), substituted "1 or more recipient countries, or in 1 or more countries" for "in recipient countries, or in countries" and struck out "foreign currency" before "proceeds".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(4), struck out "foreign currency" before "proceeds" and substituted "1 or more recipient countries, or in 1 or more countries" for "the recipient country, or in a country".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(5)(A), substituted "Proceeds" for "Foreign currencies" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(5)(B), substituted "income-generating" for "income generating" and "1 or more recipient countries or within 1 or more countries" for "the recipient country or within a country".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §3003(5)(C), inserted comma after "invested" and after "investment may be used".

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, §208(1), inserted ", or in a country in the same region," after "in the recipient country".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §208(2), inserted "or in countries in the same region," after "in recipient countries," and substituted "15 percent" for "10 percent".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–127, §208(3), inserted "or in a country in the same region," after "recipient country,".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 104–127, §208(4), inserted "or within a country in the same region" after "recipient country".

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions relating to the payment of costs and charges by the Commodity Credit Corporation for packaging, enrichment, preservation, processing, transportation, handling, and other incidental charges relating to commodities.

1984—Pub. L. 98–473 inserted following cl. (4): "in the case of commodities for urgent and extraordinary relief requirements, including pre-positioned commodities, transportation costs from designated points of entry or ports of entry abroad to storage and distribution sites and associated storage and distribution costs;".

1977—Pub. L. 95–88 substituted "transportation from United States ports to designated points of entry abroad in the case (1) of landlocked countries, (2) where ports cannot be used effectively because of natural or other disturbances, (3) where carriers to a specific country are unavailable, or (4) where a substantial savings in costs or time can be effected by the utilization of points of entry other than ports" for ", or, in the case of landlocked countries, transportation from United States ports to designated points of entry abroad".

1966—Pub. L. 89–808 reenacted, with linguistic changes, existing provisions for payment of costs and charges, included costs of acquisition, packaging, enrichment, preservation, fortification, processing, handling, other incidents, struck out provisions for authorization of appropriations for reimbursement of CCC, limitation on amount, and use of funds for purchase of foreign currencies, now covered by section 1724 of this title, and deleted other provisions for use of agencies, organizations, and facilities in making transfers, now covered by section 1722 of this title, and provision for transfer of funds from the CCC to such other Federal agency designated by the President for payment of ocean freight costs or for purchase of foreign currencies under this subchapter.

1964—Pub. L. 88–638 substituted "1965"; for "1961", "1966" for "1964", and "$400,000,000" for "$300,000,000", inserted "or donated under said section 1431, or section 1431b or 1697 of this title", provisions authorizing use of funds available under subchapter III, not exceeding $7,500,000 annually, to purchase foreign currencies accruing under subchapter II in order to meet costs designed to assure that commodities available under subchapters I or III are used to carry out more effectively the purposes for which such commodities are made available or to promote activities to alleviate the causes of the need for such assistance, provided that such funds are used to supplement, not substitute for, funds normally available for such purposes from other non-United States Government sources, and "or for the purchase of foreign currencies" after "ocean freight costs".

1961—Pub. L. 87–128 substituted authorization provision for period beginning January 1, 1961, and ending December 31, 1964, for authorization provision beginning January 1, 1960, and ending December 31, 1961, and made the annual limitation applicable to the amount programed rather than to the amount spent.

1960—Pub. L. 86–472 authorized payment for transportation from United States ports to designated points of entry abroad in the case of landlocked countries, and permitted the payment of charges for general average contributions arising out of the ocean transport of transferred commodities.

1959—Pub. L. 86–341 amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: "Not more than $800,000,000 (including the Corporation's investment in such commodities) shall be expended for all such transfers and for other costs authorized by this subchapter."

1957—Pub. L. 85–128 increased limitation on expenditures from $500,000,000 to $800,000,000.

1956—Act May 28, 1956, increased limitation on expenditures from $300,000,000 to $500,000,000, and authorized payment of ocean freight charges.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 1513 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–88 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 215 of Pub. L. 95–88, set out as a note under section 1702 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–808 effective Jan. 1, 1967, see section 5 of Pub. L. 89–808, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–638, §1(13), Oct. 8, 1964, 78 Stat. 1037, provided that the substitutions of "1965" for "1961", "1966" for "1964", and "$400,000,000" for "$300,000,000" are not effective until Jan. 1, 1965.

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–341, title I, §3, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 606, provided that the amendment made by section 3 is effective Jan. 1, 1960.
7 U.S.C. § 6415 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 93: PROCESSOR-FUNDED MILK PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 6415: Amendments
Amendments
Status: in_force

(a) Amendments to order

Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary may issue such amendments to an order as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.

(b) Amendment to assessment rates

(1) In general

The Secretary may conduct at any time a referendum of persons who, during a representative period as determined by the Secretary, have been fluid milk processors on adjusting the assessment rate under the order issued under this chapter then in effect, and shall hold such a referendum on request of the Board or any group of such processors that among them marketed during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, 10 percent or more of the volume of fluid milk products marketed by all processors.

(2) Adjustment to assessment rate

The Secretary shall adjust the assessment rate under the order whenever the Secretary determines that the adjustment is favored—

(A) by at least 50 percent of fluid milk processors voting in the referendum; and

(B) by fluid milk processors that marketed during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, 60 percent or more of the volume of fluid milk products marketed by all processors;

In no event shall the rate of assessment prescribed by the order exceed 20 cents per hundredweight.

(3) Effective date

The adjusted assessment rate shall be effective on a date, as determined by the Secretary, after the results of the referendum are known, but not later than 30 days after the referendum.

(4) Costs; manner

Subsections (c) and (d) of section 6413 of this title shall apply to a referendum conducted under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1999P, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3926.)
7 U.S.C. § 2541 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter III: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND RIGHTS / Section 2541: Infringement of plant variety protection
Infringement of plant variety protection
Status: in_force

(a) Acts constituting infringement

Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, it shall be an infringement of the rights of the owner of a protected variety to perform without authority, any of the following acts in the United States, or in commerce which can be regulated by Congress or affecting such commerce, prior to expiration of the right to plant variety protection but after either the issue of the certificate or the distribution of a protected plant variety with the notice under section 2567 of this title:

(1) sell or market the protected variety, or offer it or expose it for sale, deliver it, ship it, consign it, exchange it, or solicit an offer to buy it, or any other transfer of title or possession of it;

(2) import the variety into, or export it from, the United States;

(3) sexually or asexually multiply, or propagate by a tuber or a part of a tuber, the variety as a step in marketing (for growing purposes) the variety;

(4) use the variety in producing (as distinguished from developing) a hybrid or different variety therefrom;

(5) use seed which had been marked "Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited" or "Unauthorized Seed Multiplication Prohibited" or progeny thereof to propagate the variety;

(6) dispense the variety to another, in a form which can be propagated, without notice as to being a protected variety under which it was received;

(7) condition the variety for the purpose of propagation, except to the extent that the conditioning is related to the activities permitted under section 2543 of this title;

(8) stock the variety for any of the purposes referred to in paragraphs (1) through (7);

(9) perform any of the foregoing acts even in instances in which the variety is multiplied other than sexually, except in pursuance of a valid United States plant patent; or

(10) instigate or actively induce performance of any of the foregoing acts.

(b) Uses authorized by owner

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the owner of a protected variety may authorize the use of the variety under this section subject to conditions and limitations specified by the owner.

(2) In the case of a contract between a seed producer and the owner of a protected variety of lawn, turf, or forage grass seed, or alfalfa or clover seed for the production of seed of the protected variety, the producer shall be deemed to be authorized by the owner to sell such seed and to use the variety if—

(A) the producer has fulfilled the terms of the contract;

(B) the owner refuses to take delivery of the seed or refuses to pay any amounts due under the contract within 30 days of the payment date specified in the contract; and

(C) after the expiration of the period specified in subparagraph (B), the producer notifies the owner of the producer's intent to sell the seed and unless the owner fails to pay the amounts due under the contract and take delivery of the seed within 30 days of such notification. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "owner" shall include any licensee of the owner.

(3) Paragraph (2) shall apply to contracts entered into with respect to plant varieties protected under this chapter as in effect on the day before the effective date of this provision as well as plant varieties protected under this chapter as amended by the Plant Variety Protection Act Amendments of 1994.

(4) Nothing in this subsection shall affect any other rights or remedies of producers or owners that may exist under other Federal or State laws.

(c) Applicability to certain plant varieties

This section shall apply equally to—

(1) any variety that is essentially derived from a protected variety, unless the protected variety is an essentially derived variety;

(2) any variety that is not clearly distinguishable from a protected variety;

(3) any variety whose production requires the repeated use of a protected variety; and

(4) harvested material (including entire plants and parts of plants) obtained through the unauthorized use of propagating material of a protected variety, unless the owner of the variety has had a reasonable opportunity to exercise the rights provided under this chapter with respect to the propagating material.

(d) Acts not considered infringing

It shall not be an infringement of the rights of the owner of a variety to perform any act concerning propagating material of any kind, or harvested material, including entire plants and parts of plants, of a protected variety that is sold or otherwise marketed with the consent of the owner in the United States, unless the act involves further propagation of the variety or involves an export of material of the variety, that enables the propagation of the variety, into a country that does not protect varieties of the plant genus or species to which the variety belongs, unless the exported material is for final consumption purposes.

(e) Private noncommercial uses

It shall not be an infringement of the rights of the owner of a variety to perform any act done privately and for noncommercial purposes.

(f) "Perform without authority" defined

As used in this section, the term "perform without authority" includes performance without authority by any State, any instrumentality of a State, and any officer or employee of a State or instrumentality of a State acting in the official capacity of the officer or employee. Any State, and any such instrumentality, officer, or employee, shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter in the same manner and to the same extent as any nongovernmental entity.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §111, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1554; Pub. L. 96–574, §19(a), Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3351; Pub. L. 102–560, §3(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4231; Pub. L. 103–349, §§9, 13(q), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3141, 3144; Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10108(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4906.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The effective date of this provision, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), probably means the effective date of subsec. (b)(3), which was added by Pub. L. 103–349, effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994. See Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note set out under section 2401 of this title.

The Plant Variety Protection Act Amendments of 1994, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 103–349, Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3136. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note set out under section 2321 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–334 inserted "or asexually" after "sexually".

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(A), substituted "protected" for "novel" in two places in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(B), substituted "or market the protected" for "the novel".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(C), struck out "novel" before "variety".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(C)–(E), inserted ", or propagate by a tuber or a part of a tuber," after "multiply", struck out "novel" before "variety", and struck out "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(C), (E), struck out "novel" before "variety" and struck out "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(G), added par. (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (9).

Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(C), struck out "novel" before "variety".

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(G), added par. (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (10).

Subsec. (a)(9), (10). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(1)(F), redesignated pars. (7) and (8) as (9) and (10), respectively.

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 103–349, §9(3), added subsecs. (b) to (e). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–349, §§9(2), 13(q), redesignated subsec. (b) as (f) and in first sentence substituted "the official capacity of the officer or employee" for "his official capacity".

1992—Pub. L. 102–560 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1980—Par. (5). Pub. L. 96–574 substituted " 'Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited' or 'Unauthorized Seed Multiplication Prohibited' " for " 'propagation prohibited' ".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–349 effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as a note under section 2401 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–560, §4, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4232, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [enacting section 2570 of this title and section 296 of Title 35, Patents, and amending this section and section 271 of Title 35] shall take effect with respect to violations that occur on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992]."
7 U.S.C. § 6g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 6g: Reporting and recordkeeping
Reporting and recordkeeping
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Every person registered hereunder as futures commission merchant, introducing broker, floor broker, or floor trader shall make such reports as are required by the Commission regarding the transactions and positions of such person, and the transactions and positions of the customer thereof, in commodities for future delivery on any board of trade in the United States or elsewhere, and in any significant price discovery contract traded or executed on an electronic trading facility or any agreement, contract, or transaction that is treated by a derivatives clearing organization, whether registered or not registered, as fungible with a significant price discovery contract; shall keep books and records pertaining to such transactions and positions in such form and manner and for such period as may be required by the Commission; and shall keep such books and records open to inspection by any representative of the Commission or the United States Department of Justice.

(b) Daily trading records: registered entities

Every registered entity shall maintain daily trading records. The daily trading records shall include such information as the Commission shall prescribe by rule.

(c) Daily trading records: floor brokers, introducing brokers, and futures commission merchants

Floor brokers, introducing brokers, and futures commission merchants shall maintain daily trading records for each customer in such manner and form as to be identifiable with the trades referred to in subsection (b).

(d) Daily trading records: form and reports

Daily trading records shall be maintained in a form suitable to the Commission for such period as may be required by the Commission. Reports shall be made from the records maintained at such times and at such places and in such form as the Commission may prescribe by rule, order, or regulation in order to protect the public interest and the interest of persons trading in commodity futures.

(e) Disclosure of information

Before the beginning of trading each day, the exchange shall, insofar as is practicable and under terms and conditions specified by the Commission, make public the volume of trading on each type of contract for the previous day and such other information as the Commission deems necessary in the public interest and prescribes by rule, order, or regulation.

(f) Authority of Commission to make separate determinations unimpaired

Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Commission from making separate determinations for different registered entities when such determinations are warranted in the judgment of the Commission.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §4g, as added June 15, 1936, ch. 545, §5, 49 Stat. 1496; amended Pub. L. 90–258, §8, Feb. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 93–463, title I, §103(a), (f), title IV, §415, Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1392, 1415; Pub. L. 95–405, §6, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 97–444, title II, §209, Jan. 11, 1983, 96 Stat. 2302; Pub. L. 102–546, title II, §207(b)(1), title IV, §402(5), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3604, 3624; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §123(a)(7)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–407; Pub. L. 110–234, title XIII, §13202(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1438; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIII, §13202(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2200.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §13202(a), inserted ", and in any significant price discovery contract traded or executed on an electronic trading facility or any agreement, contract, or transaction that is treated by a derivatives clearing organization, whether registered or not registered, as fungible with a significant price discovery contract" after "elsewhere".

2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §123(a)(7)(A)], substituted "registered entity" for "clearinghouse and contract market".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §123(a)(7)(B)], substituted "registered entities" for "clearinghouses, contract markets, and exchanges".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–546, §§207(b)(1), 402(5)(A), redesignated par. (1) as subsec. (a) and substituted "floor broker, or floor trader" for "or floor broker".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–546, §402(5)(A), redesignated par. (2) as subsec. (b).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–546, §402(5), redesignated par. (3) as subsec. (c) and substituted "subsection (b)" for "paragraph (2)".

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 102–546, §402(5)(A), redesignated pars. (4) to (6) as subsecs. (d) to (f), respectively.

1983—Par. (1). Pub. L. 97–444, §209(1), made reporting and recordkeeping requirements applicable to introducing brokers.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–444, §209(2), made customer daily trading records requirement applicable to introducing brokers.

1978—Par. (3). Pub. L. 95–405 substituted "Floor brokers" for "Brokers".

1974—Par. (1). Pub. L. 93–463, §§103(a), (f), 415, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and substituted "Commission" for "Secretary of Agriculture" and "United States Department of Agriculture".

Pars. (2) to (6). Pub. L. 93–463, §415, added pars. (2) to (6).

1968—Pub. L. 90–258 rephrased existing provisions to express reporting and recordkeeping requirements as a positive obligation of futures commission merchants and floor brokers, rather than as a ground for revoking or suspending registration and struck out provisions for revocation or suspension of registration. See section 9 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 13202(a) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective June 18, 2008, see section 13204(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by section 207(b)(1) of Pub. L. 102–546 effective 180 days after Oct. 28, 1992, with Commodity Futures Trading Commission to issue any regulations necessary to implement such amendment no later than 180 days after Oct. 28, 1992, see section 207(c) of Pub. L. 102–546, set out as a note under section 6e of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–444 effective Jan. 11, 1983, see section 239 of Pub. L. 97–444, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–405 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 28 of Pub. L. 95–405, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 93–463 see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–258 effective 120 days after Feb. 19, 1968, see section 28 of Pub. L. 90–258, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 13 of act June 15, 1936, set out as an Effective Date of 1936 Amendment note under section 1 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2906 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 62: BEEF RESEARCH AND INFORMATION / Section 2906: Requirement of referendum
Requirement of referendum
Status: in_force

(a) Continuation or termination of order

For the purpose of determining whether the initial order shall be continued, not later than 22 months after the issuance of the order (or any earlier date recommended by the Board), the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among persons who have been producers or importers during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary. The order shall be continued only if the Secretary determines that it has been approved by not less than a majority of the producers voting in the referendum who, during a representative period as determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the production of cattle. If continuation of the order is not approved by a majority of those voting in the referendum, the Secretary shall terminate collection of assessments under the order within six months after the Secretary determines that continuation of the order is not favored by a majority voting in the referendum and shall terminate the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable after such determination.

(b) Additional referendum to determine suspension or termination of order

After the initial referendum, the Secretary may conduct a referendum on the request of a representative group comprising 10 per centum or more of the number of cattle producers to determine whether cattle producers favor the termination or suspension of the order. The Secretary shall suspend or terminate collection of assessments under the order within six months after the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of the order is favored by a majority of the producers voting in the referendum who, during a representative period as determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the production of cattle and shall terminate or suspend the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable after such determination.

(c) Reimbursement for cost of referendum; time and place of referendum; certification by producers; absentee mail ballot

The Department shall be reimbursed from assessments collected by the Board for any expenses incurred by the Department in connection with conducting any referendum under this section, except for the salaries of Government employees. Any referendum conducted under this section shall be conducted on a date established by the Secretary, whereby producers shall certify that they were engaged in the production of cattle during the representative period and, on the same day, shall be provided an opportunity to vote in the referendum. Each referendum shall be conducted at county extension offices, and there shall be provision for an absentee mail ballot on request.

(Pub. L. 94–294, §7, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1601(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1604.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to requirement of referendum for provisions relating to permissive terms and conditions in orders.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–198 effective Jan. 1, 1986, see section 1601(c) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 2901 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1638 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter IV: COUNTRY OF ORIGIN LABELING / Section 1638: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Covered commodity

(A) In general

The term "covered commodity" means—

(i) muscle cuts of lamb and venison;

(ii) ground lamb and ground venison;

(iii) farm-raised fish;

(iv) wild fish;

(v) a perishable agricultural commodity;

(vi) peanuts; and 1

(vii) meat produced from goats;

(viii) chicken, in whole and in part;

(ix) ginseng;

(x) pecans; and

(xi) macadamia nuts.

(B) Exclusions

The term "covered commodity" does not include an item described in subparagraph (A) if the item is an ingredient in a processed food item.

(2) Farm-raised fish

The term "farm-raised fish" includes—

(A) farm-raised shellfish; and

(B) fillets, steaks, nuggets, and any other flesh from a farm-raised fish or shellfish.

(3) Food service establishment

The term "food service establishment" means a restaurant, cafeteria, lunch room, food stand, saloon, tavern, bar, lounge, or other similar facility operated as an enterprise engaged in the business of selling food to the public.

(4) Lamb

The term "lamb" means meat, other than mutton, produced from sheep.

(5) Perishable agricultural commodity; retailer

The terms "perishable agricultural commodity" and "retailer" have the meanings given the terms in section 499a(b) of this title.

(6) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Agricultural Marketing Service.

(7) Wild fish

(A) In general

The term "wild fish" means naturally-born or hatchery-raised fish and shellfish harvested in the wild.

(B) Inclusions

The term "wild fish" includes a fillet, steak, nugget, and any other flesh from wild fish or shellfish.

(C) Exclusions

The term "wild fish" excludes net-pen aquacultural or other farm-raised fish.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §281, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10816, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 533; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title XI, §11002(1), May 22, 2008, 112 Stat. 1351; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XI, §11002(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2113; Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12104(b)(1), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 114–113, div. A, title VII, §759(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2284.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–113 redesignated pars. (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9) as pars. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), and (7), respectively, in par. (1)(A)(i) struck out references to beef and pork, in par. (1)(A)(ii) struck out references to ground beef and ground pork, and struck out former pars. (1) and (7), which defined "beef" and "pork", respectively .

2014—Par. (2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 113–79, §12104(b)(1)(A), substituted "pork, and venison" for "and pork".

Par. (2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 113–79, §12104(b)(1)(B), substituted "ground pork, and ground venison" for "and ground pork".

2008—Par. (2)(A)(vii) to (xi). Pub. L. 110–246, §11002(1), added cls. (vii) to (xi).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 7731 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 104: PLANT PROTECTION / Subchapter II: INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT / Section 7731: Inspections, seizures, and warrants
Inspections, seizures, and warrants
Status: in_force

(a) Role of Attorney General

The activities authorized by this section shall be carried out consistent with guidelines approved by the Attorney General.

(b) Warrantless inspections

The Secretary may stop and inspect, without a warrant, any person or means of conveyance moving—

(1) into the United States to determine whether the person or means of conveyance is carrying any plant, plant product, biological control organism, plant pest, noxious weed, or article subject to this chapter;

(2) in interstate commerce, upon probable cause to believe that the person or means of conveyance is carrying any plant, plant product, biological control organism, plant pest, noxious weed, or article subject to this chapter; and

(3) in intrastate commerce from or within any State, portion of a State, or premises quarantined as part of a extraordinary emergency declared under section 7715 of this title upon probable cause to believe that the person or means of conveyance is carrying any plant, plant product, biological control organism, plant pest, noxious weed, or article regulated under that section or is moving subject to that section.

(c) Inspections with a warrant

(1) General authority

The Secretary may enter, with a warrant, any premises in the United States for the purpose of conducting investigations or making inspections and seizures under this chapter.

(2) Application and issuance of a warrant

Upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause to believe that there is on certain premises any plant, plant product, biological control organism, plant pest, noxious weed, article, facility, or means of conveyance regulated under this chapter, a United States judge, a judge of a court of record in the United States, or a United States magistrate judge may, within the judge's or magistrate's 1 jurisdiction, issue a warrant for the entry upon the premises to conduct any investigation or make any inspection or seizure under this chapter. The warrant may be applied for and executed by the Secretary or any United States Marshal.

(Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, §421, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 448.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1), (2) and (c), was in the original "this title", meaning title IV of Pub. L. 106–224, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 438, known as the Plant Protection Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7701 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

1 So in original. Probably should be "magistrate judges's".