26 U.S.C. § 508 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 508: Special rules with respect to section 501(c)(3) organizations
Special rules with respect to section 501(c)(3) organizations
Status: in_force

(a) New organizations must notify Secretary that they are applying for recognition of section 501(c)(3) status

Except as provided in subsection (c), an organization organized after October 9, 1969, shall not be treated as an organization described in section 501(c)(3)—

(1) unless it has given notice to the Secretary in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe, that it is applying for recognition of such status, or

(2) for any period before the giving of such notice, if such notice is given after the time prescribed by the Secretary by regulations for giving notice under this subsection.

(b) Presumption that organizations are private foundations

Except as provided in subsection (c), any organization (including an organization in existence on October 9, 1969) which is described in section 501(c)(3) and which does not notify the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe, that it is not a private foundation shall be presumed to be a private foundation.

(c) Exceptions

(1) Mandatory exceptions

Subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to—

(A) churches, their integrated auxiliaries, and conventions or associations of churches, or

(B) any organization which is not a private foundation (as defined in section 509(a)) and the gross receipts of which in each taxable year are normally not more than $5,000.

(2) Exceptions by regulations

The Secretary may by regulations exempt (to the extent and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed in such regulations) from the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) or both—

(A) educational organizations described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii), and

(B) any other class of organizations with respect to which the Secretary determines that full compliance with the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) is not necessary to the efficient administration of the provisions of this title relating to private foundations.

(d) Disallowance of certain charitable, etc., deductions

(1) Gift or bequest to organizations subject to section 507(c) tax

No gift or bequest made to an organization upon which the tax provided by section 507(c) has been imposed shall be allowed as a deduction under section 170, 545(b)(2), 642(c), 2055, 2106(a)(2), or 2522, if such gift or bequest is made—

(A) by any person after notification is made under section 507(a), or

(B) by a substantial contributor (as defined in section 507(d)(2)) in his taxable year which includes the first day on which action is taken by such organization which culminates in the imposition of tax under section 507(c) and any subsequent taxable year.

(2) Gift or bequest to taxable private foundation, section 4947 trust, etc.

No gift or bequest made to an organization shall be allowed as a deduction under section 170, 545(b)(2), 642(c), 2055, 2106(a)(2), or 2522, if such gift or bequest is made—

(A) to a private foundation or a trust described in section 4947 in a taxable year for which it fails to meet the requirements of subsection (e) (determined without regard to subsection (e)(2)), or

(B) to any organization in a period for which it is not treated as an organization described in section 501(c)(3) by reason of subsection (a).

(3) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the entire amount of the unpaid portion of the tax imposed by section 507(c) is abated by the Secretary under section 507(g).

(e) Governing instruments

(1) General rule

A private foundation shall not be exempt from taxation under section 501(a) unless its governing instrument includes provisions the effects of which are—

(A) to require its income for each taxable year to be distributed at such time and in such manner as not to subject the foundation to tax under section 4942, and

(B) to prohibit the foundation from engaging in any act of self-dealing (as defined in section 4941(d)), from retaining any excess business holdings (as defined in section 4943(c)), from making any investments in such manner as to subject the foundation to tax under section 4944, and from making any taxable expenditures (as defined in section 4945(d)).

(2) Special rules for existing private foundations

In the case of any organization organized before January 1, 1970, paragraph (1) shall not apply—

(A) to any period after December 31, 1971, during the pendency of any judicial proceeding begun before January 1, 1972, by the private foundation which is necessary to reform, or to excuse such foundation from compliance with, its governing instrument or any other instrument in order to meet the requirements of paragraph (1), and

(B) to any period after the termination of any judicial proceeding described in subparagraph (A) during which its governing instrument or any other instrument does not permit it to meet the requirements of paragraph (1).

(f) Additional provisions relating to sponsoring organizations

A sponsoring organization (as defined in section 4966(d)(1)) shall give notice to the Secretary (in such manner as the Secretary may provide) whether such organization maintains or intends to maintain donor advised funds (as defined in section 4966(d)(2)) and the manner in which such organization plans to operate such funds.

(Added Pub. L. 91–172, title I, §101(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 494; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§1901(a)(71), (b)(8)(E), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1776, 1794, 1834; Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, §413(c)(30), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1509; Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §1235(b)(1), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1101.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–280, which directed the addition of subsec. (f) to section 508, without specifying the act to be amended, was executed by making the addition to this section, which is section 508 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2004—Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 108–357 struck out "556(b)(2)," after "545(b)(2),".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(71)(A), struck out last sentence providing that for purposes of paragraph (2), the time prescribed for giving notice under this subsection shall not expire before the 90th day after the day on which regulations first prescribed under this subsection become final.

Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" in three places after "Secretary".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–455, §§1901(a)(71)(A), 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" in two places after "Secretary" and "The time prescribed for giving notice under this subsection shall not expire before the 90th day after the day on which regulations first prescribed under this subsection become final" after "a private foundation".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(b)(8)(E), substituted "(A) educational organizations described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii), and" for "(A) educational organizations which normally maintain a regular faculty and curriculum and normally have a regularly enrolled body of pupils or students in attendance at the place where their educational activities are regularly carried on; and" after "(b) or both—".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(71)(C), substituted "(e)(2)" for "(e)(2)(B) and (C)" after "regard to subsection".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(71)(B), struck out subpar. (A) relating to taxable years beginning before 1972, and redesignated subpars. (B) and (C) as (A) and (B), respectively.

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(71)(B), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and substituted "(A)" for "(B)" after "described in subparagraph".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(71)(B), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §1235(b)(2), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1102, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to organizations applying for tax-exempt status after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006]."

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by section 1901(a)(71)(A)–(C), (b)(8)(E) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1970, except that subsecs. (a), (b), and (c) effective Oct. 9, 1969, see section 101(k)(1), (3) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 4940 of this title.

Savings Provision

Limits on inclusion of provisions inconsistent with subsec. (e) of this section in governing instruments, see section 101(l)(6) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 4940 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6699 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 68 / Section 6699: Failure to file S corporation return
Failure to file S corporation return
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

In addition to the penalty imposed by section 7203 (relating to willful failure to file return, supply information, or pay tax), if any S corporation required to file a return under section 6037 for any taxable year—

(1) fails to file such return at the time prescribed therefor (determined with regard to any extension of time for filing), or

(2) files a return which fails to show the information required under section 6037,

such S corporation shall be liable for a penalty determined under subsection (b) for each month (or fraction thereof) during which such failure continues (but not to exceed 12 months), unless it is shown that such failure is due to reasonable cause.

(b) Amount per month

For purposes of subsection (a), the amount determined under this subsection for any month is the product of—

(1) $195, multiplied by

(2) the number of persons who were shareholders in the S corporation during any part of the taxable year.

(c) Assessment of penalty

The penalty imposed by subsection (a) shall be assessed against the S corporation.

(d) Deficiency procedures not to apply

Subchapter B of chapter 63 (relating to deficiency procedures for income, estate, gift, and certain excise taxes) shall not apply in respect of the assessment or collection of any penalty imposed by subsection (a).

(e) Adjustment for inflation

(1) In general

In the case of any return required to be filed in a calendar year beginning after 2014, the $195 dollar amount under subsection (b)(1) shall be increased by an amount equal to such dollar amount multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year determined by substituting "calendar year 2013" for "calendar year 2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.

(2) Rounding

If any amount adjusted under paragraph (1) is not a multiple of $5, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $5.

(Added Pub. L. 110–142, §9(a), Dec. 20, 2007, 121 Stat. 1807; amended Pub. L. 110–458, title I, §128(a), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5116; Pub. L. 111–92, §16(a), Nov. 6, 2009, 123 Stat. 2996; Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, title II, §208(e), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4073; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §11002(d)(1)(OO), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2061; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, §401(a)(299)(E), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1198.)

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 9(a) of Pub. L. 110–142, which directed amendment of this part by adding this section at the end, was executed by inserting this section after section 6698, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6699, added Pub. L. 95–600, title I, §141(c)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2794; amended Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §101(a)(7)(L)(iii)(VI), (v)(IX), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 97–34, title III, §331(c)(3), (4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 293, 294; Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §103(g)(2)(B)–(D), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2379; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §491(e)(9), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 853; Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1847(b)(9), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2857, related to assessable penalties applicable to tax credit employee stock ownership plans, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–514, title XI, §1171(b)(7)(A), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2513. For effective date of repeal, see section 1171(c) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date of 1986 Amendment note under section 38 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–141 inserted "an amount equal to" after "increased by" and "for the calendar year" after "section 1(f)(3)".

2017—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–97 substituted "for 'calendar year 2016' in subparagraph (A)(ii)" for "for 'calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B)".

2014—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–295 added subsec. (e).

2009—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–92 substituted "$195" for "$89".

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–458 substituted "$89" for "$85".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 11002(e) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 applicable to returns required to be filed, and statements required to be furnished, after Dec. 31, 2014, see section 208(h) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 6651 of this title.

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–92 applicable to returns for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2009, see section 16(b) of Pub. L. 111–92, set out as a note under section 6698 of this title.

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–458, title I, §128(b), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5116, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to returns required to be filed after December 31, 2008."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 110–142, §9(c), Dec. 20, 2007, 121 Stat. 1808, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to returns required to be filed after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2007]."
26 U.S.C. § 4162 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 32 / Subchapter D / Section 4162: Definitions; treatment of certain resales
Definitions; treatment of certain resales
Status: in_force

(a) Sport fishing equipment defined

For purposes of this part, the term "sport fishing equipment" means—

(1) fishing rods and poles (and component parts therefor),

(2) fishing reels,

(3) fly fishing lines, and other fishing lines not over 130 pounds test,

(4) fishing spears, spear guns, and spear tips,

(5) items of terminal tackle, including—

(A) leaders,

(B) artificial lures,

(C) artificial baits,

(D) artificial flies,

(E) fishing hooks,

(F) bobbers,

(G) sinkers,

(H) snaps,

(I) drayles, and

(J) swivels,

but not including natural bait or any item of terminal tackle designed for use and ordinarily used on fishing lines not described in paragraph (3), and

(6) the following items of fishing supplies and accessories—

(A) fish stringers,

(B) creels,

(C) tackle boxes,

(D) bags, baskets, and other containers designed to hold fish,

(E) portable bait containers,

(F) fishing vests,

(G) landing nets,

(H) gaff hooks,

(I) fishing hook disgorgers, and

(J) dressing for fishing lines and artificial flies,

(7) fishing tip-ups and tilts,

(8) fishing rod belts, fishing rodholders, fishing harnesses, fish fighting chairs, fishing outriggers, and fishing downriggers, and

(9) electric outboard boat motors.

(b) Treatment of certain resales

(1) In general

If—

(A) the manufacturer, producer, or importer sells any article taxable under section 4161(a) to any person,

(B) the constructive sale price rules of section 4216(b) do not apply to such sale, and

(C) such person (or any other person) sells such article to a related person with respect to the manufacturer, producer, or importer,

then such related person shall be liable for tax under section 4161 in the same manner as if such related person were the manufacturer of the article.

(2) Credit for tax previously paid

If—

(A) tax is imposed on the sale of any article by reason of paragraph (1), and

(B) the related person establishes the amount of the tax which was paid on the sale described in paragraph (1)(A),

the amount of the tax so paid shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by reason of paragraph (1).

(3) Related person

For purposes of this subsection, the term "related person" has the meaning given such term by section 465(b)(3)(C).

(4) Regulations

Except to the extent provided in regulations, rules similar to the rules of this subsection shall also apply in cases (not described in paragraph (1)) in which intermediaries or other devices are used for purposes of reducing the amount of the tax imposed by section 4161(a).

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, §1015(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1017; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title II, §201(d)(7)(C), (12), title XVIII, §1878(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2141, 2142, 2903; Pub. L. 108–357, title III, §334(a), (b), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1478.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 108–357, §334(a), inserted "and" at end of par. (8), substituted a period for ", and" at end of par. (9), and struck out par. (10) which read as follows: "sonar devices suitable for finding fish."

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 108–357, §334(b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "For purposes of this part, the term 'sonar device suitable for finding fish' shall not include any sonar device which is—

"(1) a graph recorder,

"(2) a digital type,

"(3) a meter readout, or

"(4) a combination graph recorder or combination meter readout."

1986—Subsec. (a)(6)(I). Pub. L. 99–514, §1878(b), amended subpar. (I) generally, substituting "hook" for "hood".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, §201(d)(7)(C), (12), made identical amendments, substituting "section 465(b)(3)(C)" for "section 168(e)(4)(D)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–357, title III, §334(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1478, provided that: "The amendments made this section [amending this section] shall apply to articles sold by the manufacturer, producer, or importer after December 31, 2004."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 201(d)(7)(C), (12) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to property placed in service after Dec. 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date, with exceptions, see sections 203 and 204 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 168 of this title.

Amendment by section 201(d)(7)(C), (12) of Pub. L. 99–514 not applicable to any property placed in service before Jan. 1, 1994, if such property placed in service as part of specified rehabilitations, and not applicable to certain additional rehabilitations, see section 251(d)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 46 of this title.

Amendment by section 1878(b) of Pub. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title X, §1015(e), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1019, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 4161 and 6302 of this title] shall apply with respect to articles sold by the manufacturer, producer, or importer after September 30, 1984.

"(2) Treatment of certain resales.—Subsection (c) of section 4162 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (relating to treatment of certain resales), as added by this section, shall apply to sales by related persons (as defined in such subsection) after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984]."

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1397B (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1397B: Nonrecognition of gain on rollover of empowerment zone investments
Nonrecognition of gain on rollover of empowerment zone investments
Status: in_force

(a) Nonrecognition of gain

In the case of any sale of a qualified empowerment zone asset held by the taxpayer for more than 1 year and with respect to which such taxpayer elects the application of this section, gain from such sale shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds—

(1) the cost of any qualified empowerment zone asset (with respect to the same zone as the asset sold) purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period beginning on the date of such sale, reduced by

(2) any portion of such cost previously taken into account under this section.

(b) Definitions and special rules

For purposes of this section—

(1) Qualified empowerment zone asset

(A) In general

The term "qualified empowerment zone asset" means any property which would be a qualified community asset (as defined in section 1400F) 1 if in section 1400F 1—

(i) references to empowerment zones were substituted for references to renewal communities,

(ii) references to enterprise zone businesses (as defined in section 1397C) were substituted for references to renewal community businesses,

(iii) the date of the enactment of this paragraph were substituted for "December 31, 2001" each place it appears, and

(iv) the day after the date set forth in section 1391(d)(1)(A)(i) were substituted for "January 1, 2010" each place it appears.

(B) References

Any reference in this paragraph to section 1400F shall be treated as reference to such section before its repeal.

(2) Certain gain not eligible for rollover

This section shall not apply to—

(A) any gain which is treated as ordinary income for purposes of this subtitle, and

(B) any gain which is attributable to real property, or an intangible asset, which is not an integral part of an enterprise zone business.

(3) Purchase

A taxpayer shall be treated as having purchased any property if, but for paragraph (4), the unadjusted basis of such property in the hands of the taxpayer would be its cost (within the meaning of section 1012).

(4) Basis adjustments

If gain from any sale is not recognized by reason of subsection (a), such gain shall be applied to reduce (in the order acquired) the basis for determining gain or loss of any qualified empowerment zone asset which is purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period described in subsection (a). This paragraph shall not apply for purposes of section 1202.

(5) Holding period

For purposes of determining whether the nonrecognition of gain under subsection (a) applies to any qualified empowerment zone asset which is sold, the taxpayer's holding period for such asset and the asset referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be determined without regard to section 1223.

(c) Termination

This section shall not apply to sales in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020.

(Added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title I, §116(a)(3)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–602; amended Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §206(c), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4027; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, §401(d)(4)(B)(vii), (5)(B)(iv), (v), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1209, 1210; Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §118(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3051.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–554, which was approved Dec. 21, 2000.

Section 1400F, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, §401(d)(5)(A), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1210.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1397B was renumbered section 1397C of this title.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260 added subsec. (c).

2018—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–141, §401(d)(5)(B)(iv), added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 115–141, §401(d)(4)(B)(vii), struck out subpar. (B). Text read as follows: "The District of Columbia Enterprise Zone shall not be treated as an empowerment zone for purposes of this section."

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 115–141, §401(d)(5)(B)(v), substituted "which is sold, the taxpayer's holding period for such asset and the asset referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be determined without regard to section 1223." for "which is sold—

"(A) the taxpayer's holding period for such asset and the asset referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be determined without regard to section 1223, and

"(B) only the first year of the taxpayer's holding period for the asset referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be taken into account for purposes of paragraphs (2)(A)(iii), (3)(C), and (4)(A)(iii) of section 1400F(b)."

2014—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 113–295 added cl. (iv).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2020, see section 118(e) of div. EE of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1391 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective as if included in the provisions of the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, Pub. L. 111–312, to which such amendment relates, see section 206(d) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 32 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to qualified empowerment zone assets acquired after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(7) [title I, §116(c)] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendment note under section 1016 of this title.

Savings Provision

Amendment by section 401(d)(4)(B)(vii) of Pub. L. 115–141 not applicable to certain obligations issued, DC Zone assets acquired, or principal residences acquired before Jan. 1, 2012, see section 401(d)(4)(C) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under former section 1400 of this title.

Amendment by section 401(d)(5)(B)(iv), (v) of Pub. L. 115–141 not applicable to certain qualified community assets acquired, wages paid or incurred, qualified revitalization buildings placed in service, or property acquired before Jan. 1, 2010, see section 401(d)(5)(C) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under former section 1400E of this title.

For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 115–141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
26 U.S.C. § 37 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 37: Overpayments of tax
Overpayments of tax
Status: in_force

For credit against the tax imposed by this subtitle for overpayments of tax, see section 6401.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 16, §38; renumbered §39, Pub. L. 87–834, §2(a), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 962; renumbered §40, Pub. L. 89–44, title VIII, §809(c), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 167; renumbered §42, Pub. L. 92–178, title VI, §601(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 553; renumbered §43, Pub. L. 94–12, title II, §203(a), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 29; renumbered §44, Pub. L. 94–12, title II, §204(a), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 30; renumbered §45, Pub. L. 94–12, title II, §208(a), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 32; renumbered §35, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §471(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 826; renumbered §36, Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, title II, §201(a), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 954; renumbered §37, Pub. L. 110–289, div. C, title I, §3011(a), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2888.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 37 was renumbered section 22 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 859 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter M / Section 859: Adoption of annual accounting period
Adoption of annual accounting period
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

For purposes of this subtitle—

(1) a real estate investment trust shall not change to any accounting period other than the calendar year, and

(2) a corporation, trust, or association may not elect to be a real estate investment trust for any taxable year beginning after October 4, 1976, unless its accounting period is the calendar year.

Paragraph (2) shall not apply to a corporation, trust, or association which was considered to be a real estate investment trust for any taxable year beginning on or before October 4, 1976.

(b) Change of accounting period without approval

Notwithstanding section 442, an entity which has not engaged in any active trade or business may change its accounting period to a calendar year without the approval of the Secretary if such change is in connection with an election under section 856(c).

(Added Pub. L. 94–455, title XVI, §1604(i)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1752, §860; renumbered §859 and amended Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §362(d)(6), title VII, §701(t)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2852, 2911; Pub. L. 99–514, title VI, §661(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2300.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 859, added Pub. L. 94–455, title XVI, §1601(a)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1742; amended Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, §701(t)(4), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2912, related to a deduction for deficiency dividends, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §362(d)(6), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2852. See section 860 of this title.

Amendments

1986—Pub. L. 99–514 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1978—Pub. L. 95–600, §701(t)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "change to any accounting period" for "change to or adopt any annual accounting period", and added par. (2) and provision for nonapplicability of par. (2) to a real estate investment trust for any taxable year beginning on or before Oct. 4, 1976.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 669 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 856 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Repeal of prior section 859 of this title and redesignation of section 860 of this title as this section by section 362(d)(6) of Pub. L. 95–600 applicable with respect to determinations (as defined in section 860(e) of this title) after Nov. 6, 1978, see section 362(e) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as an Effective Date note under section 860 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, §701(t)(5), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2912, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 275, 856, 6212, and 6501 of this title] shall take effect on October 4, 1976."
26 U.S.C. § 5708 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 52 / Section 5708: Losses caused by disaster
Losses caused by disaster
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

Where the President has determined under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, that a "major disaster" as defined in such Act has occurred in any part of the United States, the Secretary shall pay (without interest) an amount equal to the amount of the internal revenue taxes paid or determined and customs duties paid on tobacco products and cigarette papers and tubes removed, which were lost, rendered unmarketable, or condemned by a duly authorized official by reason of such disaster occurring in such part of the United States on and after the effective date of this section, if such tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes were held and intended for sale at the time of such disaster. The payments authorized by this section shall be made to the person holding such tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes for sale at the time of the disaster.

(b) Claims

No claim shall be allowed under this section unless—

(1) filed within 6 months after the date on which the President makes the determination that the disaster referred to in subsection (a) has occurred; and

(2) the claimant furnishes proof to the satisfaction of the Secretary that—

(A) he was not indemnified by any valid claim of insurance or otherwise in respect of the tax, or tax and duty, on the tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes covered by the claim, and

(B) he is entitled to payment under this section.

Claims under this section shall be filed under such regulations as the Secretary shall prescribe.

(c) Destruction of tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes

Before the Secretary makes payment under this section in respect of the tax, or tax and duty, on the tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes condemned by a duly authorized official or rendered unmarketable, such tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes shall be destroyed under such supervision as the Secretary may prescribe, unless such tobacco products or cigarette papers or tubes were previously destroyed under supervision satisfactory to the Secretary.

(d) Other laws applicable

All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable in respect of internal revenue taxes on tobacco products and cigarette papers and tubes shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with this section, be applied in respect of the payments provided for in this section to the same extent as if such payments constituted refunds of such taxes.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §202, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1420; amended Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(j), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(j), formerly title VI, §602(j), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 164, renumbered title VII, §702(j), Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §109(l), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4709; Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, §408(a)(7)(E), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1191.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–311 inserted "Robert T. Stafford" before "Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act".

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–707 substituted "and Emergency Assistance Act" for "Act of 1974".

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–288 substituted "Disaster Relief Act of 1974" for "Disaster Relief Act of 1970".

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–606 substituted "Disaster Relief Act of 1970" for "Act of September 30, 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1855)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–288 effective Apr. 1, 1974, see section 605 of Pub. L. 93–288, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 5121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–606 effective Dec. 31, 1970, see section 304 of Pub. L. 91–606, set out as a note under section 165 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Sept. 3, 1958, see section 210(a)(1) of Pub. L. 85–859, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Losses of Tobacco Products Caused by Disaster

Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §209, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1434, authorized payments, without interest, of amounts equal to internal revenue taxes and customs duties paid by persons suffering a major disaster, pursuant to former act Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1125, 64 Stat. 1109, for disasters occurring in the United States after Dec. 31, 1954, and before Sept. 2, 1958, in respect to tobacco products and cigarette papers and tubes; specified persons to whom the payments would be made and the procedure for allowance of claims; required the destruction of such tobacco products and cigarette papers and tubes under supervision; and made other laws applicable to such payments insofar as not inconsistent with section 209 of Pub. L. 85–859.
26 U.S.C. § 6662A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 68 / Section 6662A: Imposition of accuracy-related penalty on understatements with respect to reportable transactions
Imposition of accuracy-related penalty on understatements with respect to reportable transactions
Status: in_force

(a) Imposition of penalty

If a taxpayer has a reportable transaction understatement for any taxable year, there shall be added to the tax an amount equal to 20 percent of the amount of such understatement.

(b) Reportable transaction understatement

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

The term "reportable transaction understatement" means the sum of—

(A) the product of—

(i) the amount of the increase (if any) in taxable income which results from a difference between the proper tax treatment of an item to which this section applies and the taxpayer's treatment of such item (as shown on the taxpayer's return of tax), and

(ii) the highest rate of tax imposed by section 1 (section 11 in the case of a taxpayer which is a corporation), and

(B) the amount of the decrease (if any) in the aggregate amount of credits determined under subtitle A which results from a difference between the taxpayer's treatment of an item to which this section applies (as shown on the taxpayer's return of tax) and the proper tax treatment of such item.

For purposes of subparagraph (A), any reduction of the excess of deductions allowed for the taxable year over gross income for such year, and any reduction in the amount of capital losses which would (without regard to section 1211) be allowed for such year, shall be treated as an increase in taxable income.

(2) Items to which section applies

This section shall apply to any item which is attributable to—

(A) any listed transaction, and

(B) any reportable transaction (other than a listed transaction) if a significant purpose of such transaction is the avoidance or evasion of Federal income tax.

(c) Higher penalty for nondisclosed listed and other avoidance transactions

Subsection (a) shall be applied by substituting "30 percent" for "20 percent" with respect to the portion of any reportable transaction understatement with respect to which the requirement of section 6664(d)(3)(A) is not met.

(d) Definitions of reportable and listed transactions

For purposes of this section, the terms "reportable transaction" and "listed transaction" have the respective meanings given to such terms by section 6707A(c).

(e) Special rules

(1) Coordination with penalties, etc., on other understatements

In the case of an understatement (as defined in section 6662(d)(2))—

(A) the amount of such understatement (determined without regard to this paragraph) shall be increased by the aggregate amount of reportable transaction understatements for purposes of determining whether such understatement is a substantial understatement under section 6662(d)(1), and

(B) the addition to tax under section 6662(a) shall apply only to the excess of the amount of the substantial understatement (if any) after the application of subparagraph (A) over the aggregate amount of reportable transaction understatements.

(2) Coordination with other penalties

(A) Coordination with fraud penalty

This section shall not apply to any portion of an understatement on which a penalty is imposed under section 6663.

(B) Coordination with certain increased underpayment penalties

This section shall not apply to any portion of an understatement on which a penalty is imposed under section 6662 if the rate of the penalty is determined under subsections (h) or (i) of section 6662.

(3) Special rule for amended returns

Except as provided in regulations, in no event shall any tax treatment included with an amendment or supplement to a return of tax be taken into account in determining the amount of any reportable transaction understatement if the amendment or supplement is filed after the earlier of the date the taxpayer is first contacted by the Secretary regarding the examination of the return or such other date as is specified by the Secretary.

(Added Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, §812(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1577; amended Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, §403(x)(2), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2629; Pub. L. 111–152, title I, §1409(b)(3), Mar. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1069; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §220(w), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4036.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 1409(b)(3) of Pub. L. 111–152, which directed the amendment of section 6662A without specifying the act to be amended, was executed to this section, which is section 6662A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2010 Amendment note below.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–295 substituted "section 6664(d)(3)(A)" for "section 6664(d)(2)(A)".

2010—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 111–152 substituted "certain increased underpayment penalties" for "gross valuation misstatement penalty" in heading and "subsections (h) or (i) of section 6662" for "section 6662(h)" in text. See Codification note above.

2005—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 109–135 reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(A) Application of fraud penalty.—References to an underpayment in section 6663 shall be treated as including references to a reportable transaction understatement.

"(B) No double penalty.—This section shall not apply to any portion of an understatement on which a penalty is imposed under section 6663.

"(C) Coordination with valuation penalties.—

"(i) Section 6662(e).—Section 6662(e) shall not apply to any portion of an understatement on which a penalty is imposed under this section.

"(ii) Section 6662(h).—This section shall not apply to any portion of an understatement on which a penalty is imposed under section 6662(h)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–152 applicable to underpayments attributable to transactions entered into after Mar. 30, 2010, see section 1409(e)(2) of Pub. L. 111–152, set out as a note under section 6662 of this title.

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–135 effective as if included in the provision of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–357, to which such amendment relates, see section 403(nn) of Pub. L. 109–135, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years ending after Oct. 22, 2004, see section 812(f) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment note under section 6662 of this title.

Report on Tax Shelter Penalties and Certain Other Enforcement Actions

Pub. L. 111–240, title II, §2103, Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2564, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate an annual report on the penalties assessed by the Internal Revenue Service during the preceding year under each of the following provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986:

"(1) Section 6662A (relating to accuracy-related penalty on understatements with respect to reportable transactions).

"(2) Section 6700(a) (relating to promoting abusive tax shelters).

"(3) Section 6707 (relating to failure to furnish information regarding reportable transactions).

"(4) Section 6707A (relating to failure to include reportable transaction information with return).

"(5) Section 6708 (relating to failure to maintain lists of advisees with respect to reportable transactions).

"(b) Additional Information.—The report required under subsection (a) shall also include information on the following with respect to each year:

"(1) Any action taken under section 330(b) [now 330(c)] of title 31, United States Code, with respect to any reportable transaction (as defined in section 6707A(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).

"(2) Any extension of the time for assessment of tax enforced, or assessment of any amount under such an extension, under paragraph (10) of section 6501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

"(c) Date of Report.—The first report required under subsection (a) shall be submitted not later than December 31, 2010."
26 U.S.C. § 4941 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 42 / Section 4941: Taxes on self-dealing
Taxes on self-dealing
Status: in_force

(a) Initial taxes

(1) On self-dealer

There is hereby imposed a tax on each act of self-dealing between a disqualified person and a private foundation. The rate of tax shall be equal to 10 percent of the amount involved with respect to the act of self-dealing for each year (or part thereof) in the taxable period. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any disqualified person (other than a foundation manager acting only as such) who participates in the act of self-dealing. In the case of a government official (as defined in section 4946(c)), a tax shall be imposed by this paragraph only if such disqualified person participates in the act of self-dealing knowing that it is such an act.

(2) On foundation manager

In any case in which a tax is imposed by paragraph (1), there is hereby imposed on the participation of any foundation manager in an act of self-dealing between a disqualified person and a private foundation, knowing that it is such an act, a tax equal to 5 percent of the amount involved with respect to the act of self-dealing for each year (or part thereof) in the taxable period, unless such participation is not willful and is due to reasonable cause. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any foundation manager who participated in the act of self-dealing.

(b) Additional taxes

(1) On self-dealer

In any case in which an initial tax is imposed by subsection (a)(1) on an act of self-dealing by a disqualified person with a private foundation and the act is not corrected within the taxable period, there is hereby imposed a tax equal to 200 percent of the amount involved. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any disqualified person (other than a foundation manager acting only as such) who participated in the act of self-dealing.

(2) On foundation manager

In any case in which an additional tax is imposed by paragraph (1), if a foundation manager refused to agree to part or all of the correction, there is hereby imposed a tax equal to 50 percent of the amount involved. The tax imposed by this paragraph shall be paid by any foundation manager who refused to agree to part or all of the correction.

(c) Special rules

For purposes of subsections (a) and (b)—

(1) Joint and several liability

If more than one person is liable under any paragraph of subsection (a) or (b) with respect to any one act of self-dealing, all such persons shall be jointly and severally liable under such paragraph with respect to such act.

(2) $20,000 limit for management

With respect to any one act of self-dealing, the maximum amount of the tax imposed by subsection (a)(2) shall not exceed $20,000, and the maximum amount of the tax imposed by subsection (b)(2) shall not exceed $20,000.

(d) Self-dealing

(1) In general

For purposes of this section, the term "self-dealing" means any direct or indirect—

(A) sale or exchange, or leasing, of property between a private foundation and a disqualified person;

(B) lending of money or other extension of credit between a private foundation and a disqualified person;

(C) furnishing of goods, services, or facilities between a private foundation and a disqualified person;

(D) payment of compensation (or payment or reimbursement of expenses) by a private foundation to a disqualified person;

(E) transfer to, or use by or for the benefit of, a disqualified person of the income or assets of a private foundation; and

(F) agreement by a private foundation to make any payment of money or other property to a government official (as defined in section 4946(c)), other than an agreement to employ such individual for any period after the termination of his government service if such individual is terminating his government service within a 90-day period.

(2) Special rules

For purposes of paragraph (1)—

(A) the transfer of real or personal property by a disqualified person to a private foundation shall be treated as a sale or exchange if the property is subject to a mortgage or similar lien which the foundation assumes or if it is subject to a mortgage or similar lien which a disqualified person placed on the property within the 10-year period ending on the date of the transfer;

(B) the lending of money by a disqualified person to a private foundation shall not be an act of self-dealing if the loan is without interest or other charge (determined without regard to section 7872) and if the proceeds of the loan are used exclusively for purposes specified in section 501(c)(3);

(C) the furnishing of goods, services, or facilities by a disqualified person to a private foundation shall not be an act of self-dealing if the furnishing is without charge and if the goods, services, or facilities so furnished are used exclusively for purposes specified in section 501(c)(3);

(D) the furnishing of goods, services, or facilities by a private foundation to a disqualified person shall not be an act of self-dealing if such furnishing is made on a basis no more favorable than that on which such goods, services, or facilities are made available to the general public;

(E) except in the case of a government official (as defined in section 4946(c)), the payment of compensation (and the payment or reimbursement of expenses) by a private foundation to a disqualified person for personal services which are reasonable and necessary to carrying out the exempt purpose of the private foundation shall not be an act of self-dealing if the compensation (or payment or reimbursement) is not excessive;

(F) any transaction between a private foundation and a corporation which is a disqualified person (as defined in section 4946(a)), pursuant to any liquidation, merger, redemption, recapitalization, or other corporate adjustment, organization, or reorganization, shall not be an act of self-dealing if all of the securities of the same class as that held by the foundation are subject to the same terms and such terms provide for receipt by the foundation of no less than fair market value;

(G) in the case of a government official (as defined in section 4946(c)), paragraph (1) shall in addition not apply to—

(i) prizes and awards which are subject to the provisions of section 74(b) (without regard to paragraph (3) thereof), if the recipients of such prizes and awards are selected from the general public,

(ii) scholarships and fellowship grants which would be subject to the provisions of section 117(a) (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986) and are to be used for study at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii),

(iii) any annuity or other payment (forming part of a stock-bonus, pension, or profit-sharing plan) by a trust which is a qualified trust under section 401,

(iv) any annuity or other payment under a plan which meets the requirements of section 404(a)(2),

(v) any contribution or gift (other than a contribution or gift of money) to, or services or facilities made available to, any such individual, if the aggregate value of such contributions, gifts, services, and facilities to, or made available to, such individual during any calendar year does not exceed $25,

(vi) any payment made under chapter 41 of title 5, United States Code, or

(vii) any payment or reimbursement of traveling expenses for travel solely from one point in the United States to another point in the United States, but only if such payment or reimbursement does not exceed the actual cost of the transportation involved plus an amount for all other traveling expenses not in excess of 125 percent of the maximum amount payable under section 5702 of title 5, United States Code, for like travel by employees of the United States; and

(H) the leasing by a disqualified person to a private foundation of office space for use by the foundation in a building with other tenants who are not disqualified persons shall not be treated as an act of self-dealing if—

(i) such leasing of office space is pursuant to a binding lease which was in effect on October 9, 1969, or pursuant to renewals of such a lease;

(ii) the execution of such lease was not a prohibited transaction (within the meaning of section 503(b) or any corresponding provision of prior law) at the time of such execution; and

(iii) the terms of the lease (or any renewal) reflect an arm's-length transaction.

(e) Other definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Taxable period

The term "taxable period" means, with respect to any act of self-dealing, the period beginning with the date on which the act of self-dealing occurs and ending on the earliest of—

(A) the date of mailing a notice of deficiency with respect to the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) under section 6212,

(B) the date on which the tax imposed by subsection (a)(1) is assessed, or

(C) the date on which correction of the act of self-dealing is completed.

(2) Amount involved

The term "amount involved" means, with respect to any act of self-dealing, the greater of the amount of money and the fair market value of the other property given or the amount of money and the fair market value of the other property received; except that, in the case of services described in subsection (d)(2)(E), the amount involved shall be only the excess compensation. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the fair market value—

(A) in the case of the taxes imposed by subsection (a), shall be determined as of the date on which the act of self-dealing occurs; and

(B) in the case of the taxes imposed by subsection (b), shall be the highest fair market value during the taxable period.

(3) Correction

The terms "correction" and "correct" mean, with respect to any act of self-dealing, undoing the transaction to the extent possible, but in any case placing the private foundation in a financial position not worse than that in which it would be if the disqualified person were dealing under the highest fiduciary standards.

(Added Pub. L. 91–172, title I, §101(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 499; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§1901(b)(8)(H), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1795, 1834; Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(1)(A), (B), (2)(A), (3)(A), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3469, 3471; Pub. L. 96–608, §5, Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3553; Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §107(c), Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 99–514, title I, §122(a)(2)(A), title XVIII, §1812(b)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2110, 2833; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1001(d)(1)(A), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3350; Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §1212(a)(1), (2), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1074.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(G)(ii), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 99–514, which was approved Oct. 22, 1986.

Codification

Section 1212(a)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 109–280, which directed the amendment of section 4941 without specifying the act to be amended, was executed to this section, which is section 4941 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2006 Amendment notes below.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–280, §1212(a)(1)(A), substituted "10 percent" for "5 percent". See Codification note above.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–280, §1212(a)(1)(B), substituted "5 percent" for "2½ percent". See Codification note above.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–280, §1212(a)(2), substituted "$20,000" for "$10,000" wherever appearing in heading and text. See Codification note above.

1988—Subsec. (d)(2)(G)(ii). Pub. L. 100–647 amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "scholarships and fellowship grants which are subject to the provisions of section 117(a) and are to be used for study at an educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii),".

1986—Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 99–514, §1812(b)(1), inserted "(determined without regard to section 7872)" after "without interest or other charge".

Subsec. (d)(2)(G)(i). Pub. L. 99–514, §122(a)(2)(A), inserted "(without regard to paragraph (3) thereof)" after "section 74(b)".

Subsec. (d)(2)(G)(vii). Pub. L. 99–234 substituted "5702" for "5702(a)".

1980—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(1)(A), substituted "taxable period" for "correction period".

Subsec. (d)(2)(H). Pub. L. 96–608 added subpar. (H).

Subsec. (e)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(2)(A), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(1)(B), substituted "taxable period" for "correction period".

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 96–596, §2(a)(3)(A), struck out par. (4) which defined correction period, with respect to any act of self-dealing, as the period beginning with the date on which the act of self-dealing occurs and ending 90 days after the date of mailing of a notice of deficiency with respect to the tax imposed by subsec. (b)(1) of this section under section 6212 of this title, extended by any period in which the deficiency cannot be assessed under section 6213(a) of this title and any other period which the Secretary determines is reasonable and necessary to bring about correction of the act of self-dealing.

1976—Subsec. (d)(2)(G)(ii). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(b)(8)(H), substituted "educational organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)" for "educational institution described in section 151(e)(4)" after "study at an".

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §1212(f), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1075, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 4942 to 4945 and 4958 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006]."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendments

Amendment by section 122(a)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to prizes and awards granted after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 151(c) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by section 1812(b)(1) of Pub. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–234 effective (1) on effective date of regulations to be promulgated not later than 150 days after Jan. 2, 1986, or (2) 180 days after Jan. 2, 1986, whichever occurs first, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–234, set out as a note under section 5701 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 96–596 with respect to any first tier tax and to any second tier tax, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 96–596, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4961 of this title.

Savings Provision

Exceptions to applicability of section, see section 101(l)(2) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 4940 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Tax on Self-Dealing Not To Apply to Certain Stock Purchases

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title III, §312, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 786, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(a) General Rule.—Section 4941 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (relating to taxes on self-dealing) shall not apply to the purchase during 1978 of stock from a private foundation (and to any note issued in connection with such purchase) if—

"(1) consideration for such purchase equaled or exceeded the fair market value of such stock,

"(2) the purchaser of such stock did not make any contribution to such foundation at any time during the 5-year period ending on the date of such purchase,

"(3) the aggregate contributions to such foundation by the purchaser before such date were less than $10,000 and less than 2 percent of the total contributions received by the foundation as of such date, and

"(4) such purchase was pursuant to the settlement of litigation involving the purchaser.

"(b) Statute of Limitations.—If credit or refund of any overpayment of tax resulting from subsection (a) is prevented at any time before the close of the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984] by the operation of any law or rule of law, refund or credit of such overpayment may, nevertheless, be made or allowed if claim therefor is filed before the close of such 1-year period."

Applicability to Determination of Status as Substantial Contributor for Purposes of Taxes on Self-Dealing of Contributions Made Prior to October 9, 1969

Determination of status as substantial contributor within section 507(d)(2) of this title for purposes of applying this section, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–170, set out as a note under section 507 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5007 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5007: Collection of tax on distilled spirits
Collection of tax on distilled spirits
Status: in_force

(a) Tax on distilled spirits removed from bonded premises

The tax on domestic distilled spirits and on distilled spirits removed from customs custody under section 5232 shall be paid in accordance with section 5061.

(b) Collection of tax on imported distilled spirits

The internal revenue tax imposed by section 5001(a)(1) and (2) upon imported distilled spirits shall be collected by the Secretary and deposited as internal revenue collections, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. Section 5688 shall be applicable to the disposition of imported spirits.

(c) Cross references

(1) For authority of the Secretary to make determinations and assessments of internal revenue taxes and penalties, see section 6201(a).

(2) For authority to assess tax on distilled spirits not bonded, see section 5006(c).

(3) For provisions relating to payment of tax, under certain conditions, on distilled spirits withdrawn free of tax, denatured distilled spirits, articles, and volatile fruit-flavor concentrates, see section 5001(a)(4), (5), and (6).

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1322; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§1905(b)(2)(A), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1822, 1834; Pub. L. 96–39, title VIII, §807(a)(5), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 103–465, title I, §136(c)(3), (4), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4841, 4842.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5007, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 600, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Prior section 5007(c) related to "payment of tax on alcoholic compounds from Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands". See section 7652 of this title.

Prior section 5007(e)(1) related to "assessment for deficiencies in production and excess of materials used" and "requirement". See sections 5004(b)(1) and 5006(a)(3) of this title.

Prior section 5007(e)(2) related to "relief from assessment for deficiencies in production and excess of materials used" and is obsolete.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–465, §136(c)(3), amended subsec. (b) generally, striking out provisions relating to collection and deposit as internal revenue collections of taxes on imported perfumes containing distilled spirits.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–465, §136(c)(4), substituted "section 5001(a)(4), (5), and (6)" for "section 5001(a)(5), (6), and (7)".

1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–39 struck out "(1) General" before "The tax on domestic" and par. (2) which related to distilled spirits withdrawn to bottling premises under withdrawal bond.

1976—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–455, §§1905(b)(2)(A), 1906(b)(13)(A), struck out second sentence "Such tax shall be in addition to any customs duty imposed under the Tariff Act of 1930 (46 Stat. 590; 19 U.S.C., chapter 4), or any subsequent act." and "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (b)(2), (c)(1). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective Jan. 1, 1995, see section 136(d) of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 810 of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by section 1905(b)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 94–455 effective on first day of first month which begins more than 90 days after Oct. 4, 1976, see section 1905(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 5005 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1015 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1015: Basis of property acquired by gifts and transfers in trust
Basis of property acquired by gifts and transfers in trust
Status: in_force

(a) Gifts after December 31, 1920

If the property was acquired by gift after December 31, 1920, the basis shall be the same as it would be in the hands of the donor or the last preceding owner by whom it was not acquired by gift, except that if such basis (adjusted for the period before the date of the gift as provided in section 1016) is greater than the fair market value of the property at the time of the gift, then for the purpose of determining loss the basis shall be such fair market value. If the facts necessary to determine the basis in the hands of the donor or the last preceding owner are unknown to the donee, the Secretary shall, if possible, obtain such facts from such donor or last preceding owner, or any other person cognizant thereof. If the Secretary finds it impossible to obtain such facts, the basis in the hands of such donor or last preceding owner shall be the fair market value of such property as found by the Secretary as of the date or approximate date at which, according to the best information that the Secretary is able to obtain, such property was acquired by such donor or last preceding owner.

(b) Transfer in trust after December 31, 1920

If the property was acquired after December 31, 1920, by a transfer in trust (other than by a transfer in trust by a gift, bequest, or devise), the basis shall be the same as it would be in the hands of the grantor increased in the amount of gain or decreased in the amount of loss recognized to the grantor on such transfer under the law applicable to the year in which the transfer was made.

(c) Gift or transfer in trust before January 1, 1921

If the property was acquired by gift or transfer in trust on or before December 31, 1920, the basis shall be the fair market value of such property at the time of such acquisition.

(d) Increased basis for gift tax paid

(1) In general

If—

(A) the property is acquired by gift on or after September 2, 1958, the basis shall be the basis determined under subsection (a), increased (but not above the fair market value of the property at the time of the gift) by the amount of gift tax paid with respect to such gift, or

(B) the property was acquired by gift before September 2, 1958, and has not been sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of before such date, the basis of the property shall be increased on such date by the amount of gift tax paid with respect to such gift, but such increase shall not exceed an amount equal to the amount by which the fair market value of the property at the time of the gift exceeded the basis of the property in the hands of the donor at the time of the gift.

(2) Amount of tax paid with respect to gift

For purposes of paragraph (1), the amount of gift tax paid with respect to any gift is an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of gift tax paid under chapter 12 with respect to all gifts made by the donor for the calendar year (or preceding calendar period) in which such gift is made as the amount of such gift bears to the taxable gifts (as defined in section 2503(a) but computed without the deduction allowed by section 2521) made by the donor during such calendar year or period. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the amount of any gift shall be the amount included with respect to such gift in determining (for the purposes of section 2503(a)) the total amount of gifts made during the calendar year or period, reduced by the amount of any deduction allowed with respect to such gift under section 2522 (relating to charitable deduction) or under section 2523 (relating to marital deduction).

(3) Gifts treated as made one-half by each spouse

For purposes of paragraph (1), where the donor and his spouse elected, under section 2513 to have the gift considered as made one-half by each, the amount of gift tax paid with respect to such gift under chapter 12 shall be the sum of the amounts of tax paid with respect to each half of such gift (computed in the manner provided in paragraph (2)).

(4) Treatment as adjustment to basis

For purposes of section 1016(b), an increase in basis under paragraph (1) shall be treated as an adjustment under section 1016(a).

(5) Application to gifts before 1955

With respect to any property acquired by gift before 1955, references in this subsection to any provision of this title shall be deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 or prior revenue laws which was effective for the year in which such gift was made.

(6) Special rule for gifts made after December 31, 1976

(A) In general

In the case of any gift made after December 31, 1976, the increase in basis provided by this subsection with respect to any gift for the gift tax paid under chapter 12 shall be an amount (not in excess of the amount of tax so paid) which bears the same ratio to the amount of tax so paid as—

(i) the net appreciation in value of the gift, bears to

(ii) the amount of the gift.

(B) Net appreciation

For purposes of paragraph (1), the net appreciation in value of any gift is the amount by which the fair market value of the gift exceeds the donor's adjusted basis immediately before the gift.

(e) Gifts between spouses

In the case of any property acquired by gift in a transfer described in section 1041(a), the basis of such property in the hands of the transferee shall be determined under section 1041(b)(2) and not this section.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 298; Pub. L. 85–866, title I, §43(a), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1640; Pub. L. 91–614, title I, §102(d)(1), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1841; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §§1901(a)(122), 1906(b) (13)(A), title XX, §2005(c), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1784, 1834, 1877; Pub. L. 97–34, title IV, §442(d)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 322; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §421(b)(5), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 794.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2521, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 94–455, title XX, §2001(b)(3), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1849.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1939, referred to in subsec. (d)(5), is act Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, 53 Stat. 1. Prior to the enactment of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the 1939 Code was classified to former Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. For table of comparisons of the 1939 Code to the 1986 Code, see Table I preceding section 1 of this title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–369 added subsec. (e).

1981—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 97–34 substituted "calendar year (or preceding calendar period)" for "calendar quarter (or calendar year if the gift was made before January 1, 1971)" and "calendar year or period" for "calendar quarter or year" in two places.

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" in four places.

Subsec. (d)(1)(A), (B). Pub. L. 94–455, §1901(a)(122), substituted "September 2, 1958" for "the date of enactment of the Technical Amendments Act of 1958".

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 94–455, §2005(c), added par. (6).

1970—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 91–614 substituted "calendar quarter (or calendar year if the gift was made before January 1, 1971)" for "calendar year" the first place it appears and "calendar quarter or year" for "calendar year" every other place it appears.

1958—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85–866 added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable to transfers after July 18, 1984, in taxable years ending after such date, subject to election to have amendment apply to transfers after 1983 or to transfers pursuant to existing decrees, see section 421(d) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1041 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–34 applicable with respect to gifts made after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 442(e) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by section 1901(a)(122) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–455, title XX, §2005(f), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1878, as amended by Pub. L. 95–600, title V, §515(6), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2884, provided that:

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting sections 1023, 1040, 6039A, and 6694 of this title, amending sections 691, 1016, and 1246 of this title, and renumbering former section 1023 as 1024] shall apply in respect of decedents dying after December 31, 1979.

"(2) The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall apply to gifts made after December 31, 1976."

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–614 applicable with respect to gifts made after Dec. 31, 1970, see section 102(e) of Pub. L. 91–614, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.

Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–866 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1953, and ending after Aug. 16, 1954, see section 1(c)(1) of Pub. L. 85–866, set out as a note under section 165 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 666 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 666: Accumulation distribution allocated to preceding years
Accumulation distribution allocated to preceding years
Status: in_force

(a) Amount allocated

In the case of a trust which is subject to subpart C, the amount of the accumulation distribution of such trust for a taxable year shall be deemed to be an amount within the meaning of paragraph (2) of section 661(a) distributed on the last day of each of the preceding taxable years, commencing with the earliest of such years, to the extent that such amount exceeds the total of any undistributed net income for all earlier preceding taxable years. The amount deemed to be distributed in any such preceding taxable year under the preceding sentence shall not exceed the undistributed net income for such preceding taxable year. For purposes of this subsection, undistributed net income for each of such preceding taxable years shall be computed without regard to such accumulation distribution and without regard to any accumulation distribution determined for any succeeding taxable year.

(b) Total taxes deemed distributed

If any portion of an accumulation distribution for any taxable year is deemed under subsection (a) to be an amount within the meaning of paragraph (2) of section 661(a) distributed on the last day of any preceding taxable year, and such portion of such distribution is not less than the undistributed net income for such preceding taxable year, the trust shall be deemed to have distributed on the last day of such preceding taxable year an additional amount within the meaning of paragraph (2) of section 661(a). Such additional amount shall be equal to the taxes (other than the tax imposed by section 55) imposed on the trust for such preceding taxable year attributable to the undistributed net income. For purposes of this subsection, the undistributed net income and the taxes imposed on the trust for such preceding taxable year attributable to such undistributed net income shall be computed without regard to such accumulation distribution and without regard to any accumulation distribution determined for any succeeding taxable year.

(c) Pro rata portion of taxes deemed distributed

If any portion of an accumulation distribution for any taxable year is deemed under subsection (a) to be an amount within the meaning of paragraph (2) of section 661(a) distributed on the last day of any preceding taxable year and such portion of the accumulation distribution is less than the undistributed net income for such preceding taxable year, the trust shall be deemed to have distributed on the last day of such preceding taxable year an additional amount within the meaning of paragraph (2) of section 661(a). Such additional amount shall be equal to the taxes (other than the tax imposed by section 55) imposed on the trust for such taxable year attributable to the undistributed net income multiplied by the ratio of the portion of the accumulation distribution to the undistributed net income of the trust for such year. For purposes of this subsection, the undistributed net income and the taxes imposed on the trust for such preceding taxable year attributable to such undistributed net income shall be computed without regard to the accumulation distribution and without regard to any accumulation distribution determined for any succeeding taxable year.

(d) Rule when information is not available

If adequate records are not available to determine the proper application of this subpart to an amount distributed by a trust, such amount shall be deemed to be an accumulation distribution consisting of undistributed net income earned during the earliest preceding taxable year of the trust in which it can be established that the trust was in existence.

(e) Denial of refund to trusts and beneficiaries

No refund or credit shall be allowed to a trust or a beneficiary of such trust for any preceding taxable year by reason of a distribution deemed to have been made by such trust in such year under this section.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 224; Pub. L. 87–834, §7(c), Oct. 16, 1962, 76 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 91–172, title III, §331(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 593; Pub. L. 94–455, title VII, §701(a)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1577; Pub. L. 95–600, title IV, §421(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2875; Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §104(a)(4)(H)(vi), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 218.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1980—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–222 inserted "(other than the tax imposed by section 55)" after "equal to the taxes".

1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–600 inserted "(other than the tax imposed by section 55)" after "equal to the taxes".

1976—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–455 added subsec. (e).

1969—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted in first sentence "In the case of a trust which is subject to subpart (C)" for "In the case of a trust (other than a foreign trust created by a United States person) which for a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1953, is subject to subpart (C)", "for a taxable year" for "for such taxable year", and "undistributed net income for all earlier preceding taxable years" for "undistributed net incomes for any taxable years intervening between the taxable year with respect to which the accumulation distribution is determined and such preceding taxable year" and in second sentence "for such" for "of such", inserted in first sentence ", commencing with the earliest of such years," after "preceding taxable years", struck out "5" before "preceding taxable years" in first and third sentences and last sentence which read as follows: "In the case of a foreign trust created by a United States person, this subsection shall apply to the preceding taxable years of the trust without regard to any provision of the preceding sentences which would (but for this sentence) limit its application to the 5 preceding taxable years."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–172 inserted "attributable to the undistributed net income" after "taxable year" in second sentence and "attributable to such undistributed net income" before "shall be computed" in third sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–172 inserted "attributable to the undistributed net income" before "multiplied by the ratio" in second sentence and "attributable to such undistributed net income" before "shall be computed" in third sentence.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172 added subsec. (d).

1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–834 inserted "(other than a foreign trust created by a United States person)" after "In the case of a trust", and inserted sentence making this subsection applicable, in the case of a foreign trust created by a United States person, to the preceding taxable years of the trust without regard to any provision of the preceding sentences of this subsection which would (but for this sentence) limit its application to the 5 preceding taxable years.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–222 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if it had been included in the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–600, to which such amendment relates, see section 201 of Pub. L. 96–222, set out as a note under section 32 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 421(g) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable to distributions made in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 701(h) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 667 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1968, except that for taxable years of a trust beginning before Jan. 1, 1970, first sentence of subsec. (a) not applicable and amount of accumulation distribution stated, see section 331(d)(1), (2)(B) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 665 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–834 applicable with respect to distributions made after Dec. 31, 1962, see section 7(j) of Pub. L. 87–834, set out as a note under section 643 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5003 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5003: Cross references to exemptions, etc.
Cross references to exemptions, etc.
Status: in_force

(1) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of distilled spirits free of tax for use by Federal or State agencies, see sections 5214(a)(2) and 5313.

(2) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of distilled spirits free of tax by nonprofit educational organizations, scientific universities or colleges of learning, laboratories, hospitals, blood banks, sanitariums, and charitable clinics, see section 5214(a)(3).

(3) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of certain imported distilled spirits from customs custody without payment of tax, see section 5232.

(4) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of denatured distilled spirits free of tax, see section 5214(a)(1).

(5) For provisions exempting from tax distilled spirits for use in production of vinegar by the vaporizing process, see section 5505(j).

(6) For provisions relating to the withdrawal of wine spirits without payment of tax for use in the production of wine, see section 5373.

(7) For provisions exempting from tax volatile fruit-flavor concentrates, see section 5511.

(8) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of distilled spirits from bonded premises without payment of tax for export, see section 5214(a)(4).

(9) For provisions authorizing withdrawal of distilled spirits without payment of tax to customs bonded warehouses for export, see section 5214(a)(9).

(10) For provisions relating to withdrawal of distilled spirits without payment of tax as supplies for certain vessels and aircraft, see 19 U.S.C. 1309.

(11) For provisions authorizing regulations for withdrawal of distilled spirits for use of United States free of tax, see section 7510.

(12) For provisions relating to withdrawal of distilled spirits without payment of tax to foreign-trade zones, see 19 U.S.C. 81c.

(13) For provisions relating to exemption from tax of taxable articles going into the possessions of the United States, see section 7653(b).

(14) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of distilled spirits without payment of tax for use in certain research, development, or testing, see section 5214(a)(10).

(15) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of distilled spirits without payment of tax for transfer to manufacturing bonded warehouses for manufacturing for export, see section 5214(a)(6).

(16) For provisions authorizing the withdrawal of articles from the bonded premises of a distilled spirits plant free of tax when contained in an article, see section 5214(a)(11).

(17) For provisions relating to allowance for certain losses in bond, see section 5008(a).

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1316; amended Pub. L. 95–176, §§3(c), 4(f), Nov. 14, 1977, 91 Stat. 1365, 1366; Pub. L. 96–39, title VIII, §807(a)(1), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 280.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5003, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 597, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

1979—Par. (9). Pub. L. 96–39, §807(a)(1)(A), struck out "section 5522(a) and" before "section 5214(a)(9)".

Pars. (15) to (17). Pub. L. 96–39, §807(a)(1)(B), added pars. (15) and (16) and redesignated former par. (15) as (17).

1977—Par. (9). Pub. L. 95–176, §3(c), struck out "manufacturing" after "customs" and inserted reference to section 5214(a)(9).

Par. (14). Pub. L. 95–176, §4(f), substituted "withdrawal of distilled spirits without payment of tax for use in certain research, development, or testing, see section 5214(a)(10)" for "removal of samples free of tax for making tests or laboratory analyses, see section 5214(a)(9)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 810 of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–176, §7, Nov. 14, 1977, 91 Stat. 1367, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 5004, 5005, 5008, 5025, 5062, 5066, 5175, 5178, 5205, 5207, 5214, 5215, and 5234 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar month which begins more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 14, 1977]."
26 U.S.C. § 5555 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Subchapter I / Section 5555: Records, statements, and returns
Records, statements, and returns
Status: in_force

(a) General

Every person liable to any tax imposed by this chapter, or for the collection thereof, shall keep such records, render such statements, make such returns, and comply with such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. The Secretary shall permit a person to employ a unified system for any records, statements, and returns required to be kept, rendered, or made under this section for any beer produced in the brewery for which the tax imposed by section 5051 has been determined, including any beer which has been removed for consumption on the premises of the brewery.

(b) Authority to waive

Whenever in this chapter any record is required to be made or kept, or statement or return is required to be made by any person, the Secretary may by regulation waive, in whole or in part, such requirement when he deems such requirement to no longer serve a necessary purpose. This subsection shall not be construed as authorizing the waiver of the payment of any tax.

(c) Photographic copies

Whenever in this chapter any record is required to be made and preserved by any person, the Secretary may by regulations authorize such person to record, copy, or reproduce by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, microcard, miniature photographic, or other process, which accurately reproduces or forms a durable medium for so reproducing the original of such record and to retain such reproduction in lieu of the original. Every person who is authorized to retain such reproduction in lieu of the original shall, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, preserve such reproduction in conveniently accessible files and make provision for examining, viewing, and using such reproduction the same as if it were the original. Such reproduction shall be treated and considered for all purposes as though it were the original record and all provisions of law applicable to the original shall be applicable to such reproduction. Such reproduction, or enlargement or facsimile thereof, shall be admissible in evidence in the same manner and under the same conditions as provided for the admission of reproductions, enlargements, or facsimiles of records made in the regular course of business under section 1732(b) of title 28 of the United States Code.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1395; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §454(c)(10), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 821; Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title II, §41112(a), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, §144(i)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3235; Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §106(i)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3045.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5555, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 681, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Prior section 5555(a), relating to general provisions respecting records, statements, and returns, is also incorporated in section 5207(b) to (d) of this title.

Prior section 5555(b), relating to authority to waive records, statements, and returns, is also incorporated in section 5505(g) of this title.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "The Secretary" for "For calendar quarters beginning after the date of the enactment of this sentence, and before January 1, 2021, the Secretary".

2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–94 substituted "January 1, 2021" for "January 1, 2020".

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–123 inserted at end "For calendar quarters beginning after the date of the enactment of this sentence, and before January 1, 2020, the Secretary shall permit a person to employ a unified system for any records, statements, and returns required to be kept, rendered, or made under this section for any beer produced in the brewery for which the tax imposed by section 5051 has been determined, including any beer which has been removed for consumption on the premises of the brewery."

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–369 struck out "or for the affixing of any stamp required to be affixed by this chapter," after "the collection thereof,".

1976—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §106(i)(2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3045, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to calendar quarters beginning after December 31, 2020."

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, §144(i)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3235, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to calendar quarters beginning after December 31, 2019."

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–123, div. D, title II, §41112(b), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 160, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to calendar quarters beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 9, 2018]."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effective July 1, 1985, see section 456(b) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5101 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 354 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter C / Section 354: Exchanges of stock and securities in certain reorganizations
Exchanges of stock and securities in certain reorganizations
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

(1) In general

No gain or loss shall be recognized if stock or securities in a corporation a party to a reorganization are, in pursuance of the plan of reorganization, exchanged solely for stock or securities in such corporation or in another corporation a party to the reorganization.

(2) Limitation

(A) Excess principal amount

Paragraph (1) shall not apply if—

(i) the principal amount of any such securities received exceeds the principal amount of any such securities surrendered, or

(ii) any such securities are received and no such securities are surrendered.

(B) Property attributable to accrued interest

Neither paragraph (1) nor so much of section 356 as relates to paragraph (1) shall apply to the extent that any stock (including nonqualified preferred stock, as defined in section 351(g)(2)), securities, or other property received is attributable to interest which has accrued on securities on or after the beginning of the holder's holding period.

(C) Nonqualified preferred stock

(i) In general

Nonqualified preferred stock (as defined in section 351(g)(2)) received in exchange for stock other than nonqualified preferred stock (as so defined) shall not be treated as stock or securities.

(ii) Recapitalizations of family-owned corporations

(I) In general

Clause (i) shall not apply in the case of a recapitalization under section 368(a)(1)(E) of a family-owned corporation.

(II) Family-owned corporation

For purposes of this clause, except as provided in regulations, the term "family-owned corporation" means any corporation which is described in clause (i) of section 447(d)(2)(C) 1 throughout the 8-year period beginning on the date which is 5 years before the date of the recapitalization. For purposes of the preceding sentence, stock shall not be treated as owned by a family member during any period described in section 355(d)(6)(B).

(III) Extension of statute of limitations

The statutory period for the assessment of any deficiency attributable to a corporation failing to be a family-owned corporation shall not expire before the expiration of 3 years after the date the Secretary is notified by the corporation (in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe) of such failure, and such deficiency may be assessed before the expiration of such 3-year period notwithstanding the provisions of any other law or rule of law which would otherwise prevent such assessment.

(3) Cross references

(A) For treatment of the exchange if any property is received which is not permitted to be received under this subsection (including nonqualified preferred stock and an excess principal amount of securities received over securities surrendered, but not including property to which paragraph (2)(B) applies), see section 356.

(B) For treatment of accrued interest in the case of an exchange described in paragraph (2)(B), see section 61.

(b) Exception

(1) In general

Subsection (a) shall not apply to an exchange in pursuance of a plan of reorganization within the meaning of subparagraph (D) or (G) of section 368(a)(1), unless—

(A) the corporation to which the assets are transferred acquires substantially all of the assets of the transferor of such assets; and

(B) the stock, securities, and other properties received by such transferor, as well as the other properties of such transferor, are distributed in pursuance of the plan of reorganization.

(2) Cross reference

For special rules for certain exchanges in pursuance of plans of reorganization within the meaning of subparagraph (D) or (G) of section 368(a)(1), see section 355.

(c) Certain railroad reorganizations

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, subsection (a)(1) (and so much of section 356 as relates to this section) shall apply with respect to a plan of reorganization (whether or not a reorganization within the meaning of section 368(a)) for a railroad confirmed under section 1173 of title 11 of the United States Code, as being in the public interest.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 112; Pub. L. 94–253, §1(c), Mar. 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 95–473, §2(a)(2)(F), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 96–589, §§4(e)(1), (h)(1), 6(i)(2), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3403, 3404, 3410; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11801(c)(8)(D), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–524; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §304(c), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, §1014(b), (e)(1), (2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 920, 921; Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6010(e)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 814.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 447(d), referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii)(II), was repealed and provisions not relating to family-owned corporations were redesignated as section 447(d) by Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13102(a)(5)(C), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2103.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 105–206 added subcl. (III).

1997—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–34, §1014(e)(1), inserted "(including nonqualified preferred stock, as defined in section 351(g)(2))" after "stock".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 105–34, §1014(b), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105–34, §1014(e)(2), inserted "nonqualified preferred stock and" after "subsection (including".

1995—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–88 struck out "or approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission under subchapter IV of chapter 113 of title 49," after "Code,".

1990—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508 struck out subsec. (d) "Exchanges under the final system plan for ConRail" which read as follows: "No gain or loss shall be recognized if stock or securities in a corporation are, in pursuance of an exchange to which paragraph (1) or (2) of section 374(c) applies, exchanged solely for stock of the Consolidated Rail Corporation, securities of such Corporation, certificates of value of the United States Railway Association, or any combination thereof."

1980—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–589, §4(e)(1), redesignated existing pars. (A) and (B) as par. (A)(i), (ii), and added par. (B).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 96–589, §4(e)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted provisions excluding property to which paragraph (2)(B) applies, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–589, §4(h)(1), substituted "subparagraph (D) or (G) of section 368(a)(1)" for "section 368(a)(1)(D)", wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–589, §6(i)(2), substituted "confirmed under section 1173 of title 11 of the United States Code, or approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission" for "approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission under section 77 of the Bankruptcy Act, or".

1978—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–473 substituted "subchapter IV of chapter 113 of title 49" for "section 20b of the Interstate Commerce Act".

1976—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–253 added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable, with certain exceptions, to transactions after June 8, 1997, see section 1014(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of Title 49, Transportation.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by section 4(e)(1) of Pub. L. 96–589 applicable to bankruptcy cases or similar judicial proceedings commencing after Dec. 31, 1980, and to exchanges which occur after Dec. 31, 1980, and which do not occur in a bankruptcy case or similar judicial proceeding or in a proceeding under Title 11, Bankruptcy, commenced on or before Dec. 31, 1980, with an exception permitting the debtor to make the amendment applicable to such cases, proceedings or exchanges commencing after Sept. 30, 1979, see section 7(c), (f) of Pub. L. 96–589, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.

Amendment by section 4(h)(1) of Pub. L. 96–589 applicable to bankruptcy cases or similar judicial proceedings commencing after Dec. 31, 1980, with an exception permitting the debtor to make the amendment applicable to such cases or proceedings commencing after Sept. 30, 1979, see section 7(c)(1), (f) of Pub. L. 96–589, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.

Amendment by section 6(i)(2) of Pub. L. 96–589 effective Oct. 1, 1979, but not applicable to any proceeding under Title 11 commenced before Oct. 1, 1979, see section 7(e) of Pub. L. 96–589, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–253, §2, Mar. 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 297, provided that: "The amendments made by section 1 [amending this section and sections 356, 358, and 374 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending after March 31, 1976."

Savings Provision

For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.

Abolition of United States Railway Association and Transfer of Functions

United States Railway Association abolished effective Apr. 1, 1987, all powers, duties, rights, and obligations of Association relating to Consolidated Rail Corporation under Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 701 et seq.) transferred to Secretary of Transportation on Jan. 1, 1987, and any securities of Corporation held by Association transferred to Secretary of Transportation on Oct. 21, 1986, see section 1341 of Title 45, Railroads.

1 See References in Text note below.
26 U.S.C. § 7122 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 74 / Section 7122: Compromises
Compromises
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

The Secretary may compromise any civil or criminal case arising under the internal revenue laws prior to reference to the Department of Justice for prosecution or defense; and the Attorney General or his delegate may compromise any such case after reference to the Department of Justice for prosecution or defense.

(b) Record

Whenever a compromise is made by the Secretary in any case, there shall be placed on file in the office of the Secretary the opinion of the General Counsel for the Department of the Treasury or his delegate, with his reasons therefor, with a statement of—

(1) The amount of tax assessed,

(2) The amount of interest, additional amount, addition to the tax, or assessable penalty, imposed by law on the person against whom the tax is assessed, and

(3) The amount actually paid in accordance with the terms of the compromise.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subsection, no such opinion shall be required with respect to the compromise of any civil case in which the unpaid amount of tax assessed (including any interest, additional amount, addition to the tax, or assessable penalty) is less than $50,000. However, such compromise shall be subject to continuing quality review by the Secretary.

(c) Rules for submission of offers-in-compromise

(1) Partial payment required with submission

(A) Lump-sum offers

(i) In general

The submission of any lump-sum offer-in-compromise shall be accompanied by the payment of 20 percent of the amount of such offer.

(ii) Lump-sum offer-in-compromise

For purposes of this section, the term "lump-sum offer-in-compromise" means any offer of payments made in 5 or fewer installments.

(B) Periodic payment offers

(i) In general

The submission of any periodic payment offer-in-compromise shall be accompanied by the payment of the amount of the first proposed installment.

(ii) Failure to make installment during pendency of offer

Any failure to make an installment (other than the first installment) due under such offer-in-compromise during the period such offer is being evaluated by the Secretary may be treated by the Secretary as a withdrawal of such offer-in-compromise.

(2) Rules of application

(A) Use of payment

The application of any payment made under this subsection to the assessed tax or other amounts imposed under this title with respect to such tax may be specified by the taxpayer.

(B) Application of user fee

In the case of any assessed tax or other amounts imposed under this title with respect to such tax which is the subject of an offer-in-compromise to which this subsection applies, such tax or other amounts shall be reduced by any user fee imposed under this title with respect to such offer-in-compromise.

(C) Waiver authority

The Secretary may issue regulations waiving any payment required under paragraph (1) in a manner consistent with the practices established in accordance with the requirements under subsection (d)(3).

(3) Exception for low-income taxpayers

Paragraph (1), and any user fee otherwise required in connection with the submission of an offer-in-compromise, shall not apply to any offer-in-compromise with respect to a taxpayer who is an individual with adjusted gross income, as determined for the most recent taxable year for which such information is available, which does not exceed 250 percent of the applicable poverty level (as determined by the Secretary).

(d) Standards for evaluation of offers

(1) In general

The Secretary shall prescribe guidelines for officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service to determine whether an offer-in-compromise is adequate and should be accepted to resolve a dispute.

(2) Allowances for basic living expenses

(A) In general

In prescribing guidelines under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop and publish schedules of national and local allowances designed to provide that taxpayers entering into a compromise have an adequate means to provide for basic living expenses.

(B) Use of schedules

The guidelines shall provide that officers and employees of the Internal Revenue Service shall determine, on the basis of the facts and circumstances of each taxpayer, whether the use of the schedules published under subparagraph (A) is appropriate and shall not use the schedules to the extent such use would result in the taxpayer not having adequate means to provide for basic living expenses.

(3) Special rules relating to treatment of offers

The guidelines under paragraph (1) shall provide that—

(A) an officer or employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall not reject an offer-in-compromise from a low-income taxpayer solely on the basis of the amount of the offer,

(B) in the case of an offer-in-compromise which relates only to issues of liability of the taxpayer—

(i) such offer shall not be rejected solely because the Secretary is unable to locate the taxpayer's return or return information for verification of such liability; and

(ii) the taxpayer shall not be required to provide a financial statement, and

(C) any offer-in-compromise which does not meet the requirements of subparagraph (A)(i) or (B)(i), as the case may be, of subsection (c)(1) may be returned to the taxpayer as unprocessable.

(e) Administrative review

The Secretary shall establish procedures—

(1) for an independent administrative review of any rejection of a proposed offer-in-compromise or installment agreement made by a taxpayer under this section or section 6159 before such rejection is communicated to the taxpayer; and

(2) which allow a taxpayer to appeal any rejection of such offer or agreement to the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals.

(f) Deemed acceptance of offer not rejected within certain period

Any offer-in-compromise submitted under this section shall be deemed to be accepted by the Secretary if such offer is not rejected by the Secretary before the date which is 24 months after the date of the submission of such offer. For purposes of the preceding sentence, any period during which any tax liability which is the subject of such offer-in-compromise is in dispute in any judicial proceeding shall not be taken into account in determining the expiration of the 24-month period.

(g) Frivolous submissions, etc.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if the Secretary determines that any portion of an application for an offer-in-compromise or installment agreement submitted under this section or section 6159 meets the requirement of clause (i) or (ii) of section 6702(b)(2)(A), then the Secretary may treat such portion as if it were never submitted and such portion shall not be subject to any further administrative or judicial review.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 849; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 104–168, title V, §503(a), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1461; Pub. L. 105–206, title III, §3462(a), (c)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 764, 766; Pub. L. 109–222, title V, §509(a), (b), May 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 362, 363; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, §407(d), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2962; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §220(y), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4036; Pub. L. 116–25, title I, §§1001(b)(1)(F), 1102(a), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 985, 986.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 116–25, §1102(a), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 116–25, §1001(b)(1)(F), substituted "Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals" for "Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals".

2014—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 113–295 redesignated subsec. (f) relating to frivolous submissions as (g).

2006—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–222, §509(a), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–222, §509(a), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(3)(C). Pub. L. 109–222, §509(b)(1), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–222, §509(a), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–432 added subsec. (f) relating to frivolous submissions.

Pub. L. 109–222, §509(b)(2), added subsec. (f) relating to deemed acceptance of offer not rejected within certain period.

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–206, §3462(a), added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–206, §3462(c)(1), added subsec. (d).

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–168 substituted "$50,000. However, such compromise shall be subject to continuing quality review by the Secretary." for "$500."

1976—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–25, title I, §1102(b), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 986, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to offers-in-compromise submitted after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 1, 2019]."

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–432 applicable to submissions made and issues raised after the date on which the Secretary first prescribes a list under section 6702(c) of this title, see section 407(f) of Pub. L. 109–432, set out as a note under section 6320 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–222 applicable to offers-in-compromise submitted on and after the date which is 60 days after May 17, 2006, see section 509(d) of Pub. L. 109–222, set out as a note under section 6159 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 applicable to proposed offers-in-compromise and installment agreements submitted after July 22, 1998, see section 3462(e)(1) of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 6331 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–168, title V, §503(b), July 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 1461, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 30, 1996]."

Preparation of Statement Relating to Offers-in-Compromise

Pub. L. 105–206, title III, §3462(d), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 766, provided that: "The Secretary of the Treasury shall prepare a statement which sets forth in simple, nontechnical terms the rights of a taxpayer and the obligations of the Internal Revenue Service relating to offers-in-compromise. Such statement shall—

"(1) advise taxpayers who have entered into a compromise of the advantages of promptly notifying the Internal Revenue Service of any change of address or marital status;

"(2) provide notice to taxpayers that in the case of a compromise terminated due to the actions of one spouse or former spouse, the Internal Revenue Service will, upon application, reinstate such compromise with the spouse or former spouse who remains in compliance with such compromise; and

"(3) provide notice to the taxpayer that the taxpayer may appeal the rejection of an offer-in-compromise to the Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals [now Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals]."
26 U.S.C. § 673 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 673: Reversionary interests
Reversionary interests
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

The grantor shall be treated as the owner of any portion of a trust in which he has a reversionary interest in either the corpus or the income therefrom, if, as of the inception of that portion of the trust, the value of such interest exceeds 5 percent of the value of such portion.

(b) Reversionary interest taking effect at death of minor lineal descendant beneficiary

In the case of any beneficiary who—

(1) is a lineal descendant of the grantor, and

(2) holds all of the present interests in any portion of a trust,

the grantor shall not be treated under subsection (a) as the owner of such portion solely by reason of a reversionary interest in such portion which takes effect upon the death of such beneficiary before such beneficiary attains age 21.

(c) Special rule for determining value of reversionary interest

For purposes of subsection (a), the value of the grantor's reversionary interest shall be determined by assuming the maximum exercise of discretion in favor of the grantor.

(d) Postponement of date specified for reacquisition

Any postponement of the date specified for the reacquisition of possession or enjoyment of the reversionary interest shall be treated as a new transfer in trust commencing with the date on which the postponement is effective and terminating with the date prescribed by the postponement. However, income for any period shall not be included in the income of the grantor by reason of the preceding sentence if such income would not be so includible in the absence of such postponement.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 227; Pub. L. 91–172, title II, §201(c), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 560; Pub. L. 99–514, title XIV, §1402(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2711; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1014(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3559.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 100–647 added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1986—Pub. L. 99–514 amended section generally, substituting "the value of such interest exceeds 5 percent of the value of such portion" for "the interest will or may reasonably be expected to take effect in possession or enjoyment within 10 years commencing with the date of the transfer of that portion of the trust" in subsec. (a), adding subsec. (b), striking out subsec. (c) which provided that the grantor not be treated under subsec. (a) as the owner of any portion of a trust where his reversionary interest in such portion was not to take effect in possession or enjoyment until the death of the persons to whom the income therefrom was payable, and subsec. (d) which provided that any postponement of the date specified for the reacquisition of possession or enjoyment of the reversionary interest be treated as a new transfer in trust commencing with the date on which the postponement was effected and terminating with the date prescribed by the postponement.

1969—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–172 struck out provisions relating to trusts where the income was payable to a charitable beneficiary for at least a two-year period.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–514, title XIV, §1402(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2712, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 674, 676, and 677 of this title] shall apply with respect to transfers in trust made after March 1, 1986.

"(2) Transfers pursuant to property settlement agreement.—The amendments made by this section shall not apply to any transfer in trust made after March 1, 1986, pursuant to a binding property settlement agreement entered into on or before March 1, 1986, which required the taxpayer to establish a grantor trust and for the transfer of a specified sum of money or property to the trust by the taxpayer. This paragraph shall apply only to the extent of the amount required to be transferred under the agreement described in the preceding sentence."

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to transfers in trust made after April 22, 1969, see section 201(g)(3) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6034A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6034A: Information to beneficiaries of estates and trusts
Information to beneficiaries of estates and trusts
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

The fiduciary of any estate or trust required to file a return under section 6012(a) for any taxable year shall, on or before the date on which such return was required to be filed, furnish to each beneficiary (or nominee thereof)—

(1) who receives a distribution from such estate or trust with respect to such taxable year, or

(2) to whom any item with respect to such taxable year is allocated,

a statement containing such information required to be shown on such return as the Secretary may prescribe.

(b) Nominee reporting

Any person who holds an interest in an estate or trust as a nominee for another person—

(1) shall furnish to the estate or trust, in the manner prescribed by the Secretary, the name and address of such other person, and any other information for the taxable year as the Secretary may by form and regulations prescribe, and

(2) shall furnish in the manner prescribed by the Secretary to such other person the information provided by the estate or trust under subsection (a).

(c) Beneficiary's return must be consistent with estate or trust return or Secretary notified of inconsistency

(1) In general

A beneficiary of any estate or trust to which subsection (a) applies shall, on such beneficiary's return, treat any reported item in a manner which is consistent with the treatment of such item on the applicable entity's return.

(2) Notification of inconsistent treatment

(A) In general

In the case of any reported item, if—

(i)(I) the applicable entity has filed a return but the beneficiary's treatment on such beneficiary's return is (or may be) inconsistent with the treatment of the item on the applicable entity's return, or

(II) the applicable entity has not filed a return, and

(ii) the beneficiary files with the Secretary a statement identifying the inconsistency,

paragraph (1) shall not apply to such item.

(B) Beneficiary receiving incorrect information

A beneficiary shall be treated as having complied with clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) with respect to a reported item if the beneficiary—

(i) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the treatment of the reported item on the beneficiary's return is consistent with the treatment of the item on the statement furnished under subsection (a) to the beneficiary by the applicable entity, and

(ii) elects to have this paragraph apply with respect to that item.

(3) Effect of failure to notify

In any case—

(A) described in subparagraph (A)(i)(I) of paragraph (2), and

(B) in which the beneficiary does not comply with subparagraph (A)(ii) of paragraph (2),

any adjustment required to make the treatment of the items by such beneficiary consistent with the treatment of the items on the applicable entity's return shall be treated as arising out of mathematical or clerical errors and assessed according to section 6213(b)(1). Paragraph (2) of section 6213(b) shall not apply to any assessment referred to in the preceding sentence.

(4) Definitions

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) Reported item

The term "reported item" means any item for which information is required to be furnished under subsection (a).

(B) Applicable entity

The term "applicable entity" means the estate or trust of which the taxpayer is the beneficiary.

(5) Addition to tax for failure to comply with section

For addition to tax in the case of a beneficiary's negligence in connection with, or disregard of, the requirements of this section, see part II of subchapter A of chapter 68.

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §714(q)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 965; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XV, §1501(c)(15), title XVIII, §1875(d)(3)(A), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2740, 2896; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, §1027(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 925.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1997—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–34 added subsec. (c).

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514, §1501(c)(15), in introductory provisions, substituted "required to file a return" for "making the return required to be filed" and "was required to be filed" for "was filed", and in concluding provisions, substituted "required to be shown on such return" for "shown on such return".

Pub. L. 99–514, §1875(d)(3)(A)(i), (ii), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading "General rule", and substituted "each beneficiary (or nominee thereof)" for "each beneficiary" in text.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514, §1875(d)(3)(A)(iii), added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–34, title X, §1027(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 926, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6048 of this title] shall apply to returns of beneficiaries and owners filed after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997]."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 1501(c)(15) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to returns the due date for which (determined without regard to extensions) is after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 1501(e) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6721 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1875(d)(3)(B), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2897, provided that: "The amendments made by this paragraph [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years of estates and trusts beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986]."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §714(q)(5), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 966, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [enacting this section and amending sections 6037 and 6678 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1984."

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6307 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 64 / Section 6307: Special compliance personnel program account
Special compliance personnel program account
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of a special compliance personnel program account

The Secretary shall establish an account within the Department for carrying out a program consisting of the hiring, training, and employment of special compliance personnel, and shall transfer to such account from time to time amounts retained by the Secretary under section 6306(e)(2).

(b) Restrictions

The program described in subsection (a) shall be subject to the following restrictions:

(1) No funds shall be transferred to such account except as described in subsection (a).

(2) No other funds from any other source shall be expended for special compliance personnel employed under such program.

(3) Notwithstanding any other authority, the Secretary is prohibited from spending funds out of such account for other than program costs.

(c) Reporting

Not later than March of each year, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall submit a report to the Committees on Finance and Appropriations of the Senate and the Committees on Ways and Means and Appropriations of the House of Representatives consisting of the following:

(1) For the preceding fiscal year, all funds received in the account established under subsection (a), administrative and program costs for the program described in such subsection, the number of special compliance personnel hired and employed under the program, and the amount of revenue actually collected by such personnel.

(2) For the current fiscal year, all actual and estimated funds received or to be received in the account, all actual and estimated administrative and program costs, the number of all actual and estimated special compliance personnel hired and employed under the program, and the actual and estimated revenue actually collected or to be collected by such personnel.

(3) For the following fiscal year, an estimate of all funds to be received in the account, all estimated administrative and program costs, the estimated number of special compliance personnel hired and employed under the program, and the estimated revenue to be collected by such personnel.

(d) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Special compliance personnel

The term "special compliance personnel" means individuals employed by the Internal Revenue Service as field function collection officers or in a similar position, or employed to collect taxes using the automated collection system or an equivalent replacement system.

(2) Program costs

The term "program costs" means—

(A) total salaries (including locality pay and bonuses), benefits, and employment taxes for special compliance personnel employed or trained under the program described in subsection (a),

(B) direct overhead costs, salaries, benefits, and employment taxes relating to support staff, rental payments, office equipment and furniture, travel, data processing services, vehicle costs, utilities, communications, software, technology, postage, printing and reproduction, supplies and materials, lands and structures, insurance claims, and indemnities for special compliance personnel hired and employed under this section, and

(C) reimbursement of the Internal Revenue Service or other government agencies for the cost of administering the qualified tax collection program under section 6306.

For purposes of subparagraph (B), the cost of management and supervision of special compliance personnel shall be taken into account as direct overhead costs to the extent such costs, when included in total program costs under this paragraph, do not represent more than 10 percent of such total costs.

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. C, title XXXII, §32103(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1736; amended Pub. L. 116–25, title I, §1205(d), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 989.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–25, §1205(d)(1)(A), substituted period for ", and no funds from such account shall be expended for the hiring of any personnel other than special compliance personnel."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 116–25, §1205(d)(1)(B), substituted "for other than program costs." for "for any purpose other than for costs under such program associated with the employment of special compliance personnel and the retraining and reassignment of current noncollections personnel as special compliance personnel, and to reimburse the Internal Revenue Service or other government agencies for the cost of administering qualified tax collection contracts under section 6306."

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 116–25, §1205(d)(2), substituted "communications, software, technology" for "telecommunications".

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 116–25, §1205(d)(3), added subpar. (C).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–25 applicable to amounts expended from the special compliance personnel program account after July 1, 2019, see section 1205(e)(3) of Pub. L. 116–25, set out in a note under section 6306 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5414 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5414: Transfer of beer between bonded facilities
Transfer of beer between bonded facilities
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Beer may be removed from one brewery to another brewery, without payment of tax, and may be mingled with beer at the receiving brewery, subject to such conditions, including payment of the tax, and in such containers, as the Secretary by regulations shall prescribe, which shall include—

(1) any removal from one brewery to another brewery belonging to the same brewer,

(2) any removal from a brewery owned by one corporation to a brewery owned by another corporation when—

(A) one such corporation owns the controlling interest in the other such corporation, or

(B) the controlling interest in each such corporation is owned by the same person or persons, and

(3) any removal from one brewery to another brewery when—

(A) the proprietors of transferring and receiving premises are independent of each other and neither has a proprietary interest, directly or indirectly, in the business of the other, and

(B) the transferor has divested itself of all interest in the beer so transferred and the transferee has accepted responsibility for payment of the tax.

(b) Transfer of liability for tax

For purposes of subsection (a)(3), such relief from liability shall be effective from the time of removal from the transferor's premises, or from the time of divestment of interest, whichever is later.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1389; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13803(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2172; Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, §144(c)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3235; Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §106(c)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3042.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5414, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 675, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to removals of beer from one brewery to another belonging to the same brewer.

2019—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 116–94 substituted "December 31, 2020" for "December 31, 2019".

2017—Pub. L. 115–97 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §106(c)(2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3043, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to any calendar quarters beginning after December 31, 2020."

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–94, div. Q, title I, §144(c)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3235, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to calendar quarters beginning after December 31, 2019."

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to any calendar quarters beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 13803(c) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 5412 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 463 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 463: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-203, title X, §10201(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-387
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-203, title X, §10201(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-387
Status: repealed

[§463. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10201(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–387]

Section, added Pub. L. 93–625, §4(a), Jan. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 2109; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title V, §561(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 901; Pub. L. 99–514, title XI, §1165(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2511, related to deduction allowable for accrual basis taxpayers under section 162(a) of this title with respect to vacation pay.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1987, see section 10201(c)(1) of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as an Effective Date of 1987 Amendment note under section 404 of this title.

Change in Method of Accounting Required by Pub. L. 100–203

Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10201(c)(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–388, provided that: "In the case of any taxpayer who elected to have section 463 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 apply for such taxpayer's last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1988, and who is required to change his method of accounting by reason of the amendments made by this section [amending sections 404, 419, and 461 of this title, repealing sections 81 and 463 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 404 of this title]—

"(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer,

"(B) such change shall be treated as having been made with the consent of the Secretary, and

"(C) the net amount of adjustments required by section 481 of such Code to be taken into account by the taxpayer—

"(i) shall be reduced by the balance in the suspense account under section 463(c) of such Code as of the close of such last taxable year, and

"(ii) shall be taken into account over the 4-taxable year period beginning with the taxable year following such last taxable year as follows:

 

 "In the case of the:The percentage taken into
account is:

1st year 
25  

2nd year 
5  

3rd year 
35  

4th year 
35.

Notwithstanding subparagraph (C)(ii), if the period the adjustments are required to be taken into account under section 481 of such Code is less than 4 years, such adjustments shall be taken into account ratably over such shorter period."
26 U.S.C. § 6222 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 63 / Subchapter C / Section 6222: Partner's return must be consistent with partnership return
Partner's return must be consistent with partnership return
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A partner shall, on the partner's return, treat any partnership-related item in a manner which is consistent with the treatment of such item on the partnership return.

(b) Underpayment due to inconsistent treatment assessed as math error

Any underpayment of tax by a partner by reason of failing to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) shall be assessed and collected in the same manner as if such underpayment were on account of a mathematical or clerical error appearing on the partner's return. Paragraph (2) of section 6213(b) shall not apply to any assessment of an underpayment referred to in the preceding sentence.

(c) Exception for notification of inconsistent treatment

(1) In general

In the case of any item referred to in subsection (a), if—

(A)(i) the partnership has filed a return but the partner's treatment on the partner's return is (or may be) inconsistent with the treatment of the item on the partnership return, or

(ii) the partnership has not filed a return, and

(B) the partner files with the Secretary a statement identifying the inconsistency,

subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to such item.

(2) Partner receiving incorrect information

A partner shall be treated as having complied with subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) with respect to an item if the partner—

(A) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the treatment of the item on the partner's return is consistent with the treatment of the item on the statement furnished to the partner by the partnership, and

(B) elects to have this paragraph apply with respect to that item.

(d) Final decision on certain positions not binding on partnership

Any final decision with respect to an inconsistent position identified under subsection (c) in a proceeding to which the partnership is not a party shall not be binding on the partnership.

(e) Addition to tax for failure to comply with section

For addition to tax in the case of a partner's disregard of the requirements of this section, see part II of subchapter A of chapter 68.

(Added Pub. L. 114–74, title XI, §1101(c)(1), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 626; amended Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title II, §201(c)(3), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1173.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6222, added Pub. L. 97–248, title IV, §402(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 648; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XV, §1503(c)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2743; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7721(c)(7), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2400, required partner's return to be consistent with partnership return or Secretary to be notified of inconsistency, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–74, title XI, §1101(a), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 625.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–141 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A partner shall, on the partner's return, treat each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit attributable to a partnership in a manner which is consistent with the treatment of such income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit on the partnership return."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–141 effective as if included in section 1101 of Pub. L. 114–74, see section 207 of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 6031 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to returns filed for partnership taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, with certain exceptions, see section 1101(g) of Pub. L. 114–74, set out as a note under section 6221 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 7427 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 76 / Section 7427: Tax return preparers
Tax return preparers
Status: in_force

In any proceeding involving the issue of whether or not a tax return preparer has willfully attempted in any manner to understate the liability for tax (within the meaning of section 6694(b)), the burden of proof in respect to such issue shall be upon the Secretary.

(Added Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1203(b)(2)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1690; amended Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, §8246(a)(2)(J)(i), May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 202.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7427 was renumbered 7437 of this title.

Amendments

2007—Pub. L. 110–28 substituted "Tax return preparers" for "Income tax return preparers" in section catchline and "a tax return preparer" for "an income tax return preparer" in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–28 applicable to returns prepared after May 25, 2007, see section 8246(c) of Pub. L. 110–28, set out as a note under section 6060 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 7470A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 76 / Subchapter C / Section 7470A: Judicial conference
Judicial conference
Status: in_force

(a) Judicial conference

The chief judge may summon the judges and special trial judges of the Tax Court to an annual judicial conference, at such time and place as the chief judge shall designate, for the purpose of considering the business of the Tax Court and recommending means of improving the administration of justice within the jurisdiction of the Tax Court. The Tax Court shall provide by its rules for representation and active participation at such conferences by persons admitted to practice before the Tax Court and by other persons active in the legal profession.

(b) Registration fee

The Tax Court may impose a reasonable registration fee on persons (other than judges and special trial judges of the Tax Court) participating at judicial conferences convened pursuant to subsection (a). Amounts so received by the Tax Court shall be available to the Tax Court to defray the expenses of such conferences.

(Added Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title IV, §432(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3126.)
26 U.S.C. § 44G (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 44G: Renumbered §41
Renumbered §41
Status: renumbered

[§44G. Renumbered §41]
26 U.S.C. § 809 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter L / Section 809: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-218, title II, §205(a), Apr. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 610
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-218, title II, §205(a), Apr. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 610
Status: repealed

[§809. Repealed. Pub. L. 108–218, title II, §205(a), Apr. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 610]

Section, added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title II, §211(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 733; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1821(d)–(h), (r), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2839, 2840, 2843; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1018(u)(47), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3593; Pub. L. 107–147, title VI, §611(a), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 61, related to reduction in certain deductions of mutual life insurance companies.

A prior section 809, added Pub. L. 86–69, §2(a), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 121; amended Pub. L. 87–59, §2(a), (b), June 27, 1961, 75 Stat. 120; Pub. L. 87–790, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 87–858, §3(b)(3), (c), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §§214(b)(4), 228(a), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 55, 98; Pub. L. 91–172, title II, §201(a)(2)(C), title IX, §907(c)(2)(B), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 558, 717; Pub. L. 94–455, title XV, §1508(a), title XIX, §§1901(a)(98), (b)(1)(J)(iv), (L)–(N), 33(G), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1741, 1781, 1791, 1801, 1834; Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §§255(b)(2)–(4), 259(a), 264(c)(2), (3), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 534, 538, 544; Pub. L. 97–448, title I, §102(m)(1), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2374, related to general provisions regarding gain and loss from operations, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 98–369, §211(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, see section 205(c) of Pub. L. 108–218, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment note under section 807 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5684 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5684: Penalties relating to the payment and collection of liquor taxes
Penalties relating to the payment and collection of liquor taxes
Status: in_force

(a) Failure to pay tax

Whoever fails to pay any tax imposed by part I of subchapter A at the time prescribed shall, in addition to any other penalty provided in this title, be liable to a penalty of 5 percent of the tax due but unpaid.

(b) Applicability of section 6665

The penalties imposed by subsection (a) shall be assessed, collected, and paid in the same manner as taxes, as provided in section 6665(a).

(c) Cross references

(1) For provisions relating to interest in the case of taxes not paid when due, see section 6601.

(2) For penalty for failure to file tax return or pay tax, see section 6651.

(3) For additional penalties for failure to pay tax, see section 6653.

(4) For penalty for failure to make deposits or for overstatement of deposits, see section 6656.

(5) For penalty for attempt to evade or defeat any tax imposed by this title, see section 7201.

(6) For penalty for willful failure to file return, supply information, or pay tax, see section 7203.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1410; amended Pub. L. 91–172, title IX, §943(c)(4), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 728; Pub. L. 97–34, title VII, §§722(a)(3), 724(b)(4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 342, 345; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §§714(h)(1), 722(a)(5), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 962, 973; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7721(c)(3), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2399.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5684, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 699, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859. See section 5687 of this title and criminal and civil penalties of subtitle F of this title.

Amendments

1989—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–239 substituted "6665" for "6662" in heading and "6665(a)" for "6662(a)" in text.

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–369, §714(h)(1), substituted in heading "6662" for "6660" and in text "6662(a)" for "6660(a)".

Pub. L. 98–369, §722(a)(5), substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsections (a) and (b)".

1981—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–34, §724(b)(4)(A), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b). Former subsec. (b), which related to penalties for failure to make deposit of taxes, was struck out.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–34, §724(b)(4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c), added par. (4), and redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively. Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).

Pub. L. 97–34, §722(a)(3), substituted "6660" for "6659" in heading and text.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–34, §724(b)(4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

1969—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 91–172 inserted "or pay tax" after "tax return".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–239 applicable to returns the due date for which (determined without regard to extensions) is after Dec. 31, 1989, see section 7721(d) of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 461 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by section 714(h)(1) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective as if included in the provision of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, to which such amendment relates, see section 715 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

Amendment by section 722(a)(5) of Pub. L. 98–369 effective as if included in the provisions of the Technical Corrections Act of 1984, Pub. L. 97–448, to which such amendment relates, see section 722(a)(6) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 172 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–34, title VII, §722(a)(4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 342, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [enacting section 6659 of this title and amending this section and section 5761 of this title] shall apply to returns filed after December 31, 1981."

Amendment by section 724(b)(4) of Pub. L. 97–34 applicable to returns filed after Aug. 13, 1981, see section 724(c) of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 6656 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable with respect to tax returns the date prescribed by law for filing of which is after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 943(d) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 6651 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5844 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 53 / Section 5844: Importation
Importation
Status: in_force

No firearm shall be imported or brought into the United States or any territory under its control or jurisdiction unless the importer establishes, under regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary, that the firearm to be imported or brought in is—

(1) being imported or brought in for the use of the United States or any department, independent establishment, or agency thereof or any State or possession or any political subdivision thereof; or

(2) being imported or brought in for scientific or research purposes; or

(3) being imported or brought in solely for testing or use as a model by a registered manufacturer or solely for use as a sample by a registered importer or registered dealer;

except that, the Secretary may permit the conditional importation or bringing in of a firearm for examination and testing in connection with classifying the firearm.

(Added Pub. L. 90–618, title II, §201, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1230; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5844, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 725, related to exportation, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 90–618.

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in prior section 5845, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 725, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 90–618.

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.
26 U.S.C. § 5067 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5067: Reduced rates not allowed for smuggled or illegally produced beer, wine, or spirits
Reduced rates not allowed for smuggled or illegally produced beer, wine, or spirits
Status: in_force

In the case of beer, wine, or distilled spirits that are smuggled into the United States or produced other than as authorized by this chapter—

(1) the rates of tax under paragraphs (1)(A)(i) and (2) of section 5051(a) shall not apply in the case of any such beer,

(2) the credit under section 5041(c) shall not apply in the case of any such wine, and

(3) the rates of tax under section 5001(c) shall not apply in the case of any such distilled spirits.

(Added Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §108(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3049.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5067 was renumbered section 5068 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 116–260, div. EE, title I, §108(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3049, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and transferring former section 5067 of this title to section 5068 of this title] shall apply to beer, wine, or distilled spirits, as the case may be, produced after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2020]."
26 U.S.C. § 6709 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 68 / Section 6709: Penalties with respect to mortgage credit certificates
Penalties with respect to mortgage credit certificates
Status: in_force

(a) Negligence

If—

(1) any person makes a material misstatement in any verified written statement made under penalties of perjury with respect to the issuance of a mortgage credit certificate, and

(2) such misstatement is due to the negligence of such person,

such person shall pay a penalty of $1,000 for each mortgage credit certificate with respect to which such a misstatement was made.

(b) Fraud

If a misstatement described in subsection (a)(1) is due to fraud on the part of the person making such misstatement, in addition to any criminal penalty, such person shall pay a penalty of $10,000 for each mortgage credit certificate with respect to which such a misstatement is made.

(c) Reports

Any person required by section 25(g) to file a report with the Secretary who fails to file the report with respect to any mortgage credit certificate at the time and in the manner required by the Secretary shall pay a penalty of $200 for such failure unless it is shown that such failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect. In the case of any report required under the second sentence of section 25(g), the aggregate amount of the penalty imposed by the preceding sentence shall not exceed $2,000.

(d) Mortgage credit certificate

The term "mortgage credit certificate" has the meaning given to such term by section 25(c).

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VI, §612(d)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 912, §6708; renumbered §6709, Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1862(d)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2884.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to interest paid or accrued after Dec. 31, 1984, on indebtedness incurred after Dec. 31, 1984, see section 612(g) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 25 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 4422 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 35 / Subchapter C / Section 4422: Applicability of Federal and State laws
Applicability of Federal and State laws
Status: in_force

The payment of any tax imposed by this chapter with respect to any activity shall not exempt any person from any penalty provided by a law of the United States or of any State for engaging in the same activity, nor shall the payment of any such tax prohibit any State from placing a tax on the same activity for State or other purposes.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 528.)
26 U.S.C. § 1356 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1356: Qualifying shipping activities
Qualifying shipping activities
Status: in_force

(a) Qualifying shipping activities

For purposes of this subchapter, the term "qualifying shipping activities" means—

(1) core qualifying activities,

(2) qualifying secondary activities, and

(3) qualifying incidental activities.

(b) Core qualifying activities

For purposes of this subchapter, the term "core qualifying activities" means activities in operating qualifying vessels in United States foreign trade.

(c) Qualifying secondary activities

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

The term "qualifying secondary activities" means secondary activities but only to the extent that, without regard to this subchapter, the gross income derived by such corporation from such activities does not exceed 20 percent of the gross income derived by the corporation from its core qualifying activities.

(2) Secondary activities

The term "secondary activities" means—

(A) the active management or operation of vessels other than qualifying vessels in the United States foreign trade,

(B) the provision of vessel, barge, container, or cargo-related facilities or services to any person,

(C) other activities of the electing corporation and other members of its electing group that are an integral part of its business of operating qualifying vessels in United States foreign trade, including—

(i) ownership or operation of barges, containers, chassis, and other equipment that are the complement of, or used in connection with, a qualifying vessel in United States foreign trade,

(ii) the inland haulage of cargo shipped, or to be shipped, on qualifying vessels in United States foreign trade, and

(iii) the provision of terminal, maintenance, repair, logistical, or other vessel, barge, container, or cargo-related services that are an integral part of operating qualifying vessels in United States foreign trade, and

(D) such other activities as may be prescribed by the Secretary pursuant to regulations.

Such term shall not include any core qualifying activities.

(d) Qualifying incidental activities

For purposes of this section, the term "qualified incidental activities" means shipping-related activities if—

(1) they are incidental to the corporation's core qualifying activities,

(2) they are not qualifying secondary activities, and

(3) without regard to this subchapter, the gross income derived by such corporation from such activities does not exceed 0.1 percent of the corporation's gross income from its core qualifying activities.

(e) Application of gross income tests in case of electing group

In the case of an electing group, subsections (c)(1) and (d)(3) shall be applied as if such group were 1 entity, and the limitations under such subsections shall be allocated among the corporations in such group.

(Added Pub. L. 108–357, title II, §248(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1454; amended Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, §403(g)(3), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2624.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–135, §403(g)(3)(B), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–135, §403(g)(3)(A), struck out heading and text of par. (3). Text read as follows:

"(A) In general.—Such term shall not include any core qualifying activities.

"(B) Nonelecting corporations.—In the case of a corporation (other than an electing corporation) which is a member of an electing group, any core qualifying activities of the corporation shall be treated as qualifying secondary activities (and not as core qualifying activities)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendments by Pub. L. 109–135 effective as if included in the provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–357, to which they relate, see section 403(nn) of Pub. L. 109–135, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years beginning after Oct. 22, 2004, see section 248(c) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendments note under section 56 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 12 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 12: Cross references relating to tax on corporations
Cross references relating to tax on corporations
Status: in_force

(1) For tax on the unrelated business income of certain charitable and other corporations exempt from tax under this chapter, see section 511.

(2) For accumulated earnings tax and personal holding company tax, see parts I and II of subchapter G (sec. 531 and following).

(3) For doubling of tax on corporations of certain foreign countries, see section 891.

(4) For rate of withholding in case of foreign corporations, see section 1442.

(5) For alternative minimum tax, see section 55.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 11; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, §234(b)(4), Feb. 26, 1964, 78 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 91–172, title III, §301(b)(3), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 94–12, title III, §303(c)(2), Mar. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §301(b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2820; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title IV, §474(r)(29)(E), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 99–514, title VII, §701(e)(4)(B), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2343; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §§12001(b)(12), 13001(b)(2)(B), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2094, 2096; Pub. L. 117–169, title I, §10101(a)(4)(D), Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 1822.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Par. (5). Pub. L. 117–169 added par. (5).

2017—Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 115–97, §13001(b)(2)(B), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and struck out former pars. (4) and (6) which read as follows:

"(4) For alternative tax in case of capital gains, see section 1201(a).

"(6) For limitation on benefits of graduated rate schedule provided in section 11(b), see section 1551."

Par. (7). Pub. L. 115–97, §12001(b)(12), struck out par. (7) which read as follows: "For alternative minimum tax, see section 55."

1986—Par. (7). Pub. L. 99–514 amended par. (7) generally, substituting "alternative minimum tax" and "55" for "minimum tax for tax preferences" and "56", respectively.

1984—Pars. (6) to (8). Pub. L. 98–369 redesignated pars. (7) and (8) as (6) and (7), respectively. Former par. (6), which referred to section 1451 for withholding of tax on tax-free covenant bonds, was struck out.

1978—Par. (7). Pub. L. 95–600 substituted "benefits of graduated rate schedule provided in section 11(b)" for "the $25,000 exemption from surtax provided in section 11(c)".

1975—Par. (7). Pub. L. 94–12 substituted "$50,000" for "$25,000" for a limited period. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendment note set out below.

1969—Par. (8). Pub. L. 91–172 added par. (8).

1964—Par. (8). Pub. L. 88–272 struck out par. (8) which referred to section 1503 for additional tax for corporations filing consolidated returns.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–169 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2022, see section 10101(f) of Pub. L. 117–169, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by section 12001(b)(12) of Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 12001(c) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Amendment by section 13001(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 13001(c)(1) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 701(f) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 55 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 not applicable with respect to obligations issued before Jan. 1, 1984, see section 475(b) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 33 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1978, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1975 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–12 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1974, but to cease to apply for taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 305(b)(1) of Pub. L. 94–12, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years ending after Dec. 31, 1969, see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1964 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 88–272 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1963, see section 234(c) of Pub. L. 88–272, set out as a note under section 1503 of this title.

Applicability of Certain Amendments by Public Law 99–514 in Relation to Treaty Obligations of United States

For applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 notwithstanding any treaty obligation of the United States in effect on Oct. 22, 1986, see section 1012(aa)(2) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 861 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6112 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6112: Material advisors of reportable transactions must keep lists of advisees, etc.
Material advisors of reportable transactions must keep lists of advisees, etc.
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Each material advisor (as defined in section 6111) with respect to any reportable transaction (as defined in section 6707A(c)) shall (whether or not required to file a return under section 6111 with respect to such transaction) maintain (in such manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) a list—

(1) identifying each person with respect to whom such advisor acted as a material advisor with respect to such transaction, and

(2) containing such other information as the Secretary may by regulations require.

(b) Special rules

(1) Availability for inspection; retention of information on list

Any person who is required to maintain a list under subsection (a) (or was required to maintain a list under subsection (a) as in effect before the enactment of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004)—

(A) shall make such list available to the Secretary for inspection upon written request by the Secretary, and

(B) except as otherwise provided under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, shall retain any information which is required to be included on such list for 7 years.

(2) Lists which would be required to be maintained by 2 or more persons

The Secretary may prescribe regulations which provide that, in cases in which 2 or more persons are required under subsection (a) to maintain the same list (or portion thereof), only 1 person shall be required to maintain such list (or portion).

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §142(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 681; amended Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, §815(b)(2), (3), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1582; Pub. L. 109–135, title IV, §403(z), Dec. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2629.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Enactment of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), means enactment of Pub. L. 108–357, which was approved Oct. 22, 2004.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6112 was renumbered 6116 of this title.

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–135, in introductory provisions, inserted "(or was required to maintain a list under subsection (a) as in effect before the enactment of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004)" after "a list under subsection (a)".

2004—Pub. L. 108–357, §815(b)(2), substituted "Material advisors of reportable transactions must keep lists of advisees, etc." for "Organizers and sellers of potentially abusive tax shelters must keep lists of investors" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–357, §815(b)(2), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions requiring each material advisor to maintain a list identifying each person with respect to whom such advisor acted as a material advisor with respect to a reportable transaction and containing such other information as required by regulations, for provisions requiring any person who organized any potentially abusive tax shelter or sold any interest in such a shelter to maintain a list identifying each person who had been sold an interest in such shelter and containing such other information as required by regulations.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–357, §815(b)(2), (3)(A), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b), which defined "potentially abusive tax shelter" for purposes of this section.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–357, §815(b)(3)(B), inserted "written" before "request".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–357, §815(b)(3)(C), substituted "may prescribe" for "shall prescribe".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–357, §815(b)(3)(A), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–135 effective as if included in the provision of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–357, to which such amendment relates, see section 403(nn) of Pub. L. 109–135, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to transactions with respect to which material aid, assistance, or advice referred to in section 6111(b)(1)(A)(i) of this title is provided after Oct. 22, 2004, see section 815(c) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 6111 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §142(d), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 682, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and section 6708 of this title and renumbering former section 6112 as section 6113 of this title] shall apply to any interest which is first sold to any investor after August 31, 1984."
26 U.S.C. § 1282 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1282: Deferral of interest deduction allocable to accrued discount
Deferral of interest deduction allocable to accrued discount
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

Except as otherwise provided in this section, the net direct interest expense with respect to any short-term obligation shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year only to the extent such expense exceeds the sum of—

(1) the daily portions of the acquisition discount for each day during the taxable year on which the taxpayer held such obligation, and

(2) the amount of any interest payable on the obligation (other than interest taken into account in determining the amount of the acquisition discount) which accrues during the taxable year while the taxpayer held such obligation (and is not included in the gross income of the taxpayer for such taxable year by reason of the taxpayer's method of accounting).

(b) Section not to apply to obligations to which section 1281 applies

(1) In general

This section shall not apply to any short-term obligation to which section 1281 applies.

(2) Election to have section 1281 apply to all obligations

(A) In general

A taxpayer may make an election under this paragraph to have section 1281 apply to all short-term obligations acquired by the taxpayer on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year to which such election applies.

(B) Period to which election applies

An election under this paragraph shall apply to the taxable year for which it is made and for all subsequent taxable years, unless the taxpayer secures the consent of the Secretary to the revocation of such election.

(c) Certain rules made applicable

Rules similar to the rules of subsections (b) and (c) of section 1277 shall apply for purposes of this section.

(d) Cross reference

For special rules limiting the application of this section to original issue discount in the case of nongovernmental obligations, see section 1283(c).

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, §41(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 549; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1803(a)(8)(B), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2794.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514 amended subsec. (a) generally, designating existing provisions as par. (1) and adding par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, to which such amendment relates, see section 1881 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 48 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years ending after July 18, 1984, and to obligations acquired after that date, see section 44 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 1271 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 7327 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 75 / Subchapter C / Section 7327: Customs laws applicable
Customs laws applicable
Status: in_force

The provisions of law applicable to the remission or mitigation by the Secretary of forfeitures under the customs laws shall apply to forfeitures incurred or alleged to have been incurred under the internal revenue laws.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 871; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".
26 U.S.C. § 3511 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 25 / Section 3511: Certified professional employer organizations
Certified professional employer organizations
Status: in_force

(a) General rules

For purposes of the taxes, and other obligations, imposed by this subtitle—

(1) a certified professional employer organization shall be treated as the employer (and no other person shall be treated as the employer) of any work site employee performing services for any customer of such organization, but only with respect to remuneration remitted by such organization to such work site employee, and

(2) the exemptions, exclusions, definitions, and other rules which are based on type of employer and which would (but for paragraph (1)) apply shall apply with respect to such taxes imposed on such remuneration.

(b) Successor employer status

For purposes of sections 3121(a)(1), 3231(e)(2)(C), and 3306(b)(1)—

(1) a certified professional employer organization entering into a service contract with a customer with respect to a work site employee shall be treated as a successor employer and the customer shall be treated as a predecessor employer during the term of such service contract, and

(2) a customer whose service contract with a certified professional employer organization is terminated with respect to a work site employee shall be treated as a successor employer and the certified professional employer organization shall be treated as a predecessor employer.

(c) Liability of certified professional employer organization

Solely for purposes of its liability for the taxes and other obligations imposed by this subtitle—

(1) a certified professional employer organization shall be treated as the employer of any individual (other than a work site employee or a person described in subsection (f)) who is performing services covered by a contract meeting the requirements of section 7705(e)(2), but only with respect to remuneration remitted by such organization to such individual, and

(2) the exemptions, exclusions, definitions, and other rules which are based on type of employer and which would (but for paragraph (1)) apply shall apply with respect to such taxes imposed on such remuneration.

(d) Treatment of credits

(1) In general

For purposes of any credit specified in paragraph (2)—

(A) such credit with respect to a work site employee performing services for the customer applies to the customer, not the certified professional employer organization,

(B) the customer, and not the certified professional employer organization, shall take into account wages and employment taxes—

(i) paid by the certified professional employer organization with respect to the work site employee, and

(ii) for which the certified professional employer organization receives payment from the customer, and

(C) the certified professional employer organization shall furnish the customer and the Secretary with any information necessary for the customer to claim such credit.

(2) Credits specified

A credit is specified in this paragraph if such credit is allowed under—

(A) section 41 (credit for increasing research activity),

(B) section 45A (Indian employment credit),

(C) section 45B (credit for portion of employer social security taxes paid with respect to employee cash tips),

(D) section 45C (clinical testing expenses for certain drugs for rare diseases or conditions),

(E) section 45R (employee health insurance expenses of small employers),

(F) section 45AA (military spouse retirement plan eligibility credit),

(G) section 51 (work opportunity credit),

(H) section 1396 (empowerment zone employment credit), and

(I) any other section as provided by the Secretary.

(e) Special rule for related party

This section shall not apply in the case of a customer which bears a relationship to a certified professional employer organization described in section 267(b) or 707(b). For purposes of the preceding sentence, such sections shall be applied by substituting "10 percent" for "50 percent".

(f) Special rule for certain individuals

For purposes of the taxes imposed under this subtitle, an individual with net earnings from self-employment derived from the customer's trade or business (including a partner in a partnership that is a customer) is not a work site employee with respect to remuneration paid by a certified professional employer organization.

(g) Reporting requirements and obligations

The Secretary shall develop such reporting and recordkeeping rules, regulations, and procedures as the Secretary determines necessary or appropriate to ensure compliance with this title by certified professional employer organizations or persons that have been so certified. Such rules shall include—

(1) notification of the Secretary in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe in the case of the commencement or termination of a service contract described in section 7705(e)(2) between such a person and a customer, and the employer identification number of such customer,

(2) such information as the Secretary determines necessary for the customer to claim the credits identified in subsection (d) and the manner in which such information is to be provided, as prescribed by the Secretary, and

(3) such other information as the Secretary determines is essential to promote compliance with respect to the credits identified in subsection (d) and section 3302, and

shall be designed in a manner which streamlines, to the extent possible, the application of requirements of this section and section 7705, the exchange of information between a certified professional employer organization and its customers, and the reporting and recordkeeping obligations of the certified professional employer organization.

(h) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, title II, §206(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4065; amended Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title I, §112(c), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5295.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (d)(2)(F) to (I). Pub. L. 117–328 added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpars. (F) to (H) as (G) to (I), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–328 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 29, 2022, see section 112(e) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 38 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to wages for services performed on or after January 1 of the first calendar year beginning more than 12 months after Dec. 19, 2014, see section 206(g)(1) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as an Effective Date of 2014 Amendment note under section 3302 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5606 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5606: Penalty relating to containers of distilled spirits
Penalty relating to containers of distilled spirits
Status: in_force

Whoever violates any provision of section 5301, or of any regulation issued pursuant thereto, or the terms or conditions of any permit issued pursuant to the authorization contained in such section, and any officer, director, or agent of any corporation who knowingly participates in such violation, shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both, for each such offense.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1402.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5606, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 684, related to penalty and forfeiture for distilling without giving bond, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859. See sections 5601(a)(4), 5602, and 5615(3) of this title.

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in prior section 5641, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 692, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.
26 U.S.C. § 1372 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1372: Partnership rules to apply for fringe benefit purposes
Partnership rules to apply for fringe benefit purposes
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

For purposes of applying the provisions of this subtitle which relate to employee fringe benefits—

(1) the S corporation shall be treated as a partnership, and

(2) any 2-percent shareholder of the S corporation shall be treated as a partner of such partnership.

(b) 2-percent shareholder defined

For purposes of this section, the term "2-percent shareholder" means any person who owns (or is considered as owning within the meaning of section 318) on any day during the taxable year of the S corporation more than 2 percent of the outstanding stock of such corporation or stock possessing more than 2 percent of the total combined voting power of all stock of such corporation.

(Added Pub. L. 97–354, §2, Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1682.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1372, added Pub. L. 85–866, title I, §64(a), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1650; amended Pub. L. 87–29, §2, May 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 64; Pub. L. 89–389, §§2(b)(2), 3(a), Apr. 14, 1966, 80 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 91–683, §1(a), Jan. 12, 1971, 84 Stat. 2067; Pub. L. 94–455, title IX, §902(c)(3), title XIX, §§1901(a)(149), 1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1609, 1788, 1834; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, §343, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2843; Pub. L. 95–628, §5(a), (b), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3628, related to manner, effect, termination, etc., of an election not to be subject to taxes imposed under this chapter, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by section 2 of Pub. L. 97–354.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1982, except that in the case of a taxable year beginning during 1982, sections 1362(d)(3), 1366(f)(3), and 1375 of this title shall apply and subsec. (e)(5) of this section as in effect on the day before Oct. 19, 1982, shall not apply, see section 6(a), (b)(3), of Pub. L. 97–354, set out as a note under section 1361 of this title. For additional provisions relating to the treatment of existing fringe benefit plans and the application of this section, see section 6(d) of Pub. L. 97–354, set out as a note under section 1361 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 8023 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 92 / Section 8023: Additional powers to obtain data
Additional powers to obtain data
Status: in_force

(a) Securing of data

The Joint Committee or the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee, upon approval of the Chairman or Vice Chairman, is authorized to secure directly from the Internal Revenue Service, or the office of the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service, or directly from any executive department, board, bureau, agency, independent establishment, or instrumentality of the Government, information, suggestions, rulings, data, estimates, and statistics, for the purpose of making investigations, reports, and studies relating to internal revenue taxation. In the investigation by the Joint Committee on Taxation of the administration of the internal revenue taxes by the Internal Revenue Service, the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation is authorized to secure directly from the Internal Revenue Service such tax returns, or copies of tax returns, and other relevant information, as the Chief of Staff deems necessary for such investigation, and the Internal Revenue Service is authorized and directed to furnish such tax returns and information to the Chief of Staff together with a brief report, with respect to each return, as to any action taken or proposed to be taken by the Service as a result of any audit of the return.

(b) Furnishing of data

The Internal Revenue Service, the office of the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service, executive departments, boards, bureaus, agencies, independent establishments, and instrumentalities are authorized and directed to furnish such information, suggestions, rulings, data, estimates, and statistics directly to the Joint Committee or to the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee, upon request made pursuant to this section.

(c) Application of subsections (a) and (b)

Subsections (a) and (b) shall be applied in accordance with their provisions without regard to any reorganization plan becoming effective on, before, or after the date of the enactment of this subsection.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 928; Pub. L. 86–368, §2(b), Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 648; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1210(c), title XIX, §1907(a)(4), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1711, 1835.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (c), is Aug. 16, 1954, the date of enactment of act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 4, which enacted this title.

Amendments

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455, §1210(c), inserted provision that in investigation by Joint Committee on Taxation of the administration of the internal revenue taxes by the Internal Revenue Service, the Chief of Staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation is authorized to secure directly from the Internal Revenue Service such tax returns, or copies of tax returns, and other relevant information, as the Chief of Staff deems necessary for such investigation, and the Internal Revenue Service is authorized and directed to furnish such tax returns and information to the Chief of Staff together with a brief report, with respect to each return, as to any action taken or proposed to be taken by the Service as a result of any audit of the return.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–455, §1907(a)(4), substituted "any" for "Reorganization Plan Numbered 26 of 1950 or to any other" after "without regard to" and "the date of the enactment of this subsection" for "February 28, 1951" after "before, or after".

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–368, §2(b)(1), substituted "or the office of the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service" for "(including the Assistant General Counsel of the Treasury Department serving as the Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service)".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–368, §2(b)(2), substituted ", the office of the Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service" for "(including the Assistant General Counsel of the Treasury Department serving as the Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1210(d)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1711, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1977."

Amendment by section 1907(a)(4) of Pub. L. 94–455 effective on first day of first month which begins more than 90 days after Oct. 4, 1976, see section 1907(c) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 8001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–368 effective when Chief Counsel for Internal Revenue Service first appointed pursuant to amendment of section 7801 of this title by Pub. L. 86–368 qualifies and takes office, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 86–368, set out as a note under section 7801 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5854 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 53 / Section 5854: Exportation of firearms exempt from transfer tax
Exportation of firearms exempt from transfer tax
Status: in_force

A firearm may be exported without payment of the transfer tax imposed under section 5811 provided that proof of the exportation is furnished in such form and manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.

(Added Pub. L. 90–618, title II, §201, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1234; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5854, Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §203(i)(1), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1428, related to failure to register and pay special tax, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 90–618. See section 5861(a), (d) of this title and section 923 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in prior section 5844, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 725, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 90–618.

A prior section 5855, Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §203(i)(1), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1428, made it unlawful for any person required to comply with the provisions of sections 5814, 5821, and 5841 of this title, to ship, carry or deliver any firearm in interstate commerce if such sections had not been complied with, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 90–618.

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".