22 U.S.C. § 2501 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2501: Congressional declaration of purpose
Congressional declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress of the United States declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to promote world peace and friendship through a Peace Corps, which shall make available to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States qualified for service abroad and willing to serve, under conditions of hardship if necessary, to help the peoples of such countries and areas in meeting their needs for trained manpower, particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries, and to help promote a better understanding of the American people on the part of the peoples served and a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people.

(b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and a purpose of the Peace Corps to maintain, to the maximum extent appropriate and consistent with programmatic and fiscal considerations, a volunteer corps of at least 10,000 individuals.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §2, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 95–331, §2, Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, §1102(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 272.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–83 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1978—Pub. L. 95–331 inserted "particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries" after "manpower".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §28, formerly §27, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 625, as renumbered by Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, §1105(a)(1), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276, provided that: "This Act [see Short Title note below] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Sept. 22, 1961]."

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–256, §1(a), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3650, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 2504a of this title, amending sections 2504, 2506 to 2507e, 2509, and 2522 of this title and section 8142 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2504 of this title] may be cited as the 'Sam Farr and Nick Castle Peace Corps Reform Act of 2018'."

Short Title of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–57, §1, Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 736, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 2507a to 2507i of this title, amending sections 2504, 2506, 2507, and 2509 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2503 and 2507a of this title] may be cited as the 'Kate Puzey Peace Corps Volunteer Protection Act of 2011'."

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–331, §1, Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414, provided: "That this Act [amending this section and sections 2501a, 2502, 2504, 2509, and 2510 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2501a and 2509 of this title] may be cited as the 'Peace Corps Act Amendments of 1978'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §1, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter, amending section 2253 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, section 425 of Title 20, Education, sections 912, 1303, 3121, 3122, 3401, and 6051 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 405, 409, and 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 912 and 3121 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Peace Corps Act'."

Designation of Paul D. Coverdell Peace Corps Headquarters

Pub. L. 107–21, §1, July 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 194, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Effective on the date of enactment of this Act [July 26, 2001], the headquarters offices of the Peace Corps, wherever situated, shall be referred to as the 'Paul D. Coverdell Peace Corps Headquarters'.

"(b) References.—Any reference before the date of enactment of this Act [July 26, 2001] in any law, regulation, order, document, record, or other paper of the United States to the headquarters or headquarters offices of the Peace Corps shall, on and after such date, be considered to refer to the Paul D. Coverdell Peace Corps Headquarters."

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 10924

Ex. Ord. No. 10924, Mar. 1, 1961, 26 F.R. 1789, relating to the establishment and administration of the Peace Corps, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11041, Aug. 6, 1962, 27 F.R. 7859, formerly set out below.

Executive Order No. 11041

Ex. Ord. No. 11041, Aug. 7, 1962, 27 F.R. 7859, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11250, Oct. 10, 1965, 30 F.R. 13003, which provided for the continuance and administration of the Peace Corps in the Department of State, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11603, June 30, 1971, 36 F.R. 12675, formerly set out below.

Executive Order No. 11603

Ex. Ord. No. 11603, June 30, 1971, 36 F.R. 12675, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which provided for the continuance and administration of the Peace Corps within ACTION, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12137. Administration of Peace Corps as an Agency Within ACTION

Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12245, Oct. 6, 1980, 45 F.R. 66769; Ex. Ord. No. 12292, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13968; Ex. Ord. No. 12399, Dec. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379; Ex. Ord. No. 13724, §1, Apr. 8, 2016, 81 F.R. 22021, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Peace Corps Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2501–2523) and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–1. Peace Corps

1–101. The Peace Corps, which was established as an agency in the Department of State pursuant to Executive Order No. 10924 of March 1, 1961 (26 FR 1789) [formerly set out under this section], which was continued in existence in that Department under the Peace Corps Act (the "Act") [this chapter] pursuant to Section 102 of Executive Order No. 11041 of August 6, 1962 (27 FR 7859) [formerly set out under this section], and which was transferred to and continued as a component of ACTION [now Corporation for National and Community Service] by Executive Order No. 11603 of June 30, 1971 (36 FR 12675) [formerly set out under this section], shall be an agency within ACTION pursuant to the provisions of this Order.

1–102. All references to the "Director" in Part 1–1 of this Order shall refer to the Director of the Peace Corps for whom provision is made in Section 4(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503).

1–103. Exclusive of the functions otherwise delegated by or reserved to the President by this Order, and subject to the provisions of this Order, there are hereby delegated to the Director all functions conferred upon the President by the Act [this chapter] and by Section 2(b) of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.].

1–104. The function of determining the portion of living allowances constituting basic compensation, conferred upon the President by Section 201(a) of Public Law 87–293 (26 U.S.C. 912(3)), is hereby delegated to the Director and shall be performed in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury.

1–105. The functions of prescribing regulations and making determinations (relating to appointment of Peace Corps employees in the Foreign Service System), conferred upon the President by Section 5 of Public Law 89–135 (79 Stat. 551) [probably means section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89–134, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 551, set out as a note under section 2506 of this title], are hereby delegated to the Director.

1–106. The functions of prescribing conditions, conferred upon the President by the second sentence of Section 5(e), as amended (22 U.S.C. 2504(e)), and the third proviso of Section 6 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2505) (relating to providing health care in Government facilities) and hereinabove delegated to the Director, shall be exercised in consultation with the head of the United States Government agency responsible for the facility.

1–107. The reports required by Section 11 of the Act, as amended ([former] 22 U.S.C. 2510), shall be prepared by the Director and submitted to the Congress through the President.

1–108. Subject to applicable provisions of law, all funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the President for carrying out the provisions of the Act [this chapter] shall be deemed to be allocated without any further action of the President to the Director or to such subordinate officer as the Director may designate. The Director or such officer may allocate or transfer, as appropriate, any of such funds to any United States Government agency or part thereof for obligation or expenditures thereby consistent with applicable law.

1–109. Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to impair or limit the powers or functions vested in the Secretary of State by the Act [this chapter].

1–110. The negotiation, conclusion, and termination of international agreements pursuant to the Act [this chapter] shall be under the direction of the Secretary of State.

1–111. Any substantial change in policies in effect on the date of this Order for the utilization of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], pursuant to Section 7 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2506), shall be coordinated with the Secretary of State.

1–112. The Director shall consult and coordinate with the Director of ACTION to assure that the functions delegated to the Director by this Order are carried out consistently with the functions conferred upon the Director of ACTION by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.), ("Volunteer Service Act"), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.] and this Order.

1–113. The functions of adopting, altering, and using an official seal or emblem of the Peace Corps as set forth in section 19 of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2518) is hereby delegated to the Director of the Peace Corps.

1–2. The Peace Corps Advisory Council [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12399, Dec. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379]

1–3. Reservation of Functions to the President

1–301. There are hereby excluded from the delegations made by Section 1–1 of this Order the following powers and functions of the President:

(a) All authority conferred by Sections 4(b), 4(c)(2), 4(c)(3), 10(d), and 18 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503(b), (c)(2), (c)(3), 2509(d), and 2517).

(b) The authority conferred by Section 4(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503(a)) to appoint the Director and the Deputy Director of the Peace Corps.

(c) The authority conferred on the President by Section 5(f)(1)(B) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2504(f)(1)(B)).

(d) The authority conferred by Section 10(f) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2509(f)) to direct any agency of the United States Government to provide services, facilities, and commodities to officers carrying out functions under the Act [this chapter].

1–4. Incidental Provisions

1–401. Persons appointed, employed, or assigned under Section 7(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2506(a)) shall not, unless otherwise agreed by the agency in which such benefits may be exercised, be entitled to the benefits provided by Section 310 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3950) in cases in which their service under the appointment, employment, or assignment exceeds thirty months.

1–402. Pursuant to Section 10(d) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2509(d)), it is hereby determined to be in furtherance of the purposes of the Act [this chapter] that functions authorized thereby may be performed without regard to the applicable laws specified in Section 1 and 2 of Executive Order No. 11223 of May 12, 1965 [22 U.S.C. 2393 note], and with or without consideration as specified in Section 3 of that Order, but subject to the limitations set forth in that Order.

1–403. As used in this Order, the words "Volunteers," "functions," "United States," and "United States Government agency" shall have the same meanings, respectively, as they have under the Act [this chapter].

1–5. National Voluntary Action Program

1–501. The National Voluntary Action Program to encourage and stimulate more widespread and effective voluntary action for solving public domestic problems, established in the Executive Branch of the Government by Section 1 of Executive Order No. 11470 of May 26, 1969 [formerly set out as a note under section 2701 of Title 42, the Public Health and Welfare], is continued in ACTION. That program shall supplement corresponding action by private and other non-Federal organizations such as the National Center for Voluntary Action. As used in this Order, the term "voluntary action" means the contribution or application of non-governmental resources of all kinds (time, money, goods, services, and skills) by private and other organizations of all types (profit and nonprofit, national and local, occupational, and altruistic) and by individual citizens.

1–6. Director of ACTION

1–601. In addition to the functions vested in the Director of ACTION by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C., Section 4951 et seq.), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.], and Section 1–401 of this Order, the Director of ACTION shall:

(a) Encourage local, national and international voluntary activities directed toward the solution or mitigation of community problems.

(b) Provide for the development and operation of a clearinghouse for information on Government programs designed to foster voluntary action.

(c) Initiate proposals for the greater and more effective application of voluntary action in connection with Federal programs, and coordinate, as consistent with law, Federal activities involving such action.

(d) Make grants of seed money, as authorized by law, for stimulating the development or deployment of innovative voluntary action programs directed toward community problems.

1–602. The head of each Federal department and agency, or a designated representative, when so requested by the Director of ACTION or the Director of the Peace Corps, shall, to the extent permitted by law and funds available, furnish information and assistance, and participate in all ways appropriate to carry out the objectives of this Order, the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 [42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.] and Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.].

1–603. The head of each Federal department or agency shall, when so requested by the Director of ACTION, designate a senior official to have primary and continuing responsibility for the participation and cooperation of that department or agency in matters concerning voluntary action.

1–604. The head of each Federal department or agency, or a designated representative, shall keep the Director of ACTION informed of proposed budgets, plans, and programs of that department or agency affecting voluntary action programs.

1–605. Under the direction of the President and subject to the responsibilities of the Secretary of State, the Director of ACTION shall be responsible for the general direction of those ACTION functions, which jointly serve ACTION domestic volunteer components and the Peace Corps, and for advising the Director of the Peace Corps to ensure that the functions delegated under this Order to the Director of the Peace Corps are carried out.

1–7. General Provisions

1–701. Except to the extent that they may be inconsistent with this Order, all determinations, authorizations, regulations, rulings, certifications, orders, directives, contracts, agreements, and other actions made, issued or entered into with respect to any function affected by this Order and not revoked, superseded, or otherwise made inapplicable before the effective date of this Order shall continue in full force and effect until amended, modified, or terminated by appropriate authority.

1–702. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, nothing in this Order shall be construed as subjecting any department, establishment, or other instrumentality of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government or the head thereof, or any function vested by law in or assigned pursuant to law to any such agency or head, to the authority of any other agency or head or as abrogating, modifying, or restricting any such function in any manner.

1–703. So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances or appropriations, allocations, and other funds employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with the functions assigned to the Director of the Peace Corps or to the Director of ACTION by this Order as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the Director of the Peace Corps or the Director of ACTION at such time or times as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall direct.

1–704. To the extent permitted by law, such further measures and dispositions as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall deem to be necessary in order to effectuate the provisions of this Order shall be carried out by such agencies as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall specify.

1–705. The authority conferred by Sections 1–703 and 1–704 of this Order shall supplement, not limit, the provisions of Section 1–108 of this Order.

1–706. Executive Order Nos. 11041, 11250, 11470 and 11603 are hereby superseded.

1–707. This Order shall become effective May 16, 1979.

Executive Order No. 12468

Ex. Ord. No. 12468, Mar. 22, 1984, 49 F.R. 11139, which established the Presidential Advisory Council on the Peace Corps and provided for its membership, functions, etc., was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12534, Sept. 30, 1985, 50 F.R. 40319, formerly set out as a note under section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
22 U.S.C. § 285gg (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIV: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / Section 285gg: Eleventh replenishment
Eleventh replenishment
Status: in_force

(a) The United States Governor of the Bank is authorized to contribute, on behalf of the United States, $189,580,000 to the eleventh replenishment of the resources of the Fund, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations.

(b) In order to pay for the United States contribution provided for in subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $189,580,000 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(Pub. L. 89–369, §36, as added Pub. L. 115–141, div. K, title VII, §7083(a), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 965.)
22 U.S.C. § 4071e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4071e: Deductions and withholdings from pay
Deductions and withholdings from pay
Status: in_force

(a) Basic pay

(1) The employing agency shall deduct and withhold from the basic pay of each participant the applicable percentage of basic pay specified in paragraph (2) of this subsection minus the percentage then in effect under section 3101(a) of title 26 (relating to the rate of tax for old age, survivors, and disability insurance).

(2)(A) The applicable percentage for a participant other than a revised annuity participant or a further revised annuity participant shall be as follows:

 

   

 
7.5 
Before January 1, 1999.

 
7.75 
January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999.

 
7.9 
January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000.

 
7.55 
After January 11, 2003.

(B) The applicable percentage for a revised annuity participant shall be as follows:

 

   

 
9.85 
After December 31, 2012

(C) The applicable percentage for a further revised annuity participant shall be as follows:

 

   

 
11.15 
After December 31, 2013.

(b) Consent to deductions; discharge of claims

Each participant is deemed to consent and agree to the deductions under subsection (a). Notwithstanding any law or regulation affecting the pay of a participant, payment less such deductions is a full and complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands for regular services during the period covered by the payment, except the right to any benefits under this part based on the service of the participant.

(c) Deposit of amounts

Amounts deducted and withheld under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund under such procedures as the Comptroller General of the United States may prescribe.

(d) Entry on individual retirement records

Under such regulations as the Secretary of State may issue, amounts deducted under subsection (a) shall be entered on individual retirement records.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §856, as added Pub. L. 99–335, title IV, §415, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 618; amended Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(e)(1)(A), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 661; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(e)(1)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–53; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §322(b)(2), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5002(b), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title IV, §402(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1185.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2013—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–67, §402(b)(1), inserted "or a further revised annuity participant" after "revised annuity participant".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 113–67, §402(b)(2), added subpar. (C).

2012—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–96 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "The applicable percentage for a participant other than a revised annuity participant" for "The applicable percentage under this subsection", and added subpar. (B).

2002—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–228, in table, substituted item relating to applicable percentage after January 11, 2003, for item relating to applicable percentage after December 31, 2000.

2000—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–346, in table, substituted item relating to applicable percentage after December 31, 2000, for items relating to applicable percentages from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002; and after December 31, 2002.

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–33 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "The employing agency shall deduct and withhold from basic pay of each participant a percentage of basic pay equal to 7½ percent minus the percentage then in effect under section 3101(a) of title 26 (relating to the rate of tax for old age, survivors and disability insurance)."

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954", which for purposes of codification was translated as "title 26" thus requiring no change in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–228 effective with the first pay period beginning on or after the date that is 90 days after Sept. 30, 2002, see section 322(c)(2) of Pub. L. 107–228, set out as a note under section 4045 of this title.

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–346 effective upon the close of calendar year 2000 and applicable thereafter, see section 101(a) [title V, §505(i)] of Pub. L. 106–346, set out as a note under section 8334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–33 effective Oct. 1, 1997, see section 7001(f) of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a note under section 8334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
22 U.S.C. § 9410 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 101: COUNTERING IRAN'S DESTABILIZING ACTIVITIES / Section 9410: Exceptions for national security and humanitarian assistance; rule of construction
Exceptions for national security and humanitarian assistance; rule of construction
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The following activities shall be exempt from sanctions under sections 9403, 9404, 9405, and 9406 of this title:

(1) Any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), or to any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.

(2) The admission of an alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other applicable international obligations of the United States.

(3) The conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the sale of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices to Iran or for the provision of humanitarian assistance to the people of Iran, including engaging in a financial transaction relating to humanitarian assistance or for humanitarian purposes or transporting goods or services that are necessary to carry out operations relating to humanitarian assistance or humanitarian purposes.

(b) Implementation

The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this chapter.

(c) Rule of construction

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the authority of the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

(d) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Agricultural commodity

The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7.

(2) Good

The term "good" has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).

(3) Medical device

The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 321 of title 21.

(4) Medicine

The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 321 of title 21.

(Pub. L. 115–44, title I, §111, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 896.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Security Act of 1947, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495. Title V of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§3091 et seq.) of chapter 44 of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), was in the original "this Act", and was translated as reading "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 115–44, known as the Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (d)(2), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

Section 4618 of title 50, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under subsec. (b) of this section to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, see section 1(e)(iii) of Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 11, 2017, 82 F.R. 50052, set out in a note under section 9403 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 6305 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 72: NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION PREVENTION / Subchapter I: SANCTIONS FOR NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION / Section 6305: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) the term "foreign person" means—

(A) an individual who is not a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or

(B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernment entity which is created or organized under the laws of a foreign country or which has its principal place of business outside the United States;

(2) the term "goods or technology" means—

(A) nuclear materials and equipment and sensitive nuclear technology (as such terms are defined in section 3203 of this title), all export items designated by the President pursuant to section 2139a(c) of title 42, and all technical assistance requiring authorization under section 2077(b) of title 42, and

(B) in the case of exports from a country other than the United States, any goods or technology that, if exported from the United States, would be goods or technology described in subparagraph (A);

(3) the term "IAEA safeguards" means the safeguards set forth in an agreement between a country and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as authorized by Article III(A)(5) of the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency;

(4) the term "nuclear explosive device" means any device, whether assembled or disassembled, that is designed to produce an instantaneous release of an amount of nuclear energy from special nuclear material that is greater than the amount of energy that would be released from the detonation of one pound of trinitrotoluene (TNT);

(5) the term "non-nuclear-weapon state" means any country which is not a nuclear-weapon state, as defined by Article IX (3) of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed at Washington, London, and Moscow on July 1, 1968;

(6) the term "special nuclear material" has the meaning given that term in section 2014(aa) of title 42;

(7) the term "United States person" means—

(A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States or an alien admitted for permanent residence to the United States; or

(B) a corporation, partnership, or other nongovernment entity which is not a foreign person; and

(8) the term "unsafeguarded special nuclear material" means special nuclear material which is held in violation of IAEA safeguards or not subject to IAEA safeguards (excluding any quantity of material that could, if it were exported from the United States, be exported under a general license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission).

(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, §830, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 521.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to this part, meaning part B of title VIII of Pub. L. 103–236, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of part B to the Code, see Effective Date note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 60 days after Apr. 30, 1994, see section 831 of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1784 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 24: MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM / Subchapter I: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1784: Repealed. Pub. L. 87-195, pt. III, §642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460
Repealed. Pub. L. 87-195, pt. III, §642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460
Status: repealed

Section 1784, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §524, 68 Stat. 856; July 8, 1955, ch. 301, §10(a), 69 Stat. 288; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, §10(c), 71 Stat. 364; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. V, §501(28), 72 Stat. 272, prescribed duties of Secretary of Defense. See section 2383 of this title.

Section 1785, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §525, 68 Stat. 856; July 8, 1955, ch. 301, §10(b), 69 Stat. 288; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, §10(d), 71 Stat. 364, authorized transfer of functions of Foreign Operations Administration.

Section 1786, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §526, 68 Stat. 857; July 8, 1955, ch. 301, §10(c), 69 Stat. 289, authorized maintenance of special missions and staffs abroad. See section 2391 of this title.

Section 1787, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §527, 68 Stat. 857; July 31, 1956, ch. 804, title I, §113, 70 Stat. 740; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, §10(e), 71 Stat. 364; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. IV, §401(e), 72 Stat. 269; July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. IV, §401(g), 73 Stat. 253; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. IV, §401(g), ch. V, §501(c), (d), 74 Stat. 139, 140, related to employment of personnel. See section 2385 of this title.

Section 1788, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §528, 68 Stat. 858, authorized detail of personnel to foreign governments. See section 2387 of this title.

Section 1789, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §529, 68 Stat. 858, authorized detail of personnel to international organizations. See section 2388 of this title.

Section 1790, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §530, 68 Stat. 859; July 8, 1955, ch. 301, §10(d), 69 Stat. 289; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §10(c), 70 Stat. 561; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. V, §501(e), 74 Stat. 140, authorized employment of experts and consultants. See section 2386 of this title.

Section 1791, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §531, 68 Stat. 859; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. IV, §401(h), 74 Stat. 139, related to security clearance.

Section 1792, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §532, 68 Stat. 859; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §10(d), 70 Stat. 561, related to exemption of personnel from certain Federal laws. See section 2386 of this title.

Section 1793, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §533, 68 Stat. 860, provided for waiver of certain Federal laws. See section 2393 of this title.

Section 1793a, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §533A, as added July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. IV, §401(h), 73 Stat. 253; amended May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. IV, §401(i), 74 Stat. 140, established Office of Inspector General and Comptroller and transferred certain functions thereto. See section 2384 of this title.

Section 1794, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. V, §534, 68 Stat. 860; July 8, 1955, ch. 301, §10(e), 69 Stat. 289; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, §10(f), 71 Stat. 364; July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. IV, §401(i), 73 Stat. 254; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. IV, §401(j), 74 Stat. 140, provided for reports to Congress and for furnishing documents and other material to General Accounting Office and committees of Congress. See section 2394 of this title.

Section 1794a, act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §550, as added July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. IV, §401(m), 73 Stat. 255, required President to make public information concerning mutual security program not deemed to be incompatible with security of United States. See section 2394(b) of this title.

Section 1795, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. IV, §535, 68 Stat. 860; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §10(e), 70 Stat. 561; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, §10(g), 71 Stat. 364, related to cooperation with nations and international organizations.
22 U.S.C. § 4602 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 56: UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE / Section 4602: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter, the term—

(1) "Institute" means the United States Institute of Peace established by this chapter; and

(2) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Institute.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, §1703, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2651.)
22 U.S.C. § 6009 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 69: CUBAN DEMOCRACY / Section 6009: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) Enforcement authority

The authority to enforce this chapter shall be carried out by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall exercise the authorities of the Trading With the Enemy Act [50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.] in enforcing this chapter. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take the necessary steps to ensure that activities permitted under section 6004 of this title are carried out for the purposes set forth in this chapter and not for purposes of the accumulation by the Cuban Government of excessive amounts of United States currency or the accumulation of excessive profits by any person or entity.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.

(c) Omitted

(d) Applicability of penalties

The penalties set forth in section 16 of the Trading With the Enemy Act [50 U.S.C. 4315] shall apply to violations of this chapter to the same extent as such penalties apply to violations under that Act [50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.].

(e) Office of Foreign Assets Control

The Department of the Treasury shall establish and maintain a branch of the Office of Foreign Assets Control in Miami, Florida, in order to strengthen the enforcement of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, §1710, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2580.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Trading With the Enemy Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, which is classified to chapter 53 (§4301 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 1710 of Pub. L. 102–484. Subsec. (c) of section 1710 of Pub. L. 102–484 amended section 4315 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
22 U.S.C. § 5412 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 63: SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) / Subchapter I: STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Section 5412: Stabilization assistance for Poland
Stabilization assistance for Poland
Status: in_force

(a) Immediate emergency assistance

To the extent that the ongoing International Monetary Fund review of the Polish economy projects a probable balance of payments shortage for the fourth quarter of 1989, the United States Government, in carrying out paragraph (1) of section 5411(b) of this title—

(1) should work closely with the European Community and international financial institutions to determine the extent of emergency assistance required by Poland for the fourth quarter of 1989, and

(2) should consider extending a bridge loan to relieve immediate and urgent balance of payments requirements using the Exchange Stabilization Fund in accordance with paragraph (1)(A) of section 5411(b) of this title.

(b) Immediate, multilateral response to Poland's economic stabilization needs

In furtherance of section 5411(b)(1) of this title, the President, acting in coordination with the European Community, should seek to ensure that the industrialized democracies undertake an immediate, multilateral effort to respond to Poland's request for $1,000,000,000 to support its economic stabilization program.

(c) Additional authority to provide stabilization assistance

(1) Authority

In order to carry out paragraph (1) of section 5411(b) of this title, the President is authorized to furnish assistance for Poland, notwithstanding any other provision of law, to assist in the urgent stabilization of the Polish economy and ultimately to promote longer-term economic growth and stability, based on movement toward free market principles. Such assistance may be provided for balance of payments support (including commodity import programs), support for private sector development, or for other activities to further efforts to develop a free market-oriented economy in Poland.

(2) Authorization of appropriations

For purposes of providing the assistance authorized by this subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated $200,000,000 for fiscal year 1990 to carry out chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating to the economic support fund), in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title I, §102, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1303.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is classified to part IV (§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 1650a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21A: SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES / Section 1650a: Arbitration awards under the Convention
Arbitration awards under the Convention
Status: in_force

(a) Treaty rights; enforcement; full faith and credit; nonapplication of Federal Arbitration Act

An award of an arbitral tribunal rendered pursuant to chapter IV of the convention shall create a right arising under a treaty of the United States. The pecuniary obligations imposed by such an award shall be enforced and shall be given the same full faith and credit as if the award were a final judgment of a court of general jurisdiction of one of the several States. The Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) shall not apply to enforcement of awards rendered pursuant to the convention.

(b) Jurisdiction; amount in controversy

The district courts of the United States (including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28) shall have exclusive jurisdiction over actions and proceedings under subsection (a) of this section, regardless of the amount in controversy.

(Pub. L. 89–532, §3, Aug. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 344.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Chapter IV of the convention, referred to in subsec. (a), contains the Arbitration provisions of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States, providing in Section 1 (Art. 36) for Request for Arbitration, Section 2 (Arts. 37 to 40) for Constitution of the Tribunal, Section 3 (Arts. 41 to 47) for powers and functions of the tribunal, Section 4 (Arts. 48, 49) for The Award, Section 5 (Arts. 50 to 52) for interpretation, revision and annulment of the award, and Section 6 (Arts. 53 to 55) for recognition and enforcement of the award.

The Federal Arbitration Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified generally to Title 9, Arbitration.
22 U.S.C. § 7109 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 78: TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION / Section 7109: Strengthening prosecution and punishment of traffickers
Strengthening prosecution and punishment of traffickers
Status: in_force

(a) Omitted

(b) Amendment to the Sentencing Guidelines

(1) Pursuant to its authority under section 994 of title 28 and in accordance with this section, the United States Sentencing Commission shall review and, if appropriate, amend the sentencing guidelines and policy statements applicable to persons convicted of offenses involving the trafficking of persons including component or related crimes of peonage, involuntary servitude, slave trade offenses, and possession, transfer or sale of false immigration documents in furtherance of trafficking, and the Fair Labor Standards Act [29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.] and the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act [29 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.].

(2) In carrying out this subsection, the Sentencing Commission shall—

(A) take all appropriate measures to ensure that these sentencing guidelines and policy statements applicable to the offenses described in paragraph (1) of this subsection are sufficiently stringent to deter and adequately reflect the heinous nature of such offenses;

(B) consider conforming the sentencing guidelines applicable to offenses involving trafficking in persons to the guidelines applicable to peonage, involuntary servitude, and slave trade offenses; and

(C) consider providing sentencing enhancements for those convicted of the offenses described in paragraph (1) of this subsection that—

(i) involve a large number of victims;

(ii) involve a pattern of continued and flagrant violations;

(iii) involve the use or threatened use of a dangerous weapon; or

(iv) result in the death or bodily injury of any person.

(3) The Commission may promulgate the guidelines or amendments under this subsection in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21(a) of the Sentencing Act of 1987, as though the authority under that Act had not expired.

(Pub. L. 106–386, div. A, §112, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1486.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Fair Labor Standards Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), probably means the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, act June 25, 1938, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§201 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 201 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 97–470, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2584, which is classified generally to chapter 20 (§1801 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Sentencing Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 100–182, Dec. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 1266. Section 21(a) of the Act is set out as a note under section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note set out under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 112 of Pub. L. 106–386. Subsec. (a) of section 112 of Pub. L. 106–386 enacted sections 1589 to 1594 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and amended sections 1581, 1583, and 1584 of Title 18.
22 U.S.C. § 2518 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2518: Seal and name
Seal and name
Status: in_force

(a) Judicial notice

The President may adopt, alter, and use an official seal or emblem of the Peace Corps of such design as he shall determine, which shall be judicially noticed.

(b) Exclusiveness of use; penalties for violations; injunctions

(1) The use of the official seal or emblem and the use of the name "Peace Corps" shall be restricted exclusively to designate programs authorized under this chapter.

(2) Whoever, whether an individual, partnership, corporation, or association, uses the seal for which provision is made in this section, or any sign, insignia, or symbol in colorable imitation thereof, or the words "Peace Corps" or any combination of these or other words or characters in colorable imitation thereof, other than to designate programs authorized under this chapter, shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. A violation of this subsection may be enjoined at the suit of the Attorney General, United States attorneys, or other persons duly authorized to represent the United States.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §19, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 623; Pub. L. 88–200, §7, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 360.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1963—Pub. L. 88–200 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under this section, except authority to adopt and alter an official seal or emblem, delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1–103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1437 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1437: Utilization of private agencies
Utilization of private agencies
Status: in_force

In carrying out the provisions of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors to utilize, to the maximum extent practicable, the services and facilities of private agencies, including existing American press, publishing, radio, motion picture, and other agencies, through contractual arrangements or otherwise. It is the intent of Congress that the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall encourage participation in carrying out the purposes of this chapter by the maximum number of different private agencies in each field consistent with the present or potential market for their services in each country.

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title X, §1005, 62 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1078(d)(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1959.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2013—Pub. L. 112–239 inserted "and the Broadcasting Board of Governors" after "Secretary" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1078(e), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1959, provided that: "This section [amending this section and sections 1461, 1461–1a, and 1462 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1461 of this title] shall take effect and apply on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section [Jan. 2, 2013]."
22 U.S.C. § 2577a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 35: ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT / Subchapter III: FUNCTIONS / Section 2577a: Arms control verification
Arms control verification
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of working group

The President should establish a working group—

(1) to examine verification approaches to a strategic arms reduction agreement and other arms control agreements; and

(2) to assess the relevance for such agreements of the verification provisions of the Treaty Between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (signed at Washington, December 8, 1987).

(b) Information and data base

(1) The Agency shall allocate sufficient resources to develop and maintain a comprehensive information and data base on verification concepts, research, technologies, and systems. The Agency shall collect, maintain, analyze, and disseminate information pertaining to arms control verification and monitoring, including information regarding—

(A) all current United States bilateral and multilateral arms treaties; and

(B) proposed, prospective, and potential bilateral or multilateral arms treaties in the areas of nuclear, conventional, chemical, and space weapons.

(2) The Agency shall seek to improve United States verification and monitoring activities through the monitoring and support of relevant research and analysis.

(3) The Agency shall provide detailed information on the activities pursuant to this section in its annual report to the Congress.

(Pub. L. 101–216, title I, §105, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1854.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1989, and not as part of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

"Agency", referred to in subsec. (b), meaning the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6511 and 6512 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3502 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 50: INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION / Section 3502: Purposes and establishment; policy guidelines and objectives
Purposes and establishment; policy guidelines and objectives
Status: in_force

(a) To strengthen the capacity of the people of developing countries to solve their development problems through scientific and technological innovation, to foster research on problems of development, and to facilitate scientific and technological cooperation with developing countries, the President is authorized to establish an Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the "Institute"), which shall be subject to the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State.

(b) The Institute shall be guided by the policies set forth in sections 2151 and 2151–1 of this title and shall direct a substantial share of its resources to those objectives.

(Pub. L. 96–53, title IV, §402, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 372.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title IV of Pub. L. 96–53, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 371, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as an Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8004 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 87: UNITED STATES AND INDIA NUCLEAR COOPERATION / Section 8004: United States compliance with its nuclear nonproliferation treaty obligations
United States compliance with its nuclear nonproliferation treaty obligations
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter constitutes authority for any action in violation of an obligation of the United States under the NPT.

(Pub. L. 109–401, title I, §105, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2738.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 109–401, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2726, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8001 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 7202 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 79: TRADE SANCTIONS REFORM AND EXPORT ENHANCEMENT / Section 7202: Restriction
Restriction
Status: in_force

(a) New sanctions

Except as provided in sections 7203 and 7204 of this title and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may not impose a unilateral agricultural sanction or unilateral medical sanction against a foreign country or foreign entity, unless—

(1) not later than 60 days before the sanction is proposed to be imposed, the President submits a report to Congress that—

(A) describes the activity proposed to be prohibited, restricted, or conditioned; and

(B) describes the actions by the foreign country or foreign entity that justify the sanction; and

(2) there is enacted into law a joint resolution stating the approval of Congress for the report submitted under paragraph (1).

(b) Existing sanctions

The President shall terminate any unilateral agricultural sanction or unilateral medical sanction that is in effect as of October 28, 2000.

(Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title IX, §903], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–68.)
22 U.S.C. § 921 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter V: APPOINTMENTS AND ASSIGNMENTS / Section 921: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section 921, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, §521, 60 Stat. 1009, related to establishment of Foreign Service Reserve.

Section 922, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, §522, 60 Stat. 1009; Apr. 5, 1955, ch. 23, §5, 69 Stat. 25; July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. VII, §701(b), 73 Stat. 257; Aug. 20, 1968, Pub. L. 90–494, §18, 82 Stat. 814; Aug. 17, 1977, Pub. L. 95–105, title IV, §407, 91 Stat. 854; Oct. 7, 1978, Pub. L. 95–426, title II, §204(b)(6), 92 Stat. 974, related to appointments and assignments to Reserve.

Section 923, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, §523, 60 Stat. 1009, related to appointment and assignment to a class.

Section 924, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title V, §524, 60 Stat. 1009, related to commissions for Reserve officers.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 7426 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 81: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT / Subchapter II: AMERICAN SERVICEMEMBERS' PROTECTION / Section 7426: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-181, div. A, title XII, §1212(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 371
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-181, div. A, title XII, §1212(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 371
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 107–206, title II, §2007, Aug. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 905, prohibited United States military assistance to parties to the International Criminal Court.
22 U.S.C. § 278b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter V: GORGAS MEMORIAL LABORATORY / Section 278b: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-426, title VII, §701(b), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 991
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-426, title VII, §701(b), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 991
Status: repealed

Section, act June 28, 1944, ch. 294, title I, 58 Stat. 402, related to a report to Congress of the operation and work of the laboratory, including the statement of the receipts and expenditures, such a report to cover a fiscal year period ending on June 30 of the calendar year immediately preceding the convening of each such session. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

July 1, 1943, ch. 182, title I, 57 Stat. 277.

July 2, 1942, ch. 472, title I, 56 Stat. 474.

June 28, 1941, ch. 258, title I, 55 Stat. 271.

May 14, 1940, ch. 189, title I, 54 Stat. 187.

June 29, 1939, ch. 248, 53 Stat. 891.

Apr. 27, 1938, ch. 180, title I, 52 Stat. 253.

June 16, 1937, ch. 359, title I, 50 Stat. 267.
22 U.S.C. § 4194 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XIV: POWERS, DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OF CONSULAR OFFICERS GENERALLY / Section 4194: Lists and returns of seamen and vessels, etc.
Lists and returns of seamen and vessels, etc.
Status: in_force

Every consular officer shall keep a detailed list of all seamen and mariners shipped and discharged by him, specifying their names and the names of the vessels on which they are shipped and from which they are discharged, and the payments, if any, made on account of each so discharged; also of the number of the vessels arrived and departed, the amounts of their registered tonnage, and the number of their seamen and mariners, and of those who are protected, and whether citizens of the United States or not, and as nearly as possible the nature and value of their cargoes, and where produced, and shall make returns of the same, with their accounts and other returns, to the Secretary of Commerce.

(R.S. §1708; Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §10, 32 Stat. 829; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §1708 derived from act Aug. 18, 1856, ch. 127, §27, 11 Stat. 62.

Act Feb. 14, 1903, substituted "Secretary of Commerce and Labor" for "Secretary of the Treasury". Act Mar. 4, 1913, substituted "Secretary of Commerce" for "Secretary of Commerce and Labor".

Section was not enacted as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 1174 of this title, and prior thereto to section 74 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Coast Guard transferred to Department of Transportation and functions, powers, and duties, relating to Coast Guard, of Secretary of the Treasury and of other offices and officers of Department of the Treasury transferred to Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, §6(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931. Section 6(b)(2) of Pub. L. 89–670, however, provided that notwithstanding such transfer of functions, Coast Guard shall operate as part of Navy in time of war or when President directs as provided in former section 3 (now 103) of Title 14. See section 108 of Title 49, Transportation.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Certain shipping and navigation functions of Secretary of Commerce transferred to Commandant of Coast Guard and Commissioner of Customs by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, §§101 to 104, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7875, 60 Stat. 1097, 1098 set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury [which included Commandant of Coast Guard and Commissioner of Customs], and functions of all agencies and employees of Department, transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. Coast Guard was generally a service in Department of the Treasury but such Plan excepted, from transfer, functions of Coast Guard, and of Commandant thereof, when Coast Guard was operating as a part of Navy under former section 3 (now 103) of Title 14, Coast Guard.
22 U.S.C. § 4343 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 53A: DISPOSITION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY ABROAD / Section 4343: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

(a) Issuance; purpose

The Secretary of State may issue regulations to carry out the purposes of this chapter. The primary purpose of such regulations and related policies, rules, and procedures shall be to assure that employees and members of their families do not profit personally from sales or other transactions with persons who are not themselves entitled to exemption from import restrictions, duties, or taxes.

(b) Contractors

Such regulations shall require that, to the extent contractors enjoy importation or tax privileges in a foreign country because of their contractual relationship to the United States Government, after the effective date of this chapter contracting agencies shall include provisions in their contracts to carry out the purpose of this chapter.

(c) Chief of mission

In order to ensure that due account is taken of local conditions, including applicable laws, markets, exchange rate factors, and accommodation exchange facilities, such regulations may authorize the chief of mission to each foreign country to establish more detailed policies, rules, or procedures for the application of this chapter within that country to employees under the chief of mission's jurisdiction.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title III, §303, as added Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §186(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1368.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For the effective date of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), as being 180 days after Dec. 22, 1987, see section 186(b) of Pub. L. 100–204 set out as an Effective Date note under section 4341 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Dec. 22, 1987, see section 186(b) of Pub. L. 100–204, set out as a note under section 4741 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2660 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2660: Copies of treaties furnished to Director of the Government Publishing Office
Copies of treaties furnished to Director of the Government Publishing Office
Status: in_force

The Secretary of State shall furnish to the Director of the Government Publishing Office a correct copy of every treaty between the United States and any foreign government as soon as possible after it has been duly ratified and has been proclaimed by the President; and also of every postal convention made between the United States Postal Service, by and with the advice and consent of the President, on the part of the United States and foreign countries, as soon as possible after copies of such conventions have been transmitted to him by the United States Postal Service.

(R.S. §210; June 20, 1874, ch. 328, 18 Stat. 88; 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1272; Pub. L. 91–375, §4(a), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 773; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §210 derived from acts Mar. 9, 1868, ch. 22, §1, 15 Stat. 40; June 8, 1872, ch. 335, §20, 17 Stat. 287.

Section was formerly classified to section 165 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Provisions of R.S. §210, act June 20, 1874, and 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, cited as credits to this section, insofar as related to duty of Administrator of General Services to furnish to Public Printer a correct copy of every Act and joint resolution, as soon as possible after its approval by President, or after it has become a law in accordance with the Constitution without such approval, were classified to section 191a of former Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, prior to repeal and reenactment as section 710 of Title 44 by Pub. L. 90–620, which enacted Title 44. Section 2(a) of Pub. L. 90–620 provided that the legislative purpose in enacting Title 44 was to restate without substantive change the laws replaced by revised Title 44. Because revised section 710 of Title 44 did not restate those provisions of R.S. §210 and act June 20, 1874, which appear in this section, this section is not considered as having been repealed by section 3 of Pub. L. 90–620.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Director of the Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Public Printer" in text on authority of section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Transfer of Functions

"United States Postal Service" substituted in text for "Postmaster General" pursuant to section 4(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as a note under section 201 of Title 39, Postal Service, which abolished office of Postmaster General of Post Office Department and transferred its functions to United States Postal Service.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Reorg. Plan No. 20 of 1950, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, transferred various functions of Secretary of State to Administrator of General Services but excepted from transfer the functions of Secretary of State with respect to treaties and other international agreements under R.S. §210, as amended (this section).
22 U.S.C. § 24 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 1: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE GENERALLY / Section 24: Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(67), 60 Stat. 1040
Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(67), 60 Stat. 1040
Status: repealed

Section, act May 3, 1945, ch. 105, §12, 59 Stat. 105, related to restriction on transaction of business by officers and employees.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective three months after Aug. 13, 1946, see act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1141, 60 Stat. 1040.
22 U.S.C. § 2152g (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2152g: Annual report
Annual report
Status: in_force

(a) Report

Not later than one year after the date on which the President transmits to the appropriate congressional committees the strategy required by section 4(a), and annually thereafter, the President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the implementation of this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

(b) Contents

The report shall contain the following information for grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, contributions, and other forms of assistance awarded or entered into under section 2152f of this title:

(1) The amount of funding, the name of recipient organizations, the location of programs and activities, the status of progress of programs and activities, and the estimated number of orphans and other vulnerable children who received direct or indirect assistance under the programs and activities.

(2) The results of the monitoring and evaluation system with respect to assistance for orphans and other vulnerable children.

(3) The percentage of assistance provided in support of orphans or other vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS.

(4) Any other appropriate information relating to the needs of orphans and other vulnerable children in developing countries that could be addressed through the provision of assistance authorized in section 2152f of this title or under any other provision of law.

(Pub. L. 109–95, §5, Nov. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 2117.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4(a), referred to in subsec. (a), is section 4(a) of Pub. L. 109–95, which is set out as a note under section 2152f of this title.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 109–95, Nov. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 2111, known as the Assistance for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children in Developing Countries Act of 2005, which enacted this section and section 2152f of this title and enacted provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2151 and 2152f of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2005 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Assistance for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children in Developing Countries Act of 2005, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined

Pub. L. 109–95, §6, Nov. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 2118, provided that: "In this Act [see Short Title of 2005 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title], the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives."
22 U.S.C. § 2797a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter VII: CONTROL OF MISSILES AND MISSILE EQUIPMENT OR TECHNOLOGY / Section 2797a: Denial of transfer of missile equipment or technology by United States persons
Denial of transfer of missile equipment or technology by United States persons
Status: in_force

(a) Sanctions

(1) If the President determines that a United States person knowingly—

(A) exports, transfers, or otherwise engages in the trade of any item on the MTCR Annex, in violation of the provisions of section 2778 of this title, section 4604 or 4605 1 of title 50 or any regulations or orders issued under any such provisions,

(B) conspires to or attempts to engage in such export, transfer, or trade, or

(C) facilitates such export, transfer, or trade by any other person,

then the President shall impose the applicable sanctions described in paragraph (2).

(2) The sanctions which apply to a United States person under paragraph (1) are the following:

(A) If the item on the MTCR Annex involved in the export, transfer, or trade is missile equipment or technology within category II of the MTCR Annex, then the President shall deny to such United States person for a period of 2 years—

(i) United States Government contracts relating to missile equipment or technology; and

(ii) licenses for the transfer of missile equipment or technology controlled under this chapter.

(B) If the item on the MTCR Annex involved in the export, transfer, or trade is missile equipment or technology within category I of the MTCR, then the President shall deny to such United States person for a period of not less than 2 years—

(i) all United States Government contracts, and

(ii) all export licenses and agreements for items on the United States Munitions List.

(b) Discretionary sanctions

In the case of any determination made pursuant to subsection (a), the President may pursue any penalty provided in section 2778(c) of this title.

(c) Presumption

In determining whether to apply sanctions under subsection (a) to a United States person involved in the export, transfer, or trade of an item on the MTCR Annex, it should be a rebuttable presumption that such item is designed for use in a missile listed in the MTCR Annex if the President determines that the final destination of the item is a country the government of which the Secretary of State has determined, for purposes of 2 4605(j)(1)(A) 1 of title 50, has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.

(d) Waiver

The President may waive the imposition of sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a product or service if the President certifies to the Congress that—

(1) the product or service is essential to the national security of the United States; and

(2) such person is a sole source supplier of the product or service, the product or service is not available from any alternative reliable supplier, and the need for the product or service cannot be met in a timely manner by improved manufacturing processes or technological developments.

(Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 7, §72, as added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XVII, §1703, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1745; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §734(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 505.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 4604 and 4605 of title 50, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1)(A) and (c), were repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1321, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1994—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 103–236 added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of certain functions of the President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12851, §2(a), June 11, 1993, 58 F.R. 33181, set out as a note under section 2797 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by "section".
22 U.S.C. § 7208 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 79: TRADE SANCTIONS REFORM AND EXPORT ENHANCEMENT / Section 7208: Prohibition on additional imports from Cuba
Prohibition on additional imports from Cuba
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to alter, modify, or otherwise affect the provisions of section 515.204 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, relating to the prohibition on the entry into the United States of merchandise that: (1) is of Cuban origin; (2) is or has been located in or transported from or through Cuba; or (3) is made or derived in whole or in part of any article which is the growth, produce, or manufacture of Cuba.

(Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title IX, §909], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–71.)
22 U.S.C. § 4062 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4062: Unfunded liability obligations
Unfunded liability obligations
Status: in_force

(a) Notice of interest and military service credit

At the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary of State shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the amount equivalent to—

(1) interest on the unfunded liability computed for that year at the interest rate used in the then most recent valuation of the System, and

(2) that portion of disbursement for annuities for that year which the Secretary of State estimates is attributable to credit allowed for military and naval service, less an amount determined by the Secretary of State to be appropriate to reflect the value of the deposits made to the credit of the Fund under section 4045(e) of this title.

(b) Credit to Fund

Before closing the accounts for each fiscal year, the Secretary of the Treasury shall credit such amounts to the Fund, as a Government contribution, out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated.

(c) Reports to Congress

Requests for appropriations to the Fund under section 4061(b) of this title shall include reports to the Congress on the sums credited to the Fund under this section.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §822, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2121; Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §4(d), Oct. 17, 1983, 48 F.R. 48445.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1983—Subsec. (a)(2). Ex. Ord. No. 12446 inserted ", less an amount determined by the Secretary of State to be appropriate to reflect the value of the deposits made to the credit of the Fund under section 4045(e) of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Ex. Ord. No. 12446 effective Oct. 17, 1983, see section 4(e) of Ex. Ord. No. 12446, set out under section 4067 of this title.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsec. (c) of this section is listed on page 127), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
22 U.S.C. § 9501 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 102: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Subchapter I: SANCTIONS AND OTHER MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION / Section 9501: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) On March 6, 2014, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on those determined to be undermining democratic processes and institutions in Ukraine or threatening the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. President Obama subsequently issued Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) and Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) to expand sanctions on certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine.

(2) On December 18, 2014, the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 was enacted (Public Law 113–272; 22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.), which includes provisions directing the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons that the President determines to be entities owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation or nationals of the Russian Federation that manufacture, sell, transfer, or otherwise provide certain defense articles into Syria.

(3) On April 1, 2015, President Obama issued Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on persons determined to be engaged in malicious cyber-hacking.

(4) On July 26, 2016, President Obama approved a Presidential Policy Directive on United States Cyber Incident Coordination, which states, "certain cyber incidents that have significant impacts on an entity, our national security, or the broader economy require a unique approach to response efforts".

(5) On December 29, 2016, President Obama issued an annex to Executive Order No. 13694,1 which authorized sanctions on the following entities and individuals:

(A) The Main Intelligence Directorate (also known as Glavnoe Razvedyvatel'noe Upravlenie or the GRU) in Moscow, Russian Federation.

(B) The Federal Security Service (also known as Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti or the FSB) in Moscow, Russian Federation.

(C) The Special Technology Center (also known as STLC, Ltd. Special Technology Center St. Petersburg) in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

(D) Zorsecurity (also known as Esage Lab) in Moscow, Russian Federation.

(E) The autonomous noncommercial organization known as the Professional Association of Designers of Data Processing Systems (also known as ANO PO KSI) in Moscow, Russian Federation.

(F) Igor Valentinovich Korobov.

(G) Sergey Aleksandrovich Gizunov.

(H) Igor Olegovich Kostyukov.

(I) Vladimir Stepanovich Alexseyev.

(6) On January 6, 2017, an assessment of the United States intelligence community entitled, "Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections" stated, "Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the United States presidential election." The assessment warns that "Moscow will apply lessons learned from its Putin-ordered campaign aimed at the U.S. Presidential election to future influence efforts worldwide, including against U.S. allies and their election processes".

(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §211, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 898.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order No. 13660, referred to in par. (1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13660, Mar. 6, 2014, 79 F.R. 13493, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13661, referred to in par. (1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13661, Mar. 16, 2014, 79 F.R. 15535, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13662, referred to in par. (1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13662, Mar. 20, 2014, 79 F.R. 16169, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

The Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 113–272, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2952, which is classified generally to chapter 96A (§8921 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8921 of this title and Tables.

Executive Order No. 13694, referred to in par. (3), is Ex. Ord. No. 13694, Apr. 1, 2015, 80 F.R. 18077, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

The annex to Executive Order No. 13694, referred to in par. (5), probably means Ex. Ord. No. 13757, §§1–3, Dec. 28, 2016, 82 F.R. 1, 2, which amended Ex. Ord. No. 13694.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XX, §2001, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3222, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter III of this chapter and amending sections 2421 and 9543 of this title] may be cited as the 'European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §201, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 898, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter and sections 8909 and 8910 of this title, amending sections 8901, 8907, 8908, 8923, and 8924 of this title, section 5326 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 3021 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 3021 of Title 50] may be cited as the 'Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §215, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 900, provided that: "This part [part 1 (§§215, 216) of subtitle A of title II of Pub. L. 115–44, enacting part A of this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017'."

Rule of Construction

Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §291, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 939, provided that: "Nothing in this title [see section 201 of Pub. L. 115–44, set out as a Short Title note above] or the amendments made by this title (other than sections 216 and 236(b) [enacting sections 9511 and 9530(b) of this title, respectively]) shall be construed to limit the authority of the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)."

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 420 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 9: FOREIGN WARS, WAR MATERIALS, AND NEUTRALITY / Subchapter I: WAR MATERIALS / Section 420: Repealed. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, §1, 61 Stat. 449
Repealed. July 25, 1947, ch. 327, §1, 61 Stat. 449
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 2, 1941, ch. 84, §5, 55 Stat. 150; June 16, 1942, ch. 416, 56 Stat. 370, related to application of sections 1119a and 1119b of former Title 46, Shipping, to functions of the Maritime Commission under sections 411, 412 and 413 to 419 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 276e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter I: CANADA-UNITED STATES INTERPARLIAMENTARY GROUP / Section 276e: Authorization of appropriations; disbursements
Authorization of appropriations; disbursements
Status: in_force

An appropriation of $150,000 annually is authorized, $75,000 of which shall be for the House delegation and $75,000 for the Senate delegation, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to assist in meeting the expenses of the United States group of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group for each fiscal year for which an appropriation is made, the House and Senate portions of such appropriation to be disbursed on vouchers to be approved by the Chairman of the House delegation and the Chairman of the Senate delegation, respectively.

(Pub. L. 86–42, §2, June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 94–350, title I, §118(a), July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 827; Pub. L. 103–236, title V, §502(a)(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 107–77, title IV, §408(b)(3), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 791.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2001—Pub. L. 107–77 substituted "$150,000" for "$70,000" and substituted "$75,000" for "$35,000" in two places.

1994—Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "$70,000" for "$50,000" and substituted "$35,000" for "$25,000" in two places.

1976—Pub. L. 94–350 increased annual appropriations authorization to $50,000 from $30,000 and amount for the House and Senate delegations to $25,000 from $15,000.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Permanent Appropriation for Delegation Expenses

Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXV, §2503(e), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–837, provided that: "Unobligated balances of appropriations made under section 303 of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations [Appropriation] Act[,] 1988 (as contained in section 101(a) of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 1988; Public Law 100–202 [set out below]) that are available as of the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998] shall be transferred on such date to the general fund of the Treasury of the United States."

Pub. L. 103–236, title V, §502(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 462, provided that: "Funds appropriated and disbursed pursuant to section 303 of Title III [of section 101(a)] of Public Law 100–202 (101 Stat. 1329–23; 22 U.S.C. 276 note [now 276e note]) are authorized to be deposited in interest-bearing accounts and any interest which accrues shall be deposited, periodically, in a miscellaneous account of the Treasury."

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(a) [title III, §303], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329, 1329–23, as amended by Pub. L. 100–459, title III, §303(a), Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2207; Pub. L. 101–515, title III, §304(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2128; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXV, §2503(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–837; Pub. L. 107–77, title IV, §408(a), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790, provided that: "There is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, a total of $620,000 for each fiscal year to carry out (in accordance with the respective authorization amounts) section 2(2) of Public Law 84–689 [22 U.S.C. 1928b(2)], section 2 of Public Law 86–42 [22 U.S.C. 276e], section 2 of Public Law 86–420 [22 U.S.C. 276i], and section 109(b) and (c) of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 [§109(b), (c) of Pub. L. 98–164, title I, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1019, set out as a note under section 276l of this title].. [sic] These funds may be disbursed to each delegation, pursuant to vouchers in accordance with the applicable provisions of law, at any time requested by the Chairman of the delegation after that fiscal year begins."

[Pub. L. 107–77, title IV, §408(a), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 790, which directed the amendment of section 101(a) [title III, §303] of Pub. L. 100–202, set out above, by substituting "$620,000" for "$440,000", was executed by making the substitution for "$350,000" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–277, §2503(c)(1).]

[Pub. L. 100–459, title III, §303(c), Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2207, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending section 101(a) [title III, §303] of Pub. L. 100–202, set out above] shall take effect on October 1, 1988."]
22 U.S.C. § 2451 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 33: MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM / Section 2451: Congressional statement of purpose
Congressional statement of purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.

(Pub. L. 87–256, §101, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, known as the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 87–256, §1, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 1101, 1182 and 1258 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, sections 117, 871, 872, 1441, 3121, 3306, 3401 and 3402 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 1431(2), 1434, 1439, 1440, 1446, 1448, 1466 to 1468 and 1991 to 2001 of this title, sections 222 to 224 of Title 20, Education, and former section 1641(b)(2) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and under sections 117, 1441, 3121 and 3401 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961'."

Pub. L. 87–256 is also popularly known as the "Fulbright-Hays Act".

Transfer of Functions

Functions vested in President, Secretary of State, Department of State, United States Information Agency or Director thereof under this chapter transferred to Director of International Communication Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, §7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, set out under section 1461 of this title, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time as specified by President, except (A) for such functions as are vested by sections 2452(b)(6), (10), 2454(a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g), 2455(a), (b), (c), 2456(a) and 2458 of this title, (B) for such functions as are vested by sections 2454(b), 2455(d)(2), (f), and 2456(d), (f) of this title, to extent that such functions were assigned to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Secretary of Education] immediately prior to effective date of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, and (C) for such functions as are vested by section 2456(b), (c) of this title to extent that any such function therein is vested in President or Secretary of State. International Communication Agency, and Director thereof, redesignated United States Information Agency, and Director thereof, by section 303 of Pub. L. 97–241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. References to United States Information Agency or International Communication Agency deemed to refer to Department of State, see section 6551 of this title.

Expansion of United States Scholarship and Exchange Programs in the Islamic World

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7112, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3796, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Consistent with the report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) Exchange, scholarship, and library programs are effective ways for the United States Government to promote internationally the values and ideals of the United States.

"(2) Exchange, scholarship, and library programs can expose young people from other countries to United States values and offer them knowledge and hope.

"(b) Declaration of Policy.—Consistent with the report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Congress declares that—

"(1) the United States should commit to a long-term and sustainable investment in promoting engagement with people of all levels of society in countries with predominantly Muslim populations, particularly with youth and those who influence youth;

"(2) such an investment should make use of the talents and resources in the private sector and should include programs to increase the number of people who can be exposed to the United States and its fundamental ideas and values in order to dispel misconceptions; and

"(3) such programs should include youth exchange programs, young ambassadors programs, international visitor programs, academic and cultural exchange programs, American Corner programs, library programs, journalist exchange programs, sister city programs, and other programs related to people-to-people diplomacy.

"(c) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States should significantly increase its investment in the people-to-people programs described in subsection (b).

"(d) Authority To Expand Educational and Cultural Exchanges.—The President is authorized to substantially expand the exchange, scholarship, and library programs of the United States, especially such programs that benefit people in the Muslim world.

"(e) Availability of Funds.—Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated in each of the fiscal years 2005 and 2006 for educational and cultural exchange programs, there shall be available to the Secretary of State such sums as may be necessary to carry out programs under this section, unless otherwise authorized by Congress."

Advisory Committee on Cultural Diplomacy

Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, §224, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1368, provided for the establishment of an advisory committee on cultural diplomacy to advise the Secretary of State on programs and policies to advance the use of cultural diplomacy in United States foreign policy and for the termination of the committee on Sept. 30, 2005.

Continuation of Certain Executive Orders, Agreements, Determinations, Regulations, Contracts, Appointments, and Other Actions

Pub. L. 87–256, §111(b), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, provided that: "All Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of any provisions of law repealed by subsection (a) of this section [repealing sections 1431(2), 1434, 1439, 1440, 1446, 1448, 1466 to 1468, and 1991 to 2001 of this title, sections 222 to 224 of Title 20, Education, and former section 1641(b)(2) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense] shall continue in full force and effect, and shall be applicable to the appropriate provisions of this Act [this chapter] until modified or superseded by appropriate authority."

References in Other Laws to Repealed Provisions

Pub. L. 87–256, §111(c), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, provided that: "Any reference in any other Act to the provisions of law listed in subsection (a) [repealing sections 1431(2), 1434, 1439, 1440, 1446, 1448, 1466 to 1468, and 1991 to 2001 of this title, sections 222 to 224 of Title 20, Education, and former section 1641(b)(2) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense] shall hereafter be considered to be references to the appropriate provisions of this Act [this chapter]."
22 U.S.C. § 290j (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XXV: UNITED STATES-INDIA FUND FOR CULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION / Section 290j: Establishment of the Fund
Establishment of the Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Agreement with Government of India; program purposes

The President is authorized to enter into an agreement with the Government of India for the establishment of a fund (hereafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Fund") which would provide grants and other assistance for cultural, educational, and scientific programs of mutual interest. Such programs may include exchanges of persons, exchanges of information, and other programs of study, research, and scholarly cooperation. The agreement may also provide for the establishment of an endowment, a foundation, or other means to carry out the purposes of the agreement.

(b) United States representatives

The United States representatives on any board or other entity created in accordance with the agreement to administer the Fund shall be designated by the President predominately from among representatives of United States Government agencies, including those administering programs which may be supported in whole or in part by the Fund.

(c) Funding of programs

United States Government agencies carrying out programs of the types specified in subsection (a) may receive amounts directly from the Fund for use in carrying out those programs.

(Pub. L. 98–164, title IX, §902, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1051.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 98–164, title IX, §901, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1051, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation Act'."

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12517. Delegation Concerning United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation

Ex. Ord. No. 12517, May 29, 1985, 50 F.R. 23105, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and in order to delegate certain functions concerning the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation to the Secretary of State, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. All functions vested in the President by the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation Act (Title IX of Public Law 98–164, 97 Stat. 1051; "the Act") [22 U.S.C. 290j et seq.] are delegated to the Secretary of State.

Sec. 2. India rupees provided to the President for purposes of Title IX of the Act and under Title III of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985 (Public Law 98–411, 98 Stat. 1545) are allocated to the Secretary of the Treasury for investment to generate earnings for purposes of Title IX of the Act.

Ronald Reagan.
22 U.S.C. § 9243 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 99: NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS AND POLICY ENHANCEMENT / Subchapter III: PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS / Section 9243: Report on and imposition of sanctions with respect to serious human rights abuses or censorship in North Korea
Report on and imposition of sanctions with respect to serious human rights abuses or censorship in North Korea
Status: in_force

(a) Report required

(1) In general

The Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—

(A) identifies each person the Secretary determines to be responsible for serious human rights abuses or censorship in North Korea and describes the conduct of that person; and

(B) describes serious human rights abuses or censorship undertaken by the Government of North Korea or any person acting for or on behalf of that Government in the most recent year ending before the submission of the report.

(2) Consideration

In preparing the report required under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State shall—

(A) give due consideration to the findings of the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea; and

(B) make specific findings with respect to the responsibility of Kim Jong Un, and of each individual who is a member of the National Defense Commission of North Korea or the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers' Party of Korea, for serious human rights abuses and censorship.

(3) Submission and form

(A) Submission

The report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted not later than 120 days after February 18, 2016, and every 180 days thereafter for a period not to exceed 3 years, and shall be included in each human rights report required under sections 2151n(d) and 2304(b) of this title.

(B) Form

The report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(C) Public availability

The Secretary of State shall publish the unclassified part of the report required under paragraph (1) on the website of the Department of State.

(b) Designation of persons

The President shall designate under section 9214(a) of this title any person listed in the report required under subsection (a)(1) that—

(1) knowingly engages in, is responsible for, or facilitates censorship by the Government of North Korea; or

(2) knowingly engages in, is responsible for, or facilitates serious human rights abuses by the Government of North Korea.

(c) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that the President should—

(1) seek the prompt adoption by the United Nations Security Council of a resolution calling for the blocking of the assets of all persons responsible for severe human rights abuses or censorship in North Korea; and

(2) fully cooperate with the prosecution of any individual listed in the report required under subsection (a)(1) before any international tribunal that may be established to prosecute persons responsible for severe human rights abuses or censorship in North Korea.

(Pub. L. 114–122, title III, §304, Feb. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 113.)

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions and authorities of President under subsec. (b) of this section delegated to Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with Secretary of State, by Memorandum of President of the United States, May 18, 2016, 81 F.R. 37479, set out as a note under section 9212 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 280h (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter VIII: CARIBBEAN COMMISSION / Section 280h: Representation in Caribbean Commission; appointment of commissioners and alternates
Representation in Caribbean Commission; appointment of commissioners and alternates
Status: in_force

The President is hereby authorized to accept membership for the United States in the Caribbean Commission, created by "An agreement for the establishment of the Caribbean Commission," signed in Washington on October 30, 1946, by representatives of the Governments of the French Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and to appoint the United States Commissioners, and their alternates, thereto.

(Mar. 4, 1948, ch. 97, §1, 62 Stat. 66.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Purpose of Commission

Act Mar. 4, 1948, ch. 97, 62 Stat. 65, provided that:

"Whereas representatives of the Governments of the French Republic, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America signed 'An Agreement for the establishment of the Caribbean Commission' in Washington on October 30, 1946, which agreement continued and extended the international cooperative arrangements initiated in 1942 between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States; and

"Whereas the purpose of the Caribbean Commission is to encourage and strengthen international cooperation in promoting the economic and social welfare and advancement of the non-self-governing territories in the Caribbean area, whose economic and social development is of vital interest to the security of the United States, in accordance with the principles set forth in chapter XI of the Charter of the United Nations: Therefore be it".

Acceptance of Caribbean Organization Agreement

Pub. L. 87–73, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 194, provided: "That the President is hereby authorized to accept on behalf of the Government of the United States of America the 'Agreement for the Establishment of the Caribbean Organization' signed at Washington on June 21, 1960, by representatives of the Governments of the Republic of France, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America; that the participation of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands of the United States in the Caribbean Organization is hereby authorized; that the Caribbean Organization shall, upon promulgation by the President of an Executive order to this effect, be entitled to the privileges, exemptions, and immunities conferred by the International Organizations Immunities Act (59 Stat. 669; 22 U.S.C. 288); and that the Secretary of State is hereby authorized to appoint or designate a United States observer to the Caribbean Organization."

Termination of Caribbean Commission

Article III of the Agreement of the Establishment of the Caribbean Organization provides that "On the termination of the Agreement for the establishment of the Caribbean Commission, signed at Washington on October 30, 1946, the assets of the Caribbean Commission shall be and are by virtue of this Agreement transferred to and vested in the Caribbean Organization. The Caribbean Organization is hereby authorized to assume at the same time the liabilities of the Caribbean Commission and shall be regarded as the successor body to the Caribbean Commission."

Article IV of such Agreement provides that "The Agreement for the establishment of the Caribbean Commission shall terminate at the end of the first meeting of the Caribbean Council provided for in the Statute annexed to this Agreement."

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 10609. Delegation of Authority To Appoint Alternate Commissioners

Ex. Ord. No. 10609, May 7, 1955, 20 F.R. 3147, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code (65 Stat. 713), and as President of the United States, it is ordered that the Secretary of State be, and he is hereby, designated and empowered to exercise, without the approval, ratification, or other action of the President, so much of the authority vested in the President by the first section of the Joint Resolution of March 4, 1948, entitled "Joint Resolution providing for membership and participation by the United States in the Caribbean Commission and authorizing an appropriation therefor" (62 Stat. 66; 22 U.S.C. 280h) as consists of authority to appoint alternate United States Commissioners to the Caribbean Commission.

Dwight D. Eisenhower.
22 U.S.C. § 4081a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IX: TRAVEL, LEAVE, AND OTHER BENEFITS / Section 4081a: Exception for Government-financed air transportation; reducing hardship for transportation of domestic animals
Exception for Government-financed air transportation; reducing hardship for transportation of domestic animals
Status: in_force

(1) In general

Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (c) of section 40118 of title 49, the Department and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and other United States Government employees under chief of mission authority are authorized to pay for the transportation by a foreign air carrier of Department and USAID personnel, and other United States Government employees under chief of mission authority and any in-cabin or accompanying checked baggage or cargo if—

(A) no air carrier holding a certificate under section 41102 of such title is willing and able to transport up to 3 domestic animals accompanying such Federal personnel; and

(B) the transportation is from a place—

(i) outside the United States to a place in the United States;

(ii) in the United States to a place outside the United States; or

(iii) outside the United States to another place outside the United States.

(2) Limitation

An amount paid pursuant to paragraph (1) for transportation by a foreign carrier may not be greater than the amount that would otherwise have been paid had the transportation been on an air carrier holding a certificate under section 41102 had that carrier been willing and able to provide such transportation. If the amount that would otherwise have been paid to such an air carrier is less than the cost of transportation on the applicable foreign carrier, the Department personnel may pay the difference of such amount.

(3) Domestic animal defined

In this subsection, the term "domestic animal" means a dog or a cat.

(Pub. L. 118–31, div. F, title LXII, §6224(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXVI, §7604, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2553.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subsection, referred to in par. (3), means subsec. (a) of section 6224 of Pub. L. 118–31, which is classified to this section.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of State Authorization Act of 2023, and also as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, and not as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2024—Par. (1). Pub. L. 118–159, in introductory provisions, substituted "the Department and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and other United States Government employees under chief of mission authority are" for "the Department is" and "Department and USAID personnel, and other United States Government employees under chief of mission authority" for "Department personnel".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definition

For definition of "Department" as used in this section, see section 6002 of Pub. L. 118–31, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2715a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2715a: Provision of information on certain violent crimes abroad to victims and victims' families
Provision of information on certain violent crimes abroad to victims and victims' families
Status: in_force

(a) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) it is in the national interests of the United States to provide information regarding the killing, abduction, torture, or other serious mistreatment of United States citizens abroad to the victims of such crimes, or the families of victims of such crimes if they are United States citizens; and

(2) the provision of such information is sufficiently important that the discharge of the responsibility for identifying and disseminating such information should be vested in a cabinet-level officer of the United States Government.

(b) Responsibility

The Secretary of State shall take appropriate actions to ensure that the United States Government takes all appropriate actions to—

(1) identify promptly information (including classified information) in the possession of the departments and agencies of the United States Government regarding the killing, abduction, torture, or other serious mistreatment of United States citizens abroad; and

(2) subject to subsection (c), promptly make such information available to—

(A) the victims of such crimes; or

(B) when appropriate, the family members of the victims of such crimes if such family members are United States citizens.

(c) Limitations

The Secretary shall work with the heads of appropriate departments and agencies of the United States Government in order to ensure that information relevant to a crime covered by subsection (b) is promptly reviewed and, to the maximum extent practicable, without jeopardizing sensitive sources and methods or other vital national security interests, or without jeopardizing an on-going criminal investigation or proceeding, made available under that subsection unless such disclosure is specifically prohibited by law.

(Pub. L. 105–107, title III, §307, Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2252.)
22 U.S.C. § 3201 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION / Section 3201: Congressional declaration of policy
Congressional declaration of policy
Status: in_force

The Congress finds and declares that the proliferation of nuclear explosive devices or of the direct capability to manufacture or otherwise acquire such devices poses a grave threat to the security interests of the United States and to continued international progress toward world peace and development. Recent events emphasize the urgency of this threat and the imperative need to increase the effectiveness of international safeguards and controls on peaceful nuclear activities to prevent proliferation. Accordingly, it is the policy of the United States to—

(a) actively pursue through international initiatives mechanisms for fuel supply assurances and the establishment of more effective international controls over the transfer and use of nuclear materials and equipment and nuclear technology for peaceful purposes in order to prevent proliferation, including the establishment of common international sanctions;

(b) take such actions as are required to confirm the reliability of the United States in meeting its commitments to supply nuclear reactors and fuel to nations which adhere to effective non-proliferation policies by establishing procedures to facilitate the timely processing of requests for subsequent arrangements and export licenses;

(c) strongly encourage nations which have not ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to do so at the earliest possible date; and

(d) cooperate with foreign nations in identifying and adapting suitable technologies for energy production and, in particular, to identify alternative options to nuclear power in aiding such nations to meet their energy needs, consistent with the economic and material resources of those nations and environmental protection.

(Pub. L. 95–242, §2, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 95–242, title VI, §603(c), Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 152, provided that: "Except where otherwise provided, the provisions of this Act [see Short Title note below] shall take effect immediately upon enactment [Mar. 10, 1978] regardless of any requirement for the promulgation of regulations to implement such provisions."

Short Title

Pub. L. 95–242, §1, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter and sections 2139a, 2141, 2153a to 2153e, 2153f, and 2155 to 2160a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 2074, 2075, 2077, 2094, 2139, and 2153 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3201, 3222, and 3262 of this title and section 2139 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978'."

Nuclear Proliferation Prevention; Effective and Termination Dates of 1994 Amendment

Title VIII of Pub. L. 103–236, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 507, known as the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994, was amended by Pub. L. 104–164, title I, §157, July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1440. As so amended, title VIII has been primarily transferred to chapter 72 (§6301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title VIII to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Advocacy and Encouragement by United States of Nonparties to Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons To Become Signatories; Report to Congress

Pub. L. 96–53, title V, §507, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 378, as amended by Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §734(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560, provided that:

"(a) In accordance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 [see Short Title note above], the Congress strongly urges all nations which are not parties to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to become parties to that treaty.

"(b) [Repealed. Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §734(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560.]"

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12058. Functions Relating to Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Ex. Ord. No. 12058, May 11, 1978, 43 F.R. 20947, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–242, 92 Stat. 120, 22 U.S.C. 3201) [see Short Title note above] and the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Department of Energy. The following functions vested in the President by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 120, 22 U.S.C. 3201), hereinafter referred to as the Act, and by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), hereinafter referred to as the 1954 Act, are delegated or assigned to the Secretary of Energy:

(a) That function vested by Section 402(b) of the Act (92 Stat. 145, 42 U.S.C. 2153a).

(b) Those functions vested by Sections 131a(2)(G), 131b(1), and 131f(2) of the 1954 Act (92 Stat. 127, 42 U.S.C. 2160).

(c) That function vested by Section 131f(1)(A)(ii) of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C. 2160(f)(1)(A)(ii)], to the extent it relates to the preparation of a detailed generic plan.

Sec. 2. Department of State. The Secretary of State shall be responsible for performing the following functions vested in the President:

(a) Those functions vested by Sections 104(a), 104(d), 105, 403, 404, 407, and 501 of the Act (92 Stat. 122, 123, 123, 146, 147, 148, and 148, 22 U.S.C. 3223(a), 3223(d), 3224, and 42 U.S.C. 2153b, 2153c, 2153e, and 22 U.S.C. 3261).

(b) That function vested by Section 128a(2) of the 1954 Act (92 Stat. 137, 42 U.S.C. 2157(a)(2)).

(c) That function vested by Section 601 of the Act [section 3281 of this title] to the extent it relates to the preparation of an annual report.

(d) The preparation of timely information and recommendations related to the President's functions vested by Sections 126, 128b, and 129 of the 1954 Act (92 Stat. 131, 137, and 138, 42 U.S.C. 2155, 2157, and 2158).

(e) That function vested by Section 131c of the 1954 Act (92 Stat. 129, 42 U.S.C. 2160(c)); except that, the Secretary shall not waive the 60-day requirement for the preparation of a Nuclear Non-Proliferation Assessment Statement for more than 60 days without the approval of the President.

Sec. 3. Department of Commerce. The Secretary of Commerce shall be responsible for performing the function vested in the President by Section 309(c) of the Act (92 Stat. 141, 42 U.S.C. 2139a).

Sec. 4. Coordination. In performing the functions assigned to them by this Order, the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of State shall consult and coordinate their actions with each other and with the heads of other concerned agencies.

Sec. 5. General Provisions. (a) Executive Order No. 11902 of February 2, 1976, entitled "Procedures for an Export Licensing Policy as to Nuclear Materials and Equipment," is revoked.

(b) The performance of functions under either the Act or the 1954 Act shall not be delayed pending the development of procedures, even though as many as 120 days are allowed for establishing them. Except where it would be inconsistent to do so, such functions shall be carried out in accordance with procedures similar to those in effect immediately prior to the effective date of the Act.

Jimmy Carter.
22 U.S.C. § 6482 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter V: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 6482: Voluntary codes of conduct for United States institutions of higher education outside the United States
Voluntary codes of conduct for United States institutions of higher education outside the United States
Status: in_force

(a) Finding

Congress recognizes the enduring importance of United States institutions of higher education worldwide—

(1) for their potential for shaping positive leadership and new educational models in host countries; and

(2) for their emphasis on teaching universally recognized rights of free inquiry and academic freedom.

(b) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that United States institutions of higher education operating campuses outside the United States or establishing any educational entities with foreign governments, particularly with or in countries the governments of which engage in or tolerate severe violations of religious freedom as identified in the Annual Report, should seek to adopt a voluntary code of conduct for operating in such countries that should—

(1) uphold the right of freedom of religion of their employees and students, including the right to manifest that religion peacefully as protected in international law;

(2) ensure that the religious views and peaceful practice of religion in no way affect, or be allowed to affect, the status of a worker's or faculty member's employment or a student's enrollment; and

(3) make every effort in all negotiations, contracts, or memoranda of understanding engaged in or constructed with a foreign government to protect academic freedom and the rights enshrined in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

(Pub. L. 105–292, title VII, §702, as added Pub. L. 114–281, title VI, §601, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1438.)
22 U.S.C. § 2507c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2507c: Office of Victim Advocacy
Office of Victim Advocacy
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of Office of Victims 1 Advocacy

(1) In general

The President shall establish an Office of Victim Advocacy in Peace Corps headquarters headed by a full-time Victim's Advocate who shall report directly to the Director. The Office of Victim Advocacy may deploy personnel abroad when necessary to help assist victims.

(2) Prohibition

Peace Corps Medical Officers, Safety and Security Officers, and program staff may not serve as Victim's Advocates. The Victim's Advocate referred to in paragraph (1) may not have any other duties in the Peace Corps that are not reasonably connected to victim advocacy.

(3) Exemption

The Victim's Advocate and any additional Victim's Advocates shall be exempt from the limitations specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) and paragraph (5) under section 2506(a) of this title.

(b) Responsibilities

(1) Victims of sexual assault

The Office of Victim Advocacy shall help develop and update the sexual assault risk-reduction and response training described in section 2507a of this title and the sexual assault policy described in section 2507b of this title, ensure that volunteers who are victims of sexual assault receive services specified in section 2507b(c) of this title, and facilitate their access to such services.

(2) Other crimes

In addition to assisting victims of sexual assault in accordance with paragraph (1), the Office of Victim Advocacy shall assist volunteers who are victims of crime by making such victims aware of the services available to them and facilitating their access to such services.

(3) Priority

The Office of Victim Advocacy shall give priority to cases involving serious crimes, including sexual assault and stalking.

(c) Status updates

The Office of Victim Advocacy shall provide to volunteers who are victims regular updates on the status of their cases if such volunteers have opted to pursue prosecution.

(d) Transition

The Office of Victim Advocacy shall assist volunteers who are victims of crime and whose service has terminated in receiving the services specified in section 2507b(c) of this title requested by such volunteer.

(e) Policymaking

The Director of the Peace Corps shall include the head of the Office of Victim Advocacy in agency-wide policymaking processes in the same manner and to the same extent as the directors or associate directors of other offices within the Peace Corps.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §8C, as added Pub. L. 112–57, §2, Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 739; amended Pub. L. 115–256, title III, §304, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3658.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–256, §304(1), (2), substituted "Victim's Advocate" for "victim advocate" and "Victim's Advocates" for "victim advocates" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–256, §304(3), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "This section shall cease to be effective on October 1, 2018."

1 So in original. Probably should be "Victim".
22 U.S.C. § 1631a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter II: VESTING AND LIQUIDATION OF BULGARIAN, HUNGARIAN, AND RUMANIAN PROPERTY / Section 1631a: Property owned by Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania or any national thereof
Property owned by Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania or any national thereof
Status: in_force

(a) Vesting of property; liquidation; disposition of net proceeds

In accordance with article 25 of the treaty of peace with Bulgaria, article 29 of the treaty of peace with Hungary, and article 27 of the treaty of peace with Rumania, any property which was blocked in accordance with Executive Order 8389 of April 10, 1940, as amended, and remains blocked on August 9, 1955, and which, as of September 15, 1947, was owned directly or indirectly by Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania or by any national thereof as defined in such Executive order, shall vest in such officer or agency as the President may from time to time designate and shall vest when, as, and upon such terms as the President or his designee shall direct. Such property shall be sold or otherwise liquidated as expeditiously as possible after vesting under such rules and regulations as the President or his designee may prescribe. The net proceeds remaining upon completion of the administration and liquidation thereof, including the adjudication of any suits or claims with respect thereto under sections 1631f and 1631g of this title, shall be covered into the Treasury. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection, any such property determined by the President or his designee to be owned directly by a natural person shall not be vested under this subsection but shall remain blocked subject to release when, as, and upon such terms as the President or his designee may prescribe. If, at any time within one year from the date of the vesting of any property under this subsection, the President or his designee shall determine that it was directly owned at the date of vesting by a natural person, then the President or his designee shall divest such property and restore it to its blocked status prior to vesting, subject to release when, as, and upon such terms as the President or his designee may prescribe, or if such property has been liquidated, shall divest the net proceeds thereof and carry them in blocked accounts with the Treasury, bearing no interest, in the name of the owner thereof at the date of vesting, subject to release when, as, and upon such terms as the President or his designee may prescribe.

(b) Net proceeds of property vested in Alien Property Custodian or Attorney General

The net proceeds of any property which was vested in the Alien Property Custodian or the Attorney General after December 17, 1941, pursuant to the Trading With the Enemy Act, as amended [50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.], and which at the date of vesting was owned directly or indirectly by Bulgaria, Hungary, or Rumania, or any national thereof, shall after completion of the administration, liquidation, and disposition of such property pursuant to such Act, including the adjudication of any suits or claims with respect thereto under such Act, be covered into the Treasury, except that the net proceeds of any such property which the President or his designee shall determine was directly owned by a natural person at the date of vesting shall be divested by the President or such officer or agency as he may designate and carried in blocked accounts with the Treasury, bearing no interest, in the name of the owner thereof at the date of vesting, subject to release when, as, and upon such terms as the President or his designee may prescribe.

(c) Determination of ownership by natural person of vested property

The determination under this section that any vested property was not directly owned by a natural person at the date of vesting shall be within the sole discretion of the President or his designee and shall not be subject to review by any court.

(d) Furnishing of information; production of books and records

The President or his designee may require any person to furnish, in the form of reports or otherwise, complete information, including information with regard to past transactions, relative to any property blocked under Executive Order 8389 of April 10, 1940, as amended, or as may be otherwise necessary to enforce the provisions of this section; and the President or his designee may require of any person the production of any books of account, records, contracts, letters, memoranda, or other papers relative to such property or as may be otherwise necessary to enforce the provisions of this section.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title II, §202, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §3, 69 Stat. 562.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order 8389 of April 10, 1940, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Ex. Ord. 8389, Apr. 10, 1940, 5 F.R. 1400, which is set out under section 4305 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

The Trading With the Enemy Act, as amended, and such Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, which is classified generally to chapter 53 (§4301 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 10644

Ex. Ord. No. 10644, Nov. 8, 1955, 20 F.R. 8363, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11281, May 13, 1966, 31 F.R. 7215, which designated the Attorney General to perform functions of the President under this subchapter and the Secretary of the Treasury to perform functions under this section with respect to the release of blocked property and accounts, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.
22 U.S.C. § 5822 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 67: FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT / Subchapter II: BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 5822: Business and Agriculture Advisory Council
Business and Agriculture Advisory Council
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The President is authorized to establish an advisory council to be known as the Independent States Business and Agriculture Advisory Council (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Council")—

(1) to consult with and advise the President periodically regarding programs of assistance for the independent states of the former Soviet Union; and

(2) to evaluate, and consult periodically with the President regarding, the adequacy of bilateral and multilateral assistance programs that would facilitate exports by United States companies to, and investments by United States companies in, the independent states.

(b) Membership

The Council should consist of 15 members, appointed by the President, who are drawn from United States companies reflecting diverse businesses and perspectives that have experience and expertise in dealing with the independent states of the former Soviet Union. The President should designate one such member to serve as Chair of the Council. Five such members should be appointed upon the recommendation of the Speaker and the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives and 5 should be appointed upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate. Members of the Council shall receive no compensation from the United States Government by reason of their service on the Council.

(c) Staff

Upon request of the Chair of the Council, the head of any United States Government agency may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to the Council to assist the Council.

(Pub. L. 102–511, title III, §302, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3333.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Councils

Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
22 U.S.C. § 1477b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter VIII: APPROPRIATIONS AND OTHER FUNDS / Section 1477b: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790
Status: repealed

Section, act Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title VII, §704, as added Pub. L. 96–60, title II, §204(e), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 400; amended Pub. L. 97–241, title I, §112(b), title III, §303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 278, 291; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, §224, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 422, related to nondiscretionary personnel costs and currency fluctuations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6104 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 70: MANSFIELD FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 6104: Mansfield Fellows on detail from Government service
Mansfield Fellows on detail from Government service
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) An agency head may detail, for a period of not more than 2 years, an employee of the agency who has been awarded a Mansfield Fellowship, to the Center.

(2) Each fellow who is detailed under this section shall enter into a written agreement with the Federal Government before receiving a fellowship that the fellow will—

(A) continue in the service of the fellow's agency at the end of the fellowship for a period of at least 2 years unless the fellow is involuntarily separated from the service of such agency; and

(B) pay to the United States Information Agency any additional expenses incurred by the Federal Government in connection with the fellowship if the fellow is voluntarily separated from service with the fellow's agency before the end of the period for which the fellow has agreed to continue in the service of such agency.

(3) The payment agreed to under paragraph (2)(B) may not be required of a fellow who leaves the service of such agency to enter into the service of another agency in any branch of the United States Government unless the head of the agency that authorized the fellowship notifies the employee before the effective date of entry into the service of the other agency that payment will be required under this section.

(b) Status as Government employee

A fellow detailed under subsection (a) is deemed, for the purpose of preserving allowances, privileges, rights, seniority, and other benefits, an employee of the agency from which detailed, and is entitled to pay, allowances, and benefits from funds available to that agency. The authorization and payment of such allowances and other benefits from appropriations available therefore 1 is deemed to comply with section 5536 of title 5.

(c) Reimbursement

Fellows may be detailed under subsection (a) without reimbursement to the United States by the Center.

(d) Allowances and benefits

A fellow detailed under subsection (a) may be paid by the Center for allowances and benefits listed in section 6102(4)(B) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–236, title II, §255, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 431.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "therefor".
22 U.S.C. § 9005 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 97: INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION REMEDIES / Section 9005: Admissibility of documents
Admissibility of documents
Status: in_force

With respect to any application to the United States Central Authority, or any petition to a court under section 9003 of this title, which seeks relief under the Convention, or any other documents or information included with such application or petition or provided after such submission which relates to the application or petition, as the case may be, no authentication of such application, petition, document, or information shall be required in order for the application, petition, document, or information to be admissible in court.

(Pub. L. 100–300, §6, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 439.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 11605 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
22 U.S.C. § 7834 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 85: NORTH KOREAN HUMAN RIGHTS / Subchapter II: ASSISTING NORTH KOREANS IN NEED / Section 7834: Briefings on the welfare of North Korean children
Briefings on the welfare of North Korean children
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of State shall designate a representative to regularly brief the appropriate congressional committees in an unclassified setting on United States Government efforts to advocate for the best interests of North Korean children and children of one North Korean parent, including efforts to address, when appropriate, the adoption of such children living outside North Korea without parental care.

(b) Contents

The Secretary's designee shall be prepared to address in each briefing the following topics:

(1) The analysis of the Department of State of the challenges facing North Korean children residing outside North Korea and challenges facing children of one North Korean parent in other countries who are fleeing persecution or are living as de jure or de facto stateless persons.

(2) Department of State efforts to advocate for the best interest of North Korean children residing outside North Korea or children of one North Korean parent living in other countries who are fleeing persecution or are living as de jure or de facto stateless persons, including, when possible, efforts to address the immediate care and family reunification of these children, and, in individual cases where appropriate, the adoption of eligible North Korean children living outside North Korea and children of one North Korean parent living outside North Korea.

(3) Department of State efforts to develop a comprehensive strategy to address challenges that United States citizens would encounter in attempting to adopt, via intercountry adoption, North Korean-origin children residing in other countries or children of one North Korean parent residing outside North Korea who are fleeing persecution or are living as de jure or de facto stateless persons, including efforts to overcome the complexities involved in determining jurisdiction for best interest determinations and adoption processing, if appropriate, of those who habitually reside in a Hague country or a non-Hague country.

(4) Department of State diplomatic efforts to encourage countries in which North Korean children or children of one North Korean parent are fleeing persecution or reside as de jure or de facto stateless persons to resolve issues of statelessness of North Koreans residing in that country.

(5) Department of State efforts to work with the Government of the Republic of Korea to establish pilot programs that identify, provide for the immediate care of, and assist in the family reunification of North Korean children and children of one North Korean parent living within South Korea and other countries who are fleeing persecution or are living as de jure or de facto stateless persons.

(Pub. L. 112–264, §4, Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2432.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the North Korean Child Welfare Act of 2012, and not as part of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

Pub. L. 112–264, §3, Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2432, provided that: "In this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note under section 7801 of this title]:

"(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

"(2) Hague country.—The term 'Hague country' means a country where the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, done at The Hague May 29, 1993, has entered into force and is fully implemented.

"(3) Non-hague country.—The term 'non-Hague country' means a country where the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, done at The Hague May 29, 1993, has not entered into force."
22 U.S.C. § 6903 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 77: UNITED STATES-CHINA RELATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 6903: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Dispute Settlement Understanding

The term "Dispute Settlement Understanding" means the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes referred to in section 3511(d)(16) of title 19.

(2) Government of the People's Republic of China

The term "Government of the People's Republic of China" means the central Government of the People's Republic of China and any other governmental entity, including any provincial, prefectural, or local entity and any enterprise that is controlled by the central Government or any such governmental entity or as to which the central Government or any such governmental entity is entitled to receive a majority of the profits.

(3) Internationally recognized worker rights

The term "internationally recognized worker rights" has the meaning given that term in section 2467(4) of title 19 and includes the right to the elimination of the "worst forms of child labor", as defined in section 2467(6) of title 19.

(4) Trade Representative

The term "Trade Representative" means the United States Trade Representative.

(5) WTO; World Trade Organization

The terms "WTO" and "World Trade Organization" mean the organization established pursuant to the WTO Agreement.

(6) WTO Agreement

The term "WTO Agreement" means the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization entered into on April 15, 1994.

(7) WTO member

The term "WTO member" has the meaning given that term in section 3501(10) of title 19.

(Pub. L. 106–286, div. B, title II, §204, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 894.)
22 U.S.C. § 2511 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2511: Peace Corps National Advisory Council
Peace Corps National Advisory Council
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

A Peace Corps National Advisory Council (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Council") shall be established in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(b) Functions

(1) The Council shall advise and consult with the President and the Director of the Peace Corps with regard to policies and programs designed to further the purposes of this chapter and shall, as the Council considers appropriate, periodically report to the Congress with regard to the Peace Corps.

(2) Members of the Council shall (subject to subsection (d)(1)) conduct on-site inspections, and make examinations, of the activities of the Peace Corps in the United States and in other countries in order to—

(A) evaluate the accomplishments of the Peace Corps;

(B) assess the potential capabilities and the future role of the Peace Corps;

(C) make recommendations to the President, the Director of the Peace Corps, and, as the Council considers appropriate, the Congress, for the purpose of guiding the future direction of the Peace Corps and of helping to ensure that the purposes and programs of the Peace Corps are carried out in ways that are economical, efficient, responsive to changing needs in developing countries and to changing relationships among people, and in accordance with law; and

(D) make such other evaluations, assessments, and recommendations as the Council considers appropriate.

(3) The Council may provide for public participation in its activities.

(c) Membership

(1) Persons appointed as members of the Council shall be broadly representative of the general public, including educational institutions, private volunteer agencies, private industry, farm organizations, labor unions, different regions of the United States, different educational, economic, racial, and national backgrounds and age groupings, and both sexes.

(2)(A) The Council shall consist of fifteen voting members who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. At least seven of such members shall be former Peace Corps volunteers, and not more than eight of such members shall be members of the same political party.

(B) The first appointments of members of the Council under this paragraph shall be made not more than sixty days after August 8, 1985, and, solely for purposes of determining the expiration of their terms, shall be deemed to take effect on the sixtieth day after August 8, 1985.

(C) No member appointed under this paragraph may be an officer or employee of the United States Government.

(D) Of the members initially appointed under this paragraph, eight shall be appointed to 1-year terms and seven shall be appointed to 2-year terms. Thereafter, all appointed members shall be appointed to 2-year terms.

(E) A member of the Council appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term.

(F) No member of the Council may serve for more than two consecutive 2-year terms.

(G) Members of the Council shall serve at the pleasure of the President.

(H) An appointed member of the Council may be removed by a vote of nine members for malfeasance in office, for persistent neglect of or inability to discharge duties, or for offenses involving moral turpitude, and for no other cause.

(I) Within thirty days after any vacancy occurs in the office of an appointed member of the Council, the President shall nominate an individual to fill the vacancy.

(3) In addition to the voting members of the Council, the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, or their designees, and the Director and Deputy Director of the Peace Corps, shall be non-voting members, ex officio, of the Council.

(d) Compensation

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a member of the Council who is not an officer or employee of the United States Government—

(A) shall be paid compensation out of funds made available for the purposes of this chapter at the daily equivalent of the highest rate payable under section 5332 of title 5 for each day (including travel time) during which the member is engaged in the actual performance of duties as a Council member, and

(B) while away from his or her home or regular place of business on necessary travel, as determined by the Director of the Peace Corps, in the actual performance of duties as a Council member, shall be paid per diem, travel, and transportation expenses in the same manner as is provided under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5.

(2) A member of the Council may not be paid compensation under paragraph (1)(A) for more than twenty days in any calendar year.

(e) Quorum

A majority of the voting members of the Council shall constitute a quorum for the purposes of transacting any business.

(f) Financial interests of members

A member of the Council shall disclose to the Council the existence of any direct or indirect financial interest of that member in any particular matter before the Council and may not vote or otherwise participate as a Council member with respect to that particular matter.

(g) Chair and Vice Chair

At its first meeting and at its first regular meeting in each calendar year thereafter, the Council shall elect a Chair and Vice Chair from among its appointed members who are citizens of the United States. The Chair and Vice Chair may not both be members of the same political party.

(h) Meetings, bylaws, and regulations

(1) The Council shall hold a regular meeting during each calendar quarter and shall meet at the call of the President, the Director of the Peace Corps, the Council's Chair, or one-fourth of its members.

(2) The Council shall prescribe such bylaws and regulations as it considers necessary to carry out its functions. Such bylaws and regulations shall include procedures for fixing the time and place of meetings, giving or waiving of notice of meetings, and keeping of minutes of meetings.

(i) Reports to the President and the Director

Not later than January 1, 1988, and not later than January 1 of each second year thereafter, the Council shall submit to the President and the Director of the Peace Corps a report on its views on the programs and activities of the Peace Corps. Each report shall contain a summary of the advice and recommendations provided by the Council to the President and the Director during the period covered by the report and such recommendations (including recommendations for administrative or legislative action) as the Council considers appropriate to make to the Congress. Within ninety days after receiving each such report, the President shall submit to the Congress a copy of the report, together with any comments concerning the report that the President or the Director considers appropriate.

(j) Administrative assistance

The Director of the Peace Corps shall make available to the Council such personnel, administrative support services, and technical assistance as are necessary to carry out its functions effectively.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §12, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, §1104(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 273.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1) and (d)(1)(A), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2511, Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §12, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 619, established Peace Corps National Advisory Council and set forth its composition, functions, and terms of members, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 92–352, title IV, §403, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 495, effective 90 days after July 13, 1972.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (i) of this section relating to requirement that the President submit to Congress a copy of each report received under subsec. (i), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 14 of House Document No. 103–7.

Termination of Advisory Councils

Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Termination of Similar Advisory Body

Pub. L. 99–83, title XI, §1104(b), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 275, provided that: "Any advisory body carrying out functions similar to those assigned to the Peace Corps National Advisory Council provided for in subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall cease to exist sixty days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 8, 1985]."
22 U.S.C. § 6039 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 69A: CUBAN LIBERTY AND DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY (LIBERTAD) / Subchapter I: STRENGTHENING INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST THE CASTRO GOVERNMENT / Section 6039: Authorization of support for democratic and human rights groups and international observers
Authorization of support for democratic and human rights groups and international observers
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including section 6032 of this title), except for section 2394–1 of this title and comparable notification requirements contained in any Act making appropriations for foreign operations, export financing, and related programs, the President is authorized to furnish assistance and provide other support for individuals and independent nongovernmental organizations to support democracy-building efforts for Cuba, including the following:

(1) Published and informational matter, such as books, videos, and cassettes, on transitions to democracy, human rights, and market economies, to be made available to independent democratic groups in Cuba.

(2) Humanitarian assistance to victims of political repression, and their families.

(3) Support for democratic and human rights groups in Cuba.

(4) Support for visits and permanent deployment of independent international human rights monitors in Cuba.

(b) OAS emergency fund

(1) For support of human rights and elections

The President shall take the necessary steps to encourage the Organization of American States to create a special emergency fund for the explicit purpose of deploying human rights observers, election support, and election observation in Cuba.

(2) Action of other member states

The President should instruct the United States Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States to encourage other member states of the Organization to join in calling for the Cuban Government to allow the immediate deployment of independent human rights monitors of the Organization throughout Cuba and on-site visits to Cuba by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

(3) Voluntary contributions for fund

Notwithstanding section 2227 of this title or any other provision of law limiting the United States proportionate share of assistance to Cuba by any international organization, the President should provide not less than $5,000,000 of the voluntary contributions of the United States to the Organization of American States solely for the purposes of the special fund referred to in paragraph (1).

(c) Denial of funds to Cuban Government

In implementing this section, the President shall take all necessary steps to ensure that no funds or other assistance is provided to the Cuban Government.

(Pub. L. 104–114, title I, §109, Mar. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 799.)
22 U.S.C. § 3501 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 50: INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION / Section 3501: Congressional statement of policy
Congressional statement of policy
Status: in_force

As declared by Congress in the Foreign Assistant 1 Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], a principal objective of the foreign policy of the United States is the encouragement and sustained support of the people of developing countries in their efforts to acquire the knowledge and resources essential to development and to build the economic, political, and social institutions which will improve the quality of their lives. The Congress reaffirms the profound humanitarian and foreign policy concerns of the United States in the economic and social progress of the developing countries and in the alleviation of the worst physical manifestations of poverty in these countries.

In furtherance of that objective, the Congress recognizes that developing countries require extensive scientific and technological capacity in order to deal effectively with their development problems, relate to the industrialized nations, and constructively participate in the shaping of a stable world order.

It is therefore in the mutual interest of the United States and the developing countries to increase scientific and technological cooperation and jointly to support long-term research on critical problems that impede development and limit the efficient use of the world's human, natural, and capital resources.

(Pub. L. 96–53, title IV, §401, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 371.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as an Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "Assistance".
22 U.S.C. § 3657 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3657: Recruitment and retention remuneration
Recruitment and retention remuneration
Status: in_force

(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXV, §3507(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2269

(b) Restriction

Any employee described in more than one paragraph of subsection (a) of this section may qualify for a recruitment or retention differential under only one of those paragraphs.

(c) Recruitment and relocation bonuses

(1) The Commission may pay a recruitment bonus to an individual who is newly appointed to a position with the Commission, or a relocation bonus to an employee of the Commission who must relocate to accept a position, if the Commission determines that the Commission would be likely, in the absence of such a bonus, to have difficulty in filling the position.

(2) A recruitment or relocation bonus may be paid to an employee under this subsection only if the employee enters into an agreement with the Commission to complete a period of employment established in the agreement. If the employee voluntarily fails to complete such period of employment or is separated from service in such employment as a result of an adverse action before the completion of such period, the employee shall repay the entire amount of the bonus.

(3) A recruitment or relocation bonus under this subsection may be paid as a lump sum. A bonus under this subsection may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee.

(d) Retention bonuses

(1) The Commission may pay a retention bonus to an employee of the Commission if the Commission determines that—

(A) the employee has unusually high or unique qualifications and those qualifications make it essential for the Commission to retain the employee for a period specified by the Commission ending not later than the Canal Transfer Date, or the Commission otherwise has a special need for the services of the employee making it essential for the Commission to retain the employee for a period specified by the Commission ending not later than the Canal Transfer Date; and

(B) the employee would be likely to leave employment with the Commission before the end of that period if the retention bonus is not paid.

(2) A retention bonus under this subsection—

(A) shall be in a fixed amount;

(B) shall be paid on a pro rata basis (over the period specified by the Commission as essential for the retention of the employee), with such payments to be made at the same time and in the same manner as basic pay; and

(C) may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee.

(3) A decision by the Commission to exercise or to not exercise the authority to pay a bonus under this subsection shall not be subject to review under any statutory procedure or any agency or negotiated grievance procedure except under any of the laws referred to in section 2302(d) of title 5.

(e) Limit on compensation

Additional compensation provided under this section may not exceed 25 percent of the rate of basic pay of the individual to whom the compensation is paid.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1217, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3533, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2863; Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3525(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2066; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXV, §3507(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2269; Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §107(a)(2)(D), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(3)(D), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1618.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "section 2302(d)" for "section 2302(c)".

Pub. L. 115–73 substituted "section 2302(c)" for "section 2302(d)".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–261 struck out subsec. (a) which read as follows: "In addition to basic pay, additional compensation may be paid, in such amounts as the head of the agency concerned determines, as an overseas recruitment or retention differential to any individual who—

"(1) before October 1, 1979, was employed by the Panama Canal Company, by the Canal Zone Government, or by any other agency in the area then known as the Canal Zone;

"(2) is an employee who was recruited on or after October 1, 1979, outside of the Republic of Panama for placement in the Republic of Panama; or

"(3) is a medical doctor employed by the Department of Defense in the Republic of Panama or by the Commission;

if, in the judgment of the head of the agency concerned, the recruitment or retention of the individual is essential."

1997—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–85, §3525(a)(3), added subsecs. (c) and (d). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–85, §3525(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (e) and substituted "of the individual to whom the compensation is paid" for "for the same or similar work performed in the United States by individuals employed by the Government of the United States".

1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–201 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "Subchapter III of chapter 59 of title 5, relating to overseas differentials and allowances, shall not apply with respect to any employee whose permanent duty station is in the Republic of Panama and who is employed by an agency."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXV, §3507(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2269, provided that the amendment made by section 3507(a) striking out subsec. (a) of this section is effective 11:59 p.m. (Eastern Standard Time), Dec. 30, 1999, and any right or condition of employment provided for in, or arising from, subsec. (a) of this section is terminated.

Savings Provision for Basic Pay

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXV, §3507(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2269, provided that: "Notwithstanding subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 3664, 3671, and 3731 of this title and repealing sections 3646 and 3647 of this title], benefits based on basic pay, as listed in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (5), and (6) of section 1218 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 [22 U.S.C. 3658(1), (2), (3), (5), (6)], shall be paid as if sections 1217(a) and 1231(a)(2)(A) and (B) of that Act [22 U.S.C. 3657(a), 3671(a)(2)(A), (B)] had been repealed effective 12:00 noon, December 31, 1999. The exception under the preceding sentence shall not apply to any pay for hours of work performed on December 31, 1999."

Executive Documents

Coordination of Pay and Employment Practices

For provisions requiring consultations with the Secretary of Defense for agencies under this subpart with respect to the establishment of rates of pay and other matters deemed appropriate by the Secretary in order to develop compatible or unified systems of basic pay and employment practices, see section 1–201 of Ex. Ord. No. 12215, May 27, 1980, 45 F.R. 36043, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3862 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter III: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 3862: Panama Canal Board of Contract Appeals
Panama Canal Board of Contract Appeals
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

(1) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Commission, may establish a board of contract appeals, to be known as the Panama Canal Board of Contract Appeals, in accordance with sections 7105(a), (c) to (e), (g), 7106(a), and 7107(a) of title 41. Except as otherwise provided by this section, the Panama Canal Board of Contract Appeals (in this section referred to as the "Board") shall be subject to chapter 71 of title 41 in the same manner as any other agency board of contract appeals established under that chapter.

(2) The Board shall consist of three members. At least one member of the Board shall be licensed to practice law in the Republic of Panama. Individuals appointed to the Board shall take an oath of office, the form of which shall be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.

(3) Compensation for members of the Board of Contract Appeals shall be established by the Commission's supervisory board. The annual compensation established for members may not exceed the rate of basic pay established for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5. The compensation of a member may not be reduced during the member's term of office from the level established at the time of the appointment of the member.

(b) Exclusive jurisdiction to decide appeals

Notwithstanding section 7104(b)(1) of title 41 or any other provision of law, the Board shall have exclusive jurisdiction to decide an appeal from a decision of a contracting officer under section 7105(e) of title 41.

(c) Exclusive jurisdiction to decide protests

The Board shall decide protests submitted to it under this subsection by interested parties in accordance with subchapter V 1 of title 31. Notwithstanding section 3556 of that title, section 1491(b) of title 28, and any other provision of law, the Board shall have exclusive jurisdiction to decide such protests. For purposes of this subsection—

(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), each reference to the Comptroller General in sections 3551 through 3555 of title 31, is deemed to be a reference to the Board;

(2) the reference to the Comptroller General in section 3553(d)(3)(C)(ii) of such title is deemed to be a reference to both the Board and the Comptroller General;

(3) the report required by paragraph (1) of section 3554(e) of such title shall be submitted to the Comptroller General as well as the committees listed in such paragraph;

(4) the report required by paragraph (2) of such section shall be submitted to the Comptroller General as well as Congress; and

(5) section 3556 of such title shall not apply to the Board, but nothing in this subsection shall affect the right of an interested party to file a protest with the appropriate contracting officer.

(d) Procedures

The Board shall prescribe such procedures as may be necessary for the expeditious decision of appeals and protests under subsections (b) and (c).

(e) Commencement

The Board shall begin to function as soon as it has been established and has prescribed procedures under subsection (d).

(f) Transition

The Board shall have jurisdiction under subsections (b) and (c) over any appeals and protests filed on or after the date on which the Board begins to function. Any appeals and protests filed before such date shall remain before the forum in which they were filed.

(g) Other functions

The Board may perform functions similar to those described in this section for such other matters or activities of the Commission as the Commission may determine and in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Commission.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3102, as added Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3541, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2071; amended Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXV, §3510, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2270.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (a)(1), "sections 7105(a), (c) to (e), (g), 7106(a), and 7107(a) of title 41" substituted for "section 8 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 607)", "chapter 71 of title 41" substituted for "the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)", and "that chapter" substituted for "that Act" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (b), "section 7104(b)(1) of title 41" substituted for "section 10(a)(1) of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 609(a)(1))" and "section 7105(e) of title 41" substituted for "section 8(d) of such Act (41 U.S.C. 607(d))" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–261, §3510(a)(1), substituted "may" for "shall" in first sentence.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–261, §3510(a)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–261, §3510(b), struck out ", but not later than January 1, 1999" before period at end.

1 So in original. Probably should be "subchapter V of chapter 35".
22 U.S.C. § 3612b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3612b: Specific powers of Commission
Specific powers of Commission
Status: in_force

(a) Panama Canal management, operation, and maintenance

The Commission may manage, operate, and maintain the Panama Canal.

(b) Establishment, maintenance, and operation of activities, facilities, and appurtenances

The Commission may construct or acquire, establish, maintain, and operate such activities, facilities, and appurtenances as necessary and appropriate for the accomplishment of the purposes of this chapter, including the following:

(1) Docks, wharves, piers, and other shoreline facilities.

(2) Shops and yards.

(3) Marine railways, salvage and towing facilities, fuel-handling facilities, and motor transportation facilities.

(4) Power systems, water systems, and a telephone system.

(5) Construction facilities.

(6) Living quarters and other buildings.

(7) Warehouses, storehouses, a printing plant, and manufacturing, processing, or service facilities in connection therewith.

(8) Recreational facilities.

(c) Use of United States mails

The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as the executive departments of the Federal Government.

(d) Necessary or appropriate actions

The Commission may take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to carry out the powers specifically conferred upon it.

(e) Commercial activities

The Commission may conduct and promote commercial activities related to the management, operation, or maintenance of the Panama Canal. Any such commercial activity shall be carried out consistent with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements.

(f) Donations

(1) The Commission may seek and accept donations of funds, property, and services from individuals, foundations, corporations, and other private and public entities for the purpose of carrying out its promotional activities.

(2) The Commission shall establish written guidelines setting forth the criteria to be used in determining whether the acceptance of funds, property, or services authorized by paragraph (1) would reflect unfavorably upon the ability of the Commission (or any employee of the Commission) to carry out its responsibilities or official duties in a fair and objective manner or would compromise the integrity or the appearance of the integrity of its programs or of any official in those programs.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1102b, as added Pub. L. 104–106, div. C, title XXXV, §3524(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 639; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3547, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2073; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXV, §3505, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2268.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 96–70, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 452, known as the Panama Canal Act of 1979 which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–261 added subsec. (f).

1997—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–85 added subsec. (e).
22 U.S.C. § 5453 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 63: SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) / Subchapter IV: OTHER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 5453: Medical supplies, hospital equipment, and medical training for Poland
Medical supplies, hospital equipment, and medical training for Poland
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of assistance

In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating to the economic support fund) $4,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, which shall be available only—

(1) for providing medical supplies and hospital equipment to Poland through private and voluntary organizations, including for the expenses of purchasing, transporting, and distributing such supplies and equipment, and

(2) for training of Polish medical personnel.

(b) Nonapplicability of other laws

Assistance may be provided under this section notwithstanding any other provision of law, other than—

(1) section 104(f) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(f); relating to the prohibition on the use of funds for abortions and involuntary sterilizations), and

(2) any provision of the annual Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act that relates to abortion.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title V, §503, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1318.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is classified to part IV (§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is for fiscal year 1990, Pub. L. 101–167, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1195. For complete classification of this and other Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Acts to the Code, see Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 2709 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2709: Special agents
Special agents
Status: in_force

(a) General authority

Under such regulations as the Secretary of State may prescribe, special agents of the Department of State and the Foreign Service may—

(1) conduct investigations concerning—

(A) illegal passport or visa issuance or use;

(B) identity theft or document fraud affecting or relating to the programs, functions, or authorities of the Department of State;

(C) transnational violations of chapter 77 of title 18 in which any part of the offense conduct occurred outside the United States or involved one or more foreign nationals; or

(D) Federal offenses committed within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 7(9) of title 18), except as such jurisdiction relates to the premises of United States military missions and related residences;

(2) obtain and execute search and arrest warrants, as well as obtain and serve subpoenas and summonses issued under the authority of the United States;

(3) protect and perform protective functions directly related to maintaining the security and safety of—

(A) heads of a foreign state, official representatives of a foreign government, and other distinguished visitors to the United States, while in the United States;

(B) the Secretary of State, Deputy Secretary of State, and official representatives of the United States Government, in the United States or abroad;

(C) members of the immediate family of persons described in subparagraph (A) or (B);

(D) foreign missions (as defined in section 4302(a)(4) 1 of this title) and international organizations (as defined in section 4309(b) of this title), within the United States;

(E) a departing Secretary of State for a period of up to 180 days after the date of termination of that individual's incumbency as Secretary of State, on the basis of a threat assessment; and

(F) an individual who has been designated by the President or President-elect to serve as Secretary of State, prior to that individual's appointment.2

(4) if designated by the Secretary and qualified, under regulations approved by the Attorney General, for the use of firearms, carry firearms for the purpose of performing the duties authorized by this section; and

(5) make arrests without warrant for any offense against the United States committed in their presence, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if they have reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony.

(b) Agreements with Attorney General and Secretary of the Treasury and firearms regulations

(1) Agreement with Attorney General

The authority conferred by paragraphs (1) and (4) of subsection (a) shall be exercised subject to an agreement between the Secretary and the Attorney General.

(2) Agreement with Attorney General and Secretary of the Treasury

The authority conferred by paragraphs (2) and (5) of subsection (a) shall be exercised subject to an agreement among the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of the Treasury.

(3) Firearms regulations

The Secretary of State shall prescribe regulations, which shall be approved by the Attorney General, with respect to the carrying and use of firearms by special agents under this section.

(c) Secret Service not affected

Nothing in subsection (a)(3) shall be construed to preclude or limit in any way the authority of the United States Secret Service to provide protective services pursuant to section 3056 or 3056A of title 18 at a level commensurate with protective requirements as determined by the United States Secret Service. The Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall enter into an interagency agreement with respect to their law enforcement functions.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §37, as added Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §125(a), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 415; amended Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §113, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 22; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §139(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title IV, §406, formerly §407], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–97, renumbered Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. A, §213(a)(5)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–180; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, §202(a), (b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, §605(e)(2)(A), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, §408(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1930; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXV, §7501(b), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2544.)

Amendment of Section

For termination of amendment by section 7501(d) of Pub. L. 118–159 and revival of prior provisions, see Termination Date of 2024 Amendment note below.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4302 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(D), was subsequently amended, and section 4302(a)(4) no longer defines the term "foreign mission". However, such term is defined elsewhere in that section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 37 of act Aug. 1, 1956, was renumbered section 38 by section 125(a) of Pub. L. 99–93, and subsequently renumbered, and was set out as a Short Title of 1956 Amendment note under section 2651 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §111(1), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 654.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 118–159, §7501(b), (d), temporarily added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D). See Termination Date of 2024 Amendment note below.

2016—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–323 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "conduct investigations concerning illegal passport or visa issuance or use;".

2006—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–177 substituted "section 3056 or 3056A of title 18" for "section 202 of title 3 or section 3056 of title 18".

2002—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–228, §202(a)(1), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "for the purpose of conducting such investigations—

"(A) obtain and execute search and arrest warrants,

"(B) make arrests without warrant for any offense concerning passport or visa issuance or use if the special agent has reasonable grounds to believe that the person has committed or is committing such offense, and

"(C) obtain and serve subpoenas and summonses issued under the authority of the United States;".

Subsec. (a)(3)(F). Pub. L. 107–228, §202(a)(2), inserted "or President-elect" after "President".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 107–228, §202(a)(3), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "arrest without warrant any person for a violation of section 111, 112, 351, 970, or 1028 of title 18—

"(A) in the case of a felony violation, if the special agent has reasonable grounds to believe that such person—

"(i) has committed or is committing such violation; and

"(ii) is in or is fleeing from the immediate area of such violation; and

"(B) in the case of a felony or misdemeanor violation, if the violation is committed in the presence of the special agent."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–228, §202(b), substituted "Agreements with Attorney General and Secretary of the Treasury and firearms regulations" for "Agreement with Attorney General and firearms regulations" in heading, added pars. (1) and (2), struck out former par. (1), which related to agreement with the Attorney General, and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

2000—Subsec. (a)(3)(E), (F). Pub. L. 106–553, as renumbered by Pub. L. 106–554, added subpars. (E) and (F).

1994—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–236 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "The Secretary of State shall transmit the regulations prescribed under this section to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate not less than 20 days before the date on which such regulations take effect."

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–246, §113(1), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 101–246, §113(2), amended introductory provisions generally, substituting "970, or 1028" for "911, 970, 1001, 1028, 1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, or 1546".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination Date of 2024 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 118–159 to terminate three years after Dec. 23, 2024, and provisions of law amended by Pub. L. 118–159 to be restored as if such amendment had not been enacted, see section 7501(d) of Pub. L. 118–159, set out in a Human Trafficking Authority note below.

Construction

Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, §408(b), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1930, provided that: "Nothing in the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] may be construed to limit the investigative authority of any Federal department or agency other than the Department [of State]."

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Human Trafficking Authority

Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXV, §7501, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2544, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of State] is authorized to investigate transnational violations of chapter 77 of title 18, United States Code, in which part of the offense conduct occurred outside the United States or involved one or more foreign nationals.

"(b) Authorities.—[Amended this section.]

"(c) Report.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], and annually thereafter for 3 years, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes each of the following:

"(1) The number of relevant cases opened and investigated by the Diplomatic Security Service as a result of the additional authorities granted by the amendments made by this section.

"(2) The percentage of the cases opened and investigated by the Diplomatic Security Service as a result of the additional authorities granted by the amendments made by this section that were referred for further action, including prosecution.

"(3) An assessment of the efficacy of the authorities granted by the amendments made by this section and whether such authorities are sufficient to meaningfully contribute to Department and broader United States Government efforts to prosecute and prevent, where applicable, human trafficking and transnational violations of chapter 77 of title 18, United States Code.

"(4) An assessment of whether the resources of the Diplomatic Security Service are sufficient to effectively carry out the objectives of this section.

"(d) Sunset.—This section and the amendments made by subsection (b) shall terminate on the date that is three years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], and the provisions of law amended by such amendments shall be restored as if such amendments had not been enacted.

"(e) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.—In this section, the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Judiciary, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives."

Implementation of Search, Seizure, Service, and Arrest Authority

Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, §202(c), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1362, provided that:

"(1) The authority conferred by paragraphs (2) and (5) of section 37(a) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 [22 U.S.C. 2709(a)(2), (5)], as amended by subsection (a), may not be exercised until the date on which the Secretary—

"(A) submits the agreement required by subsection (b)(2) of section 37 of such Act [22 U.S.C. 2709(b)(2)] to the appropriate congressional committees; and

"(B) publishes in the Federal Register a notice that the agreement has been submitted in accordance with the requirements of subparagraph (A).

"(2) The authority conferred by paragraphs (2) and (5) of subsection (a) of section 37 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2002], may continue to be exercised until the date on which the notice described in paragraph (1)(B) is published in the Federal Register."

[For definitions of "Secretary" and "appropriate congressional committees" as used in section 202(c) of Pub. L. 107–228, set out above, see section 3 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.]

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
22 U.S.C. § 2346e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SALES / Section 2346e: Repealed. Pub. L. 99-83, title II, §201(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 210
Repealed. Pub. L. 99-83, title II, §201(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 210
Status: repealed

Section 2346e, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §536, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title II, §202, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1531, related to special requirements fund.

A prior section 2346e, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §536, as added Pub. L. 96–257, §2, May 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 422, provided for Central American economic support for fiscal year 1980, in amount of $80,000,000, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–533, title II, §202, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3142.

Section 2346f, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §537, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title II, §202, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1531, related to programs for Tunisia.

Section 2346g, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §538, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title II, §202, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1531, related to programs for Costa Rica.

Section 2346h, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §539, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title II, §202, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1531, related to programs for Nicaragua.

Section 2346i, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §540, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §708(c), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1546, related to programs for Poland.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 284v (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIII: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION / Section 284v: Fifteenth replenishment
Fifteenth replenishment
Status: in_force

(a) The United States Governor of the International Development Association is authorized to contribute on behalf of the United States $3,705,000,000 to the fifteenth replenishment of the resources of the Association, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations.

(b) In order to pay for the United States contribution provided for in subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $3,705,000,000 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(Pub. L. 86–565, §24, as added Pub. L. 111–32, title XI, §1109(a), June 24, 2009, 123 Stat. 1901.)
22 U.S.C. § 448 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 9: FOREIGN WARS, WAR MATERIALS, AND NEUTRALITY / Subchapter II: NEUTRALITY / Section 448: Solicitation and collection of funds and contributions
Solicitation and collection of funds and contributions
Status: in_force

(a) Unlawful acts

Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 441(a) of this title, it shall thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United States to solicit or receive any contribution for or on behalf of the government of any state named in such proclamation or for or on behalf of any agent or instrumentality of any such state.

(b) Medical aid, food, and clothing

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the solicitation or collection of funds and contributions to be used for medical aid and assistance, or for food and clothing to relieve human suffering, when such solicitation or collection of funds and contributions is made on behalf of and for use by any person or organization which is not acting for or on behalf of any such government, but all such solicitations and collections of funds and contributions shall be in accordance with and subject to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed.

(c) Revocation of proclamation

Whenever any proclamation issued under the authority of section 441(a) of this title shall have been revoked with respect to any state the provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply with respect to such state, except as to offenses committed prior to such revocation.

(Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §8, 54 Stat. 8.)
22 U.S.C. § 1645o (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter VII: CLAIMS AGAINST VIETNAM / Section 1645o: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this subchapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of this subchapter or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title VII, §716, as added Pub. L. 96–606, Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3538.)