22 U.S.C. § 7814 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 85: NORTH KOREAN HUMAN RIGHTS / Subchapter I: PROMOTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF NORTH KOREANS / Section 7814: Actions to promote freedom of information
Actions to promote freedom of information
Status: in_force

(a) Actions

(1) In general

The President is authorized to take such actions as may be necessary to increase the availability of information inside North Korea by increasing the availability of sources of information not controlled by the Government of North Korea, including sources such as radios capable of receiving broadcasting from outside North Korea, USB drives, micro SD cards, audio players, video players, cell phones, wi-fi, wireless internet, web pages, internet, wireless telecommunications, and other electronic media that shares information.

(2) Distribution

In accordance with the sense of Congress described in section 7813 of this title, the President, acting through the Secretary of State, is authorized to distribute or provide grants to distribute information receiving devices, electronically readable devices, and other informational sources into North Korea, including devices and informational sources specified in paragraph (1). To carry out this paragraph, the President is authorized to issue regulations to facilitate the free-flow of information into North Korea.

(3) Research and development grant program

In accordance with the authorization described in paragraphs (1) and (2) to increase the availability and distribution of sources of information inside North Korea, the President, acting through the Secretary of State, is authorized to establish a grant program to make grants to eligible entities to develop or distribute (or both) new products or methods to allow North Koreans easier access to outside information. Such program may involve public-private partnerships.

(4) Culture

In accordance with the sense of Congress described in section 7813 of this title, the Broadcasting Board of Governors may broadcast American, Korean, Chinese, and other popular music, television, movies, and popular cultural references as part of its programming.

(5) Rights and laws

In accordance with the sense of Congress described in section 7813 of this title, the Broadcasting Board of Governors should broadcast to North Korea in the Korean language information on rights, laws, and freedoms afforded through the North Korean Constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and any other applicable treaties or international agreements to which North Korea is bound.

(6) Religious minorities

Efforts to improve information access under this subsection should include religious communities and should be coordinated with the Office of International Religious Freedom to ensure maximum impact in improving the rights of religious persons in North Korea.

(7) Broadcasting report

Not later than—

(A) 180 days after July 20, 2018, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Broadcasting Board of Governors, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that sets forth a detailed plan for improving broadcasting content for the purpose of targeting new audiences and increasing listenership; and

(B) September 30, 2022, and annually thereafter for each of the next 5 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report including—

(i) a description of the effectiveness of actions taken pursuant to this section and sections 5583 and 5584 of the Otto Warmbier Countering North Korean Censorship and Surveillance Act of 2022, including data reflecting audience and listenership, device distribution and usage, and technological development and advancement usage;

(ii) the amount of funds expended by the United States Government pursuant to section 403; 1 and

(iii) other appropriate information necessary to fully inform Congress of efforts related to this section.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated to the President $3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2005 through 2022 to carry out subsection (a).

(2) Availability

Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available until expended.

(c) Report

Not later than 1 year after October 18, 2004, and annually through 2022, the Secretary of State, after consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, in classified form, on actions taken pursuant to this section.

(d) Information technology study

Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2015,1 the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a classified report that sets forth a detailed plan for making unrestricted, unmonitored, and inexpensive electronic mass communications available to the people of North Korea.

(Pub. L. 108–333, title I, §104, Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1291; Pub. L. 110–346, §7, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3941; Pub. L. 112–172, §6, Aug. 16, 2012, 126 Stat. 1309; Pub. L. 114–122, title III, §301, Feb. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 115–198, §§5, 7(b), July 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 1521, 1523; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5584(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3373.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 5583 and 5584 of the Otto Warmbier Countering North Korean Censorship and Surveillance Act of 2022, referred to in subsec. (a)(7)(B)(i), are sections 5583 and 5584 of subtitle F of title LV of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3372, 3373. Sections 5583 and 5584(a) of the Act are not classified to the Code. Section 5584(b) of the Act amended this section.

Section 403, referred to in subsec. (a)(7)(B)(ii), may mean section 403 of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016, Pub. L. 114–122, which authorized appropriations to carry out various provisions in this chapter and was classified to section 9253 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–198, §9, July 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 1525. There is no section 403 of Pub. L. 108–333, of which this section is a part.

The date of the enactment of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2015, referred to in subsec. (d), probably means the date of enactment of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016, Pub. L. 114–122, which was approved Feb. 18, 2016.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a)(7)(B). Pub. L. 117–263, §5584(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "September 30, 2022" for "1 year after July 20, 2018" and "Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media" for "Broadcasting Board of Governors".

Subsec. (a)(7)(B)(i). Pub. L. 117–263, §5584(b)(2), inserted "and sections 5583 and 5584 of the Otto Warmbier Countering North Korean Censorship and Surveillance Act of 2022" after "this section".

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–198, §5, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, inserted ", USB drives, micro SD cards, audio players, video players, cell phones, wi-fi, wireless internet, web pages, internet, wireless telecommunications, and other electronic media that shares information" before period at end, and added pars. (2) to (7).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–198, §7(b)(1), substituted "$3,000,000" for "$2,000,000" and "2022" for "2017".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–198, §7(b)(2), substituted "2022" for "2017".

2016—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–122 added subsec. (d).

2012—Subsecs. (b)(1), (c). Pub. L. 112–172 substituted "2017" for "2012".

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–346, §7(1), substituted "2012" for "2008".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–346, §7(2), substituted "annually through 2012" for "in each of the 3 years thereafter".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

Findings; Sense of Congress

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5581, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3371, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) The information landscape in North Korea is the most repressive in the world, consistently ranking last or near-last in the annual World Press Freedom Index.

"(2) Under the brutal rule of Kim Jung Un, the country's leader since 2012, the North Korean regime has tightened controls on access to information, as well as enacted harsh punishments for consumers of outside media, including sentencing to time in a concentration camp and a maximum penalty of death.

"(3) Such repressive and unjust laws surrounding information in North Korea resulted in the death of 22-year-old United States citizen and university student Otto Warmbier, who had traveled to North Korea in December 2015 as part of a guided tour.

"(4) Otto Warmbier was unjustly arrested, sentenced to 15 years of hard labor, and severely mistreated at the hands of North Korean officials. While in captivity, Otto Warmbier suffered a serious medical emergency that placed him into a comatose state. Otto Warmbier was comatose upon his release in June 2017 and died 6 days later.

"(5) Despite increased penalties for possession and viewership of foreign media, the people of North Korean have increased their desire for foreign media content, according to a survey of 200 defectors concluding that 90 percent had watched South Korean or other foreign media before defecting.

"(6) On March 23, 2021, in an annual resolution, the United Nations General Assembly condemned 'the long-standing and ongoing systematic, widespread and gross violations of human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea' and expressed grave concern at, among other things, 'the denial of the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion . . . and of the rights to freedom of opinion, expression, and association, both online and offline, which is enforced through an absolute monopoly on information and total control over organized social life, and arbitrary and unlawful state surveillance that permeates the private lives of all citizens'.

"(7) In 2018, Typhoon Yutu caused extensive damage to 15 broadcast antennas used by the United States Agency for Global Media in Asia, resulting in reduced programming to North Korea. The United States Agency for Global Media has rebuilt 5 of the 15 antenna systems as of June 2021.

"(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) in the event of a crisis situation, particularly where information pertaining to the crisis is being actively censored or a false narrative is being put forward, the United States should be able to quickly increase its broadcasting capability to deliver fact-based information to audiences, including those in North Korea; and

"(2) the United States International Broadcasting Surge Capacity Fund is already authorized under section 316 of the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6216), and expanded authority to transfer unobligated balances from expired accounts of the United States Agency for Global Media would enable the Agency to more nimbly respond to crises."

Statement of Policy

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5582, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3372, provided that: "It is the policy of the United States—

"(1) to provide the people of North Korea with access to a diverse range of fact-based information;

"(2) to develop and implement novel means of communication and information sharing that increase opportunities for audiences in North Korea to safely create, access, and share digital and non-digital news without fear of repressive censorship, surveillance, or penalties under law; and

"(3) to foster and innovate new technologies to counter North Korea's state-sponsored repressive surveillance and censorship by advancing internet freedom tools, technologies, and new approaches."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under section 301 of Pub. L. 114–122 (adding subsec. (d) of this section) delegated to Secretary of State by Memorandum of President of the United States, May 18, 2016, 81 F.R. 37479, set out as a note under section 9212 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 889 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IV: PERSONNEL CATEGORIES AND SALARIES / Section 889: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §444, 60 Stat. 1006; Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–723, §6, 74 Stat. 831; July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94–350, title I, §112, 90 Stat. 826; Aug. 17, 1977, Pub. L. 95–105, title IV, §402(a), (b)(1), 91 Stat. 852; Oct. 7, 1978, Pub. L. 95–426, title IV, §§401(b), 412(a), 92 Stat. 977, 981; Aug. 15, 1979, Pub. L. 96–60, title I, §107(b), 93 Stat. 397, related to compensation plans and annuity increases for alien employees and family members of personnel abroad.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

Employment of Family Members Overseas

Pub. L. 95–426, title IV, §401(a), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 977, which related to employment of family members overseas, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2205(2), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160. See section 3951 of this title.

Report to Congress on Employment of Family Members of Government Personnel Overseas

Pub. L. 95–426, title IV, §401(c), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 978, which related to report by Secretary of State respecting overseas employment of family members of Government personnel, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2205(2), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160.
22 U.S.C. § 5442 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 63: SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) / Subchapter III: EDUCATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES / Section 5442: Poland-Hungary scholarship partnership
Poland-Hungary scholarship partnership
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of scholarship program

The Administrator of the Agency for International Development is authorized to establish and administer a program of scholarship assistance, in cooperation with State governments, universities, community colleges, and businesses, to provide scholarships to enable students from Poland and Hungary to study in the United States.

(b) Emphasis on business and economics

The scholarship program provided for in this section shall emphasize scholarships to enable students from Poland and Hungary to study business and economics in the United States. Such scholarships may be provided for study in programs that range from the standard management courses to more specialized assistance in commercial banking and the creation of a stock market.

(c) Grants to States

In carrying out this section, the Administrator may make grants to States to provide scholarship assistance for undergraduate or graduate degree programs, and training programs of one year or longer, in study areas related to the critical development needs of Poland and Hungary.

(d) Consultation with States

The Administrator shall consult with the participating States with regard to the educational opportunities available within each State and on the assignment of scholarship recipients.

(e) Federal share

The Federal share for each year for which a State receives payments under this section shall not be more than 50 percent.

(f) Non-Federal share

The non-Federal share of payments under this section may be in cash, including the waiver of tuition or the offering of in-State tuition or housing waivers or subsidies, or in-kind fairly evaluated, including the provision of books or supplies.

(g) Forgiveness of scholarship assistance

The obligation of any recipient to reimburse any entity for any or all scholarship assistance provided under this section shall be forgiven upon the recipient's prompt return to Poland or Hungary, as the case may be, for a period which is at least one year longer than the period spent studying in the United States with scholarship assistance.

(h) Private sector participation

To the maximum extent practicable, each participating State shall enlist the assistance of the private sector to enable the State to meet the non-Federal share of payments under this section. Wherever appropriate, each participating State shall encourage the private sector to offer internships or other opportunities consistent with the purposes of this section to students receiving scholarships under this section.

(i) Funding

Grants to States pursuant to this section shall be made with funds made available to carry out chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following; relating to development assistance) or chapter 4 of part II of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating to the economic support fund). In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose under those chapters, there are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, for use in carrying out this section.

(j) Restrictions not applicable

Prohibitions on the use of foreign assistance funds for assistance for Poland and Hungary shall not apply with respect to the funds made available to carry out this section.

(k) "State" defined

As used in this section, the term "State" means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title IV, §402, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1315.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (i), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapter 1 of part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are classified generally to part I (§2151 et seq.) of subchapter I and part IV (§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II, respectively, of chapter 32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to part I of subchapter I to include a reference to section 2293 of this title, see section 2293(d)(1) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
22 U.S.C. § 2165 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2165: Repealed. Pub. L. 92-226, pt. I, §101(d), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 21
Repealed. Pub. L. 92-226, pt. I, §101(d), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 21
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §205, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, §102(a), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 653; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, §102(c), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, §102(d), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 447, provided for use of international lending organizations.
22 U.S.C. § 9526 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 102: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Subchapter I: SANCTIONS AND OTHER MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION / Section 9526: Sanctions with respect to the development of pipelines in the Russian Federation
Sanctions with respect to the development of pipelines in the Russian Federation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President, in coordination with allies of the United States, may impose five or more of the sanctions described in section 9529 of this title with respect to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017, makes an investment described in subsection (b) or sells, leases, or provides to the Russian Federation, for the construction of Russian energy export pipelines, goods, services, technology, information, or support described in subsection (c)—

(1) any of which has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or more; or

(2) that, during a 12-month period, have an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more.

(b) Investment described

An investment described in this subsection is an investment that directly and significantly contributes to the enhancement of the ability of the Russian Federation to construct energy export pipelines.

(c) Goods, services, technology, information, or support described

Goods, services, technology, information, or support described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, information, or support that could directly and significantly facilitate the maintenance or expansion of the construction, modernization, or repair of energy export pipelines by the Russian Federation.

(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §232, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 917.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Protecting Europe's Energy Security

Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXV, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2300, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1242(a)–(e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3945–3947, provided that:

"SEC. 7501. SHORT TITLE.

"This title may be cited as the 'Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act of 2019'.

"SEC. 7502. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

"It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) the United States and Europe share a common history, a common identity, and common values built upon the principles of democracy, rule of law, and individual freedoms;

"(2) the United States has encouraged and admired the European project, which has resulted in a common market and common policies, has achieved unprecedented prosperity and stability on the continent, and serves as a model for other countries to reform their institutions and prioritize anticorruption measures;

"(3) the relationships between the United States and Europe and the United States and Germany are critical to the national security interests of the United States as well as to global prosperity and peace, and Germany in particular is a crucial partner for the United States in multilateral efforts aimed at promoting global prosperity and peace;

"(4) the United States should stand against any effort designed to weaken those relationships; and

"(5) Germany has demonstrated leadership within the European Union and in international fora to ensure that sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation for its malign activities are maintained.

"SEC. 7503. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PROVISION OF CERTAIN VESSELS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN RUSSIAN ENERGY EXPORT PIPELINES.

"(a) Report Required.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], and every 90 days thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that identifies, for the period specified in paragraph (2)—

"(A) vessels that engaged in pipe-laying or pipe-laying activities at depths of 100 feet or more below sea level for the construction of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, the TurkStream pipeline project, or any project that is a successor to either such project;

"(B) foreign persons that the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, determines have knowingly—

"(i) sold, leased, or provided, or facilitated selling, leasing, or providing, those vessels for the construction of such a project;

"(ii) facilitated deceptive or structured transactions to provide those vessels for the construction of such a project;

"(iii) provided for those vessels underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance necessary or essential for the completion of such a project;

"(iv) provided services or facilities for technology upgrades or installation of welding equipment for, or retrofitting or tethering of, those vessels if the services or facilities are necessary or essential for the completion of such a project; or

"(v) provided services for the testing, inspection, or certification necessary or essential for the completion or operation of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline; and

"(C) the consultations carried out pursuant to subsection (i) and describes the nature of the consultations and any concerns raised by the government of Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, or any member country of the European Union.

"(2) Period specified.—The period specified in this paragraph is—

"(A) in the case of the first report required to be submitted by paragraph (1), the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on the date on which the report is submitted; and

"(B) in the case of any subsequent such report, the 90-day period preceding submission of the report.

"(b) Ineligibility for Visas, Admission, or Parole of Identified Persons and Corporate Officers.—

"(1) In general.—

"(A) Visas, admission, or parole.—An alien described in paragraph (2) is—

"(i) inadmissible to the United States;

"(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and

"(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).

"(B) Current visas revoked.—

"(i) In general.—The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in paragraph (2) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.

"(ii) Immediate effect.—A revocation under clause (i) shall—

     "(I) take effect immediately; and

     "(II) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.

"(2) Aliens described.—An alien is described in this paragraph if the alien is—

"(A) a foreign person identified under subsection (a)(1)(B);

"(B) a corporate officer of a person described in subparagraph (A); or

"(C) a principal shareholder with a controlling interest in a person described in subparagraph (A).

"(c) Blocking of Property of Identified Persons.—The President shall exercise all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of any person identified under subsection (a)(1)(B) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.

"(d) Wind-down Period.—The President may not impose sanctions under this section with respect to a person identified in the first report submitted under subsection (a) if the President certifies in that report that the person has, not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, engaged in good faith efforts to wind down operations that would otherwise subject the person to the imposition of sanctions under this section.

"(e) Exceptions.—

"(1) Exception for intelligence, law enforcement, and national security activities.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any authorized intelligence, law enforcement, or national security activities of the United States.

"(2) Exception to comply with united nations headquarters agreement.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien to the United States if the admission of the alien is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other applicable international obligations.

"(3) Exception for safety of vessels and crew.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to a person providing provisions to a vessel identified under subsection (a)(1)(A) if such provisions are intended for the safety and care of the crew aboard the vessel, the protection of human life aboard the vessel, or the maintenance of the vessel to avoid any environmental or other significant damage.

"(4) Exception for repair or maintenance of pipelines.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to a person for engaging in activities necessary for or related to the repair or maintenance of, or environmental remediation with respect to, a pipeline project described in subsection (a)(1)(A).

"(5) Exception relating to importation of goods.—

"(A) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the authorities and requirements to impose sanctions authorized under this section shall not include the authority or a requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.

"(B) Good defined.—In this paragraph, the term 'good' means any article, natural or man-made substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.

"(6) Exception for certain governments and governmental entities.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to—

"(A) the European Union;

"(B) the government of Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, or any member country of the European Union; or

"(C) any entity of the European Union or a government described in subparagraph (B) that is not operating as a business enterprise.

"(f) National Interest Waiver.—The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a person if the President—

"(1) determines that the waiver is in the national interests of the United States; and

"(2) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the waiver and the reasons for the waiver.

"(g) Implementation; Penalties.—

"(1) Implementation.—The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.

"(2) Penalties.—A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this section shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.

"(h) Termination and Sunset.—The authority to impose sanctions under this section with respect to a person involved in the construction of a pipeline project described in subsection (a)(1)(A), and any sanctions imposed under this section with respect to that project, shall terminate on the date that is the earlier of—

"(1) the date on which the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that appropriate safeguards have been put in place—

"(A) to minimize the ability of the Government of the Russian Federation to use that project as a tool of coercion and political leverage, including by achieving the unbundling of energy production and transmission so that entities owned or controlled by that Government do not control the transmission network for the pipeline; and

"(B) to ensure, barring unforeseen circumstances, that the project would not result in a decrease of more than 25 percent in the volume of Russian energy exports transiting through existing pipelines in other countries, particularly Ukraine, relative to the average monthly volume of Russian energy exports transiting through such pipelines in 2018; or

"(2) the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019].

"(i) Consultations.—Before imposing sanctions under this section, the Secretary of State shall consult with the relevant governments of Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and member countries of the European Union with respect to the imposition of such sanctions.

"(j) Report on Impact of Sanctions.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 [Jan. 1, 2021], and annually thereafter until all sanctions imposed under this section have terminated under subsection (h), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the impact of the imposition of sanctions under this section that includes information on—

"(1) whether the goals of the sanctions have been met;

"(2) the diplomatic impact of the sanctions, including on relationships with the governments of Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and member countries of the European Union; and

"(3) the economic impact of the sanctions, including the impact on United States persons.

"(k) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Admission; admitted; alien.—The terms 'admission', 'admitted', and 'alien' have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).

"(2) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

"(3) Foreign person.—The term 'foreign person' means an individual or entity that is not a United States person.

"(4) Knowingly.—The term 'knowingly', with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.

"(5) Pipe-laying activities.—The term 'pipe-laying activities' means activities that facilitate pipe-laying, including site preparation, trenching, surveying, placing rocks, backfilling, stringing, bending, welding, coating, and lowering of pipe.

"(6) United states person.—The term 'United States person' means—

"(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;

"(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or

"(C) any person within the United States."

[Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1242(f), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3947, provided that: "The President may not impose sanctions with respect to a person identified in the first report submitted under section 7503(a) of the Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act of 2019 [set out above], as amended by this section, after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021] for operations subject to sanctions by reason of the amendments made by this section [amending section 7503 of Pub. L. 116–92, set out above] if the President certifies in that report that the person has, not later than 30 days after such date of enactment, engaged in good faith efforts to wind down such operations."]

[Functions and authorities of President under sections 7503(d), (f), and (h) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out above, delegated to Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, and under sections 7503(c) and (g) of Pub. L. 116–92 to Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, by section 1(a)(i)–(iii) and (b)(i), (ii) of Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 21, 2020, 85 F.R. 13717, set out as a note under section 286yy of this title.]

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 14039. Blocking Property With Respect to Certain Russian Energy Export Pipelines

Ex. Ord. No. 14039, Aug. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 47205, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), the Protecting Europe's Energy Security Act of 2019 (Title LXXV, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, Public Law 116–92) [set out above], as amended by section 1242 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283) (PEESA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,

I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, in order to take additional steps with respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024 of April 15, 2021 (Blocking Property With Respect To Specified Harmful Foreign Activities of the Government of the Russian Federation) [50 U.S.C. 1701 note], hereby order:

Section 1. (a) With respect to any foreign person identified by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, in a report to the Congress pursuant to section 7503(a)(1)(B) of PEESA, all property and interests in property of such person that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of any United States person are blocked and may not be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in.

(b) Sanctions under subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to any foreign person with respect to whom a waiver under section 7503(f) of PEESA has been issued.

(c) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted prior to the date of this order.

Sec. 2. The Secretary of State shall implement section 7503(b) of PEESA as it applies to visas, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall implement section 7503(b) of PEESA as it applies to admission and parole. Such implementation shall be consistent with any exceptions or waivers provided by statute, or in regulations, orders, or directives that may be issued pursuant to this order.

Sec. 3. The prohibitions in section 1 of this order include:

(a) the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order; and

(b) the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person.

Sec. 4. (a) Any transaction that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.

(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.

Sec. 5. I hereby determine that the making of donations of the types of articles specified in section 203(b)(2) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)) by, to, or for the benefit of any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order would seriously impair my ability to deal with the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024, and I hereby prohibit such donations as provided by section 1 of this order.

Sec. 6. For the purposes of this order:

(a) the term "entity" means a partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization;

(b) the term "foreign person" means an individual or entity that is not a United States person;

(c) the term "person" means an individual or entity; and

(d) the term "United States person" means any United States citizen, lawful permanent resident, entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States.

Sec. 7. For those persons whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order who might have a constitutional presence in the United States, I find that because of the ability to transfer funds or other assets instantaneously, prior notice to such persons of measures to be taken pursuant to this order would render those measures ineffectual. I therefore determine that for these measures to be effective in addressing the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024, there need be no prior notice of a listing or determination made pursuant to section 1 of this order.

Sec. 8. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to the President by IEEPA and PEESA, as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of these functions within the Department of the Treasury. All departments and agencies of the United States shall take all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of this order.

Sec. 9. Nothing in this order shall prohibit transactions for the conduct of the official business of the Federal Government or the United Nations, including its programs, funds, and other entities and bodies, as well as its specialized agencies and related organizations, by employees, grantees, and contractors thereof.

Sec. 10. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.
22 U.S.C. § 10305 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 110: INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBER DIPLOMACY / Section 10305: Establishment and expansion of Regional Technology Officer Program
Establishment and expansion of Regional Technology Officer Program
Status: in_force

(a) Regional Technology Officer Program

(1) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish a program, which shall be known as the "Regional Technology Officer Program" (referred to in this section as the "Program"), and shall be administered by the Bureau for Cyberspace and Digital Policy.

(2) Goals

The goals of the Program shall include the following:

(A) Promoting United States leadership in technology abroad.

(B) Working with partners to increase the deployment of critical and emerging technology in support of democratic values.

(C) Shaping diplomatic agreements in regional and international fora with respect to critical and emerging technologies.

(D) Building diplomatic capacity for handling critical and emerging technology issues.

(E) Facilitating the role of critical and emerging technology in advancing the foreign policy objectives of the United States through engagement with research labs, incubators, and venture capitalists.

(F) Maintaining the advantages of the United States with respect to critical and emerging technologies.

(b) Implementation plan

Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022, the Secretary shall submit an implementation plan to the appropriate congressional committees that outlines strategies for—

(1) advancing the goals described in subsection (a)(2);

(2) hiring Regional Technology Officers and increasing the competitiveness of the Program within the Foreign Service bidding process;

(3) expanding the Program to include a minimum of 15 Regional Technology Officers; and

(4) assigning not fewer than 2 Regional Technology Officers to posts within—

(A) each regional bureau of the Department; and

(B) the Bureau of International Organization Affairs.

(c) Annual briefing requirement

Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary shall brief the appropriate congressional committees regarding the status of the implementation plan required under subsection (b).

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated up to $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCV, §9508, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3906; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXIII, §7301, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2541.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 118–159 inserted ", and shall be administered by the Bureau for Cyberspace and Digital Policy" before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of "Secretary", "appropriate congressional committees", and "Department" as used in this section, see section 9002 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2595a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 35: ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT / Subchapter V: ON-SITE INSPECTION ACTIVITIES / Section 2595a: Policy coordination concerning implementation of on-site inspection provisions
Policy coordination concerning implementation of on-site inspection provisions
Status: in_force

(a) Interagency coordination

OSIA should receive policy guidance which is formulated through an interagency mechanism established by the President.

(b) Role of Secretary of Defense

The Secretary of Defense should provide to OSIA appropriate policy guidance formulated through the interagency mechanism described in subsection (a) and operational direction, consistent with section 113(b) of title 10.

(c) Role of Secretary of State

The Secretary of State should provide to the interagency mechanism described in subsection (a) appropriate recommendations for policy guidance to OSIA consistent with sections 2551(3) and 2574(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 87–297, title V, §502, formerly §62, as added Pub. L. 101–216, title II, §201, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1855; renumbered §502 and amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1223(18), (21), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–772.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1223(18), in heading substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" and in text substituted "Secretary of State" for "Director" and "2551(3) and 2574(b)" for "2551(d), 2562, and 2574(c)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1980 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 25: PROTECTION OF VESSELS ON THE HIGH SEAS AND IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES / Section 1980: Compensation for loss or destruction of commercial fishing vessel or gear
Compensation for loss or destruction of commercial fishing vessel or gear
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) The terms "fishery", "fishery conservation zone", "fishing", "fishing vessel", "Secretary", and "vessel of the United States" shall each have the same respective meaning as is given to such terms in section 3 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802).1

(2) The term "fishing gear" means any equipment or appurtenance which is necessary for the carrying out of fishing operations by a fishing vessel, whether or not such equipment or appurtenance is attached to such vessel.

(3) The term "fund" means the Fishing Vessel and Gear Damage Compensation Fund established under subsection (f).

(4) The term "resulting economic loss" means the gross income, as estimated by the Secretary, that a fishing vessel owner or operator who is eligible for compensation under this section for damage to, loss of, or destruction of, a fishing vessel or the fishing gear used with such vessel will lose by reason of not being able to engage in fishing, or having to reduce his fishing effort, during the period before the vessel or gear, or both, are repaired or replaced and available for use.

(b) Causes of loss or destruction

Subject to the provisions of this section, the owner or operator (hereinafter referred to as the "vessel owner") of any fishing vessel which is a vessel of the United States is eligible for monetary compensation under this section for any damage to, loss of, or destruction of such vessel, or any fishing gear used with such vessel, or both, and for any resulting economic loss, if the damage, loss, or destruction—

(1) in the case of such vessel—

(A) occurs when such vessel is engaged in any fishery subject to the exclusive fishery management authority of the United States under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act [16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.], and

(B) is attributable to any vessel (or its crew or fishing gear) other than a vessel of the United States; or

(2) in the case of such fishing gear—

(A) occurs when such fishing gear is being used for fishing in any fishery subject to such exclusive management authority, and

(B) is attributable to any other vessel, whether or not such vessel is a vessel of the United States.

For purposes of subparagraph (B), there shall be a rebuttable presumption that any damage, loss, or destruction of fishing gear is attributable to another vessel.

(c) Eligibility for compensation

A vessel owner is not eligible for compensation under this section with respect to fishing vessel or fishing gear damage, loss, or destruction and resulting economic loss unless such owner—

(1) makes application to the Secretary for compensation under this section within 90 days after the day on which the damage, loss, or destruction occurred or was first noticed by the owner;

(2) pays upon making such application a reasonable administrative fee which the Secretary shall deposit into the fund;

(3) has, in such form as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulation, a current inventory or other evidence of possession of the fishery vessel or fishing gear concerned;

(4) has complied with all applicable regulations, if any, relating to the marking of, and (if appropriate) the notification of the location of, the fishing gear concerned; and

(5) is in compliance with such other regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary to carry out this section.

(d) Application for compensation; initial determination of eligibility; amount of compensation; review of initial determination; subrogation of United States upon payment

(1) Application for compensation under this section shall be made in such form and manner, and include such documentation and other evidence relating to the cause and extent of the damage, loss, or destruction, and resulting economic loss, claimed, as the Secretary shall prescribe by regulation. The Secretary shall promptly, but not later than sixty days after receipt of an application, consider, and issue an initial determination with respect to, the application.

(2) The amount of compensation awarded to any vessel owner under this section shall be—

(A) the depreciated replacement cost, or the repair cost, whichever cost is less, of the fishing vessel or the fishing gear concerned; and

(B) 25 percent of any resulting economic loss.

Any amount determined pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be reduced to the extent that evidence indicates that negligence by the vessel owner or operator contributed to the cause or the extent of the damage, loss, or destruction and shall be further reduced by the amount of compensation, if any, that the vessel owner or operator has received or will receive with respect to the damage, loss, destruction, or resulting economic loss through insurance, pursuant to any other provision of law, or otherwise.

(3) The initial determination made by the Secretary under paragraph (1) with respect to any application shall—

(A) if the application is disapproved, set forth the reasons therefor; or

(B) if the application is approved, set forth the amount of compensation to which the applicant is entitled and the basis on which such amount was determined.

(4) Any vessel owner who is aggrieved by any decision of the Secretary contained in the initial determination of the Secretary regarding such owner's application may, within thirty days after the date of issue of the initial determination, petition the Secretary for a review of the decision. If petition for review is not made to the Secretary within such thirty-day period regarding the initial determination, the initial determination shall be deemed to be the final determination on the application. Before undertaking any such review, the Secretary shall provide to the vessel owner opportunity to submit additional written or oral evidence relating to the decision. After review the Secretary shall issue a final determination with respect to the application.

(5) If compensation is awarded under the final determination on any application, the Secretary shall promptly pay from the fund to such owner the amount of compensation stated in the final determination. Upon the acceptance of such payment by the vessel owner, the United States shall be subrogated to all rights of the vessel owner with respect to which the payment is made.

(e) Surcharge on foreign fishing vessels

In addition to any fee imposed under section 204(b)(10) of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1824(b)(10)) with respect to any foreign fishing vessel for any year after 1978, the Secretary shall impose a surcharge in an amount not to exceed 20 percent of the amount of the fee imposed under such section for such year. The failure to pay any surcharge imposed under this subsection with respect to any foreign fishing vessel shall be treated by the Secretary as a failure to pay the fee for such vessel under such section 204(b)(10).

(f) Fishing Vessel and Gear Damage Compensation Fund; requirements, etc.

(1) There is established in the Treasury of the United States the Fishing Vessel and Gear Damage Compensation Fund. The fund shall be available without fiscal year limitation as a revolving fund for the purposes of administering, and paying compensation awarded under, this section.

(2) The fund shall consist of—

(A) all sums recovered by the United States in the exercise of rights subrogated to it under subsection (d)(5);

(B) all administrative fees collected under subsection (c)(2);

(C) all surcharges collected under subsection (e);

(D) revenues received from deposits or investments made under the last sentence of this paragraph; and

(E) any revenue acquired through the issuance of obligations under paragraph (3).

Sums may be expended from the fund only to such extent and in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts. Sums in the fund which are not currently needed for the purpose of paying such awards shall be kept on deposit or invested in obligations of, or guaranteed by, the United States.

(3) Whenever the amount in the fund is not sufficient to pay compensation under this section, the Secretary may issue, in an amount not to exceed $5,000,000, notes or other obligations to the Secretary of the Treasury, in such forms and denominations, bearing such maturities, and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. Such notices 2 or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate to be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury on the basis of the current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding the issuance of such notices 2 or other obligations. Moneys obtained by the Secretary under this paragraph shall be deposited in the fund and redemptions of any such notices 2 or other obligations shall be made from the fund. The Secretary of the Treasury shall purchase any such notes or other obligations, and for such purpose he may use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31. The Secretary of the Treasury may sell any such notices 2 or other obligations at such times and prices and upon such terms and conditions as he shall determine. All purchases, redemptions, and sales of such notes or other obligations by the Secretary of the Treasury shall be treated as public debt transactions of the United States. All borrowing authority contained herein shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.

(g) Penalty for false or misleading statements

Any person who willfully makes any false or misleading statement or representation for the purpose of obtaining compensation under this section is guilty of a criminal offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $25,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.

(Aug. 27, 1954, ch. 1018, §10, as added Pub. L. 95–194, §2, Nov. 18, 1977, 91 Stat. 1413; amended Pub. L. 95–376, §3(a), Sept. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 715; Pub. L. 96–289, §4(b), June 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 96–561, title II, §§238(b), 241, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3300, 3301; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title II, §211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802), referred to in subsec. (a)(1), contained a prior par. (8) defining "fishery conservation zone" which was repealed and a new par. defining "exclusive economic zone" was added by Pub. L. 99–659, title I, §101(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3706.

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, which is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1801 et seq.) of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1801 of Title 16 and Tables.

Codification

In subsec. (f)(3), "chapter 31 of title 31" substituted for "the Second Liberty Bond Act" on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

Amendments

1996—Subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(1)(A), (e). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "Magnuson-Stevens Fishery" for "Magnuson Fishery".

1980—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–561, §238(b), substituted "Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act" for "Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96–561, §241(1), added par. (4).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–561, §§238(b), 241(2), inserted in provision preceding par. (1) "and for any resulting economic loss" after "or both," substituted "Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act" for "Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976", struck out provision in par. (2)(B) permitting compensation in the case of fishing gear lost, damaged, or destroyed by an act of God, and inserted provision following par. (2)(B) establishing for purposes of subpar. (B) a rebuttable presumption that any damage, loss, or destruction of fishing gear is attributable to another vessel.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–561, §241(3), inserted in provision preceding par. (1) "and resulting economic loss" after "destruction".

Pub. L. 96–289 substituted "90" for "sixty" in par. (1).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–561, §241(4), inserted in par. (1) ", and resulting economic loss," after "destruction" and in par. (2) included within the amount of compensation awarded to any vessel owner 25 percent of any resulting economic loss.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–561, §238(b), substituted "Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act" for "Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976".

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–376 substituted provisions defining "fishery", "fishing conservation zone", "fishing", "fishing vessel", "Secretary", "vessel of the United States", "fishing gear" and "fund" for provisions authorizing the Secretary to make a loan to an owner or operator whose commercial fishing vessel or its fishing gear was lost, damaged or destroyed by any vessel of a foreign nation.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–376 substituted provisions setting forth the causes of the damage, loss, or destruction of the vessel or its gear for which compensation is payable for provisions authorizing the Secretary to conduct an investigation of each incident of loss, damage or destruction for which the owner received a loan and allowing for repayment or cancellation of such loan depending on fault or nonfault of owner.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–376 substituted provisions setting forth the administrative provisions for making a claim for compensation for provisions directing the Secretary, with the assistance of the Attorney General, the Secretary of State, and the claimant, to take appropriate action to collect on any rights assigned to him, and directing how any sums recovered shall be dispensed.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–376 substituted provisions setting forth the form, manner and documentation of the application, the amount of compensation payable, procedure for review of the initial determination of eligibility and prompt payment upon finding of such eligibility for provisions defining "Secretary" as the "Secretary of Commerce".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–376 substituted provisions authorizing the imposition of a maximum 20 per cent surcharge in addition to any fee imposed under section 1824(b)(10) of title 16 for provisions authorizing the Secretary to establish by regulation fees to recover the cost of administering this section.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 95–376 added subsecs. (f) and (g).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title II, §211(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–41, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Oct. 11, 1996.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–561, title II, §238(b), Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3300, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective 15 days after Dec. 22, 1980.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–376, §3(b), Sept. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 718, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect January 1, 1979."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 95–376, §3(c), Sept. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 718, provided that: "Nothing in the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be construed as affecting in any manner or to any extent any loan made under section 10 of the Fishermen's Protective Act of 1967 (as in effect before January 1, 1979) [this section], and, for purposes of the consideration by the Secretary of Commerce of any application for a loan under such section which was filed, but not acted on, before January 1, 1979, the amendment made by subsection (a) shall not be deemed to have been enacted."

Compensation for Certain Fishing Vessel and Gear Damage; Application

Pub. L. 96–561, title II, §240(a), (b)(1), Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3300, 3301, provided that:

"(a) In General.—If—

"(1) any owner or operator of a fishing vessel who suffered, after September 17, 1978, and before the date of the enactment of this title [Dec. 22, 1980], damage to, or loss or destruction of, such vessel or fishing gear used with such vessel, but did not apply for compensation therefor under section 10 of the Fishermen's Protective Act of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1980) within the 60-day period prescribed in subsection (c)(1) of such section; or

"(2) any commercial fisherman who suffered, after September 17, 1978, and before the date of the enactment of this title, damages compensable under title IV of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1978 (43 U.S.C. 1841 et seq.), but who did not timely file a claim therefor within the 60-day period prescribed in section 405(a) of such Act [43 U.S.C. 1845(a)];

such owner or operator may make application for compensation with respect to such damage, loss or destruction under such section 10 [this section], and such commercial fisherman may file a claim for, compensation for such damages under such title IV [43 U.S.C. 1841 et seq.], to the Secretary of Commerce, within the 60-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this title [Dec. 22, 1980].

"(b) Special Provisions.—(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

"(A) any application or filing timely made under subsection (a) shall be treated by the Secretary of Commerce as an application timely made under such section 10(c)(1) [subsec. (c)(1) of this section], or as a filing timely made under such section 405(a) [43 U.S.C. 1845(a)], as the case may be, with respect to the damage, loss, or destruction claimed; and

"(B) any claim for fishing gear loss that was pending on June 1, 1980, before the United States-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Fisheries Claims Board or the American-Spanish Fisheries Board shall be treated by the Secretary of Commerce as a timely application made, on the date of the enactment of this title [Dec. 22, 1980], under such section 10(c)(1) [subsec. (c)(1) of this section] for compensation for such loss."

Timely Applications for Compensation

Pub. L. 96–289, §4(a), June 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 605, provided that: "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 10(c)(1) of the Fishermens Protective Act of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1980) [subsec. (c)(1) of this section] applications for compensation under such Act [this chapter], filed within 90 days after the date of enactment of this subsection [June 28, 1980] shall be deemed to be timely filed."

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "notes".
22 U.S.C. § 10001 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 107: SUDAN DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND FISCAL TRANSPARENCY / Section 10001: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and

(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) International financial institutions

The term "international financial institutions" means—

(A) the International Monetary Fund;

(B) the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development;

(C) the International Development Association;

(D) the International Finance Corporation;

(E) the Inter-American Development Bank;

(F) the Asian Development Bank;

(G) the Inter-American Investment Corporation;

(H) the African Development Bank;

(I) the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development;

(J) the Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency; and

(K) any multilateral financial institution, established after January 1, 2021, that could provide financial assistance to the Government of Sudan.

(3) Sovereignty Council

The term "Sovereignty Council" means the governing body of Sudan during the transitional period that consists of—

(A) 5 civilians selected by the Forces of Freedom and Change;

(B) 5 members selected by the Transitional Military Council; and

(C) 1 member selected by agreement between the Forces of Freedom and Change and the Transitional Military Council.

(4) Sudanese security and intelligence services

The term "Sudanese security and intelligence services" means—

(A) the Sudan Armed Forces;

(B) the Rapid Support Forces,1

(C) Sudan's Popular Defense Forces and other paramilitary units;

(D) Sudan's police forces;

(E) the General Intelligence Service, previously known as the National Intelligence and Security Services; and

(F) related entities, such as Sudan's Military Industry Corporation.

(5) Transitional period

The term "transitional period" means the 39-month period beginning on August 17, 2019 (the date of the signing of Sudan's constitutional charter), during which—

(A) the members of the Sovereignty Council described in paragraph (3)(B) select a chair of the Council for the first 21 months of the period; and

(B) the members of the Sovereignty Council described in paragraph (3)(A) select a chair of the Council for the remaining 18 months of the period.

(Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1262, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3967.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle G (§§1261–1270E) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 116–283, known as the Sudan Democratic Transition, Accountability, and Fiscal Transparency Act of 2020, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1261, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3967, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle G (§§1261–1270E) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 116–283, enacting this chapter and amending and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense] may be cited as the 'Sudan Democratic Transition, Accountability, and Fiscal Transparency Act of 2020'."

Special Envoy for Sudan

Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXII, §7204, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2529, provided that:

"(a) Establishment.—The President shall, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a Special Envoy for Sudan at the Department (in this section referred to as the 'Special Envoy'). The Special Envoy shall report directly to the Secretary [of State] and should not hold another position in the Department [of State] while holding the position of Special Envoy.

"(b) Duties.—The Special Envoy shall—

"(1) lead United States diplomatic efforts to support negotiations and humanitarian response efforts related to alleviating the crisis in Sudan;

"(2) be responsible for coordinating policy development and execution related to ending the conflict and a future path to national recovery and democratic transition in Sudan across all bureaus in the Department and coordinating with interagency partners; and

"(3) consult regularly with the appropriate congressional committees [Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives] and keep such committees fully and currently informed on the status of diplomatic efforts and negotiations.

"(c) Staffing.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall ensure that the Special Envoy is staffed with personnel approved by the envoy, including through reassignment of positions responsible for issues related to Sudan that currently exist within the Department, encouraging details or assignment of employees of the Department from regional and functional bureaus with expertise relevant to Sudan, or through request for interagency details of individuals with relevant experience from other United States Government departments or agencies, including the Department of Treasury.

"(2) Briefing requirements.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], the Department should brief the appropriate congressional committees on the number of full-time equivalent positions supporting the Special Envoy and the relevant expertise and duties of any employees of the Department serving as detailees.

"(d) Sunset.—The position of the Special Envoy for Sudan shall terminate on the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act."

1 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.
22 U.S.C. § 2761 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter II: FOREIGN MILITARY SALES AUTHORIZATIONS / Section 2761: Sales from stocks
Sales from stocks
Status: in_force

(a) Eligible countries or international organizations; basis of payment; valuation of certain defense articles

(1) The President may sell defense articles and defense services from the stocks of the Department of Defense and the Coast Guard to any eligible country or international organization if such country or international organization agrees to pay in United States dollars—

(A) in the case of a defense article not intended to be replaced at the time such agreement is entered into, not less than the actual value thereof;

(B) in the case of a defense article intended to be replaced at the time such agreement is entered into, the estimated cost of replacement of such article, including the contract or production costs less any depreciation in the value of such article; or

(C) in the case of the sale of a defense service, the full cost to the United States Government of furnishing such service, except that in the case of training sold to a purchaser who is concurrently receiving assistance under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.] or to any high-income foreign country (as described in that chapter), only those additional costs that are incurred by the United States Government in furnishing such assistance.

(2) For purposes of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1), the actual value of a naval vessel of 3,000 tons or less and 20 years or more of age shall be considered to be not less than the greater of the scrap value or fair value (including conversion costs) of such vessel, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.

(b) Time of payment

Except as provided by subsection (d) of this section, payment shall be made in advance or, if the President determines it to be in the national interest, upon delivery of the defense article or rendering of the defense service.

(c) Personnel performing defense services sold as prohibited from performing combat activities

(1) Personnel performing defense services sold under this chapter may not perform any duties of a combatant nature, including any duties related to training and advising that may engage United States personnel in combat activities, outside the United States in connection with the performance of those defense services.

(2) Within forty-eight hours of the existence of, or a change in status of significant hostilities or terrorist acts or a series of such acts, which may endanger American lives or property, involving a country in which United States personnel are performing defense services pursuant to this chapter or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate a report, in writing, classified if necessary, setting forth—

(A) the identity of such country;

(B) a description of such hostilities or terrorist acts; and

(C) the number of members of the United States Armed Forces and the number of United States civilian personnel that may be endangered by such hostilities or terrorist acts.

(d) Billings; interest after due date, rates of interest and extension of due date

If the President determines it to be in the national interest pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, billings for sales made under letters of offer issued under this section after June 30, 1976, may be dated and issued upon delivery of the defense article or rendering of the defense service and shall be due and payable upon receipt thereof by the purchasing country or international organization. Interest shall be charged on any net amount due and payable which is not paid within sixty days after the date of such billing. The rate of interest charged shall be a rate not less than a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the current average market yield on outstanding short-term obligations of the United States as of the last day of the month preceding the billing and shall be computed from the date of billing. The President may extend such sixty-day period to one hundred and twenty days if he determines that emergency requirements of the purchaser for acquisition of such defense articles or defense services exceed the ready availability to the purchaser of funds sufficient to pay the United States in full for them within such sixty-day period and submits that determination to the Congress together with a special emergency request for the authorization and appropriation of additional funds to finance such purchases under this chapter.

(e) Charges; reduction or waiver

(1) After September 30, 1976, letters of offer for the sale of defense articles or for the sale of defense services that are issued pursuant to this section or pursuant to section 2762 of this title shall include appropriate charges for—

(A) administrative services, calculated on an average percentage basis to recover the full estimated costs (excluding a pro rata share of fixed base operation costs) of administration of sales made under this chapter to all purchasers of such articles and services as specified in section 2792(b) of this title and section 2792(c) of this title;

(B) a proportionate amount of any nonrecurring costs of research, development, and production of major defense equipment (except for equipment wholly paid for either from funds transferred under section 503(a)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2311(a)(3)] or from funds made available on a nonrepayable basis under section 2763 of this title); and

(C) the recovery of ordinary inventory losses associated with the sale from stock of defense articles that are being stored at the expense of the purchaser of such articles.

(2)(A) The President may reduce or waive the charge or charges which would otherwise be considered appropriate under paragraph (1)(B) for particular sales that would, if made, significantly advance United States Government interests in North Atlantic Treaty Organization standardization, standardization with the Armed Forces of Japan, Australia, the Republic of Korea, Israel, or New Zealand in furtherance of the mutual defense treaties between the United States and those countries, or foreign procurement in the United States under coproduction arrangements.

(B) The President may waive the charge or charges which would otherwise be considered appropriate under paragraph (1)(B) for a particular sale if the President determines that—

(i) imposition of the charge or charges likely would result in the loss of the sale; or

(ii) in the case of a sale of major defense equipment that is also being procured for the use of the Armed Forces, the waiver of the charge or charges would (through a resulting increase in the total quantity of the equipment purchased from the source of the equipment that causes a reduction in the unit cost of the equipment) result in a savings to the United States on the cost of the equipment procured for the use of the Armed Forces that substantially offsets the revenue foregone by reason of the waiver of the charge or charges.

(C) The President may waive, for particular sales of major defense equipment, any increase in a charge or charges previously considered appropriate under paragraph (1)(B) if the increase results from a correction of an estimate (reasonable when made) of the production quantity base that was used for calculating the charge or charges for purposes of such paragraph.

(3)(A) The President may waive the charges for administrative services that would otherwise be required by paragraph (1)(A) in connection with any sale to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support and Procurement Organization and its executive agencies in support of—

(i) a support or procurement partnership agreement; or

(ii) a NATO/SHAPE project.

(B) The Secretary of Defense may reimburse the fund established to carry out section 2792(b) of this title in the amount of the charges waived under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. Any such reimbursement may be made from any funds available to the Department of Defense.

(C) As used in this paragraph—

(i) the term "support or procurement partnership agreement" means an agreement between two or more member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support and Procurement Organization and its executive agencies that—

(I) is entered into pursuant to the terms of the charter of that organization; and

(II) is for the common logistic support of activities common to the participating countries; and

(ii) the term "NATO/SHAPE project" means a common-funded project supported by allocated credits from North Atlantic Treaty Organization bodies or by host nations with NATO Infrastructure funds.

(f) Public inspection of contracts

Any contracts entered into between the United States and a foreign country under the authority of this section or section 2762 of this title shall be prepared in a manner which will permit them to be made available for public inspection to the fullest extent possible consistent with the national security of the United States.

(g) North Atlantic Treaty Organization standardization agreements, similar agreements; reimbursement for costs; transmittal to Congress

The President may enter into North Atlantic Treaty Organization standardization agreements in carrying out section 814 of the Act of October 7, 1975 (Public Law 94–106), and may enter into similar agreements with countries which are major non-NATO allies, for the cooperative furnishing of training on bilateral or multilateral basis, if the financial principles of such agreements are based on reciprocity. Such agreements shall include reimbursement for all direct costs but may exclude reimbursement for indirect costs, administrative surcharges, and costs of billeting of trainees (except to the extent that members of the United States Armed Forces occupying comparable accommodations are charged for such accommodations by the United States). Each such agreement shall be transmitted promptly to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Relations of the Senate.

(h) Reciprocal quality assurance, inspection, contract administrative services, and contract audit defense services; catalog data and services

(1) The President is authorized to provide (without charge) quality assurance, inspection, contract administration services, and contract audit defense services under this section—

(A) in connection with the placement or administration of any contract or subcontract for defense articles, defense services, or design and construction services entered into after October 29, 1979, by, or under this chapter on behalf of, a foreign government which is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or the Governments of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the Republic of Korea, or Israel, if such government provides such services in accordance with an agreement on a reciprocal basis, without charge, to the United States Government; or

(B) in connection with the placement or administration of any contract or subcontract for defense articles, defense services, or design and construction services pursuant to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Security Investment program in accordance with an agreement under which the foreign governments participating in such program provide such services, without charge, in connection with similar contracts or subcontracts.

(2) In carrying out the objectives of this section, the President is authorized to provide cataloging data and cataloging services, without charge, to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, to any member government of that Organization, or to the Governments of the Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel if that Organization, member government, or the Governments of the Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel provides such data and services in accordance with an agreement on a reciprocal basis, without charge, to the United States Government.

(i) Sales affecting combat readiness of Armed Forces; statement to Congress; limitation on delivery

(1) Sales of defense articles and defense services which could have significant adverse effect on the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the United States shall be kept to an absolute minimum. The President shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Armed Services of the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations of the Senate on the same day a written statement giving a complete explanation with respect to any proposal to sell, under this section or under authority of subchapter II–B, any defense articles or defense services if such sale could have a significant adverse effect on the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of the United States. Each such statement shall be unclassified except to the extent that public disclosure of any item of information contained therein would be clearly detrimental to the security of the United States. Any necessarily classified information shall be confined to a supplemental report. Each such statement shall include an explanation relating to only one such proposal to sell and shall set forth—

(A) the country or international organization to which the sale is proposed to be made;

(B) the amount of the proposed sale;

(C) a description of the defense article or service proposed to be sold;

(D) a full description of the impact which the proposed sale will have on the Armed Forces of the United States; and

(E) a justification for such proposed sale, including a certification that such sale is important to the security of the United States.

A certification described in subparagraph (E) shall take effect on the date on which such certification is transmitted and shall remain in effect for not to exceed one year.

(2) No delivery may be made under any sale which is required to be reported under paragraph (1) of this subsection unless the certification required to be transmitted by paragraph 1 (E) of paragraph (1) is in effect.

(j) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title I, §112, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 206

(k) Effect of sales of excess defense articles on national technology and industrial base

Before entering into the sale under this chapter of defense articles that are excess to the stocks of the Department of Defense, the President shall determine that the sale of such articles will not have an adverse impact on the national technology and industrial base and, particularly, will not reduce the opportunities of entities in the national technology and industrial base to sell new or used equipment to the countries to which such articles are transferred.

(l) Repair of defense articles

(1) In general

The President may acquire a repairable defense article from a foreign country or international organization if such defense article—

(A) previously was transferred to such country or organization under this chapter;

(B) is not an end item; and

(C) will be exchanged for a defense article of the same type that is in the stocks of the Department of Defense.

(2) Limitation

The President may exercise the authority provided in paragraph (1) only to the extent that the Department of Defense—

(A)(i) has a requirement for the defense article being returned; and

(ii) has available sufficient funds authorized and appropriated for such purpose; or

(B)(i) is accepting the return of the defense article for subsequent transfer to another foreign government or international organization pursuant to a letter of offer and acceptance implemented in accordance with this chapter; and

(ii) has available sufficient funds provided by or on behalf of such other foreign government or international organization pursuant to a letter of offer and acceptance implemented in accordance with this chapter.

(3) Requirement

(A) The foreign government or international organization receiving a new or repaired defense article in exchange for a repairable defense article pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, upon the acceptance by the United States Government of the repairable defense article being returned, be charged the total cost associated with the repair and replacement transaction.

(B) The total cost charged pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be the same as that charged the United States Armed Forces for a similar repair and replacement transaction, plus an administrative surcharge in accordance with subsection (e)(1)(A) of this section.

(4) Relationship to certain other provisions of law

The authority of the President to accept the return of a repairable defense article as provided in subsection (a) shall not be subject to chapter 137 legacy provisions (as such term is defined in section 3016 of title 10) of title 10 or any other provision of law relating to the conclusion of contracts.

(m) Return of defense articles

(1) In general

The President may accept the return of a defense article from a foreign country or international organization if such defense article—

(A) previously was transferred to such country or organization under this chapter;

(B) is not significant military equipment (as defined in section 2794(9) of this title); and

(C) is in fully functioning condition without need of repair or rehabilitation.

(2) Limitation

The President may exercise the authority provided in paragraph (1) only to the extent that the Department of Defense—

(A)(i) has a requirement for the defense article being returned; and

(ii) has available sufficient funds authorized and appropriated for such purpose; or

(B)(i) is accepting the return of the defense article for subsequent transfer to another foreign government or international organization pursuant to a letter of offer and acceptance implemented in accordance with this chapter; and

(ii) has available sufficient funds provided by or on behalf of such other foreign government or international organization pursuant to a letter of offer and acceptance implemented in accordance with this chapter.

(3) Credit for transaction

Upon acquisition and acceptance by the United States Government of a defense article under paragraph (1), the appropriate Foreign Military Sales account of the provider shall be credited to reflect the transaction.

(4) Relationship to certain other provisions of law

The authority of the President to accept the return of a defense article as provided in paragraph (1) shall not be subject to chapter 137 legacy provisions (as such term is defined in section 3016 of title 10) of title 10 or any other provision of law relating to the conclusion of contracts.

(Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 2, §21, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1323; Pub. L. 94–329, title II, §§205, 206, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 736, 738; Pub. L. 95–384, §16, Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 96–92, §12, Oct. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 96–533, title I, §§102, 103, 105(b)(1), 115(b)(2), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3132, 3134, 3140; Pub. L. 97–113, title I, §§103, 104, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1521; Pub. L. 97–392, §3, Dec. 29, 1982, 96 Stat. 1963; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(1) [title III, §301], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1895; Pub. L. 99–83, title I, §§107(a), 108–111, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 196, 197; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §580], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–181; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title X, §1002, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2037; Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9104(c), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, §705(d)(1), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 120; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title I, §114, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2333; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §731(d), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title I, §112, div. D, title XLIII, §4303(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 206, 658; Pub. L. 104–164, title I, §§104(b)(1), 112(c)(2), 147(a)(3)(A), (b), 152(a), (b), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1426, 1428, 1435, 1438, 1439; Pub. L. 104–201, div. B, title XXVIII, §2802(d)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2787; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XII, §1222], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–498; Pub. L. 109–102, title V, §534(l)(1), (2), Nov. 14, 2005, 119 Stat. 2211; Pub. L. 110–429, title II, §203(b)(1), (3), (4), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4845; Pub. L. 111–266, title III, §301(1), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2804; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XII, §1250(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 926; Pub. L. 113–276, title II, §208(a)(1), (2), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2992, 2993; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XII, §1279(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2072; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1702(l)(3), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2160.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1321, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1)(C) and (c)(2), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. Chapter 5 of part II of such Act is classified generally to part V of subchapter II (§2347 et seq.) of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Section 814 of the act of October 7, 1975 (Public Law 94–106), referred to in subsec. (g), is not classified to the Code.

Codification

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 is based on section 102 of S. 2346, Ninety-eighth Congress, as introduced in the Senate Feb. 27, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–473.

Amendments

2021—Subsecs. (l)(4), (m)(4). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted "chapter 137 legacy provisions (as such term is defined in section 3016 of title 10)" for "chapter 137".

2018—Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–232, §1279(b)(1)(A), substituted "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support and Procurement Organization" for "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support Organization" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 115–232, §1279(b)(1)(B), substituted "support or procurement partnership agreement" for "support partnership agreement".

Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(i). Pub. L. 115–232, §1279(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted " 'support or procurement partnership agreement' " for " 'weapon system partnership agreement' " and "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support and Procurement Organization" for "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support Organization".

2014—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–276, §208(a)(1), substituted "the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and" for "the Speaker of the House of Representatives and".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 113–276, §208(a)(2), inserted ", the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Armed Services of the House of Representatives," after "the Speaker of the House of Representatives" in introductory provisions.

2013—Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–66, §1250(b)(1), substituted "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support Organization and its executive agencies" for "Maintenance and Supply Agency of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 113–66, §1250(b)(2), substituted "support partnership agreement" for "weapon system partnership agreement".

Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(i). Pub. L. 113–66, §1250(b)(1), substituted "North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support Organization and its executive agencies" for "Maintenance and Supply Agency of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(i)(II). Pub. L. 113–66, §1250(b)(3), substituted "activities" for "a specific weapon system".

2010—Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–266 inserted "Israel," before "or New Zealand".

2008—Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–429, §203(b)(1), inserted "the Republic of Korea," before "or New Zealand".

Subsec. (h)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–429, §203(b)(3), inserted "the Republic of Korea," before "or Israel".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 110–429, §203(b)(4), substituted ", to any member government of that Organization, or to the Governments of the Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel if that Organization, member government, or the Governments of the Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel" for "or to any member government of that Organization if that Organization or member government".

2005—Subsec. (h)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–102, §534(l)(1), inserted "or the Governments of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel" after "North Atlantic Treaty Organization".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 109–102, §534(l)(2), which directed the substitution of ", to any member of that Organization, or to the Governments of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel if that Organization, member government, or the Governments of Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Israel" for "or to any member government that Organization if that Organization or member government", could not be executed because the phrase "or to any member government that Organization if that Organization or member government" does not appear in text.

1999—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–113 inserted "and the Coast Guard" after "Department of Defense" in introductory provisions.

1996—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 104–164, §112(c)(2), inserted "or to any high-income foreign country (as described in that chapter)".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 104–106, §4303(a), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–164, §147(a)(3)(A), (b), substituted "similar agreements with countries" for "similar agreements with Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and with other countries" in first sentence and struck out at end "As used in this subsection, the term 'major non-NATO allies' means those countries designated as major non-NATO allies for purposes of section 2350a(i)(3) of title 10."

Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "Security Investment program" for "Infrastructure Program".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–106, §112, struck out heading and text of subsec. (j). Text read as follows:

"(1) Funds received from the sale of tanks under this section shall be available for the upgrading of tanks for fielding to the Army.

"(2) Funds received from the sale of infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers under this section shall be available for the upgrading of infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers for fielding to the Army.

"(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) apply only to the extent provided in advance in appropriations Acts.

"(4) This subsection applies with respect to funds received from sales occurring after September 30, 1989."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104–164, §104(b)(1), substituted "the President shall determine that the sale of such articles will not have an adverse impact on the national technology and industrial base and, particularly, will not reduce the opportunities of entities in the national technology and industrial base to sell new or used equipment to the countries to which such articles are transferred." for "the President shall first consider the effects of the sale of the articles on the national technology and industrial base, particularly the extent, if any, to which the sale reduces the opportunities of entities in the national technology and industrial base to sell new equipment to the country or countries to which the excess defense articles are sold."

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 104–164, §152(a), added subsec. (l).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 104–164, §152(b), added subsec. (m).

1994—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 103–236 added subsec. (k).

1992—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–484 added subsec. (j).

1991—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–25 substituted "section 2350a(i)(3) of title 10" for "section 2767a of this title".

1989—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–165, §9104(c)(1), inserted reference to section 2792(b) and (c) of this title.

Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–165, §9104(c)(2), (3), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and inserted exception for equipment wholly paid for from funds transferred under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 or from funds made available under section 2763 of this title. Former subpar. (B), which included charges for any use of plant and production equipment in connection with defense articles, was struck out.

Subsec. (e)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 101–165, §9104(c)(3), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (B).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–165, §9104(c)(4), substituted reference to par. (1)(B) for reference to pars. (1)(B) and (1)(C).

1988—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 100–456 added par. (3).

1987—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–202 inserted "and with other countries which are major non-NATO allies," after "New Zealand," and inserted last sentence defining "major non-NATO allies".

1985—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–83, §107(a)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), and substituted "(A)", "(B)", and "(C)" for "(1)", "(2)", and "(3)", respectively.

Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 99–83, §108(a), inserted provisions relating to training sold to a purchaser receiving assistance under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–83, §107(a)(3), added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 99–83, §109, inserted provisions excluding pro rata share of fixed base operation costs.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–83, §108(b), added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 99–83, §§110, 111(1), (2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted applicability to contract administrative services, and substituted "(A)" and "(B)" for "(1)" and "(2)", respectively.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 99–83, §111(3), added par. (2).

1984—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–473 struck out "sold to a purchaser who is concurrently receiving assistance under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961" after "in the case of training".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–473 struck out subsec. (g) which related to NATO standardization agreements and similar agreements with Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

1982—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 97–392 inserted reference to proposals to sell under the authority of subchapter II–B.

1981—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–113, §103, substituted provision for a report within forty-eight hours of existence of or change in status of significant hostilities or terrorist acts or series of such acts, which may endanger American lives or property for provision for a report within 48 hours after outbreak of significant hostilities and omitted provision for statement of relation between the defense services and hostilities in the country, the location and precise nature of personnel activities, and likelihood of personnel engagement in the hostilities.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 97–113, §104, authorized reduction or waiver of charges for use and nonrecurring research, development, and production costs respecting sales significantly advancing United States interests in standardization with Armed Forces of Japan, Australia, or New Zealand in furtherance of the mutual defense treaties between the United States and those countries.

1980—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 96–533, §115(b)(2), included payment, in case of training sold to a purchaser currently receiving international military education and training assistance, of additional costs incurred by the United States Government in furnishing the training.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–533, §102, designated existing provision as par. (1), substituted "training and advising that may engage United States personnel in combat activities" for "training, advising, or otherwise providing assistance regarding combat activities", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–533, §103, authorized the President to enter into standardization agreements with Japan, Australia, and New Zealand.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–533, §105(b)(1), substituted "defense articles, defense services, or design and construction services" for "defense articles or defense services" in two places.

1979—Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 96–92 added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i).

1978—Subsec. (e)(1)(D). Pub. L. 95–384 added subpar. (D).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–329, §205, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and substituted provisions authorizing President to sell defense articles and defense services from Department of Defense stocks to eligible countries and international organizations who agree to pay specified values for such articles and services in United States dollars, for provisions requiring that payment for defense articles and defense services from stocks be made in advance, or if in the best interest of the United States as determined by the President, within a reasonable period not to exceed 120 days after delivery of the articles or rendering of the services.

Subsecs. (b) to (h). Pub. L. 94–329, §§205, 206, added subsecs. (b) to (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, §4303(b)–(d), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 659, provided that:

"(b) Conditions.—Subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective only if—

"(1) the President, in the budget of the President for fiscal year 1997, proposes legislation that if enacted would be qualifying offsetting legislation; and

"(2) there is enacted qualifying offsetting legislation.

"(c) Effective Date.—If the conditions in subsection (b) are met, then the amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of qualifying offsetting legislation [Sept. 23, 1996].

"(d) Definitions.—For purposes of this section:

"(1) The term 'qualifying offsetting legislation' means legislation that includes provisions that—

"(A) offset fully the estimated revenues lost as a result of the amendments made by subsection (a) for each of the fiscal years 1997 through 2005;

"(B) expressly state that they are enacted for the purpose of the offset described in subparagraph (A); and

"(C) are included in full on the PayGo scorecard.

"(2) The term 'PayGo scorecard' means the estimates that are made by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under section 252(d) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 902(d)]."

[Qualifying offsetting legislation was enacted by Pub. L. 104–201, §3303, listed in a Materials in the National Defense Stockpile table under section 98d of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 1968, see section 41 of Pub. L. 90–629, set out as a note under section 2751 of this title.

Regulations

Pub. L. 104–164, title I, §152(c), July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1439, provided that: "Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of Defense shall promulgate regulations to implement subsections (l) and (m) of section 21 of the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2761(l), (m)], as added by this section."

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Improvements to Defense Acquisition Workforce for Foreign Military Sales

Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title XII, §1210(b), (c), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2098, provided that:

"(b) Foreign Military Sales Continuous Process Improvement Board.—

"(1) Establishment.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a Foreign Military Sales Continuous Process Improvement Board (in this section referred to as the 'Board') to serve as an enduring governance structure within the Department of Defense that reports to the Secretary on matters relating to the foreign military sales process so as to enhance accountability and continuous improvement within the Department, including the objectives of—

"(A) improving the understanding, among officials of the Department, of ally and partner requirements;

"(B) enabling efficient reviews for release of technology;

"(C) providing ally and partner countries with relevant priority equipment;

"(D) accelerating acquisition and contracting support;

"(E) expanding the capacity of the defense industrial base;

"(F) working with other departments and agencies to promote broad United States Government support; and

"(G) any other matters determined by the Secretary to be relevant to the Board.

"(2) Membership.—The Board shall be composed of not fewer than seven members, each of whom shall have expertise in security cooperation, security assistance, defense acquisition, business process reform, or any disciplines the Secretary determines to be important to the functioning of the Board.

"(3) Sunset.—This subsection shall terminate on December 31, 2030.

"(c) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'defense acquisition workforce' means the Department of Defense acquisition workforce described in chapter 87 of title 10, United States Code.

"(2) The term 'nonprofit organization' means an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)] and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code[.]

"(3) The term 'security cooperation workforce' has the meaning given the term in section 384 of title 10, United States Code."

Notional Milestones and Standard Timelines for Contracts for Foreign Military Sales

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VIII, §887, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1506, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VIII, §887, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3791, provided that:

"(a) Establishment.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish specific notional milestones and standard timelines for the Department of Defense to achieve such milestones in its processing of a foreign military sale (as authorized under chapter 2 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2761 et seq.)). Such milestones and timelines—

"(A) may vary depending on the complexity of the foreign military sale; and

"(B) shall cover the period beginning on the date of receipt of a complete letter of request (as described in chapter 5 of the Security Assistance Management Manual of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency) from a foreign country and ending on the date of the final delivery of a defense article or defense service sold through the foreign military sale.

"(2) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the milestones and timelines developed pursuant to paragraph (1) of this section.

"(b) Submissions to Congress.—

"(1) Quarterly notification.—During the period beginning 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on December 31, 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, on a quarterly basis, a report that includes a list of each foreign military sale with a value greater than or equal to the dollar threshold for congressional notification under section 36 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2776)—

"(A) for which the final delivery of a defense article or defense service has not been completed; and

"(B) that has not met a standard timeline to achieve a notional milestone as established under subsection (a).

"(2) Annual report.—Not later than November 1, 2019, and annually thereafter until December 31, 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that summarizes—

"(A) the number, set forth separately by dollar value and notional milestone, of foreign military sales that met the standard timeline to achieve a notional milestone established under subsection (a) during the preceding fiscal year; and

"(B) the number, set forth separately by dollar value and notional milestone, of each foreign military sale that did not meet the standard timeline to achieve a notional milestone established under subsection (a), and a description of any extenuating factors explaining why such a sale did not achieve such milestone.

"(3) Applicability.—The requirements of this subsection apply only to foreign military sales processes within the Department of Defense.

"(c) Definitions.—In this section—

"(1) the terms 'defense article' and 'defense service' have the meanings given those terms, respectively, in section 47 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794); and

"(2) the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives."

International Sales Process Improvements

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1297, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2563, provided that:

"(a) Plan Required.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], the Secretary of Defense shall develop a plan to improve the management and use of fees collected on transfer of defense articles and services via sale, lease, or grant to international customers under programs over which the Defense Security Cooperation Agency has administration responsibilities. The plan shall include options to use fees more effectively—

"(1) to improve the staffing and processes of the licensing review cycle at the Defense Technology Security Administration and other reviewing authorities; and

"(2) to maintain a cadre of contracting officers and acquisition officials who specialize in foreign military sales contracting.

"(b) Process for Gathering Input.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a process for contractors to provide input, feedback, and adjudication of any differences regarding the appropriateness of governmental pricing and availability estimates prior to the delivery to potential foreign customers of formal responses to Letters of Request for Pricing and Availability."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of certain functions of the President under this section, see section 1(c) of Ex. Ord. No. 13637, Mar. 8, 2013, 78 F.R. 16129, set out as a note under section 2751 of this title. Functions were previously delegated by Ex. Ord. No. 11958, which was formerly set out as a note under section 2751 of this title and was revoked, subject to a savings provision, by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 13637.

1 So in original. Probably should be "subparagraph".
22 U.S.C. § 7103a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 78: TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION / Section 7103a: Creating, building, and strengthening partnerships against significant trafficking in persons
Creating, building, and strengthening partnerships against significant trafficking in persons
Status: in_force

(a) Declaration of purpose

The purpose of this section is to promote collaboration and cooperation—

(1) between the United States Government and governments listed on the annual Trafficking in Persons Report;

(2) between foreign governments and civil society actors; and

(3) between the United States Government and private sector entities.

(b) Partnerships

The Director of the office established pursuant to section 7103(e)(1) of this title, in coordination and cooperation with other officials at the Department of State, officials at the Department of Labor, and other relevant officials of the United States Government, shall promote, build, and sustain partnerships between the United States Government and private entities, including foundations, universities, corporations, community-based organizations, and other nongovernmental organizations, to ensure that—

(1) United States citizens do not use any item, product, or material produced or extracted with the use and labor from victims of severe forms of trafficking; and

(2) such entities do not contribute to trafficking in persons involving sexual exploitation.

(c) Program to address emergency situations

The Secretary of State, acting through the Director established pursuant to section 7103(e)(1) of this title, is authorized to establish a fund to assist foreign governments in meeting unexpected, urgent needs in prevention of trafficking in persons, protection of victims, and prosecution of trafficking offenders.

(d) Child protection compacts

(1) In general

The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the Secretary of Labor, and the heads of other relevant agencies, is authorized to provide assistance under this section for each country that enters into a child protection compact with the United States to support policies and programs that—

(A) prevent and respond to violence, exploitation, and abuse against children; and

(B) measurably reduce the trafficking of minors by building sustainable and effective systems of justice, prevention, and protection.

(2) Elements

A child protection compact under this subsection shall establish a multi-year plan for achieving shared objectives in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter. The compact should take into account, if applicable, the national child protection strategies and national action plans for human trafficking of a country, and shall describe—

(A) the specific objectives the foreign government and the United States Government expect to achieve during the term of the compact;

(B) the responsibilities of the foreign government and the United States Government in the achievement of such objectives;

(C) the particular programs or initiatives to be undertaken in the achievement of such objectives and the amount of funding to be allocated to each program or initiative by both countries;

(D) regular outcome indicators to monitor and measure progress toward achieving such objectives;

(E) a multi-year financial plan, including the estimated amount of contributions by the United States Government and the foreign government, and proposed mechanisms to implement the plan and provide oversight;

(F) how a country strategy will be developed to sustain progress made toward achieving such objectives after expiration of the compact; and

(G) how child protection data will be collected, tracked, and managed to provide strengthened case management and policy planning.

(3) Form of assistance

Assistance under this subsection may be provided in the form of grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to or with national governments, regional or local governmental units, or non-governmental organizations or private entities with expertise in the protection of victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons.

(4) Eligible countries

The Secretary of State, in consultation with the agencies set forth in paragraph (1) and relevant officers of the Department of Justice, shall select countries with which to enter into child protection compacts. The selection of countries under this paragraph shall be based on—

(A) the selection criteria set forth in paragraph (5); and

(B) objective, documented, and quantifiable indicators, to the maximum extent possible.

(5) Selection criteria

A country shall be selected under paragraph (4) on the basis of criteria developed by the Secretary of State in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Secretary of Labor. Such criteria shall include—

(A) a documented high prevalence of trafficking in persons within the country; and

(B) demonstrated political motivation and sustained commitment by the government of such country to undertake meaningful measures to address severe forms of trafficking in persons, including prevention, protection of victims, and the enactment and enforcement of anti-trafficking laws against perpetrators.

(6) Suspension and termination of assistance

(A) In general

The Secretary may suspend or terminate assistance provided under this subsection in whole or in part for a country or entity if the Secretary determines that—

(i) the country or entity is engaged in activities that are contrary to the national security interests of the United States;

(ii) the country or entity has engaged in a pattern of actions inconsistent with the criteria used to determine the eligibility of the country or entity, as the case may be; or

(iii) the country or entity has failed to adhere to its responsibilities under the Compact.

(B) Reinstatement

The Secretary may reinstate assistance for a country or entity suspended or terminated under this paragraph only if the Secretary determines that the country or entity has demonstrated a commitment to correcting each condition for which assistance was suspended or terminated under subparagraph (A).

(Pub. L. 106–386, div. A, §105A, as added Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §1202, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 136.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), was in the original "this Act", meaning the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as indicated by the directory language of section 1202 of Pub. L. 113–4 which added this section. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 is div. A of Pub. L. 106–386, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1466, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of div. A to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7101 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 6711 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 75: CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 6711: Designation of United States National Authority
Designation of United States National Authority
Status: in_force

(a) Designation

Pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article VII of the Chemical Weapons Convention, the President shall designate the Department of State to be the United States National Authority.

(b) Purposes

The United States National Authority shall—

(1) serve as the national focal point for effective liaison with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and other States Parties to the Convention; and

(2) implement the provisions of this chapter in coordination with an interagency group designated by the President consisting of the Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Energy, the Attorney General, and the heads of agencies considered necessary or advisable by the President.

(c) Director

The Secretary of State shall serve as the Director of the United States National Authority.

(d) Powers

The Director may utilize the administrative authorities otherwise available to the Secretary of State in carrying out the responsibilities of the Director set forth in this chapter.

(e) Implementation

The President is authorized to implement and carry out the provisions of this chapter and the Convention and shall designate through Executive order which agencies of the United States shall issue, amend, or revise the regulations in order to implement this chapter and the provisions of the Convention. The Director of the United States National Authority shall report to the Congress on the regulations that have been issued, implemented, or revised pursuant to this section.

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title I, §101, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–860.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2), (d), and (e), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 13128. Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act

Ex. Ord. No. 13128, June 25, 1999, 64 F.R. 34703, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998 [22 U.S.C. 6701 et seq.] (as enacted in Division I of Public Law 105–277) (the Act), the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and in order to facilitate implementation of the Act and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (the "Convention"), it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. The Department of State shall be the United States National Authority (the "USNA") for purposes of the Act and the Convention.

Sec. 2. The USNA shall coordinate the implementation of the provisions of the Act and the Convention with an interagency group consisting of the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of such other agencies or departments, or their designees, I may consider necessary or advisable.

Sec. 3. The Departments of State and Commerce, and other agencies as appropriate, each shall issue, amend, or revise regulations, orders, or directives as necessary to implement the Act and U.S. obligations under Article VI and related provisions of the Convention. Regulations under section 401(a) of the Act [22 U.S.C. 6741(a)] shall be issued by the Department of Commerce by a date specified by the USNA, which shall review and approve these regulations, in coordination with the interagency group designated in section 2 of this order, prior to their issuance.

Sec. 4. The Secretary of Commerce is authorized:

(a) to obtain and execute warrants pursuant to section 305 of the Act [22 U.S.C. 6725] for the purposes of conducting inspections of facilities subject to the regulations issued by the Department of Commerce pursuant to section 3 of this order;

(b) to suspend or revoke export privileges pursuant to section 211 of the Act [18 U.S.C. 229 note]; and

(c) to carry out all functions with respect to proceedings under section 501(a) of the Act [22 U.S.C. 6761(a)] and to issue regulations with respect thereto, except for those functions that the Act specifies are to be performed by the Secretary of State or the USNA.

Sec. 5. The Departments of State, Defense, Commerce, and Energy, and other agencies as appropriate, are authorized to carry out, consistent with the Act and in accordance with subsequent directives, appropriate functions that are not otherwise assigned in the Act and are necessary to implement the provisions of the Convention and the Act.

Sec. 6. The Departments of State, Defense, Commerce, and Energy, and other agencies, as appropriate, are authorized to provide assistance to facilities not owned or operated by the U.S. Government, or contracted for use by or for the U.S. Government, in meeting reporting requirements and in preparing the facilities for possible inspection pursuant to the Convention.

Sec. 7. The USNA, in coordination with the interagency group designated in section 2 of this order, is authorized to determine whether disclosure of confidential business information pursuant to section 404(c) of the Act [22 U.S.C. 6744(c)] is in the national interest. Disclosure will not be permitted if contrary to national security or law enforcement needs.

Sec. 8. In order to take additional steps with respect to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and means of delivering them and the national emergency described and declared in Executive Order 12938 of November 14, 1994 [listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense], as amended by Executive Order 13094 of July 30, 1998, section 3 of Executive Order 12938, as amended, is amended to add a new subsection (e) to read as follows:

"(e) the Secretary of Commerce shall impose and enforce such restrictions on the importation of chemicals into the United States as may be necessary to carry out the requirements of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction."

Sec. 9. Any investigation emanating from a possible violation of this order, or of any license, order, or regulation issued pursuant to this order, involving or revealing a possible violation of 18 U.S.C. section 229 shall be referred to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which shall coordinate with the referring agency and other appropriate agencies. The FBI shall timely notify the referring agency and other appropriate agencies of any action it takes on such referrals.

Sec. 10. Nothing in this order shall create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

Sec. 11. (a) This order shall take effect at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time, June 26, 1999.

(b) This order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.
22 U.S.C. § 8211 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 89: ADVANCING DEMOCRATIC VALUES / Subchapter I: ACTIVITIES TO ENHANCE THE PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY / Section 8211: Democracy promotion at the Department of State
Democracy promotion at the Department of State
Status: in_force

(a) Democracy Liaison Officers

(1) In general

The Secretary of State shall establish and staff Democracy Liaison Officer positions. Democracy Liaison Officers shall serve under the supervision of the Assistant Secretary. Democracy Liaison Officers may be assigned to the following posts:

(A) United States missions to, or liaisons with, regional and multilateral organizations, including the United States missions to the European Union, African Union, Organization of American States, and any other appropriate regional organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the United Nations and its relevant specialized agencies, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

(B) Regional public diplomacy centers of the Department of State.

(C) United States combatant commands.

(D) Other posts as designated by the Secretary.

(2) Responsibilities

Each Democracy Liaison Officer should—

(A) provide expertise on effective approaches to promote and build democracy;

(B) assist in formulating and implementing strategies for transitions to democracy; and

(C) carry out such other responsibilities as the Secretary or the Assistant Secretary may assign.

(3) New positions

To the fullest extent practicable, taking into consideration amounts appropriated to carry out this subsection and personnel available for assignment to the positions described in paragraph (1), the Democracy Liaison Officer positions established under subsection (a) shall be new positions that are in addition to existing positions with responsibility for other human rights and democracy related issues and programs, including positions with responsibility for labor issues.

(4) Relationship to other authorities

Nothing in this subsection may be construed as altering any authority or responsibility of a chief of mission or other employee of a diplomatic mission of the United States provided under any other provision of law, including any authority or responsibility for the development or implementation of strategies to promote democracy.

(b) Office related to democratic movements and transitions

(1) Establishment

There shall be identified within the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the Department at least one office that shall be responsible for working with democratic movements and facilitating the transition to full democracy of nondemocratic countries and democratic transition countries.

(2) Responsibilities

The Assistant Secretary shall, including by acting through the office or offices identified pursuant to paragraph (1)—

(A) provide support for Democratic Liaison Officers established under subsection (a);

(B) develop relations with, consult with, and provide assistance to nongovernmental organizations, individuals, and movements that are committed to the peaceful promotion of democracy and fundamental rights and freedoms, including fostering relationships with the United States Government and the governments of other democratic countries; and

(C) assist officers and employees of regional bureaus of the Department to develop strategies and programs to promote peaceful change in nondemocratic countries and democratic transition countries.

(3) Liaison

Within the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, the Assistant Secretary shall identify officers or employees who have expertise in and shall be responsible for working with nongovernmental organizations, individuals, and movements that develop relations with, consult with, and provide assistance to nongovernmental organizations, individuals, and movements in foreign countries that are committed to the peaceful promotion of democracy and fundamental rights and freedoms.

(c) Actions by chiefs of mission

Each chief of mission in each nondemocratic country or democratic transition country should—

(1) develop, as part of annual program planning, a strategy to promote democratic principles, practices, and values in each such foreign country and to provide support, as appropriate, to nongovernmental organizations, individuals, and movements in each such country that are committed to democratic principles, practices, and values, such as by—

(A) consulting and coordinating with and providing support to such nongovernmental organizations, individuals, and movements regarding the promotion of democracy;

(B) issuing public condemnations of violations of internationally recognized human rights, including violations of religious freedom, and visiting local landmarks and other local sites associated with nonviolent protest in support of democracy and freedom from oppression; and

(C) holding periodic meetings with such nongovernmental organizations, individuals, and movements to discuss democracy and political, social, and economic freedoms;

(2) hold ongoing discussions with the leaders of each such nondemocratic country or democratic transition country regarding progress toward a democratic system of governance and the development of political, social, and economic freedoms and respect for human rights, including freedom of religion or belief, in such country; and

(3) conduct meetings with civil society, interviews with media that can directly reach citizens of each such country, and discussions with students and young people of each such country regarding progress toward a democratic system of governance and the development of political, social, and economic freedoms in each such country.

(d) Recruitment

The Secretary should seek to increase the proportion of members of the Foreign Service who serve in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XXI, §2111, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 529.)
22 U.S.C. § 1079e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM / Section 1079e: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(13), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(13), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
Status: repealed

Section 1079e, act May 1, 1956, ch. 229, §6, 70 Stat. 125, related to restriction on increases under sections 1079 to 1079f of this title.

Section 1079f, act May 1, 1956, ch. 229, §7, 70 Stat. 125, provided that no annuity currently payable be reduced as a result of sections 1079 to 1079f of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 282h (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XI: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION / Section 282h: Loans to or from International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; amendment to Articles of Agreement
Loans to or from International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; amendment to Articles of Agreement
Status: in_force

The United States Governor of the Corporation is authorized to agree to the amendments of the articles of agreement of the Corporation to remove the prohibition therein contained against the Corporation lending to or borrowing from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and to place limitations on such borrowing.

(Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 788, §10, as added Pub. L. 89–126, §2, Aug. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 519.)
22 U.S.C. § 2152i (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2152i: Small Grants Program
Small Grants Program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A Small Grants Program (SGP) shall be established within the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to provide small grants, cooperative agreements, and other assistance mechanisms and agreements of not more than $2,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of chapters 1 and 10 of part I [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq., 2293 et seq.] and chapter 4 of part II [22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.] of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Provided, That the SGP established pursuant to this section shall replace the function served previously by the Development Grants Program established under section 674 of division J, of Public Law 110–161, which is hereby abolished.

(b) Eligibility

Awards from the SGP shall only be made to eligible entities as described in the joint explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act).

(c) Proposals

Awards made pursuant to the authority of this section shall be provided through—

(1) unsolicited applications received and evaluated pursuant to USAID policy regarding such proposals;

(2) an open and competitive process; or

(3) as otherwise allowable under Federal Acquisition Regulations and USAID procurement policies.

(d) Funding

(1) Of the funds appropriated by this Act to carry out chapter 1 of part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq., 2346 et seq.], not less than $45,000,000 shall be made available for the SGP within USAID's Local Sustainability Office of the Bureau for Economic Growth, Education and Environment to carry out this subsection.

(2) Other than to meet the requirements of this section, funds made available to carry out this section may not be allocated in the report required by section 653(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2413(a)] to meet any other specifically designated funding levels contained in this Act: Provided, That such funds may be attributed to any such specifically designated funding level after the award of funds under this section, if applicable.

(3) Funds made available under this section shall remain available for obligation until September 30, 2019.

(e) Management

(1) Not later than 120 days after December 16, 2014, the USAID Administrator shall issue guidance to implement this section: Provided, That such guidance shall include the requirements contained in the joint explanatory statement described in section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act).

(2) Upon selection of a mission pursuant to the procedures required by paragraph (1), such selected mission may be allocated the full estimated cost of the multi-year program: Provided, That such allocations shall be subject to the regular notification procedures of the Committees on Appropriations.

(3) In addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, up to 20 percent of the funds made available to carry out this section may be used by USAID for administrative expenses, and other necessary support associated with managing and strengthening relationships with entities under the SGP.

(f) Report

Not later than 120 days after December 16, 2014, and after consultation with the appropriate congressional committees, the Administrator shall submit a report to such committees describing the guidance to implement the SGP.

(Pub. L. 113–235, div. J, title VII, §7080, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2682; Pub. L. 114–113, div. K, title VII, §7034(q)(3), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2768.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d)(1), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapters 1 and 10 of part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Act are classified generally to parts I (§2151 et seq.) and X (§2293 et seq.) of subchapter I and part IV (§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II, respectively, of chapter 32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to part I of subchapter I to include a reference to section 2293 of this title, see section 2293(d)(1) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Section 674 of division J, of Public Law 110–161, referred to in subsec. (a), is not classified to the Code.

Section 4 (in the matter preceding division A of this consolidated Act), referred to in subsecs. (b) and (e)(1), is section 4 of Pub. L. 113–235, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2132, which is not classified to the Code.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), (2), is div. J of Pub. L. 113–235, Dec. 16, 1214, 128 Stat. 2573, known as the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2015. For complete classification of div. J to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2015, and also as part of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2015—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 114–113, §7034(q)(3)(A), substituted "Awards" for "Grants".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–113, §7034(q)(3)(B)–(D), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 114–113, §7034(q)(3)(E), substituted "20" for "12" and "administrative expenses, and other necessary support associated with managing and strengthening" for "administrative and oversight expenses associated with managing".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Renaming of Small Grants Program as Local Works

Pub. L. 115–141, div. K, title VII, §7034(p)(1), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 897, provided that: "The 'Small Grants Program' established pursuant to section 7080 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2015 (division J of Public Law 113–235) [22 U.S.C. 2152i] shall hereafter be referred to as 'Local Works'."

Definition of "Eligible Entities"

Pub. L. 118–47, div. F, title VII, §7034(n)(2), Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 792, provided that: "For the purposes of section 7080 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2015 (division J of Public Law 113–235) [22 U.S.C. 2152i], 'eligible entities' shall be defined as small local, international, and United States-based nongovernmental organizations, educational institutions, and other small entities that have received less than a total of $5,000,000 from USAID [United States Agency for International Development] over the previous 5 fiscal years: Provided, That departments or centers of such educational institutions may be considered individually in determining such eligibility."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 117–328, div. K, title VII, §7034(p)(2), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5035.

Pub. L. 117–103, div. K, title VII, §7034(p)(2), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 625.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. K, title VII, §7034(p)(2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1753.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. G, title VII, §7034(p)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2875.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. F, title VII, §7034(q)(2), Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 329.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. K, title VII, §7034(p)(3), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 898.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. J, title VII, §7034(p)(2), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 653.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. K, title VII, §7034(q)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2768.

Definition of "USAID"

Pub. L. 118–47, div. F, title VII, §7034(s)(7), Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 794, provided that: "In this Act [div. F of Pub. L. 118–47, 138 Stat. 729, see Tables for classification], the term 'USAID' means the United States Agency for International Development."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 117–328, div. K, title VII, §7034(s)(6), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5036.

[Pub. L. 117–103, div. K, title VII, §7034(t)(6), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 627, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.]

Pub. L. 116–260, div. K, title VII, §7034(q)(6), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1754.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. G, title VII, §7034(r)(5), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2876.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. F, title VII, §7034(r)(5), Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 330.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. K, title VII, §7034(r)(5), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 898.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. J, title VII, §7034(r)(5), May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 654.

Definition of "Appropriate Congressional Committees"

Pub. L. 113–235, div. J, title VII, §7034(t)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2627, provided that: "Unless otherwise defined in this Act [div. J of Pub. L. 113–235, 128 Stat. 2573, see Tables for classification], for purposes of this Act the term 'appropriate congressional committees' shall mean the Committees on Appropriations and Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Appropriations and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives."
22 U.S.C. § 2364 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2364: Special authorities
Special authorities
Status: in_force

(a) Furnishing of assistance and arms export sales, credits, and guaranties upon determination and notification of Congress of importance and vitality of such action to security interests and national security interests of United States; policy justification; fiscal year limitations; transfers between accounts

(1) The President may authorize the furnishing of assistance under this chapter without regard to any provision of this chapter, the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], any law relating to receipts and credits accruing to the United States, and any Act authorizing or appropriating funds for use under this chapter, in furtherance of any of the purposes of this chapter, when the President determines, and so notifies in writing the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, that to do so is important to the security interests of the United States.

(2) The President may make sales, extend credit, and issue guaranties under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], without regard to any provision of this chapter, the Arms Export Control Act, any law relating to receipts and credits accruing to the United States, and any Act authorizing or appropriating funds for use under the Arms Export Control Act, in furtherance of any of the purposes of such Act, when the President determines, and so notifies in writing the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, that to do so is vital to the national security interests of the United States.

(3) Before exercising the authority granted in this subsection, the President shall consult with, and shall provide a written policy justification to, the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

(4)(A) The authority of this subsection may not be used in any fiscal year to authorize—

(i) more than $750,000,000 in sales to be made under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.];

(ii) the use of more than $250,000,000 of funds made available for use under this chapter or the Arms Export Control Act; and

(iii) the use of more than $100,000,000 of foreign currencies accruing under this chapter or any other law.

(B) If the authority of this subsection is used both to authorize a sale under the Arms Export Control Act and to authorize funds to be used under the Arms Export Control Act or under this chapter with respect to the financing of that sale, then the use of the funds shall be counted against the limitation in subparagraph (A)(ii) and the portion, if any, of the sale which is not so financed shall be counted against the limitation in subparagraph (A)(i).

(C) Not more than $50,000,000 of the $250,000,000 limitation provided in subparagraph (A)(ii) may be allocated to any one country in any fiscal year unless that country is a victim of active aggression, and not more than $500,000,000 of the aggregate limitation of $1,000,000,000 provided in subparagraphs (A)(i) and (A)(ii) may be allocated to any one country in any fiscal year.

(5) The authority of this section may not be used to waive the limitations on transfers contained in section 2360(a) of this title.

(b) United States obligations in West Germany

Whenever the President determines it to be important to the national interest, he may use funds available for the purposes of part IV of subchapter I of this chapter in order to meet the responsibilities or objectives of the United States in Germany, including West Berlin, and without regard to such provisions of law as he determines should be disregarded to achieve this purpose.

(c) Certification by President of inadvisability to specify nature of use of funds; reports to Congress

The President is authorized to use amounts not to exceed $50,000,000 of the funds made available under this chapter pursuant to his certification that it is inadvisable to specify the nature of the use of such funds, which certification shall be deemed to be a sufficient voucher for such amounts. The President shall fully inform the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of each use of funds under this subsection prior to the use of such funds.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §614, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 444; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. III, §301(f), (g), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. III, §301(e), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 93–559, §19(b), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1800; Pub. L. 96–533, title I, §117(a), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3140; Pub. L. 99–83, title I, §128, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 206; Pub. L. 101–222, §8, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1899; Pub. L. 103–199, title VII, §705(2), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2328.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2), (4)(A), (B), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103–199 struck out "Communist or Communist-supported" after "victim of active".

1989—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–222 amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "The President shall promptly and fully inform the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of each use of funds under this subsection."

1985—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 99–83 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), added cl. (i) and designations "(ii)" and "(iii)", struck out fiscal year limitation for any one country, and added subpars. (B) and (C).

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–533, in revising subsec. (a), incorporated part of existing first sentence in provisions designated par. (1), inserted reference to Arms Export Control Act, struck out reference to Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951, required notification of the Speaker of the House and chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, and substituted "security interests" for "security"; inserted pars. (2) and (3); incorporated part of existing first sentence, second sentence, and substance of third sentence in provisions designated par. (4) and inserted reference to the Arms Export Control Act; and designated fourth sentence as par. (5) and substituted therein "may not" for "shall not".

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–559 provided that the authority of the section shall not be used to waive the limitations on transfers contained in section 2360(a) of this title.

1967—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–137 substituted "506" for "510", classified to the Code as section 2318 of this title.

1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–583, §301(f), provided that the $50,000,000 limitation on allocation of funds to any country in any one fiscal year shall not apply to any country which is a victim of active Communist or Communist-supported aggression.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–583, §301(g), inserted provision for reports to Congress of use of funds under this subsec.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Part IV of Subchapter I Deemed References to Part IV of Subchapter II

Part IV of subchapter I (§2241 et seq.) of this chapter has been repealed. References to part IV of subchapter I, or any sections thereof, are deemed references to part IV of subchapter II (§2346 et seq.) of this chapter, or to appropriate sections thereof. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.