26 U.S.C. § 6091 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6091: Place for filing returns or other documents
Place for filing returns or other documents
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

When not otherwise provided for by this title, the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe the place for the filing of any return, declaration, statement, or other document, or copies thereof, required by this title or by regulations.

(b) Tax returns

In the case of returns of tax required under authority of part II of this subchapter—

(1) Persons other than corporations

(A) General rule

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a return (other than a corporation return) shall be made to the Secretary—

(i) in the internal revenue district in which is located the legal residence or principal place of business of the person making the return, or

(ii) at a service center serving the internal revenue district referred to in clause (i),

as the Secretary may by regulations designate.

(B) Exception

Returns of—

(i) persons who have no legal residence or principal place of business in any internal revenue district,

(ii) citizens of the United States whose principal place of abode for the period with respect to which the return is filed is outside the United States,

(iii) persons who claim the benefits of section 911 (relating to citizens or residents of the United States living abroad), section 931 (relating to income from sources within Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands), or section 933 (relating to income from sources within Puerto Rico),

(iv) nonresident alien persons, and

(v) persons with respect to whom an assessment was made under section 6851(a) or 6852(a) (relating to termination assessments) with respect to the taxable year,

shall be made at such place as the Secretary may by regulations designate.

(2) Corporations

(A) General rule

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a return of a corporation shall be made to the Secretary—

(i) in the internal revenue district in which is located the principal place of business or principal office or agency of the corporation, or

(ii) at a service center serving the internal revenue district referred to in clause (i), as the Secretary may by regulations designate.

(B) Exception

Returns of—

(i) corporations which have no principal place of business or principal office or agency in any internal revenue district,

(ii) foreign corporations, and

(iii) corporations with respect to which an assessment was made under section 6851(a) (relating to termination assessments) with respect to the taxable year,

shall be made at such place as the Secretary may by regulations designate.

(3) Estate tax returns

(A) General rule

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), returns of estate tax required under section 6018 shall be made to the Secretary—

(i) in the internal revenue district in which was the domicile of the decedent at the time of his death, or

(ii) at a service center serving the internal revenue district referred to in clause (i), as the Secretary may by regulations designate.

(B) Exception

If the domicile of the decedent was not in an internal revenue district, or if he had no domicile, the estate tax return required under section 6018 shall be made at such place as the Secretary may by regulations designate.

(4) Hand-carried returns

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), (2), or (3), a return to which paragraph (1)(A), (2)(A), or (3)(A) would apply, but for this paragraph, which is made to the Secretary by handcarrying shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be made in the internal revenue district referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i), (2)(A)(i), or (3)(A)(i), as the case may be.

(5) Exceptional cases

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of this subsection, the Secretary may permit a return to be filed in any internal revenue district, and may require the return of any officer or employee of the Treasury Department to be filed in any internal revenue district selected by the Secretary.

(6) Alcohol, tobacco, and firearms returns, etc.

In the case of any return of tax imposed by section 4181 or subtitle E (relating to taxes on alcohol, tobacco, and firearms), subsection (a) shall apply (and this subsection shall not apply).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 752; Pub. L. 89–713, §1(a), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 91–614, title I, §101(i), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1838; Pub. L. 94–455, title X, §§1051(h)(4), 1052(c)(6), 1053(d)(4), title XII, §1204(c)(3), title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1647, 1648, 1649, 1697, 1834; Pub. L. 95–615, §§202(g)(5), formerly §202(f)(5), 207(b), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3100, 3108, renumbered §202(g)(5), Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §108(a)(1)(A), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 97–34, title I, §§111(b)(3), 112(b)(6), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 194, 195; Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, §1272(d)(10), title XVIII, §1879(r)(1), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2594, 2912; Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10713(b)(2)(A), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–470; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7841(f), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2429; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, §401(a)(266), (d)(1)(D)(xviii), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1197, 1208.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 115–141, §401(d)(1)(D)(xviii), redesignated cl. (iii) as (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "corporations which claim the benefits of section 936 (relating to possession tax credit),".

Pub. L. 115–141, §401(a)(266), struck out "and" after "credit),".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(iii), (iv). Pub. L. 115–141, §401(d)(1)(D)(xviii), redesignated cl. (iv) as (iii). Former cl. (iii) redesignated (ii).

1989—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 101–239 inserted "section 4181 or" before "subtitle E".

1987—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(v). Pub. L. 100–203 inserted reference to section 6852(a).

1986—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 99–514, §1272(d)(10), substituted "Guam, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands" for "possessions of the United States".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 99–514, §1879(r)(1), added par. (6).

1981—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 97–34 substituted "section 911 (relating to citizens or residents of the United States living abroad)" for "section 911 (relating to income earned by employees in certain camps)" and struck out "section 913 (relating to deduction for certain expenses of living abroad)".

1978—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 95–615 substituted "(relating to income earned by employees in certain camps)" for "(relating to earned income from sources without the United States)" and inserted "section 913 (relating to deduction for certain expenses of living abroad)," before "section 931".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455, §1906(b)(13)(A), struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, §§1204(c)(3)(A), 1906(b)(13)(A), added cl. (v) and struck out in provision following cl. (v) "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 94–455, §1503(d)(4), in cl. (ii), struck out provision which permitted returns of a corporation claiming the benefits of section 941 of this title, relating to the special deduction for China Trade corporations, to be made at such place as the Secretary may designate by regulation.

Pub. L. 94–455, §§1052(c)(6), struck out provision which permitted returns of a corporation claiming the benefits of section 922 of this title, relating to the special deduction for Western Hemisphere trade corporations to be made at such place as the Secretary may designate by regulation.

Pub. L. 94–455, §§1051(h)(4), 1204(c)(3)(B), 1906(b)(13)(A), substituted "section 936 (relating to possession tax credit)" for "section 931 (relating to income from sources within possessions of the United States)," for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, added cl. (iv), and struck out in provision following cl. (iv) "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

1970—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 91–614, §101(i)(1), substituted provisions requiring an estate tax return to be filed in the internal revenue district in which the decedent was domiciled at the time of his death or at a service center serving that district, as the Secretary or his delegate may determine by regulations, and in the case of a decedent who was not domiciled in an internal revenue district, or who had no domicile, his return is to be filed at such place as the Secretary or his delegate designates for provisions requiring estate tax returns to be filed in the internal revenue district in which the decedent was domiciled at the time of his death or, if there was no such domicile in an internal revenue district, then at such place as the Secretary or his delegate by regulations designates.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 91–614, §101(i)(2), permitted the executor, who desires to file an estate tax return in person, to do so by hand carrying it to the appropriate internal revenue district office.

1966—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 89–713, §1(a)(1), authorized the Secretary to promulgate regulations allowing individuals to file tax returns either in the internal revenue district in which the taxpayer's legal residence or principal place of business is located or at a service center serving that district, designated as subpar. (B)(1) the existing provisions which authorized the Secretary to prescribe the place without limitations as to the Secretary's range of alternative choices for the filing of returns of persons who have no legal residence or principal place of business in any internal revenue district, and added subpar. (B)(ii) to (iv).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 89–713, §1(a)(1), authorized the Secretary to promulgate regulations allowing corporations to file tax returns either in the internal revenue district in which is located the principal place of business or principal office or agency of the corporation or at a service center serving that district, designated as subpar. (B)(i) the existing provisions which authorized the Secretary to prescribe the place without limitations as to the Secretary's range of alternative choices for the filing of returns of corporations having no principal place of business or principal office or agency of the corporation, and added subpar. (B)(ii), (iii).

Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 89–713, §1(a)(2), (3), added par. (4), redesignated former par. (4) as (5), and, in par. (5), substituted "paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4)" for "paragraph (1), (2), or (3)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10713(c), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–470, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting sections 6852 and 7409 of this title and amending this section and sections 6211 to 6213, 6863, 7429, and 7611 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987]."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by section 1272(d)(10) of Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 1277 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 931 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–514, title XVIII, §1879(r)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2912, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar month which begins more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986]."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–34 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1981, see section 115 of Pub. L. 97–34, set out as a note under section 911 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment; Election of Prior Law

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–615 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1977, with provision for election of prior law, see section 209 of Pub. L. 95–615, set out as a note under section 911 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by section 1051(h)(4) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 1051(i)(1) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 27 of this title.

Amendment by section 1052(c)(6) of Pub. L. 94–455, applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1979, see section 1052(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.

Amendment by section 1053(d)(4) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1977, see section 1053(e) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 1504 of this title.

Amendment by section 1204(c)(3) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to action taken under section 6851, 6861, or 6862 of this title where notice and demand takes place after Feb. 28, 1977, see section 1204(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, as amended, set out as a note under section 6851 of this title.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–614 applicable with respect to decedents dying after Dec. 31, 1970, see section 101(j) of Pub. L. 91–614, set out as a note under section 2032 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–713, §6, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1111, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by this Act [amending this section, sections 6103, 6107, and 6151 of this title, section 3237 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 1395x of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 1966]."

Savings Provision

For provisions that nothing in amendment by section 401(d)(1)(D)(xviii) of Pub. L. 115–141 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Mar. 23, 2018, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Mar. 23, 2018, see section 401(e) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 23 of this title.

Plan Amendments Not Required Until January 1, 1989

For provisions directing that if any amendments made by subtitle A or subtitle C of title XI [§§1101–1147 and 1171–1177] or title XVIII [§§1800–1899A] of Pub. L. 99–514 require an amendment to any plan, such plan amendment shall not be required to be made before the first plan year beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1140 of Pub. L. 99–514, as amended, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6339 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 64 / Subchapter D / Section 6339: Legal effect of certificate of sale of personal property and deed of real property
Legal effect of certificate of sale of personal property and deed of real property
Status: in_force

(a) Certificate of sale of property other than real property

In all cases of sale pursuant to section 6335 of property (other than real property), the certificate of such sale—

(1) As evidence

Shall be prima facie evidence of the right of the officer to make such sale, and conclusive evidence of the regularity of his proceedings in making the sale; and

(2) As conveyances

Shall transfer to the purchaser all right, title, and interest of the party delinquent in and to the property sold; and

(3) As authority for transfer of corporate stock

If such property consists of stocks, shall be notice, when received, to any corporation, company, or association of such transfer, and shall be authority to such corporation, company, or association to record the transfer on its books and records in the same manner as if the stocks were transferred or assigned by the party holding the same, in lieu of any original or prior certificate, which shall be void, whether canceled or not; and

(4) As receipts

If the subject of sale is securities or other evidences of debt, shall be a good and valid receipt to the person holding the same, as against any person holding or claiming to hold possession of such securities or other evidences of debt; and

(5) As authority for transfer of title to motor vehicle

If such property consists of a motor vehicle, shall be notice, when received, to any public official charged with the registration of title to motor vehicles, of such transfer and shall be authority to such official to record the transfer on his books and records in the same manner as if the certificate of title to such motor vehicle were transferred or assigned by the party holding the same, in lieu of any original or prior certificate, which shall be void, whether canceled or not.

(b) Deed of real property

In the case of the sale of real property pursuant to section 6335—

(1) Deed as evidence

The deed of sale given pursuant to section 6338 shall be prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated; and

(2) Deed as conveyance of title

If the proceedings of the Secretary as set forth have been substantially in accordance with the provisions of law, such deed shall be considered and operate as a conveyance of all the right, title, and interest the party delinquent had in and to the real property thus sold at the time the lien of the United States attached thereto.

(c) Effect of junior encumbrances

A certificate of sale of personal property given or a deed to real property executed pursuant to section 6338 shall discharge such property from all liens, encumbrances, and titles over which the lien of the United States with respect to which the levy was made had priority.

(d) Cross references

(1) For distribution of surplus proceeds, see section 6342(b).

(2) For judicial procedure with respect to surplus proceeds, see section 7426(a)(2).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 788; Pub. L. 85–866, title I, §79, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1662; Pub. L. 89–719, title I, §104(g), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".

1966—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 89–719 added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1958—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 85–866 substituted "as" for "of" after "Deed" in heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–719 applicable after Nov. 2, 1966, regardless of when title or lien of United States arose or when lien or interest of another person was acquired, with certain exceptions, see section 114(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 89–719, set out as a note under section 6323 of this title.

Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–866 effective Aug. 17, 1954, see section 1(c)(2) of Pub. L. 85–866, set out as a note under section 165 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5553 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Subchapter I / Section 5553: Supervision of premises and operations
Supervision of premises and operations
Status: in_force

(a) Assignment of internal revenue officers

The Secretary is authorized to assign to any premises established under the provisions of this chapter such number of internal revenue officers as may be deemed necessary.

(b) Functions of internal revenue officer

When used in this chapter, the term "internal revenue officer assigned to the premises" means the internal revenue officer assigned by the Secretary to duties at premises established and operated under the provisions of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1395; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5553, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 681, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

For application to vinegar plants of provisions of prior section 5553(a) relating to assignment of storekeeper-gaugers, see also section 5505(f) of this title.

Amendments

1976—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.
26 U.S.C. § 122 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 122: Certain reduced uniformed services retirement pay
Certain reduced uniformed services retirement pay
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

In the case of a member or former member of the uniformed services of the United States, gross income does not include the amount of any reduction in his retired or retainer pay pursuant to the provisions of chapter 73 of title 10, United States Code.

(b) Special rule

(1) Amount excluded from gross income

In the case of any individual referred to in subsection (a), all amounts received as retired or retainer pay shall be excluded from gross income until there has been so excluded an amount equal to the consideration for the contract. The preceding sentence shall apply only to the extent that the amounts received would, but for such sentence, be includible in gross income.

(2) Consideration for the contract

For purposes of paragraph (1) and section 72(n), the term "consideration for the contract" means, in respect of any individual, the sum of—

(A) the total amount of the reductions before January 1, 1966, in his retired or retainer pay by reason of an election under chapter 73 of title 10 of the United States Code, and

(B) any amounts deposited at any time by him pursuant to section 1438 or 1452(d) of such title 10.

(Added Pub. L. 89–365, §1(a)(1), Mar. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 32; amended Pub. L. 93–406, title II, §§2005(c)(10), 2007(a), (b)(1), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 992, 994; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(a)(21), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4040.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 122 was renumbered section 140 of this title.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–295 struck out "after December 31, 1965," after "all amounts received".

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–406, §2007(a), substituted "United States, gross income does not include the amount of any reduction in his retired or retainer pay pursuant to the provisions of chapter 73 of title 10, United States Code" for "United States who has made an election under chapter 73 of title 10 of the United States Code to receive a reduced amount of retired or retainer pay, gross income does not include the amount of any reduction after December 31, 1965, in his retired or retainer pay by reason of such election".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–406, §2005(c)(10), substituted "72(n)" for "72(o)".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 93–406, §2007(b)(1), inserted reference to section 1452(d) of title 10.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment by section 2005(c)(10) of Pub. L. 93–406 applicable only with respect to distributions or payments made after Dec. 31, 1973, in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1973, see section 2005(d) of Pub. L. 93–406, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Pub. L. 93–406, title II, §2007(c), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 993, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 72, 101, and 2039 of this title] apply to taxable years ending on or after September 21, 1972. The amendments made by paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (b) [amending sections 101 and 2039 of this title] apply with respect to individuals dying on or after such date".

Effective Date

Pub. L. 89–365, §1(d), Mar. 10, 1966, 80 Stat. 33, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [enacting this section and amending section 72 of this title] shall apply with respect to taxable years ending after December 31, 1965. The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending section 101 of this title] shall apply with respect to individuals making an election under chapter 73 of title 10 of the United States Code who die after December 31, 1965."
26 U.S.C. § 4701 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 39 / Section 4701: Tax on issuer of registration-required obligation not in registered form
Tax on issuer of registration-required obligation not in registered form
Status: in_force

(a) Imposition of tax

In the case of any person who issues a registration-required obligation which is not in registered form, there is hereby imposed on such person on the issuance of such obligation a tax in an amount equal to the product of—

(1) 1 percent of the principal amount of such obligation, multiplied by

(2) the number of calendar years (or portions thereof) during the period beginning on the date of issuance of such obligation and ending on the date of maturity.

(b) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Registration-required obligation

(A) In general

The term "registration-required obligation" has the same meaning as when used in section 163(f), except that such term shall not include any obligation which—

(i) is required to be registered under section 149(a), or

(ii) is described in subparagraph (B).

(B) Certain obligations not included

An obligation is described in this subparagraph if—

(i) there are arrangements reasonably designed to ensure that such obligation will be sold (or resold in connection with the original issue) only to a person who is not a United States person,

(ii) interest on such obligation is payable only outside the United States and its possessions, and

(iii) on the face of such obligation there is a statement that any United States person who holds such obligation will be subject to limitations under the United States income tax laws.

(2) Registered form

The term "registered form" has the same meaning as when used in section 163(f).

(Added Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §310(b)(4)(A), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 598; amended Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, §1301(j)(5), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2657; Pub. L. 111–147, title V, §502(e), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 108.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–147 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'registration-required obligation' has the same meaning as when used in section 163(f), except that such term shall not include any obligation required to be registered under section 149(a)."

1986—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "section 149(a)" for "section 103(j)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–147 applicable to obligations issued after the date which is 2 years after Mar. 18, 2010, see section 502(f) of Pub. L. 111–147, set out as a note under section 149 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to bonds issued after Aug. 15, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see sections 1311 to 1318 of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under section 141 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to obligations issued after Dec. 31, 1982, with an exception for certain warrants, see section 310(d)(1), (3) of Pub. L. 97–248, set out as an Effective Date of 1982 Amendment note under section 103 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6050D (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6050D: Returns relating to energy grants and financing
Returns relating to energy grants and financing
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Every person who administers a Federal, State, or local program a principal purpose of which is to provide subsidized financing or grants for projects to conserve or produce energy shall, to the extent required under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, make a return setting forth the name and address of each taxpayer receiving financing or a grant under such program and the aggregate amount so received by such individual.

(b) Definition of person

For purposes of this section, the term "person" means the officer or employee having control of the program, or the person appropriately designated for purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 96–223, title II, §203(b)(1), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 259.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 96–223, title II, §203(c), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 259, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 23 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1980, but only with respect to financing or grants made after such date."
26 U.S.C. § 5132 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5132: Prohibited purchases by dealers
Prohibited purchases by dealers
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Except as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, it shall be unlawful for a dealer to purchase distilled spirits for resale from any person other than a wholesale dealer in liquors who is required to keep the records prescribed by section 5121.

(b) Limited retail dealers

A limited retail dealer may lawfully purchase distilled spirits for resale from a retail dealer in liquors.

(c) Penalty and forfeiture

For penalty and forfeiture provisions applicable to violations of subsection (a), see sections 5687 and 7302.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, §11125(b)(12), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1956.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5132 was renumbered section 5112 of this title.

Another prior section 5132, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 623, related to registration and regulation of persons claiming drawback, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5133 was renumbered section 5113 of this title.

Another prior section 5133, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 623, related to investigation of claims, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5134 was renumbered section 5114 of this title.

Another prior section 5134, acts Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 623; Mar. 30, 1955, ch. 18, §3(b)(2), 69 Stat. 15; Mar. 29, 1956, ch. 115, §3(b)(2), 70 Stat. 67; Mar. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–12, §3(b)(2), 71 Stat. 10; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–475, §3(b)(2), 72 Stat. 259, related to drawbacks, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5141, added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1346, related to registration, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, §11125(a)(1)(E), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1953, 1957, effective July 1, 2008, but inapplicable to taxes imposed for periods before such date.

Another prior section 5141, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 624, related to registration, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5142 was renumbered section 5732 of this title.

Another prior section 5142, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 624, related to payment of tax, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5143 was renumbered section 5733 of this title.

Another prior section 5143, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 624, related to time for filing returns and cross-referred to penalty provisions for failure to file returns or for making false or fraudulent returns, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5144, added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1348, authorized and directed Secretary or his delegate to procure the necessary stamps for payment of special taxes and to make needful regulations relative thereto, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1905(b)(3)(D)(i), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1822.

Another prior section 5144, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 624, related to liability for occupational taxes, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5145 was renumbered section 5734 of this title.

Another prior section 5145, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 625, related to "supply of stamps", prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5146 was renumbered section 5123 of this title.

Another prior section 5146, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 625, contained cross references to provisions respecting posting stamp in place of business, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5147, added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1348, related to application of former subpart G, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, §11125(a)(1)(E), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1953, 1957, effective July 1, 2008, but inapplicable to taxes imposed for periods before such date.

Another prior section 5147, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 626, made a cross reference to provision respecting keeping of list of special taxpayers for public inspection, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5148, added Pub. L. 108–357, title II, §246(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1448, related to suspension of occupational tax, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, §11125(a)(1)(E), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1953, 1957, effective July 1, 2008, but inapplicable to taxes imposed for periods before such date.

Another prior section 5148 was renumbered section 5149 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59.

Another prior section 5148, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 626, related to "Application of State laws", prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

A prior section 5149, added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1348, §5148; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1905(b)(3)(E), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1822; renumbered §5149, Pub. L. 108–357, title II, §246(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1448, contained cross references to provisions imposing penalties, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title XI, §11125(a)(1)(E), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1953, 1957, effective July 1, 2008, but inapplicable to taxes imposed for periods before such date.

Another prior section 5149, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 626, related to "Application of subpart", prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 2008, but inapplicable to taxes imposed for periods before such date, see section 11125(c) of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as an Effective Date of 2005 Amendment note under section 5002 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 4962 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 42 / Section 4962: Abatement of first tier taxes in certain cases
Abatement of first tier taxes in certain cases
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

If it is established to the satisfaction of the Secretary that—

(1) a taxable event was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and

(2) such event was corrected within the correction period for such event,

then any qualified first tier tax imposed with respect to such event (including interest) shall not be assessed and, if assessed, the assessment shall be abated and, if collected, shall be credited or refunded as an overpayment.

(b) Qualified first tier tax

For purposes of this section, the term "qualified first tier tax" means any first tier tax imposed by subchapter A, C, D, or G of this chapter, except that such term shall not include the tax imposed by section 4941(a) (relating to initial tax on self-dealing).

(c) Special rule for tax on political expenditures of section 501(c)(3) organizations

In the case of the tax imposed by section 4955(a), subsection (a)(1) shall be applied by substituting "not willful and flagrant" for "due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect".

(Added Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title III, §305(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 783; amended Pub. L. 100–203, title X, §10712(b)(1), (2), (4), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–467; Pub. L. 105–34, title XVI, §1603(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 110–172, §3(h), Dec. 29, 2007, 121 Stat. 2475.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4962 was renumbered section 4963 of this title.

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–172 substituted "D, or G" for "or D".

1997—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted "subchapter A, C, or D" for "subchapter A or C".

1987—Pub. L. 100–203, §10712(b)(4), struck out "private foundation" before "first tier taxes" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–203, §10712(b)(2), substituted "any qualified first tier tax" for "any private foundation first tier tax" in closing provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–203, §10712(b)(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) "Private foundation first tier tax" which read as follows: "For purposes of this section, the term 'private foundation first tier tax' means any first tier tax imposed by subchapter A of chapter 42, except that such term shall not include the tax imposed by section 4941(a) (relating to initial tax on self-dealing)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–203, §10712(b)(1), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–172 effective as if included in the provisions of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–280, to which such amendment relates, see section 3(j) of Pub. L. 110–172, set out as a note under section 170 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–34, title XVI, §1603(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1097, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6033 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2 [Pub. L. 104–168] to which such amendments relate."

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–203 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 22, 1987, see section 10712(d) of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4955 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title III, §305(c), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 784, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section, redesignating former section 4962 as 4963, and amending sections 4942, 6213, and 6503 of this title] shall apply to taxable events occurring after December 31, 1984."
26 U.S.C. § 989 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 989: Other definitions and special rules
Other definitions and special rules
Status: in_force

(a) Qualified business unit

For purposes of this subpart, the term "qualified business unit" means any separate and clearly identified unit of a trade or business of a taxpayer which maintains separate books and records.

(b) Appropriate exchange rate

Except as provided in regulations, for purposes of this subpart, the term "appropriate exchange rate" means—

(1) in the case of an actual distribution of earnings and profits, the spot rate on the date such distribution is included in income,

(2) in the case of an actual or deemed sale or exchange of stock in a foreign corporation treated as a dividend under section 1248, the spot rate on the date the deemed dividend is included in income,

(3) in the case of any amounts included in income under section 951(a)(1)(A) or 1293(a), the average exchange rate for the taxable year of the foreign corporation, or

(4) in the case of any other qualified business unit of a taxpayer, the average exchange rate for the taxable year of such qualified business unit.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, any amount included in income under section 951(a)(1)(B) shall be treated as an actual distribution made on the last day of the taxable year for which such amount was so included.

(c) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subpart, including regulations—

(1) setting forth procedures to be followed by taxpayers with qualified business units using a net worth method of accounting before the enactment of this subpart,

(2) limiting the recognition of foreign currency loss on certain remittances from qualified business units,

(3) providing for the recharacterization of interest and principal payments with respect to obligations denominated in certain hyperinflationary currencies,

(4) providing for alternative adjustments to the application of section 905(c),

(5) providing for the appropriate treatment of related party transactions (including transactions between qualified business units of the same taxpayer), and

(6) setting forth procedures for determining the average exchange rate for any period.

(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, §1261(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2590; amended Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1012(v)(5), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3529; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13231(c)(4)(C), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1501(b)(9), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1826; Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, §1102(b)(2), (3), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 966; Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, §413(c)(17), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1508.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The enactment of this subpart, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 99–514, which was approved Oct. 22, 1986.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108–357 struck out ", 551(a)," after "section 951(a)(1)(A)".

1997—Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105–34, §1102(b)(3), struck out "weighted" before "average exchange rate".

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 105–34, §1102(b)(2), added par. (6).

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–188 substituted "section 951(a)(1)(B)" for "subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 951(a)(1)" in closing provisions.

1993—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–66 substituted "subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 951(a)(1)" for "section 951(a)(1)(B)" in last sentence.

1988—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–647 substituted in par. (3) "section 951(a)(1)(A)" for "section 951(a)" and inserted at end "For purposes of the preceding sentence, any amount included in income under section 951(a)(1)(B) shall be treated as an actual distribution made on the last day of the taxable year for which such amount was so included."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to taxes paid or accrued in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, see section 1102(c)(1) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 986 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–188 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 1996, and to taxable years of United States shareholders within which or with which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 1501(d) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 904 of this title.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Sept. 30, 1993, and to taxable years of United States shareholders in which or with which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 13231(e) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 951 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, with certain exceptions and qualifications, see section 1261(e) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 985 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5056 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5056: Refund and credit of tax, or relief from liability
Refund and credit of tax, or relief from liability
Status: in_force

(a) Beer returned or voluntarily destroyed

Any tax paid by any brewer on beer removed for consumption or sale may be refunded or credited to the brewer, without interest, or if the tax has not been paid, the brewer may be relieved of liability therefor, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, if such beer is returned to any brewery of the brewer or is destroyed under the supervision required by such regulations. In determining the amount of tax due on beer removed on any day, the quantity of beer returned to the same brewery from which removed shall be allowed, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, as an offset against or deduction from the total quantity of beer removed from that brewery on the day of such return.

(b) Beer lost by fire, theft, casualty, or act of God

Subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the tax paid by any brewer on beer removed for consumption or sale may be refunded or credited to the brewer, without interest, or if the tax has not been paid, the brewer may be relieved of liability therefor, if such beer is lost, whether by theft or otherwise, or is destroyed or otherwise rendered unmerchantable by fire, casualty, or act of God before the transfer of title thereto to any other person. In any case in which beer is lost or destroyed, whether by theft or otherwise, the Secretary may require the brewer to file a claim for relief from the tax and submit proof as to the cause of such loss. In every case where it appears that the loss was by theft, the first sentence shall not apply unless the brewer establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such theft occurred before removal from the brewery and occurred without connivance, collusion, fraud, or negligence on the part of the brewer, consignor, consignee, bailee, or carrier, or the employees or agents of any of them.

(c) Beer received at a distilled spirits plant

Any tax paid by any brewer on beer removed for consumption or sale may be refunded or credited to the brewer, without interest, or if the tax has not been paid, the brewer may be relieved of liability therefor, under regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, if such beer is received on the bonded premises of a distilled spirits plant pursuant to the provisions of section 5222(b)(2), for use in the production of distilled spirits.

(d) Limitations

No claim under this section shall be allowed (1) unless filed within 6 months after the date of the return, loss, destruction, rendering unmerchantable, or receipt on the bonded premises of a distilled spirits plant or (2) if the claimant was indemnified by insurance or otherwise in respect of the tax.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1335; amended Pub. L. 91–673, §1(a), Jan. 12, 1971, 84 Stat. 2056; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, §1414(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1047; Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6014(a)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 820.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5056, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 613, related to "drawback of tax" prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859. See section 5055 of this title.

A prior section 5057, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 613, related to refund and credit of tax or relief from liability, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

1998—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 105–206 substituted "removed for consumption or sale" for "produced in the United States".

1997—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–34, §1414(c)(1), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–34 redesignated subsec. (c) as (d) and substituted "rendering unmerchantable, or receipt on the bonded premises of a distilled spirits plant" for "or rendering unmerchantable".

1976—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.

1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–673 inserted provision permitting credit or refund of tax if the beer is returned to any brewery of the brewer who paid the tax, and provided for offset or deduction against amount of beer removed from the brewery on the day of return if the beer is returned to the same brewery from which it was withdrawn.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–673 inserted provisions for credit or refund or relief from liability of tax when the beer is lost by theft or otherwise or rendered unmerchantable by fire, casualty or act of God, before the transfer of title to any other party, and required the brewer to file claim for relief from the tax and submit proof of the cause of the loss, and in the case of theft, to further prove that such theft occurred before removal from the brewery and without connivance, collusion, fraud, or negligence on the part of the brewer, consignor, consignee, bailee, or carrier, or the employees or agents of any of them.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–673 substantially reenacted subsec. (c) to reflect changes in subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 effective on the 1st day of the 1st calendar quarter that begins at least 180 days after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 1414(d) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 5053 of this title.

Effective Date of 1971 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–673, §5, Jan. 12, 1971, 84 Stat. 2058, provided that: "The amendments made by the first four sections of this Act [enacting section 5417 of this title and amending this section and sections 5052, 5053, 5401, 5402, 5411, 5412, and 5416 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar month which begins more than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 12, 1971]."
26 U.S.C. § 7475 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 76 / Subchapter C / Section 7475: Practice fee
Practice fee
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Tax Court is authorized to impose a periodic registration fee on practitioners admitted to practice before such Court. The frequency and amount of such fee shall be determined by the Tax Court, except that such amount may not exceed $30 per year.

(b) Use of fees

The fees described in subsection (a) shall be available to the Tax Court to employ independent counsel to pursue disciplinary matters and to provide services to pro se taxpayers.

(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title XV, §1553(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2754; amended Pub. L. 109–280, title VIII, §860(a), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1020.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–280 inserted "and to provide services to pro se taxpayers" before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–280, title VIII, §860(b), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1020, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 2006]."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 99–514, title XV, §1553(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2754, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 7472 and 7473 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1987."
26 U.S.C. § 3321 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 23A / Section 3321: Imposition of tax
Imposition of tax
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

There is hereby imposed on every rail employer for each calendar month an excise tax, with respect to having individuals in his employ, equal to 4 percent of the total rail wages paid by him during such month.

(b) Tax on employee representatives

(1) In general

There is hereby imposed on the income of each employee representative a tax equal to 4 percent of the rail wages paid to him during the calendar month.

(2) Determination of wages

The rail wages of an employee representative for purposes of paragraph (1) shall be determined in the same manner and with the same effect as if the employee organization by which such employee representative is employed were a rail employer.

(c) Termination if loans to railroad unemployment fund repaid

The tax imposed by this section shall not apply to rail wages paid on or after the 1st day of any calendar month if, as of such 1st day, there is—

(1) no balance of transfers made before October 1, 1985, to the railroad unemployment insurance account under section 10(d) of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, and

(2) no unpaid interest on such transfers.

(Added Pub. L. 98–76, title II, §231(a), Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 426; amended Pub. L. 99–272, title XIII, §13301(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 325; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1018(u)(17), title VIII, §7106(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3590, 3772.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 10(d) of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is classified to section 360(d) of Title 45, Railroads.

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–647, §7106(a), amended section generally, revising and restating provisions of subsecs. (a) and (b) and specifying imposition of 4 percent tax on rail wages rather than a tax based on the "applicable percentage" of rail wages, and in subsec. (c) substituting provisions relating to termination if loans to railroad unemployment fund repaid for provisions relating to rates of tax.

Pub. L. 100–647, §1018(u)(17), added a period at end of par. (4).

1986—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–272 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment subsec. (c) read as follows:

"(c) Rate of Tax.—For purposes of this section—

"(1) For taxable period july 1 through december 31, 1986.—The applicable percentage for the taxable period beginning on July 1, 1986, and ending on December 31, 1986, shall be 2 percent.

"(2) Subsequent taxable periods.—The applicable percentage for any taxable period beginning after 1986 shall be the sum of—

"(A) 2 percent, plus

"(B) 0.3 percent for each preceding taxable period.

In no event shall the applicable percentage exceed 5 percent."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by section 1018(u)(17) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, §7106(d), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3774, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 3322, 6157, 6201, 6317, 6513, and 6601 of this title, omitting section 3323 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 231n of Title 45, Railroads], and the provisions of subsection (b) [set out below], shall apply to remuneration paid after December 31, 1988."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–76, title II, §231(d), Aug. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 429, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this chapter and amending sections 6157, 6201, 6317, 6513, and 6601 of this title] shall apply to remuneration paid after June 30, 1986."

Continuation of Surtax Rate Through 1990

Pub. L. 100–647, title VII, §7106(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3773, provided that:

"(1) In general.—In the case of any calendar month beginning before January 1, 1991—

"(A) there shall be substituted for '4 percent' in subsections (a) and (b) of section 3321 of the 1986 Code the percentage equal to the sum of—

"(i) 4 percent, plus

"(ii) the surtax rate (if any) for such calendar month, and

"(B) subsection (c) of such section shall not apply to so much of the tax imposed by such section as is attributable to the surtax rate.

"(2) Surtax rate.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the surtax rate shall be—

"(A) 3.5 percent for each month during a calendar year if, as of September 30, of the preceding calendar year, there was a balance of transfers (or unpaid interest thereon) made after September 30, 1985, to the railroad unemployment insurance account under section 10(d) of the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act [45 U.S.C. 360(d)], and

"(B) zero for any other calendar month."
26 U.S.C. § 662 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 662: Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and trusts accumulating income or distributing corpus
Inclusion of amounts in gross income of beneficiaries of estates and trusts accumulating income or distributing corpus
Status: in_force

(a) Inclusion

Subject to subsection (b), there shall be included in the gross income of a beneficiary to whom an amount specified in section 661(a) is paid, credited, or required to be distributed (by an estate or trust described in section 661), the sum of the following amounts:

(1) Amounts required to be distributed currently

The amount of income for the taxable year required to be distributed currently to such beneficiary, whether distributed or not. If the amount of income required to be distributed currently to all beneficiaries exceeds the distributable net income (computed without the deduction allowed by section 642(c), relating to deduction for charitable, etc., purposes) of the estate or trust, then, in lieu of the amount provided in the preceding sentence, there shall be included in the gross income of the beneficiary an amount which bears the same ratio to distributable net income (as so computed) as the amount of income required to be distributed currently to such beneficiary bears to the amount required to be distributed currently to all beneficiaries. For purposes of this section, the phrase "the amount of income for the taxable year required to be distributed currently" includes any amount required to be paid out of income or corpus to the extent such amount is paid out of income for such taxable year.

(2) Other amounts distributed

All other amounts properly paid, credited, or required to be distributed to such beneficiary for the taxable year. If the sum of—

(A) the amount of income for the taxable year required to be distributed currently to all beneficiaries, and

(B) all other amounts properly paid, credited, or required to be distributed to all beneficiaries

exceeds the distributable net income of the estate or trust, then, in lieu of the amount provided in the preceding sentence, there shall be included in the gross income of the beneficiary an amount which bears the same ratio to distributable net income (reduced by the amounts specified in (A)) as the other amounts properly paid, credited or required to be distributed to the beneficiary bear to the other amounts properly paid, credited, or required to be distributed to all beneficiaries.

(b) Character of amounts

The amounts determined under subsection (a) shall have the same character in the hands of the beneficiary as in the hands of the estate or trust. For this purpose, the amounts shall be treated as consisting of the same proportion of each class of items entering into the computation of distributable net income as the total of each class bears to the total distributable net income of the estate or trust unless the terms of the governing instrument specifically allocate different classes of income to different beneficiaries. In the application of the preceding sentence, the items of deduction entering into the computation of distributable net income (including the deduction allowed under section 642(c)) shall be allocated among the items of distributable net income in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary. In the application of this subsection to the amount determined under paragraph (1) of subsection (a), distributable net income shall be computed without regard to any portion of the deduction under section 642(c) which is not attributable to income of the taxable year.

(c) Different taxable years

If the taxable year of a beneficiary is different from that of the estate or trust, the amount to be included in the gross income of the beneficiary shall be based on the distributable net income of the estate or trust and the amounts properly paid, credited, or required to be distributed to the beneficiary during any taxable year or years of the estate or trust ending within or with his taxable year.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 220; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary".
26 U.S.C. § 6721 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 68 / Section 6721: Failure to file correct information returns
Failure to file correct information returns
Status: in_force

(a) Imposition of penalty

(1) In general

In the case of a failure described in paragraph (2) by any person with respect to an information return, such person shall pay a penalty of $250 for each return with respect to which such a failure occurs, but the total amount imposed on such person for all such failures during any calendar year shall not exceed $3,000,000.

(2) Failures subject to penalty

For purposes of paragraph (1), the failures described in this paragraph are—

(A) any failure to file an information return with the Secretary on or before the required filing date, and

(B) any failure to include all of the information required to be shown on the return or the inclusion of incorrect information.

(b) Reduction where correction in specified period

(1) Correction within 30 days

If any failure described in subsection (a)(2) is corrected on or before the day 30 days after the required filing date—

(A) the penalty imposed by subsection (a) shall be $50 in lieu of $250, and

(B) the total amount imposed on the person for all such failures during any calendar year which are so corrected shall not exceed $500,000.

(2) Failures corrected on or before August 1

If any failure described in subsection (a)(2) is corrected after the 30th day referred to in paragraph (1) but on or before August 1 of the calendar year in which the required filing date occurs—

(A) the penalty imposed by subsection (a) shall be $100 in lieu of $250, and

(B) the total amount imposed on the person for all such failures during the calendar year which are so corrected shall not exceed $1,500,000.

(c) Exceptions for certain de minimis failures

(1) Exception for de minimis failure to include all required information

If—

(A) an information return is filed with the Secretary,

(B) there is a failure described in subsection (a)(2)(B) (determined after the application of section 6724(a)) with respect to such return, and

(C) such failure is corrected on or before August 1 of the calendar year in which the required filing date occurs,

for purposes of this section, such return shall be treated as having been filed with all of the correct required information.

(2) Limitation

The number of information returns to which paragraph (1) applies for any calendar year shall not exceed the greater of—

(A) 10, or

(B) one-half of 1 percent of the total number of information returns required to be filed by the person during the calendar year.

(3) Safe harbor for certain de minimis errors

(A) In general

If, with respect to an information return filed with the Secretary—

(i) there are 1 or more failures described in subsection (a)(2)(B) relating to an incorrect dollar amount,

(ii) no single amount in error differs from the correct amount by more than $100, and

(iii) no single amount reported for tax withheld on the information return differs from the correct amount by more than $25,

then no correction shall be required and, for purposes of this section, such return shall be treated as having been filed with all of the correct required information.

(B) Exception

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any incorrect dollar amount to the extent that such error relates to an amount with respect to which an election is made under section 6722(c)(3)(B).

(C) Regulatory authority

The Secretary may issue regulations to prevent the abuse of the safe harbor under this paragraph, including regulations providing that this paragraph shall not apply to the extent necessary to prevent any such abuse.

(d) Lower limitations for persons with gross receipts of not more than $5,000,000

(1) In general

If any person meets the gross receipts test of paragraph (2) with respect to any calendar year, with respect to failures during such calendar year—

(A) subsection (a)(1) shall be applied by substituting "$1,000,000" for "$3,000,000",

(B) subsection (b)(1)(B) shall be applied by substituting "$175,000" for "$500,000", and

(C) subsection (b)(2)(B) shall be applied by substituting "$500,000" for "$1,500,000".

(2) Gross receipts test

(A) In general

A person meets the gross receipts test of this paragraph for any calendar year if the average annual gross receipts of such person for the most recent 3 taxable years ending before such calendar year do not exceed $5,000,000.

(B) Certain rules made applicable

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the rules of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 448(c) shall apply.

(e) Penalty in case of intentional disregard

If 1 or more failures described in subsection (a)(2) are due to intentional disregard of the filing requirement (or the correct information reporting requirement), then, with respect to each such failure—

(1) subsections (b), (c), and (d) shall not apply,

(2) the penalty imposed under subsection (a) shall be $500, or, if greater—

(A) in the case of a return other than a return required under section 6045(a), 6041A(b), 6050H, 6050I, 6050J, 6050K, or 6050L, 10 percent of the aggregate amount of the items required to be reported correctly,

(B) in the case of a return required to be filed by section 6045(a), 6050K, or 6050L, 5 percent of the aggregate amount of the items required to be reported correctly,

(C) in the case of a return required to be filed under section 6050I(a) with respect to any transaction (or related transactions), the greater of—

(i) $25,000, or

(ii) the amount of cash (within the meaning of section 6050I(d)) received in such transaction (or related transactions) to the extent the amount of such cash does not exceed $100,000, or

(D) in the case of a return required to be filed under section 6050V, 10 percent of the value of the benefit of any contract with respect to which information is required to be included on the return, and

(3) in the case of any penalty determined under paragraph (2)—

(A) the $3,000,000 limitation under subsection (a) shall not apply, and

(B) such penalty shall not be taken into account in applying such limitation (or any similar limitation under subsection (b)) to penalties not determined under paragraph (2).

(f) Adjustment for inflation

(1) In general

In the case of any failure relating to a return required to be filed in a calendar year beginning after 2014, each of the dollar amounts under subsections (a), (b), (d) (other than paragraph (2)(A) thereof), and (e) shall be increased by an amount equal to such dollar amount multiplied by the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year determined by substituting "calendar year 2011" for "calendar year 2016" in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof.

(2) Rounding

If any amount adjusted under paragraph (1)—

(A) is not less than $75,000 and is not a multiple of $500, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $500, and

(B) is not described in subparagraph (A) and is not a multiple of $10, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $10.

(Added Pub. L. 99–514, title XV, §1501(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2732; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7601(a)(2)(A), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4503; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7711(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2388; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11318(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–459; Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §1211(b)(2), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 111–240, title II, §2102(a)–(f), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2561, 2562; Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, title II, §208(f), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4074; Pub. L. 114–27, title VIII, §806(a)–(d), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 416, 417; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title II, §202(a), (d), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 3076, 3077; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §11002(d)(1)(PP), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2061; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title I, §101(f)(2), title IV, §401(a)(299)(F), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1161, 1198.)

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (c)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 115–141, §101(f)(2), substituted "the information return" for "any information return".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 115–141, §401(a)(299)(F), inserted "an amount equal to" after "increased by" and "for the calendar year" after "section 1(f)(3)".

2017—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 115–97 substituted "for 'calendar year 2016' in subparagraph (A)(ii)" for "for 'calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B)".

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(a), substituted "$250" for "$100" and "$3,000,000" for "$1,500,000".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(b)(1)(A), (B), substituted "$50" for "$30" and "$250" for "$100".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(b)(1)(C), substituted "$500,000" for "$250,000".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(b)(2)(A), (B), substituted "$100" for "$60" and "$250" for "$100".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(b)(2)(C), substituted "$1,500,000" for "$500,000".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–113, §202(d)(1), substituted "Exceptions for certain de minimis failures" for "Exception for de minimis failures to include all required information" in heading.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–113, §202(d)(2), substituted "Exception for de minimis failure to include all required information" for "In general" in heading.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–113, §202(a), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(c)(1), substituted "$1,000,000" for "$500,000" and "$3,000,000" for "$1,500,000".

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(c)(2), substituted "$175,000" for "$75,000" and "$500,000" for "$250,000".

Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(c)(3), substituted "$500,000" for "$200,000" and "$1,500,000" for "$500,000".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(d)(1), substituted "$500" for "$250".

Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–27, §806(d)(2), substituted "$3,000,000" for "$1,500,000".

2014—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 113–295 substituted "In the case of any failure relating to a return required to be filed in a calendar year beginning after 2014" for "For each fifth calendar year beginning after 2012".

2010—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(a), substituted "$100" for "$50" and "$1,500,000" for "$250,000".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(a)(1), (b)(1), substituted "$30" for "$15" and "$100" for "$50".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(b)(2), substituted "$250,000" for "$75,000".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(a)(1), (c)(1), substituted "$60" for "$30" and "$100" for "$50".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(c)(2), substituted "$500,000" for "$150,000".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(d)(2), substituted "such calendar year" for "such taxable year" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(a)(2), (d)(1)(A), substituted "$500,000" for "$100,000" and "$1,500,000" for "$250,000".

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(b)(2), (d)(1)(B), substituted "$75,000" for "$25,000" and "$250,000" for "$75,000".

Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(c)(2), (d)(1)(C), substituted "$200,000" for "$50,000" and "$500,000" for "$150,000".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(e), substituted "$250" for "$100" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(a)(2), substituted "$1,500,000" for "$250,000".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–240, §2102(f), added subsec. (f).

2006—Subsec. (e)(2)(D). Pub. L. 109–280, which directed the addition of subpar. (D) to section 6721(e)(2), without specifying the act to be amended, was executed by making the addition to subsec. (e)(2) of this section, which is section 6721 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1990—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–508 inserted "6050I," after "6050H," and struck out "or" at end of subpar. (A), substituted "or" for "and" at end of subpar. (B), and added subpar. (C).

1989—Pub. L. 101–239 substituted "correct" for "certain" in section catchline and amended text generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (e) for former subsec. (a) stating general rule and subsec. (b) relating to penalty in case of intentional disregard.

1988—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100–690 inserted "(or, if greater, in the case of a return filed under section 6050I, 10 percent of the taxable income derived from the transaction)" after "reported".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by section 101(f)(2) of Pub. L. 115–141 effective as if included in the provision of the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, div. Q of Pub. L. 114–113, to which such amendment relates, see section 101(s) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 11002(e) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–113 applicable to returns required to be filed, and payee statements required to be provided, after Dec. 31, 2016, see section 202(e) of Pub. L. 114–113, set out as a note under section 6045 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–27, title VIII, §806(f), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 418, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6722 of this title] shall apply with respect to returns and statements required to be filed after December 31, 2015."

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 applicable to returns required to be filed, and statements required to be furnished, after Dec. 31, 2014, see section 208(h) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 6651 of this title.

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–240, title II, §2102(h), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2564, as amended by Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §207(a)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4027, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6722 of this title] shall apply with respect to information returns required to be filed, and payee statements required to be furnished, on or after January 1, 2011."

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–280 applicable to acquisitions of contracts after Aug. 17, 2006, see section 1211(d) of Pub. L. 109–280, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6050V of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable to amounts received after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11318(e)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 6050I of this title.

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7711(c), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2393, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 6722 to 6724 and 7205 of this title and repealing sections 6017A, 6676, and 6687 of this title] shall apply to returns and statements the due date for which (determined without regard to extensions) is after December 31, 1989."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 applicable to actions after Nov. 18, 1988, see section 7601(a)(3) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 6050I of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 99–514, title XV, §1501(e), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2741, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and sections 6722 to 6724 of this title, amending sections 219, 6031, 6033 to 6034A, 6041, 6042 to 6045, 6047, 6049, 6050A to 6050C, 6050E to 6050I, 6050K, 6052, 6057, 6058, 6652, and 6676 of this title, and repealing section 6678 of this title] shall apply to returns the due date for which (determined without regard to extensions) is after December 31, 1986, except that the amendments made by subsections (c)(2), (c)(3), and (c)(5) [amending sections 6042, 6044, and 6049 of this title] shall apply to returns the due [date] for which (determined without regard to extensions) is after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986]."
26 U.S.C. § 7421 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 76 / Section 7421: Prohibition of suits to restrain assessment or collection
Prohibition of suits to restrain assessment or collection
Status: in_force

(a) Tax

Except as provided in sections 6015(e), 6212(a) and (c), 6213(a), 6232(c), 6330(e)(1), 6331(i), 6672(c), 6694(c), 7426(a) and (b)(1), 7429(b), and 7436, no suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection of any tax shall be maintained in any court by any person, whether or not such person is the person against whom such tax was assessed.

(b) Liability of transferee or fiduciary

No suit shall be maintained in any court for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection (pursuant to the provisions of chapter 71) of—

(1) the amount of the liability, at law or in equity, of a transferee of property of a taxpayer in respect of any internal revenue tax, or

(2) the amount of the liability of a fiduciary under section 3713(b) of title 31, United States Code, in respect of any such tax.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 876; Pub. L. 89–719, title I, §110(c), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1144; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1204(c)(11), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1699; Pub. L. 95–628, §9(b)(1), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3633; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(f)(13), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 105–34, title XII, §§1222(b)(1), 1239(e)(3), title XIV, §1454(b)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1019, 1028, 1057; Pub. L. 105–206, title III, §3201(e)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title IV, §4002(c)(1), (f), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–906, 2681–907; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(7) [title III, §§313(b)(2)(B), 319(24)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–642, 2763A–647; Pub. L. 114–74, title XI, §1101(f)(10), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, §401(a)(324), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1199.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–141 substituted "Code, in" for "Code in".

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–74 substituted "6232(c)" for "6225(b), 6246(b)".

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–554 inserted "6330(e)(1)," after "6246(b)," and substituted "6672(c)" for "6672(b)".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277 substituted "6015(e)" for "6015(d)" and inserted "6331(i)," after "6246(b),".

Pub. L. 105–206 inserted "6015(d)," after "sections".

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–34, §1454(b)(2), substituted "7429(b), and 7436" for "and 7429(b)".

Pub. L. 105–34, §1239(e)(3), inserted "6225(b)," after "6213(a),".

Pub. L. 105–34, §1222(b)(1), inserted "6246(b)," after "6213(a),".

1982—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3713(b) of title 31, United States Code" for "section 3467 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 192)".

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–628 inserted references to sections 6672(b) and 6694(c).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455 substituted "7426(a) and (b)(1), and 7429(b)" for "and 7426(a) and (b)(1)".

1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–719 inserted reference to section 7426(a), (b)(1), and "by any person, whether or not such person is the person against whom such tax was assessed".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–74 applicable to returns filed for partnership taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, with certain exceptions, see section 1101(g) of Pub. L. 114–74, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6221 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendments

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective as if included in the provision of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, Pub. L. 105–206, to which such amendment relates, see section 4002(k) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 applicable to any liability for tax arising after July 22, 1998, and any liability for tax arising on or before such date but remaining unpaid as of such date, see section 3201(g)(1) of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 6015 of this title.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by section 1222(b)(1) of Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to partnership taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, see section 1226 of Pub. L. 105–34, as amended, set out as a note under section 6011 of this title.

Amendment by section 1239(e)(3) of Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to partnership taxable years ending after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 1239(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 6501 of this title.

Amendment by section 1454(b)(2) of Pub. L. 105–34, effective Aug. 5, 1997, see section 1454(c) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 6511 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–628 applicable with respect to penalties assessed more than 60 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 9(c) of Pub. L. 95–628, set out as a note under section 6672 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to action taken under section 6851, 6861, or 6862 of this title where notice and demand takes place after Feb. 28, 1977, see section 1204(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, as amended, set out as a note under section 6851 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–719 applicable after Nov. 2, 1966, regardless of when title or lien of United States arose or when lien or interest of another person was acquired, with certain exceptions, see section 114(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 89–719, set out as a note under section 6323 of this title.

Prohibition on Requests to Taxpayers To Give Up Rights To Bring Actions

Pub. L. 105–206, title III, §3468, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 770, provided that:

"(a) Prohibition.—No officer or employee of the United States may request a taxpayer to waive the taxpayer's right to bring a civil action against the United States or any officer or employee of the United States for any action taken in connection with the internal revenue laws.

"(b) Exceptions.—Subsection (a) shall not apply in any case where—

"(1) a taxpayer waives the right described in subsection (a) knowingly and voluntarily; or

"(2) the request by the officer or employee is made in person and the taxpayer's attorney or other federally authorized tax practitioner (within the meaning of section 7525(a)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) is present, or the request is made in writing to the taxpayer's attorney or other representative."
26 U.S.C. § 356 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Subchapter C / Section 356: Receipt of additional consideration
Receipt of additional consideration
Status: in_force

(a) Gain on exchanges

(1) Recognition of gain

If—

(A) section 354 or 355 would apply to an exchange but for the fact that

(B) the property received in the exchange consists not only of property permitted by section 354 or 355 to be received without the recognition of gain but also of other property or money,

then the gain, if any, to the recipient shall be recognized, but in an amount not in excess of the sum of such money and the fair market value of such other property.

(2) Treatment as dividend

If an exchange is described in paragraph (1) but has the effect of the distribution of a dividend (determined with the application of section 318(a)), then there shall be treated as a dividend to each distributee such an amount of the gain recognized under paragraph (1) as is not in excess of his ratable share of the undistributed earnings and profits of the corporation accumulated after February 28, 1913. The remainder, if any, of the gain recognized under paragraph (1) shall be treated as gain from the exchange of property.

(b) Additional consideration received in certain distributions

If—

(1) section 355 would apply to a distribution but for the fact that

(2) the property received in the distribution consists not only of property permitted by section 355 to be received without the recognition of gain, but also of other property or money,

then an amount equal to the sum of such money and the fair market value of such other property shall be treated as a distribution of property to which section 301 applies.

(c) Loss

If—

(1) section 354 would apply to an exchange or section 355 would apply to an exchange or distribution, but for the fact that

(2) the property received in the exchange or distribution consists not only of property permitted by section 354 or 355 to be received without the recognition of gain or loss, but also of other property or money,

then no loss from the exchange or distribution shall be recognized.

(d) Securities as other property

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term "other property" includes securities.

(2) Exceptions

(A) Securities with respect to which nonrecognition of gain would be permitted

The term "other property" does not include securities to the extent that, under section 354 or 355, such securities would be permitted to be received without the recognition of gain.

(B) Greater principal amount in section 354 exchange

If—

(i) in an exchange described in section 354 (other than subsection (c) thereof), securities of a corporation a party to the reorganization are surrendered and securities of any corporation a party to the reorganization are received, and

(ii) the principal amount of such securities received exceeds the principal amount of such securities surrendered,

then, with respect to such securities received, the term "other property" means only the fair market value of such excess. For purposes of this subparagraph and subparagraph (C), if no securities are surrendered, the excess shall be the entire principal amount of the securities received.

(C) Greater principal amount in section 355 transaction

If, in an exchange or distribution described in section 355, the principal amount of the securities in the controlled corporation which are received exceeds the principal amount of the securities in the distributing corporation which are surrendered, then, with respect to such securities received, the term "other property" means only the fair market value of such excess.

(e) Nonqualified preferred stock treated as other property

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term "other property" includes nonqualified preferred stock (as defined in section 351(g)(2)).

(2) Exception

The term "other property" does not include nonqualified preferred stock (as so defined) to the extent that, under section 354 or 355, such preferred stock would be permitted to be received without the recognition of gain.

(f) Exchanges for section 306 stock

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, to the extent that any of the other property (or money) is received in exchange for section 306 stock, an amount equal to the fair market value of such other property (or the amount of such money) shall be treated as a distribution of property to which section 301 applies.

(g) Transactions involving gift or compensation

For special rules for a transaction described in section 354, 355, or this section, but which—

(1) results in a gift, see section 2501 and following, or

(2) has the effect of the payment of compensation, see section 61(a)(1).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 115; Pub. L. 94–253, §1(c), Mar. 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §227(b), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 492; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11801(c)(8)(E), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–524; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, §1014(d), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 921.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1997—Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 105–34 added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) and (f) as (f) and (g), respectively.

1990—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 101–508 struck out "or (d)" after "subsection (c)".

1982—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–248 inserted "(determined with the application of section 318(a))" after "distribution of a dividend".

1976—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 94–253 substituted "subsection (c) or (d) thereof" for "subsection (c) thereof".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable, with certain exceptions, to transactions after June 8, 1997, see section 1014(f) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 351 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §227(c)(2), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 492, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (b) [amending this section] shall apply to distributions after August 31, 1982, in taxable years ending after such date."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–253 applicable to taxable years ending after Mar. 31, 1976, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–253, set out as a note under section 354 of this title.

Savings Provision

For provisions that nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 be construed to affect treatment of certain transactions occurring, property acquired, or items of income, loss, deduction, or credit taken into account prior to Nov. 5, 1990, for purposes of determining liability for tax for periods ending after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 11821(b) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 45K of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 1392 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1392: Eligibility criteria
Eligibility criteria
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A nominated area shall be eligible for designation under section 1391 only if it meets the following criteria:

(1) Population

The nominated area has a maximum population of—

(A) in the case of an urban area, the lesser of—

(i) 200,000, or

(ii) the greater of 50,000 or 10 percent of the population of the most populous city located within the nominated area, and

(B) in the case of a rural area, 30,000.

(2) Distress

The nominated area is one of pervasive poverty, unemployment, and general distress.

(3) Size

The nominated area—

(A) does not exceed 20 square miles if an urban area or 1,000 square miles if a rural area,

(B) has a boundary which is continuous, or, except in the case of a rural area located in more than 1 State, consists of not more than 3 noncontiguous parcels,

(C)(i) in the case of an urban area, is located entirely within no more than 2 contiguous States, and

(ii) in the case of a rural area, is located entirely within no more than 3 contiguous States, and

(D) does not include any portion of a central business district (as such term is used for purposes of the most recent Census of Retail Trade) unless the poverty rate for each population census tract in such district is not less than 35 percent (30 percent in the case of an enterprise community).

(4) Poverty rate

The poverty rate—

(A) for each population census tract within the nominated area is not less than 20 percent,

(B) for at least 90 percent of the population census tracts within the nominated area is not less than 25 percent, and

(C) for at least 50 percent of the population census tracts within the nominated area is not less than 35 percent.

(b) Special rules relating to determination of poverty rate

For purposes of subsection (a)(4)—

(1) Treatment of census tracts with small populations

(A) Tracts with no population

In the case of a population census tract with no population—

(i) such tract shall be treated as having a poverty rate which meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(4), but

(ii) such tract shall be treated as having a zero poverty rate for purposes of applying subparagraph (C) thereof.

(B) Tracts with populations of less than 2,000

A population census tract with a population of less than 2,000 shall be treated as having a poverty rate which meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(4) if more than 75 percent of such tract is zoned for commercial or industrial use.

(2) Discretion to adjust requirements for enterprise communities

In determining whether a nominated area is eligible for designation as an enterprise community, the appropriate Secretary may, where necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter, reduce by 5 percentage points one of the following thresholds for not more than 10 percent of the population census tracts (or, if fewer, 5 population census tracts) in the nominated area:

(A) The 20 percent threshold in subsection (a)(4)(A).

(B) The 25 percent threshold in subsection (a)(4)(B).

(C) The 35 percent threshold in subsection (a)(4)(C).

If the appropriate Secretary elects to reduce the threshold under subparagraph (C), such Secretary may (in lieu of applying the preceding sentence) reduce by 10 percentage points the threshold under subparagraph (C) for 3 population census tracts.

(3) Each noncontiguous area must satisfy poverty rate rule

A nominated area may not include a noncontiguous parcel unless such parcel separately meets (subject to paragraphs (1) and (2)) the criteria set forth in subsection (a)(4).

(4) Areas not within census tracts

In the case of an area which is not tracted for population census tracts, the equivalent county divisions (as defined by the Bureau of the Census for purposes of defining poverty areas) shall be used for purposes of determining poverty rates.

(c) Factors to consider

From among the nominated areas eligible for designation under section 1391 by the appropriate Secretary, such appropriate Secretary shall make designations of empowerment zones and enterprise communities on the basis of—

(1) the effectiveness of the strategic plan submitted pursuant to section 1391(f)(2) and the assurances made pursuant to section 1391(e)(3), and

(2) criteria specified by the appropriate Secretary.

(d) Special eligibility for nominated areas located in Alaska or Hawaii

A nominated area in Alaska or Hawaii shall be treated as meeting the requirements of paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (a) if for each census tract or block group within such area 20 percent or more of the families have income which is 50 percent or less of the statewide median family income (as determined under section 143).

(Added Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13301(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 545; amended Pub. L. 105–34, title IX, §954, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 888.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1392, added Pub. L. 95–600, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2893; amended Pub. L. 96–222, title I, §106(a)(5), Apr. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 96–595, §3(a)(3), (4), Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3465, related to election by general stock ownership corporations not to be subject to taxes imposed by this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–514, title XIII, §1303(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2658.

Amendments

1997—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–34 added subsec. (d).
26 U.S.C. § 7213A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 75 / Section 7213A: Unauthorized inspection of returns or return information
Unauthorized inspection of returns or return information
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibitions

(1) Federal employees and other persons

It shall be unlawful for—

(A) any officer or employee of the United States, or

(B) any person described in subsection (l)(18) or (n) of section 6103 or an officer or employee of any such person,

willfully to inspect, except as authorized in this title, any return or return information.

(2) State and other employees

It shall be unlawful for any person (not described in paragraph (1)) willfully to inspect, except as authorized in this title, any return or return information acquired by such person or another person under a provision of section 6103 referred to in section 7213(a)(2) or under section 6104(c).

(b) Penalty

(1) In general

Any violation of subsection (a) shall be punishable upon conviction by a fine in any amount not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or both, together with the costs of prosecution.

(2) Federal officers or employees

An officer or employee of the United States who is convicted of any violation of subsection (a) shall, in addition to any other punishment, be dismissed from office or discharged from employment.

(c) Definitions

For purposes of this section, the terms "inspect", "return", and "return information" have the respective meanings given such terms by section 6103(b).

(Added Pub. L. 105–35, §2(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1104; amended Pub. L. 107–210, div. A, title II, §202(b)(3), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 961; Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, §1224(b)(6), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1093.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–280, which directed insertion of "or under section 6104(c)" after "7213(a)(2)" in subsec. (a)(2) of section 7213A, without specifying the act to be amended, was executed by making the insertion in subsec. (a)(2) of this section, which is section 7213A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

2002—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–210 substituted "subsection (l)(18) or (n) of section 6103" for "section 6103(n)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–280 effective Aug. 17, 2006, but not applicable to requests made before such date, see section 1224(c) of Pub. L. 109–280, set out as a note under section 6103 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to violations occurring on and after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 105–35, set out as an Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note under section 7213 of this title.

Construction of 2002 Amendment

Nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 107–210, other than provisions relating to COBRA continuation coverage and reporting requirements, to be construed as creating new mandate on any party regarding health insurance coverage, see section 203(f) of Pub. L. 107–210, set out as a Construction note under section 35 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 741 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 741: Recognition and character of gain or loss on sale or exchange
Recognition and character of gain or loss on sale or exchange
Status: in_force

In the case of a sale or exchange of an interest in a partnership, gain or loss shall be recognized to the transferor partner. Such gain or loss shall be considered as gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a capital asset, except as otherwise provided in section 751 (relating to unrealized receivables and inventory items).

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 248; Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, §417(12), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 56.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–147 struck out "which have appreciated substantially in value" after "inventory items".
26 U.S.C. § 7522 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 77 / Section 7522: Content of tax due, deficiency, and other notices
Content of tax due, deficiency, and other notices
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

Any notice to which this section applies shall describe the basis for, and identify the amounts (if any) of, the tax due, interest, additional amounts, additions to the tax, and assessable penalties included in such notice. An inadequate description under the preceding sentence shall not invalidate such notice.

(b) Notices to which section applies

This section shall apply to—

(1) any tax due notice or deficiency notice described in section 6155, 6212, or 6303,

(2) any notice generated out of any information return matching program, and

(3) the 1st letter of proposed deficiency which allows the taxpayer an opportunity for administrative review in the Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals.

(Added Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6233(a), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3735, §7521; renumbered §7522, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11704(a)(30), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–519; amended Pub. L. 116–25, title I, §1001(b)(1)(I), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 985.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 116–25 substituted "Internal Revenue Service Independent Office of Appeals" for "Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6233(c), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3735, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to mailings made on or after January 1, 1990."
26 U.S.C. § 692 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 692: Income taxes of members of Armed Forces, astronauts, and victims of certain terrorist attacks on death
Income taxes of members of Armed Forces, astronauts, and victims of certain terrorist attacks on death
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

In the case of any individual who dies while in active service as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, if such death occurred while serving in a combat zone (as determined under section 112) or as a result of wounds, disease, or injury incurred while so serving—

(1) any tax imposed by this subtitle shall not apply with respect to the taxable year in which falls the date of his death, or with respect to any prior taxable year ending on or after the first day he so served in a combat zone; and

(2) any tax under this subtitle and under the corresponding provisions of prior revenue laws for taxable years preceding those specified in paragraph (1) which is unpaid at the date of his death (including interest, additions to the tax, and additional amounts) shall not be assessed, and if assessed the assessment shall be abated, and if collected shall be credited or refunded as an overpayment.

(b) Individuals in missing status

For purposes of this section, in the case of an individual who was in a missing status within the meaning of section 6013(f)(3)(A), the date of his death shall be treated as being not earlier than the date on which a determination of his death is made under section 556 of title 37 of the United States Code. Except in the case of the combat zone designated for purposes of the Vietnam conflict, the preceding sentence shall not cause subsection (a)(1) to apply for any taxable year beginning more than 2 years after the date designated under section 112 as the date of termination of combatant activities in a combat zone.

(c) Certain military or civilian employees of the United States dying as a result of injuries

(1) In general

In the case of any individual who dies while a military or civilian employee of the United States, if such death occurs as a result of wounds or injury which was incurred while the individual was a military or civilian employee of the United States and which was incurred in a terroristic or military action, any tax imposed by this subtitle shall not apply—

(A) with respect to the taxable year in which falls the date of his death, and

(B) with respect to any prior taxable year in the period beginning with the last taxable year ending before the taxable year in which the wounds or injury were incurred.

(2) Terroristic or military action

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "terroristic or military action" means—

(A) any terroristic activity which a preponderance of the evidence indicates was directed against the United States or any of its allies, and

(B) any military action involving the Armed Forces of the United States and resulting from violence or aggression against the United States or any of its allies (or threat thereof).

For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term "military action" does not include training exercises.

(3) Treatment of multinational forces

For purposes of paragraph (2), any multinational force in which the United States is participating shall be treated as an ally of the United States.

(d) Individuals dying as a result of certain attacks

(1) In general

In the case of a specified terrorist victim, any tax imposed by this chapter shall not apply—

(A) with respect to the taxable year in which falls the date of death, and

(B) with respect to any prior taxable year in the period beginning with the last taxable year ending before the taxable year in which the wounds, injury, or illness referred to in paragraph (3) were incurred.

(2) $10,000 minimum benefit

If, but for this paragraph, the amount of tax not imposed by paragraph (1) with respect to a specified terrorist victim is less than $10,000, then such victim shall be treated as having made a payment against the tax imposed by this chapter for such victim's last taxable year in an amount equal to the excess of $10,000 over the amount of tax not so imposed.

(3) Taxation of certain benefits

Subject to such rules as the Secretary may prescribe, paragraph (1) shall not apply to the amount of any tax imposed by this chapter which would be computed by only taking into account the items of income, gain, or other amounts attributable to—

(A) deferred compensation which would have been payable after death if the individual had died other than as a specified terrorist victim, or

(B) amounts payable in the taxable year which would not have been payable in such taxable year but for an action taken after September 11, 2001.

(4) Specified terrorist victim

For purposes of this subsection, the term "specified terrorist victim" means any decedent—

(A) who dies as a result of wounds or injury incurred as a result of the terrorist attacks against the United States on April 19, 1995, or September 11, 2001, or

(B) who dies as a result of illness incurred as a result of an attack involving anthrax occurring on or after September 11, 2001, and before January 1, 2002.

Such term shall not include any individual identified by the Attorney General to have been a participant or conspirator in any such attack or a representative of such an individual.

(5) Relief with respect to astronauts

The provisions of this subsection shall apply to any astronaut whose death occurs in the line of duty, except that paragraph (3)(B) shall be applied by using the date of the death of the astronaut rather than September 11, 2001.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 238; Pub. L. 93–597, §4(a), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1952; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1901(a)(92), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1780; Pub. L. 94–569, §3(c), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2699; Pub. L. 97–448, title III, §307(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2407; Pub. L. 98–259, §1(a), Apr. 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §722(g)(2), (3), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 99–514, title XVII, §1708(a)(2), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2782; Pub. L. 107–134, title I, §§101(a), (c)(1), 113(b), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2428, 2435; Pub. L. 108–121, title I, §110(a)(1), (3)(A), Nov. 11, 2003, 117 Stat. 1342; Pub. L. 113–295, div. A, title II, §221(a)(67), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4048.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–295 struck out "after June 24, 1950" after "combat zone".

2003—Pub. L. 108–121, §110(a)(3)(A), inserted ", astronauts," after "Forces" in section catchline.

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 108–121, §110(a)(1), added par. (5).

2002—Pub. L. 107–134, §101(c)(1), amended section catchline generally. Prior to amendment, catchline read as follows: "Income taxes on members of Armed Forces on death".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–134, §113(b)(2), struck out "sustained overseas" after "injuries" in heading.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–134, §113(b)(1), struck out "outside the United States" before "in a terroristic or military action" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–134, §101(a), added subsec. (d).

1986—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514 amended last sentence generally. Prior to amendment, sentence read as follows: "The preceding sentence shall not cause subsection (a)(1) to apply for any taxable year beginning—

"(1) after December 31, 1982, in the case of service in the combat zone designated for purposes of the Vietnam conflict, or

"(2) more than 2 years after the date designated under section 112 as the date of termination of combatant activities in that zone, in the case of any combat zone other than that referred to in paragraph (1)."

1984—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–259 added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–369, §722(g)(2), which directed amendment of par. (1) of this section by substituting "as a result of wounds or injury which was incurred while the individual was a military or civilian employee of the United States and which was incurred" for "as a result of wounds or injury incurred" was executed to par. (1) of subsec. (c) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–369, §722(g)(3), inserted "which a preponderance of the evidence indicates was".

1983—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–448 substituted "December 31, 1982" for "January 2, 1978".

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–569 substituted "to apply for any taxable year beginning" for "to apply for any taxable year beginning more than 2 years after" in provisions preceding par. (1), substituted "after January 2, 1978" for "the date of enactment of this subsection" in par. (1), and substituted "more than 2 years after the date designated" for "the date designated" in par. (2).

Pub. L. 94–455 substituted "of members" for "on members" in heading.

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–597, §4(a)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), added heading, and in subsec. (a) as so designated, struck out "during an induction period (as defined in section 112(c)(5))", respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–597, §4(a)(3), added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–295 effective Dec. 19, 2014, subject to a savings provision, see section 221(b) of Pub. L. 113–295, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–121 applicable with respect to any astronaut whose death occurs after Dec. 31, 2002, see section 110(a)(4) of Pub. L. 108–121, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–134, title I, §101(d), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2429, provided that:

"(1) Effective date.—The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 5 and 6013 of this title] shall apply to taxable years ending before, on, or after September 11, 2001.

"(2) Waiver of limitations.—If refund or credit of any overpayment of tax resulting from the amendments made by this section is prevented at any time before the close of the 1-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 23, 2002] by the operation of any law or rule of law (including res judicata), such refund or credit may nevertheless be made or allowed if claim therefor is filed before the close of such period."

Amendment by section 113(b) of Pub. L. 107–134 applicable to taxable years ending on or after Sept. 11, 2001, see section 113(c) of Pub. L. 107–134, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1982, see section 1708(b) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §722(g)(5), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 975, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(A) In general.—The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and enacting and amending provisions set out below] shall take effect as if they were included in the amendments made by section 1 of Public Law 98–259 [amending this section and enacting provisions set out below].

"(B) Statute of limitations waived.—Notwithstanding section 6511 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the time for filing a claim for credit or refund of any overpayment of tax resulting from the amendments made by this subsection shall not expire before the date 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1984]."

Pub. L. 98–259, §1(b), Apr. 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 143, as amended by Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §722(g)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to all taxable years (whether beginning before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 10, 1984]) of individuals dying after November 17, 1978, as a result of wounds or injuries incurred after such date.

"(2) Statute of limitations waived.—Notwithstanding section 6511 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the time for filing a claim for credit or refund of any overpayment of tax resulting from the amendment made by subsection (a) shall not expire before the date 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act."

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 effective for taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 1976, see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1975 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–597, §4(b), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1952, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years ending on or after February 28, 1961."

Refunds and Credits of Overpayments for Taxable Years Ending on or After February 28, 1961, Resulting From Application of Provisions

Pub. L. 93–597, §4(c), Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1952, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "If the refund or credit of any overpayment for any taxable year ending on or after February 28, 1961, resulting from the application of section 692 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) is prevented at any time before the expiration of one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 1975] by the operation of any law or rule of law, but would not have been so prevented if claim for refund or credit therefor were made on the due date for the return for the taxable year of his death (or any later year), refund or credit of such overpayment may, nevertheless, be made or allowed if claim therefor is filed before the expiration of such one-year period."

Treatment of Director General of Multinational Force in Sinai

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §722(g)(4), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 974, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "For purposes of section 692(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954], the Director General of the Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai who died on February 15, 1984, shall be treated as if he were a civilian employee of the United States while he served as such Director General."
26 U.S.C. § 1296 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1296: Election of mark to market for marketable stock
Election of mark to market for marketable stock
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

In the case of marketable stock in a passive foreign investment company which is owned (or treated under subsection (g) as owned) by a United States person at the close of any taxable year of such person, at the election of such person—

(1) If the fair market value of such stock as of the close of such taxable year exceeds its adjusted basis, such United States person shall include in gross income for such taxable year an amount equal to the amount of such excess.

(2) If the adjusted basis of such stock exceeds the fair market value of such stock as of the close of such taxable year, such United States person shall be allowed a deduction for such taxable year equal to the lesser of—

(A) the amount of such excess, or

(B) the unreversed inclusions with respect to such stock.

(b) Basis adjustments

(1) In general

The adjusted basis of stock in a passive foreign investment company—

(A) shall be increased by the amount included in the gross income of the United States person under subsection (a)(1) with respect to such stock, and

(B) shall be decreased by the amount allowed as a deduction to the United States person under subsection (a)(2) with respect to such stock.

(2) Special rule for stock constructively owned

In the case of stock in a passive foreign investment company which the United States person is treated as owning under subsection (g)—

(A) the adjustments under paragraph (1) shall apply to such stock in the hands of the person actually holding such stock but only for purposes of determining the subsequent treatment under this chapter of the United States person with respect to such stock, and

(B) similar adjustments shall be made to the adjusted basis of the property by reason of which the United States person is treated as owning such stock.

(c) Character and source rules

(1) Ordinary treatment

(A) Gain

Any amount included in gross income under subsection (a)(1), and any gain on the sale or other disposition of marketable stock in a passive foreign investment company (with respect to which an election under this section is in effect), shall be treated as ordinary income.

(B) Loss

Any—

(i) amount allowed as a deduction under subsection (a)(2), and

(ii) loss on the sale or other disposition of marketable stock in a passive foreign investment company (with respect to which an election under this section is in effect) to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the unreversed inclusions with respect to such stock,

shall be treated as an ordinary loss. The amount so treated shall be treated as a deduction allowable in computing adjusted gross income.

(2) Source

The source of any amount included in gross income under subsection (a)(1) (or allowed as a deduction under subsection (a)(2)) shall be determined in the same manner as if such amount were gain or loss (as the case may be) from the sale of stock in the passive foreign investment company.

(d) Unreversed inclusions

For purposes of this section, the term "unreversed inclusions" means, with respect to any stock in a passive foreign investment company, the excess (if any) of—

(1) the amount included in gross income of the taxpayer under subsection (a)(1) with respect to such stock for prior taxable years, over

(2) the amount allowed as a deduction under subsection (a)(2) with respect to such stock for prior taxable years.

The amount referred to in paragraph (1) shall include any amount which would have been included in gross income under subsection (a)(1) with respect to such stock for any prior taxable year but for section 1291. In the case of a regulated investment company which elected to mark to market the stock held by such company as of the last day of the taxable year preceding such company's first taxable year for which such company elects the application of this section, the amount referred to in paragraph (1) shall include amounts included in gross income under such mark to market with respect to such stock for prior taxable years.

(e) Marketable stock

For purposes of this section—

(1) In general

The term "marketable stock" means—

(A) any stock which is regularly traded on—

(i) a national securities exchange which is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or

(ii) any exchange or other market which the Secretary determines has rules adequate to carry out the purposes of this part,

(B) to the extent provided in regulations, stock in any foreign corporation which is comparable to a regulated investment company and which offers for sale or has outstanding any stock of which it is the issuer and which is redeemable at its net asset value, and

(C) to the extent provided in regulations, any option on stock described in subparagraph (A) or (B).

(2) Special rule for regulated investment companies

In the case of any regulated investment company which is offering for sale or has outstanding any stock of which it is the issuer and which is redeemable at its net asset value, all stock in a passive foreign investment company which it owns directly or indirectly shall be treated as marketable stock for purposes of this section. Except as provided in regulations, similar treatment as marketable stock shall apply in the case of any other regulated investment company which publishes net asset valuations at least annually.

(f) Treatment of controlled foreign corporations which are shareholders in passive foreign investment companies

In the case of a foreign corporation which is a controlled foreign corporation and which owns (or is treated under subsection (g) as owning) stock in a passive foreign investment company—

(1) this section (other than subsection (c)(2)) shall apply to such foreign corporation in the same manner as if such corporation were a United States person, and

(2) for purposes of subpart F of part III of subchapter N—

(A) any amount included in gross income under subsection (a)(1) shall be treated as foreign personal holding company income described in section 954(c)(1)(A), and

(B) any amount allowed as a deduction under subsection (a)(2) shall be treated as a deduction allocable to foreign personal holding company income so described.

(g) Stock owned through certain foreign entities

Except as provided in regulations—

(1) In general

For purposes of this section, stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for a foreign partnership or foreign trust or foreign estate shall be considered as being owned proportionately by its partners or beneficiaries. Stock considered to be owned by a person by reason of the application of the preceding sentence shall, for purposes of applying such sentence, be treated as actually owned by such person.

(2) Treatment of certain dispositions

In any case in which a United States person is treated as owning stock in a passive foreign investment company by reason of paragraph (1)—

(A) any disposition by the United States person or by any other person which results in the United States person being treated as no longer owning such stock, and

(B) any disposition by the person owning such stock,

shall be treated as a disposition by the United States person of the stock in the passive foreign investment company.

(h) Coordination with section 851(b)

For purposes of section 851(b)(2), any amount included in gross income under subsection (a) shall be treated as a dividend.

(i) Stock acquired from a decedent

In the case of stock of a passive foreign investment company which is acquired by bequest, devise, or inheritance (or by the decedent's estate) and with respect to which an election under this section was in effect as of the date of the decedent's death, notwithstanding section 1014, the basis of such stock in the hands of the person so acquiring it shall be the adjusted basis of such stock in the hands of the decedent immediately before his death (or, if lesser, the basis which would have been determined under section 1014 without regard to this subsection).

(j) Coordination with section 1291 for first year of election

(1) Taxpayers other than regulated investment companies

(A) In general

If the taxpayer elects the application of this section with respect to any marketable stock in a corporation after the beginning of the taxpayer's holding period in such stock, and if the requirements of subparagraph (B) are not satisfied, section 1291 shall apply to—

(i) any distributions with respect to, or disposition of, such stock in the first taxable year of the taxpayer for which such election is made, and

(ii) any amount which, but for section 1291, would have been included in gross income under subsection (a) with respect to such stock for such taxable year in the same manner as if such amount were gain on the disposition of such stock.

(B) Requirements

The requirements of this subparagraph are met if, with respect to each of such corporation's taxable years for which such corporation was a passive foreign investment company and which begin after December 31, 1986, and included any portion of the taxpayer's holding period in such stock, such corporation was treated as a qualified electing fund under this part with respect to the taxpayer.

(2) Special rules for regulated investment companies

(A) In general

If a regulated investment company elects the application of this section with respect to any marketable stock in a corporation after the beginning of the taxpayer's holding period in such stock, then, with respect to such company's first taxable year for which such company elects the application of this section with respect to such stock—

(i) section 1291 shall not apply to such stock with respect to any distribution or disposition during, or amount included in gross income under this section for, such first taxable year, but

(ii) such regulated investment company's tax under this chapter for such first taxable year shall be increased by the aggregate amount of interest which would have been determined under section 1291(c)(3) if section 1291 were applied without regard to this subparagraph.

Clause (ii) shall not apply if for the preceding taxable year the company elected to mark to market the stock held by such company as of the last day of such preceding taxable year.

(B) Disallowance of deduction

No deduction shall be allowed to any regulated investment company for the increase in tax under subparagraph (A)(ii).

(k) Election

This section shall apply to marketable stock in a passive foreign investment company which is held by a United States person only if such person elects to apply this section with respect to such stock. Such an election shall apply to the taxable year for which made and all subsequent taxable years unless—

(1) such stock ceases to be marketable stock, or

(2) the Secretary consents to the revocation of such election.

(l) Transition rule for individuals becoming subject to United States tax

If any individual becomes a United States person in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1997, solely for purposes of this section, the adjusted basis (before adjustments under subsection (b)) of any marketable stock in a passive foreign investment company owned by such individual on the first day of such taxable year shall be treated as being the greater of its fair market value on such first day or its adjusted basis on such first day.

(Added Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, §1122(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 972; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6011(c)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 107–16, title V, §542(e)(5)(C), June 7, 2001, 115 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 108–311, title IV, §408(a)(19), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1192; Pub. L. 111–312, title III, §301(a), Dec. 17, 2010, 124 Stat. 3300.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 11A of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(A)(i), is classified to section 78k–1 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1296 was renumbered section 1297 of this title.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–312 amended subsec. (i) to read as if amendment by Pub. L. 107–16, §542(e)(5)(C), had never been enacted. See 2001 Amendment note below.

2004—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–311 substituted "section 851(b)(2)" for "paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 851(b)".

2001—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–16, §542(e)(5)(C), struck out subsec. (i). Text read as follows: "In the case of stock of a passive foreign investment company which is acquired by bequest, devise, or inheritance (or by the decedent's estate) and with respect to which an election under this section was in effect as of the date of the decedent's death, notwithstanding section 1014, the basis of such stock in the hands of the person so acquiring it shall be the adjusted basis of such stock in the hands of the decedent immediately before his death (or, if lesser, the basis which would have been determined under section 1014 without regard to this subsection)."

1998—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–206 inserted at end "In the case of a regulated investment company which elected to mark to market the stock held by such company as of the last day of the taxable year preceding such company's first taxable year for which such company elects the application of this section, the amount referred to in paragraph (1) shall include amounts included in gross income under such mark to market with respect to such stock for prior taxable years."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–312 applicable to estates of decedents dying, and transfers made after Dec. 31, 2009, except as otherwise provided, see section 301(e) of Pub. L. 111–312, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2010 Amendment note under section 121 of this title.

Effective Date of 2001 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to estates of decedents dying after Dec. 31, 2009, see section 542(f)(1) of Pub. L. 107–16, set out as a note under section 121 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years of United States persons beginning after Dec. 31, 1997, and to taxable years of foreign corporations ending with or within such taxable years of United States persons, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as an Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note under section 532 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5681 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5681: Penalty relating to signs
Penalty relating to signs
Status: in_force

(a) Failure to post required sign

Every person engaged in distilled spirits operations who fails to post the sign required by section 5180(a) shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.

(b) Posting or displaying false sign

Every person, other than a distiller, warehouseman, or processor of distilled spirits who has received notice of registration of his plant under the provisions of section 5171(c), or other than a wholesale dealer in liquors who meets the requirements of section 5121(a) and section 5124 (or who is exempt from such requirements by reason of section 5121(b)), who puts up or keeps up any sign indicating that he may lawfully carry on the business of a distiller, warehouseman, or processor of distilled spirits, or wholesale dealer in liquors, as the case may be, shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.

(c) Premises where no sign is placed or kept

Every person who works in any distilled spirits plant on which no sign required by section 5180(a) is placed or kept, and every person who knowingly receives at, or carries or conveys any distilled spirits to or from any such distilled spirits plant or who knowingly carries or delivers any grain, molasses, or other raw material to any distilled spirits plant on which such a sign is not placed and kept, shall forfeit all vehicles, aircraft, or vessels used in carrying or conveying such property and shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.

(d) Presumption

Whenever on trial for violation of subsection (c) by working in a distilled spirits plant on which no sign required by section 5180(a) is placed or kept, the defendant is shown to have been present at such premises, such presence of the defendant shall be deemed sufficient evidence to authorize conviction, unless the defendant explains such presence to the satisfaction of the jury (or of the court when tried without jury).

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1410; amended Pub. L. 96–39, title VIII, §807(a)(58), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 289; Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, §1415(b)(1), (2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1047; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title I, §108(a), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1171.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5681, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 698, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–141 substituted "who meets the requirements of section 5121(a) and section 5124 (or who is exempt from such requirements by reason of section 5121(b))" for "who has paid the special tax (or who is exempt from payment of such special tax by reason of the provisions of section 5113(a))".

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–34, §1415(b)(1), struck out ", and every wholesale dealer in liquors," after "spirits operations" and "section 5115(a) or" after "sign required by".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–34, §1415(b)(2), substituted "on which no sign required by" for "or wholesale liquor establishment, on which no sign required by section 5115(a) or" and substituted "or who" for "or wholesale liquor establishment, or who".

1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–39, §807(a)(58)(A), substituted "distilled spirits operations" for "distilling, warehousing of distilled spirits, rectifying, or bottling of distilled spirits".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–39, §807(a)(58)(B), substituted "other than a distiller, warehouseman, or processor of distilled spirits" for "other than a distiller, warehouseman of distilled spirits, rectifier, or bottler of distilled spirits", "section 5171(c)" for "section 5171(a)", and "business of a distiller, warehouseman, or processor of distilled spirits" for "business of a distiller, bonded warehouseman, rectifier, bottler of distilled spirits".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–39, §807(a)(58)(C), substituted "in any distilled spirits plant" for "in any distillery, or in any rectifying, distilled spirits bottling", "such distilled spirits plant" for "such distillery, or to or from any such rectifying, distilled spirits bottling", and "to any distilled spirits plant" for "to any distillery".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–39, §807(a)(58)(D), substituted "distilled spirits plant" for "distillery or rectifying establishment".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title I, §108(b), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1171, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in section 11125 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users [Pub. L. 109–59]."

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, §1415(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1047, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and repealing section 5115 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997]."

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 810 of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 1959, see section 210(a)(1) of Pub. L. 85–859, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 6344 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 64 / Subchapter D / Section 6344: Cross references
Cross references
Status: in_force

(a) Length of period

For period within which levy may be begun in case of—

(1) Income, estate, and gift taxes, and taxes imposed by chapter 41, 42, 43, or 44, see sections 6502(a) and 6503(a)(1).

(2) Employment and miscellaneous excise taxes, see section 6502(a).

(b) Delinquent collection officers

For distraint proceedings against delinquent internal revenue officers, see section 7804(c).

(c) Other references

For provisions relating to—

(1) Stamps, marks and brands, see section 6807.

(2) Administration of real estate acquired by the United States, see section 7506.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 789; Pub. L. 91–172, title I, §101(j)(45), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 93–406, title II, §1016(a)(13), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 930; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIII, §1307(d)(2)(F)(v), title XVI, §1605(b)(8), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1728, 1755; Pub. L. 96–223, title I, §101(f)(1)(I), Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 252; Pub. L. 100–418, title I, §1941(b)(2)(B)(ix), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1323; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1104(b)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 710.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–206 substituted "section 7804(c)" for "section 7803(d)".

1988—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted "or 44" for "44, or 45".

1980—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–223 inserted reference to chapter 45.

1976—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94–455 inserted reference to chapters 41 and 44.

1974—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–406 inserted reference to chapter 43.

1969—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 91–172 inserted reference to chapter 42.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–418 applicable to crude oil removed from the premises on or after Aug. 23, 1988, see section 1941(c) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as a note under section 164 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–223 applicable to periods after Feb. 29, 1980, see section 101(i) of Pub. L. 96–223, set out as a note under section 6161 of this title.

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by section 1307(d)(2)(F)(v) of Pub. L. 94–455 effective on and after Oct. 4, 1976, see section 1307(e) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 501 of this title.

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–406 applicable, except as otherwise provided in section 1017(c) through (i) of Pub. L. 93–406, for plan years beginning after Sept. 2, 1974, but, in the case of plans in existence on Jan. 1, 1974, amendment by Pub. L. 93–406 applicable for plan years beginning after Dec. 31, 1975, see section 1017 of Pub. L. 93–406, set out as an Effective Date; Transitional Rules note under section 410 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 effective Jan. 1, 1970, see section 101(k)(1) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4940 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 5614 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5614: Burden of proof in cases of seizure of spirits
Burden of proof in cases of seizure of spirits
Status: in_force

Whenever seizure is made of any distilled spirits found elsewhere than on the premises of a distilled spirits plant, or than in any warehouse authorized by law, or than in the store or place of business of a wholesale liquor dealer, or than in transit from any one of said places; or of any distilled spirits found in any one of the places aforesaid, or in transit therefrom, which have not been received into or sent out therefrom in conformity to law, or in regard to which any of the entries required by law, or regulations issued pursuant thereto, to be made in respect of such spirits, have not been made at the time or in the manner required, or in respect to which any owner or person having possession, control, or charge of said spirits, has omitted to do any act required to be done, or has done or committed any act prohibited in regard to said spirits, the burden of proof shall be upon the claimant of said spirits to show that no fraud has been committed, and that all the requirements of the law in relation to the payment of the tax have been complied with.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1405.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5614, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 685, related to penalty and forfeiture for removal of spirits during prohibited hours, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859. See sections 5687 and 7301 of this title.

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in prior section 5649, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 694, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.
26 U.S.C. § 6038A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6038A: Information with respect to certain foreign-owned corporations
Information with respect to certain foreign-owned corporations
Status: in_force

(a) Requirement

If, at any time during a taxable year, a corporation (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "reporting corporation")—

(1) is a domestic corporation, and

(2) is 25-percent foreign-owned,

such corporation shall furnish, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe, the information described in subsection (b) and such corporation shall maintain (in the location, in the manner, and to the extent prescribed in regulations) such records as may be appropriate to determine the correct treatment of transactions with related parties as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe (or shall cause another person to so maintain such records).

(b) Required information

(1) In general

For purposes of subsection (a), the information described in this subsection is such information as the Secretary prescribes by regulations relating to—

(A) the name, principal place of business, nature of business, and country or countries in which organized or resident, of each person which—

(i) is a related party to the reporting corporation, and

(ii) had any transaction with the reporting corporation during its taxable year,

(B) the manner in which the reporting corporation is related to each person referred to in subparagraph (A), and

(C) transactions between the reporting corporation and each foreign person which is a related party to the reporting corporation.

(2) Additional information regarding base erosion payments

For purposes of subsection (a) and section 6038C, if the reporting corporation or the foreign corporation to whom section 6038C applies is an applicable taxpayer, the information described in this subsection shall include—

(A) such information as the Secretary determines necessary to determine the base erosion minimum tax amount, base erosion payments, and base erosion tax benefits of the taxpayer for purposes of section 59A for the taxable year, and

(B) such other information as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out such section.

For purposes of this paragraph, any term used in this paragraph which is also used in section 59A shall have the same meaning as when used in such section.

(c) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) 25-percent foreign-owned

A corporation is 25-percent foreign-owned if at least 25 percent of—

(A) the total voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or

(B) the total value of all classes of stock of such corporation,

is owned at any time during the taxable year by 1 foreign person (hereinafter in this section referred to as a "25-percent foreign shareholder").

(2) Related party

The term "related party" means—

(A) any 25-percent foreign shareholder of the reporting corporation,

(B) any person who is related (within the meaning of section 267(b) or 707(b)(1)) to the reporting corporation or to a 25-percent foreign shareholder of the reporting corporation, and

(C) any other person who is related (within the meaning of section 482) to the reporting corporation.

(3) Foreign person

The term "foreign person" means any person who is not a United States person. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term "United States person" has the meaning given to such term by section 7701(a)(30), except that any individual who is a citizen of any possession of the United States (but not otherwise a citizen of the United States) and who is not a resident of the United States shall not be treated as a United States person.

(4) Records

The term "records" includes any books, papers, or other data.

(5) Section 318 to apply

Section 318 shall apply for purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), except that—

(A) "10 percent" shall be substituted for "50 percent" in section 318(a)(2)(C), and

(B) subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section 318(a)(3) shall not be applied so as to consider a United States person as owning stock which is owned by a person who is not a United States person.

(d) Penalty for failure to furnish information or maintain records

(1) In general

If a reporting corporation—

(A) fails to furnish (within the time prescribed by regulations) any information described in subsection (b), or

(B) fails to maintain (or cause another to maintain) records as required by subsection (a),

such corporation shall pay a penalty of $25,000 for each taxable year with respect to which such failure occurs.

(2) Increase in penalty where failure continues after notification

If any failure described in paragraph (1) continues for more than 90 days after the day on which the Secretary mails notice of such failure to the reporting corporation, such corporation shall pay a penalty (in addition to the amount required under paragraph (1)) of $25,000 for each 30-day period (or fraction thereof) during which such failure continues after the expiration of such 90-day period.

(3) Reasonable cause

For purposes of this subsection, the time prescribed by regulations to furnish information or maintain records (and the beginning of the 90-day period after notice by the Secretary) shall be treated as not earlier than the last day on which (as shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary) reasonable cause existed for failure to furnish the information or maintain the records.

(e) Enforcement of requests for certain records

(1) Agreement to treat corporation as agent

The rules of paragraph (3) shall apply to any transaction between the reporting corporation and any related party who is a foreign person unless such related party agrees (in such manner and at such time as the Secretary shall prescribe) to authorize the reporting corporation to act as such related party's limited agent solely for purposes of applying sections 7602, 7603, and 7604 with respect to any request by the Secretary to examine records or produce testimony related to any such transaction or with respect to any summons by the Secretary for such records or testimony. The appearance of persons or production of records by reason of the reporting corporation being such an agent shall not subject such persons or records to legal process for any purpose other than determining the correct treatment under this title of any transaction between the reporting corporation and such related party.

(2) Rules where information not furnished

If—

(A) for purposes of determining the correct treatment under this title of any transaction between the reporting corporation and a related party who is a foreign person, the Secretary issues a summons to such corporation to produce (either directly or as agent for such related party) any records or testimony,

(B) such summons is not quashed in a proceeding begun under paragraph (4) and is not determined to be invalid in a proceeding begun under section 7604(b) to enforce such summons, and

(C) the reporting corporation does not substantially comply in a timely manner with such summons and the Secretary has sent by certified or registered mail a notice to such reporting corporation that such reporting corporation has not so substantially complied,

the Secretary may apply the rules of paragraph (3) with respect to such transaction (whether or not the Secretary begins a proceeding to enforce such summons). If the reporting corporation fails to maintain (or cause another to maintain) records as required by subsection (a), and by reason of that failure, the summons is quashed in a proceeding described in subparagraph (B) or the reporting corporation is not able to provide the records requested in the summons, the Secretary may apply the rules of paragraph (3) with respect to any transaction to which the records relate.

(3) Applicable rules in cases of noncompliance

If the rules of this paragraph apply to any transaction—

(A) the amount of the deduction allowed under subtitle A for any amount paid or incurred by the reporting corporation to the related party in connection with such transaction, and

(B) the cost to the reporting corporation of any property acquired in such transaction from the related party (or transferred by such corporation in such transaction to the related party),

shall be the amount determined by the Secretary in the Secretary's sole discretion from the Secretary's own knowledge or from such information as the Secretary may obtain through testimony or otherwise.

(4) Judicial proceedings

(A) Proceedings to quash

Notwithstanding any law or rule of law, any reporting corporation to which the Secretary issues a summons referred to in paragraph (2)(A) shall have the right to begin a proceeding to quash such summons not later than the 90th day after such summons was issued. In any such proceeding, the Secretary may seek to compel compliance with such summons.

(B) Review of secretarial determination of noncompliance

Notwithstanding any law or rule of law, any reporting corporation which has been notified by the Secretary that the Secretary has determined that such corporation has not substantially complied with a summons referred to in paragraph (2) shall have the right to begin a proceeding to review such determination not later than the 90th day after the day on which the notice referred to in paragraph (2)(C) was mailed. If such a proceeding is not begun on or before such 90th day, such determination by the Secretary shall be binding and shall not be reviewed by any court.

(C) Jurisdiction

The United States district court for the district in which the person (to whom the summons is issued) resides or is found shall have jurisdiction to hear any proceeding brought under subparagraph (A) or (B). Any order or other determination in such a proceeding shall be treated as a final order which may be appealed.

(D) Suspension of statute of limitations

If the reporting corporation brings an action under subparagraph (A) or (B), the running of any period of limitations under section 6501 (relating to assessment and collection of tax) or under section 6531 (relating to criminal prosecutions) with respect to any affected taxable year shall be suspended for the period during which such proceeding, and appeals therein, are pending. In no event shall any such period expire before the 90th day after the day on which there is a final determination in such proceeding. For purposes of this subparagraph, the term "affected taxable year" means any taxable year if the determination of the amount of tax imposed for such taxable year is affected by the treatment of the transaction to which the summons relates.

(f) Cross reference

For provisions relating to criminal penalties for violation of this section, see section 7203.

(Added Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §339(a), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 632; amended Pub. L. 97–448, title III, §306(b)(4), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2406; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title VII, §714(l), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 963; Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, §1245(a), (b)(1)–(4), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2581; Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7403(a)–(d), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2358, 2359; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §§11315(b)(1), 11704(a)(23), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–457, 1388–519; Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §§1702(c)(5), 1704(f)(5)(B), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1869, 1880; Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §14401(b), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2232.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–97, §14401(b)(1), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) described information required to be furnished by certain foreign-owned corporations.

Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 115–97, §14401(b)(2), substituted "$25,000" for "$10,000".

1996—Subsec. (b)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 104–188, §1704(f)(5)(B), inserted "and" at end of par. (2), substituted a period for ", and" at end of par. (3), and struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "such information as the Secretary may require for purposes of carrying out the provisions of section 453C."

Subsec. (e)(4)(D). Pub. L. 104–188, §1702(c)(5), substituted "any affected taxable year" for "any transaction to which the summons relates" and inserted at end "For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 'affected taxable year' means any taxable year if the determination of the amount of tax imposed for such taxable year is affected by the treatment of the transaction to which the summons relates."

1990—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §11315(b)(1), struck out "or is a foreign corporation engaged in trade or business within the United States" after "corporation".

Subsec. (c)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 101–508, §11704(a)(23), redesignated pars. (4) to (6) as (3) to (5), respectively.

1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–239, §7403(b), inserted before period at end "and such corporation shall maintain (in the location, in the manner, and to the extent prescribed in regulations) such records as may be appropriate to determine the correct treatment of transactions with related parties as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe (or shall cause another person to so maintain such records)".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–239, §7403(a)(1), amended par. (2) generally, substituting "is 25-percent foreign-owned," for "is controlled by a foreign person,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–239, §7403(a)(2), amended subsec. (c) generally, substituting pars. (1) to (6) for former pars. (1) to (3) defining "control", "related party", and "foreign person".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–239, §7403(c), inserted "or maintain records" after "information" in heading and amended text generally, making changes in substance and structure of pars. (1) to (3).

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 101–239, §7403(d), added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).

1986—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–514, §1245(a), substituted "each person" for "each corporation" in introductory provisions and amended subpar. (A) generally, substituting "related party to the reporting corporation" for "member of the same controlled group as the reporting corporation".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, §1245(b)(1), substituted "each person" for "each corporation".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99–514, §1245(b)(2), (3), amended par. (3) generally, substituting "foreign person which is a related party to the reporting corporation, and" for "foreign corporation which is a member of the same controlled group as the reporting corporation."

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 99–514, §1245(b)(3), added par. (4).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99–514, §1245(b)(4), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2), controlled group, read as follows: "The term 'controlled group' means any controlled group of corporations within the meaning of section 1563(a); except that—

"(A) 'at least 50 percent' shall be substituted—

"(i) for 'at least 80 percent' each place it appears in section 1563(a)(1), and

"(ii) for 'more than 50 percent' each place it appears in section 1563(a)(2)(B), and

"(B) the determination shall be made without regard to subsections (a)(4), (b)(2)(C), and (e)(3)(C) of section 1563."

1984—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–369 substituted section "6038(e)(1)" for "6038(d)(1)".

1983—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 97–448 inserted ", (b)(2)(C)," after "(a)(4)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to base erosion payments (as defined in section 59A(d) of this title) paid or accrued in taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 14401(e) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 26 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by section 1702(c)(5) of Pub. L. 104–188 effective, except as otherwise expressly provided, as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, to which such amendment relates, see section 1702(i) of Pub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section 38 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11315(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–457, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 6038C of this title and amending this section] shall apply to—

"(1) any requirement to furnish information under section 6038C(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) if the time for furnishing such information under such section is after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990],

"(2) any requirement under such section 6038C(a) to maintain records which were in existence on or after March 20, 1990,

"(3) any requirement to authorize a corporation to act as a limited agent under section 6038C(d)(1) of such Code (as so added) if the time for authorizing such action is after the date of the enactment of this Act, and

"(4) any summons issued after such date of enactment,

without regard to when the taxable year (to which the information, records, authorization, or summons relates) began."

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–239, title VII, §7403(e), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2361, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after July 10, 1989."

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, §1245(c), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2581, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6038 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effective as if included in the provision of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, to which such amendment relates, see section 715 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–448 effective as if included in the provisions of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, to which such amendment relates, see section 311(d) of Pub. L. 97–448, set out as a note under section 31 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 97–248, title III, §339(c), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 633, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982."

Applicability of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11314, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–455, provided that:

"(a) General Rule.—The amendments made by section 7403 of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1989 [Pub. L. 101–239, amending this section] shall apply to—

"(1) any requirement to furnish information under section 6038A(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by such section 7403) if the time for furnishing such information under such section is after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990],

"(2) any requirement under such section 6038A(a) to maintain records which were in existence on or after March 20, 1990,

"(3) any requirement to authorize a corporation to act as a limited agent under section 6038A(e)(1) of such Code (as so amended) if the time for authorizing such action is after the date of the enactment of this Act, and

"(4) any summons issued after such date of enactment,

without regard to when the taxable year (to which the information, records, authorization, or summons relates) began. Such amendments shall also apply in any case to which they would apply without regard to this section.

"(b) Continuation of Old Failures.—In the case of any failure with respect to a taxable year beginning on or before July 10, 1989, which first occurs on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] but which continues after such date of enactment, section 6038A(d)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by subsection (c) of such section 7403) shall apply for purposes of determining the amount of the penalty imposed for 30-day periods referred to in such section 6038A(d)(2) which begin after the date of the enactment of this Act."
26 U.S.C. § 6207 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 63 / Section 6207: Cross references
Cross references
Status: in_force

(1) For prohibition of suits to restrain assessment of any tax, see section 7421.

(2) For prohibition of assessment of taxes against insolvent banks, see section 7507.

(3) For assessment where property subject to tax has been sold in a distraint proceeding without the tax having been assessed prior to such sale, see section 6342.

(4) For assessment with respect to taxes required to be paid by chapter 52, see section 5703.

(5) For assessment in case of distilled spirits removed from place where distilled and not deposited in bonded warehouse, see section 5006(c).

(6) For period of limitation upon assessment, see chapter 66.

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 769, §6206; renumbered §6207, Apr. 2, 1956, ch. 160, §4(b)(1), 70 Stat. 90; amended Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §204(2), (3), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1428; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(a)(14), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1825.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Par. (7). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out par. (7) relating to cross reference for assessment under the provisions of the Tariff Act of 1930.

1958—Par. (4). Pub. L. 85–859, §204(2), substituted "with respect to taxes required to be paid by chapter 52, see section 5703" for "in case of sale or removal of tobacco, snuff, cigars, and cigarettes without the use of the proper stamps, see section 5703(d)".

Pars. (6) to (9). Pub. L. 85–859, §204(3), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (6) and (7), respectively, and struck out former pars. (6) and (7) which contained cross references relating to assessments in case of certain spirits subject to excessive leakage and to assessment of deficiencies in production of distilled spirits.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–859 effective Sept. 3, 1958, see section 210(a)(1) of Pub. L. 85–859, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5001 of this title.
26 U.S.C. § 7526A (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 77 / Section 7526A: Return preparation programs for applicable taxpayers
Return preparation programs for applicable taxpayers
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Matching Grant Program

The Secretary shall establish a Community Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Matching Grant Program under which the Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriated funds, make grants to provide matching funds for the development, expansion, or continuation of qualified return preparation programs assisting applicable taxpayers and members of underserved populations.

(b) Use of funds

(1) In general

Qualified return preparation programs may use grants received under this section for—

(A) ordinary and necessary costs associated with program operation in accordance with cost principles under the applicable Office of Management and Budget circular, including—

(i) wages or salaries of persons coordinating the activities of the program,

(ii) developing training materials, conducting training, and performing quality reviews of the returns prepared under the program,

(iii) equipment purchases, and

(iv) vehicle-related expenses associated with remote or rural tax preparation services,

(B) outreach and educational activities described in subsection (c)(2)(B), and

(C) services related to financial education and capability, asset development, and the establishment of savings accounts in connection with tax return preparation.

(2) Requirement of matching funds

A qualified return preparation program must provide matching funds on a dollar-for-dollar basis for all grants provided under this section. Matching funds may include—

(A) the salary (including fringe benefits) of individuals performing services for the program,

(B) the cost of equipment used in the program, and

(C) other ordinary and necessary costs associated with the program.

Indirect expenses, including general overhead of any entity administering the program, shall not be counted as matching funds.

(c) Application

(1) In general

Each applicant for a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(2) Priority

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to applications which demonstrate—

(A) assistance to applicable taxpayers, with emphasis on outreach to, and services for, such taxpayers,

(B) taxpayer outreach and educational activities relating to eligibility and availability of income supports available through this title, including the earned income tax credit, and

(C) specific outreach and focus on one or more underserved populations.

(3) Amounts taken into account

In determining matching grants under this section, the Secretary shall only take into account amounts provided by the qualified return preparation program for expenses described in subsection (b).

(d) Program adherence

(1) In general

The Secretary shall establish procedures for, and shall conduct not less frequently than once every 5 calendar years during which a qualified return preparation program is operating under a grant under this section, periodic site visits—

(A) to ensure the program is carrying out the purposes of this section, and

(B) to determine whether the program meets such program adherence standards as the Secretary shall by regulation or other guidance prescribe.

(2) Additional requirements for grant recipients not meeting program adherence standards

In the case of any qualified return preparation program which—

(A) is awarded a grant under this section, and

(B) is subsequently determined—

(i) not to meet the program adherence standards described in paragraph (1)(B), or

(ii) not to be otherwise carrying out the purposes of this section,

such program shall not be eligible for any additional grants under this section unless such program provides sufficient documentation of corrective measures established to address any such deficiencies determined.

(e) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Qualified return preparation program

The term "qualified return preparation program" means any program—

(A) which provides assistance to individuals, not less than 90 percent of whom are applicable taxpayers, in preparing and filing Federal income tax returns,

(B) which is administered by a qualified entity,

(C) in which all volunteers who assist in the preparation of Federal income tax returns meet the training requirements prescribed by the Secretary, and

(D) which uses a quality review process which reviews 100 percent of all returns.

(2) Qualified entity

(A) In general

The term "qualified entity" means any entity which—

(i) is an eligible organization,

(ii) is in compliance with Federal tax filing and payment requirements,

(iii) is not debarred or suspended from Federal contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements, and

(iv) agrees to provide documentation to substantiate any matching funds provided pursuant to the grant program under this section.

(B) Eligible organization

The term "eligible organization" means—

(i) an institution of higher education which is described in section 102 (other than subsection (a)(1)(C) thereof) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), as in effect on the date of the enactment of this section, and which has not been disqualified from participating in a program under title IV of such Act,

(ii) an organization described in section 501(c) and exempt from tax under section 501(a),

(iii) a local government agency, including—

(I) a county or municipal government agency, and

(II) an Indian tribe, as defined in section 4(13) of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4103(13)), including any tribally designated housing entity (as defined in section 4(22) of such Act (25 U.S.C. 4103(22))), tribal subsidiary, subdivision, or other wholly owned tribal entity,

(iv) a local, State, regional, or national coalition (with one lead organization which meets the eligibility requirements of clause (i), (ii), or (iii) acting as the applicant organization), or

(v) in the case of applicable taxpayers and members of underserved populations with respect to which no organizations described in the preceding clauses are available—

(I) a State government agency, or

(II) an office providing Cooperative Extension services (as established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914).

(3) Applicable taxpayers

The term "applicable taxpayer" means a taxpayer whose income for the taxable year does not exceed an amount equal to the completed phaseout amount under section 32(b) for a married couple filing a joint return with three or more qualifying children, as determined in a revenue procedure or other published guidance.

(4) Underserved population

The term "underserved population" includes populations of persons with disabilities, persons with limited English proficiency, Native Americans, individuals living in rural areas, members of the Armed Forces and their spouses, and the elderly.

(f) Special rules and limitations

(1) Duration of grants

Upon application of a qualified return preparation program, the Secretary is authorized to award a multi-year grant not to exceed 3 years.

(2) Aggregate limitation

Unless otherwise provided by specific appropriation, the Secretary shall not allocate more than $30 million per fiscal year (exclusive of costs of administering the program) to grants under this section.

(g) Promotion of programs

(1) In general

The Secretary shall promote tax preparation through qualified return preparation programs through the use of mass communications and other means.

(2) Provision of information regarding qualified return preparation programs

The Secretary may provide taxpayers information regarding qualified return preparation programs receiving grants under this section.

(3) Referrals to low-income taxpayer clinics

Qualified return preparation programs receiving a grant under this section are encouraged, in appropriate cases, to—

(A) advise taxpayers of the availability of, and eligibility requirements for receiving, advice and assistance from qualified low-income taxpayer clinics receiving funding under section 7526, and

(B) provide information regarding the location of, and contact information for, such clinics.

(Added Pub. L. 116–25, title I, §1401(a), July 1, 2019, 133 Stat. 993.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Higher Education Act of 1965 and such Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(B)(i), are Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219. Title IV of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IV (§1070 et seq.) of chapter 28 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of Pub. L. 89–329, set out as a Short Title note under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.

The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(B)(i), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 116–25, which was approved July 1, 2019.

The Smith-Lever Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(B)(v)(II), is act May 8, 1914, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§341 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 341 of Title 7 and Tables.
26 U.S.C. § 6039F (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 61 / Section 6039F: Notice of large gifts received from foreign persons
Notice of large gifts received from foreign persons
Status: in_force

(a) In general

If the value of the aggregate foreign gifts received by a United States person (other than an organization described in section 501(c) and exempt from tax under section 501(a)) during any taxable year exceeds $10,000, such United States person shall furnish (at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe) such information as the Secretary may prescribe regarding each foreign gift received during such year.

(b) Foreign gift

For purposes of this section, the term "foreign gift" means any amount received from a person other than a United States person which the recipient treats as a gift or bequest. Such term shall not include any qualified transfer (within the meaning of section 2503(e)(2)) or any distribution properly disclosed in a return under section 6048(c).

(c) Penalty for failure to file information

(1) In general

If a United States person fails to furnish the information required by subsection (a) with respect to any foreign gift within the time prescribed therefor (including extensions)—

(A) the tax consequences of the receipt of such gift shall be determined by the Secretary, and

(B) such United States person shall pay (upon notice and demand by the Secretary and in the same manner as tax) an amount equal to 5 percent of the amount of such foreign gift for each month for which the failure continues (not to exceed 25 percent of such amount in the aggregate).

(2) Reasonable cause exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any failure to report a foreign gift if the United States person shows that the failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect.

(d) Cost-of-living adjustment

In the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1996, the $10,000 amount under subsection (a) shall be increased by an amount equal to the product of such amount and the cost-of-living adjustment for such taxable year under section 1(f)(3), except that subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof shall be applied by substituting "1995" for "2016".

(e) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1905(a), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1913; amended Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §11002(d)(13), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2062.)

Inflation Adjusted Items for Certain Years

For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 6039F was renumbered section 6039G of this title.

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–97 substituted "subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof shall be applied by substituting '1995' for '2016' " for "subparagraph (B) thereof shall be applied by substituting '1995' for '1992' ".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after Dec. 31, 2017, see section 11002(e) of Pub. L. 115–97, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 104–188, title I, §1905(c), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1913, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to amounts received after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 20, 1996] in taxable years ending after such date."
26 U.S.C. § 5364 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5364: Wine imported in bulk
Wine imported in bulk
Status: in_force

Natural wine (as defined in section 5381) imported or brought into the United States in bulk containers may, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, be withdrawn from customs custody and transferred in such bulk containers to the premises of a bonded wine cellar without payment of the internal revenue tax imposed on such wine. The proprietor of a bonded wine cellar to which such wine is transferred shall become liable for the tax on the wine withdrawn from customs custody under this section upon release of the wine from customs custody, and the importer, or the person bringing such wine into the United States, shall thereupon be relieved of the liability for such tax.

(Added Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, §1422(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1050; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title VI, §6014(b)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 820.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5364, added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1381, limited proprietors of bonded wine cellars or taxpaid wine bottling houses to the production, reception, storage, or use of only standard wine, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–39, title VIII, §§807(a)(46), 810, July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 287, 292, eff. Jan. 1, 1980.

Another prior section 5364, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 665, consisted of provisions similar to those comprising this section, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–206 substituted "Natural wine (as defined in section 5381) imported or brought into" for "Wine imported or brought into" in first sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–206 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 6024 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, §1422(c), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1050, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall take effect on the 1st day of the 1st calendar quarter that begins at least 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997]."
26 U.S.C. § 1043 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 1 / Section 1043: Sale of property to comply with conflict-of-interest requirements
Sale of property to comply with conflict-of-interest requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Nonrecognition of gain

If an eligible person sells any property pursuant to a certificate of divestiture, at the election of the taxpayer, gain from such sale shall be recognized only to the extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds the cost (to the extent not previously taken into account under this subsection) of any permitted property purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period beginning on the date of such sale.

(b) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) Eligible person

The term "eligible person" means—

(A) an officer or employee of the executive branch, or a judicial officer, of the Federal Government, but does not mean a special Government employee as defined in section 202 of title 18, United States Code, and

(B) any spouse or minor or dependent child whose ownership of any property is attributable under any statute, regulation, rule, judicial canon, or executive order referred to in paragraph (2) to a person referred to in subparagraph (A).

(2) Certificate of divestiture

The term "certificate of divestiture" means any written determination—

(A) that states that divestiture of specific property is reasonably necessary to comply with any Federal conflict of interest statute, regulation, rule, judicial canon, or executive order (including section 208 of title 18, United States Code), or requested by a congressional committee as a condition of confirmation,

(B) that has been issued by the President or the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, in the case of executive branch officers or employees, or by the Judicial Conference of the United States (or its designee), in the case of judicial officers, and

(C) that identifies the specific property to be divested.

(3) Permitted property

The term "permitted property" means any obligation of the United States or any diversified investment fund approved by regulations issued by the Office of Government Ethics.

(4) Purchase

The taxpayer shall be considered to have purchased any permitted property if, but for subsection (c), the unadjusted basis of such property would be its cost within the meaning of section 1012.

(5) Special rule for trusts

For purposes of this section, the trustee of a trust shall be treated as an eligible person with respect to property which is held in the trust if—

(A) any person referred to in paragraph (1)(A) has a beneficial interest in the principal or income of the trust, or

(B) any person referred to in paragraph (1)(B) has a beneficial interest in the principal or income of the trust and such interest is attributable under any statute, regulation, rule, judicial canon, or executive order referred to in paragraph (2) to a person referred to in paragraph (1)(A).

(6) Judicial officer

The term "judicial officer" means the Chief Justice of the United States, the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, and the judges of the United States courts of appeals, United States district courts, including the district courts in Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands, Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Court of International Trade, Tax Court, Court of Federal Claims, Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, and any court created by Act of Congress, the judges of which are entitled to hold office during good behavior.

(c) Basis adjustments

If gain from the sale of any property is not recognized by reason of subsection (a), such gain shall be applied to reduce (in the order acquired) the basis for determining gain or loss of any permitted property which is purchased by the taxpayer during the 60-day period described in subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §502(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1754; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §6(a)(1), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11703(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–516; Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, §418(a), (b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2966.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–432, §418(a)(1)(A), inserted ", or a judicial officer," after "executive branch".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B), (2)(A). Pub. L. 109–432, §418(a)(1)(B), (2)(A), inserted "judicial canon," after "rule,".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–432, §418(a)(2)(B), inserted "in the case of executive branch officers or employees, or by the Judicial Conference of the United States (or its designee), in the case of judicial officers," after "Ethics,".

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 109–432, §418(a)(3), inserted "judicial canon," after "rule,".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–432, §418(b), added par. (6).

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508 substituted "to the extent not previously taken into account under this subsection" for "reduced by any basis adjustment under subsection (c) attributable to a prior sale".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 101–280 added par. (5).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–432, div. A, title IV, §418(c), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2967, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to sales after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2006]."

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, §11703(a)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–517, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to sales after November 30, 1989."

Pub. L. 101–280, §6(a)(3), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 160, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] and the provisions of paragraph (2) [set out below] shall apply to sales after November 30, 1989."

Effective Date

Section applicable to sales after Nov. 30, 1989, see section 502(c) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as an Effective Date of 1989 Amendment note under section 1016 of this title.

Property Sold Before June 19, 1990

Pub. L. 101–280, §6(a)(2), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 160, provided that:

"(A) For purposes of section 1043 of such Code—

"(i) any property sold before June 19, 1990, shall be treated as sold pursuant to a certificate of divestiture (as defined in subsection (b)(2) thereof) if such a certificate is issued with respect to such sale before such date, and

"(ii) in any such case, the 60-day period referred to in subsection (a) thereof shall not expire before the end of the 60-day period beginning on the date on which the certificate of divestiture was issued.

"(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), section 1043 of such Code shall not apply to any sale before April 19, 1990, unless—

"(i) the sale was made in order to comply with an ethics agreement or pursuant to specific direction from the appropriate agency or confirming committee, and

"(ii) the justification for the sale meets the criteria set forth in subsection (b)(2)(A) thereof as implemented by the interim regulations implementing such section 1043, published on April 18, 1990."
26 U.S.C. § 5609 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 51 / Section 5609: Destruction of unregistered stills, distilling apparatus, equipment, and materials
Destruction of unregistered stills, distilling apparatus, equipment, and materials
Status: in_force

(a) General

In the case of seizure elsewhere than on premises qualified under this chapter of any unregistered still, distilling or fermenting equipment or apparatus, or distilling or fermenting material, for any offense involving forfeiture of the same, where it shall be impracticable to remove the same to a place of safe storage from the place where seized, the seizing officer is authorized to destroy the same. In the case of seizure, other than on premises qualified under this chapter or in transit thereto or therefrom, of any distilled spirits on which the tax has not been paid or determined, for any offense involving forfeiture of the same, the seizing officer is authorized to destroy the distilled spirits forthwith. Any destruction under this subsection shall be in the presence of at least one credible witness. The seizing officer shall make such report of said seizure and destruction and take such samples as the Secretary may require.

(b) Claims

Within 1 year after destruction made pursuant to subsection (a) the owner of, including any person having an interest in, the property so destroyed may make application to the Secretary for reimbursement of the value of such property. If the claimant establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that—

(1) such property had not been used in violation of law; or

(2) any unlawful use of such property had been without his consent or knowledge,

the Secretary shall make an allowance to such claimant not exceeding the value of the property destroyed.

(Added Pub. L. 85–859, title II, §201, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1403; amended Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, §1906(b)(13)(A), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5609, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 685, related to penalty in connection to return of materials used in the manufacture of distilled spirits, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859. See section 5605 of this title.

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in prior section 5623, act Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 687, prior to the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 85–859.

Amendments

1976—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "or his delegate" after "Secretary" wherever appearing.
26 U.S.C. § 4960 (2024) — Title 26: INTERNAL REVENUE CODE / Chapter 42 / Subchapter D / Section 4960: Tax on excess tax-exempt organization executive compensation
Tax on excess tax-exempt organization executive compensation
Status: in_force

(a) Tax imposed

There is hereby imposed a tax equal to the product of the rate of tax under section 11 and the sum of—

(1) so much of the remuneration paid (other than any excess parachute payment) by an applicable tax-exempt organization for the taxable year with respect to employment of any covered employee in excess of $1,000,000, plus

(2) any excess parachute payment paid by such an organization to any covered employee.

For purposes of the preceding sentence, remuneration shall be treated as paid when there is no substantial risk of forfeiture (within the meaning of section 457(f)(3)(B)) of the rights to such remuneration.

(b) Liability for tax

The employer shall be liable for the tax imposed under subsection (a).

(c) Definitions and special rules

For purposes of this section—

(1) Applicable tax-exempt organization

The term "applicable tax-exempt organization" means any organization which for the taxable year—

(A) is exempt from taxation under section 501(a),

(B) is a farmers' cooperative organization described in section 521(b)(1),

(C) has income excluded from taxation under section 115(1), or

(D) is a political organization described in section 527(e)(1).

(2) Covered employee

For purposes of this section, the term "covered employee" means any employee (including any former employee) of an applicable tax-exempt organization if the employee—

(A) is one of the 5 highest compensated employees of the organization for the taxable year, or

(B) was a covered employee of the organization (or any predecessor) for any preceding taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016.

(3) Remuneration

For purposes of this section:

(A) In general

The term "remuneration" means wages (as defined in section 3401(a)), except that such term shall not include any designated Roth contribution (as defined in section 402A(c)) and shall include amounts required to be included in gross income under section 457(f).

(B) Exception for remuneration for medical services

The term "remuneration" shall not include the portion of any remuneration paid to a licensed medical professional (including a veterinarian) which is for the performance of medical or veterinary services by such professional.

(4) Remuneration from related organizations

(A) In general

Remuneration of a covered employee by an applicable tax-exempt organization shall include any remuneration paid with respect to employment of such employee by any related person or governmental entity.

(B) Related organizations

A person or governmental entity shall be treated as related to an applicable tax-exempt organization if such person or governmental entity—

(i) controls, or is controlled by, the organization,

(ii) is controlled by one or more persons which control the organization,

(iii) is a supported organization (as defined in section 509(f)(3)) during the taxable year with respect to the organization,

(iv) is a supporting organization described in section 509(a)(3) during the taxable year with respect to the organization, or

(v) in the case of an organization which is a voluntary employees' beneficiary association described in section 501(c)(9), establishes, maintains, or makes contributions to such voluntary employees' beneficiary association.

(C) Liability for tax

In any case in which remuneration from more than one employer is taken into account under this paragraph in determining the tax imposed by subsection (a), each such employer shall be liable for such tax in an amount which bears the same ratio to the total tax determined under subsection (a) with respect to such remuneration as—

(i) the amount of remuneration paid by such employer with respect to such employee, bears to

(ii) the amount of remuneration paid by all such employers to such employee.

(5) Excess parachute payment

For purposes of determining the tax imposed by subsection (a)(2)—

(A) In general

The term "excess parachute payment" means an amount equal to the excess of any parachute payment over the portion of the base amount allocated to such payment.

(B) Parachute payment

The term "parachute payment" means any payment in the nature of compensation to (or for the benefit of) a covered employee if—

(i) such payment is contingent on such employee's separation from employment with the employer, and

(ii) the aggregate present value of the payments in the nature of compensation to (or for the benefit of) such individual which are contingent on such separation equals or exceeds an amount equal to 3 times the base amount.

(C) Exception

Such term does not include any payment—

(i) described in section 280G(b)(6) (relating to exemption for payments under qualified plans),

(ii) made under or to an annuity contract described in section 403(b) or a plan described in section 457(b),

(iii) to a licensed medical professional (including a veterinarian) to the extent that such payment is for the performance of medical or veterinary services by such professional, or

(iv) to an individual who is not a highly compensated employee as defined in section 414(q).

(D) Base amount

Rules similar to the rules of 280G(b)(3) shall apply for purposes of determining the base amount.

(E) Property transfers; present value

Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 280G(d) shall apply.

(6) Coordination with deduction limitation

Remuneration the deduction for which is not allowed by reason of section 162(m) shall not be taken into account for purposes of this section.

(d) Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to prevent avoidance of the tax under this section, including regulations to prevent avoidance of such tax through the performance of services other than as an employee or by providing compensation through a pass-through or other entity to avoid such tax.

(Added Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13602(a), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2157.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 115–97, title I, §13602(c), Dec. 22, 2017, 131 Stat. 2159, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017."