34 U.S.C. § 10701 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXVIII / Section 10701: Description
Description
Status: in_force

(a) Grants authorized

From amounts made available to carry out this subchapter, the Attorney General may make grants to States, units of local government, and Indian tribes, for use by the State, unit of local government, or Indian tribe to provide services primarily relating to opioid abuse, including for any one or more of the following:

(1) Developing, implementing, or expanding a treatment alternative to incarceration program, which may include—

(A) prebooking or postbooking components, which may include the activities described in subchapter XXIX or XXXIII of this chapter;

(B) training for criminal justice agency personnel on substance use disorders and co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders;

(C) a mental health court, including the activities described in subchapter XXI of this chapter;

(D) a drug court, including the activities described in subchapter XXX of this chapter;

(E) a veterans treatment court program, including the activities described in subsection (i) of section 10651 of this title;

(F) a focus on parents whose incarceration could result in their children entering the child welfare system;

(G) a community-based substance use diversion program sponsored by a law enforcement agency; and

(H) a pilot program for rural areas to implement community response programs that focus on reducing opioid overdose deaths, which may include presenting alternatives to incarceration, as described in subsection (f).

(2) In the case of a State, facilitating or enhancing planning and collaboration between State criminal justice agencies and State substance abuse agencies in order to more efficiently and effectively carry out activities or services described in any paragraph of this subsection that address problems related to opioid abuse.

(3) Providing training and resources for first responders on carrying and administering an opioid overdose reversal drug or device approved or cleared by the Food and Drug Administration, and purchasing such a drug or device for first responders who have received such training to so carry and administer.

(4) Locating or investigating illicit activities related to the unlawful distribution of opioids.

(5) Developing, implementing, or expanding a medication-assisted treatment program used or operated by a criminal justice agency, which may include training criminal justice agency personnel on medication-assisted treatment, and carrying out the activities described in subchapter XVIII of this chapter.

(6) In the case of a State, developing, implementing, or expanding a prescription drug monitoring program to collect and analyze data related to the prescribing of schedules II, III, and IV controlled substances through a centralized database administered by an authorized State agency, which includes tracking the dispensation of such substances, and providing for interoperability and data sharing with each other such program in each other State, and with any interstate entity that shares information between such programs.

(7) Developing, implementing, or expanding a program to prevent and address opioid abuse by juveniles.

(8) Developing, implementing, or expanding a program (which may include demonstration projects) to utilize technology that provides a secure container for prescription drugs that would prevent or deter individuals, particularly adolescents, from gaining access to opioid medications that are lawfully prescribed for other individuals.

(9) Developing, implementing, or expanding a prescription drug take-back program.

(10) Developing, implementing, or expanding an integrated and comprehensive opioid abuse response program.

(b) Contracts and subawards

A State, unit of local government, or Indian tribe may, in using a grant under this subchapter for purposes authorized by subsection (a), use all or a portion of that grant to contract with, or make one or more subawards to, one or more—

(1) local or regional organizations that are private and nonprofit, including faith-based organizations;

(2) units of local government; or

(3) tribal organizations.

(c) Program assessment component; waiver

(1) Program assessment component

Each program funded under this subchapter shall contain a program assessment component, developed pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, in coordination with the National Institute of Justice.

(2) Waiver

The Attorney General may waive the requirement of paragraph (1) with respect to a program if, in the opinion of the Attorney General, the program is not of sufficient size to justify a full program assessment.

(d) Administrative costs

Not more than 10 percent of a grant made under this subchapter may be used for costs incurred to administer such grant.

(e) Period

The period of a grant made under this subchapter may not be longer than 4 years, except that renewals and extensions beyond that period may be granted at the discretion of the Attorney General.

(f) Rural pilot program

(1) In general

The pilot program described under this subsection shall make grants to rural areas to implement community response programs to reduce opioid overdose deaths. Grants issued under this subsection shall be jointly operated by units of local government, in collaboration with public safety and public health agencies or public safety, public health and behavioral health collaborations. A community response program under this subsection shall identify gaps in community prevention, treatment, and recovery services for individuals who encounter the criminal justice system and shall establish treatment protocols to address identified shortcomings. The Attorney General, through the Office of Justice Programs, shall increase the amount provided as a grant under this section for a pilot program by no more than five percent for each of the two years following certification by the Attorney General of the submission of data by the rural area on the prescribing of schedules II, III, and IV controlled substances to a prescription drug monitoring program, or any other centralized database administered by an authorized State agency, which includes tracking the dispensation of such substances, and providing for interoperability and data sharing with each other such program (including an electronic health records system) in each other State, and with any interstate entity that shares information between such programs.

(2) Rules of construction

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to—

(A) direct or encourage a State to use a specific interstate data sharing program; or

(B) limit or prohibit the discretion of a prescription drug monitoring program for interoperability connections to other programs (including electronic health records systems, hospital systems, pharmacy dispensing systems, or health information exchanges).

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §3021, as added Pub. L. 114–198, title II, §201(a)(1), July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 711; amended Pub. L. 117–250, §2, Dec. 20, 2022, 136 Stat. 2352.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797ff of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 117–250, §2(1), added subpar. (H).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–250, §2(2), added subsec. (f).
34 U.S.C. § 21901 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 219 / Section 21901: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) AMBER Alert communications network

The term "AMBER Alert communications network" means the AMBER Alert communications network established under subtitle A of title III of the PROTECT Act (34 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.).

(2) Ashanti Alert

The term "Ashanti Alert" means an alert issued through the Ashanti Alert communications network, related to a missing adult.

(3) Ashanti Alert communications network

The term "Ashanti Alert communications network" means the national communications network established by the Attorney General under section 21902(a) of this title.

(4) Ashanti Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice; Coordinator

The term "Ashanti Alert Coordinator of the Department of Justice" or "Coordinator" means the employee designated by the Attorney General to act as the national coordinator of the Ashanti Alert communications network under section 21903(a) of this title.

(5) Ashanti Alert plan

The term "Ashanti Alert plan" means a local element of the Ashanti Alert communications network.

(6) Indian Tribe

The term "Indian Tribe" means a federally recognized Indian Tribe or a Native village, Regional Corporation, or Village Corporation (as those terms are defined in section 1602 of title 43).

(7) Missing adult

The term "missing adult" means an individual who—

(A) is older than the age for which an alert may be issued through the AMBER Alert communications network in the State or territory of an Indian Tribe in which the individual is identified as a missing individual;

(B) is identified by a law enforcement agency as a missing individual; and

(C) meets the requirements to be designated as a missing adult, as determined by the State in which, or the Indian Tribe in the territory of which, the individual is identified as a missing individual.

(8) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Pub. L. 106–468, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 115–401, §2(5), Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5336.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The PROTECT Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 108–21, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 650, also known as the Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003. Subtitle A of title III of the Act is classified generally to chapter 205 (§20501 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2003 Amendment note set out under section 1 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and Tables.
34 U.S.C. § 10612 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXX / Section 10612: Prohibition of participation by violent offenders
Prohibition of participation by violent offenders
Status: in_force

The Attorney General shall—

(1) issue regulations or guidelines to ensure that the programs authorized in this subchapter do not permit participation by violent offenders; and

(2) immediately suspend funding for any grant under this subchapter, pending compliance, if the Attorney General finds that violent offenders are participating in any program funded under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2952, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2301(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1795.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797u–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 110–199, title I, §103(c), Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 668, provided that: "Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 9, 2008], the Secretary [probably should be "the Attorney General"] shall revise any regulations or guidelines described in section 2952 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u–1) [now 34 U.S.C. 10612] in accordance with the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 10613 of this title]. Such regulations shall specify that grant amounts under part EE of such Act [34 U.S.C. 10611 et seq.] shall be reduced for any drug court that does not adopt the definition of 'violent offender' under such part, as amended by subsection (a) of this section, within 3 years after such date of enactment."
34 U.S.C. § 50322 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 503 / Subchapter II / Section 50322: Nominations
Nominations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A State or local agency head may nominate for a State and Local Law Enforcement Badge an individual—

(1) who is a State or local law enforcement officer working within the agency of the State or local agency head making the nomination; and

(2) who—

(A)(i) sustained a physical injury while—

(I) engaged in the lawful duties of the individual; and

(II) performing an act characterized as bravery by the State or local agency head making the nomination; and

(ii) put the individual at personal risk when the injury described in clause (i) occurred; or

(B) while not injured, performed an act characterized as bravery by the State or local agency head making the nomination that placed the individual at risk of serious physical injury or death.

(b) Contents

A nomination under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) a written narrative, of not more than 2 pages, describing the circumstances under which the nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a) and how the circumstances meet the criteria described in such subsection;

(2) the full name of the nominee;

(3) the home mailing address of the nominee;

(4) the agency in which the nominee served on the date when such nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a);

(5) the occupational title and grade or rank of the nominee;

(6) the field office address of the nominee on the date when such nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a); and

(7) the number of years of government service by the nominee as of the date when such nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a).

(c) Submission deadline

A State or local agency head shall submit each nomination under subsection (a) to the Office not later than February 15 of the year following the date on which the nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 110–298, title II, §202, July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2990.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 15252 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 30109 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 301 / Section 30109: National strategy, classification, and reporting on cybercrime
National strategy, classification, and reporting on cybercrime
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Computer

The term "computer" includes a computer network and any interactive electronic device.

(2) Cybercrime against individuals

The term "cybercrime against individuals" has the meaning given the term in section 30107 of this title.

(b) National strategy

The Attorney General shall develop a national strategy to—

(1) reduce the incidence of cybercrimes against individuals;

(2) coordinate investigations of cybercrimes against individuals by Federal law enforcement agencies;

(3) increase the number of Federal prosecutions of cybercrimes against individuals; and

(4) develop an evaluation process that measures rates of cybercrime victimization and prosecutorial rates among Tribal and culturally specific communities.

(c) Classification of cybercrimes against individuals for purposes of crime reports

In accordance with the authority of the Attorney General under section 534 of title 28, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall—

(1) design and create within the Uniform Crime Reports a category for offenses that constitute cybercrimes against individuals;

(2) to the extent feasible, within the category established under paragraph (1), establish subcategories for each type of cybercrime against individuals that is an offense under Federal or State law;

(3) classify the category established under paragraph (1) as a Part I crime in the Uniform Crime Reports; and

(4) classify each type of cybercrime against individuals that is an offense under Federal or State law as a Group A offense for the purpose of the National Incident-Based Reporting System.

(d) Annual summary

The Attorney General shall publish an annual summary of the information reported in the Uniform Crime Reports and the National Incident-Based Reporting System relating to cybercrimes against individuals, including an evaluation of the implementation process for the national strategy developed under subsection (b) and outcome measurements on its impact on Tribal and culturally specific communities.

(Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title XIV, §1403, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 950.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as a note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

National Strategy, Classification, and Reporting on Cybercrime

Pub. L. 117–347, title III, §311(a), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6205, provided that:

"(a) National Strategy.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall develop a national strategy, which shall be developed to supplement, not duplicate, the National Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking and the National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction of the Department of Justice, to—

"(1) reduce the incidence of cybercrimes against individuals;

"(2) coordinate investigations of cybercrimes against individuals by Federal law enforcement agencies; and

"(3) increase the number of Federal prosecutions of cybercrimes against individuals."

[For definition of "cybercrime against individuals" as used in section 311(a) of Pub. L. 117–347, set out above, see section 30107(a) of this title, as made applicable by section 3 of Pub. L. 117–347, which is set out as a note under section 20145 of this title.]

Better Cybercrime Metrics

Pub. L. 117–116, May 5, 2022, 136 Stat. 1180, as amended by Pub. L. 117–347, title III, §311(b), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6205, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Better Cybercrime Metrics Act'.

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

"Congress finds the following:

"(1) Public polling indicates that cybercrime could be the most common crime in the United States.

"(2) The United States lacks comprehensive cybercrime data and monitoring, leaving the country less prepared to combat cybercrime that threatens national and economic security.

"(3) In addition to existing cybercrime vulnerabilities, the people of the United States and the United States have faced a heightened risk of cybercrime during the COVID–19 pandemic.

"(4) Subsection (c) of the Uniform Federal Crime Reporting Act of 1988 (34 U.S.C. 41303(c)) requires the Attorney General to 'acquire, collect, classify, and preserve national data on Federal criminal offenses as part of the Uniform Crime Reports' and requires all Federal departments and agencies that investigate criminal activity to 'report details about crime within their respective jurisdiction to the Attorney General in a uniform matter and on a form prescribed by the Attorney General'.

"SEC. 3. CYBERCRIME TAXONOMY.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [May 5, 2022], the Attorney General shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to develop a taxonomy for the purpose of categorizing different types of cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime faced by individuals and businesses.

"(b) Development.—In developing the taxonomy under subsection (a), the National Academy of Sciences shall—

"(1) ensure the taxonomy is useful for the Federal Bureau of Investigation to classify cybercrime in the National Incident-Based Reporting System, or any successor system;

"(2) consult relevant stakeholders, including—

"(A) the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of Homeland Security;

"(B) Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies;

"(C) criminologists and academics;

"(D) cybercrime experts; and

"(E) business leaders; and

"(3) take into consideration relevant taxonomies developed by non-governmental organizations, international organizations, academies, or other entities.

"(c) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date on which the Attorney General enters into an agreement under subsection (a), the National Academy of Sciences shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, which shall include the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, a report detailing and summarizing—

"(1) the taxonomy developed under subsection (a); and

"(2) any findings from the process of developing the taxonomy under subsection (a).

"(d) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000.

"SEC. 4. CYBERCRIME REPORTING.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall establish a category in the National Incident-Based Reporting System, or any successor system, for the collection of cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime reports from Federal, State, and local officials.

"(b) Recommendations.—In establishing the category required under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall, as appropriate, incorporate recommendations from the taxonomy developed under section 3(a).

"SEC. 5. NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 540 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in coordination with the Director of the Bureau of the Census, shall include questions relating to cybercrime victimization in the National Crime Victimization Survey.

"(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $2,000,000.

"SEC. 6. GAO STUDY ON CYBERCRIME METRICS.

"Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that assesses—

"(1) the effectiveness of reporting mechanisms for cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime in the United States; and

"(2) disparities in reporting data between—

"(A) data relating to cybercrime and cyber-enabled crime; and

"(B) other types of crime data."

Definitions

For definitions of terms used in this section, see section 12291 of this title, as made applicable by section 2(b) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, which is set out as a note under section 12291 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 60553 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 605 / Subchapter II / Section 60553: Addressing the needs of children of incarcerated parents
Addressing the needs of children of incarcerated parents
Status: in_force

(a) Best practices

(1) In general

From amounts made available to carry out this section, the Attorney General may collect data and develop best practices of State corrections departments and child protection agencies relating to the communication and coordination between such State departments and agencies to ensure the safety and support of children of incarcerated parents (including those in foster care and kinship care), and the support of parent-child relationships between incarcerated (and formerly incarcerated) parents and their children, as appropriate to the health and well-being of the children.

(2) Contents

The best practices developed under paragraph (1) shall include information related to policies, procedures, and programs that may be used by States to address—

(A) maintenance of the parent-child bond during incarceration;

(B) parental self-improvement; and

(C) parental involvement in planning for the future and well-being of their children.

(b) Dissemination to States

Not later than 1 year after the development of best practices described in subsection (a), the Attorney General shall disseminate to States and other relevant entities such best practices.

(c) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that States and other relevant entities should use the best practices developed and disseminated in accordance with this section to evaluate and improve the communication and coordination between State corrections departments and child protection agencies to ensure the safety and support of children of incarcerated parents (including those in foster care and kinship care), and the support of parent-child relationships between incarcerated (and formerly incarcerated) parents and their children, as appropriate to the health and well-being of the children.

(Pub. L. 110–199, title II, §243, Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 691.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 17553 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12461 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12461: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress finds that—

(1) the former United States Advisory Board on Child Abuse suggests that domestic violence may be the single major precursor to child abuse and neglect fatalities in this country;

(2) studies suggest that as many as 10,000,000 children witness domestic violence every year;

(3) studies suggest that among children and teenagers, recent exposure to violence in the home was a significant factor in predicting a child's violent behavior;

(4) a study by the Nurse-Family Partnership found that children whose parents did not participate in home visitation programs that provided coaching in parenting skills, advice and support, were almost 5 times more likely to be abused in their first 2 years of life;

(5) a child's exposure to domestic violence seems to pose the greatest independent risk for being the victim of any act of partner violence as an adult;

(6) children exposed to domestic violence are more likely to believe that using violence is an effective means of getting one's needs met and managing conflict in close relationships;

(7) children exposed to abusive parenting, harsh or erratic discipline, or domestic violence are at increased risk for juvenile crime; and

(8) in a national survey of more than 6,000 American families, 50 percent of men who frequently assaulted their wives also frequently abused their children.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §41301, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title IV, §401, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3017.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14043d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12523 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter IV / Section 12523: Violent crime and drug emergency areas
Violent crime and drug emergency areas
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section—

"major violent crime or drug-related emergency" means an occasion or instance in which violent crime, drug smuggling, drug trafficking, or drug abuse violence reaches such levels, as determined by the President, that Federal assistance is needed to supplement State and local efforts and capabilities to save lives, and to protect property and public health and safety.

"State" means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

(b) Declaration of violent crime and drug emergency areas

If a major violent crime or drug-related emergency exists throughout a State or a part of a State, the President may declare the State or part of a State to be a violent crime or drug emergency area and may take appropriate actions authorized by this section.

(c) Procedure

(1) In general

A request for a declaration designating an area to be a violent crime or drug emergency area shall be made, in writing, by the chief executive officer of a State or local government, respectively (or in the case of the District of Columbia, the mayor), and shall be forwarded to the Attorney General in such form as the Attorney General may by regulation require. One or more cities, counties, States, or the District of Columbia may submit a joint request for designation as a major violent crime or drug emergency area under this subsection.

(2) Finding

A request made under paragraph (1) shall be based on a written finding that the major violent crime or drug-related emergency is of such severity and magnitude that Federal assistance is necessary to ensure an effective response to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety.

(d) Irrelevancy of population density

The President shall not limit declarations made under this section to highly populated centers of violent crime or drug trafficking, drug smuggling, or drug use, but shall also consider applications from governments of less populated areas where the magnitude and severity of such activities is beyond the capability of the State or local government to respond.

(e) Requirements

As part of a request for a declaration under this section, and as a prerequisite to Federal violent crime or drug emergency assistance under this section, the chief executive officer of a State or local government shall—

(1) take appropriate action under State or local law and furnish information on the nature and amount of State and local resources that have been or will be committed to alleviating the major violent crime- or drug-related emergency;

(2) submit a detailed plan outlining that government's short- and long-term plans to respond to the violent crime or drug emergency, specifying the types and levels of Federal assistance requested and including explicit goals (including quantitative goals) and timetables; and

(3) specify how Federal assistance provided under this section is intended to achieve those goals.

(f) Review period

The Attorney General shall review a request submitted pursuant to this section, and the President shall decide whether to declare a violent crime or drug emergency area, within 30 days after receiving the request.

(g) Federal assistance

The President may—

(1) direct any Federal agency, with or without reimbursement, to utilize its authorities and the resources granted to it under Federal law (including personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities, financial assistance, and managerial, technical, and advisory services) in support of State and local assistance efforts; and

(2) provide technical and advisory assistance, including communications support and law enforcement-related intelligence information.

(h) Duration of Federal assistance

(1) In general

Federal assistance under this section shall not be provided to a violent crime or drug emergency area for more than 1 year.

(2) Extension

The chief executive officer of a jurisdiction may apply to the President for an extension of assistance beyond 1 year. The President may extend the provision of Federal assistance for not more than an additional 180 days.

(i) Regulations

Not later than 120 days after September 13, 1994, the Attorney General shall issue regulations to implement this section.

(j) No effect on existing authority

Nothing in this section shall diminish or detract from existing authority possessed by the President or Attorney General.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IX, §90107, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1988.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14053 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 11112 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter II / Section 11112: Personnel
Personnel
Status: in_force

(a) Selection; employment; compensation

The Administrator is authorized to select, employ, and fix the compensation of such officers and employees, including attorneys, as are necessary to perform the functions vested in the Administrator and to prescribe their functions.

(b) Special personnel

The Administrator is authorized to select, appoint, and employ not to exceed three officers and to fix their compensation at rates not to exceed the rate now or hereafter payable under section 5376 of title 5.

(c) Personnel from other agencies

Upon the request of the Administrator, the head of any Federal agency is authorized to detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of its personnel to the Administrator to assist the Administrator in carrying out the functions of the Administrator under this subchapter.

(d) Experts and consultants

The Administrator may obtain services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, at rates not to exceed the rate now or hereafter payable under section 5376 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title II, §202, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1113; Pub. L. 95–115, §3(a)(3)(A), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1048; Pub. L. 96–509, §19(c), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2763; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §621, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2109; Pub. L. 102–586, §2(b), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 4984; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12221(a)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1894.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5612 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "payable under section 5376" for "prescribed for GS–18 of the General Schedule by section 5332".

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–586, §2(b)(1), which directed the substitution of "payable under section 5376" for "prescribes for GS–18 of the General Schedule by section 5332", could not be executed because the phrase "prescribes for GS–18 of the General Schedule by section 5332" did not appear in text.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–586, §2(b)(2), substituted "subchapter" for "chapter".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–586, §2(b)(3), substituted "payable under section 5376" for "prescribed for GS–18 of the General Schedule by section 5332".

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473, §621(a), substituted "the Administrator" for "him" before "and to prescribe".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–473, §621(b), substituted "the Administrator" for "him" before "in carrying out" and "the functions of the Administrator" for "his functions".

1980—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–509, §19(c)(1), substituted "Administrator" for "Associate Administrator".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–509, §19(c)(2), substituted "title 5" for "title I" after "section 5332 of".

1977—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–115 substituted "Associate" for "Assistant".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–273 effective on the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, and applicable only with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 12223 of Pub. L. 107–273, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 670(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–115 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93–415, as added by Pub. L. 95–115 and repealed by Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7266(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449, formerly set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10465 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XX / Section 10465: Definitions and grant conditions
Definitions and grant conditions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter the definitions and grant conditions in section 12291 of this title shall apply.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2106, formerly §2105, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40231(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1933; amended Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title I, §1109(a)(2), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1503; Pub. L. 109–162, §3(c)(2), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2972; renumbered §2106, Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title XV, §1506(1), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 956.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796hh–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2106 of Pub. L. 90–351 was classified to section 3796hh–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–271, §2(f)(2), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 752.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–162 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of pars. (1) to (3) defining for purposes of this subchapter "domestic violence", "protection order", and "dating violence".

2000—Par. (3). Pub. L. 106–386 added par. (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–103 not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
34 U.S.C. § 12404 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12404: Disbursement
Disbursement
Status: in_force

Not later than 90 days after the receipt of an application under this part, the Attorney General shall either provide grant funds or shall inform the applicant why grant funds are not being provided.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40605, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1952.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14034 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12556 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12556: Selection of participants
Selection of participants
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Participants in State Police Corps programs shall be selected on a competitive basis by each State under regulations prescribed by the Director.

(b) Selection criteria and qualifications

(1) In order to participate in a State Police Corps program, a participant shall—

(A) be a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States;

(B) meet the requirements for admission as a trainee of the State or local police force to which the participant will be assigned pursuant to section 12559(5) of this title, including achievement of satisfactory scores on any applicable examination, except that failure to meet the age requirement for a trainee of the State or local police shall not disqualify the applicant if the applicant will be of sufficient age upon completing an undergraduate course of study;

(C) possess the necessary mental and physical capabilities and emotional characteristics to discharge effectively the duties of a law enforcement officer;

(D) be of good character and demonstrate sincere motivation and dedication to law enforcement and public service;

(E) in the case of an undergraduate, agree in writing that the participant will complete an educational course of study leading to the award of a baccalaureate degree and will then accept an appointment and complete 4 years of service as an officer in the State police or in a local police department within the State;

(F) in the case of a participant desiring to undertake or continue graduate study, agree in writing that the participant will accept an appointment and complete 4 years of service as an officer in the State police or in a local police department within the State before undertaking or continuing graduate study;

(G) contract, with the consent of the participant's parent or guardian if the participant is a minor, to serve for 4 years as an officer in the State police or in a local police department, if an appointment is offered; and

(H) except as provided in paragraph (2), be without previous law enforcement experience.

(2)(A) Until the date that is 5 years after September 13, 1994, up to 10 percent of the applicants accepted into the Police Corps program may be persons who—

(i) have had some law enforcement experience; and

(ii) have demonstrated special leadership potential and dedication to law enforcement.

(B)(i) The prior period of law enforcement of a participant selected pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall not be counted toward satisfaction of the participant's 4-year service obligation under section 12558 of this title, and such a participant shall be subject to the same benefits and obligations under this part as other participants, including those stated in section 1 (b)(1)(E) and (F).

(ii) Clause (i) shall not be construed to preclude counting a participant's previous period of law enforcement experience for purposes other than satisfaction of the requirements of section 12558 of this title, such as for purposes of determining such a participant's pay and other benefits, rank, and tenure.

(3) It is the intent of this part that there shall be no more than 20,000 participants in each graduating class. The Director shall approve State plans providing in the aggregate for such enrollment of applicants as shall assure, as nearly as possible, annual graduating classes of 20,000. In a year in which applications are received in a number greater than that which will produce, in the judgment of the Director, a graduating class of more than 20,000, the Director shall, in deciding which applications to grant, give preference to those who will be participating in State plans that provide law enforcement personnel to areas of greatest need.

(c) Recruitment of minorities

Each State participating in the Police Corps program shall make special efforts to seek and recruit applicants from among members of all racial, ethnic or gender groups. This subsection does not authorize an exception from the competitive standards for admission established pursuant to subsections (a) and (b).

(d) Enrollment of applicant

(1) An applicant shall be accepted into a State Police Corps program on the condition that the applicant will be matriculated in, or accepted for admission at, a 4-year institution of higher education—

(A) as a full-time student in an undergraduate program; or

(B) for purposes of taking a graduate course.

(2) If the applicant is not matriculated or accepted as set forth in paragraph (1), the applicant's acceptance in the program shall be revoked.

(e) Leave of absence

(1) A participant in a State Police Corps program who requests a leave of absence from educational study, training or service for a period not to exceed 1 year (or 18 months in the aggregate in the event of multiple requests) due to temporary physical or emotional disability shall be granted such leave of absence by the State.

(2) A participant who requests a leave of absence from educational study, training or service for a period not to exceed 1 year (or 18 months in the aggregate in the event of multiple requests) for any reason other than those listed in paragraph (1) may be granted such leave of absence by the State.

(3) A participant who requests a leave of absence from educational study or training for a period not to exceed 30 months to serve on an official church mission may be granted such leave of absence.

(f) Admission of applicants

An applicant may be admitted into a State Police Corps program either before commencement of or during the applicant's course of educational study.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200107, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2052.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14096 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

1 So in original. Probably should be "subsection".
34 U.S.C. § 10263 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter IX / Section 10263: Oversight and accountability
Oversight and accountability
Status: in_force

All grants awarded by the Department of Justice that are authorized under this Act shall be subject to the following:

(1) Audit requirement

Beginning in fiscal year 2016, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall conduct audits of recipients of grants under this Act to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds by grantees. The Inspector General shall determine the appropriate number of grantees to be audited each year.

(2) Mandatory exclusion

A recipient of grant funds under this Act that is found to have an unresolved audit finding shall not be eligible to receive grant funds under this Act during the 2 fiscal years beginning after the 12-month period described in paragraph (5).

(3) Priority

In awarding grants under this Act, the Attorney General shall give priority to eligible entities that, during the 3 fiscal years before submitting an application for a grant under this Act, did not have an unresolved audit finding showing a violation in the terms or conditions of a Department of Justice grant program.

(4) Reimbursement

If an entity is awarded grant funds under this Act during the 2-fiscal-year period in which the entity is barred from receiving grants under paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall—

(A) deposit an amount equal to the grant funds that were improperly awarded to the grantee into the General Fund of the Treasury; and

(B) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the fund from the grant recipient that was erroneously awarded grant funds.

(5) Defined term

In this section, the term "unresolved audit finding" means an audit report finding in the final audit report of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the grantee has utilized grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within a 12-month period beginning on the date when the final audit report is issued.

(6) Nonprofit organization requirements

(A) Definition

For purposes of this section and the grant programs described in this Act, the term "nonprofit organization" means an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title.

(B) Prohibition

The Attorney General shall not award a grant under any grant program described in this Act to a nonprofit organization that holds money in offshore accounts for the purpose of avoiding paying the tax described in section 511(a) of title 26.

(C) Disclosure

Each nonprofit organization that is awarded a grant under a grant program described in this Act and uses the procedures prescribed in regulations to create a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness for the compensation of its officers, directors, trustees and key employees, shall disclose to the Attorney General, in the application for the grant, the process for determining such compensation, including the independent persons involved in reviewing and approving such compensation, the comparability data used, and contemporaneous substantiation of the deliberation and decision. Upon request, the Attorney General shall make the information disclosed under this subsection available for public inspection.

(7) Administrative expenses

Unless otherwise explicitly provided in authorizing legislation, not more than 7.5 percent of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under this Act may be used by the Attorney General for salaries and administrative expenses of the Department of Justice.

(8) Conference expenditures

(A) Limitation

No amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice under this Act may be used by the Attorney General or by any individual or organization awarded discretionary funds through a cooperative agreement under this Act, to host or support any expenditure for conferences that uses more than $20,000 in Department funds, unless the Deputy Attorney General or the appropriate Assistant Attorney General, Director, or principal deputy as the Deputy Attorney General may designate, provides prior written authorization that the funds may be expended to host a conference.

(B) Written approval

Written approval under subparagraph (A) shall include a written estimate of all costs associated with the conference, including the cost of all food and beverages, audio/visual equipment, honoraria for speakers, and any entertainment.

(C) Report

The Deputy Attorney General shall submit an annual report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives on all conference expenditures approved by operation of this paragraph.

(9) Prohibition on lobbying activity

(A) In general

Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this Act may not be utilized by any grant recipient to—

(i) lobby any representative of the Department of Justice regarding the award of grant funding; or

(ii) lobby any representative of a Federal, State, local, or tribal government regarding the award of grant funding.

(B) Penalty

If the Attorney General determines that any recipient of a grant under this Act has violated subparagraph (A), the Attorney General shall—

(i) require the grant recipient to repay the grant in full; and

(ii) prohibit the grant recipient from receiving another grant under this Act for not less than 5 years.

(10) Preventing duplicative grants

(A) In general

Before the Attorney General awards a grant to an applicant under this Act, the Attorney General shall compare potential grant awards with other grants awarded under this Act to determine whether duplicate grants are awarded for the same purpose.

(B) Report

If the Attorney General awards duplicate grants to the same applicant for the same purpose, the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report that includes—

(i) a list of all duplicate grants awarded, including the total dollar amount of any duplicate grants awarded; and

(ii) the reason the Attorney General awarded the duplicate grants.

(Pub. L. 114–324, §15, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1959.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 114–324, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1948, known as the Justice for All Reauthorization Act of 2016. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2016 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the Justice for All Reauthorization Act of 2016, and not as part of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 3793c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12202 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter II / Section 12202: Emerging community development corporation revolving loan funds
Emerging community development corporation revolving loan funds
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

The Secretary may award grants to emerging community development corporations to enable such corporations to establish, maintain or expand revolving loan funds, to make or guarantee loans, or to make capital investments in new or expanding local businesses.

(b) Eligibility

To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an entity shall—

(1) be a community development corporation;

(2) have completed not less than one nor more than two community economic development projects or related projects that improve or provide job and employment opportunities to low-income individuals;

(3) prepare and submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including a strategic investment plan that identifies and describes the economic characteristics of the target area to be served, the types of business to be assisted using amounts received under the grant and the impact of such assistance on low-income individuals; and

(4) have secured one or more commitments from local sources for contributions (either in cash or in kind, letters of credit, or letters of commitment) in an amount that is equal to at least 10 percent of the amounts requested in the application submitted under paragraph (2).1

(c) Use of revolving loan fund

(1) In general

A revolving loan fund established or maintained with amounts received under this section may be utilized to provide financial and technical assistance, loans, loan guarantees or investments to private business enterprises to—

(A) finance projects intended to provide business and employment opportunities for low-income individuals and to improve the quality of life in urban and rural areas; and

(B) build and expand the capacity of emerging community development corporations and serve the economic needs of local residents.

(2) Technical assistance

The Secretary shall encourage emerging community development corporations that receive grants under this section to seek technical assistance from established community development corporations, with expertise in the planning, development and management of economic development projects and shall facilitate the receipt of such assistance.

(3) Limitation

Not to exceed 10 percent of the amounts received under this section by a grantee shall be used for training, technical assistance and administrative purposes.

(d) Use of proceeds from investments

Proceeds derived from investments made with amounts provided under this section may be utilized only for the purposes described in this part and shall be reinvested in the community in which they were generated.

(e) Amounts available

Amounts provided under this section to a community development corporation shall not exceed $500,000 per year.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31122, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1886.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13842 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

1 So in original. Probably should be paragraph "(3)".
34 U.S.C. § 10641 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXII / Section 10641: Grant authority
Grant authority
Status: in_force

The Attorney General shall award grants to rural State criminal justice agencies, Byrne agencies, or other agencies as designated by the Governor of that State and approved by the Attorney General, to develop rural States' capacity to assist local communities in the prevention and reduction of crime, violence, and substance abuse.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2985, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11027(b), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797y of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

For short title of section 11027 of Pub. L. 107–273, which enacted this subchapter, as the "Crime-Free Rural States Act of 2002", see section 11027(a) of Pub. L. 107–273, set out as a Short Title of 2002 Act note under section 10101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 20705a (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 207 / Section 20705a: Enhancing the ability of State, local, and Tribal child welfare agencies to identify and respond to children who are, or are at risk of being, victims of trafficking
Enhancing the ability of State, local, and Tribal child welfare agencies to identify and respond to children who are, or are at risk of being, victims of trafficking
Status: in_force

(a) Grants to enhance child welfare services

The Secretary of Health and Human Services may make grants to eligible States to develop, improve, or expand programs that assist State, local, or Tribal child welfare agencies with identifying and responding to—

(1) children considered victims of "child abuse and neglect" and of "sexual abuse" under the application of section 5106g(b)(1) of title 42 because of being identified as being a victim or at risk of being a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons; and

(2) children over whom such agencies have responsibility for placement, care, or supervision and for whom there is reasonable cause to believe are, or are at risk of being a victim of 1 or more severe forms of trafficking in persons.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Child

The term "child" means an individual who has not attained 18 years of age or such older age as the State has elected under section 475(8) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 675(8)). At the option of an eligible State, such term may include an individual who has not attained 26 years of age.

(2) Eligible State

The term "eligible State" means a State that has not received more than 3 grants under this section and meets 1 or more of the following criteria:

(A) Elimination of third party control requirement

The State has eliminated or will eliminate any requirement relating to identification of a controlling third party who causes a child to engage in a commercial sex act in order for the child to be considered a victim of trafficking or a victim of 1 or more severe forms of trafficking in persons for purposes of accessing child welfare services and care.

(B) Application of standard for human trafficking

The State considers a child to be a victim of trafficking if the individual is a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons, as described in subparagraph (A) of section 7102(11) of title 22.

(C) Development and implementation of State child welfare plan protocols

The State agency responsible for administering the State plan for foster care and adoption assistance under part E of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.) has developed and is implementing or will develop and implement protocols that meet the following reporting requirements:

(i) The requirement to report immediately, and in no case later than 24 hours after receiving, information on children who have been identified as being a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons to law enforcement authorities under paragraph (34)(A) of section 471(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 671(a)).

(ii) The requirement to report immediately, and in no case later than 24 hours after receiving, information on missing or abducted children to law enforcement authorities, including children classified as "runaways", for entry into the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) database of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, under paragraph (35)(B) of such section [42 U.S.C. 671(a)(35)(B)].

(iii) The requirement to report to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the total number of children who are victims of child human trafficking under paragraph (34)(B) of such section [42 U.S.C. 671(a)(34)(B)].

(D) Trafficking-specific protocol

The State has developed and implemented or will develop and implement a specialized protocol for responding to a child who is, or is at risk of being, a trafficking victim to ensure the response focuses on the child's specific safety needs as a victim of trafficking, and that includes the development and use of an alternative mechanism for investigating and responding to cases of child human trafficking in which the alleged offender is not the child's parent or caregiver without utilizing existing processes for investigating and responding to other forms of child abuse or neglect that require the filing of an abuse or neglect petition.

(3) Indian tribe; tribal organization

The term "Indian tribe" and "tribal organization" have the meanings given those terms in section 5304 of title 25.

(4) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Such term includes an Indian tribe, tribal organization, or tribal consortium with a plan approved under section 479B of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 679c), or which is receiving funding to provide foster care under part E of title IV of such Act [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] pursuant to a cooperative agreement or contract with a State.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, §204A, as added Pub. L. 117–347, title I, §104(a)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6201.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), (4), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part E of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part E (§670 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
34 U.S.C. § 20714 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 207 / Section 20714: Training of tribal law enforcement and prosecutorial personnel
Training of tribal law enforcement and prosecutorial personnel
Status: in_force

The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Tribal Justice, shall carry out a program under which tribal law enforcement officials may receive technical assistance and training to pursue a victim-centered approach to investigating and prosecuting severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102 of title 22).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, §214, formerly Pub. L. 115–393, title V, §504, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5277; renumbered §214 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, §106(b)(3), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6205.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 20709c of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 117–347.
34 U.S.C. § 10651a (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXIII / Section 10651a: Veteran Treatment Court Program
Veteran Treatment Court Program
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

Subject to the availability of appropriations, in coordination with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Attorney General shall establish and carry out a Veteran Treatment Court Program to provide grants and technical assistance to court systems that—

(1) have adopted a Veterans Treatment Court Program; or

(2) have filed a notice of intent to establish a Veterans Treatment Court Program with the Secretary.

(b) Purpose

The purpose of the Veterans Treatment Court Program established under subsection (a) is to ensure the Department of Justice has a single office to coordinate the provision of grants, training, and technical assistance to help State, local, and Tribal governments to develop and maintain veteran treatment courts.

(c) Programs included

The Veterans Treatment Court Program established under subsection (a) shall include the grant programs relating to veterans treatment courts carried out by the Attorney General pursuant to sections 10651 and 10701 of this title or any other provision of law.

(d) Regulations

The Attorney General shall promulgate regulations to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 116–153, §3, Aug. 8, 2020, 134 Stat. 688.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Veteran Treatment Court Coordination Act of 2019, and not as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 which comprises this chapter.
34 U.S.C. § 12577 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12577: Local application
Local application
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A person who desires a scholarship or employment under this part shall submit an application to the State at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the State may reasonably require.

(b) Contents

An application under subsection (a) shall describe—

(1) the academic courses for which a scholarship is sought; or

(2) the location and duration of employment that is sought.

(c) Priority

In awarding scholarships and providing student employment under this part, each State shall give priority to applications from persons who are—

(1) members of racial, ethnic, or gender groups whose representation in the law enforcement agencies within the State is substantially less than in the population eligible for employment in law enforcement in the State;

(2) pursuing an undergraduate degree; and

(3) not receiving financial assistance under the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.].

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200208, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2060.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, which is classified generally to chapter 28 (§1001 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14117 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10305 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XI / Section 10305: Discontinuation for unsatisfactory conduct or progress
Discontinuation for unsatisfactory conduct or progress
Status: in_force

The Attorney General may discontinue assistance under this part when the Attorney General finds that, according to the regularly prescribed standards and practices of the educational institution, the recipient fails to maintain satisfactory progress as described in section 1091(c) of title 20.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1215, as added Pub. L. 104–238, §2(2), Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3115.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796d–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12574 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12574: Scholarships
Scholarships
Status: in_force

(a) Period of award

Scholarships awarded under this part shall be for a period of 1 academic year.

(b) Use of scholarships

Each individual awarded a scholarship under this part may use the scholarship for educational expenses at an institution of higher education.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200205, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2059.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14114 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10613 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXX / Section 10613: Definition
Definition
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Except as provided in subsection (b), in this subchapter, the term "violent offender" means a person who—

(1) is charged with or convicted of an offense that is punishable by a term of imprisonment exceeding one year, during the course of which offense or conduct—

(A) the person carried, possessed, or used a firearm or dangerous weapon;

(B) there occurred the death of or serious bodily injury to any person; or

(C) there occurred the use of force against the person of another, without regard to whether any of the circumstances described in subparagraph (A) or (B) is an element of the offense or conduct of which or for which the person is charged or convicted; or

(2) has 1 or more prior convictions for a felony crime of violence involving the use or attempted use of force against a person with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm.

(b) Definition for purposes of juvenile drug courts

For purposes of juvenile drug courts, the term "violent offender" means a juvenile who has been convicted of, or adjudicated delinquent for, a felony-level offense that—

(1) has as an element, the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another, or the possession or use of a firearm; or

(2) by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2953, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2301(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1795; amended Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1141, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3110; Pub. L. 110–199, title I, §103(a), Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 668.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797u–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–199 inserted "that is punishable by a term of imprisonment exceeding one year" after "convicted of an offense" in introductory provisions.

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–162 substituted "a felony-level offense that" for "an offense that" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Construction of 2008 Amendment

For construction of amendments and provisions set out as a note below by Pub. L. 110–199 and requirements for grants made under such amendments and note, see section 60504 of this title.

Period for Compliance

Pub. L. 110–199, title I, §103(b), Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 668, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 2952(2) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u–1(2)) [now 34 U.S.C. 10612(2)], each grantee under part EE of such Act [34 U.S.C. 10611 et seq.] shall have not more than 3 years from the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 9, 2008] to adopt the definition of 'violent offender' under such part, as amended by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section]."
34 U.S.C. § 40915 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 409 / Subchapter I / Section 40915: Relief from disabilities program required as condition for participation in grant programs
Relief from disabilities program required as condition for participation in grant programs
Status: in_force

(a) Program described

A relief from disabilities program is implemented by a State in accordance with this section if the program—

(1) permits a person who, pursuant to State law, has been adjudicated as described in subsection (g)(4) of section 922 of title 18 or has been committed to a mental institution, to apply to the State for relief from the disabilities imposed by subsections (d)(4) and (g)(4) of such section by reason of the adjudication or commitment;

(2) provides that a State court, board, commission, or other lawful authority shall grant the relief, pursuant to State law and in accordance with the principles of due process, if the circumstances regarding the disabilities referred to in paragraph (1), and the person's record and reputation, are such that the person will not be likely to act in a manner dangerous to public safety and that the granting of the relief would not be contrary to the public interest; and

(3) permits a person whose application for the relief is denied to file a petition with the State court of appropriate jurisdiction for a de novo judicial review of the denial.

(b) Authority to provide relief from certain disabilities with respect to firearms

If, under a State relief from disabilities program implemented in accordance with this section, an application for relief referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section is granted with respect to an adjudication or a commitment to a mental institution or based upon a removal of a record under section 40912(c)(1)(B) of this title, the adjudication or commitment, as the case may be, is deemed not to have occurred for purposes of subsections (d)(4) and (g)(4) of section 922 of title 18.

(Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §105, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2569.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified in a note under section 922 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10554 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXVI / Section 10554: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) the term "school" means an elementary or secondary school, including a Bureau-funded school (as defined in section 2021 of title 25);

(2) the term "unit of local government" means a county, municipality, town, township, village, parish, borough, or other unit of general government below the State level;

(3) the term "Indian tribe" has the same meaning as in section 5304(e) of title 25;

(4) the term "evidence-based" means a program, practice, technology, or equipment that—

(A) demonstrates a statistically significant effect on relevant outcomes based on—

(i) strong evidence from not less than 1 well-designed and well-implemented experimental study;

(ii) moderate evidence from not less than 1 well-designed and well-implemented quasi-experimental study; or

(iii) promising evidence from not less than 1 well-designed and well-implemented correlational study with statistical controls for selection bias;

(B) demonstrates a rationale based on high-quality research findings or positive evaluation that such program, practice, technology, or equipment is likely to improve relevant outcomes, and includes ongoing efforts to examine the effects of the program, practice, technology, or equipment; or

(C) in the case of technology or equipment, demonstrates that use of the technology or equipment is—

(i) consistent with best practices for school security, including—

(I) applicable standards for school security established by a Federal or State government agency; and

(II) findings and recommendations of public commissions and task forces established to make recommendations or set standards for school security; and

(ii) compliant with all applicable codes, including building and life safety codes; and

(5) the term "tribal organization" has the same meaning given the term in section 5304(l) of title 25.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2704, as added Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title I, §1108(b), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1502; amended Pub. L. 115–141, div. S, title V, §502(4), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1131.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–141, §502(4)(A), substituted "an" for "a public" and inserted ", including a Bureau-funded school (as defined in section 2021 of title 25)" after "secondary school".

Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 115–141, §502(4)(B)–(D), added pars. (4) and (5).
34 U.S.C. § 20902 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter I / Section 20902: Establishment of program
Establishment of program
Status: in_force

This chapter establishes the Jacob Wetterling, Megan Nicole Kanka, and Pam Lychner Sex Offender Registration and Notification Program.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §103, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 591.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 109–248, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 587, known as the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16902 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10706 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXVIII / Section 10706: Grant accountability
Grant accountability
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of applicable committees

In this section, the term "applicable committees" means—

(1) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.

(b) Accountability

All grants awarded by the Attorney General under this subchapter shall be subject to the following accountability provisions:

(1) Audit requirement

(A) Definition

In this paragraph, the term "unresolved audit finding" means a finding in the final audit report of the Inspector General of the Department of Justice that the audited grantee has utilized grant funds for an unauthorized expenditure or otherwise unallowable cost that is not closed or resolved within 12 months after the date on which the final audit report is issued.

(B) Audit

Beginning in the first fiscal year beginning after July 22, 2016, and in each fiscal year thereafter, the Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall conduct audits of recipients of grants awarded by the Attorney General under this subchapter to prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds by grantees. The Inspector General shall determine the appropriate number of grantees to be audited each year.

(C) Mandatory exclusion

A recipient of grant funds under this subchapter that is found to have an unresolved audit finding shall not be eligible to receive grant funds under this subchapter during the first 2 fiscal years beginning after the end of the 12-month period described in subparagraph (A).

(D) Priority

In awarding grants under this subchapter, the Attorney General shall give priority to eligible applicants that did not have an unresolved audit finding during the 3 fiscal years before submitting an application for a grant under this subchapter.

(E) Reimbursement

If an entity is awarded grant funds under this subchapter during the 2-fiscal-year period during which the entity is barred from receiving grants under subparagraph (C), the Attorney General shall—

(i) deposit an amount equal to the amount of the grant funds that were improperly awarded to the grantee into the General Fund of the Treasury; and

(ii) seek to recoup the costs of the repayment to the fund from the grant recipient that was erroneously awarded grant funds.

(2) Nonprofit organization requirements

(A) Definition

For purposes of this paragraph and the grant programs under this subchapter, the term "nonprofit organization" means an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such title.

(B) Prohibition

A nonprofit organization that holds money in offshore accounts for the purpose of avoiding paying the tax described in section 511(a) of title 26 may not—

(i) be party to a contract entered into under section 10701(b) of this title; or

(ii) receive a subaward under section 10701(b) of this title.

(C) Disclosure

Each nonprofit organization that receives a subaward or is party to a contract entered into under section 10701(b) of this title and uses the procedures prescribed in regulations to create a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness for the compensation of its officers, directors, trustees, and key employees, shall disclose, in the application for such contract or subaward, the process for determining such compensation, including the independent persons involved in reviewing and approving such compensation, the comparability data used, and contemporaneous substantiation of the deliberation and decision. Upon request, the Attorney General shall make the information disclosed under this subparagraph available for public inspection.

(3) Conference expenditures

(A) Limitation

No amounts made available to the Attorney General under this subchapter may be used by the Attorney General, or by any State, unit of local government, or entity awarded a grant, subaward, or contract under this subchapter, to host or support any expenditure for conferences that uses more than $20,000 in funds made available by the Attorney General, unless the head of the relevant agency, bureau, or program office provides prior written authorization that the funds may be expended to host or support the conference.

(B) Written authorization

Written authorization under subparagraph (A) shall include a written estimate of all costs associated with the conference, including the cost of all food, beverages, audio-visual equipment, honoraria for speakers, and entertainment.

(C) Report

The Deputy Attorney General shall submit to the applicable committees an annual report on all conference expenditures approved by the Attorney General under this paragraph.

(4) Annual certification

Beginning in the first fiscal year beginning after July 22, 2016, the Attorney General shall submit to the applicable committees an annual certification—

(A) indicating whether—

(i) all audits issued by the Inspector General of the Department of Justice under paragraph (1) have been completed and reviewed by the appropriate Assistant Attorney General or Director;

(ii) all mandatory exclusions required under paragraph (1)(C) have been issued; and

(iii) all reimbursements required under paragraph (1)(E) have been made; and

(B) that includes a list of any grant recipients excluded under paragraph (1) from the previous year.

(c) Preventing duplicative grants

(1) In general

Before the Attorney General awards a grant to an applicant under this subchapter, the Attorney General shall compare potential grant awards with other grants awarded under this subchapter by the Attorney General to determine if duplicate grant awards are awarded for the same purpose.

(2) Report

If the Attorney General awards duplicate grants under this subchapter to the same applicant for the same purpose, the Attorney General shall submit to the applicable committees a report that includes—

(A) a list of all duplicate grants awarded under this subchapter, including the total dollar amount of any duplicate grants awarded; and

(B) the reason the Attorney General awarded the duplicate grants.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §3026, as added Pub. L. 114–198, title VII, §701(a), July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 735.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797ff–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 40101 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 401 / Section 40101: Reporting child abuse crime information
Reporting child abuse crime information
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In each State, an authorized criminal justice agency of the State shall report child abuse crime information to, or index child abuse crime information in, the national criminal history background check system. A criminal justice agency may satisfy the requirement of this subsection by reporting or indexing all felony and serious misdemeanor arrests and dispositions.

(b) Provision of State child abuse crime records through national criminal history background check system

(1) Not later than 180 days after December 20, 1993, the Attorney General shall, subject to availability of appropriations—

(A) investigate the criminal history records system of each State and determine for each State a timetable by which the State should be able to provide child abuse crime records on an on-line basis through the national criminal history background check system;

(B) in consultation with State officials, establish guidelines for the reporting or indexing of child abuse crime information, including guidelines relating to the format, content, and accuracy of criminal history records and other procedures for carrying out this chapter; and

(C) notify each State of the determinations made pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(2) The Attorney General shall require as a part of each State timetable that the State—

(A) by not later than the date that is 5 years after December 20, 1993, have in a computerized criminal history file at least 80 percent of the final dispositions that have been rendered in all identifiable child abuse crime cases in which there has been an event of activity within the last 5 years;

(B) continue to maintain a reporting rate of at least 80 percent for final dispositions in all identifiable child abuse crime cases in which there has been an event of activity within the preceding 5 years; and

(C) take steps to achieve 100 percent disposition reporting, including data quality audits and periodic notices to criminal justice agencies identifying records that lack final dispositions and requesting those dispositions.

(c) Liaison

An authorized agency of a State shall maintain close liaison with the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, and the National Center for the Prosecution of Child Abuse for the exchange of technical assistance in cases of child abuse.

(d) Annual summary

(1) The Attorney General shall publish an annual statistical summary of child abuse crimes.

(2) The annual statistical summary described in paragraph (1) shall not contain any information that may reveal the identity of any particular victim or alleged violator.

(e) Annual report

The Attorney General shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, publish an annual summary of each State's progress in reporting child abuse crime information to the national criminal history background check system.

(f) Study of child abuse offenders

(1) Not later than 180 days after December 20, 1993, the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention shall begin a study based on a statistically significant sample of convicted child abuse offenders and other relevant information to determine—

(A) the percentage of convicted child abuse offenders who have more than 1 conviction for an offense involving child abuse;

(B) the percentage of convicted child abuse offenders who have been convicted of an offense involving child abuse in more than 1 State; and

(C) the extent to which and the manner in which instances of child abuse form a basis for convictions for crimes other than child abuse crimes.

(2) Not later than 2 years after December 20, 1993, the Administrator shall submit a report to the Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives containing a description of and a summary of the results of the study conducted pursuant to paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 103–209, §2, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2490; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320928(b), (h), (i), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2132, 2133.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5119 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §320928(b), inserted at end "A criminal justice agency may satisfy the requirement of this subsection by reporting or indexing all felony and serious misdemeanor arrests and dispositions."

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–322, §320928(i), substituted "5 years after" for "3 years after".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 103–322, §320928(h), substituted "2 years" for "1 year".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Guidelines for Adoption of Safeguards by Care Providers and States for Protecting Children, the Elderly, or Individuals With Disabilities From Abuse

Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320928(g), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2132, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Attorney General, in consultation with Federal, State, and local officials, including officials responsible for criminal history record systems, and representatives of public and private care organizations and health, legal, and social welfare organizations, shall develop guidelines for the adoption of appropriate safeguards by care providers and by States for protecting children, the elderly, or individuals with disabilities from abuse.

"(2) Matters to be addressed.—In developing guidelines under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall address the availability, cost, timeliness, and effectiveness of criminal history background checks and recommend measures to ensure that fees for background checks do not discourage volunteers from participating in care programs.

"(3) Dissemination.—The Attorney General shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, disseminate the guidelines to State and local officials and to public and private care providers."
34 U.S.C. § 10105 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter I / Section 10105: Inclusion of Indian tribes
Inclusion of Indian tribes
Status: in_force

For purposes of sections 10103 and 10104 of this title, the term "State" includes an Indian tribal government.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §105, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1121(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3107.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Another section 105 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 109 and is classified to section 10109 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective with respect to appropriations for fiscal year 2007 and for each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1121(c) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10103 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10106 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter I / Section 10106: Community Capacity Development Office
Community Capacity Development Office
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

There is established within the Office a Community Capacity Development Office, headed by a Director appointed by the Attorney General. In carrying out the functions of the Office, the Director shall be subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Attorney General. Such authority, direction, and control may be delegated only to the Assistant Attorney General, without redelegation.

(2) Purpose

The purpose of the Office shall be to provide training to actual and prospective participants under programs covered by section 10103(b) 1 of this title to assist such participants in understanding the substantive and procedural requirements for participating in such programs.

(3) Exclusivity

The Office shall be the exclusive element of the Department of Justice performing functions and activities for the purpose specified in paragraph (2). There are hereby transferred to the Office all functions and activities for such purpose performed immediately before January 5, 2006, by any other element of the Department. This does not preclude a grant-making office from providing specialized training and technical assistance in its area of expertise.

(b) Means

The Director shall, in coordination with the heads of the other elements of the Department, carry out the purpose of the Office through the following means:

(1) Promoting coordination of public and private efforts and resources within or available to States, units of local government, and neighborhood and community-based organizations.

(2) Providing information, training, and technical assistance.

(3) Providing support for inter- and intra-agency task forces and other agreements and for assessment of the effectiveness of programs, projects, approaches, or practices.

(4) Providing in the assessment of the effectiveness of neighborhood and community-based law enforcement and crime prevention strategies and techniques, in coordination with the National Institute of Justice.

(5) Any other similar means.

(c) Locations

Training referred to in subsection (a) shall be provided on a regional basis to groups of such participants. In a case in which remedial training is appropriate, as recommended by the Director or the head of any element of the Department, such training may be provided on a local basis to a single such participant.

(d) Best practices

The Director shall—

(1) identify grants under which clearly beneficial outcomes were obtained, and the characteristics of those grants that were responsible for obtaining those outcomes; and

(2) incorporate those characteristics into the training provided under this section.

(e) Availability of funds

not 2 to exceed 3 percent of all funding made available for a fiscal year for the programs covered by section 10103(b) 1 of this title shall be reserved for the Community Capacity Development Office for the activities authorized by this section.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §106, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1159(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3116; amended Pub. L. 109–271, §8(f), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 766.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 10103(b) of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (e), probably should be a reference to section 10109(b) of this title because section 10103(b) relates to Director assistance and section 10109(b) specifically sets out covered programs.

January 5, 2006, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was in the original "the date of the enactment of this Act" and was translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–162, which enacted this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3712e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Amendments

2006—Subsecs. (a)(2), (e). Pub. L. 109–217 substituted "section 3712a(b)" for "section 3712d(b)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1159(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3117, provided that: "This section [enacting this section] and the amendment made by this section take effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2006]."

1 See References in Text Note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
34 U.S.C. § 10516 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXIII / Section 10516: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

Each State or unit of local government which receives a grant under this subchapter shall submit to the Attorney General, for each year in which funds from a grant received under this subchapter is expended, a report at such time and in such manner as the Attorney General may reasonably require which contains—

(1) a summary of the activities carried out under the grant and an assessment of whether such activities are meeting the needs identified in the application submitted under section 10512 of this title; and

(2) such other information as the Attorney General may require.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2406, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210302(c)(1)(C), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2067; amended Pub. L. 112–189, §2(a), Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1435.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796kk–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–189 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading "Reports to Attorney General" before "Each State" and struck out subsec. (b) which required the Attorney General to submit reports to Congress on grant amounts and activities.
34 U.S.C. § 12641 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter XII / Section 12641: Task force relating to introduction of nonindigenous species
Task force relating to introduction of nonindigenous species
Status: in_force

(1) In general

The Attorney General is authorized to convene a law enforcement task force in Hawaii to facilitate the prosecution of violations of Federal laws, and laws of the State of Hawaii, relating to the wrongful conveyance, sale, or introduction of nonindigenous plant and animal species.

(2) Membership

(A) The task force shall be composed of representatives of—

(i) the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Hawaii;

(ii) the United States Customs Service;

(iii) the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service;

(iv) the Fish and Wildlife Service;

(v) the National Park Service;

(vi) the United States Forest Service;

(vii) the Military Customs Inspection Office of the Department of Defense;

(viii) the United States Postal Service;

(ix) the office of the Attorney General of the State of Hawaii;

(x) the Hawaii Department of Agriculture;

(xi) the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources; and

(xii) such other individuals as the Attorney General deems appropriate.

(B) The Attorney General shall, to the extent practicable, select individuals to serve on the task force who have experience with the enforcement of laws relating to the wrongful conveyance, sale, or introduction of nonindigenous plant and animal species.

(3) Duties

The task force shall—

(A) facilitate the prosecution of violations of Federal and State laws relating to the conveyance, sale, or introduction of nonindigenous plant and animal species into Hawaii; and

(B) make recommendations on ways to strengthen Federal and State laws and law enforcement strategies designed to prevent the introduction of nonindigenous plant and animal species.

(4) Report

The task force shall report to the Attorney General, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, and to the Committee on the Judiciary and Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary, Committee on Agriculture, and Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of Representatives on—

(A) the progress of its enforcement efforts; and

(B) the adequacy of existing Federal laws and laws of the State of Hawaii that relate to the introduction of nonindigenous plant and animal species.

Thereafter, the task force shall make such reports as the task force deems appropriate.

(5) Consultation

The task force shall consult with Hawaii agricultural interests and representatives of Hawaii conservation organizations about methods of preventing the wrongful conveyance, sale, or introduction of nonindigenous plant and animal species into Hawaii.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, §320108(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2111.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14221 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Abolition of House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries

Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of House of Representatives abolished and its jurisdiction transferred by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995. For treatment of references to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, see section 1(b)(3) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress.
34 U.S.C. § 41309 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 413 / Section 41309: Reporting on human trafficking
Reporting on human trafficking
Status: in_force

(a) Trafficking offense classification

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall—

(1) classify the offense of human trafficking as a Part I crime in the Uniform Crime Reports;

(2) to the extent feasible, establish subcategories for State sex crimes that involve—

(A) a person who is younger than 18 years of age;

(B) the use of force, fraud or coercion; or

(C) neither of the elements described in subparagraphs (A) and (B); and

(3) classify the offense of human trafficking as a Group A offense for purpose of the National Incident-Based Reporting System.

(b) Additional information

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall revise the Uniform Crime Reporting System 1 and the National Incident-Based Reporting System to distinguish between reports of—

(1) incidents of assisting or promoting prostitution, which shall include crimes committed by persons who—

(A) do not directly engage in commercial sex acts; and

(B) direct, manage, or profit from such acts, such as State pimping and pandering crimes;

(2) incidents of purchasing prostitution, which shall include crimes committed by persons who purchase or attempt to purchase or trade anything of value for commercial sex acts;

(3) incidents of prostitution, which shall include crimes committed by persons providing or attempting to provide commercial sex acts;

(4) incidents of assisting or promoting prostitution, child labor that is a violation of law, or forced labor of an individual under the age of 18 as described in paragraph (1); and

(5) incidents of purchasing or soliciting commercial sex acts, child labor that is a violation of law, or forced labor with an individual under the age of 18 as described in paragraph (2).

(Pub. L. 110–457, title II, §237(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5083; Pub. L. 115–392, §17, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5257.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified as a note under section 534 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section is comprised of subsecs. (a) and (b) of section 237 of Pub. L. 110–457. Subsec. (c) of section 237 is not classified to the Code.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 115–392 added pars. (4) and (5).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Cumulative Biennial Report on Data Collection and Statistics

Pub. L. 117–347, title IV, §405, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6209, provided that: "Not later than 280 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2023], and every 2 years thereafter, the Attorney General and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall each submit to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives the status of the required data collection and reporting requirements of the Attorney General and the Secretary, respectively, related to trafficking, which shall include the status of—

"(1) the study required under section 201(a)(1)(B)(ii) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 (34 U.S.C. 20701(a)(1)(B)(ii));

"(2) the State reports required under section 237(b) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (34 U.S.C. 41309(b)) to be included in the Uniform Crime Reporting Program and the National Incident-Based Reporting System;

"(3) the report required under section 237(c)(1)(A) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–457; 122 Stat. 5084 [5083]);

"(4) the report required under section 237(c)(1)(B) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–457; 122 Stat. 5084 [5083]);

"(5) the report required under section 237(c)(1)(C) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–457; 122 Stat. 5084 [5083]); and

"(6) the comprehensive study required under section 237(c)(2) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–457; 122 Stat. 5085 [5084])."

1 So in original. Probably should be "Program".
34 U.S.C. § 12312 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12312: Confidentiality of communications between sexual assault or domestic violence victims and their counselors
Confidentiality of communications between sexual assault or domestic violence victims and their counselors
Status: in_force

(a) Study and development of model legislation

The Attorney General shall—

(1) study and evaluate the manner in which the States have taken measures to protect the confidentiality of communications between sexual assault or domestic violence victims and their therapists or trained counselors;

(2) develop model legislation that will provide the maximum protection possible for the confidentiality of such communications, within any applicable constitutional limits, taking into account the following factors:

(A) the danger that counseling programs for victims of sexual assault and domestic violence will be unable to achieve their goal of helping victims recover from the trauma associated with these crimes if there is no assurance that the records of the counseling sessions will be kept confidential;

(B) consideration of the appropriateness of an absolute privilege for communications between victims of sexual assault or domestic violence and their therapists or trained counselors, in light of the likelihood that such an absolute privilege will provide the maximum guarantee of confidentiality but also in light of the possibility that such an absolute privilege may be held to violate the rights of criminal defendants under the Federal or State constitutions by denying them the opportunity to obtain exculpatory evidence and present it at trial; and

(C) consideration of what limitations on the disclosure of confidential communications between victims of these crimes and their counselors, short of an absolute privilege, are most likely to ensure that the counseling programs will not be undermined, and specifically whether no such disclosure should be allowed unless, at a minimum, there has been a particularized showing by a criminal defendant of a compelling need for records of such communications, and adequate procedural safeguards are in place to prevent unnecessary or damaging disclosures; and

(3) prepare and disseminate to State authorities the findings made and model legislation developed as a result of the study and evaluation.

(b) Report and recommendations

Not later than the date that is 1 year after September 13, 1994, the Attorney General shall report to the Congress—

(1) the findings of the study and the model legislation required by this section; and

(2) recommendations based on the findings on the need for and appropriateness of further action by the Federal Government.

(c) Review of Federal evidentiary rules

The Judicial Conference of the United States shall evaluate and report to Congress its views on whether the Federal Rules of Evidence should be amended, and if so, how they should be amended, to guarantee that the confidentiality of communications between sexual assault victims and their therapists or trained counselors will be adequately protected in Federal court proceedings.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40153, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1921.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Rules of Evidence, referred to in subsec. (c), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13942 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10533 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXIV / Section 10533: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) the term "armor vest" means—

(A) body armor, no less than Type I, which has been tested through the voluntary compliance testing program operated by the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and found to meet or exceed the requirements of NIJ Standard 0101.03, or any subsequent revision of such standard; or

(B) body armor that has been tested through the voluntary compliance testing program, and found to meet or exceed the requirements of NIJ Standard 0115.00, or any revision of such standard;

(2) the term "body armor" means any product sold or offered for sale as personal protective body covering intended to protect against gunfire, stabbing, or other physical harm;

(3) the term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands;

(4) the term "unit of local government" means a county, municipality, town, township, village, parish, borough, or other unit of general government below the State level;

(5) the term "Indian tribe" has the same meaning as in section 5304(e) of title 25; and

(6) the term "law enforcement officer" means any officer, agent, or employee of a State, unit of local government, or Indian tribe authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law, or authorized by law to supervise sentenced criminal offenders.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2503, as added Pub. L. 105–181, §3(a)(3), June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 514; amended Pub. L. 106–517, §3(d), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2408.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796ll–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2000—Par. (1). Pub. L. 106–517 designated provisions after " 'armor vest' means" as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Interim Definition of Armor Vest

Pub. L. 106–517, §3(e), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2408, provided that: "For purposes of part Y of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 [34 U.S.C. 10531 et seq.], as amended by this Act, the meaning of the term 'armor vest' (as defined in section 2503 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 3796ll–2) [now 34 U.S.C. 10533]) shall, until the date on which a final NIJ Standard 0115.00 is first fully approved and implemented, also include body armor which has been found to meet or exceed the requirements for protection against stabbing established by the State in which the grantee is located."
34 U.S.C. § 10181 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter V / Section 10181: Application requirements
Application requirements
Status: in_force

(a) No grant may be made under this part unless an application has been submitted to the Director in which the applicant—

(1) sets forth a program or project which is eligible for funding pursuant to section 10171 of this title;

(2) describes the services to be provided, performance goals, and the manner in which the program is to be carried out;

(3) describes the method to be used to evaluate the program or project in order to determine its impact and effectiveness in achieving the stated goals; and

(4) agrees to conduct such evaluation according to the procedures and terms established by the Bureau.

(b) Each applicant for funds under this part shall certify that its program or project meets all the applicable requirements of this section, that all the applicable information contained in the application is correct, and that the applicant will comply with all the applicable provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws. Such certification shall be made in a form acceptable to the Director.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §517, formerly §513, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4336; renumbered §517 and amended Pub. L. 101–647, title XVIII, §1801(a)(4), (6), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4847; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(c)(2)(A), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3101.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3763 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 517 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7(6), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1887; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 213, provided for personnel of Administration, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–162 substituted "pursuant to section 3762a" for "pursuant to section 3761 or 3762a".

1990—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–647, §1801(a)(4)(A), inserted "or 3762a" after "3761".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–647, §1801(a)(4)(B), inserted "applicable" after "all the" in three places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–162 applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1111(d) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10151 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10642 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXII / Section 10642: Use of funds
Use of funds
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A capacity building grant shall be used to develop a statewide strategic plan as described in section 10643 of this title to prevent and reduce crime, violence, and substance abuse.

(b) Permissive use

A rural State may also use its grant to provide training and technical assistance to communities and promote innovation in the development of policies, technologies, and programs to prevent and reduce crime.

(c) Data collection

A rural State may use up to 5 percent of the grant to assist grant recipients in collecting statewide data related to the costs of crime, violence, and substance abuse for purposes of supporting the statewide strategic plan.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2986, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11027(b), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1834.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797y–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 60102 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 601 / Section 60102: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In sections 60101 to 60104 of this title:

(1) Crime of violence

The term "crime of violence" has the same meaning as in section 924(c)(3) of title 18.

(2) Private prisoner transport company

The term "private prisoner transport company" means any entity, other than the United States, a State, or an inferior political subdivision of a State, which engages in the business of the transporting for compensation, individuals committed to the custody of any State or of an inferior political subdivision of a State, or any attempt thereof.

(3) Violent prisoner

The term "violent prisoner" means any individual in the custody of a State or an inferior political subdivision of a State who has previously been convicted of or is currently charged with a crime of violence or any similar statute of a State or the inferior political subdivisions of a State, or any attempt thereof.

(Pub. L. 106–560, §3, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2784.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13726a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10754 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XLI / Section 10754: Evaluation
Evaluation
Status: in_force

Each State, Indian Tribe, unit of local government, or community-based nonprofit organization that receives a grant under this subchapter shall submit to the Attorney General an evaluation not later than 1 year after receipt of the grant in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, may reasonably require.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §3054, as added Pub. L. 116–281, §2(a), Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3384.)
34 U.S.C. § 10702 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXVIII / Section 10702: Applications
Applications
Status: in_force

To request a grant under this subchapter, the chief executive officer of a State, unit of local government, or Indian tribe shall submit an application to the Attorney General at such time and in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following:

(1) A certification that Federal funds made available under this subchapter will not be used to supplant State, local, or tribal funds, but will be used to increase the amounts of such funds that would, in the absence of Federal funds, be made available for the activities described in section 10701(a) of this title.

(2) An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant shall maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require.

(3) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that—

(A) the activities or services to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this subchapter;

(B) all the information contained in the application is correct;

(C) there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies; and

(D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this subchapter and all other applicable Federal laws.

(4) An assurance that the applicant will work with the Drug Enforcement Administration to develop an integrated and comprehensive strategy to address opioid abuse.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §3022, as added Pub. L. 114–198, title II, §201(a)(1), July 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 712.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797ff–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12242 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter II / Section 12242: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this part—

"child" means a person who is less than 7 years of age.

"community correctional facility" means a residential facility that—

(A) is used only for eligible offenders and their children under 7 years of age;

(B) is not within the confines of a jail or prison;

(C) houses no more than 50 prisoners in addition to their children; and

(D) provides to inmates and their children—

(i) a safe, stable, environment for children;

(ii) pediatric and adult medical care consistent with medical standards for correctional facilities;

(iii) programs to improve the stability of the parent-child relationship, including educating parents regarding—

(I) child development; and

(II) household management;

(iv) alcoholism and drug addiction treatment for prisoners; and

(v) programs and support services to help inmates—

(I) to improve and maintain mental and physical health, including access to counseling;

(II) to obtain adequate housing upon release from State incarceration;

(III) to obtain suitable education, employment, or training for employment; and

(IV) to obtain suitable child care.

"eligible offender" means a primary caretaker parent who—

(A) has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment of not more than 7 years or is awaiting sentencing for a conviction punishable by such a term of imprisonment; and

(B) has not engaged in conduct that—

(i) knowingly resulted in death or serious bodily injury;

(ii) is a felony for a crime of violence against a person; or

(iii) constitutes child neglect or mental, physical, or sexual abuse of a child.

"primary caretaker parent" means—

(A) a parent who has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health, and safety of a child prior to incarceration; or

(B) a woman who has given birth to a child after or while awaiting her sentencing hearing and who expresses a willingness to assume responsibility for the housing, health, and safety of that child,

a parent who, in the best interest of a child, has arranged for the temporary care of the child in the home of a relative or other responsible adult shall not for that reason be excluded from the category "primary caretaker".

"State" means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31903, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1893.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13882 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10614 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXX / Section 10614: Administration
Administration
Status: in_force

(a) Consultation

The Attorney General shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and any other appropriate officials in carrying out this subchapter.

(b) Use of components

The Attorney General may utilize any component or components of the Department of Justice in carrying out this subchapter.

(c) Regulatory authority

The Attorney General may issue regulations and guidelines necessary to carry out this subchapter.

(d) Applications

In addition to any other requirements that may be specified by the Attorney General, an application for a grant under this subchapter shall—

(1) include a long-term strategy and detailed implementation plan that shall provide for the consultation and coordination with appropriate State and local prosecutors, particularly when program participants fail to comply with program requirements;

(2) explain the applicant's inability to fund the program adequately without Federal assistance;

(3) certify that the Federal support provided will be used to supplement, and not supplant, State, Indian tribal, and local sources of funding that would otherwise be available;

(4) identify related governmental or community initiatives which complement or will be coordinated with the proposal;

(5) certify that there has been appropriate consultation with all affected agencies and that there will be appropriate coordination with all affected agencies in the implementation of the program;

(6) certify that participating offenders will be supervised by 1 or more designated judges with responsibility for the drug court program;

(7) specify plans for obtaining necessary support and continuing the proposed program following the conclusion of Federal support; and

(8) describe the methodology that will be used in evaluating the program.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2954, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2301(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1796.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797u–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10308 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XI / Section 10308: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part such sums as may be necessary.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1218, as added Pub. L. 104–238, §2(2), Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3117.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796d–7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 30504 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 305 / Section 30504: Grant program
Grant program
Status: in_force

(a) Authority to award grants

The Office of Justice Programs of the Department of Justice may award grants, in accordance with such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, to State, local, or tribal programs designed to combat hate crimes committed by juveniles, including programs to train local law enforcement officers in identifying, investigating, prosecuting, and preventing hate crimes.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4705, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2838.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3716a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 11295a (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter IV / Section 11295a: Reporting
Reporting
Status: in_force

(a) Required reporting

As a condition of receiving funds under section 11293(b) of this title, the grant recipient shall, based solely on reports received by the grantee and not involving any data collection by the grantee other than those reports, annually provide to the Administrator and make available to the general public, as appropriate—

(1) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing;

(2) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as victims of non-family abductions;

(3) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as victims of family abductions;

(4) the number of missing children recovered nationwide whose recovery was reported to the grantee;

(5) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing from State-sponsored care;

(6) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing from State-sponsored care whose recovery was reported to the grantee; and

(7) the number of children nationwide who are reported to the grantee as missing from State-sponsored care and are likely victims of child sex trafficking.

(b) Incidence of attempted child abductions

As a condition of receiving funds under section 11293(b) of this title, the grant recipient shall—

(1) track the incidence of attempted child abductions in order to identify links and patterns;

(2) provide such information to law enforcement agencies; and

(3) make such information available to the general public, as appropriate.

(c) Criteria for forensic partnerships

As a condition of receiving funds under section 11293(b) of this title, the grant recipient shall annually provide to the Administrator and make available to the general public, as appropriate, the criteria and processes the grantee uses to establish forensic partnerships and recommend forensic resources to law enforcement and shall annually review these forensic partnerships and forensic referrals against the criteria and review new advancements in technology.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, §407, as added Pub. L. 115–267, §2(e)(2), Oct. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 3760, and Pub. L. 115–393, title II, §202(e)(2), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5271; amended Pub. L. 118–65, §2(c), June 17, 2024, 138 Stat. 1442.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 115–267 and Pub. L. 115–393 enacted identical sections.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 407 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 408 and is classified to section 11296 of this title.

Another prior section 407 of title IV of Pub. L. 93–415, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title XVII, §170303(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2043, established the Missing and Exploited Children's Task Force, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–240, §5(1), June 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 1564.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 118–65, §2(c)(1), added pars. (5) to (7).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–65, §2(c)(2), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 11, 2018, and applicable to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2018, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–267, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment note under section 11291 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 12532 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter V / Section 12532: Gang investigation coordination and information collection
Gang investigation coordination and information collection
Status: in_force

(a) Coordination

The Attorney General (or the Attorney General's designee), in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury (or the Secretary's designee), shall develop a national strategy to coordinate gang-related investigations by Federal law enforcement agencies.

(b) Data collection

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall acquire and collect information on incidents of gang violence for inclusion in an annual uniform crime report.

(c) Report

The Attorney General shall prepare a report on national gang violence outlining the strategy developed under subsection (a) to be submitted to the President and Congress by January 1, 1996.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XV, §150008, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2036.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14062 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10562 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXVII / Section 10562: Applications
Applications
Status: in_force

To request a grant under this subchapter, a State or unit of local government shall submit to the Attorney General—

(1) a certification that the State or unit of local government has developed a plan for forensic science laboratories under a program described in section 10564(a) of this title, and a specific description of the manner in which the grant will be used to carry out that plan;

(2) a certification that any forensic science laboratory system, medical examiner's office, or coroner's office in the State, including any laboratory operated by a unit of local government within the State, that will receive any portion of the grant amount uses generally accepted laboratory practices and procedures, established by accrediting organizations or appropriate certifying bodies and, except with regard to any medical examiner's office, or coroner's office in the State, is accredited by an accrediting body that is a signatory to an internationally recognized arrangement and that offers accreditation to forensic science conformity assessment bodies using an accreditation standard that is recognized by that internationally recognized arrangement, or attests, in a manner that is legally binding and enforceable, to use a portion of the grant amount to prepare and apply for such accreditation not more than 2 years after the date on which a grant is awarded under section 10561 of this title;

(3) a specific description of any new facility to be constructed as part of the program for a State or local plan described in paragraph (1), and the estimated costs of that facility, and a certification that the amount of the grant used for the costs of the facility will not exceed the limitations set forth in section 10564(c) of this title; and

(4) a certification that a government entity exists and an appropriate process is in place to conduct independent external investigations into allegations of serious negligence or misconduct substantially affecting the integrity of the forensic results committed by employees or contractors of any forensic laboratory system, medical examiner's office, coroner's office, law enforcement storage facility, or medical facility in the State that will receive a portion of the grant amount.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2802, as added Pub. L. 106–561, §2(c)(1), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2788; amended Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title V, §5001(b)(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1813; Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §311(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2277; Pub. L. 114–324, §9(a)(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1954.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797k of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Amendments

2016—Par. (2). Pub. L. 114–324 inserted "and, except with regard to any medical examiner's office, or coroner's office in the State, is accredited by an accrediting body that is a signatory to an internationally recognized arrangement and that offers accreditation to forensic science conformity assessment bodies using an accreditation standard that is recognized by that internationally recognized arrangement, or attests, in a manner that is legally binding and enforceable, to use a portion of the grant amount to prepare and apply for such accreditation not more than 2 years after the date on which a grant is awarded under section 3797j of this title" after "bodies".

2004—Par. (4). Pub. L. 108–405 added par. (4).

2002—Pub. L. 107–273, §5001(b)(2)(A), inserted "or unit of local government" after "State" in introductory provisions.

Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–273, §5001(b)(2)(B), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "a certification that the State has developed a consolidated State plan for forensic science laboratories operated by the State or by other units of local government within the State under a program described in section 3797m(a) of this title, and a specific description of the manner in which the grant will be used to carry out that plan;".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–273, §5001(b)(2)(C), inserted "or appropriate certifying bodies" after "accrediting organizations".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 107–273, §5001(b)(2)(D), inserted "for a State or local plan" after "program".
34 U.S.C. § 11275 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11275: Restrictions on disclosure and transfer
Restrictions on disclosure and transfer
Status: in_force

Records containing the identity of individual youths pursuant to this chapter may under no circumstances be disclosed or transferred to any individual or to any public or private agency.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §384, formerly §321, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1132; Pub. L. 95–115, §7(b), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1058; renumbered §363, Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7273(e)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4455; renumbered §383, Pub. L. 102–586, §3(g)(1)(A)(ii), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5022; renumbered §384, Pub. L. 106–71, §3(q), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1042.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109, known as the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5731 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 384 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 386 and is classified to section 11277 of this title.

Amendments

1977—Pub. L. 95–115 substituted provisions relating to restrictions on disclosure and transfer of records, for provisions relating to scope, etc., of statistical report to Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–115 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93–415, as added by Pub. L. 95–115 and repealed by Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7266(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449, formerly set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 50312 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 503 / Subchapter I / Section 50312: Nominations
Nominations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A Federal agency head may nominate for a Federal Law Enforcement Badge an individual—

(1) who is a Federal law enforcement officer working within the agency of the Federal agency head making the nomination; and

(2) who—

(A)(i) sustained a physical injury while—

(I) engaged in the lawful duties of the individual; and

(II) performing an act characterized as bravery by the Federal agency head making the nomination; and

(ii) put the individual at personal risk when the injury described in clause (i) occurred; or

(B) while not injured, performed an act characterized as bravery by the Federal agency head making the nomination that placed the individual at risk of serious physical injury or death.

(b) Contents

A nomination under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) a written narrative, of not more than 2 pages, describing the circumstances under which the nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a) and how the circumstances meet the criteria described in such subsection;

(2) the full name of the nominee;

(3) the home mailing address of the nominee;

(4) the agency in which the nominee served on the date when such nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a);

(5) the occupational title and grade or rank of the nominee;

(6) the field office address of the nominee on the date when such nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a); and

(7) the number of years of Government service by the nominee as of the date when such nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a).

(c) Submission deadline

A Federal agency head shall submit each nomination under subsection (a) to the Office not later than February 15 of the year following the date on which the nominee performed the act of bravery described in subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 110–298, title I, §102, July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2986.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 15242 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12441 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12441: Grants to protect the privacy and confidentiality of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking
Grants to protect the privacy and confidentiality of victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking
Status: in_force

The Attorney General, through the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women, may award grants under this part to States, Indian tribes, territories, or local agencies or nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations to ensure that personally identifying information of adult, youth, and child victims of domestic violence, sexual violence, stalking, and dating violence shall not be released or disclosed to the detriment of such victimized persons.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §41101, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title I, §107, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2983.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14043b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10288 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XI / Section 10288: Due diligence in paying benefit claims
Due diligence in paying benefit claims
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Bureau, with all due diligence, shall expeditiously attempt to obtain the information and documentation necessary to adjudicate a benefit claim filed under this subchapter, including a claim for financial assistance under part B.

(b) Sufficient information unavailable

If a benefit claim filed under this subchapter, including a claim for financial assistance under part B, is unable to be adjudicated by the Bureau because of a lack of information or documentation from a third party, such as a public agency, and such information is not readily available to the claimant, the Bureau—

(1) may use available investigative tools, including subpoenas, to—

(A) adjudicate or to expedite the processing of the benefit claim, if the Bureau deems such use to be necessary to adjudicate or conducive to expediting the adjudication of such claim; and

(B) obtain information or documentation from third parties, including public agencies, if the Bureau deems such use to be necessary to adjudicate or conducive to expediting the adjudication of a claim; and

(2) may not abandon the benefit claim unless the Bureau has used investigative tools, including subpoenas, to obtain the information or documentation deemed necessary to adjudicate such claim by the Bureau under subparagraph (1)(B).

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1206, as added Pub. L. 115–36, §4, June 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 852; amended Pub. L. 117–61, §4, Nov. 18, 2021, 135 Stat. 1478.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796c–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–61 substituted "the Bureau—" and pars. (1) and (2) for "the Bureau may not abandon the benefit claim unless the Bureau has utilized the investigative tools available to the Bureau to obtain the necessary information or documentation, including subpoenas.".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–61 effective Nov. 18, 2021, and applicable to any matter pending, before the Bureau or otherwise, on Nov. 18, 2021, or filed (consistent with pre-existing effective dates) or accruing after that date, see section 8(a) and (b)(2) of Pub. L. 117–61, set out in a note under section 10281 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective June 2, 2017, and applicable to any benefit claim or application under this subchapter pending before the Bureau of Justice Assistance on such date or received by the Bureau on or after such date, see section 6 of Pub. L. 115–36, set out as an Effective Date of 2017 Amendment note under section 10282 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 20711 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 207 / Section 20711: Establishing a national strategy to combat human trafficking
Establishing a national strategy to combat human trafficking
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall implement and maintain a National Strategy for Combating Human Trafficking (referred to in this section as the "National Strategy") in accordance with this section.

(b) Required contents of National Strategy

The National Strategy shall include the following:

(1) Integrated Federal, State, local, and tribal efforts to investigate and prosecute human trafficking cases, including—

(A) the development by each United States attorney, in consultation with State, local, and tribal government agencies, of a district-specific strategic plan to coordinate the identification of victims and the investigation and prosecution of human trafficking crimes;

(B) the participation in any Federal, State, local, or tribal human trafficking task force operating in the district of the United States attorney; and

(C) any other efforts intended to enhance the level of coordination and cooperation, as determined by the Attorney General.

(2) Case coordination within the Department of Justice, including specific integration, coordination, and collaboration, as appropriate, on human trafficking investigations between and among the United States attorneys, the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(3) Annual budget priorities and Federal efforts dedicated to preventing and combating human trafficking, including resources dedicated to the Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit, the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and all other entities that receive Federal support that have a goal or mission to combat the exploitation of adults and children.

(4) An ongoing assessment of the future trends, challenges, and opportunities, including new investigative strategies, techniques, and technologies, that will enhance Federal, State, local, and tribal efforts to combat human trafficking.

(5) Encouragement of cooperation, coordination, and mutual support between private sector and other entities and organizations and Federal agencies to combat human trafficking, including the involvement of State, local, and tribal government agencies to the extent Federal programs are involved.

(6) A national strategy to prevent human trafficking and reduce demand for human trafficking victims.

(c) Human Trafficking Justice Coordinators

The Attorney General shall designate in each Federal judicial district not less than 1 assistant United States attorney to serve as the Human Trafficking Coordinator for the district who, in addition to any other responsibilities, works with a human trafficking victim-witness specialist and shall be responsible for—

(1) implementing the National Strategy with respect to all forms of human trafficking, including labor trafficking and sex trafficking;

(2) prosecuting, or assisting in the prosecution of, human trafficking cases;

(3) conducting public outreach and awareness activities relating to human trafficking;

(4) ensuring the collection of data required to be collected under clause (viii) of section 7103(d)(7)(Q) of title 22, as added by section 17 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017,1 is sought;

(5) coordinating with other Federal agencies, State, tribal, and local law enforcement agencies, victim service providers, and other relevant non-governmental organizations to build partnerships on activities relating to human trafficking; and

(6) ensuring the collection of restitution for victims is sought as required to be ordered under section 1593 of title 18 and section 2429 of such title, as added by section 3 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017.

(d) Department of Justice Coordinator

Not later than 60 days after December 21, 2018, the Attorney General shall designate an official who shall coordinate human trafficking efforts within the Department of Justice who, in addition to any other responsibilities, shall be responsible for—

(1) coordinating, promoting, and supporting the work of the Department of Justice relating to human trafficking, including investigation, prosecution, training, outreach, victim support, grant-making, and policy activities;

(2) in consultation with survivors of human trafficking, or anti-human trafficking organizations, producing and disseminating, including making publicly available when appropriate, replication guides and training materials for law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, emergency responders, individuals working in victim services, adult and child protective services, social services, and public safety, medical personnel, mental health personnel, financial services personnel, and any other individuals whose work may bring them in contact with human trafficking regarding how to—

(A) identify signs of human trafficking;

(B) conduct investigations in human trafficking cases;

(C) address evidentiary issues and other legal issues; and

(D) appropriately assess, respond to, and interact with victims and witnesses in human trafficking cases, including in administrative, civil, and criminal judicial proceedings; and

(3) carrying out such other duties as the Attorney General determines necessary in connection with enhancing the understanding, prevention, and detection of, and response to, human trafficking.

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, §211, formerly Pub. L. 114–22, title VI, §606, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 260; Pub. L. 115–392, §§9, 15, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5254, 5256; renumbered §211 of Pub. L. 109–164, Pub. L. 117–347, title I, §106(b)(1), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6204.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Clause (viii) of section 7103(d)(7)(Q) of title 22, as added by section 17 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017, referred to subsec. (c)(4), probably should be a reference to the clause as added by section 16 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017, which is section 16 of Pub. L. 115–392, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5257.

Section 2429 of such title, as added by section 3 of the Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), means section 2429 of title 18, as added by section 3(a) of Pub. L. 115–392, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5251.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14044h of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 115–392, §15(1), redesignated subpars. (C) and (D) as (B) and (C), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "the appointment of not fewer than 1 assistant United States attorney in each district dedicated to the prosecution of human trafficking cases or responsible for implementing the National Strategy;".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 115–392, §9, added par. (6).

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 115–392, §15(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 12559 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12559: State plan requirements
State plan requirements
Status: in_force

A State Police Corps plan shall—

(1) provide for the screening and selection of participants in accordance with the criteria set out in section 12556 of this title;

(2) state procedures governing the assignment of participants in the Police Corps program to State and local police forces (except with permission of the Director, no more than 25 percent of all the participants assigned in each year by each State to be assigned to a statewide police force or forces);

(3) provide that participants shall be assigned to those geographic areas in which—

(A) there is the greatest need for additional law enforcement personnel; and

(B) the participants will be used most effectively;

(4) provide that to the extent consistent with paragraph (3), a participant shall be assigned to an area near the participant's home or such other place as the participant may request;

(5) provide that to the extent feasible, a participant's assignment shall be made at the time the participant is accepted into the program, subject to change—

(A) prior to commencement of a participant's fourth year of undergraduate study, under such circumstances as the plan may specify; and

(B) from commencement of a participant's fourth year of undergraduate study until completion of 4 years of police service by participant, only for compelling reasons or to meet the needs of the State Police Corps program and only with the consent of the participant;

(6) provide that no participant shall be assigned to serve with a local police force—

(A) whose size has declined by more than 5 percent since June 21, 1989; or

(B) which has members who have been laid off but not retired;

(7) provide that participants shall be placed and to the extent feasible kept on community and preventive patrol;

(8) ensure that participants will receive effective training and leadership;

(9) provide that the State may decline to offer a participant an appointment following completion of Federal training, or may remove a participant from the Police Corps program at any time, only for good cause (including failure to make satisfactory progress in a course of educational study) and after following reasonable review procedures stated in the plan; and

(10) provide that a participant shall, while serving as a member of a police force, be compensated at the same rate of pay and benefits and enjoy the same rights under applicable agreements with labor organizations and under State and local law as other police officers of the same rank and tenure in the police force of which the participant is a member.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200110, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2056; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11006(3), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1817.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14099 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2002—Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "except with permission of the Director, no more than 25 percent" for "no more than 10 percent".
34 U.S.C. § 20941 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter I / Section 20941: Federal assistance with respect to violations of registration requirements
Federal assistance with respect to violations of registration requirements
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall use the resources of Federal law enforcement, including the United States Marshals Service, to assist jurisdictions in locating and apprehending sex offenders who violate sex offender registration requirements. For the purposes of section 566(e)(1)(B) of title 28, a sex offender who violates a sex offender registration requirement shall be deemed a fugitive.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2007 through 2009 to implement this section.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §142, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 604.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16941 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20986 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter III / Section 20986: Children's safety online awareness campaigns
Children's safety online awareness campaigns
Status: in_force

(a) Awareness campaign for children's safety online

(1) In general

The Attorney General, in consultation with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, is authorized to develop and carry out a public awareness campaign to demonstrate, explain, and encourage children, parents, and community leaders to better protect children when such children are on the Internet.

(2) Required components

The public awareness campaign described under paragraph (1) shall include components that compliment 1 and reinforce the campaign message in a variety of media, including the Internet, television, radio, and billboards.

(b) Awareness campaign regarding the accessibility and utilization of sex offender registries

The Attorney General, in consultation with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, is authorized to develop and carry out a public awareness campaign to demonstrate, explain, and encourage parents and community leaders to better access and utilize the Federal and State sex offender registries.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for fiscal years 2007 through 2011.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §629, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 640.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16986 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

1 So in original. Probably should be "complement".
34 U.S.C. § 10615 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXX / Section 10615: Applications
Applications
Status: in_force

To request funds under this subchapter, the chief executive or the chief justice of a State or the chief executive or judge of a unit of local government or Indian tribal government, or the chief judge of a State court or the judge of a local court or Indian tribal court shall submit an application to the Attorney General in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General may reasonably require.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2955, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2301(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1797.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797u–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12514 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12514: Pilot program on restorative practices
Pilot program on restorative practices
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Director

The term "Director" means the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women.

(2) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a State;

(B) a unit of local government;

(C) a tribal government;

(D) a tribal organization;

(E) a victim service provider;

(F) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001(a) of title 20; and

(G) a private or public nonprofit organization, including—

(i) a tribal nonprofit organization; and

(ii) a faith-based nonprofit organization.

(3) Restorative practice

The term "restorative practice" means a practice relating to a specific harm that—

(A) is community-based and unaffiliated with any civil or criminal legal process;

(B) is initiated by a victim of the harm;

(C) involves, on a voluntary basis and without any evidence of coercion or intimidation of any victim of the harm by any individual who committed the harm or anyone associated with any such individual—

(i) 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;

(ii) 1 or more victims of the harm; and

(iii) the community affected by the harm through 1 or more representatives of the community;

(D) shall include and has the goal of—

(i) collectively seeking accountability from 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;

(ii) developing a written process whereby 1 or more individuals who committed the harm will take responsibility for the actions that caused harm to 1 or more victims of the harm; and

(iii) developing a written course of action plan—

(I) that is responsive to the needs of 1 or more victims of the harm; and

(II) upon which 1 or more victims, 1 or more individuals who committed the harm, and the community can agree; and

(E) is conducted in a victim services framework that protects the safety and supports the autonomy of 1 or more victims of the harm and the community.

(b) Grants authorized

The Director shall award grants to eligible entities to develop and implement a program, or to assess best practices, for—

(1) restorative practices to prevent or address domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking;

(2) training by eligible entities, or for eligible entities, courts, or prosecutors, on restorative practices and program implementation; and

(3) evaluations of a restorative practice described in paragraph (1).

(c) Priority

In awarding grants under subsection (b), the Director shall give priority to eligible entities that submit proposals that meaningfully address the needs of culturally specific or underserved populations.

(d) Qualifications

To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall demonstrate a history of comprehensive training and experience in working with victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking.

(e) Program requirements

(1) In general

An eligible entity or a subgrantee of an eligible entity that offers a restorative practices program with funds awarded under this section shall ensure that such program—

(A) includes set practices and procedures for screening the suitability of any individual who committed a harm based on—

(i) the history of civil and criminal complaints against the individual involving domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, or stalking;

(ii) parole or probation violations of the individual or whether active parole or probation supervision of the individual is being conducted for prior offenses involving domestic violence, sexual assault, dating violence, or stalking;

(iii) the risk to the safety of any victim of the harm based on an evidence-based risk assessment;

(iv) the risk to public safety, including an evidence-based risk assessment of the danger to the public; and

(v) past participation of any individual who committed the harm in restorative practice programing; and

(B) denies eligibility to participate in the program for any individual who committed a harm against whom there is—

(i) a pending felony or misdemeanor prosecution for an offense against any victim of the harm or a dependent of any such victim;

(ii) a restraining order or a protection order (as defined in section 2266 of title 18) that protects any victim of the harm or a dependent of any such victim, unless there is an exception in the restraining order or protective order allowing for participation in a restorative practices program;

(iii) a pending criminal charge involving or relating to sexual assault, including rape, human trafficking, or child abuse, including child sexual abuse; or

(iv) a conviction for child sexual abuse against the victim or a sibling of the victim if the victim or sibling of the victim is currently a minor.

(2) Referral

With respect to a risk assessment described in paragraph (1)(A)(iii) for which an eligible entity or a subgrantee of an eligible entity determines that a victim or a dependent of a victim are at significant risk of subsequent serious injury, sexual assault, or death, the eligible entity or subgrantee shall refer the victim or dependent to other victim services, instead of restorative practices.

(f) Nondisclosure of confidential or private information

For the purpose of section 12291(b)(2) of this title, an individual described in subsection (a)(3)(C) shall be considered a person receiving services.

(g) Relation to criminal justice intervention

Restorative practices performed with funds awarded under this section are not intended to function as a replacement for criminal justice intervention for a specific harm.

(h) Reports

(1) Report to Director

As a part of the report required to be submitted under section 12291(b)(6) of this title, an eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall annually submit to the Director information relating to the effectiveness of the restorative practices carried out with amounts from the grant, including—

(A) the number of individuals for whom the eligible entity supported a restorative practice;

(B) if applicable, the number of individuals who—

(i) sought restorative practices from the eligible entity; and

(ii) the eligible entity could not serve;

(C) if applicable, the number of individuals—

(i) who sought restorative practice training;

(ii) who received restorative practice training;

(iii) who provided restorative practice training; and

(iv) to whom the eligible entity could not provide restorative practice training;

(D) a victim evaluation component that is documented through survey or interview, including the satisfaction of victims of a harm with the restorative practice services;

(E) if applicable, the number of individuals who committed a harm and—

(i) successfully completed and executed a written course of action plan;

(ii) failed to successfully complete and execute a written course of action plan; and

(iii) were involved in a criminal or civil complaint involving domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking against the victims 1 or victims during the course of the restorative practice process; and

(F) any other qualitative or quantitative information determined by the Director.

(2) Report to Congress

Not later than 2 years after March 15, 2022, and biennially thereafter, the Director shall submit to Congress a report that summarizes the reports received by the Director under paragraph (1).

(i) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §41801, as added Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title I, §109(a), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 852.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as a note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

1 So in original.
34 U.S.C. § 21902 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 219 / Section 21902: Ashanti Alert communications network
Ashanti Alert communications network
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, establish a national communications network within the Office of Justice Programs of the Department of Justice to provide assistance to regional and local search efforts for missing adults through the initiation, facilitation, and promotion of local elements of the network, in coordination with States, Indian Tribes, units of local government, law enforcement agencies, and other concerned entities with expertise in providing services to adults.

(b) Integration with existing communications network

In establishing the Ashanti Alert communications network under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall coordinate, when advisable, with missing person alert systems in existence as of December 31, 2018, such as the AMBER Alert communications network and Silver Alert communications networks.

(Pub. L. 106–468, title II, §202, as added Pub. L. 115–401, §2(5), Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5337.)
34 U.S.C. § 12252 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter II / Section 12252: Eligibility to receive grants
Eligibility to receive grants
Status: in_force

To be eligible to receive a grant under section 12251 of this title, a State shall submit to the Attorney General an application at such time, in such form, and containing such information as the Attorney General reasonably may require by rule.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31912, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1895.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13892 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10283 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XI / Section 10283: National programs for families of public safety officers who have sustained fatal or catastrophic injury in the line of duty
National programs for families of public safety officers who have sustained fatal or catastrophic injury in the line of duty
Status: in_force

The Director is authorized to use no less than $150,000 of the funds appropriated for this subchapter to maintain and enhance national peer support and counseling programs to assist families of public safety officers who have sustained fatal or catastrophic injury in the line of duty.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1203, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6106(a)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4341; amended Pub. L. 105–180, §2(a), June 16, 1998, 112 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1086(b)(1)(D), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1966.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796a–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1203 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 1204 and is classified to section 10284 of this title.

Another prior section 1203 of Pub. L. 90–351, title VII, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 237, was set out in the Appendix to Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–308, §104(b), May 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 459.

Amendments

2013—Pub. L. 112–239 substituted "who have sustained fatal or catastrophic injury in the line of duty" for "who have died in the line of duty" in section catchline and text.

1998—Pub. L. 105–180 amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Director is authorized and directed to use up to $150,000 of the funds appropriated for this subchapter to establish national programs to assist the families of public safety officers who have died in the line of duty."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–239 effective Jan. 2, 2013, and applicable to matters pending on Jan. 2, 2013, or filed or accruing after that date, with certain exceptions, see section 1086(d) of Pub. L. 112–239, set out as a note under section 10251 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 21731 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 217 / Subchapter III / Section 21731: Report
Report
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not later than 1 year after the date on which the collection of statistical data under section 21722(a)(1) of this title begins and once each year thereafter, the Director of the Office for Victims of Crime shall submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives that addresses, to the extent data are available, the nature, extent, and amount of funding under the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601 et seq.) 1 for victims of crime who are elders.

(b) Contents

The report required under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) an analysis of victims' assistance, victims' compensation, and discretionary grants under which elder abuse victims (including elder victims of financial abuse, financial exploitation, and fraud) received assistance; and

(2) recommendations for improving services for victims of elder abuse.

(Pub. L. 115–70, title III, §302, Oct. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1212.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Victims of Crime Act of 1984, referred to in subsec. (a), is chapter XIV of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2170, which was classified principally to chapter 112 (§10601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification as chapter 201 (§20101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1984 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 40742 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 407 / Subchapter III / Section 40742: Grants to States to implement DNA arrestee collection processes
Grants to States to implement DNA arrestee collection processes
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall, subject to amounts made available pursuant to section 40744 of this title, carry out a grant program for the purpose of assisting States with the costs associated with the implementation of DNA arrestee collection processes.

(b) Applications

(1) In general

To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, in addition to any other requirements specified by the Attorney General, a State shall submit to the Attorney General an application that demonstrates that it has statutory authorization for the implementation of a DNA arrestee collection process.

(2) Non-supplanting funds

An application submitted under paragraph (1) by a State shall include assurances that the amounts received under the grant under this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant, State funds that would otherwise be available for the purpose described in subsection (a).

(3) Other requirements

The Attorney General shall require a State seeking a grant under this section to document how such State will use the grant to meet expenses associated with a State's implementation or planned implementation of a DNA arrestee collection process.

(c) Grant allocation

(1) In general

The amount available to a State under this section shall be based on the projected costs that will be incurred by the State to implement a DNA arrestee collection process. Subject to paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall retain discretion to determine the amount of each such grant awarded to an eligible State.

(2) Maximum grant allocation

In the case of a State seeking a grant under this section with respect to the implementation of a DNA arrestee collection process, such State shall be eligible for a grant under this section that is equal to no more than 100 percent of the first year costs to the State of implementing such process.

(d) Grant conditions

As a condition of receiving a grant under this section, a State shall have a procedure in place to—

(1) provide written notification of expungement provisions and instructions for requesting expungement to all persons who submit a DNA profile or DNA data for inclusion in the index;

(2) provide the eligibility criteria for expungement and instructions for requesting expungement on an appropriate public Web site; and

(3) make a determination on all expungement requests not later than 90 days after receipt and provide a written response of the determination to the requesting party.

(Pub. L. 112–253, §3, Jan. 10, 2013, 126 Stat. 2408.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14137a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12494 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12494: Prohibition on retaliation
Prohibition on retaliation
Status: in_force

(a) Non-retaliation requirement

No public housing agency or owner or manager of housing assisted under a covered housing program shall discriminate against any person because that person has opposed any act or practice made unlawful by this part, or because that person testified, assisted, or participated in any matter related to this subpart.

(b) Prohibition on coercion

No public housing agency or owner or manager of housing assisted under a covered housing program shall coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere with, or retaliate against, any person in the exercise or enjoyment of, on account of the person having exercised or enjoyed, or on account of the person having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or enjoyment of, any rights or protections under this subpart, including—

(1) intimidating or threatening any person because that person is assisting or encouraging a person entitled to claim the rights or protections under this subpart; and

(2) retaliating against any person because that person has participated in any investigation or action to enforce this subpart.

(c) Implementation

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Attorney General shall implement and enforce this subpart consistent with, and in a manner that provides, the rights and remedies provided for in title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §41414, as added Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title VI, §602, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 884.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Civil Rights Act of 1968, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 73. Title VIII of the Act, known as the Fair Housing Act, is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title VI, §602, which directed the addition of this section to chapter 2 of subtitle N of title IV of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 12491 et seq.), was executed by adding this section to chapter 2 of subtitle N of title IV of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as a note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
34 U.S.C. § 60701 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 607 / Section 60701: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "firearms offenses" means an offense under section 922 or 924 of title 18;

(2) the term "Program" means the Project Safe Neighborhoods Block Grant Program established under section 60702 of this title; and

(3) the term "transnational organized crime group" has the meaning given such term in section 2708(k)(6) of title 22.

(Pub. L. 115–185, §2, June 18, 2018, 132 Stat. 1485.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

For short title of Pub. L. 115–185, which is classified to this chapter, as the "Project Safe Neighborhoods Grant Program Authorization Act of 2018", see section 1 of Pub. L. 115–185, set out as a Short Title of 2018 Amendment note under section 10101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 12143 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter II / Section 12143: Program requirements
Program requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Description

An applicant shall include a description of the distinctive factors that contribute to chronic violent crime within the area proposed to be served by the grant. Such factors may include lack of alternative activities and programs for youth, deterioration or lack of public facilities, inadequate public services such as public transportation, street lighting, community-based substance abuse treatment facilities, or employment services offices, and inadequate police or public safety services, equipment, or facilities.

(b) Comprehensive plan

An applicant shall include a comprehensive, community-based plan to attack intensively the principal factors identified in subsection (a). Such plans shall describe the specific purposes for which funds are proposed to be used and how each purpose will address specific factors. The plan also shall specify how local nonprofit organizations, government agencies, private businesses, citizens groups, volunteer organizations, and interested citizens will cooperate in carrying out the purposes of the grant.

(c) Evaluation

An applicant shall include an evaluation plan by which the success of the plan will be measured, including the articulation of specific, objective indicia of performance, how the indicia will be evaluated, and a projected timetable for carrying out the evaluation.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §30303, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1845.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13773 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12410 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12410: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this part—

(1) the term "national crime information databases" refers to the National Crime Information Center and its incorporated criminal history databases, including the Interstate Identification Index; and

(2) the term "protection order" includes an injunction or any other order issued for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, or contact or communication with or physical proximity to, another person, including temporary and final orders issued by civil or criminal courts (other than support or child custody orders) whether obtained by filing an independent action or as a pendente lite order in another proceeding so long as any civil order was issued in response to a complaint, petition, or motion filed by or on behalf of a person seeking protection.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40611, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1952.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14040 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 50331 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 503 / Subchapter III / Section 50331: Congressional Badge of Bravery Office
Congressional Badge of Bravery Office
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established within the Department of Justice a Congressional Badge of Bravery Office.

(b) Duties

The Office shall—

(1) receive nominations from Federal agency heads on behalf of the Federal Board and deliver such nominations to the Federal Board at Federal Board meetings described in section 50313(d)(2) of this title;

(2) receive nominations from State or local agency heads on behalf of the State and Local Board and deliver such nominations to the State and Local Board at State and Local Board meetings described in section 50323(d)(2) of this title; and

(3) provide staff support to the Federal Board and the State and Local Board to carry out the duties described in section 50313(b) and section 50323(b) of this title, respectively.

(Pub. L. 110–298, title III, §301, July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2994.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 15261 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12123 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter I / Section 12123: Conversion of closed military installations into Federal prison facilities
Conversion of closed military installations into Federal prison facilities
Status: in_force

(a) Study of suitable bases

The Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General shall jointly conduct a study of all military installations selected before September 13, 1994, to be closed pursuant to a base closure law for the purpose of evaluating the suitability of any of these installations, or portions of these installations, for conversion into Federal prison facilities. As part of the study, the Secretary and the Attorney General shall identify the military installations so evaluated that are most suitable for conversion into Federal prison facilities.

(b) Suitability for conversion

In evaluating the suitability of a military installation for conversion into a Federal prison facility, the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General shall consider the estimated cost to convert the installation into a prison facility and such other factors as the Secretary and the Attorney General consider to be appropriate.

(c) Time for study

The study required by subsection (a) shall be completed not later than the date that is 180 days after September 13, 1994.

(d) Construction of Federal prisons

(1) In general

In determining where to locate any new Federal prison facility, and in accordance with the Department of Justice's duty to review and identify a use for any portion of an installation closed pursuant to title II of the Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act (Public Law 100–526) and the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 101–510), the Attorney General shall—

(A) consider whether using any portion of a military installation closed or scheduled to be closed in the region pursuant to a base closure law provides a cost-effective alternative to the purchase of real property or construction of new prison facilities;

(B) consider whether such use is consistent with a reutilization and redevelopment plan; and

(C) give consideration to any installation located in a rural area the closure of which will have a substantial adverse impact on the economy of the local communities and on the ability of the communities to sustain an economic recovery from such closure.

(2) Consent

With regard to paragraph (1)(B), consent must be obtained from the local re-use authority for the military installation, recognized and funded by the Secretary of Defense, before the Attorney General may proceed with plans for the design or construction of a prison at the installation.

(3) Report on basis of decision

Before proceeding with plans for the design or construction of a Federal prison, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report explaining the basis of the decision on where to locate the new prison facility.

(4) Report on cost-effectiveness

If the Attorney General decides not to utilize any portion of a closed military installation or an installation scheduled to be closed for locating a prison, the report shall include an analysis of why installations in the region, the use of which as a prison would be consistent with a reutilization and redevelopment plan, does not provide a cost-effective alternative to the purchase of real property or construction of new prison facilities.

(e) "Base closure law" defined

In this section, "base closure law" means—

(1) the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note); and

(2) title II of the Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act (Public Law 100–526; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note).

(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20413, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1829.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act, referred to in subsecs. (d)(1) and (e)(2), is Pub. L. 100–526, Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2623. Title II of the Act is set out as a note under section 2687 of Title 10, Armed Forces. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 2687 of Title 10 and Tables.

The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, referred to in subsecs. (d)(1) and (e)(1), is part A of title XXIX of div. B of Pub. L. 101–510, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1808, which is set out as a note under section 2687 of Title 10. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13724 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10619 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXX / Section 10619: Technical assistance, training, and evaluation
Technical assistance, training, and evaluation
Status: in_force

(a) Technical assistance and training

The Attorney General may provide technical assistance and training in furtherance of the purposes of this subchapter, including training for drug court personnel and officials on identifying and addressing co-occurring substance abuse and mental health problems.

(b) Evaluations

In addition to any evaluation requirements that may be prescribed for grantees (including uniform data collection standards and reporting requirements), the Attorney General shall carry out or make arrangements for evaluations of programs that receive support under this subchapter.

(c) Administration

The technical assistance, training, and evaluations authorized by this section may be carried out directly by the Attorney General, in collaboration with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, or through grants, contracts, or other cooperative arrangements with other entities.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2959, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, §2301(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1797; amended Pub. L. 114–255, div. B, title XIV, §14007(2), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1296.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797u–8 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–255 inserted before period at end ", including training for drug court personnel and officials on identifying and addressing co-occurring substance abuse and mental health problems".
34 U.S.C. § 11241 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11241: Coordination
Coordination
Status: in_force

With respect to matters relating to the health, education, employment, and housing of runaway and homeless youth, the Secretary—

(1) in conjunction with the Attorney General, shall coordinate the activities of agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services with activities under any other Federal juvenile crime control, prevention, and juvenile offender accountability program and with the activities of other Federal entities;

(2) shall coordinate the activities of agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services with the activities of other Federal entities and with the activities of entities that are eligible to receive grants under this subchapter; and

(3) shall consult, as appropriate, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to ensure coordination of programs and services for homeless youth.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §341, as added Pub. L. 102–586, §3(g)(1)(C), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5023; amended Pub. L. 106–71, §3(g), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1038; Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §112, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1169.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5714–21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 341 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 380 and is classified to section 11271 of this title.

Amendments

2003—Par. (3). Pub. L. 108–96 added par. (3).

1999—Pub. L. 106–71 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "With respect to matters relating to the health, education, employment, and housing of runaway and homeless youth, the Secretary shall coordinate the activities of agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services with the activities of other Federal entities and with the activities of entities that are eligible to receive grants under this subchapter".
34 U.S.C. § 10361 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XV / Section 10361: Grant authorization
Grant authorization
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance may make grants under this subchapter to States, for the use by States, and local entities in the States to develop, implement, and enforce criminal interstate child support legislation and coordinate criminal interstate child support enforcement efforts.

(b) Uses of funds

Funds distributed under this subchapter shall be used to—

(1) develop a comprehensive assessment of existing criminal interstate child support enforcement efforts, including the identification of gaps in, and barriers to, the enforcement of such efforts;

(2) plan and implement comprehensive long-range strategies for criminal interstate child support enforcement;

(3) reach an agreement within the State regarding the priorities of such State in the enforcement of criminal interstate child support legislation;

(4) develop a plan to implement such priorities; and

(5) coordinate criminal interstate child support enforcement efforts.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1601, as added Pub. L. 102–521, §4(a)(3), Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3404.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796cc of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Another section 1601 of Pub. L. 90–351, title XI, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 239, is set out as a note under section 10101 of this title.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1601 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 2601 and is classified to section 10541 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10172 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter V / Section 10172: Allocation of funds; administrative provisions
Allocation of funds; administrative provisions
Status: in_force

(a) Allocation of funds

Of the total amount appropriated for this subpart in any fiscal year, 70 percent shall be used to make grants under section 10171(a)(1) of this title, 10 percent shall be used to make grants under section 10171(a)(2) of this title, 10 percent shall be used to make grants under section 10171(a)(3) of this title, and 10 percent for section 10171(a)(4) of this title.

(b) Limit on grant share of cost

A grant made under paragraph (1) or (3) of section 10171(a) of this title may be made for an amount up to 75 percent of the cost of the correctional option contained in the approved application.

(c) Rules; report; request for applications

The Director shall—

(1) not later than 90 days after funds are first appropriated to carry out this subpart, issue rules to carry out this subpart; and

(2) not later than 180 days after funds are first appropriated to carry out this subpart—

(A) submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate, a report describing such rules; and

(B) request applications for grants under this subpart.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §516, as added Pub. L. 101–647, title XVIII, §1801(a)(7), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4848; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330001(b)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2138; Pub. L. 110–177, title III, §302(b), Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2539.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3762b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 516 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7(5), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1887; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 213, provided for making of payments under title I of Pub. L. 90–351, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–177 substituted "70" for "80" and "3762a(a)(2) of this title, 10" for "3762a(a)(2) of this title, and 10" and inserted ", and 10 percent for section 3762a(a)(4) of this title" before period at end.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, §330001(b)(2)(A), substituted "10 percent shall be used to make grants under section" for "10 percent for section" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, §330001(b)(2)(B), substituted "paragraph (1) or (3) of section 3762a(a)" for "section 3762a(a)(1) or (a)(3)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.