44 U.S.C. § 2111 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2111: Material accepted for deposit
Material accepted for deposit
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest the Archivist may accept for deposit—

(1) the papers and other historical materials of a President or former President of the United States, or other official or former official of the Government, and other papers relating to and contemporary with a President or former President of the United States, subject to restrictions agreeable to the Archivist as to their use; and

(2) recorded information (as such term is defined in section 3301(a)(2) of this title) from private sources that are appropriate for preservation by the Government as evidence of its organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, and transactions.

(b) Exception.—This section shall not apply in the case of any Presidential records which are subject to the provisions of chapter 22 of this title.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1288, §2107; Pub. L. 95–591, §2(b)(2), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2528; renumbered §2111 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(5), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286; Pub. L. 113–187, §3(b), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2008.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code 1964 ed., §397(e) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583; July 12, 1952, ch. 703, §1(p), 66 Stat. 594; July 12, 1955, ch. 329, 69 Stat. 297; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 859, 69 Stat. 695).

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2111 was renumbered section 2115 of this title.

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–187 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) and (b) for similar provisions contained in pars. (1) and (2) and concluding provisions.

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(5), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services" in provisions preceding par. (1), and substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator" in par. (1).

Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2107 of this title as this section.

1978—Pub. L. 95–591 inserted provision excluding Presidential records which are subject to provisions of chapter 22 of this title from application of this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–591 effective with respect to Presidential records created during a term of office of President beginning on or after Jan. 20, 1981, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–591, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2201 of this title.

Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act

Pub. L. 93–526, title I, §§101–106, Dec. 19, 1974, 88 Stat. 1695–1698, as amended by Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291; Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title V, §543(a), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 346, provided: "That this Act [enacting this note, former sections 3315 to 3324 of this title, and provisions set out as a note under former section 3315 of this title] may be cited as the 'Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act'.

"Title I—Preservation of Presidential Recordings and Materials

"delivery and retention of certain presidential materials

"Sec. 101. (a) Notwithstanding any other law or any agreement or understanding made pursuant to section 2111 of title 44, United States Code any Federal employee in possession shall deliver, and the Archivist of the United States (hereinafter referred to as the 'Archivist') shall receive, obtain, or retain, complete possession and control of all original tape recordings of conversations which were recorded or caused to be recorded by any officer or employee of the Federal Government and which—

"(1) involve former President Richard M. Nixon or other individuals who, at the time of the conversation, were employed by the Federal Government;

"(2) were recorded in the White House or in the office of the President in the Executive Office Buildings located in Washington, District of Columbia; Camp David, Maryland; Key Biscayne, Florida; or San Clemente, California; and

"(3) were recorded during the period beginning January 20, 1969, and ending August 9, 1974.

"(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other law or any agreement or understanding made pursuant to section 2111 of title 44, United States Code, the Archivist shall receive, retain, or make reasonable efforts to obtain, complete possession and control of all papers, documents, memorandums, transcripts, and other objects and materials which constitute the Presidential historical materials of Richard M. Nixon, covering the period beginning January 20, 1969, and ending August 9, 1974.

"(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'historical materials' has the meaning given it by section 2101 of title 44, United States Code.

"availability of certain presidential materials

"Sec. 102. (a) None of the tape recordings or other materials referred to in section 101 shall be destroyed, except as hereafter may be provided by law.

"(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, any other law, or any agreement or understanding made pursuant to section 2111 of title 44, United States Code, the tape recordings and other materials referred to in section 101 shall, immediately upon the date of enactment of this title, be made available, subject to any rights, defenses, or privileges which the Federal Government or any person may invoke, for use in any judicial proceeding or otherwise subject to court subpena or other legal process. Any request by the Office of Watergate Special Prosecution Force, whether by court subpena or other lawful process, for access to such recordings or materials shall at all times have priority over any other request for such recordings or materials.

"(c) Richard M. Nixon, or any person whom he may designate in writing, shall at all times have access to the tape recordings and other materials referred to in section 101 for any purpose which is consistent with the provisions of this title, subsequent and subject to the regulations which the Archivist shall issue pursuant to section 103.

"(d) Any agency or department in the executive branch of the Federal Government shall at all times have access to the tape recordings and other materials referred to in section 101 for lawful Government use, subject to the regulations which the Archivist shall issue pursuant to section 103.

"regulations to protect certain tape recordings and other materials

"Sec. 103. The Archivist shall issue at the earliest possible date such regulations as may be necessary to assure the protection of the tape recordings and other materials referred to in section 101 from loss or destruction, and to prevent access to such recordings and materials by unauthorized persons. The Archivist may transfer such recordings and materials to a Presidential archival depository in accordance with section 2112 of title 44, United States Code.

"regulations relating to public access

"Sec. 104. (a) The Archivist shall, within ninety days after the date of enactment of this title [Dec. 19, 1974], submit to each House of the Congress a report proposing and explaining regulations that would provide public access to the tape recordings and other materials referred to in section 101. Such regulations shall take into account the following factors:

"(1) the need to provide the public with the full truth, at the earliest reasonable date, of the abuses of governmental power popularly identified under the generic term 'Watergate';

"(2) the need to make such recordings and materials available for use in judicial proceedings;

"(3) the need to prevent general access, except in accordance with appropriate procedures established for use in judicial proceedings to information relating to the Nation's security;

"(4) the need to protect every individual's right to a fair and impartial trial;

"(5) the need to protect any party's opportunity to assert any legally or constitutionally based right or privilege which would prevent or otherwise limit access to such recordings and materials;

"(6) the need to provide public access to those materials which have general historical significance, and which are not likely to be related to the need described in paragraph (1); and

"(7) the need to give to Richard M. Nixon, or his heirs, for his sole custody and use, tape recordings and other materials which are not likely to be related to the need described in paragraph (1) and are not otherwise of general historical significance.

"(b) The regulations proposed by the Archivist in the report required by subsection (a) shall not take effect until the expiration of the first period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of the Congress after the date of the submission of such regulations to each House of the Congress. For the purposes of this subsection, continuity of session is broken only by an adjournment of Congress sine die, but the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain are excluded.

"(c) The provisions of this title shall not apply, on and after the date upon which regulations proposed by the Administrator take effect under subsection (b), to any tape recordings or other materials given to Richard M. Nixon, or his heirs, pursuant to subsection (a)(7).

"(d) The provisions of this title shall not in any way affect the rights, limitations or exemptions applicable under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §552 et seq.

"judicial review

"Sec. 105. (a) The United States District Court for the District of Columbia shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear challenges to the legal or constitutional validity of this title or of any regulation issued under the authority granted by this title, and any action or proceeding involving the question of title, ownership, custody, possession, or control of any tape recording or material referred to in section 101 or involving payment of any just compensation which may be due in connection therewith. Any such challenge shall be treated by the court as a matter requiring immediate consideration and resolution, and such challenge shall have priority on the docket of such court over other cases.

"(b) If, under the procedures established by subsection (a), a judicial decision is rendered that a particular provision of this title, or a particular regulation issued under the authority granted by this title, is unconstitutional or otherwise invalid, such decision shall not affect in any way the validity or enforcement of any other provision of this title or any regulation issued under the authority granted by this title.

"(c) If a final decision of such court holds that any provision of this title has deprived an individual of private property without just compensation, then there shall be paid out of the general fund of the Treasury of the United States such amount or amounts as may be adjudged just by that Court.

"authorization of appropriations

"Sec. 106. There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this title."

[Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title V, §543(b), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 346, provided that: "Nothing in section 103 of the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act (Public Law 93–526; 44 U.S.C. 2111 note), as amended by subsection (a), may be construed as affecting public access to the recordings and materials referred to in that section as provided in regulations promulgated pursuant to section 104 of such Act.]"

Executive Documents

Classified National Security Information

For provisions authorizing Archivist to review, downgrade, and declassify information of former Presidents under control of Archivist pursuant to this section or provisions set out as a note under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 13526, §3.5(b), Dec. 29, 2009, 75 F.R. 718, set out as a note under section 3161 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
44 U.S.C. § 2902 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 29: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES AND BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES / Section 2902: Objectives of records management
Objectives of records management
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this chapter, and chapters 21, 31, and 33 of this title, to require the establishment of standards and procedures to assure efficient and effective records management. Such records management standards and procedures shall seek to implement the following goals:

(1) Accurate and complete documentation of the policies and transactions of the Federal Government.

(2) Control of the quantity and quality of records produced by the Federal Government.

(3) Establishment and maintenance of mechanisms of control with respect to records creation in order to prevent the creation of unnecessary records and with respect to the effective and economical operations of an agency.

(4) Simplification of the activities, systems, and processes of records creation, maintenance, transfer, and use.

(5) Judicious preservation and disposal of records.

(6) Direction of continuing attention on records from their initial creation to their final disposition, with particular emphasis on the prevention of unnecessary Federal paperwork and the transfer of records from Federal agencies to the National Archives of the United States in digital or electronic form to the greatest extent possible.

(7) Establishment and maintenance of such other systems or techniques as the Archivist or the Administrator considers necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter, and chapters 21, 31, and 33 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(1), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2724; amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(14), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 113–187, §9(a), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2012; Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(1), Nov. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 1274.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2902, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1296, related to activities of the Administrator of General Services with respect to records management, surveys, and reports, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(1). See section 2904 of this title.

Amendments

2017—Par. (7). Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(1), amended Pub. L. 113–187, §9(a)(3). See 2014 Amendment note below.

2014—Par. (4). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(a)(1), substituted "creation, maintenance, transfer, and use" for "creation and of records maintenance and use".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(a)(2), inserted before period at end "and the transfer of records from Federal agencies to the National Archives of the United States in digital or electronic form to the greatest extent possible".

Par. (7). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(a)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(1), substituted "the Archivist or the Administrator" for "the Administrator or the Archivist".

1984—Par. (7). Pub. L. 98–497 inserted "or the Archivist" after "Administrator".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–85, §2(b), Nov. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 1275, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 2904, 2906, and 3102 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014 (Public Law 113–187)."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Access for Veterans to Records

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5301, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3248, provided that:

"(a) Plan to Eliminate Records Backlog at the National Personnel Records Center.—

"(1) Plan required.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Archivist of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive plan for reducing the backlog of requests for records from the National Personnel Records Center and improving the efficiency and responsiveness of operations at the National Personnel Records Center, that includes, at a minimum, the following:

"(A) An estimate of the number of backlogged record requests for veterans.

"(B) Target timeframes to reduce the backlog.

"(C) A detailed plan for using existing funds to improve the information technology infrastructure, including secure access to appropriate agency Federal records, to prevent future backlogs.

"(D) Actions to improve customer service for requesters.

"(E) Measurable goals with respect to the comprehensive plan and metrics for tracking progress toward such goals.

"(F) Strategies to prevent future record request backlogs, including backlogs caused by an event that prevents employees of the Center from reporting to work in person.

"(2) Updates.—Not later than 90 days after the date on which the comprehensive plan is submitted under paragraph (1), and biannually thereafter until the response rate by the National Personnel Records Center reaches 90 percent of all requests in 20 days or less, not including any request involving a record damaged or lost in the National Personnel Records Center fire of 1973 or any request that is subject to a fee that has not been paid in a timely manner by the requestor (provided the National Personnel Records Center issues an invoice within 20 days after the date on which the request is made), the Archivist of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an update of such plan that—

"(A) describes progress made by the National Personnel Records Center during the preceding 90-day period with respect to record request backlog reduction and efficiency and responsiveness improvement;

"(B) provides data on progress made toward the goals identified in the comprehensive plan; and

"(C) describes any changes made to the comprehensive plan.

"(3) Consultation requirement.—In carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2), the Archivist of the United States shall consult with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

"(4) Appropriate congressional committees defined.—In this subsection, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Oversight and Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability], the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

"(b) Additional Funding to Address Records Backlog.—

"(1) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is authorized to be appropriated to the National Archives and Records Administration, $60,000,000 to address backlogs in responding to requests from veterans for military personnel records, improve cybersecurity, improve digital preservation and access to archival Federal records, and address backlogs in requests made under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the Freedom of Information Act). Such amounts may also be used for the Federal Records Center Program.

"(2) Requirement to maintain in-person staffing levels.—Subject to the availability of appropriations, and not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Archivist of the United States shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that the National Personnel Records Center maintains staffing levels and telework arrangements that enable the maximum processing of records requests possible in order to achieve the performance goal of responding to 90 percent of all requests in 20 days or less, not including any request involving a record damaged or lost in the National Personnel Records Center fire of 1973 or any request that is subject to a fee that has not been paid in a timely manner by the requestor (provided the National Personnel Records Center issues an invoice within 20 days after the date on which the request is made).

"(3) Inspector general reporting.—The Inspector General for the National Archives and Records Administration shall, for two years following the date of the enactment of this Act, include in every semiannual report submitted to Congress pursuant to the Inspector General Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 401 et seq.], a detailed summary of—

"(A) efforts taken by the National Archives and Records Administration to address the backlog of records requests at the National Personnel Records Center; and

"(B) any recommendations for action proposed by the Inspector General related to reducing the backlog of records requests at the National Personnel Records Center and the status of compliance with those recommendations by the National Archives and Records Administration."
44 U.S.C. § 308 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 3: GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE / Section 308: Disbursing officer; deputy disbursing officer; certifying officers and employees
Disbursing officer; deputy disbursing officer; certifying officers and employees
Status: in_force

(a) The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall appoint from time to time a disbursing officer of the Government Publishing Office (including the Office of the Superintendent of Documents) who shall be under the direction of the Director of the Government Publishing Office. The disbursing officer shall (1) disburse moneys of the Government Publishing Office only upon, and in strict accordance with, vouchers certified by the Director of the Government Publishing Office or by an officer or employee of the Government Publishing Office authorized in writing by the Director of the Government Publishing Office to certify such vouchers, (2) make such examination of vouchers as may be necessary to ascertain whether they are in proper form, certified, and approved, and (3) be held accountable accordingly. However, the disbursing officer shall not be held accountable or responsible for any illegal, improper, or incorrect payment resulting from any false, inaccurate, or misleading certificate, the responsibility for which, under subsection (c) of this section, is imposed upon a certifying officer or employee of the Government Publishing Office.

(b)(1) Upon the death, resignation, or separation from office of the disbursing officer, the accounts of the disbursing officer may be continued, and payments and collection may be made in the name of the disbursing officer, by any individual designated as a deputy disbursing officer by the Director of the Government Publishing Office, for a period of time not to extend beyond the last day of the second month following the month in which the death, resignation, or separation occurred. Accounts and payments shall be allowed, audited, and settled, and checks signed in the name of the former disbursing officer by a deputy disbursing officer shall be honored in the same manner as if the former disbursing officer had continued in office.

(2) A former disbursing officer of the Government Publishing Office or the estate of the disbursing officer may not be subject to any legal liability or penalty for the official accounts or defaults of the deputy disbursing officer acting in the name or in the place of the former disbursing officer. Each deputy disbursing officer is responsible for accounts entrusted to the deputy disbursing officer under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and the deputy disbursing officer is liable for any default occurring during the service of the deputy disbursing officer under such paragraph.

(c)(1) The Director of the Government Publishing Office may designate in writing officers and employees of the Government Publishing Office to certify vouchers for payment from appropriations and funds. Such officers and employees shall (A) be responsible for the existence and correctness of the facts recited in the certificate or other voucher or its supporting papers and for the legality of the proposed payment under the appropriation or fund involved, (B) be responsible and accountable for the correctness of the computations of certified vouchers, and (C) be accountable for, and required to make restitution to, the United States for the amount of any illegal, improper, or incorrect payment resulting from any false, inaccurate, or misleading certificate made by such officer or employee, as well as for any payment prohibited by law or which did not represent a legal obligation under the appropriation or fund involved. However, the Comptroller General of the United States, may, at the discretion of the Comptroller General, relieve such certifying officer or employee of liability for any payment otherwise proper whenever the Comptroller General finds that (i) the certification was based on the official records and that such certifying officer or employee did not know, and by reasonable diligence and inquiry could not have ascertained, the actual facts, or (ii) when the obligation was incurred in good faith, the payment was not contrary to any statutory provision specifically prohibiting payments of the character involved, and the United States has received value for such payment. The Comptroller General shall relieve such certifying officer or employee of liability for an overpayment for transportation services made to any common carrier covered by section 3726 of title 31, whenever the Comptroller General finds that the overpayment occurred solely because the administrative examination made prior to payment of the transportation bill did not include a verification of transportation rates, freight classifications, or land grant deductions.

(2) The liability of such certifying officers or employees shall be enforced in the same manner and to the same extent as provided by law with respect to the enforcement of the liability of disbursing and other accountable officers. Such certifying officers and employees shall have the right to apply for and obtain a decision by the Comptroller General on any question of law involved in a payment on any vouchers presented to them for certification.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1240; Pub. L. 92–310, title II, §210(b), June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 204; Pub. L. 93–459, §1(a), Oct. 20, 1974, 88 Stat. 1384; Pub. L. 95–473, §2(a)(5), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1466; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(m)(1), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1066; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c)(1), (i)(4), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, 2538.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §§52a, 63, 73 (part) (June 25, 1910, ch. 384, §1, 36 Stat. 770; Feb. 20, 1923, ch. 98, 42 Stat. 1278; Pub. L. 86–31, May 26, 1959, 73 Stat. 60).

The last paragraph of this section is from former section 73; the remainder of that section will be found in section 1702 of the revision.

Paragraph (a) deleted as executed.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(i)(4)(A), substituted "the accounts of the disbursing officer" for "his accounts" and "the name of the disbursing officer" for "his name".

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(i)(4)(B), substituted "the estate of the disbursing officer" for "his estate", "to the deputy disbursing officer" for "to him", and "the service of the deputy disbursing officer" for "his service".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(i)(4)(C), substituted "by such officer or employee" for "by him", "the discretion of the Comptroller General" for "his discretion", and in two places "whenever the Comptroller General" for "whenever he".

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

1982—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3726 of title 31" for "section 244 of title 31".

1978—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 95–473 substituted "section 244 of title 31" for "section 66 of title 49".

1974—Pub. L. 93–459 substituted "Disbursing officer; deputy disbursing officer; certifying officers and employees" for "Disbursing officer: continuation and settlement of accounts during vacancy in office; responsibility for accounts; disbursements for Superintendent of Documents" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–459 added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b)(1).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–459 redesignated provisions of former subsec. (a) as subsec. (b)(1) and substituted "by any individual designated as a deputy disbursing officer by the Public Printer" for "by the deputy disbursing officer or officers designated by the Public Printer".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–459 redesignated provisions of former subsec. (b) as subsec. (b)(2) and substituted "paragraph (1) of this subsection" for "subsection (a) of this section", and "under such paragraph" for "under subsection (a) of this section".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–459 added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c), relating to disbursements on account of salaries or other expenses of the office of the Superintendent of Documents, was struck out.

1972—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–310 struck out provisions which related to sureties on official bonds.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsecs. (a), (b)(2), and (c)(1) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2112 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2112: Presidential archival depository
Presidential archival depository
Status: in_force

(a)(1) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, the Archivist may—

(A)(i) accept, for and in the name of the United States, land, a facility, and equipment offered as a gift to the United States for the purpose of creating a Presidential archival depository;

(ii) take title to the land, facility, and equipment on behalf of the United States; and

(iii) maintain, operate, and protect the land, facility, and equipment as a Presidential archival depository and as part of the national archives system;

(B)(i) make agreements, upon terms and conditions the Archivist considers proper, with a State, political subdivision, university, institution of higher learning, institute, or foundation to use as a Presidential archival depository land, a facility, and equipment of the State, subdivision, university, or other organization, to be made available by it without transfer of title to the United States; and

(ii) maintain, operate, and protect the depository as a part of the national archives system; and

(C) accept, for and in the name of the United States, gifts offered for the purpose of making any physical or material change or addition to a Presidential archival depository.

(2) The Archivist shall promulgate architectural and design standards applicable to Presidential archival depositories in order to ensure that such depositories (A) preserve Presidential records subject to chapter 22 of this title and papers and other historical materials accepted for deposit under section 2111 of this title and (B) contain adequate research facilities.

(3) Prior to accepting and taking title to any land, facility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1), or prior to entering into any agreement under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph or any other agreement to accept or establish a Presidential archival depository, the Archivist shall submit a written report on the proposed Presidential archival depository to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The report shall include—

(A) a description of the land, facility, and equipment offered as a gift or to be made available without transfer of title;

(B) a statement specifying the estimated total cost of the proposed depository and the amount of the endowment for the depository required pursuant to subsection (g) of this section;

(C) a statement of the terms of the proposed agreement, if any;

(D) a general description of the types of papers, documents, or other historical materials proposed to be deposited in the depository to be created, and of the terms of the proposed deposit;

(E) a statement of any additional improvements and equipment associated with the development and operation of the depository, an estimate of the costs of such improvements and equipment, and a statement as to the extent to which such costs will be incurred by any Federal or State government agency;

(F) an estimate of the total annual cost to the United States of maintaining, operating, and protecting the depository; and

(G) a certification that such facility and equipment (whether offered as a gift or made available without transfer of title) comply with standards promulgated by the Archivist pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(4) Prior to accepting any gift under subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) for the purpose of making any physical or material change or addition to a Presidential archival depository, or prior to implementing any provision of law requiring the making of such a change or addition, the Archivist shall submit a report in writing on the proposed change or addition to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The report shall include—

(A) a description of such gift;

(B) a statement specifying the estimated total cost of the proposed physical or material change or addition and the amount of the deposit in an endowment for the depository required pursuant to subsection (g) of this section in order to meet the cost of such change or addition;

(C) a statement of the purpose of the proposed change or addition and a general description of any papers, documents, or historical materials proposed to be deposited in the depository as a result of such change or addition;

(D) a statement of any additional improvements or equipment for the depository associated with such change or addition;

(E) an estimate of the increase in the total annual cost to the United States of maintaining, operating, and protecting the depository that will result from such change or addition; and

(F) a certification that the depository, and the equipment therein will, after such change or addition, comply with the standards promulgated by the Archivist pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(5) The Archivist may not—

(A) accept or take title to land, a facility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) for the purpose of creating a Presidential archival depository;

(B) enter into any agreement under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph or any other agreement to accept or establish a Presidential archival depository; or

(C) accept any gift under subparagraph (C) of such paragraph for the purpose of making any physical or material change to a Presidential archival depository,

until the expiration of a period of 60 days of continuous session of Congress beginning on the date on which the Archivist transmits the report required under paragraph (3) of this subsection with respect to such Presidential archival depository or the report required under paragraph (4) of this subsection with respect to such change or addition, as the case may be.

(b) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, he may deposit in a Presidential archival depository papers, documents, or other historical materials accepted under section 2111 of this title, or Federal records appropriate for preservation.

(c) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, he may exercise, with respect to papers, documents, or other historical materials deposited under this section, or otherwise, in a Presidential archival depository, all the functions and responsibilities otherwise vested in him pertaining to Federal records or other documentary materials in his custody or under his control. The Archivist, in negotiating for the deposit of Presidential historical materials, shall take steps to secure to the Government, as far as possible, the right to have continuous and permanent possession of the materials. Papers, documents, or other historical materials accepted and deposited under section 2111 of this title and this section are subject to restrictions as to their availability and use stated in writing by the donors or depositors, including the restriction that they shall be kept in a Presidential archival depository. The restrictions shall be respected for the period stated, or until revoked or terminated by the donors or depositors or by persons legally qualified to act on their behalf. Subject to the restrictions, the Archivist may dispose by sale, exchange, or otherwise, of papers, documents, or other materials which the Archivist determines to have no permanent value or historical interest or to be surplus to the needs of a Presidential archival depository. Only the first two sentences of this subsection shall apply to Presidential records as defined in section 2201(2) of this title.

(d) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, he may cooperate with and assist a university, institution of higher learning, institute, foundation, or other organization or qualified individual to further or to conduct study or research in historical materials deposited in a Presidential archival depository.

(e) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, he may charge and collect reasonable fees for the privilege of visiting and viewing exhibit rooms or museum space, or for the occasional, non-official use of rooms and spaces (and services related to such use), in a Presidential archival depository.

(f) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, he may provide reasonable office space in a Presidential archival depository for the personal use of a former President of the United States.

(g)(1) When the Archivist considers it to be in the public interest, the Archivist may solicit and accept gifts or bequests of money or other property for the purpose of maintaining, operating, protecting, or improving a Presidential archival depository. The proceeds of gifts or bequests, together with the proceeds from fees or from sales of historical materials, copies or reproductions, catalogs, or other items, having to do with a Presidential archival depository, shall be paid into an account in the National Archives Trust Fund and shall be held, administered, and expended for the benefit and in the interest of the Presidential archival depository in connection with which they were received, and for the same purposes and objects, including custodial and administrative services for which appropriations for the maintenance, operation, protection, or improvement of Presidential archival depositories might be expended.

(2) The Archivist shall provide for the establishment in such Trust Fund of separate endowments for the maintenance of the land, facility, and equipment of each Presidential archival depository, to which shall be credited any gifts or bequests received under paragraph (1) that are offered for that purpose. Income to each such endowment shall be available to cover the cost of facility operations, but shall not be available for the performance of archival functions under this title.

(3) The Archivist shall not accept or take title to any land, facility, or equipment under subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(1), or enter into any agreement to use any land, facility, or equipment under subparagraph (B) of such subsection for the purpose of creating a Presidential archival depository, unless the Archivist determines that there is available, by gift or bequest for deposit under paragraph (2) of this subsection in an endowment with respect to such depository, an amount for the purpose of maintaining such land, facility, and equipment equal to—

(A) the product of—

(i) the total cost of acquiring or constructing such facility and of acquiring and installing such equipment, multiplied by

(ii) 20 percent; plus

(B)(i) if title to the land is to be vested in the United States, the product of—

(I) the total cost of acquiring the land upon which such facility is located, or such other measure of the value of such land as is mutually agreed upon by the Archivist and the donor, multiplied by

(II) 20 percent; or

(ii) if title to the land is not to be vested in the United States, the product of—

(I) the total cost to the donor of any improvements to the land upon which such facility is located (other than such facility and equipment), multiplied by

(II) 20 percent; plus

(C) if the Presidential archival depository will exceed 70,000 square feet in area, an amount equal to the product of—

(i) the sum of—

(I) the total cost described in clause (i) of subparagraph (A); plus

(II) the total cost described in subclause (I) or (II) of subparagraph (B)(i), as the case may be, multiplied by

(ii) the percentage obtained by dividing the number of square feet by which such depository will exceed 70,000 square feet by 70,000.

(4) If a proposed physical or material change or addition to a Presidential archival depository would result in an increase in the costs of facility operations, the Archivist may not accept any gift under subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) for the purpose of making such a change or addition, or may not implement any provision of law requiring the making of such a change or addition, unless the Archivist determines that there is available, by gift or bequest for deposit under paragraph (2) of this subsection in an endowment with respect to such depository, an amount for the purpose of maintaining the land, facility, and equipment of such depository equal to the difference between—

(A) the amount which, pursuant to paragraph (3) of this subsection, would have been required to have been available for deposit in such endowment with respect to such depository if such change or addition had been included in such depository on—

(i) the date on which the Archivist took title to the land, facility, and equipment for such depository under subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(1); or

(ii) the date on which the Archivist entered into an agreement for the creation of such depository under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph,

as the case may be; minus

(B) the amount which, pursuant to paragraph (3) of this subsection, was required to be available for deposit in such endowment with respect to such depository on the date the Archivist took such title or entered into such agreement, as the case may be.

(5)(A) Notwithstanding paragraphs (3) and (4) (to the extent that such paragraphs are inconsistent with this paragraph), this subsection shall be administered in accordance with this paragraph with respect to any Presidential archival depository created as a depository for the papers, documents, and other historical materials and Presidential records pertaining to any President who takes the oath of office as President for the first time on or after July 1, 2002.

(B) For purposes of subparagraphs (A)(ii), (B)(i)(II), and (B)(ii)(II) of paragraph (3) the percentage of 60 percent shall apply instead of 20 percent.

(C)(i) In this subparagraph, the term "base endowment amount" means the amount of the endowment required under paragraph (3).

(ii)(I) The Archivist may give credits against the base endowment amount if the Archivist determines that the proposed Presidential archival depository will have construction features or equipment that are expected to result in quantifiable long-term savings to the Government with respect to the cost of facility operations.

(II) The features and equipment described under subclause (I) shall comply with the standards promulgated by the Archivist under subsection (a)(2).

(III) The Archivist shall promulgate standards to be used in calculating the dollar amount of any credit to be given, and shall consult with all donors of the endowment before giving any credits. The total dollar amount of credits given under this paragraph may not exceed 20 percent of the base endowment amount.

(D)(i) In calculating the additional endowment amount required under paragraph (4), the Archivist shall take into account credits given under subparagraph (C), and may also give credits against the additional endowment amount required under paragraph (4), if the Archivist determines that construction features or equipment used in making or equipping the physical or material change or addition are expected to result in quantifiable long-term savings to the Government with respect to the cost of facility operations.

(ii) The features and equipment described under clause (i) shall comply with the standards promulgated by the Archivist under subsection (a)(2).

(iii) The Archivist shall promulgate standards to be used in calculating the dollar amount of any credit to be given, and shall consult with all donors of the endowment before giving any credits. The total dollar amount of credits given under this paragraph may not exceed 20 percent of the additional endowment amount required under paragraph (4).

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1289, §2108; Pub. L. 94–575, §4(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2727; Pub. L. 95–591, §2(b)(3), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2528; renumbered §2112 and amended Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §§102(a)(1), 107(a)(6), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280, 2286; Pub. L. 99–323, §3, May 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title V, §513, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 108–383, §4(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2218; Pub. L. 110–404, §6(b), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4285.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §397(f) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §507, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583; and amended July 12, 1952, ch. 703, §1(o), (p), 66 Stat. 594; July 12, 1955, ch. 329, 69 Stat. 297; Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 859, 69 Stat. 695).

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2112 was renumbered section 2116 of this title.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (g)(5)(B). Pub. L. 110–404 substituted "60" for "40".

2004—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–383 substituted "space, or for the occasional, non-official use of rooms and spaces (and services related to such use)," for "space".

2003—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 108–7 added par. (5).

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–323, §3(a), amended subsec. (a) generally, revising and restating as pars. (1) to (5) provisions of former undesignated pars. containing similar subject matter.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–323, §3(b), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows: "When the Archivist considers it be in the public interest, he may accept gifts or bequests of money or other property for the purpose of maintaining, operating, protecting, or improving a Presidential archival depository. The proceeds of gifts or bequests, together with the proceeds from fees or from sales of historical materials, copies or reproductions, catalogs, or other items, having to do with a Presidential archival depository, shall be paid into the National Archives Trust Fund to be held, administered, and expended for the benefit and in the interest of the Presidential archival depository in connection with which they were received, including administrative and custodial expenses as the Archivist determines."

1984—Pub. L. 98–497, §102(a)(1), renumbered section 2108 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(6), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services" and "Archivist" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(6), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator" and "section 2111" for "section 2107" wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(a)(6), substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.

1978—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–591 limited application of subsec. (c) when dealing with Presidential records.

1976—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 94–575 substituted reference to section "2107" for "3106".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Section 4 of Pub. L. 99–323 provided that: "Paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 2112(g) of title 44, United States Code (as added by the amendment made by section 3(b) of this Act) shall apply with respect to any Presidential archival depository created as a depository for the papers, documents, and other historical materials and Federal records pertaining to any President who takes the oath of office as President for the first time on or after January 20, 1985."

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–591 effective with respect to Presidential records created during a term of office of President beginning on or after Jan. 20, 1981, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–591, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2201 of this title.

Capital Improvement Plan for Presidential Archival Depositories

Pub. L. 110–404, §6(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4284, provided that:

"(1) Provision of plan.—The Archivist of the United States shall provide to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a 10-year capital improvement plan, in accordance with paragraph (2), for all Presidential archival depositories (as defined in section 2101 of title 44, United States Code), which shall include—

"(A) a prioritization of all capital projects at Presidential archival depositories that cost more than $1,000,000;

"(B) the current estimate of the cost of each capital project; and

"(C) the basis upon which each cost estimate was developed.

"(2) Provided to congress.—The capital improvement plan shall be provided to the committees, as described in paragraph (1), at the same time as the first Budget of the United States Government after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 2008] is submitted to Congress.

"(3) Annual updates and explanation of changes in cost estimates.—The Archivist of the United States shall provide to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives—

"(A) annual updates to the capital improvement plan described in paragraph (1) at the same time as each subsequent Budget of the United States Government is submitted to Congress; and

"(B) an explanation for any changes in cost estimates."

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library

Pub. L. 89–547, Aug. 27, 1966, 80 Stat. 370, provided: "That the Administrator of General Services is hereby authorized to accept title to the structure or structures to be erected and equipped at Cambridge, Massachusetts, by the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Incorporated, to be transferred to the United States Government, without reimbursement, for use as a Presidential archival depository to be known as the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, and to maintain, operate, and protect such depository as a part of the National Archives system. The Administrator may enter into such agreements with the officers of the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Incorporated, as are necessary to complete the transfer of title to the United States and may do so without regard to the provision of section 507(f)(1) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (44 U.S.C. [former] 397(f)(1) [now subsec. (a) of this section], that the Administrator shall not enter into any such agreement until the expiration of the first period of sixty calendar days of continuous session of the Congress following the date on which a report in writing of any such proposed Presidential archival depository is transmitted by the Administrator to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives."

[For transfer of certain functions of the Administrator of General Services under Pub. L. 89–547 to the Archivist of the United States, see section 103(b)(2) of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a Transfer of Functions note under section 2102 of this title.]

Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Archival Depository

Pub. L. 89–169, Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 648, provided: "That the Administrator of General Services is hereby authorized to enter into an agreement upon such terms and conditions as he determines proper with the University of Texas to utilize as the Lyndon Baines Johnson Archival Depository, land, buildings, and equipment of such university to be made available by it without transfer of title to the United States, and to maintain, operate and protect such depository as a part of the National Archives system. Such agreement may be entered into without regard to the provisions of section 507(f)(1) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (44 U.S.C. [former] 397(f)(1)) [now subsec. (a) of this section], that the Administrator shall not enter into any such agreement until the expiration of the first period of sixty calendar days of continuous session of the Congress following the date on which a report in writing of any such proposed Presidential archival depository is transmitted by the Administrator to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives."

[For transfer of certain functions of the Administrator of General Services under Pub. L. 89–169 to the Archivist of the United States, see section 103(b)(2) of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a Transfer of Functions note under section 2102 of this title.]
44 U.S.C. § 2506 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 25: NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION / Section 2506: Records to be kept by grantees
Records to be kept by grantees
Status: in_force

(a) Each recipient of grant assistance under section 2504 of this title shall keep such records as the Archivist of the United States prescribes, including records which fully disclose the amount and disposition by the recipient of the proceeds of the grants, the total cost of the project or undertaking in connection with which funds are given or used, and the amount of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and any other records as will facilitate an effective audit.

(b) The Archivist and the Comptroller General of the United States or their authorized representatives shall have access for the purposes of audit and examination to books, documents, papers, and records of the recipients that are pertinent to the grants received under section 2504 of this title.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1294; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(11), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2287.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §393(g) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §503, as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583, and amended July 28, 1964, Pub. L. 88–383, 78 Stat. 335).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1122 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 11: EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 1122: Supplies for Government establishments
Supplies for Government establishments
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office may procure and supply, on the requisition of the head of an executive department, independent office or establishment of the Government, complete manifold blanks, books, and forms required in duplicating processes, and complete patented devices with which to file money-order statements, or other uniform official papers, and charge them to the allotment for printing and binding of the department or Government establishment requiring them.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1264; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §227 (June 28, 1902, ch. 1301, §1, 32 Stat. 481).

The term "executive department, independent office, or establishment of the government" is substituted for "executive department or other government establishment" for uniformity.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".
44 U.S.C. § 2102 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 21: NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION / Section 2102: Establishment
Establishment
Status: in_force

There shall be an independent establishment in the executive branch of the Government to be known as the National Archives and Records Administration. The Administration shall be administered under the supervision and direction of the Archivist.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1287; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §101, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2280.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §391(a) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §104, 63 Stat. 381).

This section incorporates only the last sentence of paragraph (a) of former section 391. The balance of that section will be found in sections 1506, 2301, 2501, and 2902 of the revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted provisions directing that there shall be an independent establishment in the executive branch of the Government to be known as the National Archives and Records Administration and that the Administration shall be administered under the supervision and direction of the Archivist for provisions which had formerly directed only that the Administrator of General Services appoint the Archivist of the United States.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–497, title III, §301, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2295, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [enacting sections 2103 to 2106 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 101 of this title, redesignating existing sections 2103 to 2114 as sections 2107 to 2118 of this title, amending this section, sections 710, 711, 729, 1501 to 1503, 1506, 1714, 2101, 2107 to 2118, 2204, 2205, 2301 to 2305, 2307, 2501, 2504, 2506, 2901 to 2909, 3102 to 3106, 3302 to 3303a, 3308, 3310, 3311, 3504, and 3513 of this title, provisions set out as a note under section 2111 of this title, sections 106a, 106b, 112, 113, and 201 of Title 1, General Provisions, sections 6 and 11 to 13 of Title 3, The President, sections 141 to 145 of Title 4, Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States, sections 552a and 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 199a of Title 25, Indians, and repealing section 2507 of this title] (including the amendments made by this Act) shall be effective on April 1, 1985."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §105, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2284, provided that:

"(a) All orders, determinations, rules, regulations, grants, contracts, agreements, permits, licenses, privileges, and other actions which have been issued, granted, made, undertaken, or entered into in the performance of any function transferred by this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] or the amendments made by this Act shall continue in effect according to their terms until modified, terminated, superseded, set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by any authorized official, a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law.

"(b)(1) The transfer of functions by this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] and by the amendments made by this Act shall not affect any proceedings, including notices of proposed rulemaking, or any application for any license, permit, certificate, or financial assistance pending on the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985] before the General Services Administration; but such proceedings and applications, to the extent that they relate to the functions so transferred, shall be continued. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings, appeals shall be taken therefrom, and payments shall be made pursuant to such orders, as if this Act had not been enacted; and orders issued in any such proceedings shall continue in effect until modified, terminated, superseded, or revoked by the Archivist, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law. Nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to prohibit the discontinuance or modification of any such proceeding under the same terms and conditions and to the same extent that such proceeding could have been discontinued or modified if this Act had not been enacted.

"(2) The Archivist is authorized to promulgate regulations providing for the orderly transfer of proceedings continued under paragraph (1) from the General Services Administration to the Administration.

"(c) Except as provided in subsection (e)—

"(1) the provisions of this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] and of the amendments made by this Act shall not affect actions commenced prior to the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985], and

"(2) in all such actions, proceedings shall be had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered in the same manner and effect as if this Act had not been enacted.

"(d) No action or other proceeding lawfully commenced by or against any officer of the United States acting in the official capacity of such officer shall abate by reason of any transfer of functions by this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] or by an amendment made by this Act. No cause of action by or against the General Services Administration or by or against any officer thereof in the official capacity of such officer shall abate by reason of any such transfer of functions.

"(e) If, before the date on which this Act takes effect [Apr. 1, 1985], the General Services Administration or any officer thereof in the official capacity of such officer, is a party to an action, and under this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] or the amendments made by this Act any function in connection with such action is transferred to the Archivist or any other official of the Administration, then such action shall be continued with the Archivist or other appropriate official of the Administration substituted or added as a party.

"(f) Orders and actions of the Archivist in the exercise of functions transferred by this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] or by amendments made by this Act shall be subject to judicial review to the same extent and in the same manner as if such orders and actions had been by the individual holding the office of Archivist of the United States on the day before the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985] or the Administrator of General Services in the exercise of such functions immediately preceding their transfer. Any statutory requirements relating to notice, hearings, action upon the record, or administrative review that apply to any function transferred by this Act or by any amendment made by this Act shall apply to the exercise of such function by the Archivist."

Transfer of Functions, Personnel, Assets, Liabilities, Contracts, Property, Records, and Unexpended Balances, Etc.

Sections 103, 104 of Pub. L. 98–497 provided that:

"Sec. 103. (a) The National Archives and Records Service of the General Services Administration is transferred to the National Archives and Records Administration.

"(b)(1) All functions which were assigned to the Administrator of General Services by section 6 of Executive Order No. 10530 of May 11 [May 10], 1954 (19 Fed. Reg. 2709 [set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President]; relating to documents and the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register), and by Executive Order Nunbered [sic] 11440 of December 11, 1968 (33 Fed. Reg. 18475 [set out as a note under section 2109 of this title]; relating to supplemental use of Federal exhibits and displays), shall be exercised by the Archivist of the United States.

"(2) All functions pertaining to the maintenance, operation, and protection of a Presidential archival depository which were assigned to the Administrator of General Services by the Act of September 6, 1965 (Public Law 89–169, 79 Stat. 648) [set out as a note under section 2112 of this title], relating to the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Archival Depository, and by the Act of August 27, 1966 (Public Law 89–547, 80 Stat. 370) [set out as a note under section 2112 of this title] and the Act of May 26, 1977 (Public Law 95–34, 91 Stat. 174), relating to the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, shall be exercised by the Archivist of the United States.

"(c) In the exercise of the functions transferred by this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] and the amendments made by this Act, the Archivist shall have the same authority as had the Administrator of General Services prior to the transfer of such functions, and the actions of the Archivist shall have the same force and effect as when exercised by such Administrator.

"(d) Prior to the appointment and confirmation of an individual to serve as Archivist of the United States under section 2103 of title 44, United States Code, the individual holding the office of Archivist of the United States on the day before the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985] may serve as Archivist under such section, and while so serving shall be compensated at the rate provided under subsection (b) of such section.

"Sec. 104. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this Act [Pub. L. 98–497], the personnel employed in connection with, and the assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, available to or to be made available in connection with the functions and agencies transferred by this Act and the amendments made by this Act, subject to section 1531 of title 31, United States Code, are transferred to the Archivist for appropriate allocation. Pursuant to the preceding sentence, there shall be transferred to the Archivist for appropriate allocation (1) for the remainder of fiscal year 1985, an amount equal to not less than $2,760,000 (adjusted to reflect actual salaries and benefits of transferred employees and other costs) from the unexpended balances of the fiscal year 1985 funds and appropriations available to the General Services Administration, and (2) 115.5 full-time equivalent employee positions, of which not less than 30 percent shall be vacant. Unexpended funds transferred pursuant to this subsection shall be used only for the purposes for which the funds were originally authorized and appropriated.

"(b) The transfer pursuant to this title [title I (§§101–108) of Pub. L. 98–497] of full-time personnel (except special Government employees) and part-time personnel holding permanent positions shall not cause any such employees to be separated or reduced in grade or compensation for one year after such transfer or after the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985], whichever is later."

Annual Capital Needs Assessment for Funding of Repairs and Restoration

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title V, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 668, provided that: "Hereafter, the National Archives and Records Administration shall include in its annual budget submission a comprehensive capital needs assessment for funding provided under the 'Repairs and Restoration' appropriations account to be updated yearly: Provided, That funds proposed under the 'Repairs and Restoration' appropriations account for each fiscal year shall be allocated to projects on a priority basis established under a comprehensive capital needs assessment."

Establishment of Positions of Director of the Center for Legislative Archives and Specialist in Congressional History

Pub. L. 101–509, title IV, §1(a)–(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1416, 1417, as amended by Pub. L. 103–329, title V, §541, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2415, provided that:

"(a)(1) The Director of the Center for Legislative Archives within the National Archives and Records Administration shall be established without regard to chapter 51 of title 5 and shall be paid at a rate determined without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5 governing General Schedule classification and pay rates: Provided, That such pay shall be no less than 120 percent of the rate of pay for GS–15, step 1 of the General Schedule nor more than the rate of pay in effect for level one of the Senior Executive Schedule.

"(2) There is established within the Center for Legislative Archives within the National Archives and Records Administration the position of Specialist in Congressional History.

"(b) There shall be made available from funds appropriated in each fiscal year to the National Archives and Records Administration, $20,000 for the administrative expenses of the Advisory Committee on the Records of Congress established under section 2701 of title 44, United States Code.

"(c) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of subsections (a) and (b) of this section."

References in Other Laws

Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §106, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2285, provided that: "With respect to any functions transferred by this Act [Pub. L. 98–497] or by an amendment made by this Act and exercised after the effective date of this Act [Apr. 1, 1985], reference in any other Federal law to the office of the Archivist of the United States as in existence on the date before the effective date of this Act, or the National Archives and Records Service of the General Services Administration, or any office or officer thereof, shall be deemed to refer to the Archivist or the Administration."

Spending Authority

Pub. L. 98–497, title III, §302, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2295, provided that: "Any new spending authority (within the meaning of section 401 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 651]) which is provided under this Act shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts as provided in appropriations Acts."

Definitions

Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §108, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2292, provided that: "For purposes of sections 103 through 106 [set out as notes above]—

"(1) the term 'Archivist' means the Archivist of the United States appointed under section 2103 of title 44, United States Code, as added by section 102(a)(2) of this Act;

"(2) the term 'Administration' means the National Archives and Records Administration established under section 2102 of such title (as amended by section 101 of this Act); and

"(3) the term 'function' includes any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, activity, or program."
44 U.S.C. § 3614 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3614: Roles and responsibilities of the Office of Management and Budget
Roles and responsibilities of the Office of Management and Budget
Status: in_force

The Director shall—

(1) in consultation with the Administrator and the Secretary, issue guidance that—

(A) specifies the categories or characteristics of cloud computing products and services that are within the scope of FedRAMP;

(B) includes requirements for agencies to obtain a FedRAMP authorization when operating a cloud computing product or service described in subparagraph (A) as a Federal information system; and

(C) encompasses, to the greatest extent practicable, all necessary and appropriate cloud computing products and services;

(2) issue guidance describing additional responsibilities of FedRAMP and the FedRAMP Board to accelerate the adoption of secure cloud computing products and services by the Federal Government;

(3) in consultation with the Administrator, establish a process to periodically review FedRAMP authorization packages to support the secure authorization and reuse of secure cloud products and services;

(4) oversee the effectiveness of FedRAMP and the FedRAMP Board, including the compliance by the FedRAMP Board with the duties described in section 3610(d); and

(5) to the greatest extent practicable, encourage and promote consistency of the assessment, authorization, adoption, and use of secure cloud computing products and services within and across agencies.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3454.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1115 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 11: EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 1115: Annual reports: time of delivery by Director of the Government Publishing Office to Congress
Annual reports: time of delivery by Director of the Government Publishing Office to Congress
Status: in_force

The annual reports of the Executive Departments and the accompanying documents shall be delivered by the Director of the Government Publishing Office to the proper officer of each House of Congress at its first meeting. Other reports of the Executive Departments shall be so delivered on or before the third Wednesday next after the meeting of Congress or as soon after as may be practicable.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code 1964 ed., §212 (part) (R.S. 3810).

This section incorporates only the first sentence of former section 212. The balance will be found in section 1114 of this revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in section catchline and text.
44 U.S.C. § 1331 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1331: National Academy of Sciences: report
National Academy of Sciences: report
Status: in_force

In addition to the usual number of the report of the National Academy of Sciences, two thousand copies shall be printed: five hundred for the Senate, one thousand for the House of Representatives, and five hundred for distribution by the National Academy of Sciences.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1270.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §275 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §73, 28 Stat. 616).
44 U.S.C. § 302 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 3: GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE / Section 302: Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office: appointment; duties
Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office: appointment; duties
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall appoint a suitable person to be the Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office. The Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office shall supervise the buildings occupied by the Government Publishing Office and perform any other duties required by the Director of the Government Publishing Office.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c), (e), (h), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, 2538.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §39 (May 27, 1908, ch. 200, §1, 35 Stat. 382).

Phraseology is changed to conform with section 301 of this revision.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(h), in first sentence, struck out ", who must be a practical printer and versed in the art of bookbinding," after "suitable person" and, in second sentence, substituted "The Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "He" and "and perform" for ", and perform" and struck out "perform the duties formerly required of the chief clerk," after "shall" and "of him" after "required".

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(e), substituted "Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Deputy Public Printer" in section catchline and the first place appearing in text.

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(2), which directed amendment of this section by substituting "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in section catchline, was not executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the subsequent amendment by section 1301(e)(2) of Pub. L. 113–235. See 2014 Amendment note above.

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in two places in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(f), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2538, provided that: "Any reference in any law other than in title 44, United States Code, or in any rule, regulation, certificate, directive, instruction, or other official paper in force on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2014] to the Deputy Public Printer shall be considered to refer and apply to the Deputy Director of the Government Publishing Office."
44 U.S.C. § 3511 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3511: Data inventory and Federal data catalogue
Data inventory and Federal data catalogue
Status: in_force

(a) Comprehensive Data Inventory.—

(1) In general.—In consultation with the Director and in accordance with the guidance established under paragraph (2), the head of each agency shall, to the maximum extent practicable, develop and maintain a comprehensive data inventory that accounts for all data assets created by, collected by, under the control or direction of, or maintained by the agency. The head of each agency shall ensure that such inventory provides a clear and comprehensive understanding of the data assets in the possession of the agency.

(2) Guidance.—The Director shall establish guidance for agencies to develop and maintain comprehensive data inventories under paragraph (1). Such guidance shall include the following:

(A) A requirement for the head of an agency to include in the comprehensive data inventory metadata on each data asset of the agency, including, to the maximum extent practicable, the following:

(i) A description of the data asset, including all variable names and definitions.

(ii) The name or title of the data asset.

(iii) An indication of whether or not the agency—

(I) has determined or can determine if the data asset is—

(aa) an open Government data asset;

(bb) subject to disclosure or partial disclosure or exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5;

(cc) a public data asset eligible for disclosure under subsection (b); or

(dd) a data asset not subject to open format or open license requirements due to existing limitations or restrictions on government distribution of the asset; or

(II) as of the date of such indication, has not made such determination.

(iv) Any determination made under section 3582, if available.

(v) A description of the method by which the public may access or request access to the data asset.

(vi) The date on which the data asset was most recently updated.

(vii) Each agency responsible for maintaining the data asset.

(viii) The owner of the data asset.

(ix) To the extent practicable, any restriction on the use of the data asset.

(x) The location of the data asset.

(xi) Any other metadata necessary to make the comprehensive data inventory useful to the agency and the public, or otherwise determined useful by the Director.

(B) A requirement for the head of an agency to exclude from the comprehensive data inventory any data asset contained on a national security system, as defined in section 11103 of title 40.

(C) Criteria for the head of an agency to use in determining which metadata required by subparagraph (A), if any, in the comprehensive data inventory may not be made publicly available, which shall include, at a minimum, a requirement to ensure all information that could not otherwise be withheld from disclosure under section 552 of title 5 is made public in the comprehensive data inventory.

(D) A requirement for the head of each agency, in accordance with a procedure established by the Director, to submit for inclusion in the Federal data catalogue maintained under subsection (c) the comprehensive data inventory developed pursuant to subparagraph (C), including any real-time updates to such inventory, and data assets made available in accordance with subparagraph (E) or any electronic hyperlink providing access to such data assets.

(E) Criteria for the head of an agency to use in determining whether a particular data asset should not be made publicly available in a manner that takes into account—

(i) risks and restrictions related to the disclosure of personally identifiable information, including the risk that an individual data asset in isolation does not pose a privacy or confidentiality risk but when combined with other available information may pose such a risk;

(ii) security considerations, including the risk that information in an individual data asset in isolation does not pose a security risk but when combined with other available information may pose such a risk;

(iii) the cost and benefits to the public of converting the data into a format that could be understood and used by the public;

(iv) whether the public dissemination of the data asset could result in legal liability;

(v) whether the data asset—

(I) is subject to intellectual property rights, including rights under titles 17 and 35;

(II) contains confidential business information, that could be withheld under section 552(b)(4) of title 5; or

(III) is restricted by contract or other binding, written agreement;

(vi) whether the holder of a right to such data asset has been consulted;

(vii) the expectation that all data assets that would otherwise be made available under section 552 of title 5 be disclosed; and

(viii) any other considerations that the Director determines to be relevant.

(F) Criteria for the head of an agency to use in assessing the indication of a determination under subparagraph (A)(iii) and how to prioritize any such subsequent determinations in the strategic information management plan under section 3506, in consideration of the existing resources available to the agency.

(3) Regular updates required.—With respect to each data asset created or identified by an agency, the head of the agency shall update the comprehensive data inventory of the agency not later than 90 days after the date of such creation or identification.

(b) Public Data Assets.—The head of each agency shall submit public data assets, or links to public data assets available online, as open Government data assets for inclusion in the Federal data catalogue maintained under subsection (c), in accordance with the guidance established under subsection (a)(2).

(c) Federal Data Catalogue.—

(1) In general.—The Administrator of General Services shall maintain a single public interface online as a point of entry dedicated to sharing agency data assets with the public, which shall be known as the "Federal data catalogue". The Administrator and the Director shall ensure that agencies can submit public data assets, or links to public data assets, for publication and public availability on the interface.

(2) Repository.—The Director shall collaborate with the Office of Government Information Services and the Administrator of General Services to develop and maintain an online repository of tools, best practices, and schema standards to facilitate the adoption of open data practices across the Federal Government, which shall—

(A) include any definitions, regulations, policies, checklists, and case studies related to open data policy;

(B) facilitate collaboration and the adoption of best practices across the Federal Government relating to the adoption of open data practices; and

(C) be made available on the Federal data catalogue maintained under paragraph (1).

(3) Access to other data assets.—The Director shall ensure the Federal data catalogue maintained under paragraph (1) provides information on how the public can access a data asset included in a comprehensive data inventory under subsection (a) that is not yet available on the Federal data catalogue, including information regarding the application process established under section 3583 of title 44.

(d) Delegation.—The Director shall delegate to the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government the authority to jointly issue guidance required under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 180; amended Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 115–435, title II, §202(d)(1), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5538.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3511, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2822; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII, §818], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–339, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §818], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–339, related to establishment and operation of a Federal Information Locator System prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3511, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1305, provided for penalty for failure to furnish information, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511.

Amendments

2019—Pub. L. 115–435 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to establishment and operation of Government Information Locator Service.

2014—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2019 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–435 effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3302 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 33: DISPOSAL OF RECORDS / Section 3302: Regulations covering lists of records for disposal, procedure for disposal, and standards for reproduction
Regulations covering lists of records for disposal, procedure for disposal, and standards for reproduction
Status: in_force

The Archivist shall promulgate regulations, not inconsistent with this chapter, establishing—

(1) procedures for the compiling and submitting to the Archivist of lists and schedules of records proposed for disposal,

(2) procedures for the disposal of records authorized for disposal, and

(3) standards for the reproduction of records by photographic, microphotographic, or digital processes with a view to the disposal of the original records.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 94–575, §4(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2727; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(23), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 113–187, §§5(b), 8(12), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2010, 2012.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §367 (July 7, 1943, ch. 192, §2, 57 Stat. 381; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §104, 63 Stat. 381).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Par. (1). Pub. L. 113–187, §8(12), substituted "the Archivist" for "him".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 113–187, §5(b), substituted "photographic, microphotographic, or digital processes" for "photographic or microphotographic processes".

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services".

1976—Pub. L. 94–575 struck out "; approval by President" after "standards for reproduction" in section catchline.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 2201 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 22: PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS / Section 2201: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(1) The term "documentary material" means all books, correspondence, memoranda, documents, papers, pamphlets, works of art, models, pictures, photographs, plats, maps, films, and motion pictures, including, but not limited to, audio and visual records, or other electronic or mechanical recordations, whether in analog, digital, or any other form.

(2) The term "Presidential records" means documentary materials, or any reasonably segregable portion thereof, created or received by the President, the President's immediate staff, or a unit or individual of the Executive Office of the President whose function is to advise or assist the President, in the course of conducting activities which relate to or have an effect upon the carrying out of the constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President. Such term—

(A) includes any documentary materials relating to the political activities of the President or members of the President's staff, but only if such activities relate to or have a direct effect upon the carrying out of constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President; but

(B) does not include any documentary materials that are (i) official records of an agency (as defined in section 552(e) 1 of title 5, United States Code); (ii) personal records; (iii) stocks of publications and stationery; or (iv) extra copies of documents produced only for convenience of reference, when such copies are clearly so identified.

(3) The term "personal records" means all documentary materials, or any reasonably segregable portion therof,2 of a purely private or nonpublic character which do not relate to or have an effect upon the carrying out of the constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President. Such term includes—

(A) diaries, journals, or other personal notes serving as the functional equivalent of a diary or journal which are not prepared or utilized for, or circulated or communicated in the course of, transacting Government business;

(B) materials relating to private political associations, and having no relation to or direct effect upon the carrying out of constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President; and

(C) materials relating exclusively to the President's own election to the office of the Presidency; and materials directly relating to the election of a particular individual or individuals to Federal, State, or local office, which have no relation to or direct effect upon the carrying out of constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President.

(4) The term "Archivist" means the Archivist of the United States.

(5) The term "former President", when used with respect to Presidential records, means the former President during whose term or terms of office such Presidential records were created.

(Added Pub. L. 95–591, §2(a), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2523; amended Pub. L. 113–187, §§2(b), 8(2), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2005, 2011.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 552(e) of title 5, referred to in par. (2)(B)(i), was redesignated section 552(f) of title 5 by section 1802(b) of Pub. L. 99–570.

Amendments

2014—Par. (1). Pub. L. 113–187, §2(b)(1), substituted "memoranda" for "memorandums" and "audio and visual records" for "audio, audiovisual" and inserted ", whether in analog, digital, or any other form" after "mechanical recordations".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 113–187, §8(2), substituted "the President's" for "his" in introductory provisions and in subpar. (A).

Pub. L. 113–187, §2(b)(2), substituted "advise or assist" for "advise and assist" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 95–591, §3, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2528, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 2111 and 2112 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall be effective with respect to any Presidential records (as defined in section 2201(2) of title 44, as amended by section 2 of this Act) created during a term of office of the President beginning on or after January 20, 1981."

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

For short title of Pub. L. 95–591, which enacted this chapter, as the "Presidential Records Act of 1978", see section 1 of Pub. L. 95–591, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Separability

Pub. L. 95–591, §4, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2528, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 2107 and 2108 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] is held invalid for any reason by any court, the validity and legal effect of the remaining provisions shall not be affected thereby."

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "thereof,".
44 U.S.C. § 1117 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 11: EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 1117: Annual reports: discontinuance of printing of annual or special reports to keep within appropriations
Annual reports: discontinuance of printing of annual or special reports to keep within appropriations
Status: in_force

In order to keep expenditures for printing and binding within appropriations, heads of executive departments, independent offices and establishments of the Government may discontinue the printing of annual or special reports under their respective jurisdictions. When the printing of reports is discontinued the original copy shall be kept on file in the office of the heads of the respective departments, independent offices or establishments for public inspection.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1264.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §213a (Aug. 1, 1953, ch. 304, title I, §103, 67 Stat. 332).

The term "executive departments, independent offices, and establishments of the Government" is substituted for "executive departments, independent agencies, and establishments" for uniformity.
44 U.S.C. § 3505 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3505: Assignment of tasks and deadlines
Assignment of tasks and deadlines
Status: in_force

(a) In carrying out the functions under this subchapter, the Director shall—

(1) in consultation with agency heads, set an annual Governmentwide goal for the reduction of information collection burdens by at least 10 percent during each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997 and 5 percent during each of fiscal years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, and set annual agency goals to—

(A) reduce information collection burdens imposed on the public that—

(i) represent the maximum practicable opportunity in each agency; and

(ii) are consistent with improving agency management of the process for the review of collections of information established under section 3506(c); and

(B) improve information resources management in ways that increase the productivity, efficiency and effectiveness of Federal programs, including service delivery to the public;

(2) with selected agencies and non-Federal entities on a voluntary basis, conduct pilot projects to test alternative policies, practices, regulations, and procedures to fulfill the purposes of this subchapter, particularly with regard to minimizing the Federal information collection burden; and

(3) in consultation with the Administrator of General Services, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Archivist of the United States, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, develop and maintain a Governmentwide strategic plan for information resources management, that shall include—

(A) a description of the objectives and the means by which the Federal Government shall apply information resources to improve agency and program performance;

(B) plans for—

(i) reducing information burdens on the public, including reducing such burdens through the elimination of duplication and meeting shared data needs with shared resources;

(ii) enhancing public access to and dissemination of, information, using electronic and other formats; and

(iii) meeting the information technology needs of the Federal Government in accordance with the purposes of this subchapter; and

(C) a description of progress in applying information resources management to improve agency performance and the accomplishment of missions.

(b) For purposes of any pilot project conducted under subsection (a)(2), the Director may, after consultation with the agency head, waive the application of any administrative directive issued by an agency with which the project is conducted, including any directive requiring a collection of information, after giving timely notice to the public and the Congress regarding the need for such waiver.

(c) 1 Inventory of Major Information Systems.—(1) The head of each agency shall develop and maintain an inventory of major information systems (including major national security systems) operated by or under the control of such agency.

(2) The identification of information systems in an inventory under this subsection shall include an identification of the interfaces between each such system and all other systems or networks, including those not operated by or under the control of the agency.

(3) Such inventory shall be—

(A) updated at least annually;

(B) made available to the Comptroller General; and

(C) used to support information resources management, including—

(i) preparation and maintenance of the inventory of information resources under section 3506(b)(4);

(ii) information technology planning, budgeting, acquisition, and management under section 3506(h), subtitle III of title 40, and related laws and guidance;

(iii) monitoring, testing, and evaluation of information security controls under subchapter II;

(iv) preparation of the index of major information systems required under section 552(g) of title 5, United States Code; and

(v) preparation of information system inventories required for records management under chapters 21, 29, 31, and 33.

(4) The Director shall issue guidance for and oversee the implementation of the requirements of this subsection.

(c) 1 Inventory of Information Systems.—(1) The head of each agency shall develop and maintain an inventory of the information systems (including national security systems) operated by or under the control of such agency;

(2) The identification of information systems in an inventory under this subsection shall include an identification of the interfaces between each such system and all other systems or networks, including those not operated by or under the control of the agency;

(3) Such inventory shall be—

(A) updated at least annually;

(B) made available to the Comptroller General; and

(C) used to support information resources management, including—

(i) preparation and maintenance of the inventory of information resources under section 3506(b)(4);

(ii) information technology planning, budgeting, acquisition, and management under section 3506(h), subtitle III of title 40, and related laws and guidance;

(iii) monitoring, testing, and evaluation of information security controls under subchapter II;

(iv) preparation of the index of major information systems required under section 552(g) of title 5, United States Code; and

(v) preparation of information system inventories required for records management under chapters 21, 29, 31, and 33.

(4) The Director shall issue guidance for and oversee the implementation of the requirements of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 170; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1064(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–275; Pub. L. 107–296, title X, §1005(c)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2272; Pub. L. 107–347, title III, §305(c)(2), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2961.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3505, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2818; amended Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VIII, §815], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–337, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VIII, §815], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–337, related to assignment of tasks and deadlines prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3505, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1303, prohibited independent collection by an agency, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3509 of this title.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–347, added subsec. (c) relating to inventory of major information systems.

Pub. L. 107–296 added subsec. (c) relating to inventory of information systems.

2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" in introductory provisions and pars. (2) and (3)(B)(iii).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–347 effective Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(b) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3504 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–398 effective 30 days after Oct. 30, 2000, see section 1 [[div. A], title X, §1065] of Pub. L. 106–398, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under former section 3531 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.

1 So in original. Two subsecs. (c) have been enacted.
44 U.S.C. § 1902 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 19: DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM / Section 1902: Availability of Government publications through Superintendent of Documents; lists of publications not ordered from Government Publishing Office
Availability of Government publications through Superintendent of Documents; lists of publications not ordered from Government Publishing Office
Status: in_force

Government publications, except those determined by their issuing components to be required for official use only or for strictly administrative or operational purposes which have no public interest or educational value and publications classified for reasons of national security, shall be made available to depository libraries through the facilities of the Superintendent of Documents for public information. Each component of the Government shall furnish the Superintendent of Documents a list of such publications it issued during the previous month, that were obtained from sources other than the Government Publishing Office.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1283; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §81b (Pub. L. 87–579, §1, Aug. 9, 1962, 76 Stat. 352).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in section catchline and text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3562 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter III: CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND STATISTICAL EFFICIENCY / Section 3562: Coordination and oversight of policies
Coordination and oversight of policies
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Director shall coordinate and oversee the confidentiality and disclosure policies established by this subchapter. The Director may promulgate rules or provide other guidance to ensure consistent interpretation of this subchapter by the affected agencies. The Director shall develop a process by which the Director designates agencies or organizational units as statistical agencies and units. The Director shall promulgate guidance to implement such process, which shall include specific criteria for such designation and methods by which the Director will ensure transparency in the process.

(b) Agency Rules.—Subject to subsection (c), agencies may promulgate rules to implement this subchapter. Rules governing disclosures of information that are authorized by this subchapter shall be promulgated by the agency that originally collected the information.

(c) Review and Approval of Rules.—The Director shall review any rules proposed by an agency pursuant to this subchapter for consistency with the provisions of this chapter and such rules shall be subject to the approval of the Director.

(d) Reports.—

(1) The head of each agency shall provide to the Director such reports and other information as the Director requests.

(2) Each Designated Statistical Agency (as defined in section 3576(e)) shall report annually to the Director, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the actions it has taken to implement section 3576. The report shall include copies of each written agreement entered into pursuant to section 3576(c)(1) for the applicable year.

(3) The Director shall include a summary of reports submitted to the Director under this subsection and actions taken by the Director to advance the purposes of this subchapter in the annual report to Congress on statistical programs prepared under section 3504(e)(2).

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title III, §302(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5546.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
44 U.S.C. § 2904 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 29: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY THE ARCHIVIST OF THE UNITED STATES AND BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES / Section 2904: General responsibilities for records management
General responsibilities for records management
Status: in_force

(a) The Archivist shall provide guidance and assistance to Federal agencies with respect to ensuring—

(1) economical and effective records management;

(2) adequate and proper documentation of the policies and transactions of the Federal Government; and

(3) proper records disposition.

(b) The Administrator shall provide guidance and assistance to Federal agencies to ensure economical and effective processing of mail by Federal agencies.

(c) In carrying out the responsibilities under subsection (a), the Archivist shall have the responsibility—

(1) to promulgate standards, procedures, and guidelines with respect to records management and the conduct of records management studies;

(2) to conduct research with respect to the improvement of records management practices and programs;

(3) to collect and disseminate information on training programs, technological developments, and other activities relating to records management;

(4) to establish such interagency committees and boards as may be necessary to provide an exchange of information among Federal agencies with respect to records management;

(5) to direct the continuing attention of Federal agencies and the Congress on the need for adequate policies governing records management;

(6) to conduct records management studies and, in the Archivist's discretion, designate the heads of executive agencies to conduct records management studies with respect to establishing systems and techniques designed to save time and effort in records management;

(7) to conduct inspections or surveys of the records and the records management programs and practices within and between Federal agencies;

(8) to report to the appropriate oversight and appropriations committees of the Congress and to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget in January of each year and at such other times as the Archivist deems desirable—

(A) on the results of activities conducted pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (7) of this section,

(B) on evaluations of responses by Federal agencies to any recommendations resulting from inspections or studies conducted under paragraphs (6) and (7) of this section, and

(C) to the extent practicable, estimates of costs to the Federal Government resulting from the failure of agencies to implement such recommendations.

(d) The Archivist shall promulgate regulations requiring all Federal agencies to transfer all digital or electronic records to the National Archives of the United States in digital or electronic form to the greatest extent possible.

(e) The Administrator, in carrying out subsection (b), shall have the responsibility to promote economy and efficiency in the selection and utilization of space, staff, equipment, and supplies for processing mail at Federal facilities.

(Added Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2725; amended Pub. L. 96–511, §2(c)(1), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(b)(16), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 113–187, §§8(7), 9(c), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2012, 2013; Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(2), Nov. 21, 2017, 131 Stat. 1274.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2904, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1296, contained provisions similar to those comprising pars. (1) and (2) of this section, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(2).

Provisions similar to those comprising pars. (8) to (10) of this section were contained in section 2902, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1296, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–575, §2(a)(1).

Amendments

2017—Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(2), amended Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c). See 2014 Amendment notes below.

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(2)(A), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "The Archivist shall provide guidance and assistance to Federal agencies with respect to ensuring adequate and proper documentation of the policies and transactions of the Federal Government and ensuring proper records disposition."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c)(2), as added by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(2)(C), substituted "effective processing of mail by Federal agencies" for "effective records management by such agencies".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c)(3)(A), formerly §9(c)(2)(A), as renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(c)(2)(B), (D)(i), substituted "the responsibilities under subsection (a), the Archivist shall have" for "their responsibilities under subsection (a) or (b), respectively, the Archivist and the Administrator shall each have" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 113–187, §8(7), substituted "the Archivist's" for "his".

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c)(3)(B), formerly §9(c)(2)(B), as renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(2)(B), (D)(ii), struck out "or the Administrator (as the case may be)" after "Archivist".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c)(4), formerly §9(c)(3), as renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(c)(2)(B), (E), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "In addition, the Administrator, in carrying out subsection (b), shall have the responsibility to promote economy and efficiency in the selection and utilization of space, staff, equipment, and supplies for records management."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–187, §9(c)(5), as added by Pub. L. 115–85, §2(a)(2)(F), added subsec. (e).

1984—Pub. L. 98–497 substituted "for records management" for "of Administrator" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–497 designated existing first sentence as subsec. (a) and substituted "Archivist" for "Administrator" and "ensuring adequate and proper documentation of the policies and transactions of the Federal Government and ensuring proper records disposition" for "records creation, records maintenance and use, and records disposition".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–497 added subsec. (b).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–497 designated existing second sentence as subsec. (c), substituted "In carrying out the responsibilities under subsection (a) or (b), respectively" for "In providing such guidance and assistance,", and inserted reference to Archivist in text preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (2) as (1). Provisions contained in former par. (1) are now contained substantially in subsec. (d).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (3) as (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (1).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (6) as (3) and inserted "to collect and", "training programs", and "other activities". Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (5) as (4). Former par. (4), which read "serve as a clearinghouse for information with respect to records management and as a central source for reference and training materials with respect to records management", was struck out.

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (7) as (5) and struck out "the burden placed on the Federal Government by unnecessary paperwork" after "Congress on", "creation" before "maintenance", and "and use, and disposition" after "maintenance". Former par. (5) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (8) as (6) and struck out "with particular attention given to standards and procedures governing records creation" at end. Former par. (6) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (9) as (7) and substituted "surveys of the records and the records management programs and practices within and between Federal agencies" for "records management studies which involve a review of the programs and practices of more than one Federal agency and which examine interaction among and relationships between Federal agencies with respect to records and records management". Former par. (7) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated par. (10) as (8) and inserted "in January of each year", "the Archivist or", and substituted "(7)" for "(9)" and "(6)" and "(7)" for "(8)" and "(9)", respectively, in subpars. (A) and (B).

Subsec. (c)(9), (10). Pub. L. 98–497 redesignated pars. (9) and (10) as (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–497 added subsec. (d).

1980—Par. (10). Pub. L. 96–511 prescribed that the report be to appropriate oversight and appropriations committees, incorporated existing provisions in cls. (A) and (B) and added cl. (C).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–85 effective as if included in Pub. L. 113–187, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 115–85, set out as a note under section 2902 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–511, §5, Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2826, provided: "This Act [enacting chapter 35 of this title, amending this section, section 2905 of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 1221–3 of Title 20, Education, section 1211 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and section 292h of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 101 and 3503 of this title] shall take effect on April 1, 1981."

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report to appropriate oversight and appropriations committees of Congress under subsec. (c)(8) of this section is listed as the 9th item on page 173 and as the 5th item on page 180), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, and section 1(a)(4) [div. A, §1402(1)] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out as notes under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
44 U.S.C. § 3564 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter III: CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND STATISTICAL EFFICIENCY / Section 3564: Effect on other laws
Effect on other laws
Status: in_force

(a) Title 44, United States Code.—This subchapter does not diminish the authority under section 3510 of the Director to direct, and of an agency to make, disclosures that are not inconsistent with any applicable law.

(b) Title 13 and Title 44, United States Code.—This subchapter does not diminish the authority of the Bureau of the Census to provide information in accordance with sections 8, 16, 301, and 401 of title 13 and section 2108 of this title.

(c) Title 13, United States Code.—This subchapter shall not be construed as authorizing the disclosure for nonstatistical purposes of demographic data or information collected by the Bureau of the Census pursuant to section 9 of title 13.

(d) Various Energy Statutes.—Data or information acquired by the Energy Information Administration under a pledge of confidentiality and designated by the Energy Information Administration to be used for exclusively statistical purposes shall not be disclosed in identifiable form for nonstatistical purposes under—

(1) section 12, 20, or 59 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 771, 779, 790h);

(2) section 11 of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 796); or

(3) section 205 or 407 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7135, 7177).

(e) Section 201 of Congressional Budget Act of 1974.—This subchapter shall not be construed to limit any authorities of the Congressional Budget Office to work (consistent with laws governing the confidentiality of information the disclosure of which would be a violation of law) with databases of Designated Statistical Agencies (as defined in section 3576(e)), either separately or, for data that may be shared pursuant to section 3576(c) or other authority, jointly in order to improve the general utility of these databases for the statistical purpose of analyzing pension and health care financing issues.

(f) Preemption of State Law.—Nothing in this subchapter shall preempt applicable State law regarding the confidentiality of data collected by the States.

(g) Statutes Regarding False Statements.—Notwithstanding section 3572, information collected by an agency for exclusively statistical purposes under a pledge of confidentiality may be provided by the collecting agency to a law enforcement agency for the prosecution of submissions to the collecting agency of false statistical information under statutes that authorize criminal penalties (such as section 221 of title 13) or civil penalties for the provision of false statistical information, unless such disclosure or use would otherwise be prohibited under Federal law.

(h) Construction.—Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed as restricting or diminishing any confidentiality protections or penalties for unauthorized disclosure that otherwise apply to data or information collected for statistical purposes or nonstatistical purposes, including, but not limited to, section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(i) Authority of Congress.—Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to affect the authority of the Congress, including its committees, members, or agents, to obtain data or information for a statistical purpose, including for oversight of an agency's statistical activities.

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title III, §302(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5547.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 201 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (e), is classified to section 601 of Title 2, The Congress.

Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (h), is classified to section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
44 U.S.C. § 2206 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 22: PRESIDENTIAL RECORDS / Section 2206: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Archivist shall promulgate in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, regulations necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. Such regulations shall include—

(1) provisions for advance public notice and description of any Presidential records scheduled for disposal pursuant to section 2203(f)(3); 1

(2) provisions for providing notice to the former President when materials to which access would otherwise be restricted pursuant to section 2204(a) are to be made available in accordance with section 2205(2);

(3) provisions for notice by the Archivist to the former President when the disclosure of particular documents may adversely affect any rights and privileges which the former President may have; and

(4) provisions for establishing procedures for consultation between the Archivist and appropriate Federal agencies regarding materials which may be subject to section 552(b)(7) of title 5, United States Code.

(Added Pub. L. 95–591, §2(a), Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2527.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2203(f)(3), referred to in par. (1), was redesignated section 2203(g)(3) of this title by Pub. L. 113–187, §2(c)(3), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2006, and subsequently redesignated section 2203(g)(4) of this title by Pub. L. 114–136, §3(1), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 305.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective with respect to Presidential records created during a term of office of President beginning on or after Jan. 20, 1981, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–591, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
44 U.S.C. § 1113 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 11: EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIARY PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 1113: Annual reports: exclusion of irrelevant matter
Annual reports: exclusion of irrelevant matter
Status: in_force

Executive officers, before transmitting their annual reports, shall carefully examine them and all accompanying documents, and exclude all matter, including engravings, maps, drawings, and illustrations, except such as they certify in their letters transmitting the reports are necessary and relate entirely to the transaction of the public business.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1263.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §219 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §94, 28 Stat. 623).

This section incorporates only the second clause of former section 219. The balance will be found in section 1102 of the revision.
44 U.S.C. § 3557 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter II: INFORMATION SECURITY / Section 3557: National security systems
National security systems
Status: in_force

The head of each agency operating or exercising control of a national security system shall be responsible for ensuring that the agency—

(1) provides information security protections commensurate with the risk and magnitude of the harm resulting from the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of the information contained in such system;

(2) implements information security policies and practices as required by standards and guidelines for national security systems, issued in accordance with law and as directed by the President; and

(3) complies with the requirements of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 113–283, §2(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3084.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in sections 3536 and 3547 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 113–283.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Enforcement of Cybersecurity Requirements for National Security Systems

Pub. L. 117–263, div. F, title LXIII, §6309, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3506, as amended by Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title III, §7352, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1065, provided that:

"(a) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Cybersecurity requirements for national security systems.—The term 'cybersecurity requirements for national security systems' means the minimum cybersecurity requirements established by the National Manager, consistent with the direction of the President and in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, that applies to all national security systems operated by, on the behalf of, or administered by the head of an element of the intelligence community.

"(2) National manager.—The term 'National Manager' means the National Manager for National Security Systems designated by the President.

"(3) National security systems.—The term 'national security systems' includes—

"(A) national security systems (as defined in section 3552(b) of title 44, United States Code); and

"(B) information systems described in paragraph (2) or (3) of section 3553(e) of such title.

"(b) Implementation Deadline.—The cybersecurity requirements for national security systems shall include appropriate deadlines by which all elements of the intelligence community shall have fully implemented the requirements.

"(c) Reevaluation and Updates.—Not less frequently than once every 2 years, the National Manager shall reevaluate and update the cybersecurity requirements for national security systems.

"(d) Resources.—Each head of an element of the intelligence community that owns or operates a national security system shall update plans of the element to prioritize resources in such a manner as to fully implement the cybersecurity requirements for national security systems by the deadline established pursuant to subsection (b) for the next 10 fiscal years.

"(e) Implementation Report.—Each head of an element of the intelligence community that owns or operates a national security system shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection [Dec. 22, 2023] a plan detailing the cost and schedule requirements necessary to meet all of the cybersecurity requirements for national security systems by the end of fiscal year 2026.

"(f) Exemptions.—

"(1) In general.—The head of an element of the intelligence community may exempt a national security system owned or operated by the element from the cybersecurity requirements for national security systems if done so in accordance with the procedures established under paragraph (2).

"(2) Exemption procedures.—The National Manager shall, consistent with the direction of the President, establish procedures that govern—

"(A) the circumstances under which the head of an element of the intelligence community may exempt a national security system under paragraph (1); and

"(B) the process for implementing the exemption.

"(3) Annual reports on exemptions.—

"(A) In general.—Each year, the National Manager and the Director of National Intelligence shall—

"(i) submit to the congressional intelligence committees an annual report documenting all exemptions made under paragraph (1) during the period covered by the report, along with the justifications for the exemptions; and

"(ii) in the case of an exemption made by the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research under such paragraph, submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a separate report describing the exemption and the justification for it.

"(B) Manner.—Each report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted with such classification as the Director considers appropriate and with due regard for the protection of sensitive intelligence sources and methods."

[For definitions of "intelligence community" and "congressional intelligence committees" as used in section 6309 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out above, see section 3003 of Title 50, War and National Defense, as made applicable by section 6002 of Pub. L. 117–263, which is set out as a note under section 3003 of Title 50.]
44 U.S.C. § 1510 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 15: FEDERAL REGISTER AND CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS / Section 1510: Code of Federal Regulations
Code of Federal Regulations
Status: in_force

(a) Special Edition for Codification of Agency Documents.—The Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, with the approval of the President or their designee, may require, from time to time as it considers necessary, the preparation and publication in a special edition of the Federal Register a complete codification of the documents of each agency of the Government having general applicability and legal effect, issued or promulgated by the agency by publication in the Federal Register or by filing with the Administrative Committee, and which are relied upon by the agency as authority for, or are invoked or used by it in the discharge of, its activities or functions, and are in effect as to facts arising on or after dates specified by the Administrative Committee.

(b) Code of Federal Regulations.—A codification prepared under subsection (a) of this section shall be published and shall be designated as the "Code of Federal Regulations". The Administrative Committee shall regulate the manner and forms of publishing this codification.

(c) Supplementation, Collation, and Republication.—The Administrative Committee shall regulate the supplementation and the collation and republication of the codification with a view to keeping the Code of Federal Regulations as current as practicable. Each unit of codification shall be supplemented and republished at least once each calendar year. The Office of the Federal Register may create updates of each unit of codification from time to time and make the same available electronically or may provide public access using an electronic edition that allows a user to select a specific date and retrieve the version of the codification in effect as of that date.

(d) Preparation and Publication by the Federal Register.—The Office of the Federal Register shall prepare and publish the codifications, supplements, collations, indices, and user aids authorized by this section.

(e) Prima Facie Evidence.—The codified documents of the several agencies published in the Code of Federal Regulations under this section, as amended by documents subsequently filed with the Office and published in the daily issues of the Federal Register, shall be prima facie evidence of the text of the documents and of the fact that they are in effect on and after the date of publication.

(f) Regulations.—The Administrative Committee, with approval of the President or their designee, shall issue regulations for carrying out this section.

(g) Exception.—This section does not require codification of the text of Presidential documents published and periodically compiled in supplements to title 3 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1277; Pub. L. 118–267, §2(g), Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 2985.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §311 (July 26, 1935, ch. 417, §11, 49 Stat. 503; June 19, 1937, ch. 369, 50 Stat. 304; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, §202, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2732, 53 Stat. 1435; Dec. 10, 1942, ch. 717, §2, 56 Stat. 1045; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §104(b), 63 Stat. 381; Aug. 5, 1953, ch. 333, 67 Stat. 388; Dec. 2, 1963, Pub. L. 88–190, §1, 77 Stat. 343).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2025—Pub. L. 118–267 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section provided that the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, with the approval of the President, could require the preparation and publication in special or supplemental editions of the Federal Register of complete codifications of the documents of each agency to be published in the Code of Federal Regulations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Retroactive and Prospective Application

Pub. L. 88–190, §2, Dec. 2, 1963, 77 Stat. 344, provided that: "Section 11 of the Federal Register Act [section 311 of former Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, now this section], as amended by the first section of this Act [amending subsecs. (b) to (d) and (g) of such section 311, now subsecs. (b) to (d) and (g) of this section], shall apply to the Code of Federal Regulations previously authorized and published as well as to future publications made pursuant to that section as so amended."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions vested in President by section 11(a), (f) of Federal Register Act [now subsecs. (a) and (f) of this section], to Attorney General and Archivist of United States, see section 6(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 10530, May 10, 1954, 19 F.R. 2709, as amended, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President. See, also, section 103(b)(1) of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of this title.

Codification of Executive and Administrative Documents

Under authority of section 11(d) of the Federal Register Act [now subsec. (d) of this section] the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register issued regulations for the codification of executive and administrative documents, approved by the President Nov. 10, 1937, and set out in F.R. 2849 D.I., 2450 B.V.
44 U.S.C. § 730 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 730: Distribution of documents to Members of Congress
Distribution of documents to Members of Congress
Status: in_force

When, in the division among Senators, and Representatives, of documents printed for the use of Congress there is an apportionment to each or either House in round numbers, the Director of the Government Publishing Office may not deliver the full number so accredited at the Senate Service Department and House of Representatives Publications Distribution Service, but only the largest multiple of the number constituting the full membership of that House, including the Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and Clerk and Sergeant at Arms of the House, which is contained in the round numbers thus accredited to that House, so that the number delivered divides evenly and without remainder among the Members of the House to which they are delivered; and the remainder of the documents thus resulting shall be turned over to the Superintendent of Documents, to be distributed by him, first, to public and school libraries for the purpose of completing broken sets; second, to public and school libraries that have not been supplied with any portions of the sets, and, lastly, by sale to other persons; the libraries to be named to him by Senators and Representatives; and in this distribution the Superintendent of Documents, as far as practicable, shall make an equal allowance to each Senator and Representative.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1253; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §223(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §157 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §68, 28 Stat. 612; Apr. 6, 1904, ch. 862, 33 Stat. 159; July 2, 1954, ch. 455, title I, §101, 68 Stat. 397).

"House of Representatives Publications Distribution Service" is substituted for "House Folding Room" because of the change of name under authority of Public Law 88–652.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

1996—Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "and Sergeant at Arms" for ", Sergeant at Arms, and Doorkeeper".
44 U.S.C. § 3604 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3604: E-Government Fund
E-Government Fund
Status: in_force

(a)(1) There is established in the Treasury of the United States the E-Government Fund.

(2) The Fund shall be administered by the Administrator of the General Services Administration to support projects approved by the Director, assisted by the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government, that enable the Federal Government to expand its ability, through the development and implementation of innovative uses of the Internet or other electronic methods, to conduct activities electronically.

(3) Projects under this subsection may include efforts to—

(A) make Federal Government information and services more readily available to members of the public (including individuals, businesses, grantees, and State and local governments);

(B) make it easier for the public to apply for benefits, receive services, pursue business opportunities, submit information, and otherwise conduct transactions with the Federal Government; and

(C) enable Federal agencies to take advantage of information technology in sharing information and conducting transactions with each other and with State and local governments.

(b)(1) The Administrator shall—

(A) establish procedures for accepting and reviewing proposals for funding;

(B) consult with interagency councils, including the Chief Information Officers Council, the Chief Financial Officers Council, and other interagency management councils, in establishing procedures and reviewing proposals; and

(C) assist the Director in coordinating resources that agencies receive from the Fund with other resources available to agencies for similar purposes.

(2) When reviewing proposals and managing the Fund, the Administrator shall observe and incorporate the following procedures:

(A) A project requiring substantial involvement or funding from an agency shall be approved by a senior official with agencywide authority on behalf of the head of the agency, who shall report directly to the head of the agency.

(B) Projects shall adhere to fundamental capital planning and investment control processes.

(C) Agencies shall identify in their proposals resource commitments from the agencies involved and how these resources would be coordinated with support from the Fund, and include plans for potential continuation of projects after all funds made available from the Fund are expended.

(D) After considering the recommendations of the interagency councils, the Director, assisted by the Administrator, shall have final authority to determine which of the candidate projects shall be funded from the Fund.

(E) Agencies shall assess the results of funded projects.

(c) In determining which proposals to recommend for funding, the Administrator—

(1) shall consider criteria that include whether a proposal—

(A) identifies the group to be served, including citizens, businesses, the Federal Government, or other governments;

(B) indicates what service or information the project will provide that meets needs of groups identified under subparagraph (A);

(C) ensures proper security and protects privacy;

(D) is interagency in scope, including projects implemented by a primary or single agency that—

(i) could confer benefits on multiple agencies; and

(ii) have the support of other agencies; and

(E) has performance objectives that tie to agency missions and strategic goals, and interim results that relate to the objectives; and

(2) may also rank proposals based on criteria that include whether a proposal—

(A) has Governmentwide application or implications;

(B) has demonstrated support by the public to be served;

(C) integrates Federal with State, local, or tribal approaches to service delivery;

(D) identifies resource commitments from nongovernmental sectors;

(E) identifies resource commitments from the agencies involved;

(F) uses web-based technologies to achieve objectives;

(G) identifies records management and records access strategies;

(H) supports more effective citizen participation in and interaction with agency activities that further progress toward a more citizen-centered Government;

(I) directly delivers Government information and services to the public or provides the infrastructure for delivery;

(J) supports integrated service delivery;

(K) describes how business processes across agencies will reflect appropriate transformation simultaneous to technology implementation; and

(L) is new or innovative and does not supplant existing funding streams within agencies.

(d) The Fund may be used to fund the integrated Internet-based system under section 204 of the E-Government Act of 2002.

(e) None of the funds provided from the Fund may be transferred to any agency until 15 days after the Administrator of the General Services Administration has submitted to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and the appropriate authorizing committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives, a notification and description of how the funds are to be allocated and how the expenditure will further the purposes of this chapter.

(f)(1) The Director shall report annually to Congress on the operation of the Fund, through the report established under section 3606.

(2) The report under paragraph (1) shall describe—

(A) all projects which the Director has approved for funding from the Fund; and

(B) the results that have been achieved to date for these funded projects.

(g)(1) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund—

(A) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;

(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;

(C) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;

(D) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and

(E) such sums as are necessary for fiscal year 2007.

(2) Funds appropriated under this subsection shall remain available until expended.

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title I, §101(a), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2906.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 204 of the E-Government Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (d), is section 204 of Pub. L. 107–347, which is set out in a note under section 3501 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Effective Date

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 306 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 3: GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE / Section 306: Director of the Government Publishing Office: employment of skilled workmen; trial of skill
Director of the Government Publishing Office: employment of skilled workmen; trial of skill
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall employ workmen who are thoroughly skilled in their respective branches of industry, as shown by trial of their skill under the direction of the Director.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1240; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c), (i)(3), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, 2538.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §41 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §45, 28 Stat. 607).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(i)(3), substituted "the direction of the Director" for "his direction".

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in section catchline and text.
44 U.S.C. § 715 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 715: Senate and House documents and reports for Department of State
Senate and House documents and reports for Department of State
Status: in_force

The Director of the Government Publishing Office shall print, in addition to the usual number, and furnish the Department of State twenty copies of each Senate and House of Representatives document and report.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1250; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(c)(1), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §138 (Feb. 7, 1896, No. 14, 29 Stat. 463).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235 substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".
44 U.S.C. § 1908 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 19: DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM / Section 1908: American Antiquarian Society to receive certain publications
American Antiquarian Society to receive certain publications
Status: in_force

One copy of the public journals of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and of the documents published under the orders of the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, shall be transmitted to the Executive of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for the use and benefit of the American Antiquarian Society of the Commonwealth.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1285.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §88 (Dec. 1, 1814, No. 7, 3 Stat. 248).
44 U.S.C. § 725 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 7: CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 725: Statement of appropriations; "usual number"
Statement of appropriations; "usual number"
Status: in_force

Of the statements of appropriations required to be prepared by section 105 of Title 2,1 there shall be printed, after the close of each regular session of Congress, the usual number of copies.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1252.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §153 (Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 189, §1, 28 Stat. 958).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 105 of Title 2, referred to in text, was editorially reclassified as section 4303 of Title 2, The Congress.

1 So in original. See References in Text note below.
44 U.S.C. § 501 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 5: PRODUCTION AND PROCUREMENT OF PRINTING AND BINDING / Section 501: Government printing, binding, and blank-book work to be done at Government Publishing Office
Government printing, binding, and blank-book work to be done at Government Publishing Office
Status: in_force

All printing, binding, and blank-book work for Congress, the Executive Office, the Judiciary, other than the Supreme Court of the United States, and every executive department, independent office and establishment of the Government, shall be done at the Government Publishing Office, except—

(1) classes of work the Joint Committee on Printing considers to be urgent or necessary to have done elsewhere; and

(2) printing in field printing plants operated by an executive department, independent office or establishment, and the procurement of printing by an executive department, independent office or establishment from allotments for contract field printing, if approved by the Joint Committee on Printing.

Printing or binding may be done at the Government Publishing Office only when authorized by law.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §111 and 116 (part) (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §§86, 87, 28 Stat. 662; Mar. 1, 1919, ch. 86, §11, 40 Stat. 1270; July 5, 1949, ch. 296, 63 Stat. 405).

This section incorporates only the first sentence of former section 116. The balance will be found in section 1123 of the revision.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in section catchline and text on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.

Vegetable Ink Printing

Pub. L. 103–348, Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3133, as amended by Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Vegetable Ink Printing Act of 1994'."

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds the following:

"(1) More than 95 percent of Federal printing involving documents or publications is performed using lithographic inks.

"(2) Various types of oil, including petroleum and vegetable oil, are used in lithographic ink.

"(3) Increasing the amount of vegetable oil used in a lithographic ink would—

"(A) help reduce the Nation's use of nonrenewable energy resources;

"(B) result in the use of products that are less damaging to the environment;

"(C) result in a reduction of volatile organic compound emissions; and

"(D) increase the use of renewable agricultural products.

"(4) The technology exists to use vegetable oil in lithographic ink and, in some applications, to use lithographic ink that uses no petroleum distillates in the liquid portion of the ink.

"(5) Some lithographic inks have contained vegetable oils for many years; other lithographic inks have more recently begun to use vegetable oil.

"(6) According to the Government Publishing Office, using vegetable oil-based ink appears to add little if any additional cost to Government printing.

"(7) Use of vegetable oil-based ink in Federal Government printing should further develop—

"(A) the commercial viability of vegetable oil-based ink, which could result in demand, for domestic use alone, for 2,500,000,000 pounds of vegetable crops or 500,000,000 pounds of vegetable oil; and

"(B) a product that could help the United States retain or enlarge its share of the world market for vegetable oil-ink.

"(b) Purpose.—The purpose of this Act is to require that all lithographic printing using ink containing oil that is performed or procured by a Federal agency shall use ink containing the maximum amounts of vegetable oil and materials derived from other renewable resources that—

"(1) are technologically feasible, and

"(2) result in printing costs that are competitive with printing using petroleum-based inks.

"SEC. 3. FEDERAL PRINTING REQUIREMENTS.

"(a) General Rule.—Notwithstanding any other law, and except as provided in subsection (b), a Federal agency may not perform or procure lithographic printing that uses ink containing oil if the ink contains less than the following percentage of vegetable oil:

"(1) In the case of news ink, 40 percent.

"(2) In the case of sheet-fed ink, 20 percent.

"(3) In the case of forms ink, 20 percent.

"(4) In the case of heat-set ink, 10 percent.

"(b) Exceptions.—

"(1) Exceptions.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to lithographic printing performed or procured by a Federal agency, if—

"(A) the head of the agency determines, after consultation with the Director of the Government Publishing Office and within the 3-year period ending on the date of the commencement of the printing or the date of that procurement, respectively, that vegetable oil-based ink is not suitable to meet specific, identified requirements of the agency related to the printing; or

"(B) the Director of the Government Publishing Office determines—

"(i) within the 3-month period ending on the date of the commencement of the printing, in the case of printing of materials that are printed at intervals of less than 6 months, or

"(ii) before the date of the commencement of the printing, in the case of printing of materials that are printed at intervals of 6 months or more;

  that the cost of performing the printing using vegetable oil-based ink is significantly greater than the cost of performing the printing using other available ink.

"(2) Notice to congress.—Not later than 30 days after making a determination under paragraph (1)(A), the head of a Federal agency shall report the determination to the Committee on Government Operations [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] and the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Rules of the Senate.

"(c) Federal Agency Defined.—In this Act, the term 'Federal agency' means—

"(1) an executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government-controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency; and

"(2) an establishment or component of the legislative or judicial branch of the Government."

Government Publications: Printing; GPO Procurement; Executive Branch Procurement of Certain Kinds of Printing; "Printing" Defined

Pub. L. 102–392, title II, §207(a), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1719, as amended by Pub. L. 103–283, title II, §207, July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1440; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1112(e)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2683; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(b)(4), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, provided that:

"(1) None of the funds appropriated for any fiscal year may be obligated or expended by any entity of the executive branch for the procurement of any printing related to the production of Government publications (including printed forms), unless such procurement is by or through the Government Publishing Office.

"(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to (A) individual printing orders costing not more than $1,000, if the work is not of a continuing or repetitive nature, and, as certified by the Director of the Government Publishing Office, if the work is included in a class of work which cannot be provided more economically through the Government Publishing Office, (B) printing for the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, or the National Security Agency, or (C) printing from other sources that is specifically authorized by law.

"(3) As used in this section, the term 'printing' includes the processes of composition, platemaking, presswork, duplicating, silk screen processes, binding, microform, and the end items of such processes."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 101–520, title II, §206, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2274; repealed by Pub. L. 102–392, title II, §207(b), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1720.

Pub. L. 101–163, title III, §308, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1065.

Pub. L. 100–458, title III, §309, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2184.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(i) [title III, §309], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–310.
44 U.S.C. § 3615 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3615: Reports to Congress; GAO report
Reports to Congress; GAO report
Status: in_force

(a) Reports to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Director shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes the following:

(1) During the preceding year, the status, efficiency, and effectiveness of the General Services Administration under section 3609 and agencies under section 3613 and in supporting the speed, effectiveness, sharing, reuse, and security of authorizations to operate for secure cloud computing products and services.

(2) Progress towards meeting the metrics required under section 3609(d).

(3) Data on FedRAMP authorizations.

(4) The average length of time to issue FedRAMP authorizations.

(5) The number of FedRAMP authorizations submitted, issued, and denied for the preceding year.

(6) A review of progress made during the preceding year in advancing automation techniques to securely automate FedRAMP processes and to accelerate reporting under this section.

(7) The number and characteristics of authorized cloud computing products and services in use at each agency consistent with guidance provided by the Director under section 3614.

(8) A review of FedRAMP measures to ensure the security of data stored or processed by cloud service providers, which may include—

(A) geolocation restrictions for provided products or services;

(B) disclosures of foreign elements of supply chains of acquired products or services;

(C) continued disclosures of ownership of cloud service providers by foreign entities; and

(D) encryption for data processed, stored, or transmitted by cloud service providers.

(b) GAO Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Comptroller General of the United States shall report to the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of the following:

(1) The costs incurred by agencies and cloud service providers relating to the issuance of FedRAMP authorizations.

(2) The extent to which agencies have processes in place to continuously monitor the implementation of cloud computing products and services operating as Federal information systems.

(3) How often and for which categories of products and services agencies use FedRAMP authorizations.

(4) The unique costs and potential burdens incurred by cloud computing companies that are small business concerns (as defined in section 3(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632(a)) as a part of the FedRAMP authorization process.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3455.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–263, which was approved Dec. 23, 2022.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3608 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3608: Federal risk and authorization management program
Federal risk and authorization management program
Status: in_force

There is established within the General Services Administration the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program. The Administrator, subject to section 3614, shall establish a Government-wide program that provides a standardized, reusable approach to security assessment and authorization for cloud computing products and services that process unclassified information used by agencies.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3450.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 1322 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 13: PARTICULAR REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS / Section 1322: Immigration and Naturalization Service: report
Immigration and Naturalization Service: report
Status: in_force

The number of copies, not to exceed five thousand, to be printed of the annual reports of the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice shall be subject to the discretion of the Attorney General.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1269.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §266 (Mar. 3, 1905, No. 33, 33 Stat. 1287; Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §3, 37 Stat. 737; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §14, June 10, 1933; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. V, §1, eff. June 14, 1940, 5 F.R. 2223, 54 Stat. 1238).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
44 U.S.C. § 3519 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3519: Access to information
Access to information
Status: in_force

Under the conditions and procedures prescribed in section 716 of title 31, the Director and personnel in the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall furnish such information as the Comptroller General may require for the discharge of the responsibilities of the Comptroller General. For the purpose of obtaining such information, the Comptroller General or representatives thereof shall have access to all books, documents, papers and records, regardless of form or format, of the Office.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 183.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3519, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825; amended Pub. L. 97–258, §3(m)(3), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1066, related to access to information prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 305 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 3: GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE / Section 305: Director of the Government Publishing Office: employees; pay
Director of the Government Publishing Office: employees; pay
Status: in_force

(a) The Director of the Government Publishing Office may employ journeymen, apprentices, laborers, and other persons necessary for the work of the Government Publishing Office at rates of wages and salaries, including compensation for night and overtime work, the Director considers for the interest of the Government and just to the persons employed, except as otherwise provided by this section. The Director of the Government Publishing Office may not employ more persons than the necessities of the public work require nor more than four hundred apprentices at one time. The minimum pay of journeymen printers, pressmen, and bookbinders employed in the Government Publishing Office shall be at the rate of 90 cents an hour for the time actually employed. Except as provided by the preceding part of this section the rate of wages, including compensation for night and overtime work, for more than ten employees of the same occupation shall be determined by a conference between the Director of the Government Publishing Office and a committee selected by the trades affected, and the rates and compensation so agreed upon shall become effective upon approval by the Joint Committee on Printing. When the Director of the Government Publishing Office and the committee representing the trade fail to agree as to wages, salaries, and compensation, either party may appeal to the Joint Committee on Printing, and the decision of the Joint Committee is final. The wages, salaries, and compensation so determined are not subject to change oftener than once a year.

(b) The Director of the Government Publishing Office may grant an employee paid on an annual basis compensatory time off from duty instead of overtime pay for overtime work.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1240; Pub. L. 91–167, Dec. 26, 1969, 83 Stat. 453; Pub. L. 91–369, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (c), (i)(2), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, 2538.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §40 (Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, §§39, 49, 50, 28 Stat. 607, 608; June 6, 1900, ch. 791, §1, 31 Stat. 643; Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 299, §1, 35 Stat. 1021, 1024; Aug. 24, 1912, ch. 355, §1, 37 Stat. 482; July 8, 1918, ch. 139, §1, 40 Stat. 836; Aug. 2, 1919, ch. 30, 41 Stat. 272; Feb. 20, 1923, ch. 98, 42 Stat. 1278; June 7, 1924, ch. 354, §1, 43 Stat. 658).

Last sentence of this section was deleted as executed.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(2), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(i)(2), substituted "the Director considers" for "he considers" and "The Director of the Government Publishing Office may not" for "He may not".

Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer" in three places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–235, §1301(c)(1), substituted "Director of the Government Publishing Office" for "Public Printer".

1970—Pub. L. 91–369 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1969—Pub. L. 91–167 substituted "four hundred" for "two hundred" as the number of apprentices which the Public Printer may employ at one time.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of this title.

Repeals

General repealer of provisions inconsistent with Pub. L. 92–392 as not repealing or affecting this section, see section 13 of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5341 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Voluntary Separation Incentives

Pub. L. 105–275, title III, §309, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2454, as amended by Pub. L. 107–68, title II, §210(a), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 590; Pub. L. 112–10, div. B, title IX, §1926(a), Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 172; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, provided that:

"(a) Severance Pay.—[Amended section 5595 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.]

"(b) Early Retirement.—(1) This subsection applies to an employee of the Government Publishing Office who—

"(A) voluntarily separates from service on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998] and before October 1, 2004; and

"(B) on such date of separation—

"(i) has completed 25 years of service as defined under section 8331(12) or 8401(26) of title 5, United States Code; or

"(ii) has completed 20 years of such service and is at least 50 years of age.

"(2) Notwithstanding any provision of chapter 83 or 84 of title 5, United States Code, an employee described under paragraph (1) is entitled to an annuity which shall be computed consistent with the provisions of law applicable to annuities under section 8336(d) or 8414(b) of title 5, United States Code.

"(c) Voluntary Separation Incentive Payments.—(1) In this subsection, the term 'employee' means an employee of the Government Publishing Office, serving without limitation, who has been currently employed for a continuous period of at least 12 months, except that such term shall not include—

"(A) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or another retirement system for employees of the Government;

"(B) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under any of the retirement systems referred to in subparagraph (A); or

"(C) an employee who is employed on a temporary when actually employed basis.

"(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in order to avoid or minimize the need for involuntary separations due to a reduction in force, reorganization, transfer of function, or other similar action affecting the agency, the Director of the Government Publishing Office shall establish a program under which voluntary separation incentive payments may be offered to encourage eligible employees to separate from service voluntarily (whether by retirement or resignation) during the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998] through September 30, 2004.

"(3) Such voluntary separation incentive payments shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of section 5597(d) of title 5, United States Code. Any such payment shall not be a basis of payment, and shall not be included in the computation, of any other type of Government benefit.

"(4)(A) Not later than January 15, 1999, the Director of the Government Publishing Office shall submit a plan described under subparagraph (C) to the Joint Committee on Printing (or any applicable successor committees).

"(B) No voluntary separation incentive payment may be paid under this section unless the Director of the Government Publishing Office submits a plan described under subparagraph (C) to the Joint Committee on Printing (or any applicable successor committees) and the Joint Committee on Printing approves the plan (or such successor committees approve the plan).

"(C) The plan referred to under subparagraph (B) shall include—

"(i) the positions and functions to be reduced or eliminated, identified by organizational unit, occupational category, and pay or grade level;

"(ii) the number and amounts of voluntary separation incentive payments to be offered; and

"(iii) a description of how the Government Publishing Office will operate without the eliminated positions and functions.

"[(5) Repealed. Pub. L. 112–10, div. B, title IX, §1926(a), Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 172.]

"(6)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), an employee who has received a voluntary separation incentive payment under this section and accepts employment with the Government of the United States within 5 years after the date of the separation on which the payment is based shall be required to repay the entire amount of the incentive payment to the agency that paid the incentive payment.

"(B)(i) If the employment is with an Executive agency (as defined by section 105 of title 5, United States Code), the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of the agency, waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

"(ii) If the employment is with an entity in the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the appointing official may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

"(iii) If the employment is with the judicial branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

"(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A) (but not subparagraph (B)), the term 'employment' includes employment under a personal services contract with the United States.

"(7) Not later than January 15, 1999, the Director of the Government Publishing Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection.

"(d) Retraining, Job Placement, and Counseling Services.—(1) In this subsection, the term 'employee'—

"(A) means an employee of the Government Publishing Office; and

"(B) shall not include—

"(i) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or another retirement system for employees of the Government; or

"(ii) an employee who is employed on a temporary when actually employed basis.

"(2) The Director of the Government Publishing Office may establish a program to provide retraining, job placement, and counseling services to employees and former employees.

"(3) A former employee may not participate in a program established under this subsection, if—

"(A) the former employee was separated from service with the Government Publishing Office for more than 1 year; or

"(B) the separation was by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency.

"(4) Retraining costs for the program established under this subsection may not exceed $5,000 for each employee or former employee.

"(e) Administrative Provisions.—(1) The Director of the Government Publishing Office—

"(A) may use employees of the Government Publishing Office to establish and administer programs and carry out the provisions of this section; and

"(B) may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States Code, to carry out such provisions—

"(i) not subject to the 1 year of service limitation under such section 3109(b); and

"(ii) at rates for individuals which do not exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of such title.

"(2) Funds to carry out subsections (a) and (c) may be expended only from funds available for the basic pay of the employee who is receiving the applicable payment.

"(3) Funds to carry out subsection (d) may be expended from any funds made available to the Director of the Government Publishing Office."

[Pub. L. 112–10, div. B, title IX, §1926(b), Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 172, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 309 of Pub. L. 105–275, set out above] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1999 [Pub. L. 105–275]."]

[Pub. L. 107–68, title II, §210(b), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 590, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending section 309 of Pub. L. 105–275, set out above] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1999 [Pub. L. 105–275]."]
44 U.S.C. § 3508 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 35: COORDINATION OF FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Subchapter I: FEDERAL INFORMATION POLICY / Section 3508: Determination of necessity for information; hearing
Determination of necessity for information; hearing
Status: in_force

Before approving a proposed collection of information, the Director shall determine whether the collection of information by the agency is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including whether the information shall have practical utility. Before making a determination the Director may give the agency and other interested persons an opportunity to be heard or to submit statements in writing. To the extent, if any, that the Director determines that the collection of information by an agency is unnecessary for any reason, the agency may not engage in the collection of information.

(Added Pub. L. 104–13, §2, May 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 179.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3508, added Pub. L. 96–511, §2(a), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2821, related to determination of whether collection of information is necessary for proper performance of functions of agency prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–13.

Another prior section 3508, Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1304, related to unlawful disclosure of information, penalties, and release of information to other agencies, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–511. See section 3510(b) of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1995, except as otherwise provided, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 104–13, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title.
44 U.S.C. § 3101 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 31: RECORDS MANAGEMENT BY FEDERAL AGENCIES / Section 3101: Records management by agency heads; general duties
Records management by agency heads; general duties
Status: in_force

The head of each Federal agency shall make and preserve records containing adequate and proper documentation of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, and essential transactions of the agency and designed to furnish the information necessary to protect the legal and financial rights of the Government and of persons directly affected by the agency's activities.

(Pub. L. 90–620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1297.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on 44 U.S. Code, 1964 ed., §396(a) (June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title V, §506(a), as added Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(d), 64 Stat. 583).

Executive Documents

Managing Government Records

Memorandum of President of the United States, Nov. 28, 2011, 76 F.R. 75423, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Section 1. Purpose. This memorandum begins an executive branch-wide effort to reform records management policies and practices. Improving records management will improve performance and promote openness and accountability by better documenting agency actions and decisions. Records transferred to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) provide the prism through which future generations will understand and learn from our actions and decisions. Modernized records management will also help executive departments and agencies (agencies) minimize costs and operate more efficiently. Improved records management thus builds on Executive Order 13589 of November 9, 2011 (Promoting Efficient Spending), which directed agencies to reduce spending and focus on mission-critical functions.

When records are well-managed, agencies can use them to assess the impact of programs, to reduce redundant efforts, to save money, and to share knowledge within and across their organizations. In these ways, proper records management is the backbone of open Government.

Decades of technological advances have transformed agency operations, creating challenges and opportunities for agency records management. Greater reliance on electronic communication and systems has radically increased the volume and diversity of information that agencies must manage. With proper planning, technology can make these records less burdensome to manage and easier to use and share. But if records management policies and practices are not updated for a digital age, the surge in information could overwhelm agency systems, leading to higher costs and lost records.

We must address these challenges while using the opportunity to develop a 21st-century framework for the management of Government records. This framework will provide a foundation for open Government, leverage information to improve agency performance, and reduce unnecessary costs and burdens.

Sec. 2. Agency Commitments to Records Management Reform. (a) The head of each agency shall:

(i) ensure that the successful implementation of records management requirements in law, regulation, and this memorandum is a priority for senior agency management;

(ii) ensure that proper resources are allocated to the effective implementation of such requirements; and

(iii) within 30 days of the date of this memorandum, designate in writing to the Archivist of the United States (Archivist), a senior agency official to supervise the review required by subsection (b) of this section, in coordination with the agency's Records Officer, Chief Information Officer, and General Counsel.

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this memorandum, each agency head shall submit a report to the Archivist and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) that:

(i) describes the agency's current plans for improving or maintaining its records management program, particularly with respect to managing electronic records, including email and social media, deploying cloud-based services or storage solutions, and meeting other records challenges;

(ii) identifies any provisions, or omissions, in relevant statutes, regulations, or official NARA guidance that currently pose an obstacle to the agency's adoption of sound, cost-effective records management policies and practices; and

(iii) identifies policies or programs that, if included in the Records Management Directive required by section 3 of this memorandum or adopted or implemented by NARA, would assist the agency's efforts to improve records management.

The reports submitted pursuant to this subsection should supplement, and therefore need not duplicate, information provided by agencies to NARA pursuant to other reporting obligations.

Sec. 3. Records Management Directive. (a) Within 120 days of the deadline for reports submitted pursuant to section 2(b) of this memorandum, the Director of OMB and the Archivist, in coordination with the Associate Attorney General, shall issue a Records Management Directive that directs agency heads to take specific steps to reform and improve records management policies and practices within their agency. The directive shall focus on:

(i) creating a Government-wide records management framework that is more efficient and cost-effective;

(ii) promoting records management policies and practices that enhance the capability of agencies to fulfill their statutory missions;

(iii) maintaining accountability through documentation of agency actions;

(iv) increasing open Government and appropriate public access to Government records;

(v) supporting agency compliance with applicable legal requirements related to the preservation of information relevant to litigation; and

(vi) transitioning from paper-based records management to electronic records management where feasible.

(b) In the course of developing the directive, the Archivist, in coordination with the Director of OMB and the Associate Attorney General, shall review relevant statutes, regulations, and official NARA guidance to identify opportunities for reforms that would facilitate improved Government-wide records management practices, particularly with respect to electronic records. The Archivist, in coordination with the Director of OMB and the Associate Attorney General, shall present to the President the results of this review, no later than the date of the directive's issuance, to facilitate potential updates to the laws, regulations, and policies governing the management of Federal records.

(c) In developing the directive, the Director of OMB and the Archivist, in coordination with the Associate Attorney General, shall consult with other affected agencies, interagency groups, and public stakeholders.

Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(b) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Sec. 5. Publication. The Archivist is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.
44 U.S.C. § 3616 (2024) — Title 44: PUBLIC PRINTING AND DOCUMENTS / Chapter 36: MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT SERVICES / Section 3616: Federal Secure Cloud Advisory Committee
Federal Secure Cloud Advisory Committee
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment, Purposes, and Duties.—

(1) Establishment.—There is established a Federal Secure Cloud Advisory Committee (referred to in this section as the "Committee") to ensure effective and ongoing coordination of agency adoption, use, authorization, monitoring, acquisition, and security of cloud computing products and services to enable agency mission and administrative priorities.

(2) Purposes.—The purposes of the Committee are the following:

(A) To examine the operations of FedRAMP and determine ways that authorization processes can continuously be improved, including the following:

(i) Measures to increase agency reuse of FedRAMP authorizations.

(ii) Proposed actions that can be adopted to reduce the burden, confusion, and cost associated with FedRAMP authorizations for cloud service providers.

(iii) Measures to increase the number of FedRAMP authorizations for cloud computing products and services offered by small businesses concerns (as defined by section 3(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632(a)).

(iv) Proposed actions that can be adopted to reduce the burden and cost of FedRAMP authorizations for agencies.

(B) Collect information and feedback on agency compliance with and implementation of FedRAMP requirements.

(C) Serve as a forum that facilitates communication and collaboration among the FedRAMP stakeholder community.

(3) Duties.—The duties of the Committee include providing advice and recommendations to the Administrator, the FedRAMP Board, and agencies on technical, financial, programmatic, and operational matters regarding secure adoption of cloud computing products and services.

(b) Members.—

(1) Composition.—The Committee shall be comprised of not more than 15 members who are qualified representatives from the public and private sectors, appointed by the Administrator, in consultation with the Director, as follows:

(A) The Administrator or the Administrator's designee, who shall be the Chair of the Committee.

(B) At least 1 representative each from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(C) At least 2 officials who serve as the Chief Information Security Officer within an agency, who shall be required to maintain such a position throughout the duration of their service on the Committee.

(D) At least 1 official serving as Chief Procurement Officer (or equivalent) in an agency, who shall be required to maintain such a position throughout the duration of their service on the Committee.

(E) At least 1 individual representing an independent assessment service.

(F) At least 5 representatives from unique businesses that primarily provide cloud computing services or products, including at least 2 representatives from a small business concern (as defined by section 3(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632(a))).

(G) At least 2 other representatives of the Federal Government as the Administrator determines necessary to provide sufficient balance, insights, or expertise to the Committee.

(2) Deadline for appointment.—Each member of the Committee shall be appointed not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this section.

(3) Period of appointment; vacancies.—

(A) In general.—Each non-Federal member of the Committee shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, except that the initial terms for members may be staggered 1-, 2-, or 3-year terms to establish a rotation in which one-third of the members are selected each year. Any such member may be appointed for not more than 2 consecutive terms.

(B) Vacancies.—Any vacancy in the Committee shall not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made. Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A member may serve after the expiration of that member's term until a successor has taken office.

(c) Meetings and Rules of Procedures.—

(1) Meetings.—The Committee shall hold not fewer than 3 meetings in a calendar year, at such time and place as determined by the Chair.

(2) Initial meeting.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Committee shall meet and begin the operations of the Committee.

(3) Rules of procedure.—The Committee may establish rules for the conduct of the business of the Committee if such rules are not inconsistent with this section or other applicable law.

(d) Employee Status.—

(1) In general.—A member of the Committee (other than a member who is appointed to the Committee in connection with another Federal appointment) shall not be considered an employee of the Federal Government by reason of any service as such a member, except for the purposes of section 5703 of title 5, relating to travel expenses.

(2) Pay not permitted.—A member of the Committee covered by paragraph (1) may not receive pay by reason of service on the Committee.

(e) Applicability to the Federal Advisory Committee Act.—Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) 1 shall not apply to the Committee.

(f) Detail of Employees.—Any Federal Government employee may be detailed to the Committee without reimbursement from the Committee, and such detailee shall retain the rights, status, and privileges of his or her regular employment without interruption.

(g) Postal Services.—The Committee may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as agencies.

(h) Reports.—

(1) Interim reports.—The Committee may submit to the Administrator and Congress interim reports containing such findings, conclusions, and recommendations as have been agreed to by the Committee.

(2) Annual reports.—Not later than 540 days after the date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Committee shall submit to the Administrator and Congress a report containing such findings, conclusions, and recommendations as have been agreed to by the Committee.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3456.)

Repeal of Section

For repeal of section by section 5921(d)(1) of Pub. L. 117–263, see Effective Date of Repeal note below.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2), (c)(2), and (h)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–263, which was approved Dec. 23, 2022.

Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (e), is section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, which was set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and was repealed and restated as section 1013 of Title 5 by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(a), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4204, 4361.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5921(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3458, provided that the repeal of this section is effective on the date that is 5 years after Dec. 23, 2022.

Construction

For rule of construction regarding section 5921 of Pub. L. 117–263, see section 5921(e) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 3607 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.