34 U.S.C. § 20122 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20122: Education, training, and enhanced services to end violence against and abuse of individuals with disabilities and Deaf people
Education, training, and enhanced services to end violence against and abuse of individuals with disabilities and Deaf people
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, may award grants to eligible entities—

(1) to provide training, consultation, and information on domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, sexual assault, and abuse by caregivers against individuals with disabilities (as defined in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102)) and Deaf people; and

(2) to enhance direct services to such individuals.

(b) Use of funds

Grants awarded under this section shall be used—

(1) to provide personnel, training, technical assistance, advocacy, intervention, risk reduction (including using evidence-based indicators to assess the risk of domestic and dating violence homicide) and prevention of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, and sexual assault against individuals with disabilities and Deaf people;

(2) to conduct outreach activities to ensure that individuals with disabilities and Deaf people who are victims of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual assault receive appropriate assistance;

(3) to conduct cross-training for victim service organizations, governmental agencies, courts, law enforcement and other first responders, and nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations serving individuals with disabilities about risk reduction, intervention, prevention and the nature of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, and sexual assault for individuals with disabilities and Deaf people;

(4) to provide technical assistance to assist with modifications to existing policies, protocols, and procedures to ensure equal access to the services, programs, and activities of victim service providers for individuals with disabilities and Deaf people;

(5) to provide training and technical assistance on the requirements of shelters and victim service providers under Federal antidiscrimination laws, including—

(A) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.]; and

(B) section 794 of title 29;

(6) to modify facilities, purchase equipment, and provide personnel so that shelters and victim service organizations can accommodate the needs of individuals with disabilities and Deaf people;

(7) to provide advocacy and intervention services for individuals with disabilities and Deaf people who are victims of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual assault; or

(8) to develop model programs to enhance the capacity of organizations serving individuals with disabilities and Deaf people who are victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking.

(c) Eligible entities

(1) In general

An entity shall be eligible to receive a grant under this section if the entity is—

(A) a State;

(B) a unit of local government;

(C) an Indian tribal government or tribal organization; or

(D) a victim service provider, such as a State or tribal domestic violence or sexual assault coalition or a nonprofit, nongovernmental organization serving individuals with disabilities and Deaf people.

(2) Limitation

A grant awarded for the purpose described in subsection (b)(8) shall only be awarded to an eligible agency (as defined in section 796f–5 1 of title 29).

(d) Underserved populations

In awarding grants under this section, the Director shall ensure that the needs of underserved populations are being addressed.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title IV, §1402, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1513; Pub. L. 109–162, title II, §204(a), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3000; Pub. L. 113–4, title II, §203, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 82; Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title II, §203, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 857.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(5)(A), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 796f–5 of title 29, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was in the original "section 410 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796f–5)" and was translated as meaning section 726 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796gg–7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–103, §203(1), substituted "individuals with disabilities and Deaf people" for "women with disabilities" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–103, §203(2), substituted "sexual assault, and abuse by caregivers" for "and sexual assault" and inserted "and Deaf people" after "with disabilities (as defined in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102))".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–103, §203(3)(A), substituted "individuals with disabilities and Deaf people" for "disabled individuals" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 117–103, §203(3)(B), inserted "and other first responders" after "law enforcement".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 117–103, §203(3)(C), substituted "to enhance the capacity of" for "providing advocacy and intervention services within".

Subsec. (c)(1)(D). Pub. L. 117–103, §203(4), substituted "individuals with disabilities and Deaf people" for "disabled individuals".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–103, §203(5), substituted "$15,000,000" for "$9,000,000" and "2023 through 2027" for "2014 through 2018".

2013—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–4, §203(1)(A), inserted "(including using evidence-based indicators to assess the risk of domestic and dating violence homicide)" after "risk reduction".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 113–4, §203(1)(B), substituted "victim service providers" for "victim service organizations".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 113–4, §203(1)(C), substituted "victim service providers" for "victim services organizations" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(D). Pub. L. 113–4, §203(2), substituted "victim service provider, such as a State or tribal" for "nonprofit and nongovernmental victim services organization, such as a State".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–4, §203(3), substituted "$9,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018" for "$10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011".

2006—Pub. L. 109–162 substituted "Education, training, and enhanced services to end violence against and abuse of women with disabilities" for "Education and training to end violence against and abuse of women with disabilities" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text consisted of subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to award of grants to provide education and technical assistance for the purpose of providing training, consultation, and information on domestic violence, stalking, and sexual assault against women who are individuals with disabilities and authorized appropriations for fiscal years 2001 through 2005.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–103 not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–4 not effective until the beginning of the fiscal year following Mar. 7, 2013, see section 4 of Pub. L. 113–4, set out as a note under section 2261 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–162 not effective until the beginning of fiscal year 2007, see section 4 of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10261 of this title.

Definitions

For definitions of terms used in this section, see section 1002 of Pub. L. 106–386, set out as a note under section 10447 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 10223 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter VII / Section 10223: Finality of determinations
Finality of determinations
Status: in_force

In carrying out the functions vested by this chapter in the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, or the National Institute of Justice, their determinations, findings, and conclusions shall be final and conclusive upon all applications.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §803, formerly §804, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1203; renumbered §803 and amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609B(c), (f), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2093; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1155(2), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3113.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3784 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Another section 803 of Pub. L. 90–351, title III, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 223, amended section 605 of Title 47, Telecommunications.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 803 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 802 and is classified to section 10222 of this title.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–162 struck out ", after reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing," after "conclusions shall" and ", except as otherwise provided herein" before period at end.

1984—Pub. L. 98–473, §609B(c), substituted "Bureau of Justice Assistance" for "Law Enforcement Assistance Administration".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by section 609B(c) of Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 11213 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11213: Approval of applications
Approval of applications
Status: in_force

(a) In general

An application by a public or private entity for a grant under section 11211(a) of this title may be approved by the Secretary after taking into consideration, with respect to the State in which such entity proposes to provide services under this part—

(1) the geographical distribution in such State of the proposed services under this part for which all grant applicants request approval; and

(2) which areas of such State have the greatest need for such services.

(b) Priority

In selecting applications for grants under section 11211(a) of this title, the Secretary shall give priority to—

(1) eligible applicants who have demonstrated experience in providing services to runaway and homeless youth; and

(2) eligible applicants that request grants of less than $200,000.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §313, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 95–115, §7(a)(4), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 96–509, §18(e), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2762; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §653, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2123; renumbered §316 and amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§7271(c)(1), 7275(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4453, 4457; renumbered §313 and amended Pub. L. 102–586, §3(d), (g)(2)(D), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5022, 5025; Pub. L. 106–71, §3(d), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1037.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5713 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 313 of Pub. L. 93–415 was classified to section 5712a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–586.

Amendments

1999—Pub. L. 106–71 inserted section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "An application by a State, locality, or private entity for a grant under section 5711(a), (c), or (d) of this title may be approved by the Secretary only if it is consistent with the applicable provisions of section 5711(a), (c), or (d) of this title and meets the requirements set forth in section 5712 of this title. Priority shall be given to grants smaller than $200,000. In considering grant applications under section 5711(a) of this title, priority shall be given to organizations which have a demonstrated experience in the provision of service to runaway and homeless youth and their families."

1992—Pub. L. 102–586, §3(d), substituted "section 5711(a), (c), or (d) of this title" for "section 5711(a) of this title" in two places in first sentence and substituted "$200,000" for "$150,000" in second sentence.

1988—Pub. L. 100–690, §7271(c)(1), substituted "section 5711(a) of this title" for "this part" in three places.

1984—Pub. L. 98–473 substituted "private entity" for "nonprofit private agency".

1980—Pub. L. 96–509 substituted "$150,000" for "$100,000" and "organizations which have a demonstrated experience in the provision of service to runaway and homeless youth and their families" for "any applicant whose program budget is smaller than $150,000".

1977—Pub. L. 95–115 substituted "$100,000" and "$150,000" for "$75,000" and "$100,000", respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 670(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–115 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93–415, as added by Pub. L. 95–115 and repealed by Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7266(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449, formerly set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 11295 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter IV / Section 11295: Criteria for grants
Criteria for grants
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of priorities and criteria; publication in Federal Register

In carrying out the programs authorized by this subchapter, the Administrator shall establish—

(1) annual research, demonstration, and service program priorities for making grants and contracts pursuant to section 11294 of this title; and

(2) criteria based on merit for making such grants and contracts.

Not less than 60 days before establishing such priorities and criteria, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register for public comment a statement of such proposed priorities and criteria.

(b) Competitive selection process for grant or contract exceeding $50,000

No grant or contract exceeding $50,000 shall be made under this subchapter unless the grantee or contractor has been selected by a competitive process which includes public announcement of the availability of funds for such grant or contract, general criteria for the selection of recipients or contractors, and a description of the application process and application review process.

(c) Multiple grants or contracts to same grantee or contractor

Multiple grants or contracts to the same grantee or contractor within any 1 year to support activities having the same general purpose shall be deemed to be a single grant for the purpose of this subsection, but multiple grants or contracts to the same grantee or contractor to support clearly distinct activities shall be considered separate grants or contractors.1

(Pub. L. 93–415, title IV, §406, formerly §407, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §660, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2129; renumbered §406 and amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§7288, 7290, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4461.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5776 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 406 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 405 and is classified to section 11294 of this title.

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–690, §7290(b), which purported to make technical amendment to reference to section 5775 of this title to reflect renumbering of corresponding section of original act, could not be executed to text because of general amendment of section by Pub. L. 100–690, §7288, see below.

Pub. L. 100–690, §7288, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The Administrator, in consultation with the Advisory Board, shall establish annual research, demonstration, and service program priorities for making grants and contracts pursuant to section 5775 of this title and, not less than 60 days before establishing such priorities, shall publish in the Federal Register for public comment a statement of such proposed priorities."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "contracts."
34 U.S.C. § 11244 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11244: Demonstration projects to provide services to youth in rural areas
Demonstration projects to provide services to youth in rural areas
Status: in_force

(a)(1) The Secretary may make grants on a competitive basis to States, localities, and private entities (and combinations of such entities) to provide services (including transportation) authorized to be provided under part A, to runaway and homeless youth in rural areas.

(2)(A) Each grant made under paragraph (1) may not exceed $100,000.

(B) In each fiscal year for which funds are appropriated to carry out this section, grants shall be made under paragraph (1) to eligible applicants to carry out projects in not fewer than 10 States.

(C) Not more than 2 grants may be made under paragraph (1) in each fiscal year to carry out projects in a particular State.

(3) Each eligible applicant that receives a grant for a fiscal year to carry out a project under this section shall have priority to receive a grant for the subsequent fiscal year to carry out a project under this section.

(b) To be eligible to receive a grant under subsection (a), an applicant shall—

(1) submit to the Secretary an application in such form and containing such information and assurances as the Secretary may require by rule; and

(2) propose to carry out such project in a geographical area that—

(A) has a population under 20,000;

(B) is located outside a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area; and

(C) agree to provide to the Secretary an annual report identifying—

(i) the number of runaway and homeless youth who receive services under the project carried out by the applicant;

(ii) the types of services authorized under part A that were needed by, but not provided to, such youth in the geographical area served by the project;

(iii) the reasons the services identified under clause (ii) were not provided by the project; and

(iv) such other information as the Secretary may require.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §344, as added Pub. L. 102–586, §3(g)(1)(C), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5024; amended Pub. L. 106–71, §3(r)(2), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1043; Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §114, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1170.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5714–24 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Amendments

2003—Pub. L. 108–96 substituted "Demonstration" for "Temporary demonstration" in section catchline.

1999—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–71 substituted "The Secretary" for "With funds appropriated under section 5751(c) of this title, the Secretary".
34 U.S.C. § 10227 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter VII / Section 10227: Title to personal property
Title to personal property
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, title to all expendable and nonexpendable personal property purchased with funds made available under this chapter, including such property purchased with funds made available under this chapter as in effect before October 12, 1984, shall vest in the criminal justice agency or nonprofit organization that purchased the property if it certifies to the State office responsible for the trust fund required by section 10158 of this title, or the State office described in section 1408 1,,2 as the case may be, that it will use the property for criminal justice purposes. If such certification is not made, title to the property shall vest in the State office, which shall seek to have the property used for criminal justice purposes elsewhere in the State prior to using it or disposing of it in any other manner.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §808, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609B(g), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2095; amended Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1552(b)(4), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–46; Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §241(b)(4), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4813; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §330001(h)(10), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2139; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(c)(2)(E), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3102.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1408, referred to in text, is section 1408 of Pub. L. 90–351, which was classified to section 3796aa–7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40156(c)(8), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1924.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3789 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 808 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1204, amended section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, prior to repeal by section 609B(e) of Pub. L. 98–473.

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–162 substituted "the State office responsible for the trust fund required by section 3757 of this title, or the State office described in section 3796aa–7 of this title," for "the State office described in section 3757 or 3796aa–7 of this title".

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted "3757" for "3748, 3796o,".

1990—Pub. L. 101–647 substituted ", 3796o, or 3796aa–7 of this title" for "or 3796o of this title".

1986—Pub. L. 99–570 inserted reference to section 3796o of this title and ", as the case may be,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–162 applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1111(d) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10151 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 10101 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original.
34 U.S.C. § 12573 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12573: Establishment of program
Establishment of program
Status: in_force

(a) Use of allotment

(1) In general

A State that receives an allotment pursuant to section 12572 of this title shall use the allotment to pay the Federal share of the costs of—

(A) awarding scholarships to in-service law enforcement personnel to enable such personnel to seek further education; and

(B) providing—

(i) full-time employment in summer; or

(ii) part-time (not to exceed 20 hours per week) employment for a period not to exceed 1 year.

(2) Employment

The employment described in paragraph (1)(B)—

(A) shall be provided by State and local law enforcement agencies for students who are juniors or seniors in high school or are enrolled in an institution of higher education and who demonstrate an interest in undertaking a career in law enforcement;

(B) shall not be in a law enforcement position; and

(C) shall consist of performing meaningful tasks that inform students of the nature of the tasks performed by law enforcement agencies.

(b) Payments; Federal share; non-Federal share

(1) Payments

Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Director shall pay to each State that receives an allotment under section 12572 of this title the Federal share of the cost of the activities described in the application submitted pursuant to section 12576 1 of this title.

(2) Federal share

The Federal share shall not exceed 60 percent.

(3) Non-Federal share

The non-Federal share of the cost of scholarships and student employment provided under this part shall be supplied from sources other than the Federal Government.

(c) Responsibilities of Director

The Director shall be responsible for the administration of the programs conducted pursuant to this part and shall, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education, issue rules to implement this part.

(d) Administrative expenses

A State that receives an allotment under section 12572 of this title may reserve not more than 8 percent of the allotment for administrative expenses.

(e) Special rule

A State that receives an allotment under section 12572 of this title shall ensure that each scholarship recipient under this part be compensated at the same rate of pay and benefits and enjoy the same rights under applicable agreements with labor organizations and under State and local law as other law enforcement personnel of the same rank and tenure in the office of which the scholarship recipient is a member.

(f) Supplementation of funding

Funds received under this part shall only be used to supplement, and not to supplant, Federal, State, or local efforts for recruitment and education of law enforcement personnel.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200204, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2058.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 12576 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), was in the original "section 200203", and was translated as reading "section 200207", meaning section 200207 of Pub. L. 103–322, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because section 200203 of Pub. L. 103–322, which is classified to section 12572 of this title, does not provide for submission of applications, and section 12576 does so provide.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14113 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 11182 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter II / Section 11182: Administrative authority
Administrative authority
Status: in_force

(a) Authority of Administrator

The Office shall be administered by the Administrator under the general authority of the Attorney General.

(b) Certain crime control provisions applicable

Sections 10228(c), 10230(a), 10230(b), 10230(c), 10231(a), 10231(b), and 10231(d) of this title, shall apply with respect to the administration of and compliance with this chapter, except that for purposes of this chapter—

(1) any reference to the Office of Justice Programs in such sections shall be deemed to be a reference to the Assistant Attorney General who heads the Office of Justice Programs; and

(2) the term "this chapter" as it appears in such sections shall be deemed to be a reference to this chapter.

(c) Certain other crime control provisions applicable

Sections 10221(a), 10221(c), and 10225 of this title shall apply with respect to the administration of and compliance with this chapter, except that for purposes of this chapter—

(1) any reference to the Attorney General, the Assistant Attorney General who heads the Office of Justice Programs, the Director of the National Institute of Justice, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, or the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance shall be deemed to be a reference to the Administrator;

(2) any reference to the Office of Justice Programs, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the National Institute of Justice, or the Bureau of Justice Statistics shall be deemed to be a reference to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and

(3) the term "this chapter" as it appears in such sections shall be deemed to be a reference to this chapter.

(d) Rules, regulations, and procedures

(1) The Administrator is authorized to establish such rules, regulations, guidance, and procedures as are necessary for the exercise of the functions of the Office and only to the extent necessary to ensure that there is compliance with the specific requirements of this subchapter or to respond to requests for clarification and guidance relating to such compliance. In developing guidance and procedures, the Administrator shall consult with representatives of States and units of local government, including those individuals responsible for administration of this chapter and compliance with the core requirements.

(2) The Administrator shall ensure that—

(A) reporting, compliance reporting, State plan requirements, and other similar documentation as may be required from States is requested in a manner that respects confidentiality, encourages efficiency and reduces the duplication of reporting efforts; and

(B) States meeting all the core requirements are encouraged to experiment with offering innovative, data-driven programs designed to further improve the juvenile justice system.

(e) Presumption of State compliance

If a State requires by law compliance with the core requirements, then for the period such law is in effect in such State such State shall be rebuttably presumed to satisfy such requirements.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title II, §299A, formerly §262, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1129; Pub. L. 95–115, §6(c), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 96–509, §16, Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2761; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §641, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2122; renumbered §292, Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7266(3), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449; renumbered §299A, Pub. L. 102–586, §2(i)(1)(B), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5006; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title II, §12214, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1892; Pub. L. 115–385, title II, §209, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5144.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b), (c), and (d)(1), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109, known as the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5672 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–385, §209(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out ", after appropriate consultation with representatives of States and units of local government," after "Administrator is authorized", inserted "guidance," after "regulations," and "In developing guidance and procedures, the Administrator shall consult with representatives of States and units of local government, including those individuals responsible for administration of this chapter and compliance with the core requirements." at end, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–385, §209(2), substituted "core requirements" for "requirements described in paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) of section 11133(a) of this title".

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–273, §12214(1), substituted "only to the extent necessary to ensure that there is compliance with the specific requirements of this subchapter or to respond to requests for clarification and guidance relating to such compliance" for "as are consistent with the purpose of this chapter".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–273, §12214(2), added subsec. (e).

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473, in amending subsec. (a) generally, substituted provisions setting forth the administrative authority of the Office for former provisions which incorporated other administrative provisions into this chapter as well as construing certain references as authorizing the Administrator of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to perform the same actions as other officials.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473, in amending subsec. (b) generally, substituted provisions relating to the applicability of other provisions to this chapter as well as defining certain references therein for former provisions which directed the Office of Justice Assistance, Research and Statistics to provide staff support and coordinate the activities of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 98–473, in amending section generally, added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1980—Pub. L. 96–509 brought relevant applicable administrative provisions of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 into conformance subsequent to the Justice System Improvement Amendments of 1979 and provided that the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics provide staff support to, and coordinate the activities of the Office in the same manner as it does for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, National Institute of Justice, and Bureau of Justice Statistics pursuant to former section 3781(b) of title 42.

1977—Pub. L. 95–115 substituted provisions setting forth applicability of specified statutory requirements, for provisions setting forth prohibitions against discrimination and required terms in grants, contracts, and agreements and enforcement procedures thereof.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–385 not applicable with respect to funds appropriated for any fiscal year that begins before Dec. 21, 2018, see section 3 of Pub. L. 115–385, set out as a note under section 11102 of this title.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–273 effective on the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, and applicable only with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 12223 of Pub. L. 107–273, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 670(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–115 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93–415, as added by section 6(d)(2) of Pub. L. 95–115 and repealed by Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7266(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449, formerly set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 20981 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter III / Section 20981: Pilot program for monitoring sexual offenders
Pilot program for monitoring sexual offenders
Status: in_force

(a) Sex offender monitoring program

(1) Grants authorized

(A) In general

The Attorney General is authorized to award grants (referred to as "Jessica Lunsford and Sarah Lunde Grants") to States, local governments, and Indian tribal governments to assist in—

(i) carrying out programs to outfit sex offenders with electronic monitoring units; and

(ii) the employment of law enforcement officials necessary to carry out such programs.

(B) Duration

The Attorney General shall award grants under this section for a period not to exceed 3 years.

(C) Minimum standards

The electronic monitoring units used in the pilot program shall at a minimum—

(i) provide a tracking device for each offender that contains a central processing unit with global positioning system; and

(ii) permit continuous monitoring of offenders 24 hours a day.

(2) Application

(A) In general

Each State, local government, or Indian tribal government desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Attorney General may reasonably require.

(B) Contents

Each application submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) describe the activities for which assistance under this section is sought; and

(ii) provide such additional assurances as the Attorney General determines to be essential to ensure compliance with the requirements of this section.

(b) Innovation

In making grants under this section, the Attorney General shall ensure that different approaches to monitoring are funded to allow an assessment of effectiveness.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2009 to carry out this section.

(2) Report

Not later than September 1, 2010, the Attorney General shall report to Congress—

(A) assessing the effectiveness and value of this section;

(B) comparing the cost effectiveness of the electronic monitoring to reduce sex offenses compared to other alternatives; and

(C) making recommendations for continuing funding and the appropriate levels for such funding.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §621, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 633; Pub. L. 110–400, §4(a), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4227.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16981 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 110–400, §4(a), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) set minimum standards for electronic monitoring units used in the pilot program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–400, §4(b), Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4228, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to grants provided on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 2008]."
34 U.S.C. § 20141 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 201 / Subchapter III / Section 20141: Services to victims
Services to victims
Status: in_force

(a) Designation of responsible officials

The head of each department and agency of the United States engaged in the detection, investigation, or prosecution of crime shall designate by names and office titles the persons who will be responsible for identifying the victims of crime and performing the services described in subsection (c) at each stage of a criminal case.

(b) Identification of victims

At the earliest opportunity after the detection of a crime at which it may be done without interfering with an investigation, a responsible official shall—

(1) identify the victim or victims of a crime;

(2) inform the victims of their right to receive, on request, the services described in subsection (c); and

(3) inform each victim of the name, title, and business address and telephone number of the responsible official to whom the victim should address a request for each of the services described in subsection (c).

(c) Description of services

(1) A responsible official shall—

(A) inform a victim of the place where the victim may receive emergency medical and social services;

(B) inform a victim of any restitution or other relief to which the victim may be entitled under this or any other law and 1 manner in which such relief may be obtained;

(C) inform a victim of public and private programs that are available to provide counseling, treatment, and other support to the victim; and

(D) assist a victim in contacting the persons who are responsible for providing the services and relief described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C).

(2) A responsible official shall arrange for a victim to receive reasonable protection from a suspected offender and persons acting in concert with or at the behest of the suspected offender.

(3) During the investigation and prosecution of a crime, a responsible official shall provide a victim the earliest possible notice of—

(A) the status of the investigation of the crime, to the extent it is appropriate to inform the victim and to the extent that it will not interfere with the investigation;

(B) the arrest of a suspected offender;

(C) the filing of charges against a suspected offender;

(D) the scheduling of each court proceeding that the witness is either required to attend or, under section 10606(b)(4) 2 of title 42, is entitled to attend;

(E) the release or detention status of an offender or suspected offender;

(F) the acceptance of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or the rendering of a verdict after trial; and

(G) the sentence imposed on an offender, including the date on which the offender will be eligible for parole.

(4) During court proceedings, a responsible official shall ensure that a victim is provided a waiting area removed from and out of the sight and hearing of the defendant and defense witnesses.

(5) After trial, a responsible official shall provide a victim the earliest possible notice of—

(A) the scheduling of a parole hearing for the offender;

(B) the escape, work release, furlough, or any other form of release from custody of the offender; and

(C) the death of the offender, if the offender dies while in custody.

(6) At all times, a responsible official shall ensure that any property of a victim that is being held for evidentiary purposes be maintained in good condition and returned to the victim as soon as it is no longer needed for evidentiary purposes.

(7) The Attorney General or the head of another department or agency that conducts an investigation of a sexual assault shall pay, either directly or by reimbursement of payment by the victim, the cost of a physical examination of the victim which an investigating officer determines was necessary or useful for evidentiary purposes. The Attorney General shall provide for the payment of the cost of up to 2 anonymous and confidential tests of the victim for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia, and syphilis, during the 12 months following sexual assaults that pose a risk of transmission, and the cost of a counseling session by a medically trained professional on the accuracy of such tests and the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases to the victim as the result of the assault. A victim may waive anonymity and confidentiality of any tests paid for under this section.

(8) A responsible official shall provide the victim with general information regarding the corrections process, including information about work release, furlough, probation, and eligibility for each.

(d) No cause of action or defense

This section does not create a cause of action or defense in favor of any person arising out of the failure of a responsible person to provide information as required by subsection (b) or (c).

(e) Definitions

For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term "responsible official" means a person designated pursuant to subsection (a) to perform the functions of a responsible official under that section; and

(2) the term "victim" means a person that has suffered direct physical, emotional, or pecuniary harm as a result of the commission of a crime, including—

(A) in the case of a victim that is an institutional entity, an authorized representative of the entity; and

(B) in the case of a victim who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, one of the following (in order of preference):

(i) a spouse;

(ii) a legal guardian;

(iii) a parent;

(iv) a child;

(v) a sibling;

(vi) another family member; or

(vii) another person designated by the court.

(Pub. L. 101–647, title V, §503, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4820; Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40503(a), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1946.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 10606(b)(4) of title 42, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(D), was in the original "section 1102(b)(4)", meaning section 1102(b)(4) of Pub. L. 101–647, which has been translated as reading section 502(b)(4) of Pub. L. 101–647 to reflect the probable intent of Congress because Pub. L. 101–647 does not contain a section 1102 and section 502(b)(4) relates to the right of crime victims to be present at public court proceedings. Section 10606 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–405, title I, §102(c), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2264.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 10607 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 103–322 inserted at end "The Attorney General shall provide for the payment of the cost of up to 2 anonymous and confidential tests of the victim for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia, and syphilis, during the 12 months following sexual assaults that pose a risk of transmission, and the cost of a counseling session by a medically trained professional on the accuracy of such tests and the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases to the victim as the result of the assault. A victim may waive anonymity and confidentiality of any tests paid for under this section."

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by "the".

2 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 10691 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXVII / Section 10691: Sex offender apprehension grants
Sex offender apprehension grants
Status: in_force

(a) Authority to make sex offender apprehension grants

(1) In general

From amounts made available to carry out this subchapter, the Attorney General may make grants to States, units of local government, Indian tribal governments, other public and private entities, and multi-jurisdictional or regional consortia thereof for activities specified in paragraph (2).

(2) Covered activities

An activity referred to in paragraph (1) is any program, project, or other activity to assist a State in enforcing sex offender registration requirements.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2007 through 2009 to carry out this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §3011, as added Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §623, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 635.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797ee of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10287 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XI / Section 10287: Funds available for appeals and expenses of representation of hearing examiners
Funds available for appeals and expenses of representation of hearing examiners
Status: in_force

On and after December 26, 2007, funds available to conduct appeals under section 1205(c) of the 1968 Act [34 U.S.C. 10285(c)], which includes all claims processing, shall be available also for the same under subpart 2 of such part L [34 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.] and under any statute authorizing payment of benefits described under subpart 1 [34 U.S.C. 10281 et seq.] thereof, and for appeals from final determinations of the Bureau (under such part or any such statute) to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which shall have exclusive jurisdiction thereof, and for expenses of representation of hearing examiners (who shall be presumed irrebuttably to enjoy quasi-judicial immunity in the discharge of their duties under such part or any such statute) in connection with litigation against them arising from such discharge: Provided further, That, on and after January 2, 2013, as to each such statute—

(1) the provisions of section 1001(a)(4) of such title I (42 U.S.C. 3793(a)(4)) 1 shall apply;

(2) payment (consistent with section 10286 of this title) shall be made only upon a determination by the Bureau that the facts legally warrant the payment; and

(3) any reference to section 1202 of such title I [34 U.S.C. 10282] shall be deemed to be a reference to paragraphs (2) and (3) of such section 1202:

Provided further, That, on and after January 2, 2013, no appeal shall bring any final determination of the Bureau before any court for review unless notice of appeal is filed (within the time specified herein and in the manner prescribed for appeal to United States courts of appeals from United States district courts) not later than 90 days after the date on which the Bureau serves notice of the final determination: Provided further, That any regulations promulgated by the Bureau under such part (or any such statute) before, on, or after January 2, 2013, shall apply to any matter pending on, or filed or accruing after, the effective date specified in the regulations.

(Pub. L. 110–161, div. B, title II, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1912; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1086(c), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1968.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The 1968 Act, referred to in text, is the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197. Section 1205(c) of the Act is classified to section 10285(c) of this title. Subparts 1 and 2 of such part L means subparts 1 and 2 of part L of title I of the Act which are classified generally to this part and part B (§10301 et seq.) of this subchapter. Sections 1001(a)(4) and 1202 of such title I mean sections 1001(a)(4) and 1202 of title I of the Act, which are classified to sections 10261(a)(4) and 10282, respectively, of this title. Paragraphs (2) and (3) of such section 1202 mean pars. (2) and (3) of section 10282 of this title, which were redesignated subsec. (a)(2) and (3), respectively, of that section by Pub. L. 115–36, §5(1), June 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 852. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1968 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 2008, and also as part of the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2008, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, and not as part of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 3796c–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2013—Pub. L. 112–239 substituted "final determinations" for "final decisions", struck out "(including those, and any related matters, pending)" after "exclusive jurisdiction thereof", and inserted three provisos at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–239 effective Jan. 2, 2013, and applicable to matters pending on Jan. 2, 2013, or filed or accruing after that date, with certain exceptions, see section 1086(d) of Pub. L. 112–239, set out as a note under section 10251 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 10321 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XII / Section 10321: Regional information sharing systems grants
Regional information sharing systems grants
Status: in_force

(a) Authority of Director

The Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance is authorized to make grants and enter into contracts with State, tribal, and local criminal justice agencies and nonprofit organizations for the purposes of identifying, targeting, and removing criminal conspiracies and activities and terrorist conspiracies and activities spanning jurisdictional boundaries.

(b) Purposes

Grants and contracts awarded under this subchapter shall be made for—

(1) maintaining and operating regional information sharing systems that are responsive to the needs of participating enforcement agencies in addressing multijurisdictional offenses and conspiracies, and that are capable of providing controlling input, dissemination, rapid retrieval, and systematized updating of information to authorized agencies;

(2) establishing and operating an analytical component to assist participating agencies and projects in the compilation, interpretation, and presentation of information provided to a project;

(3) establishing and maintaining a secure telecommunications system for regional information sharing between Federal, State, tribal, and local law enforcement agencies;

(4) establishing and operating secure information sharing systems to enhance the investigation and prosecution abilities of participating enforcement agencies in addressing multi-jurisdictional terrorist conspiracies and activities; and

(5) other programs designated by the Director that are designed to further the purposes of this subchapter.

(c) Rules and regulations

The Director is authorized to promulgate such rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, including rules and regulations for submitting and reviewing applications.

(d) Authorization of appropriation to the Bureau of Justice Assistance

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Bureau of Justice Assistance to carry out this section $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 and $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2003.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1301, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6101(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4340; amended Pub. L. 107–56, title VII, §701, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 374; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1114, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3103; Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §252(a), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2299.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796h of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Another section 1301 of Pub. L. 90–351, title VIII, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 237, amended section 3731 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1301 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1552(a)(3), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–41, authorized Director to provide grants for drug law enforcement programs to eligible States and units of local government, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6101(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4340.

Another prior section 1301 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 2601 and is classified to section 10541 of this title.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–211 inserted ", tribal," after "State".

2006—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–162, §1114(1), inserted "regional" before "information sharing systems".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–162, §1114(2), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "establishing and maintaining a telecommunication of the information sharing and analytical programs in clauses (1) and (2);".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–162, §1114(3), struck out "(5)" at end.

2001—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–56, §701(1), inserted "and terrorist conspiracies and activities" after "criminal conspiracies and activities".

Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 107–56, §701(2), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–56, §701(3), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Construction of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §252(b), July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2299, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section] or any amendment made by this section—

"(1) allows the grant to be made to, or used by, an entity for law enforcement activities that the entity lacks jurisdiction to perform; or

"(2) has any effect other than to authorize, award, or deny a grant of funds to a federally recognized Indian tribe for the purposes described in the relevant grant program."

[For definition of "Indian tribe" as used in section 252(b) of Pub. L. 111–211, set out above, see section 203(a) of Pub. L. 111–211, set out as a note under section 2801 of Title 25, Indians.]

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 60907 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 609 / Section 60907: Procedures to promote compliance
Procedures to promote compliance
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations

Not later than one year after August 3, 2022, the head of each agency shall promulgate regulations to enforce the right of a designated person to request a review under this chapter and to ensure compliance by the agency with the obligations described in this chapter.

(b) Procedures

The regulations promulgated under subsection (a) shall—

(1) designate an administrative authority within the agency to receive and investigate complaints relating to a review initiated under section 60901 of this title or a reinvestigation initiated under section 60903 of this title;

(2) require a course of training for appropriate employees and officers within the agency regarding the procedures, responsibilities, and obligations required under this chapter;

(3) contain disciplinary sanctions, which may include suspension or termination from employment, for employees of the agency who are shown to have willfully or wantonly failed to comply with this chapter;

(4) provide a procedure for the resolution of complaints filed by the designated person concerning the agency's handling of a cold case murder investigation or the case file evaluation; and

(5) provide that the head of the agency, or the designee thereof, shall be the final arbiter of the complaint, and that there shall be no judicial review of the final decision of the head of the agency by a complainant.

(Pub. L. 117–164, §8, Aug. 3, 2022, 136 Stat. 1360.)
34 U.S.C. § 40744 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 407 / Subchapter III / Section 40744: Offset of funds appropriated
Offset of funds appropriated
Status: in_force

Any funds appropriated to carry out this subchapter, not to exceed $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2013 through 2015, shall be derived from amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (j) of section 40701 of this title in each such fiscal year for grants under such section.

(Pub. L. 112–253, §5, Jan. 10, 2013, 126 Stat. 2409.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 112–253, Jan. 10, 2013, 126 Stat. 2407, known as the Katie Sepich Enhanced DNA Collection Act of 2012, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2013 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14137c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10154 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter V / Section 10154: Review of applications
Review of applications
Status: in_force

The Attorney General shall not finally disapprove any application (or any amendment to that application) submitted under this part without first affording the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §503, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(2)(C), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3097.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3753 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 503 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4331; amended Pub. L. 101–649, title V, §507(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5050; Pub. L. 102–232, title III, §306(a)(6), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210302(b), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2065; Pub. L. 106–546, §8(a), Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2734; Pub. L. 106–561, §2(b), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2787; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title V, §5001(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1813, related to State applications, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(a)(1), (d), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3094, 3102, applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter. See section 10153 of this title.

Another prior section 503 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, formerly §603, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1196; renumbered §503 and amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §608(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2086, related to procedure for establishing discretionary programs, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328.

Another prior section 503 of title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1192, prescribed procedure for designating national priority programs, including periodic and joint designations by Director of Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics and Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance Administration and requests to outside agencies for suggestions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §607, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2086.

Another prior section 503 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 211, required specific Congressional authorization to transfer functions, powers, and duties of Law Enforcement Assistance Administration within the Department of Justice, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1111(d) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as an Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note under section 10151 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 20914 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter I / Section 20914: Information required in registration
Information required in registration
Status: in_force

(a) Provided by the offender

The sex offender shall provide the following information to the appropriate official for inclusion in the sex offender registry:

(1) The name of the sex offender (including any alias used by the individual).

(2) The Social Security number of the sex offender.

(3) The address of each residence at which the sex offender resides or will reside.

(4) The name and address of any place where the sex offender is an employee or will be an employee.

(5) The name and address of any place where the sex offender is a student or will be a student.

(6) The license plate number and a description of any vehicle owned or operated by the sex offender.

(7) Information relating to intended travel of the sex offender outside the United States, including any anticipated dates and places of departure, arrival, or return, carrier and flight numbers for air travel, destination country and address or other contact information therein, means and purpose of travel, and any other itinerary or other travel-related information required by the Attorney General.

(8) Any other information required by the Attorney General.

(b) Provided by the jurisdiction

The jurisdiction in which the sex offender registers shall ensure that the following information is included in the registry for that sex offender:

(1) A physical description of the sex offender.

(2) The text of the provision of law defining the criminal offense for which the sex offender is registered.

(3) The criminal history of the sex offender, including the date of all arrests and convictions; the status of parole, probation, or supervised release; registration status; and the existence of any outstanding arrest warrants for the sex offender.

(4) A current photograph of the sex offender.

(5) A set of fingerprints and palm prints of the sex offender.

(6) A DNA sample of the sex offender.

(7) A photocopy of a valid driver's license or identification card issued to the sex offender by a jurisdiction.

(8) Any other information required by the Attorney General.

(c) Time and manner

A sex offender shall provide and update information required under subsection (a), including information relating to intended travel outside the United States required under paragraph (7) of that subsection, in conformity with any time and manner requirements prescribed by the Attorney General.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §114, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 114–119, §6(a), Feb. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 22.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16914 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(7), (8). Pub. L. 114–119, §6(a)(1), added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–119, §6(a)(2), added subsec. (c).
34 U.S.C. § 12281 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter II / Section 12281: Gang Resistance Education and Training projects
Gang Resistance Education and Training projects
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of projects

(1) In general

The Attorney General shall establish not less than 50 Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) projects, to be located in communities across the country, in addition to the number of projects currently funded.

(2) Selection of communities

Communities identified for such GREAT projects shall be selected by the Attorney General on the basis of gang-related activity in that particular community.

(3) Amount of assistance per project; allocation

The Attorney General shall make available not less than $800,000 per project, subject to the availability of appropriations, and such funds shall be allocated—

(A) 50 percent to the affected State and local law enforcement and prevention organizations participating in such projects; and

(B) 50 percent to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice for salaries, expenses, and associated administrative costs for operating and overseeing such projects.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—

(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;

(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;

(3) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;

(4) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; and

(5) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §32401, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 107–296, title XI, §1112(p), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2278; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1188, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3128.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13921 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–162, which directed the amendment of section 32401(b) of the Violent Crime Control Act of 1994 by adding pars. (1) to (5) and striking out former pars. (1) to (6), was executed by making the amendments to this section, which is section 32401(b) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Former pars. (1) to (6) authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1995 through 2000.

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296, §1112(p)(1), substituted "Attorney General" for "Secretary of the Treasury" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 107–296, §1112(p)(2), substituted "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice" for "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
34 U.S.C. § 21114 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 211 / Subchapter I / Section 21114: Duties and functions of task forces
Duties and functions of task forces
Status: in_force

Each State or local ICAC task force that is part of the national program of task forces shall—

(1) consist of State and local investigators, prosecutors, forensic specialists, and education specialists who are dedicated to addressing the goals of such task force;

(2) work consistently toward achieving the purposes described in section 21113 of this title;

(3) engage in proactive investigations, forensic examinations, and effective prosecutions of Internet crimes against children;

(4) provide forensic, preventive, and investigative assistance to parents, educators, prosecutors, law enforcement, and others concerned with Internet crimes against children;

(5) develop multijurisdictional, multiagency responses and partnerships to Internet crimes against children offenses through ongoing informational, administrative, and technological support to other State and local law enforcement agencies, as a means for such agencies to acquire the necessary knowledge, personnel, and specialized equipment to investigate and prosecute such offenses;

(6) participate in nationally coordinated investigations in any case in which the Attorney General determines such participation to be necessary, as permitted by the available resources of such task force;

(7) establish or adopt investigative and prosecution standards, consistent with established norms, to which such task force shall comply;

(8) investigate, and seek prosecution on, tips related to Internet crimes against children, including tips from Operation Fairplay, the National Internet Crimes Against Children Data System established in section 21115 of this title, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children's CyberTipline, ICAC task forces, and other Federal, State, and local agencies, with priority being given to investigative leads that indicate the possibility of identifying or rescuing child victims, including investigative leads that indicate a likelihood of seriousness of offense or dangerousness to the community;

(9) develop procedures for handling seized evidence;

(10) maintain—

(A) such reports and records as are required under this subchapter; and

(B) such other reports and records as determined by the Attorney General; and

(11) seek to comply with national standards regarding the investigation and prosecution of Internet crimes against children, as set forth by the Attorney General, to the extent such standards are consistent with the law of the State where the task force is located.

(Pub. L. 110–401, title I, §104, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4235.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 17614 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20351 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 203 / Subchapter V / Section 20351: Requirement for background checks
Requirement for background checks
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Each agency of the Federal Government, and every facility operated by the Federal Government (or operated under contract with the Federal Government), that hires (or contracts for hire) individuals involved with the provision to children under the age of 18 of child care services shall assure that all existing and newly-hired employees undergo a criminal history background check. All existing staff shall receive such checks not later than May 29, 1991. Except as provided in subsection (b)(3), no additional staff shall be hired without a check having been completed.

(2) For the purposes of this section, the term "child care services" means child protective services (including the investigation of child abuse and neglect reports), social services, health and mental health care, child (day) care, education (whether or not directly involved in teaching), foster care, residential care, recreational or rehabilitative programs, and detention, correctional, or treatment services.

(b) Criminal history check

(1) A background check required by subsection (a) shall be—

(A) based on a set of the employee's fingerprints obtained by a law enforcement officer and on other identifying information;

(B) conducted through the Identification Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and through the State criminal history repositories of all States that an employee or prospective employee lists as current and former residences in an employment application; and

(C) initiated through the personnel programs of the applicable Federal agencies.

(2) The results of the background check shall be communicated to the employing agency.

(3) An agency or facility described in subsection (a)(1) may hire a staff person provisionally prior to the completion of a background check if, at all times prior to receipt of the background check during which children are in the care of the person, the person is within the sight and under the supervision of a staff person with respect to whom a background check has been completed.

(c) Applicable criminal histories

Any conviction for a sex crime, an offense involving a child victim, or a drug felony, may be ground for denying employment or for dismissal of an employee in any of the positions listed in subsection (a)(2). In the case of an incident in which an individual has been charged with one of those offenses, when the charge has not yet been disposed of, an employer may suspend an employee from having any contact with children while on the job until the case is resolved. Conviction of a crime other than a sex crime may be considered if it bears on an individual's fitness to have responsibility for the safety and well-being of children.

(d) Employment applications

(1) Employment applications for individuals who are seeking work for an agency of the Federal Government, or for a facility or program operated by (or through contract with) the Federal Government, in any of the positions listed in subsection (a)(1), shall contain a question asking whether the individual has ever been arrested for or charged with a crime involving a child, and if so requiring a description of the disposition of the arrest or charge. An application shall state that it is being signed under penalty of perjury, with the applicable Federal punishment for perjury stated on the application.

(2) A Federal agency seeking a criminal history record check shall first obtain the signature of the employee or prospective employee indicating that the employee or prospective employee has been notified of the employer's obligation to require a record check as a condition of employment and the employee's right to obtain a copy of the criminal history report made available to the employing Federal agency and the right to challenge the accuracy and completeness of any information contained in the report.

(e) Encouragement of voluntary criminal history checks for others who may have contact with children

Federal agencies and facilities are encouraged to submit identifying information for criminal history checks on volunteers working in any of the positions listed in subsection (a) and on adult household members in places where child care or foster care services are being provided in a home.

(Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §231, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4808; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1094(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1488.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13041 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–190, §1094(a)(1), substituted "May 29, 1991. Except as provided in subsection (b)(3), no additional staff" for "6 months after November 29, 1990, and no additional staff".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–190, §1094(a)(2), added par. (3).
34 U.S.C. § 21112 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 211 / Subchapter I / Section 21112: Establishment of National ICAC Task Force Program
Establishment of National ICAC Task Force Program
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

There is established within the Department of Justice, under the general authority of the Attorney General, a National Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force Program (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the "ICAC Task Force Program"), which shall consist of a national program of State and local law enforcement task forces dedicated to developing effective responses to online enticement of children by sexual predators, child exploitation, and child obscenity and pornography cases.

(2) Intent of Congress

It is the purpose and intent of Congress that the ICAC Task Force Program established under paragraph (1) is intended to continue the ICAC Task Force Program authorized under title I of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998, and funded under title IV of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 [34 U.S.C. 11291 et seq.].

(b) National program

(1) State representation

The ICAC Task Force Program established under subsection (a) shall include at least 1 ICAC task force in each State.

(2) Capacity and continuity of investigations

In order to maintain established capacity and continuity of investigations and prosecutions of child exploitation cases, the Attorney General, shall, in establishing the ICAC Task Force Program under subsection (a) consult with and consider all 59 task forces in existence on October 13, 2008. The Attorney General shall include all existing ICAC task forces in the ICAC Task Force Program, unless the Attorney General makes a determination that an existing ICAC 1 does not have a proven track record of success.

(3) Ongoing review

The Attorney General shall—

(A) conduct periodic reviews of the effectiveness of each ICAC task force established under this section; and

(B) have the discretion to establish a new task force if the Attorney General determines that such decision will enhance the effectiveness of combating child exploitation provided that the Attorney General notifies Congress in advance of any such decision and that each state 2 maintains at least 1 ICAC task force at all times.

(4) Training

(A) In general

The Attorney General may establish national training programs to support the mission of the ICAC task forces, including the effective use of the National Internet Crimes Against Children Data System.

(B) Limitation

In establishing training courses under this paragraph, the Attorney General may not award any one entity other than a law enforcement agency more than $4,000,000 annually to establish and conduct training courses for ICAC task force members and other law enforcement officials.

(C) Review

The Attorney General shall—

(i) conduct periodic reviews of the effectiveness of each training session authorized by this paragraph; and

(ii) consider outside reports related to the effective use of Federal funding in making future grant awards for training.

(Pub. L. 110–401, title I, §102, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4233; Pub. L. 112–206, §5, Dec. 7, 2012, 126 Stat. 1493.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Title I of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is title I of Pub. L. 105–119, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2440. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109. Title IV of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IV (§11291 et seq.) of chapter 111 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 17612 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 112–206 substituted "$4,000,000" for "$2,000,000".

1 So in original. Probably should be "ICAC task force".

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
34 U.S.C. § 12331 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12331: Research agenda
Research agenda
Status: in_force

(a) Request for contract

The Attorney General shall request the National Academy of Sciences, through its National Research Council, to enter into a contract to develop a research agenda to increase the understanding and control of violence against women, including rape and domestic violence. In furtherance of the contract, the National Academy shall convene a panel of nationally recognized experts on violence against women, in the fields of law, medicine, criminal justice, and direct services to victims and experts on domestic violence in diverse, ethnic, social, and language minority communities and the social sciences. In setting the agenda, the Academy shall focus primarily on preventive, educative, social, and legal strategies, including addressing the needs of underserved populations.

(b) Declination of request

If the National Academy of Sciences declines to conduct the study and develop a research agenda, it shall recommend a nonprofit private entity that is qualified to conduct such a study. In that case, the Attorney General shall carry out subsection (a) through the nonprofit private entity recommended by the Academy. In either case, whether the study is conducted by the National Academy of Sciences or by the nonprofit group it recommends, the funds for the contract shall be made available from sums appropriated for the conduct of research by the National Institute of Justice.

(c) Report

The Attorney General shall ensure that no later than 1 year after September 13, 1994, the study required under subsection (a) is completed and a report describing the findings made is submitted to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40291, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1939.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13961 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10497 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXII / Section 10497: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

A State or local law enforcement agency or organization that receives a grant under this subchapter shall submit to the Attorney General an annual report that includes—

(1) program descriptions;

(2) the number of staff employed to administer programs;

(3) the number of individuals who participated in programs; and

(4) an evaluation of the effectiveness of grant programs.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2307, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210201(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2064.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796jj–6 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 40501 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 405 / Section 40501: Program authorized
Program authorized
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Grants authorized

The Attorney General may award grants to eligible entities described in paragraph (2) to enable the eligible entities to improve the transportation, processing, identification, and reporting of missing persons and unidentified remains, including migrants.

(2) Eligible entities

Eligible entities described in this paragraph are the following:

(A) States and units of local government.

(B) Accredited, publicly funded, Combined DNA Index System (commonly known as "CODIS") forensic laboratories, which demonstrate the grant funds will be used for DNA typing and uploading biological family DNA reference samples, including samples from foreign nationals, into CODIS, subject to the protocols for inclusion of such forensic DNA profiles into CODIS, and the privacy protections required under section 40502(c) of this title.

(C) Medical examiners offices.

(D) Accredited, publicly funded toxicology laboratories.

(E) Accredited, publicly funded crime laboratories.

(F) Publicly funded university forensic anthropology laboratories.

(G) Nonprofit organizations that have working collaborative agreements with State and county forensic offices, including medical examiners, coroners, and justices of the peace, for entry of data into CODIS or the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (commonly known as "NamUs"), or both.

(Pub. L. 106–177, title II, §202, as added Pub. L. 116–277, §2(a)(1), Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3368.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 40501, Pub. L. 106–177, title II, §202, Mar. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 36, authorized Attorney General to provide grant awards to States to enable States to improve the reporting of unidentified and missing persons, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 116–277, §2(a)(1), Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3368. Such section was formerly classified to section 14661 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as section 40501.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

For short title of title II of Pub. L. 106–177, which is classified to this chapter, as "Jennifer's Law", see section 201 of Pub. L. 106–177, set out as a Short Title of 2000 Act note under section 10101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10387 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XVI / Section 10387: Access to documents
Access to documents
Status: in_force

(a) By Attorney General

The Attorney General shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any pertinent books, documents, papers, or records of a grant recipient under this subchapter and to the pertinent books, documents, papers, or records of State and local governments, persons, businesses, and other entities that are involved in programs, projects, or activities for which assistance is provided under this subchapter.

(b) By Comptroller General

Subsection (a) shall apply with respect to audits and examinations conducted by the Comptroller General of the United States or by an authorized representative of the Comptroller General.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1707, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title I, §10003(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1813.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796dd–6 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 21305 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 213 / Section 21305: Grant increase
Grant increase
Status: in_force

The amount of the increase provided to a State under the covered formula grants under this chapter shall be equal to not more than 10 percent of the average of the total amount of funding provided to the State under the covered formula grants under the 3 most recent awards to the State.

(Pub. L. 114–22, title IV, §406, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 257.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14043h–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10191 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter V / Section 10191: Crime prevention campaign grant
Crime prevention campaign grant
Status: in_force

(a) Grant authorization

The Attorney General may provide a grant to a national private, nonprofit organization that has expertise in promoting crime prevention through public outreach and media campaigns in coordination with law enforcement agencies and other local government officials, and representatives of community public interest organizations, including schools and youth-serving organizations, faith-based, and victims' organizations and employers.

(b) Application

To request a grant under this section, an organization described in subsection (a) shall submit an application to the Attorney General in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General may require.

(c) Use of funds

An organization that receives a grant under this section shall—

(1) create and promote national public communications campaigns;

(2) develop and distribute publications and other educational materials that promote crime prevention;

(3) design and maintain web sites and related web-based materials and tools;

(4) design and deliver training for law enforcement personnel, community leaders, and other partners in public safety and hometown security initiatives;

(5) design and deliver technical assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and crime prevention practitioners and associations;

(6) coordinate a coalition of Federal, national, and statewide organizations and communities supporting crime prevention;

(7) design, deliver, and assess demonstration programs;

(8) operate McGruff-related programs, including McGruff Club;

(9) operate the Teens, Crime, and Community Program; and

(10) evaluate crime prevention programs and trends.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—

(1) for fiscal year 2007, $7,000,000;

(2) for fiscal year 2008, $8,000,000;

(3) for fiscal year 2009, $9,000,000; and

(4) for fiscal year 2010, $10,000,000.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §519, as added Pub. L. 109–248, title VI, §626, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 636.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3765 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 519 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7(7), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1888; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 94–273, §5(5), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 377; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §125, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2422; Pub. L. 95–115, §9(a), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1060, related to annual reports to President and Congress, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.
34 U.S.C. § 11243 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11243: Authority to make grants for research, evaluation, demonstration, and service projects
Authority to make grants for research, evaluation, demonstration, and service projects
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization; purposes

The Secretary may make grants to States, localities, and private entities (and combinations of such entities) to carry out research, evaluation, demonstration, and service projects regarding activities under this subchapter designed to increase knowledge concerning, and to improve services for, runaway youth and homeless youth.

(b) Selection factors; priority

In selecting among applications for grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give priority to proposed projects relating to—

(1) youth who repeatedly leave and remain away from their homes;

(2) transportation of runaway youth and homeless youth in connection with services authorized to be provided under this subchapter;

(3) the special needs of runaway youth and homeless youth programs in rural areas;

(4) the special needs of programs that place runaway youth and homeless youth in host family homes;

(5) staff training in—

(A) the behavioral and emotional effects of sexual abuse and assault, severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102(9) 1 of title 22), and sex trafficking (as defined in section 7102(10) 1 of title 22);

(B) responding to youth who are showing effects of sexual abuse and assault, severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102(9) 1 of title 22), or sex trafficking (as defined in section 7102(10) 1 of title 22); and

(C) agency-wide strategies for working with runaway and homeless youth who have been sexually victimized, including such youth who are victims of trafficking (as defined in section 7102(15) 1 of title 22);

(6) innovative methods of developing resources that enhance the establishment or operation of runaway and homeless youth centers;

(7) training for runaway youth and homeless youth, and staff training, related to preventing and obtaining treatment for infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV);

(8) increasing access to quality health care (including behavioral health care) for runaway youth and homeless youth;

(9) increasing access to education for runaway youth and homeless youth, including access to educational and workforce programs to achieve outcomes such as decreasing secondary school dropout rates, increasing rates of attaining a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent, or increasing placement and retention in postsecondary education or advanced workforce training programs; and

(10) providing programs, including innovative programs, that assist youth in obtaining and maintaining safe and stable housing, and which may include programs with supportive services that continue after the youth complete the remainder of the programs.

(c) Applicant experience and diversity

In selecting among applicants for grants under subsection (a), the Secretary shall—

(1) give priority to applicants who have experience working with runaway or homeless youth; and

(2) ensure that the applicants selected—

(A) represent diverse geographic regions of the United States; and

(B) carry out projects that serve diverse populations of runaway or homeless youth.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §343, as added Pub. L. 102–586, §3(g)(1)(C), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5023; amended Pub. L. 106–71, §3(h), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1038; Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §113, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 110–378, §5, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4069; Pub. L. 114–22, title II, §201(1), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 248.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 7102(9), (10), and (15) of title 22, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), was redesignated section 7102(11), (12), and (17), respectively, of title 22 by Pub. L. 115–427, §2(1), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5503.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5714–23 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 114–22, §201(1)(A), inserted ", severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102(9) of title 22), and sex trafficking (as defined in section 7102(10) of title 22)" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 114–22, §201(1)(B), inserted ", severe forms of trafficking in persons (as defined in section 7102(9) of title 22), or sex trafficking (as defined in section 7102(10) of title 22)" before "; and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(5)(C). Pub. L. 114–22, §201(1)(C), inserted ", including such youth who are victims of trafficking (as defined in section 7102(15) of title 22)" before semicolon at end.

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–378, §5(1)(A), substituted "priority" for "special consideration" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 110–378, §5(1)(B), substituted "to quality health" for "to health" and "behavioral health care" for "mental health care" and struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 110–378, §5(1)(C), substituted ", including access to educational and workforce programs to achieve outcomes such as decreasing secondary school dropout rates, increasing rates of attaining a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent, or increasing placement and retention in postsecondary education or advanced workforce training programs; and" for period at end.

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 110–378, §5(1)(D), added par. (10).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–378, §5(2), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In selecting among applicants for grants under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants who have experience working with runaway youth or homeless youth."

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–96 inserted "regarding activities under this subchapter" after "service projects".

1999—Pub. L. 106–71, §3(h)(1), inserted "evaluation," after "research," in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–71, §3(h)(2), inserted "evaluation," after "research,".

Subsec. (b)(2) to (10). Pub. L. 106–71, §3(h)(3), redesignated pars. (3) to (10) as (2) to (9), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "home-based and street-based services for, and outreach to, runaway youth and homeless youth;".

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 30309 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 303 / Section 30309: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Carnal knowledge

The term "carnal knowledge" means contact between the penis and the vulva or the penis and the anus, including penetration of any sort, however slight.

(2) Inmate

The term "inmate" means any person incarcerated or detained in any facility who is accused of, convicted of, sentenced for, or adjudicated delinquent for, violations of criminal law or the terms and conditions of parole, probation, pretrial release, or diversionary program.

(3) Jail

The term "jail" means a confinement facility of a Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency to hold—

(A) persons pending adjudication of criminal charges; or

(B) persons committed to confinement after adjudication of criminal charges for sentences of 1 year or less.

(4) HIV

The term "HIV" means the human immunodeficiency virus.

(5) Oral sodomy

The term "oral sodomy" means contact between the mouth and the penis, the mouth and the vulva, or the mouth and the anus.

(6) Police lockup

The term "police lockup" means a temporary holding facility of a Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency to hold—

(A) inmates pending bail or transport to jail;

(B) inebriates until ready for release; or

(C) juveniles pending parental custody or shelter placement.

(7) Prison

The term "prison" means any confinement facility of a Federal, State, or local government, whether administered by such government or by a private organization on behalf of such government, and includes—

(A) any local jail or police lockup; and

(B) any juvenile facility used for the custody or care of juvenile inmates.

(8) Prison rape

The term "prison rape" includes the rape of an inmate in the actual or constructive control of prison officials.

(9) Rape

The term "rape" means—

(A) the carnal knowledge, oral sodomy, sexual assault with an object, or sexual fondling of a person, forcibly or against that person's will;

(B) the carnal knowledge, oral sodomy, sexual assault with an object, or sexual fondling of a person not forcibly or against the person's will, where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his or her youth or his or her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity; or

(C) the carnal knowledge, oral sodomy, sexual assault with an object, or sexual fondling of a person achieved through the exploitation of the fear or threat of physical violence or bodily injury.

(10) Sexual assault with an object

The term "sexual assault with an object" means the use of any hand, finger, object, or other instrument to penetrate, however slightly, the genital or anal opening of the body of another person.

(11) Sexual fondling

The term "sexual fondling" means the touching of the private body parts of another person (including the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks) for the purpose of sexual gratification.

(12) Exclusions

The terms and conditions described in paragraphs (9) and (10) shall not apply to—

(A) custodial or medical personnel gathering physical evidence, or engaged in other legitimate medical treatment, in the course of investigating prison rape;

(B) the use of a health care provider's hands or fingers or the use of medical devices in the course of appropriate medical treatment unrelated to prison rape; or

(C) the use of a health care provider's hands or fingers and the use of instruments to perform body cavity searches in order to maintain security and safety within the prison or detention facility, provided that the search is conducted in a manner consistent with constitutional requirements.

(Pub. L. 108–79, §10, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 987.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 15609 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20342 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 203 / Subchapter IV / Section 20342: Federal immunity
Federal immunity
Status: in_force

(1) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any individual making a good faith report to appropriate authorities of a suspected or known instance of child abuse or neglect, or who otherwise, in good faith, provides information or assistance, including medical evaluations or consultations, in connection with a report, investigation, or legal intervention pursuant to a good faith report of child abuse or neglect shall not be subject to civil liability or criminal prosecution, under any Federal law, rising from making such report or providing such information or assistance.

(2) Presumption of good faith

In a Federal civil action or criminal prosecution brought against a person based on the person's reporting a suspected or known instance of child abuse or neglect, or providing information or assistance with respect to such a report, as described in paragraph (1), there shall be a presumption that the person acted in good faith.

(3) Costs

If the defendant prevails in a Federal civil action described in paragraph (2), the court may award costs and reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the defendant.

(Pub. L. 115–424, §3(b), Jan. 7, 2019, 132 Stat. 5470.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2018, and not as part of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 which comprises this chapter.
34 U.S.C. § 50108 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 501 / Section 50108: Recordkeeping requirement
Recordkeeping requirement
Status: in_force

(a) Each recipient of Federal law enforcement assistance provided under this chapter shall keep such records as the Attorney General may prescribe to facilitate an effective audit.

(b) The Attorney General and the Comptroller General of the United States shall have access, for the purpose of audit and examination, to any books, documents, and records of recipients of Federal law enforcement assistance provided under this chapter which, in the opinion of the Attorney General or the Comptroller General, are related to the receipt or use of such assistance.

(Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609T, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2106.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 10508 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 21306 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 213 / Section 21306: Period of increase
Period of increase
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall provide an increase in the amount provided to a State under the covered formula grants under this chapter for a 2-year period.

(b) Limit

The Attorney General may not provide an increase in the amount provided to a State under the covered formula grants under this chapter more than 4 times.

(Pub. L. 114–22, title IV, §407, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 257.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14043h–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 20106 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 201 / Subchapter I / Section 20106: Compensation to victims of international terrorism
Compensation to victims of international terrorism
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) International terrorism

The term "international terrorism" has the meaning given the term in section 2331 of title 18.

(2) National of the United States

The term "national of the United States" has the meaning given the term in section 1101(a) of title 8.

(3) Victim

(A) In general

The term "victim" means a person who—

(i) suffered direct physical or emotional injury or death as a result of international terrorism occurring on or after October 23, 1983, with respect to which an investigation or civil or criminal prosecution was ongoing after April 24, 1996; and

(ii) as of the date on which the international terrorism occurred, was a national of the United States or an officer or employee of the United States Government.

(B) Incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased victims

In the case of a victim who is less than 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, a family member or legal guardian of the victim may receive the compensation under this section on behalf of the victim.

(C) Exception

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in no event shall an individual who is criminally culpable for the terrorist act or mass violence receive any compensation under this section, either directly or on behalf of a victim.

(b) Award of compensation

The Director may use the emergency reserve referred to in section 20101(d)(5)(A) of this title to carry out a program to compensate victims of acts of international terrorism that occur outside the United States for expenses associated with that victimization. The amount of compensation awarded to a victim under this subsection shall be reduced by any amount that the victim received in connection with the same act of international terrorism under title VIII of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986.

(c) Annual report

The Director shall annually submit to Congress a report on the status and activities of the program under this section, which report shall include—

(1) an explanation of the procedures for filing and processing of applications for compensation;

(2) a description of the procedures and policies instituted to promote public awareness about the program;

(3) a complete statistical analysis of the victims assisted under the program, including—

(A) the number of applications for compensation submitted;

(B) the number of applications approved and the amount of each award;

(C) the number of applications denied and the reasons for the denial;

(D) the average length of time to process an application for compensation; and

(E) the number of applications for compensation pending and the estimated future liability of the program; and

(4) an analysis of future program needs and suggested program improvements.

(Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §1404C, as added Pub. L. 106–386, div. C, §2003(c)(1), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1544; amended Pub. L. 107–56, title VI, §624(c), Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title X, §1083(b)(4), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 342.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 99–399, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 853. Title VIII of the Act, known as the "Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act", enacted sections 5569 and 5570 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 1051, 1095, and 2181 to 2185 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and sections 559 and 1013 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, amended section 6325 of Title 5, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 5569 of Title 5, sections 1051, 1095, and 2181 of Title 10, and section 559 of Title 37. For complete classification of title VIII to the Code, see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note set out under section 5569 of Title 5 and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 10603c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 110–181 substituted "October 23, 1983, with respect to which an investigation or civil or criminal" for "December 21, 1988 with respect to which an investigation or".

2001—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–56 inserted at end "The amount of compensation awarded to a victim under this subsection shall be reduced by any amount that the victim received in connection with the same act of international terrorism under title VIII of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

For applicability of amendments by Pub. L. 110–181 to pending cases, see section 1083(c) of Pub. L. 110–181, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1605A of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
34 U.S.C. § 12110 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter I / Section 12110: Payments to eligible States for incarceration of criminal aliens
Payments to eligible States for incarceration of criminal aliens
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall make a payment to each State which is eligible under section 1252(j) 1 of title 8 in such amount as is determined under section 1252(j) 1 of title 8, and for which payment is not made to such State for such fiscal year under such section.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section from amounts authorized under section 12108 of this title, an amount which when added to amounts appropriated to carry out section 1252(j) 1 of title 8 for fiscal year 1996 equals $500,000,000 and for each of the fiscal years 1997 through 2000 does not exceed $650,000,000.

(c) Administration

The amounts appropriated to carry out this section shall be reserved from the total amount appropriated for each fiscal year and shall be added to the other funds appropriated to carry out section 1252(j) 1 of title 8 and administered under such section.

(d) Report to Congress

Not later than May 15, 1999, the Attorney General shall submit a report to the Congress which contains the recommendation of the Attorney General concerning the extension of the program under this section.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20110, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–21; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1252(j) of title 8, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (c), was redesignated section 1231(i) of title 8 by Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, §306(a)(1), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–607.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13710 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 12332 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12332: State databases
State databases
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall study and report to the States and to Congress on how the States may collect centralized databases on the incidence of sexual and domestic violence offenses within a State.

(b) Consultation

In conducting its study, the Attorney General shall consult persons expert in the collection of criminal justice data, State statistical administrators, law enforcement personnel, and nonprofit nongovernmental agencies that provide direct services to victims of domestic violence. The final report shall set forth the views of the persons consulted on the recommendations.

(c) Report

The Attorney General shall ensure that no later than 1 year after September 13, 1994, the study required under subsection (a) is completed and a report describing the findings made is submitted to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $200,000 for fiscal year 1996.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40292, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1939.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13962 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 60521 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 605 / Subchapter II / Section 60521: Offender reentry substance abuse and criminal justice collaboration program
Offender reentry substance abuse and criminal justice collaboration program
Status: in_force

(a) Grant program authorized

The Attorney General may make competitive grants to States, units of local government, territories, and Indian Tribes, in accordance with this section, for the purposes of—

(1) improving the provision of drug treatment to offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and

(2) reducing the use of alcohol and other drugs by long-term substance abusers during the period in which each such long-term substance abuser is in prison, jail, or a juvenile facility, and through the completion of parole or court supervision of such long-term substance abuser.

(b) Use of grant funds

A grant made under subsection (a) may be used—

(1) for continuing and improving drug treatment programs provided at a prison, jail, or juvenile facility;

(2) to develop and implement programs for supervised long-term substance abusers that include alcohol and drug abuse assessments, coordinated and continuous delivery of drug treatment, and case management services;

(3) to strengthen rehabilitation efforts for offenders by providing addiction recovery support services; and

(4) to establish pharmacological drug treatment services as part of any drug treatment program offered by a grantee to offenders who are in a prison or jail.

(c) Application

(1) In general

An entity described in subsection (a) desiring a grant under that subsection shall submit to the Attorney General an application in such form and manner and at such time as the Attorney General requires.

(2) Contents

An application for a grant under subsection (a) shall—

(A) identify any agency, organization, or researcher that will be involved in administering a drug treatment program carried out with a grant under subsection (a);

(B) certify that such drug treatment program has been developed in consultation with the Single State Authority for Substance Abuse;

(C) certify that such drug treatment program shall—

(i) be clinically-appropriate; and

(ii) provide comprehensive treatment;

(D) describe how evidence-based strategies have been incorporated into such drug treatment program; and

(E) describe how data will be collected and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of such drug treatment program and describe how randomized trials will be used where practicable.

(d) Reports to Congress

(1) Interim report

Not later than September 30, 2009, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report that identifies the best practices relating to—

(A) substance abuse treatment in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and

(B) the comprehensive and coordinated treatment of long-term substance abusers, including the best practices identified through the activities funded under subsection (b)(3).

(2) Final report

Not later than September 30, 2010, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on the drug treatment programs funded under this section, including on the matters specified in paragraph (1).

(e) Definition of Single State Authority for Substance Abuse

The term "Single State Authority for Substance Abuse" means an entity designated by the Governor or chief executive officer of a State as the single State administrative authority responsible for the planning, development, implementation, monitoring, regulation, and evaluation of substance abuse services.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(2) Equitable distribution of grant amounts

Of the amount made available to carry out this section in any fiscal year, the Attorney General shall ensure that grants awarded under this section are equitably distributed among geographical regions and between urban and rural populations, including Indian Tribes, consistent with the objective of reducing recidivism among criminal offenders.

(Pub. L. 110–199, title II, §201, Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 115–391, title V, §502(e), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5230.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 17521 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 115–391 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010."
34 U.S.C. § 12109 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter I / Section 12109: Payments for incarceration on tribal lands
Payments for incarceration on tribal lands
Status: in_force

(a) Reservation of funds

Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, of amounts made available to the Attorney General to carry out programs relating to offender incarceration, the Attorney General shall reserve $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015 to carry out this section.

(b) Grants to Indian tribes

(1) In general

From the amounts reserved under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall provide grants—

(A) to Indian tribes for purposes of—

(i) construction and maintenance of jails on Indian land for the incarceration of offenders subject to tribal jurisdiction;

(ii) entering into contracts with private entities to increase the efficiency of the construction of tribal jails; and

(iii) developing and implementing alternatives to incarceration in tribal jails;

(B) to Indian tribes for the construction of tribal justice centers that combine tribal police, courts, and corrections services to address violations of tribal civil and criminal laws;

(C) to consortia of Indian tribes for purposes of constructing and operating regional detention centers on Indian land for long-term incarceration of offenders subject to tribal jurisdiction, as the applicable consortium determines to be appropriate.

(2) Priority of funding

in 1 providing grants under this subsection, the Attorney General shall take into consideration applicable—

(A) reservation crime rates;

(B) annual tribal court convictions; and

(C) bed space needs.

(3) Federal share

Because of the Federal nature and responsibility for providing public safety on Indian land, the Federal share of the cost of any activity carried out using a grant under this subsection shall be 100 percent.

(c) Applications

To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an Indian tribe or consortium of Indian tribes, as applicable, shall submit to the Attorney General an application in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General may by regulation require.

(d) Long-term plan

Not later than 1 year after July 29, 2010, the Attorney General, in coordination with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and in consultation with tribal leaders, tribal law enforcement officers, and tribal corrections officials, shall submit to Congress a long-term plan to address incarceration in Indian country, including—

(1) a description of proposed activities for—

(A) construction, operation, and maintenance of juvenile (in accordance with section 2453(a)(3) of title 25) and adult detention facilities (including regional facilities) in Indian country;

(B) contracting with State and local detention centers, on approval of the affected tribal governments; and

(C) alternatives to incarceration, developed in cooperation with tribal court systems;

(2) an assessment and consideration of the construction of Federal detention facilities in Indian country; and

(3) any other alternatives as the Attorney General, in coordination with the Bureau of Indian Affairs and in consultation with Indian tribes, determines to be necessary.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title II, §20109, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title I, §114(a)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–20; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327; amended Pub. L. 111–211, title II, §244, July 29, 2010, 124 Stat. 2294.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13709 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 20109 of Pub. L. 103–322, title II, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1818, authorized appropriations prior to the general amendment of subtitle A of title II of Pub. L. 103–322 by Pub. L. 104–134.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–211, §244(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this part other than section 13708(a)(2) of this title, from amounts appropriated to carry out sections 13703 and 13704 of this title, the Attorney General shall reserve, to carry out this section—

"(1) 0.3 percent in each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997; and

"(2) 0.2 percent in each of fiscal years 1998, 1999, and 2000."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–211, §244(b)(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "From the amounts reserved under subsection (a) of this section, the Attorney General may make grants to Indian tribes for the purposes of constructing jails on tribal lands for the incarceration of offenders subject to tribal jurisdiction."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–211, §244(b)(2), inserted "or consortium of Indian tribes, as applicable," after "Indian tribe".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–211, §244(b)(3), added subsec. (d).

1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
34 U.S.C. § 10142 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter IV / Section 10142: Duties and functions of Director
Duties and functions of Director
Status: in_force

The Director shall have the following duties:

(1) Providing funds to eligible States, units of local government, and nonprofit organizations pursuant to subchapters V and XIII.

(2) Establishing programs in accordance with part B of subchapter V and, following public announcement of such programs, awarding and allocating funds and technical assistance in accordance with the criteria of part B of subchapter V, and on terms and conditions determined by the Director to be consistent with part B of subchapter V.

(3) Cooperating with and providing technical assistance to States, units of local government, and other public and private organizations or international agencies involved in criminal justice activities.

(4) Providing for the development of technical assistance and training programs for State and local criminal justice agencies and fostering local participation in such activities.

(5) Encouraging the targeting of State and local resources on efforts to reduce the incidence of drug abuse and crime and on programs relating to the apprehension and prosecution of drug offenders.

(6) Establishing and carrying on a specific and continuing program of cooperation with the States and units of local government designed to encourage and promote consultation and coordination concerning decisions made by the Bureau affecting State and local drug control and criminal justice priorities.

(7) Preparing recommendations on the State and local drug enforcement component of the National Drug Control Strategy which shall be submitted to the Associate Director of the Office on National Drug Control Policy. In making such recommendations, the Director shall review the statewide strategies submitted by such States under subchapter V, and shall obtain input from State and local drug enforcement officials. The recommendations made under this paragraph shall be provided at such time and in such form as the Director of National Drug Control Policy shall require.

(8) Exercising such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Director pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General or Assistant Attorney General.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §402, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §241(b)(1), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4813.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3742 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 402 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §606, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2080, related to duties and functions of Director, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4328.

Another prior section 402 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1181, related to eligibility provisions for formula grants, prior to the general amendment of part D of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 98–473.

Another prior section 402 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 203; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §117, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2416, provided for creation of a National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

1990—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–647 substituted "subchapters V and XII–B" for "subchapter V".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in pars. (3) to (6) of this section, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 12557 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12557: Police Corps training
Police Corps training
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) The Director shall establish programs of training for Police Corps participants. Such programs may be carried out at up to 3 training centers established for this purpose and administered by the Director, or by contracting with existing State training facilities. The Director shall contract with a State training facility upon request of such facility if the Director determines that such facility offers a course of training substantially equivalent to the Police Corps training program described in this part.

(2) The Director may enter into contracts with individuals, institutions of learning, and government agencies (including State and local police forces) to obtain the services of persons qualified to participate in and contribute to the training process.

(3) The Director may enter into agreements with agencies of the Federal Government to utilize on a reimbursable basis space in Federal buildings and other resources.

(4) The Director may authorize such expenditures as are necessary for the effective maintenance of the training centers, including purchases of supplies, uniforms, and educational materials, and the provision of subsistence, quarters, and medical care to participants.

(b) Training sessions

A participant in a State Police Corps program shall attend up to 24 weeks, but no less than 16 weeks, of training at a training center. The Director may approve training conducted in not more than 3 separate sessions.

(c) Further training

The Police Corps training authorized in this section is intended to serve as basic law enforcement training but not to exclude further training of participants by the State and local authorities to which they will be assigned. Each State plan approved by the Director under section 12559 1 of this title shall include assurances that following completion of a participant's course of education each participant shall receive appropriate additional training by the State or local authority to which the participant is assigned. The time spent by a participant in such additional training, but not the time spent in Police Corps training, shall be counted toward fulfillment of the participant's 4-year service obligation.

(d) Course of training

The training sessions at training centers established under this section shall be designed to provide basic law enforcement training, including vigorous physical and mental training to teach participants self-discipline and organizational loyalty and to impart knowledge and understanding of legal processes and law enforcement.

(e) Evaluation of participants

A participant shall be evaluated during training for mental, physical, and emotional fitness, and shall be required to meet performance standards prescribed by the Director at the conclusion of each training session in order to remain in the Police Corps program.

(f) Stipend

The Director shall pay participants in training sessions a stipend of $400 a week during training.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200108, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2054; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §138(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–597; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11006(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1817.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 12559 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original "section 10", and was translated as reading "section 200110", meaning section 200110 of Pub. L. 103–322, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because Pub. L. 103–322 does not contain a section 10, and section 12559 of this title relates to requirements for State Police Corps plans.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14097 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "$400" for "$250".

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §138(a)(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "A participant in a State Police Corps program shall attend two 8-week training sessions at a training center, one during the summer following completion of sophomore year and one during the summer following completion of junior year. If a participant enters the program after sophomore year, the participant shall complete 16 weeks of training at times determined by the Director."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §138(a)(2), substituted "The Police Corps" for "The 16 weeks of Police Corps".

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 10201 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter V / Section 10201: Evaluation
Evaluation
Status: in_force

(a) Guidelines and comprehensive evaluations

To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of programs funded under this subchapter, the National Institute of Justice shall—

(1) develop guidelines, in cooperation with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, to assist State and local units of government to conduct program evaluations; and

(2) conduct a reasonable number of comprehensive evaluations of programs funded under section 10156 (formula grants) and section 10171 (discretionary grants) of this title.

(b) Criteria for selecting programs for review

In selecting programs for review, the Director of the National Institute of Justice should consider—

(1) whether the program establishes or demonstrates a new and innovative approach to drug or crime control;

(2) the cost of the program to be evaluated and the number of similar programs funded under section 10156 (formula grants) of this title;

(3) whether the program has a high potential to be replicated in other jurisdictions; and

(4) whether there is substantial public awareness and community involvement in the program. Routine auditing, monitoring, and internal assessment of a State and local drug control program's progress shall be the sole responsibility of the Bureau of Justice Assistance.

(c) Annual report

The Director of the National Institute of Justice shall annually report to the President, the Attorney General, and the Congress on the nature and findings of the evaluation and research and development activities funded under this section.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §520, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6091(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4337; amended Pub. L. 101–647, title XVIII, §1801(b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4848; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1111(c)(2)(B), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3101.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3766 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 520 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 90–462, §1, Aug. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7(8), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1888; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 93–415, title V, §544, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 94–430, §3, Sept. 29, 1976, 90 Stat. 1348; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §126, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2423, related to authorization of appropriations, prior to the general amendment of title I of Pub. L. 90–351 by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–162, §1111(c)(2)(B)(i), substituted "program evaluations" for "the program evaluations as required by section 3751(c) of this title".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–162, §1111(c)(2)(B)(ii), substituted "evaluations of programs funded under section 3755 (formula grants) and section 3762a (discretionary grants) of this title" for "evaluations of programs funded under section 3756 (formula grants) and sections 3761 and 3762a (discretionary grants) of this title".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–162, §1111(c)(2)(B)(iii), substituted "programs funded under section 3755 (formula grants)" for "programs funded under section 3756 (formula grants) and section 3761 (discretionary grants)".

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–647 substituted "sections 3761 and 3762a" for "section 3761".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–162 applicable with respect to the first fiscal year beginning after Jan. 5, 2006, and each fiscal year thereafter, see section 1111(d) of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as a note under section 10151 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 30506 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 305 / Section 30506: Rule of construction
Rule of construction
Status: in_force

For purposes of construing this division and the amendments made by this division the following shall apply:

(1) In general

Nothing in this division shall be construed to allow a court, in any criminal trial for an offense described under this division or an amendment made by this division, in the absence of a stipulation by the parties, to admit evidence of speech, beliefs, association, group membership, or expressive conduct unless that evidence is relevant and admissible under the Federal Rules of Evidence. Nothing in this division is intended to affect the existing rules of evidence.

(2) Violent acts

This division applies to violent acts motivated by actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of a victim.

(3) Construction and application

Nothing in this division, or an amendment made by this division, shall be construed or applied in a manner that infringes any rights under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Nor shall anything in this division, or an amendment made by this division, be construed or applied in a manner that substantially burdens a person's exercise of religion (regardless of whether compelled by, or central to, a system of religious belief), speech, expression, or association, unless the Government demonstrates that application of the burden to the person is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest and is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest, if such exercise of religion, speech, expression, or association was not intended to—

(A) plan or prepare for an act of physical violence; or

(B) incite an imminent act of physical violence against another.

(4) Free expression

Nothing in this division shall be construed to allow prosecution based solely upon an individual's expression of racial, religious, political, or other beliefs or solely upon an individual's membership in a group advocating or espousing such beliefs.

(5) First amendment

Nothing in this division, or an amendment made by this division, shall be construed to diminish any rights under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

(6) Constitutional protections

Nothing in this division shall be construed to prohibit any constitutionally protected speech, expressive conduct or activities (regardless of whether compelled by, or central to, a system of religious belief), including the exercise of religion protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States and peaceful picketing or demonstration. The Constitution of the United States does not protect speech, conduct or activities consisting of planning for, conspiring to commit, or committing an act of violence.

(Pub. L. 111–84, div. E, §4710, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2841.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This division, referred to in text, is division E of Pub. L. 111–84, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2835, known as the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. For complete classification of division E to the Code, see Short Title of 2009 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified as a note under section 249 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10332 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XIII / Section 10332: Description of grant program
Description of grant program
Status: in_force

The Director is authorized to make grants to provide equipment and personnel training for the closed-circuit televising and video taping of the testimony of children in criminal proceedings for the violation of laws relating to the abuse of children.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1402, as added Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §241(a)(2), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4810; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40156(c)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1923.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796aa–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–322 struck out "to States, for the use of States and units of local government in the States" after "make grants".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10530 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXIV / Section 10530: Patrick Leahy Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Program
Patrick Leahy Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Program
Status: in_force

The program under this subchapter shall be known as the "Patrick Leahy Bulletproof Vest Partnership Grant Program".

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2500, as added Pub. L. 116–18, §1(b), May 23, 2019, 133 Stat. 869.)
34 U.S.C. § 10121 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter II / Section 10121: Statement of purpose
Statement of purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this subchapter to establish a National Institute of Justice, which shall provide for and encourage research and demonstration efforts for the purpose of—

(1) improving Federal, State, and local criminal justice systems and related aspects of the civil justice system;

(2) preventing and reducing crimes;

(3) insuring citizen access to appropriate dispute-resolution forums; and

(4) identifying programs of proven effectiveness, programs having a record of proven success, or programs which offer a high probability of improving the functioning of the criminal justice system.

The Institute shall have authority to engage in and encourage research and development to improve and strengthen the criminal justice system and related aspects of the civil justice system and to disseminate the results of such efforts to Federal, State, and local governments, to evaluate the effectiveness of programs funded under this chapter, to develop and demonstrate new or improved approaches and techniques, to improve and strengthen the administration of justice, and to identify programs or projects carried out under this chapter which have demonstrated success in improving the quality of justice systems and which offer the likelihood of success if continued or repeated. In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Institute shall give primary emphasis to the problems of State and local justice systems and shall insure that there is a balance between basic and applied research.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §201, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1172; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §604(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2078.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 90–351, as added by Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1167, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3721 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 201 of Pub. L. 90–351, title I, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 94–503, title I, §104, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2408, set out Congressional statement of purpose in providing for a program of planning grants, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–157.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–473 redesignated par. (5) as (4), struck out former par. (4) relating to improvement of efforts to detect, investigate, prosecute, and otherwise combat and prevent white-collar crime and public corruption, and in closing provisions struck out "to develop alternatives to judicial resolution of disputes," after "local governments,", and inserted "and demonstrate" after "to develop".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.

National Training Program for State and Local Prosecutors

Pub. L. 110–424, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4819, provided that:

"SECTION 1. TRAINING FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROSECUTORS.

"The Attorney General is authorized to award a grant to a national nonprofit organization (such as the National District Attorneys Association) to conduct a national training program for State and local prosecutors for the purpose of improving the professional skills of State and local prosecutors and enhancing the ability of Federal, State, and local prosecutors to work together.

"SEC. 2. COMPREHENSIVE CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION.

"The Attorney General may provide assistance to the grantee under section 1 to carry out the training program described in such section, including comprehensive continuing legal education in the areas of trial practice, substantive legal updates, support staff training, and any other assistance the Attorney General determines to be appropriate.

"SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

"There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this Act $4,750,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2012, to remain available until expended."
34 U.S.C. § 20901 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter I / Section 20901: Declaration of purpose
Declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

In order to protect the public from sex offenders and offenders against children, and in response to the vicious attacks by violent predators against the victims listed below, Congress in this chapter establishes a comprehensive national system for the registration of those offenders:

(1) Jacob Wetterling, who was 11 years old, was abducted in 1989 in Minnesota, and remains missing.

(2) Megan Nicole Kanka, who was 7 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 1994, in New Jersey.

(3) Pam Lychner, who was 31 years old, was attacked by a career offender in Houston, Texas.

(4) Jetseta Gage, who was 10 years old, was kidnapped, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 2005, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

(5) Dru Sjodin, who was 22 years old, was sexually assaulted and murdered in 2003, in North Dakota.

(6) Jessica Lunsford, who was 9 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, buried alive, and murdered in 2005, in Homosassa, Florida.

(7) Sarah Lunde, who was 13 years old, was strangled and murdered in 2005, in Ruskin, Florida.

(8) Amie Zyla, who was 8 years old, was sexually assaulted in 1996 by a juvenile offender in Waukesha, Wisconsin, and has become an advocate for child victims and protection of children from juvenile sex offenders.

(9) Christy Ann Fornoff, who was 13 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 1984, in Tempe, Arizona.

(10) Alexandra Nicole Zapp, who was 30 years old, was brutally attacked and murdered in a public restroom by a repeat sex offender in 2002, in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.

(11) Polly Klaas, who was 12 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in 1993 by a career offender in California.

(12) Jimmy Ryce, who was 9 years old, was kidnapped and murdered in Florida on September 11, 1995.

(13) Carlie Brucia, who was 11 years old, was abducted and murdered in Florida in February, 2004.

(14) Amanda Brown, who was 7 years old, was abducted and murdered in Florida in 1998.

(15) Elizabeth Smart, who was 14 years old, was abducted in Salt Lake City, Utah in June 2002.

(16) Molly Bish, who was 16 years old, was abducted in 2000 while working as a lifeguard in Warren, Massachusetts, where her remains were found 3 years later.

(17) Samantha Runnion, who was 5 years old, was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered in California on July 15, 2002.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §102, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 590.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 109–248, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 587, known as the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2006 Act note set out under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16901 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 40916 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 409 / Subchapter I / Section 40916: Illegal immigrant gun purchase notification
Illegal immigrant gun purchase notification
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law or of this chapter, all records obtained by the National Instant Criminal Background Check system relevant to whether an individual is prohibited from possessing a firearm because such person is an alien illegally or unlawfully in the United States shall be made available to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

(b) Regulations

The Attorney General, at his or her discretion, shall promulgate guidelines relevant to what records relevant to illegal aliens shall be provided pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 110–180, title I, §106, Jan. 8, 2008, 121 Stat. 2570.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified in a note under section 922 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 11221 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11221: Authority for program
Authority for program
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized to make grants and to provide technical assistance to public and nonprofit private entities to establish and operate transitional living youth projects for homeless youth.

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7273(f), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4455; amended Pub. L. 106–71, §3(e), Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1038.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5714–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 321 of Pub. L. 93–415 was renumbered section 363 and is classified to section 11275 of this title.

Amendments

1999—Pub. L. 106–71 struck out "Purpose and" before "Authority" in section catchline and struck out subsec. (a) designation before "The Secretary" and subsec. (b) which defined "homeless youth" and "transitional living youth project".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 11101 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 20705 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 207 / Section 20705: Enhancing State and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons
Enhancing State and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of grant program for law enforcement

(1) In general

The Attorney General may make grants to States and local law enforcement agencies to establish, develop, expand, or strengthen programs—

(A) to investigate and prosecute acts of severe forms of trafficking in persons, and related offenses that occur, in whole or in part, within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States;

(B) to train law enforcement personnel how to identify victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons and related offenses;

(C) to investigate and prosecute persons who engage in the purchase of commercial sex acts and prioritize the investigations and prosecutions of those cases involving minor victims;

(D) to educate persons charged with, or convicted of, purchasing or attempting to purchase commercial sex acts;

(E) to educate and train law enforcement personnel in how to establish trust of persons subjected to trafficking and encourage cooperation with prosecution efforts; and

(F) as appropriate, to designate at least 1 prosecutor for cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons (as such term is defined in section 7102(9) 1 of title 22).

(2) Definition

In this subsection, the term "related offenses" includes violations of tax laws, transacting in illegally derived proceeds, money laundering, racketeering, and other violations of criminal laws committed in connection with an act of sex trafficking or a severe form of trafficking in persons.

(b) Multi-disciplinary approach required

Grants under subsection (a) may be made only for programs in which the State or local law enforcement agency works collaboratively with social service providers and relevant nongovernmental organizations, including organizations with experience in the delivery of services to persons who are the subject of trafficking in persons.

(c) Limitation on Federal share

The Federal share of a grant made under this section may not exceed 75 percent of the total costs of the projects described in the application submitted.

(d) No limitation on section 20702 grant applications

An entity that applies for a grant under section 20702 of this title is not prohibited from also applying for a grant under this section.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2014 through 2021.

(f) GAO evaluation and report

Not later than 30 months after March 7, 2013, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of and submit to Congress a report evaluating the impact of this section on—

(1) the ability of law enforcement personnel to identify victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons and investigate and prosecute cases against offenders, including offenders who engage in the purchasing of commercial sex acts with a minor; and

(2) recommendations, if any, regarding any legislative or administrative action the Comptroller General determines appropriate to improve the ability described in paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title II, §204, Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3571; Pub. L. 110–457, title III, §302(5), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §1242, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 115–393, title III, §301(c), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5272; Pub. L. 115–425, title I, §122, Jan. 8, 2019, 132 Stat. 5479.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 7102(9) of title 22, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(F), was redesignated section 7102(11) of title 22 by Pub. L. 115–427, §2(1), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5503.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14044c of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 115–425 added subpar. (F).

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–393 substituted "2021" for "2017".

2013—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–4, §1242(1)(A), struck out ", which involve United States citizens, or aliens admitted for permanent residence, and" after "related offenses".

Subsec. (a)(1)(B) to (E). Pub. L. 113–4, §1242(1)(B)–(D), added subpar. (B), redesignated former subpars. (B) to (D) as (C) to (E), respectively, and in subpar. (C) inserted "and prioritize the investigations and prosecutions of those cases involving minor victims" after "commercial sex acts".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–4, §1242(3), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–4, §1242(2), (4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e) and substituted "$10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2014 through 2017" for "$20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2011".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–4, §1242(5), added subsec. (f).

2008—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–457 substituted "$20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2011" for "$25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006 and 2007".

1 See References in Text note below.
34 U.S.C. § 10455 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XIX / Section 10455: Senior Policy Advisor for Culturally Specific Communities
Senior Policy Advisor for Culturally Specific Communities
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established in the Office on Violence Against Women a Senior Policy Advisor for Culturally Specific Communities.

(b) Duties

The Senior Policy Advisor for Culturally Specific Communities, under the guidance and authority of the Director, shall—

(1) advise on the administration of grants related to culturally specific services and contracts with culturally specific organizations;

(2) coordinate development of Federal policy, protocols, and guidelines on matters relating to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking in culturally specific communities;

(3) advise the Director on policies, legislation, implementation of laws, and other issues relating to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking in culturally specific communities;

(4) provide technical assistance, coordination, and support to other offices and bureaus in the Department of Justice to develop policy and to enforce Federal laws relating to domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking in culturally specific communities;

(5) ensure that appropriate technical assistance, developed and provided by entities with expertise in culturally specific communities, is made available to grantees and potential grantees proposing to serve culturally specific communities;

(6) ensure access to grants and technical assistance for culturally specific organizations; and

(7) analyze the distribution of grant funding in order to identify barriers for culturally specific organizations.

(c) Qualifications

Not later than 120 days after March 15, 2022, the Director shall hire for the position established under subsection (a) an individual with personal, lived, and work experience from a culturally specific community, and a demonstrated history and expertise addressing domestic violence or sexual assault in a nongovernmental agency.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2018, as added Pub. L. 117–103, div. W, title IX, §902, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 911.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section not effective until Oct. 1 of the first fiscal year beginning after Mar. 15, 2022, see section 4(a) of div. W of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as a note under section 6851 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
34 U.S.C. § 20924 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 209 / Subchapter I / Section 20924: Actions to be taken when sex offender fails to comply
Actions to be taken when sex offender fails to comply
Status: in_force

An appropriate official shall notify the Attorney General and appropriate law enforcement agencies of any failure by a sex offender to comply with the requirements of a registry and revise the jurisdiction's registry to reflect the nature of that failure. The appropriate official, the Attorney General, and each such law enforcement agency shall take any appropriate action to ensure compliance.

(Pub. L. 109–248, title I, §122, July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 597.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 16922 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 12184 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter II / Section 12184: Availability of lines of credit and use
Availability of lines of credit and use
Status: in_force

(a) Approval of application

The Secretary shall provide a community development corporation that has an application approved under section 12183 of this title with a line of credit in an amount determined appropriate by the Secretary, subject to the limitations contained in subsection (b).

(b) Limitations on availability of amounts

(1) Maximum amount

The Secretary shall not provide in excess of $2,000,000 in lines of credit under this subpart to a single applicant.

(2) Period of availability

A line of credit provided under this subpart shall remain available over a period of time established by the Secretary, but in no event shall any such period of time be in excess of 3 years from the date on which such line of credit is made available.

(3) Exception

Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), if a recipient of a line of credit under this subpart has made full and productive use of such line of credit, can demonstrate the need and demand for additional assistance, and can meet the requirements of section 12182(b)(2) of this title, the amount of such line of credit may be increased by not more than $1,500,000.

(c) Amounts drawn from line of credit

Amounts drawn from each line of credit under this subpart shall be used solely for the purposes described in section 12181 of this title and shall only be drawn down as needed to provide loans, investments, or to defray administrative costs related to the establishment of a revolving loan fund.

(d) Use of revolving loan funds

Revolving loan funds established with lines of credit provided under this subpart may be used to provide technical assistance to private business enterprises and to provide financial assistance in the form of loans, loan guarantees, interest reduction assistance, equity shares, and other such forms of assistance to business enterprises in target areas and who are in compliance with section 12183(a)(4) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §31114, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1884.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 13824 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 21721 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 217 / Subchapter II / Section 21721: Establishment of best practices for local, State, and Federal data collection
Establishment of best practices for local, State, and Federal data collection
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General, in consultation with Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies, shall—

(1) establish best practices for data collection to focus on elder abuse; and

(2) provide technical assistance to State, local, and tribal governments in adopting the best practices established under paragraph (1).

(b) Deadline

Not later than 1 year after October 18, 2017, the Attorney General shall publish the best practices established under subsection (a)(1) on the website of the Department of Justice in a publicly accessible manner.

(c) Limitation

Nothing in this section shall be construed to require or obligate compliance with the best practices established under subsection (a)(1).

(Pub. L. 115–70, title II, §201, Oct. 18, 2017, 131 Stat. 1211.)
34 U.S.C. § 12471 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter III / Section 12471: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress finds that:

(1) There is a strong link between domestic violence and homelessness. Among cities surveyed, 44 percent identified domestic violence as a primary cause of homelessness.

(2) Ninety-two percent of homeless women have experienced severe physical or sexual abuse at some point in their lives. Of all homeless women and children, 60 percent had been abused by age 12, and 63 percent have been victims of intimate partner violence as adults.

(3) Women and families across the country are being discriminated against, denied access to, and even evicted from public and subsidized housing because of their status as victims of domestic violence.

(4) A recent survey of legal service providers around the country found that these providers have responded to almost 150 documented eviction cases in the last year alone where the tenant was evicted because of the domestic violence crimes committed against her. In addition, nearly 100 clients were denied housing because of their status as victims of domestic violence.

(5) Women who leave their abusers frequently lack adequate emergency shelter options. The lack of adequate emergency options for victims presents a serious threat to their safety and the safety of their children. Requests for emergency shelter by homeless women with children increased by 78 percent of United States cities surveyed in 2004. In the same year, 32 percent of the requests for shelter by homeless families went unmet due to the lack of available emergency shelter beds.

(6) The average stay at an emergency shelter is 60 days, while the average length of time it takes a homeless family to secure housing is 6 to 10 months.

(7) Victims of domestic violence often return to abusive partners because they cannot find long-term housing.

(8) There are not enough Federal housing rent vouchers available to accommodate the number of people in need of long-term housing. Some people remain on the waiting list for Federal housing rent vouchers for years, while some lists are closed.

(9) Transitional housing resources and services provide an essential continuum between emergency shelter provision and independent living. A majority of women in transitional housing programs stated that had these programs not existed, they would have likely gone back to abusive partners.

(10) Because abusers frequently manipulate finances in an effort to control their partners, victims often lack steady income, credit history, landlord references, and a current address, all of which are necessary to obtain long-term permanent housing.

(11) Victims of domestic violence in rural areas face additional barriers, challenges, and unique circumstances, such as geographical isolation, poverty, lack of public transportation systems, shortages of health care providers, under-insurance or lack of health insurance, difficulty ensuring confidentiality in small communities, and decreased access to many resources (such as advanced education, job opportunities, and adequate childcare).

(12) Congress and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development have recognized in recent years that families experiencing domestic violence have unique needs that should be addressed by those administering the Federal housing programs.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §41401, as added Pub. L. 109–162, title VI, §601, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3030.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14043e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 50109 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 501 / Section 50109: Bureau of Justice Assistance
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Status: in_force

The Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance may assist the Attorney General in providing Federal law enforcement assistance under this chapter and in coordinating the activities authorized under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609V, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2106.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 10510 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 12572 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 121 / Subchapter VII / Section 12572: Allotment
Allotment
Status: in_force

From amounts appropriated under section 14119 of title 42, the Director shall allot—

(1) 80 percent of such amounts to States on the basis of the number of law enforcement officers in each State compared to the number of law enforcement officers in all States; and

(2) 20 percent of such amounts to States on the basis of the shortage of law enforcement personnel and the need for assistance under this part in the State compared to the shortage of law enforcement personnel and the need for assistance under this part in all States.

(Pub. L. 103–322, title XX, §200203, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2058.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 14119 of title 42, referred to in text, was omitted from the Code as obsolete.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 14112 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 60552 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 605 / Subchapter II / Section 60552: Grants to study parole or post-incarceration supervision violations and revocations
Grants to study parole or post-incarceration supervision violations and revocations
Status: in_force

(a) Grants authorized

From amounts made available to carry out this section, the Attorney General may make grants to States to study and to improve the collection of data with respect to individuals whose parole or post-incarceration supervision is revoked, and which such individuals represent the greatest risk to victims and community safety.

(b) Application

As a condition of receiving a grant under this section, a State shall—

(1) certify that the State has, or intends to establish, a program that collects comprehensive and reliable data with respect to individuals described in subsection (a), including data on—

(A) the number and type of parole or post-incarceration supervision violations that occur with the State;

(B) the reasons for parole or post-incarceration supervision revocation;

(C) the underlying behavior that led to the revocation; and

(D) the term of imprisonment or other penalty that is imposed for the violation; and

(2) provide the data described in paragraph (1) to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in a form prescribed by the Bureau.

(c) Analysis

Any statistical analysis of population data under this section shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Register Notice dated October 30, 1997, relating to classification standards.

(Pub. L. 110–199, title II, §242, Apr. 9, 2008, 122 Stat. 690.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 17552 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10498 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXII / Section 10498: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) the term "family-friendly policy" means a policy to promote or improve the morale and well being of law enforcement personnel and their families; and

(2) the term "law enforcement personnel" means individuals employed by Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2308, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210201(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2064.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796jj–7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10336 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XIII / Section 10336: Expenditure of grants; records
Expenditure of grants; records
Status: in_force

(a) Identified uses

A grant made under this subchapter may not be expended for more than 75 percent of the cost of the identified uses, in the aggregate, for which such grant is received to carry out section 10332 of this title, except that in the case of funds distributed to an Indian tribe which performs law enforcement functions (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior) for any such program or project, the amount of such grant shall be equal to 100 percent of such cost. The non-Federal portion of the expenditures for such uses shall be paid in cash.

(b) Administration

Not more than 10 percent of a grant made under this subchapter may be used for costs incurred to administer such grant.

(c) Records

(1) Grant recipients (or private organizations with which grant recipients have contracted to provide equipment or training using grant funds) shall keep such records as the Director may require by rule to facilitate such an audit..1

(2) The Director and the Comptroller General of the United States shall have access, for the purpose of audit and examination, to any books, documents, and records of grant recipients (or private organizations with which grant recipients have contracted to provide equipment or training using grant funds) if, in the opinion of the Director or the Comptroller General, such books, documents, and records are related to the receipt or use of any such grant.

(d) Utilization of private sector

Nothing in this subchapter shall prohibit the utilization of any grant funds to contract with a private organization to provide equipment or training for the televising of testimony as contemplated by the application submitted by an applicant.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §1407, as added Pub. L. 101–647, title II, §241(a)(2), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4813; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40156(c)(7), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1924.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796aa–6 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–322, §40156(c)(7)(A)(i), substituted "Grant recipients (or private organizations with which grant recipients have contracted to provide equipment or training using grant funds) shall keep such records as the Director may require by rule to facilitate such an audit." for "Each State which receives a grant under this chapter shall keep, and shall require units of local government which receive any part of such grant to keep, such records as the Director may require by rule to facilitate an effective audit".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–322, §40156(c)(7)(A)(ii), substituted "grant recipients (or private organizations with which grant recipients have contracted to provide equipment or training using grant funds)" for "States which receive grants, and of units of local government which receive any part of a grant made under this subchapter".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–322, §40156(c)(7)(B), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Effective Aug. 1, 2000, all functions of Director of Bureau of Justice Assistance, other than those enumerated in section 10142(3) to (6) of this title, transferred to Assistant Attorney General for Office of Justice Programs, see section 1000(a)(1) [title I, §108(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 10141 of this title.

1 So in original.
34 U.S.C. § 60704 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 607 / Section 60704: Rules and regulations
Rules and regulations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall issue guidance to create, carry out, and administer the Program in accordance with this section.

(b) Funds to be directed to local control

Amounts made available as grants under the Program shall be, to the greatest extent practicable, locally controlled to address problems that are identified locally.

(c) Task Forces

Thirty percent of the amounts made available as grants under the Program each fiscal year shall be granted to Gang Task Forces in regions experiencing a significant or increased presence of criminal or transnational organizations engaging in high levels of violent crime, firearms offenses, human trafficking, and drug trafficking.

(d) Priority

Amounts made available as grants under the Program shall be used to prioritize the investigation and prosecution of individuals who have an aggravating or leadership role in a criminal or transnational organization described in subsection (c).

(Pub. L. 115–185, §5, June 18, 2018, 132 Stat. 1486.)
34 U.S.C. § 30304 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 303 / Section 30304: Prison rape prevention and prosecution
Prison rape prevention and prosecution
Status: in_force

(a) Information and assistance

(1) National clearinghouse

There is established within the National Institute of Corrections a national clearinghouse for the provision of information and assistance to Federal, State, and local authorities responsible for the prevention, investigation, and punishment of instances of prison rape.

(2) Training and education

The National Institute of Corrections shall conduct periodic training and education programs for Federal, State, and local authorities responsible for the prevention, investigation, and punishment of instances of prison rape.

(b) Reports

(1) In general

Not later than September 30 of each year, the National Institute of Corrections shall submit a report to Congress and the Secretary of Health and Human Services. This report shall be available to the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics.

(2) Contents

The report required under paragraph (1) shall summarize the activities of the Department of Justice regarding prison rape abatement for the preceding calendar year.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 through 2010 to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 108–79, §5, Sept. 4, 2003, 117 Stat. 978.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 15604 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 50111 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 501 / Section 50111: Issuance of rules
Issuance of rules
Status: in_force

The Attorney General, after consultation with appropriate members of the law enforcement community and with State and local officials, shall issue rules to carry out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609X, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2107.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 10512 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
34 U.S.C. § 10663 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXXIV / Section 10663: Grants for programs for drug-endangered children
Grants for programs for drug-endangered children
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Attorney General shall make grants to States, territories, and Indian tribes (as defined in section 10554 of this title) for the purpose of carrying out programs to provide comprehensive services to aid children who are living in a home in which methamphetamine or other controlled substances are unlawfully manufactured, distributed, dispensed, or used.

(b) Certain requirements

The Attorney General shall ensure that the services carried out with grants under subsection (a) include the following:

(1) Coordination among law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, child protective services, social services, health care services, and any other services determined to be appropriate by the Attorney General to provide assistance regarding the problems of children described in subsection (a).

(2) Transition of children from toxic or drug-endangering environments to appropriate residential environments.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

For the purpose of carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 and 2009. Amounts appropriated under the preceding sentence shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 109–177, title VII, §755, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 275; Pub. L. 110–161, div. B, title II, §220(b), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 110–345, §2, Oct. 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 3938.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005, and also as part of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005, and not as part of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 3797cc–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–345 substituted "fiscal years 2008 and 2009" for "fiscal years 2006 and 2007".

2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 inserted ", territories, and Indian tribes (as defined in section 3797d of this title)" after "make grants to States".
34 U.S.C. § 10491 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXII / Section 10491: Duties
Duties
Status: in_force

The Attorney General shall—

(1) establish guidelines and oversee the implementation of family-friendly policies within law enforcement-related offices and divisions in the Department of Justice;

(2) study the effects of stress on law enforcement personnel and family well-being and disseminate the findings of such studies to Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies, related organizations, and other interested parties, including any research and reports developed under the Law Enforcement Mental Health and Wellness Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–113; 131 Stat. 2276);

(3) identify and evaluate model programs that provide support services to law enforcement personnel and families;

(4) provide technical assistance and training programs to develop stress reduction, psychological services, suicide prevention, and family support to State and local law enforcement agencies;

(5) collect and disseminate information regarding family support, stress reduction, and psychological services to Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies, law enforcement-related organizations, and other interested entities; and

(6) determine issues to be researched by the Department of Justice and by grant recipients.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2301, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210201(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2062; amended Pub. L. 116–32, §2(2), July 25, 2019, 133 Stat. 1036.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Law Enforcement Mental Health and Wellness Act of 2017, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 115–113, Jan. 10, 2018, 131 Stat. 2276, which amended section 10381 of this title and enacted provisions set out as notes preceding section 50101 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of Pub. L. 115–113, set out as a Short Title of 2018 Amendment note under section 10101 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796jj of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2301 of Pub. L. 90–351 was renumbered section 2601 and is classified to section 10541 of this title.

Amendments

2019—Par. (2). Pub. L. 116–32, §2(2)(A), inserted ", including any research and reports developed under the Law Enforcement Mental Health and Wellness Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–113; 131 Stat. 2276)" after "interested parties".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 116–32, §2(2)(B), inserted ", psychological services, suicide prevention," after "stress reduction".
34 U.S.C. § 10564 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XXVII / Section 10564: Use of grants
Use of grants
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A State or unit of local government that receives a grant under this subchapter shall use the grant to do any one or more of the following:

(1) To carry out all or a substantial part of a program intended to improve the quality and timeliness of forensic science or medical examiner services in the State, including such services provided by the laboratories operated by the State and those operated by units of local government within the State.

(2) To eliminate a backlog in the analysis of forensic science evidence, including firearms examination, latent prints, impression evidence, toxicology, digital evidence, fire evidence, controlled substances, forensic pathology, questionable documents, and trace evidence.

(3) To train, assist, and employ forensic laboratory personnel and medicolegal death investigators, as needed, to eliminate such a backlog.

(4) To address emerging forensic science issues (such as statistics, contextual bias, and uncertainty of measurement) and emerging forensic science technology (such as high throughput automation, statistical software, and new types of instrumentation).

(5) To educate and train forensic pathologists.

(6) To fund medicolegal death investigation systems to facilitate accreditation of medical examiner and coroner offices and certification of medicolegal death investigators.

(b) Permitted categories of funding

Subject to subsections (c) and (d), a grant awarded for the purpose set forth in subsection (a)(1)—

(1) may only be used for program expenses relating to facilities, personnel, computerization, equipment, supplies, accreditation and certification, education, and training; and

(2) may not be used for any general law enforcement or nonforensic investigatory function.

(c) Facilities costs

(1) States receiving minimum grant amount

With respect to a State that receives a grant under this subchapter (including grants received by units of local government within a State) in an amount that does not exceed 0.6 percent of the total amount made available to carry out this subchapter for a fiscal year, not more than 80 percent of the total amount of the grant may be used for the costs of any new facility constructed as part of a program described in subsection (a).

(2) Other States

With respect to a State that receives a grant under this subchapter in an amount that exceeds 0.6 percent of the total amount made available to carry out this subchapter for a fiscal year—

(A) not more than 80 percent of the amount of the grant up to that 0.6 percent may be used for the costs of any new facility constructed as part of a program described in subsection (a); and

(B) not more than 40 percent of the amount of the grant in excess of that 0.6 percent may be used for the costs of any new facility constructed as part of a program described in subsection (a).

(d) Administrative costs

Not more than 10 percent of the total amount of a grant awarded under this subchapter may be used for administrative expenses.

(e) Backlog defined

For purposes of this section, a backlog in the analysis of forensic science evidence exists if such evidence—

(1) has been stored in a laboratory, medical examiner's office, coroner's office, law enforcement storage facility, or medical facility; and

(2) has not been subjected to all appropriate forensic testing because of a lack of resources or personnel.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2804, as added Pub. L. 106–561, §2(c)(1), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2789; amended Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title V, §5001(b)(4), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §311(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2276; Pub. L. 114–324, §9(a)(3), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1955.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3797m of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–324, §9(a)(3)(A), inserted "impression evidence," after "latent prints," and "digital evidence, fire evidence," after "toxicology,".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–324, §9(a)(3)(B), inserted "and medicolegal death investigators" after "laboratory personnel".

Subsec. (a)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 114–324, §9(a)(3)(C), added pars. (4) to (6).

2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–405, §311(a)(1), substituted "shall use the grant to do any one or more of the following:

"(1) To carry out"

for "shall use the grant to carry out" and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–405, §311(a)(2), substituted "for the purpose set forth in subsection (a)(1)" for "under this subchapter" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–405, §311(a)(3), added subsec. (e).

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–273, §5001(b)(4)(A), inserted "or unit of local government" after "A State".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–273, §5001(b)(4)(B), inserted "(including grants received by units of local government within a State)" after "under this subchapter".
34 U.S.C. § 20709a (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 207 / Section 20709a: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 20709a, Pub. L. 115–392, §7, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5253, which related to holistic training for Federal law enforcement officers and prosecutors, was redesignated as section 212 of Pub. L. 109–164 and transferred to section 20712 of this title.

Section 20709b, Pub. L. 115–393, title V, §501, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5275, which related to encouraging a victim-centered approach to training of Federal law enforcement personnel, was redesignated as section 213 of Pub. L. 109–164 and transferred to section 20713 of this title.

Section 20709c, Pub. L. 115–393, title V, §504, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5277, which related to training of tribal law enforcement and prosecutorial personnel, was redesignated as section 214 of Pub. L. 109–164 and transferred to section 20714 of this title.
34 U.S.C. § 10450 (2024) — Title 34: CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Chapter 101 / Subchapter XIX / Section 10450: Costs for criminal charges and protection orders
Costs for criminal charges and protection orders
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A State, Indian tribal government, or unit of local government, shall not be entitled to funds under this subchapter unless the State, Indian tribal government, or unit of local government—

(1) certifies that its laws, policies, and practices do not require, in connection with the prosecution of any misdemeanor or felony domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking offense, or in connection with the filing, issuance, registration, modification, enforcement, dismissal, withdrawal or service of a protection order, or a petition for a protection order, to protect a victim of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, that the victim bear the costs associated with the filing of criminal charges against the offender, or the costs associated with the filing, issuance, registration, modification, enforcement, dismissal, withdrawal or service of a warrant, protection order, petition for a protection order, or witness subpoena, whether issued inside or outside the State, tribal, or local jurisdiction; or

(2) gives the Attorney General assurances that its laws, policies and practices will be in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (1) within the later of—

(A) the period ending on the date on which the next session of the State legislature ends; or

(B) 2 years after October 28, 2000.

(b) Redistribution

Funds withheld from a State, unit of local government, or Indian tribal government under subsection (a) shall be distributed to other States, units of local government, and Indian tribal government, respectively, pro rata.

(c) Definition

In this section, the term "protection order" has the meaning given the term in section 2266 of title 18.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §2011, formerly §2006, as added Pub. L. 103–322, title IV, §40121(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1915; amended Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title I, §1101(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1492; renumbered §2011, Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title IV, §402(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1789; Pub. L. 108–405, title III, §310(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2276; Pub. L. 113–4, title I, §101(5), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 69.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 3796gg–5 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2013—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–4 inserted "modification, enforcement, dismissal, withdrawal" after "registration," in two places and ", dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking" after "felony domestic violence" and substituted "victim of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking" for "victim of domestic violence, stalking, or sexual assault".

2000—Pub. L. 106–386, §1101(b)(1)(A), in section catchline, substituted "Costs" for "Filing costs" and inserted "and protection orders" after "charges".

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–386, §1101(b)(1)(B)(i), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "certifies that its laws, policies, and practices do not require, in connection with the prosecution of any misdemeanor or felony domestic violence offense, that the abused bear the costs associated with the filing of criminal charges against the domestic violence offender, or the costs associated with the issuance or service of a warrant, protection order, or witness subpoena; or".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 106–386, §1101(b)(1)(B)(ii), substituted "2 years after October 28, 2000" for "2 years".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–386, §1101(b)(1)(C), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2013 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–4 not effective until the beginning of the fiscal year following Mar. 7, 2013, see section 4 of Pub. L. 113–4, set out as a note under section 2261 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.