20 U.S.C. § 2341 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Subchapter I: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ASSISTANCE TO THE STATES / Section 2341: State administration
State administration
Status: in_force

(a) Eligible agency responsibilities

The responsibilities of an eligible agency under this subchapter shall include—

(1) coordination of the development, submission, and implementation of the State plan, and the evaluation of the program, services, and activities assisted under this subchapter, including preparation for non-traditional fields;

(2) consultation with the Governor and appropriate agencies, groups, and individuals including teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, school leaders, authorized public chartering agencies and charter school leaders (consistent with State law), employers, representatives of business (including small businesses), labor organizations, eligible recipients, local program administrators, State and local officials, Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations present in the State, parents, students, and community organizations;

(3) convening and meeting as an eligible agency (consistent with State law and procedure for the conduct of such meetings) at such time as the eligible agency determines necessary to carry out the eligible agency's responsibilities under this subchapter, but not less than 4 times annually; and

(4) the adoption of such procedures as the eligible agency considers necessary to—

(A) implement State level coordination with the activities undertaken by the State boards under section 3111 of title 29; and

(B) make available to the one-stop delivery system under section 3151 of title 29 within the State a listing of all school dropout, postsecondary education, and adult programs assisted under this subchapter.

(b) Exception

Except with respect to the responsibilities set forth in subsection (a), the eligible agency may delegate any of the other responsibilities of the eligible agency that involve the administration, operation, or supervision of activities assisted under this subchapter, in whole or in part, to 1 or more appropriate State agencies.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 715; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(2), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §121, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1599.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2341, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3102, related to State administration, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2341 and prior sections 2341a to 2341c were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2341, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §231, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 779; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §391(s)(4), (5), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4025; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(i)(1), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2172, related to distribution of funds to secondary school programs. See section 2351 of this title.

Another prior section 2341, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §251, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2455; amended Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6132, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1511, related to the uses of the portion of a State's allotment available for vocational education program improvement, innovation, and expansion, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter II of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Section 2341a, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §232, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 781; amended Pub. L. 103–208, §4, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2487; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §351(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3966; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(i)(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2172, related to distribution of funds to postsecondary and adult programs. See section 2352 of this title.

Section 2341b, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §233, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 782, related to special rule for minimal allocations. See section 2353 of this title.

Section 2341c, Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §234, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title II, §201, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 783, related to reallocations. See section 2353 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–224 substituted "teachers, faculty, specialized instructional support personnel, paraprofessionals, school leaders, authorized public chartering agencies and charter school leaders (consistent with State law), employers, representatives of business (including small businesses), labor organizations, eligible recipients, local program administrators, State and local officials, Indian Tribes or Tribal organizations present in the State, parents, students, and community organizations;" for "parents, students, teachers, teacher and faculty preparation programs, representatives of businesses (including small businesses), labor organizations, eligible recipients, State and local officials, and local program administrators, involved in the planning, administration, evaluation, and coordination of programs funded under this subchapter;".

2014—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(2)(A), substituted "activities undertaken by the State boards under section 3111 of title 29" for "activities undertaken by the State boards under section 2821 of title 29".

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 113–128, §512(e)(2)(B), substituted "the one-stop delivery system under section 3151 of title 29" for "the service delivery system under section 2841 of title 29".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
20 U.S.C. § 3701 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 50: NATIONAL CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE / Section 3701: National Afro-American History and Culture Commission
National Afro-American History and Culture Commission
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment and membership

There is established a commission to be known as the National Afro-American History and Culture Commission (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Commission") which shall be composed of fifteen members, as specified in section 3702 of this title.

(b) Duties

The Commission shall have the following duties:

(1) The Commission shall be responsible for the development of a definitive plan for the construction and operation of the National Center for the Study of Afro-American History and Culture and shall submit the plan, together with any recommendations for additional legislation, to the President of the United States and the Congress not later than twenty-four months after October 10, 1980. The plan shall include, but not be limited to, identification of—

(A) the main objectives to be achieved by the establishment, development, and operation of the National Center for the Study of Afro-American History and Culture;

(B) the types of uses, both public and private, to be accommodated by such a center;

(C) the criteria and recommendations for the design and appearance of such a center;

(D) the proposed ownership and operation of the center;

(E) the criteria and recommendations for interpretive, cultural, and educational programs and uses of the center;

(F) the areas where cooperative agreements might be developed between the center and Afro-American institutions, organizations, and universities to enhance their programs and projects relating to the knowledge, preservation, and presentation of the history and culture of Afro-Americans;

(G) the estimates of costs, both public and private, for implementing the plan; and

(H) the procedures to be used in implementing the plan.

(2)(A) The Commission shall solicit subscriptions of funds from private and public sources to help meet the costs of carrying out its duties under this section; the costs of the construction, furnishing, and operation of the center; the costs of research programs and research staff positions, and reasonable administrative costs which may include, subject to the availability of funds, payment to members of the Commission of travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in the same manner as persons employed intermittently in the Government service are allowed expenses under section 5703 of title 5. Any funds so received by the Commission shall be placed in a special deposit account with the Treasurer of the United States, and may be expended by the Commission only to meet the costs specified in this subparagraph.

(B) The General Services Administration, the Smithsonian Institution, and other agencies of the Government may donate or loan to the Commission for the purposes of the center any works of art, artifacts, or other materials under their control.

(c) Acquisition and disposal of property

For the purpose of carrying out this chapter, the Commission may—

(1) acquire by gift, purchase with appropriated or donated funds (including funds from State or local sources), transfer from any Federal or State agency, exchange, or otherwise, suitable land (together with any buildings or other improvements thereon) and interest in land in the vicinity of Wilberforce, Ohio, for the location of the headquarters of the center;

(2) borrow or acquire by gift, purchase with appropriated or donated funds (including funds from State or local sources), or otherwise, any other real or personal property necessary for the establishment and operation of the center; and

(3) sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of any property acquired under this subsection and designate any proceeds from such disposal for the benefit of the center.

(Pub. L. 96–430, title II, §202, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1846.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 96–430, title II, §201, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1846, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'National Center for the Study of Afro-American History and Culture Act'."
20 U.S.C. § 8351 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter X: PROGRAMS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE / Section 8351: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section 8351, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999B, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–76, set forth purpose of part.

A prior section 8351, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10993, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3863, related to extended time for learning and longer school year, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §301(c)(3)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–410.

Section 8352, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999C, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–77, set forth findings.

Section 8353, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999D, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–77, authorized program.

Section 8354, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999E, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–78, related to applications and program elements.

Section 8355, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999F, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–78, related to proportionality.

Section 8356, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999G, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–78, related to participation of private school students and home-schooled students.

Section 8357, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999H, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–78, required report for continued funding.

Section 8358, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999I, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–78, required report to Congress.

Section 8359, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999J, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–79, related to administrative costs.

Section 8360, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999K, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–79, related to Federal share and supplementing, not supplanting, funds.

Section 8361, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10999L, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VII, §701], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–79, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 7424 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VI: INDIAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN, AND ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION / Section 7424: Applications
Applications
Status: in_force

(a) Application required

Each entity described in section 7422(a) of this title that desires to receive a grant under this subpart shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(b) Comprehensive program required

Each application submitted under subsection (a) shall include a description of a comprehensive program for meeting the needs of Indian children served by the local educational agency, including the language and cultural needs of the children, that—

(1) describes how the comprehensive program will offer programs and activities to meet the culturally related academic needs of Indian students;

(2)(A) is consistent with the State, tribal, and local plans submitted under other provisions of this chapter; and

(B) includes program objectives and outcomes for activities under this subpart that are based on the same challenging State academic standards developed by the State under subchapter I for all students;

(3) explains how the grantee will use funds made available under this subpart to supplement other Federal, State, and local programs that meet the needs of Indian students;

(4) demonstrates how funds made available under this subpart will be used for activities described in section 7425 of this title;

(5) describes the professional development opportunities that will be provided, as needed, to ensure that—

(A) teachers and other school professionals who are new to the Indian community are prepared to work with Indian children; and

(B) all teachers who will be involved in programs assisted under this subpart have been properly trained to carry out such programs;

(6) describes how the local educational agency—

(A) will periodically assess the progress of all Indian children enrolled in the schools of the local educational agency, including Indian children who do not participate in programs assisted under this subpart, in meeting the goals described in paragraph (2);

(B) will provide the results of each assessment referred to in subparagraph (A) to—

(i) the committee described in subsection (c)(4);

(ii) the community served by the local educational agency; and

(iii) the Indian tribes whose children are served by the local educational agency, consistent with section 1232g of this title (commonly referred to as the "Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974"); and

(C) is responding to findings of any previous assessments that are similar to the assessments described in subparagraph (A); and

(7) describes the process the local educational agency used to meaningfully collaborate with Indian tribes located in the community in a timely, active, and ongoing manner in the development of the comprehensive program and the actions taken as a result of such collaboration.

(c) Assurances

Each application submitted under subsection (a) shall include assurances that—

(1) the local educational agency will use funds received under this subpart only to supplement the funds that, in the absence of the Federal funds made available under this subpart, such agency would make available for services described in this subsection, and not to supplant such funds;

(2) the local educational agency will prepare and submit to the Secretary such reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Secretary may require to—

(A) carry out the functions of the Secretary under this subpart;

(B) determine the extent to which activities carried out with funds provided to the local educational agency under this subpart are effective in improving the educational achievement of Indian students served by such agency, and meet program objectives and outcomes for activities under this subpart; and

(C) determine the extent to which such activities by the local educational agency address the unique cultural, language, and educational needs of Indian students;

(3) the program for which assistance is sought—

(A) is based on a comprehensive local assessment and prioritization of the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of the Indian students for whom the local educational agency is providing an education;

(B) will use the best available talents and resources, including individuals from the Indian community; and

(C) was developed by such agency in open consultation with parents of Indian children and teachers, representatives of Indian tribes on Indian lands located within 50 miles of any school that the agency will serve if such tribes have any children in such school, Indian organizations, and, if appropriate, Indian students from secondary schools, including through public hearings held by such agency to provide to the individuals described in this subparagraph a full opportunity to understand the program and to offer recommendations regarding the program;

(4) the local educational agency developed the program with the participation and written approval of a committee—

(A) that is composed of, and selected by—

(i) parents and family members of Indian children in the local educational agency's schools;

(ii) representatives of Indian tribes on Indian lands located within 50 miles of any school that the agency will serve if such tribes have any children in such school;

(iii) teachers in the schools; and

(iv) if appropriate, Indian students attending secondary schools of the agency;

(B) a majority of whose members are parents and family members of Indian children;

(C) with respect to an application describing a schoolwide program in accordance with section 7425(c) of this title, that has—

(i) reviewed in a timely fashion the program;

(ii) determined that the program will not diminish the availability of culturally related activities for Indian students; and

(iii) determined that the program will directly enhance the educational experience of Indian students; and

(D) that has adopted reasonable bylaws for the conduct of the activities of the committee and abides by such bylaws;

(5) the local educational agency will coordinate activities under this subchapter with other Federal programs supporting educational and related services administered by such agency;

(6) the local educational agency conducted outreach to parents and family members to meet the requirements under this paragraph;

(7) the local educational agency will use funds received under this subpart only for activities described and authorized in this subpart; and

(8) the local educational agency has set forth such policies and procedures, including policies and procedures relating to the hiring of personnel, as will ensure that the program for which assistance is sought will be operated and evaluated in consultation with, and with the involvement of, parents and family members of the children, and representatives of the area, to be served.

(d) Technical assistance

The Secretary shall, directly or by contract, provide technical assistance to a local educational agency or Bureau of Indian Education school upon request (in addition to any technical assistance available under other provisions of this chapter or available through the Institute of Education Sciences) to support the services and activities provided under this subpart, including technical assistance for—

(1) the development of applications under this subpart, including identifying eligible entities that have not applied for such grants and undertaking appropriate activities to encourage such entities to apply for grants under this subpart;

(2) improvement in the quality of implementation, content, and evaluation of activities supported under this subpart; and

(3) integration of activities under this subpart with other educational activities carried out by the local educational agency.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6114, formerly title VII, §7114, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1910, renumbered title VI, §6114, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §§6001(a), (b)(1), (4), §6002(f), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, 2049.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7424, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7114, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3721, related to comprehensive school grants, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(1), substituted "Each entity described in section 7422(a) of this title" for "Each local educational agency".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(2)(A), substituted "Indian" for "American Indian and Alaska Native".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(2)(B)(i), substituted "is consistent with the State, tribal, and local plans" for "is consistent with the State and local plans".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(2)(B)(ii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "includes academic content and student academic achievement goals for such children, and benchmarks for attaining such goals, that are based on the challenging State academic content and student academic achievement standards adopted under subchapter I of this chapter for all children;".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(2)(C), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "explains how Federal, State, and local programs, especially programs carried out under subchapter I of this chapter, will meet the needs of such students;".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 114–95, §6001(b)(4)(A), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7425 of this title.

Subsec. (b)(6)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(2)(E)(i), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(2)(D), (E)(ii), (F), added par. (7).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(A), substituted "for services described in this subsection," for "for the education of Indian children,".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(B)(ii), substituted "served by such agency, and meet program objectives and outcomes for activities under this subpart; and" for "served by such agency;".

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(B)(i), (iii), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(C)(i), substituted "Indian" for "American Indian and Alaska Native".

Subsec. (c)(3)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(C)(ii), inserted "representatives of Indian tribes on Indian lands located within 50 miles of any school that the agency will serve if such tribes have any children in such school, Indian organizations," after "parents of Indian children and teachers," and struck out "and" after semicolon.

Subsec. (c)(4)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(i)(I), inserted "and family members" after "parents".

Subsec. (c)(4)(A)(ii) to (iv). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(i)(II), (III), added cl. (ii) and redesignated former cls. (ii) and (iii) as (iii) and (iv), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(4)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(ii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "a majority of whose members are parents of Indian children;".

Subsec. (c)(4)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(iii), (iv), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "that has set forth such policies and procedures, including policies and procedures relating to the hiring of personnel, as will ensure that the program for which assistance is sought will be operated and evaluated in consultation with, and with the involvement of, parents of the children, and representatives of the area, to be served;".

Subsec. (c)(4)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(v)(II), substituted "Indian" for "American Indian and Alaska Native".

Subsec. (c)(4)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(v)(I), (III), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (c)(4)(D). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(iv), (vi), redesignated subpar. (E) as (D) and substituted semicolon for period at end. Former subpar. (D) redesignated (C).

Pub. L. 114–95, §6001(b)(4)(B), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text of introductory provisions as reference to section 7425(c) of this title.

Subsec. (c)(4)(E). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(D)(iv), redesignated subpar. (E) as (D).

Subsec. (c)(5) to (8). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(3)(E), added pars. (5) to (8).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(f)(4), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1087a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1087a: Program authority
Program authority
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There are hereby made available, in accordance with the provisions of this part, such sums as may be necessary (1) to make loans to all eligible students (and the eligible parents of such students) in attendance at participating institutions of higher education selected by the Secretary, to enable such students to pursue their courses of study at such institutions during the period beginning July 1, 1994; and (2) for purchasing loans under section 1087i–1 of this title. Loans made under this part shall be made by participating institutions, or consortia thereof, that have agreements with the Secretary to originate loans, or by alternative originators designated by the Secretary to make loans for students in attendance at participating institutions (and their parents).

(b) Designation

(1) Program

The program established under this part shall be referred to as the "William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program".

(2) Direct loans

Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, loans made to borrowers under this part that, except as otherwise specified in this part, have the same terms, conditions, and benefits as loans made to borrowers under section 1078 of this title, shall be known as "Federal Direct Stafford/Ford Loans".

(c) Maximum aid

The maximum dollar amount of financial assistance provided under this part to a student shall not exceed the cost of attendance for such student.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §451, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §404, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1437; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §451, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 103–66, title IV, §4021, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 341; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §358A, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3968; Pub. L. 110–227, §7(a), May 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, §702(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3138.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1087a, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §451, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title I, §141, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1031; amended Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §136(a), (b)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 272, authorized appropriations for cooperative education programs from the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, through the fiscal year ending prior to July 1, 1975, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §129(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2144, eff. 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260 added subsec. (c).

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–227, in first sentence, inserted "(1)" before "to make loans" and "; and (2) for purchasing loans under section 1087i–1 of this title" before period at end and, in second sentence, substituted "Loans made under this part shall" for "Such loans shall".

1994—Pub. L. 103–382 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), added heading, and added subsec. (b).

1993—Pub. L. 103–66 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to program authority for former provisions relating to program and payment authority.

1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to program and payment authority for Federal direct loan demonstration program for former provisions relating to statement of purpose of income contingent direct loan demonstration project.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective July 1, 2024, except as otherwise expressly provided, and applicable with respect to award year 2024–2025 and each subsequent award year, as determined under this chapter, see section 701(b) of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Income Contingent Loan Distribution of Funds

Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §452, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 575, provided that:

"(a) In General.—After September 30, 1992, and not later than March 31, 1992, the capital balance of the student loan fund established under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.] (as such Act was in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [July 23, 1992]) shall be distributed by allowing institutions to transfer any remaining funds, including future collections and all other funds at the institution's discretion, to such institution's part E [20 U.S.C. 1087aa et seq.] account, part C [20 U.S.C. 1087–51 et seq.] fund, or subpart 3 of part A [20 U.S.C. 1070b et seq.] fund under the terms and conditions of the appropriate program.

"(b) Conversion of Existing Loans.—Institutions may, after July 1, 1992, convert all outstanding loans made under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.] (as such Act was in effect on such date) to part E [20 U.S.C. 1087aa et seq.] loans, provided that such institution—

"(1) notify the borrower of such conversion;

"(2) obtain a signed part E promissory note from the borrower for the remaining amount outstanding; and

"(3) provide the borrower in writing with a description of all terms and conditions of the new loan."
20 U.S.C. § 888 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter V: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 888: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(e)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 173
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(e)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 173
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 90–247, §2, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 783, which was not enacted as part of Pub. L. 89–10 which comprised this subchapter, provided for citation of authority and uniform application of rules and regulations.
20 U.S.C. § 1481 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1481: Comprehensive plan for parts B and C
Comprehensive plan for parts B and C
Status: in_force

(a) Comprehensive plan

(1) In general

After receiving input from interested individuals with relevant expertise, the Secretary shall develop and implement a comprehensive plan for activities carried out under parts B and C in order to enhance the provision of early intervention services, educational services, related services, and transitional services to children with disabilities under subchapters II and III. To the extent practicable, the plan shall be coordinated with the plan developed pursuant to section 9567b(c) of this title 1 and shall include mechanisms to address early intervention, educational, related service and transitional needs identified by State educational agencies in applications submitted for State personnel development grants under part A and for grants under parts B and C.

(2) Public comment

The Secretary shall provide a public comment period of not less than 45 days on the plan.

(3) Distribution of funds

In implementing the plan, the Secretary shall, to the extent appropriate, ensure that funds awarded under parts B and C are used to carry out activities that benefit, directly or indirectly, children with the full range of disabilities and of all ages.

(4) Reports to Congress

The Secretary shall annually report to Congress on the Secretary's activities under parts B and C, including an initial report not later than 12 months after December 3, 2004.

(b) Assistance authorized

The Secretary is authorized to award grants to, or enter into contracts or cooperative agreements with, eligible entities to enable the eligible entities to carry out the purposes of such parts in accordance with the comprehensive plan described in subsection (a).

(c) Special populations

(1) Application requirement

In making an award of a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under part B or C, the Secretary shall, as appropriate, require an eligible entity to demonstrate how the eligible entity will address the needs of children with disabilities from minority backgrounds.

(2) Required outreach and technical assistance

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary shall reserve not less than 2 percent of the total amount of funds appropriated to carry out parts B and C for either or both of the following activities:

(A) Providing outreach and technical assistance to historically Black colleges and universities, and to institutions of higher education with minority enrollments of not less than 25 percent, to promote the participation of such colleges, universities, and institutions in activities under this part.

(B) Enabling historically Black colleges and universities, and the institutions described in subparagraph (A), to assist other colleges, universities, institutions, and agencies in improving educational and transitional results for children with disabilities, if the historically Black colleges and universities and the institutions of higher education described in subparagraph (A) meet the criteria established by the Secretary under this part.

(d) Priorities

The Secretary, in making an award of a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under part B or C, may, without regard to the rulemaking procedures under section 553 of title 5, limit competitions to, or otherwise give priority to—

(1) projects that address 1 or more—

(A) age ranges;

(B) disabilities;

(C) school grades;

(D) types of educational placements or early intervention environments;

(E) types of services;

(F) content areas, such as reading; or

(G) effective strategies for helping children with disabilities learn appropriate behavior in the school and other community based educational settings;

(2) projects that address the needs of children based on the severity or incidence of their disability;

(3) projects that address the needs of—

(A) low achieving students;

(B) underserved populations;

(C) children from low income families;

(D) limited English proficient children;

(E) unserved and underserved areas;

(F) rural or urban areas;

(G) children whose behavior interferes with their learning and socialization;

(H) children with reading difficulties;

(I) children in public charter schools;

(J) children who are gifted and talented; or

(K) children with disabilities served by local educational agencies that receive payments under title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.];

(4) projects to reduce inappropriate identification of children as children with disabilities, particularly among minority children;

(5) projects that are carried out in particular areas of the country, to ensure broad geographic coverage;

(6) projects that promote the development and use of technologies with universal design, assistive technology devices, and assistive technology services to maximize children with disabilities' access to and participation in the general education curriculum; and

(7) any activity that is authorized in part B or C.

(e) Eligibility for financial assistance

No State or local educational agency, or other public institution or agency, may receive a grant or enter into a contract or cooperative agreement under part B or C that relates exclusively to programs, projects, and activities pertaining to children aged 3 through 5, inclusive, unless the State is eligible to receive a grant under section 1419(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §681, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2795; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(ss)(11), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2183.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 9567b(c) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the original "section 178(c) of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002", meaning section 178(c) of Pub. L. 107–279, which was translated as reading section 177(c) of Pub. L. 107–279, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because Pub. L. 107–279 does not contain a section 178 and section 177(c) of that Act requires development of a plan.

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(K), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27. Title VII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter VII (§7701 et seq.) of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1481, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §681, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 146, related to congressional findings and purposes for subpart 2 of part B of former subchapter IV of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1481, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §681, as added Pub. L. 99–457, title I, §101(a), Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1152; amended Pub. L. 100–630, title I, §108(j), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3302; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(b)(181), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 102–119, §25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607, related to nonsubstitution of funds to pay for services which would have been paid for from another source and construction of such provisions so as not to reduce other benefits, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–17, title II, §203(b), June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 157, effective July 1, 1998.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (d)(3)(K). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "payments under title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965;" for "payments under title VIII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965;".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 1226b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter II: APPROPRIATIONS AND EVALUATIONS / Section 1226b: Responsibility of States to furnish information
Responsibility of States to furnish information
Status: in_force

(a) Biennial reports; contents

Each State educational agency shall submit to the Secretary a report on or before March 15 of every second year. Each such report shall include—

(1) information with respect to the uses of Federal funds in such State in the two preceding fiscal years under any applicable program under the jurisdiction of the State educational agency; and

(2) information with respect to the uses of Federal funds in such State in the two preceding fiscal years under any Federal program administered by the State that provided grants or contracts to a local educational agency in the State.

(b) Additional contents

Each report submitted under subsection (a) shall—

(1) list, with respect to each program for which information is provided, all grants made to and contracts entered into with local educational agencies and other public and private agencies and institutions within the State during each fiscal year concerned;

(2) analyze the information included in the report by local educational agency and by program;

(3) include the total amount of funds available to the State under each such program for each fiscal year concerned; and

(4) be made readily available by the State to local educational agencies and institutions within the State and to the public.

(c) Delinquent or incomplete reports

If the Secretary does not receive a report by the date required under subsection (a), or receives an incomplete report, the Secretary, not later than 30 days after such report is required to be submitted, shall take all reasonable measures to obtain the delinquent or incomplete information from the State educational agency.

(d) Availability of information

When the Secretary receives a report required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide such information to the National Center for Education Statistics, and shall make such information available, at a reasonable cost, to any individual who requests such information.

(e) Congressional telecommunications network

The Secretary shall consult with the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House of Representatives and the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate regarding the costs and feasibility of making the information described in subsection (a) available as part of a telecommunications network that is readily accessible to every member of Congress and other interested parties.

(f) Reports by Secretary

On or before August 15 of each year in which reports are submitted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate. Such report shall include—

(1) an analysis of the content and data quality of such reports;

(2) a compilation of statistical data derived from such reports; and

(3) information obtained by the Secretary with respect to—

(A) direct grants made to local educational agencies by the Federal Government; and

(B) contracts entered into between such agencies and the Federal Government.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §424, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §234, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3915.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in subsecs. (a), (b), and (f) of this section were contained in section 1221e–1a of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

A prior section 1226b, Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §416, as added Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §506(a)(3)(C), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 563, related to program planning and evaluation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §212(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913.

A prior section 424 of Pub. L. 90–247 was classified to section 1231b–1 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382.

Another prior section 424 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 433, and is classified to section 1231c of this title.

Another prior section 424 of Pub. L. 90–247 was renumbered section 434, and was classified to section 1232c of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–561.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Labor and Human Resources of Senate changed to Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of Senate by Senate Resolution No. 20, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 19, 1999.
20 U.S.C. § 6871 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter III: LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS / Section 6871: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-95, title III, §3001(2)(C), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-95, title III, §3001(2)(C), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3141, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1706, defined "eligible entity".

A prior section 6871, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3151, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3652, related to educational technology product development, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 3141 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6861 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Prior sections 6891 to 6894 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title III, §3001(3), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1953, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6891, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3201, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1706, provided that former part B of this subchapter could be cited as the "Improving Language Instruction Educational Programs For Academic Achievement Act".

A prior section 6891, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3201, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3654, set out short title of the Star Schools Act, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6892, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3202, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1707, related to purpose of former part B of this subchapter.

A prior section 6892, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3202, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3654, set forth findings relating to the Star Schools Program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6893, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3203, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1707, related to Native American children in school.

A prior section 6893, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3203, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3655, set forth purpose of the Star Schools Program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6894, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3204, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1707, related to residents of the territories and freely associated states.

A prior section 6894, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3204, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3655, authorized grants, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Prior sections 6895 to 6900 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6895, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3205, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3656, related to eligible entities.

Section 6896, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3206, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3657, related to applications for grants.

Section 6897, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3207, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3660, related to leadership and evaluation activities.

Section 6898, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3208, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3661, defined terms.

Section 6899, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3209, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3661, set forth administrative provisions.

Section 6900, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3210, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3661, related to other assistance.

Prior sections 6911 to 6918 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title III, §3001(3), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1953, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6911, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3211, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1707, related to financial assistance for language instruction educational programs.

Section 6912, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3212, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1708, related to program enhancement activities.

Section 6913, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3213, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1709, related to comprehensive school and systemwide improvement activities.

Section 6914, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3214, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1712, related to grant applications.

Section 6915, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3215, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1716, related to capacity building.

Section 6916, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3216, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1716, related to programs for Native Americans and Puerto Rico.

Section 6917, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3217, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1716, related to evaluations.

Section 6918, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3218, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1717, set out rule of construction.

Prior sections 6921 to 6928, which comprised former part C of this subchapter, were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6921, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3301, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3663, related to Ready-to-Learn television.

A prior section 3301 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 3201 and is classified to section 7011 of this title.

Section 6922, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3302, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3663, related to educational programming.

Section 6923, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3303, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3664, set forth duties of Secretary.

A prior section 3303 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 3202 and is classified to section 7013 of this title.

Section 6924, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3304, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3665, related to applications.

A prior section 3304 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 3203 and is classified to section 7014 of this title.

Section 6925, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3305, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3665, related to reports and evaluation of program activities.

Section 6926, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3306, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3665, related to administrative costs.

Section 6927, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3307, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3665, defined "distance learning".

Section 6928, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3308, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3666, authorized appropriations.

Prior sections 6931 to 6935 and 6951 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title III, §3001(3), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1953, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6931, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3221, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1717, related to authority of the Secretary.

Section 6932, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3222, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1717; amended Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §404(d)(5)(A), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1986, related to research.

Section 6933, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3223, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1718, related to academic excellence awards.

Section 6934, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3224, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1719, related to State grant program.

Section 6935, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3225, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1720, related to instruction materials development.

Section 6951, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3231, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1720, related to professional development grants.

A prior section 6951, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3401, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3666, authorized a national telecommunications-based demonstration project to improve the teaching of mathematics, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Prior sections 6952 and 6953 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6952, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3402, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3666, required application for demonstration project grant.

Section 6953, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3403, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3666, authorized appropriations.

Prior sections 6961 to 6968 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title III, §3001(3), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1953, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6961, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3241, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1723, related to purpose of former subpart 4 of part B of this subchapter.

Section 6962, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3242, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1723, related to State administrative costs.

Section 6963, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3243, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1724, related to withholding of funds.

Section 6964, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3244, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1724, related to State allotments.

Section 6965, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3245, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1725, related to State applications.

Section 6966, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3246, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1727, related to administrative provisions.

Section 6967, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3247, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1727, related to uses of funds.

Section 6968, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3248, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1728, related to reports.

Prior sections 6971 to 6979 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6971, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3501, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3667, set forth short title of the Elementary Mathematics and Science Equipment Act.

Section 6972, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3502, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3667, stated purpose of former provisions.

Section 6973, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3503, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3667, authorized program for the provision of equipment and materials to elementary schools to improve mathematics and science education.

Section 6974, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3504, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3667, related to allotments of funds.

Section 6975, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3505, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3668, related to State application for an allotment.

Section 6976, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3506, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3669, related to local application for a grant.

Section 6977, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3507, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3670, set forth program requirements.

Section 6978, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3508, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3670, related to Federal administration of programs.

Section 6979, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3509, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3671, authorized appropriations.

Prior sections 6981 to 6983 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title III, §3001(3), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1953, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6981, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3251, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1728, related to professional release time.

Section 6982, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3252, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1728, related to notification of awards.

Section 6983, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3253, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1728, related to coordination and reporting requirements.

A prior section 7001, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3601, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVII, §1711], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–337, related to limitation on availability of certain funds for schools, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 7001 and prior sections 7002 to 7005 were repealed by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §708(e)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–312.

Section 7001, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3601, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3671, authorized elementary and secondary school library media resources program.

Section 7002, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3602, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3671, related to allocation of funds to States.

Section 7003, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3603, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3671, required State plans meeting certain criteria.

Section 7004, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3604, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3672, related to distribution of allocations to local educational agencies.

Section 7005, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3605, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3672, authorized appropriations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6801 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter III: LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS / Section 6801: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—

(1) $756,332,450 for fiscal year 2017;

(2) $769,568,267 for fiscal year 2018;

(3) $784,959,633 for fiscal year 2019; and

(4) $884,959,633 for fiscal year 2020.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3001, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1689; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title III, §3002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6801, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3101, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3636, set out Short Title of prior subchapter III as the Technology for Education Act of 1994, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 3001 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3021 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to authorizations of appropriations, conditions on effectiveness of parts A and B of this subchapter, and references to parts A and B of this subchapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9901 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 79: STEM-TRAINING GRANT PROGRAM / Section 9901: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to replicate and implement programs at institutions of higher education that provide integrated courses of study in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics, and teacher education, that lead to a baccalaureate degree in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics with concurrent teacher certification.

(Pub. L. 111–358, title V, §551, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4021.)
20 U.S.C. § 1021 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT / Section 1021: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Arts and sciences

The term "arts and sciences" means—

(A) when referring to an organizational unit of an institution of higher education, any academic unit that offers one or more academic majors in disciplines or content areas corresponding to the academic subject matter areas in which teachers provide instruction; and

(B) when referring to a specific academic subject area, the disciplines or content areas in which academic majors are offered by the arts and sciences organizational unit.

(2) Children from low-income families

The term "children from low-income families" means children described in section 6333(c)(1)(A) of this title.

(3) Core academic subjects

The term "core academic subjects" means English, reading or language arts, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography.

(4) Early childhood educator

The term "early childhood educator" means an individual with primary responsibility for the education of children in an early childhood education program.

(5) Educational service agency

The term "educational service agency" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(6) Eligible partnership

Except as otherwise provided in section 1034 of this title, the term "eligible partnership" means an entity that—

(A) shall include—

(i) a high-need local educational agency;

(ii)(I) a high-need school or a consortium of high-need schools served by the high-need local educational agency; or

(II) as applicable, a high-need early childhood education program;

(iii) a partner institution;

(iv) a school, department, or program of education within such partner institution, which may include an existing teacher professional development program with proven outcomes within a four-year institution of higher education that provides intensive and sustained collaboration between faculty and local educational agencies consistent with the requirements of this subchapter; and

(v) a school or department of arts and sciences within such partner institution; and

(B) may include any of the following:

(i) The Governor of the State.

(ii) The State educational agency.

(iii) The State board of education.

(iv) The State agency for higher education.

(v) A business.

(vi) A public or private nonprofit educational organization.

(vii) An educational service agency.

(viii) A teacher organization.

(ix) A high-performing local educational agency, or a consortium of such local educational agencies, that can serve as a resource to the partnership.

(x) A charter school (as defined in section 7221i of this title).

(xi) A school or department within the partner institution that focuses on psychology and human development.

(xii) A school or department within the partner institution with comparable expertise in the disciplines of teaching, learning, and child and adolescent development.

(xiii) An entity operating a program that provides alternative routes to State certification of teachers.

(7) Essential components of reading instruction

The term "essential components of reading instruction" has the meaning given the term in section 6368 of this title as such section was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015.

(8) Exemplary teacher

The term "exemplary teacher" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title as such section was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015.

(9) High-need early childhood education program

The term "high-need early childhood education program" means an early childhood education program serving children from low-income families that is located within the geographic area served by a high-need local educational agency.

(10) High-need local educational agency

The term "high-need local educational agency" means a local educational agency—

(A)(i) for which not less than 20 percent of the children served by the agency are children from low-income families;

(ii) that serves not fewer than 10,000 children from low-income families;

(iii) that meets the eligibility requirements for funding under the Small, Rural School Achievement Program under section 7345(b) of this title; or

(iv) that meets the eligibility requirements for funding under the Rural and Low-Income School Program under section 7351(b) of this title; and

(B)(i) for which there is a high percentage of teachers not teaching in the academic subject areas or grade levels in which the teachers were trained to teach; or

(ii) for which there is a high teacher turnover rate or a high percentage of teachers with emergency, provisional, or temporary certification or licensure.

(11) High-need school

(A) In general

The term "high-need school" means a school that, based on the most recent data available, meets one or both of the following:

(i) The school is in the highest quartile of schools in a ranking of all schools served by a local educational agency, ranked in descending order by percentage of students from low-income families enrolled in such schools, as determined by the local educational agency based on one of the following measures of poverty:

(I) The percentage of students aged 5 through 17 in poverty counted in the most recent census data approved by the Secretary.

(II) The percentage of students eligible for a free or reduced price school lunch under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act [42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.].

(III) The percentage of students in families receiving assistance under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.].

(IV) The percentage of students eligible to receive medical assistance under the Medicaid program.

(V) A composite of two or more of the measures described in subclauses (I) through (IV).

(ii) In the case of—

(I) an elementary school, the school serves students not less than 60 percent of whom are eligible for a free or reduced price school lunch under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act; or

(II) any other school that is not an elementary school, the other school serves students not less than 45 percent of whom are eligible for a free or reduced price school lunch under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act.

(B) Special rule

(i) Designation by the Secretary

The Secretary may, upon approval of an application submitted by an eligible partnership seeking a grant under this subchapter, designate a school that does not qualify as a high-need school under subparagraph (A) as a high-need school for the purpose of this subchapter. The Secretary shall base the approval of an application for designation of a school under this clause on a consideration of the information required under clause (ii), and may also take into account other information submitted by the eligible partnership.

(ii) Application requirements

An application for designation of a school under clause (i) shall include—

(I) the number and percentage of students attending such school who are—

(aa) aged 5 through 17 in poverty counted in the most recent census data approved by the Secretary;

(bb) eligible for a free or reduced price school lunch under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act;

(cc) in families receiving assistance under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act; or

(dd) eligible to receive medical assistance under the Medicaid program;

(II) information about the student academic achievement of students at such school; and

(III) for a secondary school, the graduation rate for such school.

(12) Highly competent

The term "highly competent", when used with respect to an early childhood educator, means an educator—

(A) with specialized education and training in development and education of young children from birth until entry into kindergarten;

(B) with—

(i) a baccalaureate degree in an academic major in the arts and sciences; or

(ii) an associate's degree in a related educational area; and

(C) who has demonstrated a high level of knowledge and use of content and pedagogy in the relevant areas associated with quality early childhood education.

(13) Repealed. Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9214(c)(1)(A), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2161

(14) Induction program

The term "induction program" means a formalized program for new teachers during not less than the teachers' first two years of teaching that is designed to provide support for, and improve the professional performance and advance the retention in the teaching field of, beginning teachers. Such program shall promote effective teaching skills and shall include the following components:

(A) High-quality teacher mentoring.

(B) Periodic, structured time for collaboration with teachers in the same department or field, including mentor teachers, as well as time for information-sharing among teachers, principals, administrators, other appropriate instructional staff, and participating faculty in the partner institution.

(C) The application of empirically-based practice and scientifically valid research on instructional practices.

(D) Opportunities for new teachers to draw directly on the expertise of teacher mentors, faculty, and researchers to support the integration of empirically-based practice and scientifically valid research with practice.

(E) The development of skills in instructional and behavioral interventions derived from empirically-based practice and, where applicable, scientifically valid research.

(F) Faculty who—

(i) model the integration of research and practice in the classroom; and

(ii) assist new teachers with the effective use and integration of technology in the classroom.

(G) Interdisciplinary collaboration among exemplary teachers, faculty, researchers, and other staff who prepare new teachers with respect to the learning process and the assessment of learning.

(H) Assistance with the understanding of data, particularly student achievement data, and the applicability of such data in classroom instruction.

(I) Regular and structured observation and evaluation of new teachers by multiple evaluators, using valid and reliable measures of teaching skills.

(15) Limited English proficient

The term "limited English proficient" has the meaning given the term "English learner" in section 7801 of this title.

(16) Parent

The term "parent" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(17) Partner institution

The term "partner institution" means an institution of higher education, which may include a two-year institution of higher education offering a dual program with a four-year institution of higher education, participating in an eligible partnership that has a teacher preparation program—

(A) whose graduates exhibit strong performance on State-determined qualifying assessments for new teachers through—

(i) demonstrating that 80 percent or more of the graduates of the program who intend to enter the field of teaching have passed all of the applicable State qualification assessments for new teachers, which shall include an assessment of each prospective teacher's subject matter knowledge in the content area in which the teacher intends to teach; or

(ii) being ranked among the highest-performing teacher preparation programs in the State as determined by the State—

(I) using criteria consistent with the requirements for the State report card under section 1022d(b) of this title before the first publication of such report card; and

(II) using the State report card on teacher preparation required under section 1022d(b) of this title, after the first publication of such report card and for every year thereafter; and

(B) that requires—

(i) each student in the program to meet high academic standards or demonstrate a record of success, as determined by the institution (including prior to entering and being accepted into a program), and participate in intensive clinical experience;

(ii) each student in the program preparing to become a teacher who meets the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title; and

(iii) each student in the program preparing to become an early childhood educator to meet degree requirements, as established by the State, and become highly competent.

(18) Principles of scientific research

The term "principles of scientific research" means principles of research that—

(A) apply rigorous, systematic, and objective methodology to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs;

(B) present findings and make claims that are appropriate to, and supported by, the methods that have been employed; and

(C) include, appropriate to the research being conducted—

(i) use of systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or experiment;

(ii) use of data analyses that are adequate to support the general findings;

(iii) reliance on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable and generalizable findings;

(iv) strong claims of causal relationships, only with research designs that eliminate plausible competing explanations for observed results, such as, but not limited to, random-assignment experiments;

(v) presentation of studies and methods in sufficient detail and clarity to allow for replication or, at a minimum, to offer the opportunity to build systematically on the findings of the research;

(vi) acceptance by a peer-reviewed journal or critique by a panel of independent experts through a comparably rigorous, objective, and scientific review; and

(vii) consistency of findings across multiple studies or sites to support the generality of results and conclusions.

(19) Professional development

The term "professional development" has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title.

(20) Scientifically valid research

The term "scientifically valid research" includes applied research, basic research, and field-initiated research in which the rationale, design, and interpretation are soundly developed in accordance with principles of scientific research.

(21) Teacher mentoring

The term "teacher mentoring" means the mentoring of new or prospective teachers through a program that—

(A) includes clear criteria for the selection of teacher mentors who will provide role model relationships for mentees, which criteria shall be developed by the eligible partnership and based on measures of teacher effectiveness;

(B) provides high-quality training for such mentors, including instructional strategies for literacy instruction and classroom management (including approaches that improve the schoolwide climate for learning, which may include positive behavioral interventions and supports);

(C) provides regular and ongoing opportunities for mentors and mentees to observe each other's teaching methods in classroom settings during the day in a high-need school in the high-need local educational agency in the eligible partnership;

(D) provides paid release time for mentors, as applicable;

(E) provides mentoring to each mentee by a colleague who teaches in the same field, grade, or subject as the mentee;

(F) promotes empirically-based practice of, and scientifically valid research on, where applicable—

(i) teaching and learning;

(ii) assessment of student learning;

(iii) the development of teaching skills through the use of instructional and behavioral interventions; and

(iv) the improvement of the mentees' capacity to measurably advance student learning; and

(G) includes—

(i) common planning time or regularly scheduled collaboration for the mentor and mentee; and

(ii) joint professional development opportunities.

(22) Teaching residency program

The term "teaching residency program" means a school-based teacher preparation program in which a prospective teacher—

(A) for one academic year, teaches alongside a mentor teacher, who is the teacher of record;

(B) receives concurrent instruction during the year described in subparagraph (A) from the partner institution, which courses may be taught by local educational agency personnel or residency program faculty, in the teaching of the content area in which the teacher will become certified or licensed;

(C) acquires effective teaching skills; and

(D) prior to completion of the program—

(i) attains full State certification or licensure and, with respect to special education teachers, meets the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title; and

(ii) acquires a master's degree not later than 18 months after beginning the program.

(23) Teaching skills

The term "teaching skills" means skills that enable a teacher to—

(A) increase student learning, achievement, and the ability to apply knowledge;

(B) effectively convey and explain academic subject matter;

(C) effectively teach higher-order analytical, evaluation, problem-solving, and communication skills;

(D) employ strategies grounded in the disciplines of teaching and learning that—

(i) are based on empirically-based practice and scientifically valid research, where applicable, related to teaching and learning;

(ii) are specific to academic subject matter; and

(iii) focus on the identification of students' specific learning needs, particularly students with disabilities, students who are limited English proficient, students who are gifted and talented, and students with low literacy levels, and the tailoring of academic instruction to such needs;

(E) conduct an ongoing assessment of student learning, which may include the use of formative assessments, performance-based assessments, project-based assessments, or portfolio assessments, that measures higher-order thinking skills (including application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation);

(F) effectively manage a classroom, including the ability to implement positive behavioral interventions and support strategies;

(G) communicate and work with parents, and involve parents in their children's education; and

(H) use, in the case of an early childhood educator, age-appropriate and developmentally appropriate strategies and practices for children in early childhood education programs.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §200 as added Pub. L. 110–315, title II, §201(1), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3126; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title II, §201(1), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1936; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §§9214(c)(1), 9215(oo)(2), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2161, 2178.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 6368 of this title as such section was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015, referred to in par. (7), means section 6368 of this title prior to being omitted in the general amendment of part B of subchapter I of chapter 70 of this title by Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1201, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1879.

Section 7801 of this title as such section was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015, referred to in par. (8), means section 7801 of this title prior to amendment by Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(1), (b)(2), (3), 8002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.

The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, referred to in par. (11)(A)(i)(II), (ii), (B)(ii)(I)(bb), is act June 4, 1946, ch. 281, 60 Stat. 230, which is classified generally to chapter 13 (§1751 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1751 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (11)(A)(i)(III), (B)(ii)(I)(cc), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Part A of title IV of the Act is classified generally to part A (§601 et seq.) of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1021, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title II, §201, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1623; amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1051(2), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2080, related to purposes and definitions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–315, title II, §201(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3133.

Another prior section 1021, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title II, §201, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1383; amended Pub. L. 99–498, title II, §201(b), (c), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1287; Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6241, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1520; Pub. L. 102–325, title II, §201, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 467, related to congressional statement of purpose and authorization of appropriations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §708(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–312.

Another prior section 1021, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §111(b)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 238; amended Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §106, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2089; Pub. L. 96–49, §3(a), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 351, provided for college library programs, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Another prior section 1021, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §201, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 90–575, title II, §211, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1036; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §111(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 238, authorized appropriations of $50,000,000 for each fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, 1967, and 1968, and $25,000,000; $75,000,000; $90,000,000; and $18,000,000 for fiscal years ending June 30, 1969, 1970, 1971, and 1972, for library resources grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §111(b)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 238.

Amendments

2015—Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(A), substituted "The term 'core academic subjects' means English, reading or language arts, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography" for "The term 'core academic subjects' has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title".

Par. (5). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(B), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

Par. (6)(B)(x). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(C), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7221i of this title.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(D), added par. (7) and struck out former par. (7). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'essential components of reading instruction' has the meaning given the term in section 6368 of this title."

Par. (8). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(E), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'exemplary teacher' has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title."

Par. (10)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(F)(i), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7345(b) of this title.

Par. (10)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(F)(ii), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7351(b) of this title.

Par. (13). Pub. L. 114–95, §9214(c)(1)(A), struck out par. (13). Text read as follows: "The term 'highly qualified' has the meaning given such term in section 7801 of this title and, with respect to special education teachers, in section 1401 of this title."

Par. (15). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(G), substituted "The term 'limited English proficient' has the meaning given the term 'English learner' in section 7801 of this title." for "The term 'limited English proficient' has the meaning given the term in section 7801 of this title."

Par. (16). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(H), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

Par. (17)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 114–95, §9214(c)(1)(B), substituted "who meets the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title" for "to become highly qualified".

Par. (19). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(oo)(2)(I), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

Par. (22)(D)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §9214(c)(1)(C), substituted ", with respect to special education teachers, meets the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title" for "becomes highly qualified".

2009—Par. (22)(D). Pub. L. 111–39 added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar (D) which read as follows: "prior to completion of the program, earns a master's degree, attains full State teacher certification or licensure, and becomes highly qualified."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9173 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter III: MUSEUM SERVICES / Section 9173: Museum services activities
Museum services activities
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director, subject to the policy advice of the Museum and Library Services Board, may enter into arrangements, including grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and other forms of assistance, with museums, States, local governments, and other entities as the Director considers appropriate, to pay the Federal share of the cost of—

(1) supporting museums in providing learning and access to collections, information, and educational resources in a variety of formats (including exhibitions, programs, publications, and websites) for individuals of all ages;

(2) supporting museums in building learning partnerships with the Nation's schools, including tribal schools, and developing museum resources, capabilities, and programs in support of State and local efforts to offer a well-rounded educational experience to all students;

(3) supporting the conservation and preservation of museum collections, including efforts to—

(A) provide optimal conditions for storage, exhibition, and use;

(B) prepare for and respond to disasters and emergency situations;

(C) establish endowments for conservation;

(D) curate, stabilize, and organize object-related information; and

(E) train museum staff in collections care;

(4) supporting efforts at the State level to leverage museum resources, including statewide assessments of museum services and needs and development of State plans to improve and maximize museum services through the State;

(5) creating shared technology tools and data resources, and developing museum staff training plans to improve and maximize museum services through organizations such as museum associations, professional networks, community-based organizations, and foundations, and through other collaborative mechanisms;

(6) stimulating greater collaboration, in order to share resources and strengthen communities, among museums and—

(A) libraries;

(B) schools;

(C) institutions of higher education;

(D) international, Federal, State, regional, tribal, and local agencies or organizations;

(E) nongovernmental organizations;

(F) other community organizations; and

(G) other relevant research and policy organizations;

(7) encouraging the use of new and emerging technologies and media, including new ways to disseminate information, engage varied audiences in experiential learning, and support teachers and students to enhance access to and engagement with museum collections, programs, and services;

(8) supporting museums in developing, carrying out, and providing programs and services that meet the needs of communities throughout the Nation, including people of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, individuals with disabilities, residents of rural and urban areas, Native Americans, military families, veterans, and caregivers, and for State institutions;

(9) supporting professional development and technical assistance programs to enhance museum operations, and the skills of museum staff, at all levels, and to support the development of the next generation of museum leaders and professionals, in order to ensure the highest standards in all aspects of museum operations;

(10) supporting museums in research, program evaluation, and the collection and dissemination of information to museum professionals and the public;

(11) encouraging, supporting, and disseminating model programs of museum and library collaboration;

(12) enabling museums to serve as anchor institutions to support community revitalization and the creation of opportunities for advancement; and

(13) developing public and private partnerships with other agencies and community-based organizations to expand and enhance museum services.

(b) Federal share

(1) 50 percent

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Federal share described in subsection (a) shall be not more than 50 percent.

(2) Greater than 50 percent

The Director may use not more than 20 percent of the funds made available under this subchapter for a fiscal year to enter into arrangements under subsection (a) for which the Federal share may be greater than 50 percent.

(3) Operational expenses

No funds for operational expenses may be provided under this section to any entity that is not a museum.

(c) Review and evaluation

(1) In general

The Director shall establish procedures for reviewing and evaluating arrangements described in subsection (a) entered into under this subchapter.

(2) Grant distribution

In awarding grants, the Director shall take into consideration the equitable distribution of grants to museums of various types and sizes and to different geographic areas of the United States.

(3) Applications for technical assistance

(A) In general

The Director may use not more than 10 percent of the funds appropriated to carry out this subchapter for technical assistance.

(B) Individual museums

Individual museums may receive not more than 3 technical assistance awards under subparagraph (A). Subsequent awards for technical assistance shall be subject to review outside the Institute.

(d) Services for Native Americans

From amounts appropriated under section 9176 of this title, the Director shall reserve 2.25 percent to award grants to, or enter into contracts or cooperative agreements with, Indian tribes and organizations that primarily serve and represent Native Hawaiians (as defined in section 7517 of this title), to enable such tribes and organizations to carry out the activities described in subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §274, formerly §273, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–303; renumbered §274 and amended Pub. L. 108–81, title III, §§303, 306(1), Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1000, 1002; Pub. L. 111–340, title III, §303, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3603; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(aaa)(4), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 115–410, §18, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5420.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 274 of Pub. L. 94–462 was classified to section 9174 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 108–81.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "supporting museums in building learning partnerships with the Nation's schools and developing museum resources and programs in support of State and local school curricula;".

Subsec. (a)(3)(D), (E). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(2), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(5), added par. (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(4), redesignated par. (5) as (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (a)(6)(C). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(6)(B), added subpar. (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D).

Subsec. (a)(6)(D). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(6)(A), (C), redesignated subpar. (C) as (D) and inserted "tribal," after "regional,". Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

Subsec. (a)(6)(E), (F). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(6)(A), (D), redesignated subpars. (D) and (E) as (E) and (F), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(6)(G). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(6)(D)–(F), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(4), (7), redesignated par. (4) as (7), struck it out, and added a new par. (7). Prior to amendment, par. read as follows: "supporting efforts at the State level to leverage museum resources, including statewide assessments of museum services and needs and development of State plans to improve and maximize museum services through the State;".

Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(3), struck out par. (7) which read as follows: "supporting museums in providing services to people of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds and to individuals with disabilities;".

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(8), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: "supporting museums in developing and carrying out specialized programs for specific segments of the public, such as programs for urban neighborhoods, rural areas, Indian reservations, and State institutions;".

Subsec. (a)(12), (13). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(a)(9)–(11), added pars. (12) and (13).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(c)(1)(A), inserted period at end.

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(c)(1)(B)(i), amended subpar. (A) of par. (3) to duplicate amendment made by Pub. L. 111–340, §303(2)(C)(i), which had been directed to subpar. (A) of par. (2) but executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, thus resulting in no change in text. See 2010 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(c)(1)(B)(ii), amended subpar. (B) of par. (3) to duplicate amendment made by Pub. L. 111–340, §303(2)(C)(ii), which had been directed to subpar. (B) of par. (2) but executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, thus resulting in no change in text. See 2010 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–410, §18(b), (c)(2), substituted "2.25 percent" for "1.75 percent" and made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 9176 of this title.

2015—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7517 of this title.

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(1)(A), inserted ", States, local governments," after "with museums" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(1)(B), (C), added pars. (3) to (5), redesignated former par. (5) as (6), and struck out former pars. (3) and (4) which read as follows:

"(3) supporting museums in assessing, conserving, researching, maintaining, and exhibiting their collections, and in providing educational programs to the public through the use of their collections;

"(4) stimulating greater collaboration among museums, libraries, schools, and other community organizations in order to share resources and strengthen communities;".

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(1)(B), (D), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and substituted "media, including new ways to disseminate information," for "broadcast media". Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (a)(7), (8). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(1)(B), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (7) and (8), respectively. Former par. (8) redesignated (9).

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(1)(B), (E), redesignated par. (8) as (9) and substituted ", and the skills of museum staff, at all levels, and to support the development of the next generation of museum leaders and professionals," for "at all levels,". Former par. (9) redesignated (10).

Subsec. (a)(10), (11). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(1)(B), redesignated pars. (9) and (10) as (10) and (11), respectively.

Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(2)(A), (B), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(2)(C)(i), which directed that "awards" be struck out after "assistance" in subpar. (A) of par. (2), was executed by making the amendment in subpar. (A) of par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of par. (2) as (3). See above.

Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 111–340, §303(2)(C)(ii), which directed the substitution of ". Subsequent" for ", but subsequent" in subpar. (B) of par. (2), was executed by making the amendment in subpar. (B) of par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of par. (2) as (3). See above.

2003—Pub. L. 108–81, §303, amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section contained provisions which in subsec. (a) authorized the Director to make grants to museums to pay for the Federal share of the cost of increasing and improving museum services, in subsec. (b) authorized the Director to enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with appropriate entities to pay for the Federal share of enabling the entities to undertake projects designed to strengthen museum services, in subsec. (c) established the Federal share, and in subsec. (d) required the Director to establish procedures for reviewing and evaluating grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements entered into under this subchapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1122 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VI: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 1122: Graduate and undergraduate language and area centers and programs
Graduate and undergraduate language and area centers and programs
Status: in_force

(a) National language and area centers and programs authorized

(1) Centers and programs

(A) In general

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to institutions of higher education or consortia of such institutions for the purpose of establishing, strengthening, and operating—

(i) comprehensive foreign language and area or international studies centers and programs; and

(ii) a diverse network of undergraduate foreign language and area or international studies centers and programs.

(B) National resources

The centers and programs referred to in paragraph (1) shall be national resources for—

(i) teaching of any modern foreign language;

(ii) instruction in fields needed to provide full understanding of areas, regions, or countries in which such language is commonly used;

(iii) research and training in international studies, and the international and foreign language aspects of professional and other fields of study; and

(iv) instruction and research on issues in world affairs that concern one or more countries.

(2) Authorized activities

Any such grant may be used to pay all or part of the cost of establishing or operating a center or program, including the cost of—

(A) teaching and research materials;

(B) curriculum planning and development;

(C) establishing and maintaining linkages with overseas institutions of higher education and other organizations that may contribute to the teaching and research of the center or program;

(D) bringing visiting scholars and faculty to the center to teach or to conduct research;

(E) professional development of the center's faculty and staff;

(F) projects conducted in cooperation with other centers addressing themes of world regional, cross-regional, international, or global importance;

(G) summer institutes in the United States or abroad designed to provide language and area training in the center's field or topic;

(H) support for faculty, staff, and student travel in foreign areas, regions, or countries, and for the development and support of educational programs abroad for students;

(I) supporting instructors of the less commonly taught languages; and

(J) projects that support students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields to achieve foreign language proficiency.

(3) Grants to maintain library collections

The Secretary may make grants to centers described in paragraph (1) having important library collections, as determined by the Secretary, for the maintenance of such collections.

(4) Outreach grants and summer institutes

The Secretary may make additional grants to centers described in paragraph (1) for any one or more of the following purposes:

(A) Programs of linkage or outreach between foreign language, area studies, or other international fields, and professional schools and colleges.

(B) Programs of linkage or outreach with 2- and 4-year colleges and universities.

(C) Programs of linkage or outreach between or among—

(i) postsecondary programs or departments in foreign language, area studies, or other international fields; and

(ii) State educational agencies or local educational agencies.

(D) Partnerships or programs of linkage and outreach with departments or agencies of Federal and State governments, including Federal or State scholarship programs for students in related areas.

(E) Programs of linkage or outreach with the news media, business, professional, or trade associations.

(F) Summer institutes in area studies, foreign language, and other international fields designed to carry out the programs described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (D), and (E).

(b) Fellowships for foreign language and area or international studies

(1) In general

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to institutions of higher education or combinations of such institutions for the purpose of paying stipends to individuals undergoing advanced training in any center or program approved by the Secretary.

(2) Eligible students

A student receiving a stipend described in paragraph (1) shall be engaged—

(A) in an instructional program with stated performance goals for functional foreign language use or in a program developing such performance goals, in combination with area studies, international studies, or the international aspects of a professional studies program; and

(B)(i) in the case of an undergraduate student, in the intermediate or advanced study of a less commonly taught language; or

(ii) in the case of a graduate student, in graduate study in connection with a program described in subparagraph (A), including—

(I) predissertation level study;

(II) preparation for dissertation research;

(III) dissertation research abroad; or

(IV) dissertation writing.

(c) Special rule with respect to travel

No funds may be expended under this part for undergraduate travel except in accordance with rules prescribed by the Secretary setting forth policies and procedures to assure that Federal funds made available for such travel are expended as part of a formal program of supervised study.

(d) Allowances

(1) Graduate level recipients

A stipend awarded to a graduate level recipient may include allowances for dependents and for travel for research and study in the United States and abroad.

(2) Undergraduate level recipients

A stipend awarded to an undergraduate level recipient may include an allowance for educational programs in the United States or educational programs abroad that—

(A) are closely linked to the overall goals of the recipient's course of study; and

(B) have the purpose of promoting foreign language fluency and knowledge of foreign cultures.

(e) Application

Each institution of higher education or consortium of such institutions desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information and assurances as the Secretary may require. Each such application shall include—

(1) an explanation of how the activities funded by the grant will reflect diverse perspectives and a wide range of views and generate debate on world regions and international affairs; and

(2) a description of how the applicant will encourage government service in areas of national need, as identified by the Secretary, as well as in areas of need in the education, business, and nonprofit sectors.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §602, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VI, §601, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1775; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, §602, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3334.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1122, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §602, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1465; amended Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, §602, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1514; Pub. L. 100–50, §18, June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 360; Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, §601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 720; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(j)(10), (11), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2481, authorized grants for graduate and undergraduate language and area centers and programs, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1122, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §602, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1261; Pub. L. 95–180, §1(c), Nov. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1372, related to the allotment to States of funds under the program of equipment grants to institutions of higher education, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(A), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary is authorized—

"(i) to make grants to institutions of higher education, or combinations thereof, for the purpose of establishing, strengthening, and operating comprehensive foreign language and area or international studies centers and programs; and

"(ii) to make grants to such institutions or combinations for the purpose of establishing, strengthening, and operating a diverse network of undergraduate foreign language and area or international studies centers and programs."

Subsec. (a)(2)(I), (J). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(B), added subpars. (I) and (J).

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(C)(iv), added subpar. (C). Former subpar. (C) redesignated (D).

Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(C)(i), substituted "Partnerships or programs of linkage and outreach" for "Programs of linkage or outreach" and inserted ", including Federal or State scholarship programs for students in related areas" before period at end.

Subsec. (a)(4)(D). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(C)(iii), redesignated subpar. (C) as (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

Subsec. (a)(4)(E). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(C)(iii), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E). Former subpar. (E) redesignated (F).

Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(C)(ii), substituted "area studies" for "foreign area" and "(D), and (E)" for "(C), and (D)" and struck out "of linkage and outreach" after "programs".

Subsec. (a)(4)(F). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(1)(C)(iii), redesignated subpar. (E) as (F).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(2)(A), struck out "Graduate" before "fellowships" in heading.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(2)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Students receiving stipends described in paragraph (1) shall be individuals who are engaged in an instructional program with stated performance goals for functional foreign language use or in a program developing such performance goals, in combination with area studies, international studies, or the international aspects of a professional studies program, including predissertation level studies, preparation for dissertation research, dissertation research abroad, and dissertation writing."

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 110–315, §602(3), added subsecs. (d) and (e) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Stipends awarded to graduate level recipients may include allowances for dependents and for travel for research and study in the United States and abroad."
20 U.S.C. § 6692 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6692: Rules of construction
Rules of construction
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition against Federal mandates, direction, or control

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to authorize the Secretary or any other officer or employee of the Federal Government to mandate, direct, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's—

(1) instructional content or materials, curriculum, program of instruction, academic standards, or academic assessments;

(2) teacher, principal, or other school leader evaluation system;

(3) specific definition of teacher, principal, or other school leader effectiveness; or

(4) teacher, principal, or other school leader professional standards, certification, or licensing.

(b) School or district employees

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to alter or otherwise affect the rights, remedies, and procedures afforded school or school district employees under Federal, State, or local laws (including applicable regulations or court orders) or under the terms of collective bargaining agreements, memoranda of understanding, or other agreements between such employees and their employers.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2302, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2302 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6672 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–239.

Another prior section 2302 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6672 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Prior sections 6701, 6702, 6711 to 6716, 6721, and 6722 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6701, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2331, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1660, set forth purposes of subpart 2 of part C of former subchapter II of this chapter.

Another prior section 6701, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2401, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3635; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §101(b)(3)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–407, related to reporting and accountability, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6702, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2332, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1660, related to the National Writing Project.

Another prior section 6702, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2402, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3635; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §101(b)(4)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–407, defined terms used in this subchapter, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6711, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2341, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1662, provided that subpart 3 of part C of former subchapter II of this chapter could be cited as the "Education for Democracy Act".

Section 6712, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2342, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1662, set forth purpose of subpart 3 of part C of former subchapter II of this chapter.

Section 6713, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2343, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1662, related to authority to award grants or enter into contracts.

Section 6714, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2344, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1663, related to We the People program.

Section 6715, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2345, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1664, related to cooperative civic education and economic education exchange programs.

Section 6716, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2346, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1666, authorized appropriations to carry out subpart 3 of part C of former subchapter II of this chapter.

Section 6721, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2351, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1666, related to establishment of the Teaching American History Grant Program.

Section 6722, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2352, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667, authorized appropriations to carry out subpart 4 of part C of former subchapter II of this chapter.

A prior section 6731, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2361, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667, which set out short title of the Paul D. Coverdell Teacher Protection Act of 2001, was renumbered section 8551 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7941 of this title.

A prior section 6732, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2362, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667, which related to purpose, was renumbered section 8552 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7942 of this title.

A prior section 6733, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2363, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667, which related to definitions, was renumbered section 8553 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7943 of this title.

A prior section 6734, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2364, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668, which related to applicability, was renumbered section 8554 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7944 of this title.

A prior section 6735, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2365, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668, which related to preemption and election of State nonapplicability, was renumbered section 8555 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7945 of this title.

A prior section 6736, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2366, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668, which related to limitation on liability for teachers, was renumbered section 8556 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7946 of this title.

A prior section 6737, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2367, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1670, which related to allocation of responsibility for noneconomic loss, was renumbered section 8557 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7947 of this title.

A prior section 6738, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2368, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1670, which set out effective date, was renumbered section 8558 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7948 of this title.

Prior sections 6751 to 6754, 6761 to 6766, 6771, 6672, and 6775 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 6751, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2401, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1671, provided that part D of former subchapter II of this chapter could be cited as the "Enhancing Education Through Technology Act of 2001".

A prior section 2401 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6701 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6752, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2402, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1671, set forth purposes and goals of part D of former subchapter II of this chapter.

A prior section 2402 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6702 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6753, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2403, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1672, defined terms.

Section 6754, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2404, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1673, authorized appropriations.

Section 6761, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2411, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1673, related to allotment and reallotment of funds.

Section 6762, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2412, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1674, related to use of allotment by State.

Section 6763, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2413, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1675, related to State applications.

Section 6764, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2414, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1677, related to local applications.

Section 6765, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2415, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1679, related to State activities.

Section 6766, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2416, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1680, related to local activities.

Section 6771, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2421, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1682, related to national activities.

Section 6772, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2422, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1682, related to national education technology plan.

Section 6775, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2431, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1683, related to Ready-to-Learn Television program.

A prior section 6777, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2441, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1686, which related to Internet safety, was renumbered section 4121 of title IV of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(4)(A), (B), (D), title IV, §4001(a)(5)(D), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 1966, and transferred to section 7131 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1125 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VI: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 1125: Research; studies; annual report
Research; studies; annual report
Status: in_force

(a) Authorized activities

The Secretary may, directly or through grants or contracts, conduct research and studies that contribute to achieving the purposes of this part. Such research and studies may include—

(1) studies and surveys to determine needs for increased or improved instruction in foreign language, area studies, or other international fields, including the demand for foreign language, area, and other international specialists in government, education, and the private sector;

(2) studies and surveys to assess the utilization of graduates of programs supported under this subchapter by governmental, educational, and private sector organizations and other studies assessing the outcomes and effectiveness of programs so supported;

(3) evaluation of the extent to which programs assisted under this subchapter that address national needs would not otherwise be offered;

(4) comparative studies of the effectiveness of strategies to provide international capabilities at institutions of higher education;

(5) research on more effective methods of providing instruction and achieving competency in foreign languages, area studies, or other international fields;

(6) the development and publication of specialized materials for use in foreign language, area studies, and other international fields, or for training foreign language, area, and other international specialists;

(7) studies and surveys of the uses of technology in foreign language, area studies, and international studies programs;

(8) studies and evaluations of effective practices in the dissemination of international information, materials, research, teaching strategies, and testing techniques throughout the education community, including elementary and secondary schools;

(9) the application of performance tests and standards across all areas of foreign language instruction and classroom use;

(10) evaluation of the extent to which programs assisted under this subchapter reflect diverse perspectives and a wide range of views and generate debate on world regions and international affairs, as described in the grantee's application;

(11) the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of data that contribute to achieving the purposes of this part; and

(12) support for programs or activities to make data collected, analyzed, or disseminated under this section publicly available and easy to understand.

(b) Annual report

The Secretary shall prepare, publish, and announce an annual report listing the books and research materials produced with assistance under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §605, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VI, §601, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1780; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, §605, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3337.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1125, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §606, formerly §605, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1467; amended Pub. L. 97–375, title II, §204, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1823; Pub. L. 99–386, title I, §103(c), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 821; renumbered §606 and amended Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, §§605(1), 606, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1517; Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, §601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 725, authorized research and studies and required annual report, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1125, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §605, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1264; Pub. L. 90–575, title II, §242(a), (e), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1041, related to the applications by institutions of higher education for grants under the program of equipment grants, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

A prior section 605 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1124a of this title, prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Prior sections 1125a and 1125b were omitted in the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 105–244.

Section 1125a, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §607, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, §607, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1518; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, §601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 726; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(j)(13), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2481, related to periodicals and other research materials published outside the United States.

Section 1125b, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, §608, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, §608, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1518; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, §601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 727, related to selection of certain grant recipients.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a)(10) to (12). Pub. L. 110–315 added pars. (10) to (12).
20 U.S.C. § 7883 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7883: Complaint process for participation of private school children
Complaint process for participation of private school children
Status: in_force

(a) Procedures for complaints

The Secretary shall develop and implement written procedures for receiving, investigating, and resolving complaints from parents, teachers, or other individuals and organizations concerning violations of section 7881 of this title by a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity. The individual or organization shall submit the complaint to the State educational agency for a written resolution by the State educational agency within 45 days.

(b) Appeals to Secretary

The resolution may be appealed by an interested party to the Secretary not later than 30 days after the State educational agency resolves the complaint or fails to resolve the complaint within the 45-day time limit. The appeal shall be accompanied by a copy of the State educational agency's resolution, and, if there is one, a complete statement of the reasons supporting the appeal. The Secretary shall investigate and resolve the appeal not later than 90 days after receipt of the appeal.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8503, formerly title IX, §9503, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1977; renumbered title VIII, §8503, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(5), 8017, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2111.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8017, added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to procedures for complaints and appeals to Secretary, respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 35 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 2: TEACHING OF AGRICULTURAL, TRADE, HOME ECONOMICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS / Section 35: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 35, 35 note, and 35a to 35n, which were enacted by Part A of Pub. L. 88–210, §§1–10, 12–17, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403 to 415, to be known as the "Vocational Education Act of 1963" were omitted in the general reorganization of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064, which redesignated such Part A as title I of Pub. L. 88–210 and, as so redesignated, completely reorganized such title I and authorized its citation as the "Vocational Education Act of 1963". Such act, as redesignated and reorganized, was classified to section 1241 et seq. of this title.

Section 35, Pub. L. 88–210, §1, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403, set out declaration of policy as to sections 35 to 35n of this title.

Section 35 note, Pub. L. 88–210, §17, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 415, named sections 1–17 of Pub. L. 88–210 the "Vocational Education Act of 1963". See Codification note set out preceding section 2301 of this title.

Section 35a, Pub. L. 88–210, §2, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403, authorized annual appropriations.

Section 35b, Pub. L. 88–210, §3, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 403, covered determination of allotment to be made to each State of sums appropriated under section 35a of this title.

Section 35c, Pub. L. 88–210, §4, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 405, set out allowable uses for allotments.

Section 35d, Pub. L. 88–210, §5, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 405, set out requisite elements of State plan and covered the designation of State board and State advisory council, policy and procedure for allocation of allotment, qualifications of persons under the plan, arrangements with public employment offices, accounting and fiscal control, labor standards, and reports.

Section 35e, Pub. L. 88–210, §6, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 407, set conditions for payments to States.

Section 35f, Pub. L. 88–210, §7, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 408, provided for application of labor standards under the Davis-Bacon Act (now 40 U.S.C. 3141 to 3144, 3146, and 3147) to construction projects assisted under sections 35 to 35n of this title.

Section 35g, Pub. L. 88–210, §8, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 408, defined terms used in sections 35 to 35n of this title.

Section 35h, Pub. L. 88–210, §9, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 410, established Advisory Committee on Vocational Education.

Section 35i, Pub. L. 88–210, §10, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 410, covered uses of allotments obtained under other statutes.

Section 35j, Pub. L. 88–210, §12, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 411, established Advisory Council on Vocational Education.

Section 35k, Pub. L. 88–210, §13, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 412, provided for creation and funding of work-study programs.

Section 35l, Pub. L. 88–210, §14, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 414, authorized grants for residential vocational education schools.

Section 35m, Pub. L. 88–210, §15, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 415, authorized appropriations for work-study and residential schools.

Section 35n, Pub. L. 88–210, §16, Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 415, prohibited statutory construction authorizing Federal direction, supervision, or controls of programs under sections 35 to 35n of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9407 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 75: EARLY LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES / Section 9407: Uses of funds
Uses of funds
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to section 9409 of this title, grant funds under this chapter shall be used to pay for developing, operating, or enhancing voluntary early learning programs that are likely to produce sustained gains in early learning.

(b) Limited uses

Subject to section 9409 of this title, Lead State Agencies and Local Councils shall ensure that funds made available under this chapter to the agencies and Local Councils are used for three or more of the following activities:

(1) Helping parents, caregivers, child care providers, and educators increase their capacity to facilitate the development of cognitive, language comprehension, expressive language, social-emotional, and motor skills, and promote learning readiness.

(2) Promoting effective parenting.

(3) Enhancing early childhood literacy.

(4) Developing linkages among early learning programs within a community and between early learning programs and health care services for young children.

(5) Increasing access to early learning opportunities for young children with special needs, including developmental delays, by facilitating coordination with other programs serving such young children.

(6) Increasing access to existing early learning programs by expanding the days or times that the young children are served, by expanding the number of young children served, or by improving the affordability of the programs for low-income families.

(7) Improving the quality of early learning programs through professional development and training activities, increased compensation, and recruitment and retention incentives, for early learning providers.

(8) Removing ancillary barriers to early learning, including transportation difficulties and absence of programs during nontraditional work times.

(c) Requirements

Each Lead State Agency designated under section 9409(c) of this title and Local Councils receiving a grant under this chapter shall ensure—

(1) that Local Councils described in section 9413 of this title work with local educational agencies to identify cognitive, social, emotional, and motor developmental abilities which are necessary to support children's readiness for school;

(2) that the programs, services, and activities assisted under this chapter will represent developmentally appropriate steps toward the acquisition of those abilities; and

(3) that the programs, services, and activities assisted under this chapter collectively provide benefits for children cared for in their own homes as well as children placed in the care of others.

(d) Sliding scale payments

States and Local Councils receiving assistance under this chapter shall ensure that programs, services, and activities assisted under this chapter which customarily require a payment for such programs, services, or activities, adjust the cost of such programs, services, and activities provided to the individual or the individual's child based on the individual's ability to pay.

(Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VIII, §808], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–83.)
20 U.S.C. § 1018a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1018a: Procurement flexibility
Procurement flexibility
Status: in_force

(a) Procurement authority

Subject to the authority of the Secretary, the Chief Operating Officer of a PBO may exercise the authority of the Secretary to procure property and services in the performance of functions managed by the PBO. For the purposes of this section, the term "PBO" includes the Chief Operating Officer of the PBO and any employee of the PBO exercising procurement authority under the preceding sentence.

(b) In general

Except as provided in this section, the PBO shall abide by all applicable Federal procurement laws and regulations when procuring property and services. The PBO shall—

(1) enter into contracts to carry out the functions set forth in section 1018(b)(2) of this title;

(2) obtain the services of experts and consultants without regard to section 3109 of title 5 and set pay in accordance with such section; and

(3) through the Chief Operating Officer—

(A) to the maximum extent practicable, utilize procurement systems that streamline operations, improve internal controls, and enhance management; and

(B) assess the efficiency of such systems and assess such systems' ability to meet PBO requirements.

(c) Service contracts

(1) Performance-based servicing contracts

The Chief Operating Officer shall, to the extent practicable, maximize the use of performance-based servicing contracts, consistent with guidelines for such contracts published by the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, to achieve cost savings and improve service.

(2) Fee for service arrangements

The Chief Operating Officer shall, when appropriate and consistent with the purposes of the PBO, acquire services related to the functions set forth in section 1018(b)(2) of this title from any entity that has the capability and capacity to meet the requirements set by the PBO. The Chief Operating Officer is authorized to pay fees that are equivalent to those paid by other entities to an organization that provides services that meet the requirements of the PBO, as determined by the Chief Operating Officer.

(d) Two-phase source-selection procedures

(1) In general

The PBO may use a two-phase process for selecting a source for a procurement of property or services.

(2) First phase

The procedures for the first phase of the process for a procurement are as follows:

(A) Publication of notice

The contracting officer for the procurement shall publish a notice of the procurement in accordance with section 1708 of title 41 and subsections (e), (f), and (g) of section 637 of title 15, except that the notice shall include only the following:

(i) A general description of the scope or purpose of the procurement that provides sufficient information on the scope or purpose for sources to make informed business decisions regarding whether to participate in the procurement.

(ii) A description of the basis on which potential sources are to be selected to submit offers in the second phase.

(iii) A description of the information that is to be required under subparagraph (B).

(iv) Any additional information that the contracting officer determines appropriate.

(B) Information submitted by offerors

Each offeror for the procurement shall submit basic information, such as information on the offeror's qualifications, the proposed conceptual approach, costs likely to be associated with the proposed conceptual approach, and past performance of the offeror, together with any additional information that is requested by the contracting officer.

(C) Selection for second phase

The contracting officer shall select the offerors that are to be eligible to participate in the second phase of the process. The contracting officer shall limit the number of the selected offerors to the number of sources that the contracting officer determines is appropriate and in the best interests of the Federal Government.

(3) Second phase

(A) In general

The contracting officer shall conduct the second phase of the source selection process in accordance with sections 3306(a) to (e) and 3308, chapter 37, and section 4702 of title 41.

(B) Eligible participants

Only the sources selected in the first phase of the process shall be eligible to participate in the second phase.

(C) Single or multiple procurements

The second phase may include a single procurement or multiple procurements within the scope, or for the purpose, described in the notice pursuant to paragraph (2)(A).

(4) Procedures considered competitive

The procedures used for selecting a source for a procurement under this subsection shall be considered competitive procedures for all purposes.

(e) Use of simplified procedures for commercial products and commercial services

Whenever the PBO anticipates that commercial products or commercial services will be offered for a procurement, the PBO may use (consistent with the special rules for commercial products and commercial services) the special simplified procedures for the procurement without regard to any dollar limitation otherwise applicable to the use of those procedures.

(f) Flexible wait periods and deadlines for submission of offers of noncommercial products and services

(1) Authority

In carrying out a procurement, the PBO may—

(A) apply a shorter waiting period for the issuance of a solicitation after the publication of a notice under section 1708 of title 41 than is required under subsection (a)(3)(A) of such section; and

(B) notwithstanding subsection (a)(3) of such section, establish any deadline for the submission of bids or proposals that affords potential offerors a reasonable opportunity to respond to the solicitation.

(2) Inapplicability to commercial products and services

Paragraph (1) does not apply to a procurement of a commercial product or a commercial service.

(3) Consistency with applicable international agreements

If an international agreement is applicable to the procurement, any exercise of authority under paragraph (1) shall be consistent with the international agreement.

(g) Modular contracting

(1) In general

The PBO may satisfy the requirements of the PBO for a system incrementally by carrying out successive procurements of modules of the system. In doing so, the PBO may use procedures authorized under this subsection to procure any such module after the first module.

(2) Utility requirement

A module may not be procured for a system under this subsection unless the module is useful independently of the other modules or useful in combination with another module previously procured for the system.

(3) Conditions for use of authority

The PBO may use procedures authorized under paragraph (4) for the procurement of an additional module for a system if—

(A) competitive procedures were used for awarding the contract for the procurement of the first module for the system; and

(B) the solicitation for the first module included—

(i) a general description of the entire system that was sufficient to provide potential offerors with reasonable notice of the general scope of future modules;

(ii) other information sufficient for potential offerors to make informed business judgments regarding whether to submit offers for the contract for the first module; and

(iii) a statement that procedures authorized under this subsection could be used for awarding subsequent contracts for the procurement of additional modules for the system.

(4) Procedures

If the procurement of the first module for a system meets the requirements set forth in paragraph (3), the PBO may award a contract for the procurement of an additional module for the system using any of the following procedures:

(A) Single-source basis

Award of the contract on a single-source basis to a contractor who was awarded a contract for a module previously procured for the system under competitive procedures or procedures authorized under subparagraph (B).

(B) Adequate competition

Award of the contract on the basis of offers made by—

(i) a contractor who was awarded a contract for a module previously procured for the system after having been selected for award of the contract under this subparagraph or other competitive procedures; and

(ii) at least one other offeror that submitted an offer for a module previously procured for the system and is expected, on the basis of the offer for the previously procured module, to submit a competitive offer for the additional module.

(C) Other

Award of the contract under any other procedure authorized by law.

(5) Notice requirement

(A) Publication

Not less than 30 days before issuing a solicitation for offers for a contract for a module for a system under procedures authorized under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (4), the PBO shall publish in the Commerce Business Daily a notice of the intent to use such procedures to enter into the contract.

(B) Exception

Publication of a notice is not required under this paragraph with respect to a use of procedures authorized under paragraph (4) if the contractor referred to in that subparagraph (who is to be solicited to submit an offer) has previously provided a module for the system under a contract that contained cost, schedule, and performance goals and the contractor met those goals.

(C) Content of notice

A notice published under subparagraph (A) with respect to a use of procedures described in paragraph (4) shall contain the information required under section 1708(c) of title 41, other than paragraph (4) of such section, and shall invite the submission of any assertion that the use of the procedures for the procurement involved is not in the best interest of the Federal Government together with information supporting the assertion.

(6) Documentation

The basis for an award of a contract under this subsection shall be documented. However, a justification pursuant to section 3304(e) of title 41 or section 637(h) of title 15 is not required.

(7) Simplified source-selection procedures

The PBO may award a contract under any other simplified procedures prescribed by the PBO for the selection of sources for the procurement of modules for a system, after the first module, that are not to be procured under a contract awarded on a single-source basis.

(h) Use of simplified procedures for small business set-asides for services other than commercial services

(1) Authority

The PBO may use special simplified procedures for a procurement of services that are not commercial services if—

(A) the procurement is in an amount not greater than $1,000,000;

(B) the procurement is conducted as a small business set-aside pursuant to section 644(a) of title 15; and

(C) the price charged for supplies associated with the services procured are items of supply expected to be less than 20 percent of the total contract price.

(2) Inapplicability to certain procurements

The authority set forth in paragraph (1) may not be used for—

(A) an award of a contract on a single-source basis; or

(B) a contract for construction.

(i) Guidance for use of authority

(1) Issuance by PBO

The Chief Operating Officer of the PBO, in consultation with the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, shall issue guidance for the use by PBO personnel of the authority provided in this section.

(2) Guidance from OFPP

As part of the consultation required under paragraph (1), the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy shall provide the PBO with guidance that is designed to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that the authority under this section is exercised by the PBO in a manner that is consistent with the exercise of the authority by the heads of the other performance-based organizations.

(3) Compliance with OFPP guidance

The head of the PBO shall ensure that the procurements of the PBO under this section are carried out in a manner that is consistent with the guidance provided for the PBO under paragraph (2).

(j) Limitation on multiagency contracting

No department or agency of the Federal Government may purchase property or services under contracts entered into or administered by a PBO under this section unless the purchase is approved in advance by the senior procurement official of that department or agency who is responsible for purchasing by the department or agency.

(k) Laws not affected

Nothing in this section shall be construed to waive laws for the enforcement of civil rights or for the establishment and enforcement of labor standards that are applicable to contracts of the Federal Government.

(l) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Commercial product

The term "commercial product" has the meaning given the term in section 103 of title 41.

(2) Commercial service

The term "commercial service" has the meaning given the term in section 103a of title 41.

(3) Competitive procedures

The term "competitive procedures" has the meaning given the term in section 152 of title 41.

(4) Single-source basis

The term "single-source basis", with respect to an award of a contract, means that the contract is awarded to a source after soliciting an offer or offers from, and negotiating with, only such source (although such source is not the only source in the marketplace capable of meeting the need) because such source is the most advantageous source for purposes of the award.

(5) Special rules for commercial products and commercial services

The term "special rules for commercial products and commercial services" means the regulations set forth in the Federal Acquisition Regulation pursuant to sections 1901 and 3305(a) of title 41.

(6) Special simplified procedures

The term "special simplified procedures" means the procedures applicable to purchases of property and services for amounts not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold that are set forth in the Federal Acquisition Regulation pursuant to sections 1901(a)(1) and 3305(a)(1) of title 41.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §142, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1611; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title I, §118, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3116; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §836(g)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1872.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (d)(2)(A), "section 1708 of title 41" substituted for "section 18 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 416)" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (d)(3)(A), "sections 3306(a) to (e) and 3308, chapter 37, and section 4702 of title 41" substituted for "sections 303A and 303B of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253a and 253b)" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (f)(1)(A), "section 1708 of title 41" substituted for "section 18 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 416)" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (g)(5)(C), "section 1708(c) of title 41" substituted for "section 18(b) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 416(b))" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (g)(6), "section 3304(e) of title 41" substituted for "section 303(f) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253(f))" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1018a, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §142, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6201, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1515, related to grants for literacy corps programs, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(A), in heading, substituted "commercial products and commercial services" for "commercial items" and, in text, substituted "that commercial products or commercial services will be offered for a procurement, the PBO may use (consistent with the special rules for commercial products and commercial services) the special simplified procedures for the procurement without regard to" for "that commercial items will be offered for a procurement, the PBO may use (consistent with the special rules for commercial items) the special simplified procedures for the procurement without regard to—", struck out par. (1) designation, substituted period for "; and", and struck out par. (2). Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "the expiration of the authority to use special simplified procedures under section 4202(e) of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (110 Stat. 654; 10 U.S.C. 2304 note)."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(B)(i), substituted "products and services" for "items" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(B)(ii), (iii), substituted "products and services" for "items" in heading and "a commercial product or a commercial service" for "a commercial item" in text.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(C)(i), substituted "services" for "items" in heading.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(C)(ii), substituted "commercial services" for "commercial items" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (l)(1), (2). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(D)(ii), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former par. (1) which defined "commercial item". Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (l)(3). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(D)(i), (iii), redesignated par. (2) as (3) and substituted "in section 152 of title 41." for "in section 309(b) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 259(b))." Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (l)(4). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(D)(i), redesignated par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (l)(5). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(D)(i), (iv), redesignated par. (4) as (5) and substituted, in heading, "commercial products and commercial services" for "commercial items" and, in text, "commercial products and commercial services" for "commercial items" and "pursuant to sections 1901 and 3305(a) of title 41." for "pursuant to section 303(g)(1) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253(g)(1)) and section 31 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 427)." Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (l)(6). Pub. L. 115–232, §836(g)(2)(D)(i), (v), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and substituted "pursuant to sections 1901(a)(1) and 3305(a)(1) of title 41." for "pursuant to section 303(g)(1)(B) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253(g)(1)(A)) and section 31(a)(1) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 427(a)(1))."

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(1)(A), struck out "for information systems supporting the programs authorized under subchapter IV" after "enter into contracts" and "and" after semicolon.

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(1)(B), (C), substituted "; and" for period at end of par. (2) and added par. (3).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Chief Operating Officer shall, when appropriate and consistent with the purposes of the PBO, acquire services related to the subchapter IV delivery system from any entity that has the capability and capacity to meet the requirements for the system. The Chief Operating Officer is authorized to pay fees that are equivalent to those paid by other entities to an organization that provides an information system or service that meets the requirements of the PBO, as determined by the Chief Operating Officer."

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(3), struck out "on Federal Government contracts" after "performance of the offeror".

Subsec. (g)(4)(A). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(4)(A), substituted "Single-source basis" for "Sole source" in heading and "single-source" for "sole-source" in text.

Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(4)(B), substituted "single-source" for "sole-source".

Subsec. (h)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(5), substituted "single-source" for "sole-source".

Subsec. (l)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, §118(6), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'sole-source basis', with respect to an award of a contract, means that the contract is awarded to a source after soliciting an offer or offers from, and negotiating with, only that source."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
20 U.S.C. § 6438 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6438: Transition services
Transition services
Status: in_force

(a) Transition services

Each State agency shall reserve not less than 15 percent and not more than 30 percent of the amount such agency receives under this subpart for any fiscal year to support—

(1) projects that facilitate the transition of children and youth between State-operated institutions, or institutions in the State operated by the Secretary of the Interior, and schools served by local educational agencies or schools operated or funded by the Bureau of Indian Education; or

(2) the successful reentry of youth offenders, who are age 20 or younger and have received a regular high school diploma or its recognized equivalent, into postsecondary education, or career and technical training programs, through strategies designed to expose the youth to, and prepare the youth for, postsecondary education, or career and technical training programs, such as—

(A) preplacement programs that allow adjudicated or incarcerated youth to audit or attend courses on college, university, or community college campuses, or through programs provided in institutional settings;

(B) worksite schools, in which institutions of higher education and private or public employers partner to create programs to help students make a successful transition to postsecondary education and employment; and

(C) essential support services to ensure the success of the youth, such as—

(i) personal, career and technical, and academic, counseling;

(ii) placement services designed to place the youth in a university, college, or junior college program;

(iii) information concerning, and assistance in obtaining, available student financial aid;

(iv) counseling services; and

(v) job placement services.

(b) Conduct of projects

A project supported under this section may be conducted directly by the State agency, or through a contract or other arrangement with one or more local educational agencies, other public agencies, or private nonprofit organizations.

(c) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a school that receives funds under subsection (a) from serving neglected and delinquent children and youth simultaneously with students with similar educational needs, in the same educational settings where appropriate.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1418, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1586; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1401(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1903.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6438, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1418, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3597, related to transition services, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(6)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "projects that facilitate the transition of children and youth from State-operated institutions to schools served by local educational agencies; or".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(6)(B), substituted "regular high school diploma" for "secondary school diploma" in introductory provisions and substituted "career" for "vocational" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1461 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1461: Purpose; definition of eligible entity
Purpose; definition of eligible entity
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this part is—

(1) to provide Federal funding for personnel preparation, technical assistance, model demonstration projects, information dissemination, and studies and evaluations, in order to improve early intervention, educational, and transitional results for children with disabilities; and

(2) to assist State educational agencies and local educational agencies in improving their education systems for children with disabilities.

(b) Definition of eligible entity

(1) In general

In this part, the term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a State educational agency;

(B) a local educational agency;

(C) a public charter school that is a local educational agency under State law;

(D) an institution of higher education;

(E) a public agency not described in subparagraphs (A) through (D);

(F) a private nonprofit organization;

(G) an outlying area;

(H) an Indian tribe or a tribal organization (as defined under section 5304 of title 25); or

(I) a for-profit organization, if the Secretary finds it appropriate in light of the purposes of a particular competition for a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under this part.

(2) Special rule

The Secretary may limit which eligible entities described in paragraph (1) are eligible for a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement under this part to 1 or more of the categories of eligible entities described in paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §661, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2774.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1461, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §661, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 130, related to administrative provisions, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1461, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §661, as added Pub. L. 99–457, title III, §317, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1172; amended Pub. L. 100–630, title I, §107(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3301; Pub. L. 101–476, title VII, §701, title IX, §901(b)(154)–(156), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1140, 1149; Pub. L. 102–119, §25(a)(15), (b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 606, 607, related to financial assistance for the purpose of advancing use of new technology, media, and materials in education of students with disabilities and provision of related services and early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–17, title II, §203(c), June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 157, effective Oct. 1, 1997.

Another prior section 1461, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §661, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 187; Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, §621, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 98–199, §3(b), Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, related to research, training, and model centers respecting special programs for children with specific learning disabilities, providing in subsec. (a), Secretary's grant and contract authority, functions of model centers, and considerations governing making of contracts and grants; subsec. (b), other considerations in making awards, geographical distribution of training programs and trained personnel, and a model center in each State; and subsec. (c), appropriations authorization of $10, $20, and $20 million dollars for fiscal years ending June 30, 1975 through 1977, respectively, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–199, §14, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1374.
20 U.S.C. § 9141 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter II: LIBRARY SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY / Section 9141: Grants to States
Grants to States
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Of the funds provided to a State library administrative agency under section 9123 of this title, such agency shall expend, either directly or through subgrants or cooperative agreements, at least 96 percent of such funds for—

(1) expanding services for learning and access to information and educational resources in a variety of formats (including new and emerging technology), in all types of libraries, for individuals of all ages in order to support such individuals' needs for education, lifelong learning, workforce development, economic and business development, health information, critical thinking skills, digital literacy skills, and financial literacy and other types of literacy skills;

(2) establishing or enhancing electronic and other linkages and improved coordination among and between libraries and entities, as described in section 9134(b)(6) of this title, for the purpose of improving the quality of and access to library and information services;

(3)(A) providing training and professional development, including continuing education, to enhance the skills of the current library workforce and leadership, and advance the delivery of library and information services; and

(B) enhancing efforts to recruit future professionals, including those from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds, to the field of library and information services;

(4) developing public and private partnerships with other agencies, tribes, and community-based organizations;

(5) targeting library services to individuals of diverse geographic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, to individuals with disabilities, and to individuals with limited functional literacy or information skills;

(6) targeting library and information services to persons having difficulty using a library and to underserved urban and rural communities, including children (from birth through age 17) from families with incomes below the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget and revised annually in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42) applicable to a family of the size involved;

(7) developing library services that provide all users access to information through local, State, regional, national, and international collaborations and networks; and

(8) carrying out other activities consistent with the purposes set forth in section 9121 of this title, as described in the State library administrative agency's plan.

(b) Special rule

Each State library administrative agency receiving funds under this part may apportion the funds available for the priorities described in subsection (a) as appropriate to meet the needs of the individual State.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §231, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–301; amended Pub. L. 108–81, title II, §206, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 111–340, title II, §205, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3600; Pub. L. 115–410, §12, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5417.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–410, §12(1), inserted "(including new and emerging technology)" after "formats" and substituted "workforce development, economic and business development, health information, critical thinking skills, digital literacy skills, and financial literacy and other types of literacy skills" for "workforce development, and digital literacy skills".

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–410, §12(2), inserted ", including those from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds," after "professionals".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 115–410, §12(3), inserted ", tribes," after "agencies".

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340, §205(1), inserted "in order to support such individuals' needs for education, lifelong learning, workforce development, and digital literacy skills" before semicolon at end in par. (1), added pars. (2) and (3), redesignated former par. (2) as (7) and substituted "collaborations and networks; and" for "electronic networks;", struck out former par. (3) which read "providing electronic and other linkages among and between all types of libraries;", and added par. (8).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–340, §205(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Each State library administrative agency receiving funds under this part may apportion the funds available for the purposes described in subsection (a) of this section among such purposes, as appropriate, to meet the needs of the individual State."

2003—Subsec. (a)(1) to (6). Pub. L. 108–81, §206(1), added pars. (1) to (6) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

"(1)(A) establishing or enhancing electronic linkages among or between libraries;

"(B) electronically linking libraries with educational, social, or information services;

"(C) assisting libraries in accessing information through electronic networks;

"(D) encouraging libraries in different areas, and encouraging different types of libraries, to establish consortia and share resources; or

"(E) paying costs for libraries to acquire or share computer systems and telecommunications technologies; and

"(2) targeting library and information services to persons having difficulty using a library and to underserved urban and rural communities, including children (from birth through age 17) from families with incomes below the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget and revised annually in accordance with section 9902(2) of title 42) applicable to a family of the size involved."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–81, §206(2), substituted "among such purposes," for "between the two purposes described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of such subsection,".
20 U.S.C. § 1092f (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1092f: Early awareness and outreach of financial aid eligibility
Early awareness and outreach of financial aid eligibility
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall implement early outreach activities in order to provide prospective students and their families with information about financial aid and estimates of financial aid. Such early outreach activities shall include the activities described in subsections (b), (c), and (d).

(b) Pell Grant early awareness estimates

(1) In general

The Secretary shall produce a consumer-tested method of estimating student eligibility for Federal Pell Grants under section 1070a(b) of this title utilizing the variables of family size and adjusted gross income, presented in electronic format. There shall be a method for students to indicate whether they are, or will be in—

(A) a single-parent household;

(B) a household with two parents; or

(C) a household with no children or dependents.

(2) Consumer testing

(A) In general

The method of estimating eligibility described in paragraph (1) shall be consumer tested with prospective first-generation students and families as well as low-income individuals and families.

(B) Updates

For award year 2024–2025 and each fourth succeeding award year thereafter, the design of the method of estimating eligibility shall be updated based on additional consumer testing with the populations described in subparagraph (A).

(3) Distribution

The method of estimating eligibility described in paragraph (1) shall be—

(A) made publicly and prominently available on the Department's website; and

(B) actively shared by the Secretary with—

(i) institutions of higher education participating in programs under this subchapter;

(ii) all middle and secondary schools eligible for funds under part A of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311 et seq.];

(iii) local educational agencies and middle schools and high schools that serve students not less than 25 percent of whom meet a measure of poverty as described in section 1113(a)(5) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6313(a)(5)]; and

(iv) agencies responsible for administering means-tested Federal benefit programs, as defined in section 1087ss(b)(4)(H) of this title.

(4) Electronic estimator on FAFSA

In accordance with subsection (d)(5) of section 1090 of this title, the Secretary shall maintain an electronic method for applicants to enter income and family size, and level of education sought information to calculate a non-binding estimate (which may include a range, ceiling, or minimum) of the applicant's Federal financial aid available under this subchapter and shall place such calculator on a prominent location on the FAFSA website and in a manner that encourages students to fill out the FAFSA.

(c) Early awareness plans

The Secretary shall establish and implement early awareness and outreach plans to provide early information about the availability of Federal financial aid and estimates of prospective students' eligibility for Federal financial aid as well as to promote the attainment of postsecondary education specifically among prospective first-generation students and families as well as low-income individuals and families, as follows:

(1) Outreach plans for low-income families

(A) In general

The Secretary shall develop plans for each population described in this subparagraph to disseminate information about the availability of Federal financial aid under this subchapter, in addition to and in coordination with the distribution of the method of estimating eligibility under subsection (b), to—

(i) all middle schools and secondary schools eligible for funds under part A of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6311 et seq.];

(ii) local educational agencies and middle schools and high schools that serve students not less than 25 percent of whom meet a measure of poverty as described in section 1113(a)(5) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act [20 U.S.C. 6313(a)(5)];

(iii) households receiving assistance under the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); and

(iv) agencies responsible for administering means-tested Federal benefit programs, as defined in section 1087ss(b)(4)(H) of this title.

(B) Content of plans

The plans described in paragraph (A) shall—

(i) provide students and their families with information on—

(I) the availability of the College Scorecard or any similar successor website;

(II) the electronic estimates of financial aid available under subsection (b);

(III) Federal financial aid available to students, including eligibility criteria for the Federal financial aid and an explanation of the Federal financial aid programs (including applicable Federal educational tax credits); and

(IV) resources that can inform students of financial aid that may be available from state-based financial aid, state-based college savings programs, and scholarships and other non-governmental sources;

(ii) describe how the dissemination of information will be conducted by the Secretary.

(C) Reporting and updates

The Secretary shall post the information about the plans under subparagraph (A) and associated goals publicly on the Department's website. On an annual basis, the Secretary shall report qualitative and quantitative outcomes regarding the implementation of the plans under subparagraph (A). The Secretary shall review and update such plans not less often than every 4 award years with the goal of progressively increasing the impact of the activities under this paragraph.

(D) Partnership

The Secretary may partner with States, State systems of higher education, institutions of higher education, or college access organizations to carry out this paragraph.

(2) Interagency coordination plans

(A) In general

The Secretary shall develop interagency coordination plans in order to inform more students and families, including low-income individuals or families and recipients of means-tested Federal benefits, about the availability of Federal financial aid under this subchapter through participation in existing Federal programs or tax benefits that serve low-income individuals or families, in coordination with the following Secretaries:

(i) The Secretary of the Treasury.

(ii) The Secretary of Labor.

(iii) The Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(iv) The Secretary of Agriculture.

(v) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

(vi) The Secretary of Commerce.

(vii) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

(viii) The Secretary of the Interior.

(B) Process, activities, and goals

Each interagency coordination plan under subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) identify opportunities in which low-income individuals and families could be informed of the availability of Federal financial aid under this subchapter through access to other Federal programs that serve low-income individuals and families;

(ii) identify methods to effectively inform low-income individuals and families of the availability of Federal financial aid for postsecondary education under this subchapter and assist such individuals in completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid;

(iii) develop early awareness and FAFSA completion activities that align with the opportunities and methods identified under clauses (i) and (ii);

(iv) establish goals regarding the effects of the activities to be implemented under clause (iii); and

(v) provide information on how students and families can maintain access to Federal programs that serve low-income individuals and families operated by the agencies identified under subsection (A) while attending an institution of higher education.

(C) Plan with Secretary of the Treasury

The interagency coordination plan under subparagraph (A)(i) between the Secretary and the Secretary of the Treasury shall further include specific methods to increase the application for Federal financial aid under this subchapter from individuals who file Federal tax returns, including collaboration with tax preparation entities or other third parties, as appropriate.

(D) Reporting and updates

The Secretary shall post the information about the interagency coordination plans under this paragraph and associated goals publicly on the Department's website. The plans shall have the goal of progressively increasing the impact of the activities under this paragraph by increasing the number of low-income applicants for, and recipients of, Federal financial aid. The plans shall be updated not less than once every 4 years.

(3) Nationwide participation in early awareness plans

(A) In general

The Secretary shall solicit voluntary public commitments from entities, such as States, State systems of higher education, institutions of higher education, and other interested organizations, to carry out early awareness plans, which shall include goals, to—

(i) notify prospective and existing students who are low-income individuals and families about their eligibility for Federal aid under this subchapter, as well as State-based financial aid, if applicable, on an annual basis;

(ii) increase the number of prospective and current students who are low-income individuals and families filing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid; and

(iii) increase the number of prospective and current students who are low-income individuals and families enrolling in postsecondary education.

(B) Reporting and updates

Each entity that makes a voluntary public commitment to carry out an early awareness plan may submit quantitative and qualitative data based on the entity's progress toward the goals of the plan annually prior to a date selected by the Secretary.

(C) Early awareness champions

Based on data submitted by entities, the Secretary shall select and designate entities submitting public commitments, plans, and goals, as Early Awareness Champions on an annual basis. Those entities designated as Early Awareness Champions shall provide one or more case studies regarding the activities the entity undertook under this paragraph which shall be made public by the Secretary on the Department of Education website to promote best practices.

(d) Public awareness campaign

(1) In general

The Secretary shall develop and implement a public awareness campaign designed using current and relevant independent research regarding strategies and media platforms found to be most effective in communicating with low-income populations in order to increase national awareness regarding the availability of Federal Pell Grants and financial aid under this subchapter and, at the option of the Secretary, potential availability of state need-based financial aid.

(2) Coordination

The public awareness campaign described in paragraph (1) shall leverage the activities in subsections (b) and (c) to highlight eligibility among low-income populations. In developing and implementing the campaign, the Secretary may work in coordination with States, institutions of higher education, early intervention and outreach programs under this subchapter, other Federal agencies, agencies responsible for administering means-tested Federal benefit programs (as defined in section 1087ss(b)(4)(H) of this title), organizations involved in college access and student financial aid, secondary schools, local educational agencies, public libraries, community centers, businesses, employers, workforce investment boards, and organizations that provide services to individuals who are or were homeless, in foster care, or are disconnected youth.

(3) Reporting

The Secretary shall report on the success of the public awareness campaign described in paragraph (1) annually regarding the extent to which the public and target populations were reached using data commonly used to evaluate advertising and outreach campaigns and data regarding whether the campaign produced any increase in applicants for Federal aid under this subchapter publicly on the Department of Education website.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §485E, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title IV, §490, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3305; amended Pub. L. 111–152, title II, §2101(b)(5), Mar. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, §702(o), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3186; Pub. L. 117–103, div. R, §102(b)(5), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 819.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3)(B)(ii) and (c)(1)(A)(i), is Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27. Part A of title I of the Act is classified generally to part A (§6311 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 70 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A)(iii), is Pub. L. 88–525, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 703, which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§2011 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 7 and Tables.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–103 substituted "award year 2024–2025" for "award year 2023–2024".

2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to early awareness of financial aid eligibility.

2010—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–152 substituted "of such students' potential eligibility for the Federal Pell Grant amount, determined under section 1070a(b)(2)(A) of this title, for which the student would be eligible" for "of such students' potential eligibility for a maximum Federal Pell Grant under subpart 1 of part A".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 effective July 1, 2024, except as otherwise expressly provided, and applicable with respect to award year 2024–2025 and each subsequent award year, as determined under this chapter, see section 701(b) of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–152 effective July 1, 2010, see section 2101(c) of Pub. L. 111–152, set out as a note under section 1070a of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 107 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 6A: VENDING FACILITIES FOR BLIND IN FEDERAL BUILDINGS / Section 107: Operation of vending facilities
Operation of vending facilities
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

For the purposes of providing blind persons with remunerative employment, enlarging the economic opportunities of the blind, and stimulating the blind to greater efforts in striving to make themselves self-supporting, blind persons licensed under the provisions of this chapter shall be authorized to operate vending facilities on any Federal property.

(b) Preferences regulations; justification for limitation on operation

In authorizing the operation of vending facilities on Federal property, priority shall be given to blind persons licensed by a State agency as provided in this chapter; and the Secretary, through the Commissioner, shall, after consultation with the Administrator of General Services and other heads of departments, agencies, or instrumentalities of the United States in control of the maintenance, operation, and protection of Federal property, prescribe regulations designed to assure that—

(1) the priority under this subsection is given to such licensed blind persons (including assignment of vending machine income pursuant to section 107d–3 of this title to achieve and protect such priority), and

(2) wherever feasible, one or more vending facilities are established on all Federal property to the extent that any such facility or facilities would not adversely affect the interests of the United States.

Any limitation on the placement or operation of a vending facility based on a finding that such placement or operation would adversely affect the interests of the United States shall be fully justified in writing to the Secretary, who shall determine whether such limitation is justified. A determination made by the Secretary pursuant to this provision shall be binding on any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States affected by such determination. The Secretary shall publish such determination, along with supporting documentation, in the Federal Register.

(June 20, 1936, ch. 638, §1, 49 Stat. 1559; Aug. 3, 1954, ch. 655, §4(a), 68 Stat. 663; Pub. L. 93–516, title II, §202, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1623; Pub. L. 93–651, title II, §202, Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–8.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The content of Pub. L. 93–516, including provisions thereof which amended and enacted various sections of this chapter, were originally contained in H.R. 14225, 93rd Congress, Second Session, which was pocket-vetoed during the 31-day intrasession adjournment of the 93rd Congress for the Congressional elections in November, 1974. See 1974 Amendment note below.

Pursuant to an order of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Kennedy v. Jones, D.C.D.C. 1976, 412 F.Supp. 353) H.R. 14225 was deemed to have become law without the approval of the President on Nov. 21, 1974, and was given the designation Pub. L. 93–651. Therefore, for purposes of codification, this chapter should be deemed to have been amended by Pub. L. 93–651, Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–3, in exactly the same manner as it was amended by Pub. L. 93–516.

Amendments

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–516 designated first sentence of existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "purposes" for "purpose", "vending facilities" for "vending stands", and struck out "where such vending stands may be properly and satisfactorily operated by blind persons". An identical amendment was made by Pub. L. 93–651. See Codification note above.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–516 designated second sentence of existing provisions as subsec. (b), in the provisions preceding par. (1) of subsec. (b) as so designated, substituted reference to vending facilities for reference to vending stands, substituted provisions requiring that priority be given to blind persons for provisions requiring that preference be given so far as feasible to blind persons, substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary after consultation with the Administrator of General Services, and other heads of departments, agencies, or instrumentalities of the United States in control of maintenance, operation, and protection of Federal property to prescribe regulations for provisions authorizing the head of each department or agency in control of the maintenance, operation, and protection of Federal property after consultation with the Secretary and with the approval of the President to prescribe regulations, struck out provisions that such regulations assure such preference including assignment of vending machine income to achieve and protect such preference for such blind persons without unduly inconveniencing such departments and agencies or adversely affecting the interests of the United States, and added pars. (1) and (2) and provisions following par. (2). An identical amendment was made by Pub. L. 93–651. See Codification note above.

1954—Act Aug. 3, 1954, provided that in authorizing the operation of vending stands preference shall be given, so far as feasible, to blind persons.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1954 Amendment

Amendment by act Aug. 3, 1954, effective July 1, 1954, see section 8 of act Aug. 3, 1954, set out as a note under section 49b of Title 29, Labor.

Short Title of 1974 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–516, title II, §200, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1622, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 107b–1 to 107b–3 and 107d–1 to 107d–4 of this title, amending this section, sections 107a, 107b, 107d, 107e of this title, and section 5108 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing sections 107c and 107e–1 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 702 of Title 29, Labor] may be cited as the 'Randolph-Sheppard Act Amendments of 1974'."

An identical provision is in section 200 of Pub. L. 93–651. See Codification note above.

Short Title of 1954 Amendment

Act Aug. 3, 1954, ch. 655, §1, 68 Stat. 652, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 107e–1 of this title and amending this section and sections 107a, 107b, 107e, and 107f of this title and sections 31 to 41, 42, 49b, and 49g of Title 29, Labor] may be cited as the 'Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments of 1954'."

Short Title

Act June 20, 1936, ch. 638, §11, as added by Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VIII, §852(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1556, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Randolph-Sheppard Act'."

The act June 20, 1936 is also popularly known as the "Randolph-Sheppard Vending Stand Act".

Congressional Findings

Pub. L. 93–516, title II, §201, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1622, provided that: "The Congress finds—

"(1) after review of the operation of the blind vending stand program authorized under the Randolph-Sheppard Act of June 20, 1936 [this chapter], that the program has not developed, and has not been sustained, in the manner and spirit in which the Congress intended at the time of its enactment, and that, in fact, the growth of the program has been inhibited by a number of external forces;

"(2) that the potential exists for doubling the number of blind operators on Federal and other property under the Randolph-Sheppard program within the next five years, provided the obstacles to growth are removed, that legislative and administrative means exist to remove such obstacles, and that Congress should adopt legislation to that end; and

"(3) that at a minimum the following actions must be taken to insure the continued vitality and expansion of the Randolph-Sheppard program—

"(A) establish uniformity of treatment of blind vendors by all Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities,

"(B) establish guidelines for the operation of the program by State licensing agencies,

"(C) require coordination among the several entities with responsibility for the program,

"(D) establish a priority for vending facilities operated by blind vendors on Federal property,

"(E) establish administrative and judicial procedures under which fair treatment of blind vendors, State licensing agencies, and the Federal Government is assured,

"(F) require stronger administration and oversight functions in the Federal office carrying out the program, and

"(G) accomplish other legislative and administrative objectives which will permit the Randolph-Sheppard program to flourish."

An identical provision is in section 201 of Pub. L. 93–651. See Codification note above.