22 U.S.C. § 2735b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2735b: National Museum of American Diplomacy
National Museum of American Diplomacy
Status: in_force

(a) Activities

(1) Support authorized

The Secretary is authorized to provide, by contract, grant, or otherwise, for the performance of appropriate museum visitor and educational outreach services and related events, including—

(A) organizing programs and conference activities;

(B) creating, designing, and installing exhibits; and

(C) conducting museum shop services and food services in the public exhibition and related physical and virtual space utilized by the National Museum of American Diplomacy.

(2) Recovery of costs

The Secretary of State is authorized to retain the proceeds obtained from customary and appropriate fees charged for the use of facilities, including venue rental for events consistent with the activities described in subsection (a)(1) and museum shop services and food services at the National Museum of American Diplomacy. Such proceeds shall be retained as a recovery of the costs of operating the Museum, credited to a designated Department account that exists for the purpose of funding the Museum and its programs and activities, and shall remain available until expended.

(b) Disposition of documents, artifacts, and other articles

(1) Property

All historic documents, artifacts, or other articles acquired by the Department of State for the permanent museum collection and determined by the Secretary of State to be suitable for display by the National Museum of American Diplomacy shall be considered to be the property of the United States Government and shall be subject to disposition solely in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Sale, trade, or transfer

Whenever the Secretary of State makes a determination described in paragraph (3) with respect to a document, artifact, or other article described in paragraph (1), taking into account considerations such as the Museum's collections management policy and best professional museum practice, the Secretary may sell at fair market value, trade, or transfer such document, artifact, or other article without regard to the requirements of subtitle I of title 40. The proceeds of any such sale may be used solely for the advancement of the activities described in subsection (a)(1) of the National Museum of American Diplomacy and may not be used for any purpose other than the acquisition and direct care of the collections of the Museum.

(3) Determinations prior to sale, trade, or transfer

The determination described in this paragraph with respect to a document, artifact, or other article described in paragraph (1) is a determination that—

(A) the document, artifact, or other article no longer serves to further the mission of the National Museum of American Diplomacy as set forth in the collections management policy of the Museum;

(B) the sale at a fair market price based on an independent appraisal or trade or transfer of the document, artifact, or other article would serve to maintain or enhance the Museum collection; and

(C) the sale, trade, or transfer of the document, artifact, or other article would be in the best interests of the United States.

(4) Loans

In addition to the authorization under paragraph (2) relating to the sale, trade, or transfer of documents, artifacts, or other articles described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of State may—

(A) loan the documents, artifacts, or other articles to other institutions, both foreign and domestic, for repair, study, or exhibition when not needed for use or display by the National Museum of American Diplomacy; and

(B) borrow documents, artifacts, or other articles from other institutions or individuals, both foreign and domestic, for activities consistent with subsection (a)(1).

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §65, as added Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXII, §7206, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2530.)
22 U.S.C. § 8742 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 94: IRAN THREAT REDUCTION AND SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS / Subchapter III: SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO IRAN'S REVOLUTIONARY GUARD CORPS / Section 8742: Identification of, and imposition of sanctions with respect to, persons that support or conduct certain transactions with Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps or other sanctioned persons
Identification of, and imposition of sanctions with respect to, persons that support or conduct certain transactions with Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps or other sanctioned persons
Status: in_force

(a) Identification

(1) In general

Not later than 90 days after August 10, 2012, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report identifying foreign persons that the President determines, on or after August 10, 2012, knowingly—

(A) materially assist, sponsor, or provide financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps or any of its officials, agents, or affiliates the property and interests in property of which are blocked pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.);

(B) engage in a significant transaction or transactions with Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps or any of its officials, agents, or affiliates—

(i) the property and interests in property of which are blocked pursuant to that Act; or

(ii) that are identified under section 8741(a)(1) of this title or pursuant to paragraph (4)(A) of section 8513(c) of this title, as added by section 312; or

(C) engage in a significant transaction or transactions with—

(i) a person subject to financial sanctions pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), or 1929 (2010), or any other resolution that is adopted by the Security Council and imposes sanctions with respect to Iran or modifies such sanctions; or

(ii) a person acting on behalf of or at the direction of, or owned or controlled by, a person described in clause (i).

(2) Form of report

A report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.

(3) Barter transactions

For purposes of paragraph (1), the term "transaction" includes a barter transaction.

(b) Imposition of sanctions

If the President determines under subsection (a)(1) that a foreign person has knowingly engaged in an activity described in that subsection, the President—

(1) shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 6(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by section 204; and

(2) may impose additional sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) with respect to the person.

(c) Termination

The President may terminate a sanction imposed with respect to a foreign person pursuant to subsection (b) if the President determines that the person—

(1) no longer engages in the activity for which the sanction was imposed; and

(2) has provided assurances to the President that the person will not engage in any activity described in subsection (a)(1) in the future.

(d) Waiver of imposition of sanctions

(1) In general

The President may waive the imposition of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President—

(A)(i) determines that the person has ceased the activity for which sanctions would otherwise be imposed and has taken measures to prevent a recurrence of the activity; or

(ii) determines that it is essential to the national security interests of the United States to do so; and

(B) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report that—

(i) identifies the foreign person with respect to which the waiver applies;

(ii) describes the activity that would otherwise subject the foreign person to the imposition of sanctions under subsection (b); and

(iii) sets forth the reasons for the determination.

(2) Form of report

A report submitted under paragraph (1)(B) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.

(e) Waiver of identifications and designations

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter and subject to paragraph (2), the President shall not be required to make any identification of a foreign person under subsection (a) or any identification or designation of a foreign person under section 8741(a) of this title if the President—

(1) determines that doing so would cause damage to the national security of the United States; and

(2) notifies the appropriate congressional committees of the exercise of the authority provided under this subsection.

(f) Application of provisions of Iran Sanctions Act of 1996

The following provisions of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by this Act, apply with respect to the imposition under subsection (b)(1) of sanctions relating to activities described in subsection (a)(1) to the same extent that such provisions apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under section 5(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996:

(1) Subsections (c) and (e) of section 4.

(2) Subsections (c), (d), and (f) of section 5.

(3) Section 8.

(4) Section 9.

(5) Section 11.

(6) Section 12.

(7) Subsection (b) of section 13.

(8) Section 14.

(Pub. L. 112–158, title III, §302, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1243.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1)(A), (B)(i) and (b)(2), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

Section 8513(c) of this title, as added by section 312, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B)(ii), means section 8513(c) of this title, as added by section 312 of Pub. L. 112–158.

The Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1) and (f), is Pub. L. 104–172, Aug. 5, 1996, 110 Stat. 1541, which is set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 6(a) of the Act, as amended by section 204, is section 6(a) of Pub. L. 104–172, as amended by section 204 of Pub. L. 112–158.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (f), is Pub. L. 112–158, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1214, known as the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 1079m (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM / Section 1079m: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(16), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(16), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160
Status: repealed

Section 1079m, Pub. L. 89–308, §2, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1129, related to adjustment in annuities for service terminated before Oct. 16, 1960.

Section 1079n, Pub. L. 89–308, §3, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1130, related to benefit of surviving widow of annuitant whose service terminated before Oct. 16, 1960, and who has elected deferred annuity and dies before becoming eligible.

Section 1079o, Pub. L. 89–308, §4, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1130, related to benefit of surviving widow of annuitant who retired before Oct. 16, 1960, and who died before Oct. 31, 1965.

Section 1079p, Pub. L. 89–308, §5, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1131, related to increase in annuity for widows receiving less than $2,400.

Section 1079q, Pub. L. 89–308, §6, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1131, related to annuity benefits of widows under sections 1079m to 1079p of this title in lieu of any other benefits.

Section 1079r, Pub. L. 89–308, §7, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1131, provided for effective date for increases, adjustments, or grants of annuity.

Section 1079s, Pub. L. 89–308, §8, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1131, related to payments of annuity benefits from Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3373 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 48A: TAIWAN ENHANCED RESILIENCE / Subchapter III: INCLUSION OF TAIWAN IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / Section 3373: Meaningful participation of Taiwan in the International Civil Aviation Organization
Meaningful participation of Taiwan in the International Civil Aviation Organization
Status: in_force

(a) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) should allow Taiwan to meaningfully participate in the organization, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms;

(2) Taiwan is a global leader and hub for international aviation, with a range of expertise, information, and resources and the fifth busiest airport in Asia (Taoyuan International Airport), and its meaningful participation in ICAO would significantly enhance the ability of ICAO to ensure the safety and security of global aviation; and

(3) coercion by the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China has ensured the systematic exclusion of Taiwan from meaningful participation in ICAO, significantly undermining the ability of ICAO to ensure the safety and security of global aviation.

(b) Plan for Taiwan's meaningful participation in the International Civil Aviation Organization

The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Transportation, is authorized—

(1) to initiate a United States plan to secure Taiwan's meaningful participation in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms; and

(2) to instruct the United States representative to the ICAO to—

(A) use the voice and vote of the United States to ensure Taiwan's meaningful participation in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms; and

(B) seek to secure a vote at the next ICAO triennial assembly session on the question of Taiwan's participation in that session.

(c) Report concerning Taiwan's meaningful participation in the International Civil Aviation Organization

Not later than 90 days after December 23, 2022, and not later than April 1 of each year thereafter for the following 6 years, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives an unclassified report that—

(1) describes the United States plan to ensure Taiwan's meaningful participation in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms;

(2) includes an account of the efforts made by the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce to ensure Taiwan's meaningful participation in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms; and

(3) identifies the steps the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce will take in the next year to ensure Taiwan's meaningful participation in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms.

(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5519, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3319.)
22 U.S.C. § 6435 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter II: COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Section 6435: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission $3,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2025 and 2026 to carry out the provisions of this chapter and section 6433a of this title.

(b) Availability of funds

Amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a) shall remain available until the earlier of—

(1) the date on which they have been expended; or

(2) the date on which the Commission is terminated under section 6436 of this title.

(c) Limitation

In each fiscal year, the Commission shall only be authorized to expend amounts that have been appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) if the Commission—

(1) complies with the requirements set forth in section 6433a of this title; and

(2) submits the annual financial report required under section 6435a(e) of this title to the appropriate congressional committees.

(Pub. L. 105–292, title II, §207, formerly §205, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2800; renumbered §207 and amended Pub. L. 106–55, §1(b)(2), (4), Aug. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 401, 403; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, §681(e), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 112–75, §4, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 113–271, §1(1), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2951; Pub. L. 114–71, §5, Oct. 16, 2015, 129 Stat. 565; Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title VIII, §808, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3079; Pub. L. 117–181, §2(a), Sept. 30, 2022, 136 Stat. 2177; Pub. L. 118–90, §2(a), Sept. 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1559.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, known as the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–90 substituted "2025 and 2026" for "2023 and 2024".

2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–181 substituted "2023 and 2024" for "2019 through 2022".

2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–94 substituted "2019 through 2022" for "2016 to 2019".

2015—Pub. L. 114–71 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section authorized appropriations for fiscal years 2012 through 2015.

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–271 substituted "2015" for "2014".

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–75 substituted "for each of the fiscal years 2012 through 2014" for "for the fiscal year 2003".

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted "for the fiscal year 2003" after "$3,000,000".

1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–55, §1(b)(4), substituted "to carry out the provisions of this subchapter" for "for each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000 to carry out the provisions of this subchapter."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–271, §2, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2951, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 6436 of this title] shall take effect as if enacted on December 10, 2014."
22 U.S.C. § 293 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 8: FOREIGN SERVICE BUILDINGS / Section 293: Repealed. Pub. L. 88-94, §2(a), Aug. 12, 1963, 77 Stat. 122
Repealed. Pub. L. 88-94, §2(a), Aug. 12, 1963, 77 Stat. 122
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 7, 1926, ch. 250, §2, 44 Stat. 404; May 29, 1928, ch. 876, §2, 45 Stat. 971; June 19, 1952, ch. 446, §1, 66 Stat. 140, established the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, prescribed its duties, abolished the prior commission, authorized the issuance of rules and regulations, required annual reports to Congress and provided for appointment of personnel.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Foreign Service Buildings Commission; References in Other Laws

Pub. L. 88–94, §2(g), Aug. 12, 1963, 77 Stat. 122, provided that: "All references to the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, originally established by the Foreign Service Buildings Act, 1926 [this chapter] in all laws of the United States are hereby repealed."
22 U.S.C. § 6745 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 75: CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION / Subchapter III: REPORTS / Section 6745: Recordkeeping violations
Recordkeeping violations
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to fail or refuse—

(1) to establish or maintain any record required by this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter;

(2) to submit any report, notice, or other information to the United States Government in accordance with this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter; or

(3) to permit access to or copying of any record that is exempt from disclosure under this chapter or any regulation prescribed under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. I, title IV, §405, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–883.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. I of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–856, known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 294a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 8: FOREIGN SERVICE BUILDINGS / Section 294a: Contracts requiring payment in foreign currency
Contracts requiring payment in foreign currency
Status: in_force

Whenever a contract is made for the construction, alteration, or repair of a Foreign Service building which requires payments in a foreign currency, the Secretary of State is authorized to purchase such currency at such times and in such amounts (within the total amount of the payments to be made under such contract) as he may deem necessary, the currency so purchased to be disbursed and accounted for at its cost price.

(May 14, 1940, ch. 189, title I, 54 Stat. 186.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as a part of the Foreign Service Buildings Act, 1926, which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

Prior similar provisions were contained in act June 29, 1939, ch. 248, title I, 53 Stat. 890.
22 U.S.C. § 3408 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 49: SUPPORT OF PEACE TREATY BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL / Subchapter I: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT / Section 3408: Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons
Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons
Status: in_force

In accordance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 [22 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.], the Congress strongly encourages all countries in the Middle East which are not parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to become parties to that Treaty.

(Pub. L. 96–35, §10, July 20, 1979, 93 Stat. 93.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, which is classified principally to chapter 47 (§3201 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 2152k (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2152k: Assistance to improve early childhood outcomes globally
Assistance to improve early childhood outcomes globally
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(2) Early childhood development

The term "early childhood development" means the development and learning of a child younger than 8 years of age, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development and approaches to learning that allow a child to reach his or her full developmental potential.

(3) Early childhood development program

The term "early childhood development program" means a program that seeks to ensure that every child has the conditions for healthy growth, nurturing family-based care, development and learning, and protection from violence, exploitation, abuse, and neglect, which may include—

(A) a health, safe water, sanitation, and hygiene program that serves pregnant women, children younger than 5 years of age, and the parents of such children;

(B) a nutrition program, combined with stimulating child development activity;

(C) age appropriate cognitive stimulation, especially for newborns, infants, and toddlers, including an early childhood intervention program for children experiencing at-risk situations, developmental delays, disabilities, and behavioral and mental health conditions;

(D) an early learning (36 months and younger), preschool, and basic education program for children until they reach 8 years of age or complete primary school; or

(E) a child protection program, with an emphasis on the promotion of permanent, safe, and nurturing families, rather than placement in residential care or institutions, including for children with disabilities.

(4) Relevant Federal departments and agencies

The term "relevant Federal departments and agencies" means—

(A) the Department of State;

(B) the United States Agency for International Development;

(C) the Department of the Treasury;

(D) the Department of Labor;

(E) the Department of Education;

(F) the Department of Agriculture;

(G) the Department of Defense;

(H) the Department of Health and Human Services, including—

(i) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and

(ii) the National Institutes of Health;

(I) the Millennium Challenge Corporation;

(J) the Peace Corps; and

(K) any other department or agency specified by the President for the purposes of this section.

(5) Residential care

The term "residential care" means care provided in any non-family-based group setting, including orphanages, transit or interim care centers, children's homes, children's villages or cottage complexes, group homes, and boarding schools used primarily for care purposes as an alternative to a children's home.

(b) Statement of policy

It is the policy of the United States—

(1) to support early childhood development in relevant foreign assistance programs, including by integrating evidence-based, efficient, and effective interventions into relevant strategies and programs, in coordination with partner countries, other donors, international organizations, international financial institutions, local and international nongovernmental organizations, private sector partners, and civil society, including faith-based and community-based organizations; and

(2) to encourage partner countries to lead early childhood development initiatives that include incentives for building local capacity for continued implementation and measurable results, by—

(A) scaling up the most effective, evidence-based, national interventions, including for the most vulnerable populations and children with disabilities and developmental delays, with a focus on adaptation to country resources, cultures, and languages;

(B) designing, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs in a manner that enhances their quality, transparency, equity, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness in improving child and family outcomes in partner countries; and

(C) utilizing and expanding innovative public-private financing mechanisms.

(c) Implementation

(1) In general

Not later than 1 year after January 1, 2021, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development on behalf of the President and in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall direct relevant Federal departments and agencies—

(A) to incorporate, to the extent practical and relevant, early childhood development into foreign assistance programs to be carried out during the following 5 fiscal years; and

(B) to promote inclusive early childhood development in partner countries.

(2) Elements

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Administrator, the Secretary, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies as appropriate shall—

(A) build on the evidence and priorities outlined in "Advancing Protection and Care for Children in Adversity: A U.S. Government Strategy for International Assistance 2019–2023", published in June 2019 (referred to in this section as "APCCA");

(B) to the extent practicable, identify evidence-based strategic priorities, indicators, outcomes, and targets, particularly emphasizing the most vulnerable populations and children with disabilities and developmental delays, to support inclusive early childhood development;

(C) support the design, implementation, and evaluation of pilot projects in partner countries, with the goal of taking such projects to scale;

(D) support inclusive early childhood development within all relevant sector strategies and public laws, including—

(i) the Global Water Strategy required under section 2152h(j) of this title;

(ii) the whole-of-government strategy required under section 9304 of this title;

(iii) the Basic Education Strategy set forth in section 2151c(c) of this title;

(iv) the U.S. Government Global Nutrition Coordination Plan, 2016–2021; and

(v) APCCA; and others as appropriate;

(E) improve coordination with foreign governments and international and regional organizations with respect to official country policies and plans to improve early childhood development, maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition care, basic education, water, sanitation and hygiene, and child protection plans which promote nurturing, appropriate, protective, and permanent family care, while reducing the percentage of children living outside of family care, including in residential care or on the street; and

(F) consult with partner countries, other donors, international organizations, international financial institutions, local and international nongovernmental organizations, private sector partners and faith-based and community-based organizations, as appropriate.

(d) Annual report on the implementation of the strategy

The Special Advisor for Children in Adversity shall include, in the annual report required under section 2152g of this title, which shall be submitted to the appropriate congressional committees and made publicly available, a description of—

(1) the progress made toward integrating early childhood development interventions into relevant strategies and programs;

(2) the efforts made by relevant Federal departments and agencies to implement subsection (c), with a particular focus on the activities described in such subsection; and

(3) the progress achieved during the reporting period toward meeting the goals, objectives, benchmarks, and timeframes described in subsection (c) at the program level, along with specific challenges or gaps that may require shifts in targeting or financing in the following fiscal year.

(e) Interagency task force

The Special Advisor for Assistance to Orphans and Vulnerable Children should establish and regularly convene an Interagency Working Group on Children in Adversity which, among other things, will coordinate—

(1) intergovernmental and interagency monitoring, evaluation, and reporting of the activities carried out pursuant to this section;

(2) early childhood development initiatives that include children with a variety of needs and circumstances; and

(3) United States Government early childhood development programs, strategies, and partnerships across relevant Federal departments and agencies.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §137, as added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1283(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3985.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Rule of Construction

Nothing in enactment of this section to be construed to restrict or abrogate any other authorization for United States Agency for International Development activities or programs, see section 1285 of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note under section 2152f of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 283ii (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XII: INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / Section 283ii: Securities issued by the Corporation
Securities issued by the Corporation
Status: in_force

(a) Exempted securities

Any securities issued by the Corporation (including any guarantee by the Corporation, whether or not limited in scope) in connection with the raising of funds for inclusion in the Corporation's resources as defined in article II, section 2 of the agreement, and any securities guaranteed by the Corporation as to both principal and interest to which the commitment in article II, section 2(e) of the agreement is expressly applicable, shall be deemed to be exempted securities within the meaning of section 77c(a)(2) of title 15 and section 78c(a)(12) of title 15. The Corporation shall file with the Securities and Exchange Commission such annual and other reports with regard to such securities as the Commission shall determine to be appropriate in view of the special character of the Corporation and its operations as necessary in the public interest or for the protection of investors.

(b) Suspension by Securities and Exchange Commission

The Securities and Exchange Commission, acting in consultation with such agency or officer as the President shall designate, is authorized to suspend the provisions of subsection (a) at any time as to any or all securities issued or guaranteed by the Corporation during the period of such suspension. The Commission shall include in its annual reports to Congress such information as it shall deem advisable with regard to the operations and effect of this section and in connection therewith shall include any views submitted for such purpose by any association of dealers registered with the Commission.

(Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(1) [title I], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1885.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is based on section 210 of title II of S. 2416, Ninety-eighth Congress, as introduced Mar. 13, 1984, and enacted into law by Pub. L. 98–473.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 12567, Oct. 2, 1986, 51 F.R. 35495, provided that: "The functions vested in the President by Section 210 of the Inter-American Investment Corporation Act [this section] are hereby delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury."
22 U.S.C. § 4043 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4043: Participants
Participants
Status: in_force

(a) Career appointees or candidates; chiefs of mission

Except as provided in subsection (d), the following members of the Service (hereinafter in this part referred to as "participants") shall be entitled to the benefits of the System:

(1) Every member who is serving under a career appointment or as a career candidate under section 3946 of this title—

(A) in the Senior Foreign Service, or

(B) assigned to a salary class in the Foreign Service Schedule.

(2) Every chief of mission, who is not a participant under paragraph (1), who—

(A) has served as chief of mission for an aggregate period of 20 years or more, and

(B) has paid into the Fund a special contribution for each year of such service in accordance with section 4045 of this title.

(b) Executive branch appointees

Any otherwise eligible member of the Service who is appointed to a position in the executive branch by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, or by the President alone, shall not by virtue of the acceptance of such appointment cease to be eligible to participate in the System.

(c) Binational Center Grantees

In addition to the individuals who are participants in the System under subsection (a), any individual who was appointed as a Binational Center Grantee and who completed at least 5 years of satisfactory service as such a grantee or under any other appointment under the Foreign Service Act of 1946 may become a participant in the System, and shall receive credit for such service if an appropriate special contribution is made to the Fund in accordance with section 4045(d) or (f) of this title.

(d) Exclusion

An individual subject to the Foreign Service Pension System (described in part II) is not a participant in this System.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §803, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2102; Pub. L. 99–335, title IV, §§402(a)(2), 414, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 609, 614.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Service Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, titles I to X, 60 Stat. 999, which was classified principally to chapter 14 (§801 et seq.) of this title, and was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, 2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159.

Amendments

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–335, §§402(a)(2), 414(1), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (d), the" for "The" and "part" for "subchapter" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–335, §414(2), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
22 U.S.C. § 1645a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter VII: CLAIMS AGAINST VIETNAM / Section 1645a: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter—

(1) the term "National of the United States" means—

(A) a natural person who is a citizen of the United States; and

(B) a corporation or other legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States or of any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, if natural persons who are citizens of the United States own, directly or indirectly, 50 per centum or more of the outstanding capital stock or other beneficial interest of such corporation or entity;

(2) the term "Commission" means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States;

(3) the term "property" means—

(A) any property, right, or interest, including any leasehold interest,

(B) any debt owed by Vietnam or by any enterprise which has been nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise taken by Vietnam, and

(C) any debt which is a charge on property which has been nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise taken by Vietnam;

(4) the term "Vietnam" means—

(A) the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,

(B) any predecessor governing authority operating in South Vietnam on or after April 29, 1975, including the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam,

(C) the Government of the former Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and

(D) any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of any of the entities referred to in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C); and

(5) the term "Claims Fund" means the special fund established in the Treasury of the United States composed of such sums as may be paid to or realized by the United States pursuant to the terms of any agreement settling those claims described in section 1645b of this title that may be entered into between the Governments of the United States and Vietnam.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title VII, §702, as added Pub. L. 96–606, Dec. 28, 1980, 94 Stat. 3534.)
22 U.S.C. § 6511 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 74: FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES CONSOLIDATION / Subchapter II: UNITED STATES ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY / Section 6511: Abolition of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Abolition of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Status: in_force

The United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency is abolished.

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1211, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–767.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1201, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–767, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification], and the amendments made by this title, shall take effect on the earlier of—

"(1) April 1, 1999; or

"(2) the date of abolition [Apr. 1, 1999] of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency pursuant to the reorganization plan described in section 1601 [22 U.S.C. 6601]."
22 U.S.C. § 6961 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 77: UNITED STATES-CHINA RELATIONS / Subchapter IV: TRADE AND RULE OF LAW ISSUES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA / Section 6961: Establishment of Task Force
Establishment of Task Force
Status: in_force

There is hereby established a task force on prohibition of importation of products of forced or prison labor from the People's Republic of China (hereafter in this part referred to as the "Task Force").

(Pub. L. 106–286, div. B, title V, §501, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 903.)
22 U.S.C. § 282g (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XI: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION / Section 282g: Status, privileges, and immunities of the United States
Status, privileges, and immunities of the United States
Status: in_force

The provisions of article V, section 5(d), and article VI, sections 2 to 9, both inclusive, of the Articles of Agreement of the Corporation shall have full force and effect in the United States and its Territories and possessions upon acceptance of membership by the United States in, and the establishment of, the Corporation.

(Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 788, §9, 69 Stat. 670.)
22 U.S.C. § 3851 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter II: TREATY TRANSITION PERIOD / Section 3851: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXV, §3546(a)(4), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-201, div. C, title XXXV, §3546(a)(4), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868
Status: repealed

Section 3851, Pub. L. 96–70, title II, §2401, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 495, related to vesting of authority in the President during transition period.

Section 3852, Pub. L. 96–70, title II, §2402, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 495, related to commitment of prisoners to custody of Attorney General or Commission.
22 U.S.C. § 1571 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 20: MUTUAL DEFENSE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1571: Repealed. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §542(a)(5), (9)-(11), 68 Stat. 861
Repealed. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §542(a)(5), (9)-(11), 68 Stat. 861
Status: repealed

Section 1571, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, §1, 63 Stat. 714, related to Congressional declaration of findings and policy.

Section 1572, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §401, 63 Stat. 716, related to furnishing of military assistance without payment and limitation. See section 2355 of this title.

Section 1573, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §402, 63 Stat. 717, related to agreements with other nations prior to furnishing aid and provisions thereof.

Section 1574, acts Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §403, 63 Stat. 717; July 26, 1950, ch. 491, §§9, 10, 64 Stat. 375; Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, §526, 65 Stat. 385; June 20, 1952, ch. 449, §8(a), 66 Stat. 148; July 16, 1953, ch. 195, ch. VII, §707(a), 67 Stat. 160, related to funds.

Section 1575, acts Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §404, 63 Stat. 718; July 26, 1950, ch. 491, §11, 64 Stat. 376, related to delegation of President's powers. See section 2381 of this title.

Section 1576, acts Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §405, 63 Stat. 718; July 26, 1950, ch. 491, §13, 64 Stat. 377, related to termination of assistance. See section 2367 of this title.

Section 1577, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §406, 63 Stat. 718, related to personnel.

Section 1578, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §407, 63 Stat. 719, related to unaffected laws and performance of functions by President.

Section 1579, acts Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §408(a)–(d), 63 Stat. 719; July 26, 1950, ch. 491, §12(b), 64 Stat. 376; Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, §101(a)(1), 65 Stat. 374, related to operational funds.

Section 1580, acts Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §408(e), (f), 63 Stat. 720; July 26, 1950, ch. 491, §12(c), 64 Stat. 376; Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, §525, 65 Stat. 385; June 20, 1952, ch. 449, §8(b), 66 Stat. 149; July 16, 1953, ch. 195, ch. VII, §707(b), (c), 67 Stat. 160, related to transfer of equipment, materials, or services to designated nations; reimbursement of "fair value" of goods to United States; limitation on outstanding contracts; and transfers disallowed.

Section 1581, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §409, 63 Stat. 720, related to transportation of equipment, etc., on United States flag vessels; rates. See section 2353 of this title.

Section 1582, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §410, 63 Stat. 720, required President to submit reports to Congress. See section 2353 of this title.

Section 1583, acts Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §411, 63 Stat. 720; July 16, 1953, ch. 195, title VII, §707(d), 67 Stat. 161, defined "equipment" and "materials", "mobilization reserve", "excess", "services", "agency", "Armed Forces of the United States", and "nation". See section 2403 of this title.

Section 1584, act Oct. 6, 1949, ch. 626, title IV, §412, 63 Stat. 721, prescribed penalties for accepting commissions, etc., for procurement services by United States officers and employees.
22 U.S.C. § 8801 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 95: IRAN FREEDOM AND COUNTERPROLIFERATION / Section 8801: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In this chapter:

(1) Agricultural commodity

The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7.

(2) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the committees specified in section 14(2) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note); and

(B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

(3) Coal

The term "coal" means metallurgical coal, coking coal, or fuel coke.

(4) Correspondent account; payable-through account

The terms "correspondent account" and "payable-through account" have the meanings given those terms in section 5318A of title 31.

(5) Foreign financial institution

The term "foreign financial institution" has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 8513(i) of this title.

(6) Good

The term "good" has the meaning given that term in section 4618 1 of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)).

(7) Iranian financial institution

The term "Iranian financial institution" has the meaning given that term in section 8513b(d) of this title.

(8) Iranian person

The term "Iranian person" means—

(A) an individual who is a citizen or national of Iran; and

(B) an entity organized under the laws of Iran or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of Iran.

(9) Knowingly

The term "knowingly", with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.

(10) Medical device

The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 321 of title 21.

(11) Medicine

The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 321 of title 21.

(12) Shipping

The term "shipping" refers to the transportation of goods by a vessel and related activities.

(13) United States person

The term "United States person" has the meaning given that term in section 8511 of this title.

(14) Vessel

The term "vessel" has the meaning given that term in section 3 of title 1.

(b) Determinations of significance

For purposes of this chapter, in determining if financial transactions or financial services are significant, the President may consider the totality of the facts and circumstances, including factors similar to the factors set forth in section 561.404 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

(Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XII, §1242, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2004.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle D (§§1241–1255) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 112–239, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2004, known as the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of subtitle D to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Section 4618 of title 50, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XII, §1241, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2004, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (§§1241–1255) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 112–239, enacting this chapter and section 8514c of this title, amending sections 8513a and 8551 of this title and section 2335 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2333 and 2335 of Title 18] may be cited as the 'Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012'."

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 13716

Ex. Ord. No. 13716, Jan. 16, 2016, 81 F.R. 3693, which provided implementation authorities for aspects of certain statutory sanctions relating to Iran outside the scope of U.S. commitments under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action of July 14, 2015, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13846, §9(b), Aug. 6, 2018, 83 F.R. 38945, listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Delegation of Certain Functions and Authorities Under the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 3, 2013, 78 F.R. 35545, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State[,] the Secretary of the Treasury[,] the Attorney General[,] the Secretary of Energy[,] the Secretary of Commerce[,] the Secretary of Homeland Security[, the] United States Trade Representative[,] the Director of National Intelligence[, the] Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System[, and the] President of the Export-Import Bank

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby order as follows:

I hereby delegate functions and authorities vested in the President by the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 (subtitle D of title XII of [division A of] Public Law 112–239) (22 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) (IFCA), as follows:

• Section 1244(c)(1) and (c)(2) [22 U.S.C. 8803(c)(1), (c)(2)] to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State;

• Section 1244(d)(1)(A) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretaries of the Treasury and Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172) (50 U.S.C. 1701 note), as amended (ISA), are selected pursuant to section 1244(d)(1)(A), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Section 1244(d)(2) to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State;

• Section 1244(f) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury;

• Section 1244(i) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury;

• Section 1245(a)(1)(A) [22 U.S.C. 8804(a)(1)(A)] to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretaries of State and Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1245(a)(1)(A), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Sections [sic] 1245(a)(1)(B) and (C) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretaries of the Treasury and Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1245(a)(1)(B) or (C), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Section 1245(c) to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State;

• Section 1245(e) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury;

• Section 1245(f) to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility, in consultation with each other;

• Section 1245(g) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury;

• Section 1246(a)(1)(A) [22 U.S.C. 8805(a)(1)(A)] to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility, in consultation with each other, the Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1246(a)(1)(A), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Sections [sic] 1246(a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretaries of the Treasury and Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1246(a)(1)(B)(i) or (ii), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Section 1246(a)(1)(B)(iii) to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility, in consultation with each other, the Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1246(a)(1)(B)(iii), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Section 1246(a)(1)(C) to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretaries of State and Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1246(a)(1)(C), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA;

• Section 1246(d) to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility, in consultation with each other;

• Section 1246(e) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury;

• Section 1247(a) [22 U.S.C. 8806(a)] to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State;

• Section 1247(f) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury;

• Section 1248(b)(1) [22 U.S.C. 8807(b)(1)] to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, with respect to the requirement to impose applicable sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA) described in section 105(c) of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–195) (22 U.S.C. 8501 et seq.) (CISADA), and with respect to the requirement to include the sanctioned persons on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury;

• Section 1248(b)(1) to the Secretary of State, with respect to the requirement to impose visa sanctions described in section 105(c) of CISADA;

• Section 1248(b)(3) to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, with respect to application of section 401(b) of CISADA to IEEPA sanctions imposed under section 1248(b)(1)(A) of IFCA;

• Section 1248(b)(3) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security on matters related to admissibility or inadmissibility within the authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to application of section 401(b) of CISADA to visa sanctions imposed under section 1248(b)(1)(A) of IFCA;

• Section 1252(a) [22 U.S.C. 8808(a)] to the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with the Secretaries of State and the Treasury;

• Section 1253(a) [22 U.S.C. 8809(a)] to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of State, commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility outlined in this memorandum;

• Section 1253(c)(1) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretaries of the Treasury and Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate;

• Section 1253(c)(2) to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility, in consultation with each other, the Secretary of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, and with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other agencies as appropriate, and, once applicable sanctions outlined in section 6(a) of ISA are selected pursuant to section 1244(d)(1)(A), 1245(a)(1), or 1246(a)(1) (including in each case as informed by section 1253(c)(2)), authority to implement such sanctions is delegated to the relevant agency heads commensurate with any delegation of such authorities and consistent with any relevant Executive Orders implementing ISA.

I hereby delegate functions and authorities vested in the President by CISADA, as amended by section 1249 of IFCA, as follows:

• Section 105C(b) [22 U.S.C. 8514c(b)] to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with or at the recommendation of the Secretary of State, with respect to the determinations described in sections [sic] 105C(b)(1);

• Section 105C(b) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to the requirement to submit any lists of persons determined to meet the criteria described in sections [sic] 105C(b)(1), to the appropriate congressional committees as required by sections [sic] 105C(b);

• Section 401(b) [22 U.S.C. 8551(b)] to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to the requirement to include a person on the list described in section 105C(b);

• Sections 105C(a)(1) and 401(b) to the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, with respect to the requirement to impose or maintain applicable sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA) under section 105C(a)(1);

• Section 105C(a)(1) to the Secretary of State, with respect to the requirement to impose or maintain visa sanctions; and

• Section 401(b) to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security on matters related to admissibility or inadmissibility within the authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to functions and waiver authorities regarding the requirement to impose or maintain visa sanctions under sections [sic] 105C(a)(1).

Any reference in this memorandum to provisions of any Act related to the subject of this memorandum shall be deemed to include references to any hereafter-enacted provisions of law that is the same or substantially the same as such provisions.

The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.      

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 288g (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XVIII: PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / Section 288g: Organization of American States; extension of privileges and immunities to members
Organization of American States; extension of privileges and immunities to members
Status: in_force

Under such terms and conditions as he shall determine, the President is hereby authorized to extend, or to enter into an agreement extending, to the representatives of member states (other than the United States) to the Organization of American States and to permanent observers to the Organization of American States, and to members of the staffs of said representatives and permanent observers, the same privileges and immunities, subject to corresponding conditions and obligations, as are enjoyed by diplomatic envoys accredited to the United States.

(July 10, 1952, ch. 628, 66 Stat. 516; Pub. L. 93–149, §1(b), Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 560.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the International Organizations Immunities Act which comprises this subchapter.

Amendments

1973—Pub. L. 93–149 substituted provisions extending diplomatic privileges and immunities to representatives of member states to the Organization of American States, to permanent observers to the Organization of American States, and to member of staff of such representatives and permanent observers, for provisions extending such privileges and immunities to representatives of member states on the Council of the Organization of American State and members of their staff.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 11931. Extension of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities to Permanent Observers to Organization of American States

Ex. Ord. No. 11931, Aug. 3, 1976, 41 F.R. 32689, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Act of November 7, 1973 (87 Stat. 560; 22 U.S.C. 288g), and as President of the United States of America, I extend to Permanent Observers to the Organization of American States, and to the members of the diplomatic staffs of such Permanent Observers, the same privileges and immunities, subject to corresponding conditions and obligations, as are enjoyed by diplomatic envoys accredited to the United States.

This Executive order shall be effective as of November 7, 1973. The enjoyment of privileges and immunities extended hereunder shall be subject to any Agreements entered into between the Government of the United States and the Organization of American States after that date.

Gerald R. Ford.
22 U.S.C. § 1464a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES / Section 1464a: Broadcasting Board of Governors satellite and television
Broadcasting Board of Governors satellite and television
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Broadcasting Board of Governors is authorized to lease or otherwise acquire time on commercial or United States Government satellites for the purpose of transmitting materials and programs to posts and other users abroad.

(b) Broadcast principles

The Congress finds that the long-term interests of the United States are served by communicating directly with the peoples of the world by television. To be effective, the Broadcasting Board of Governors must win the attention and respect of viewers. These principles will therefore govern the television broadcasts of the United States International Television Service:

(1) The United States International Television Service will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. The United States International Television Service news will be accurate and objective.

(2) The United States International Television Service will represent the United States, not any single segment of American society and will, therefore, present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions.

(3) The United States International Television Service will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively and will also present responsible discussions and opinion on these policies.

(c) Programs

The Broadcasting Board of Governors is authorized to produce, acquire, or broadcast television programs, via satellite, only if such programs—

(1) are interactive, consisting of interviews among participants in different locales;

(2) cover news, public affairs, or other current events;

(3) cover official activities of government, Federal or State, including congressional proceedings and news briefings of any agency of the Executive branch; or

(4) are of an artistic or scientific character or are otherwise representative of American culture.

(d) Costs

When a comparable program produced by United States public or commercial broadcasters and producers is available at a cost which is equal to or less than the cost of production by the United States International Television Service, the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall use such materials in preference to the United States International Television Service produced materials.

(e) Allocation of funds

(1) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the Broadcasting Board of Governors not more than $12,000,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and not more than $12,480,000 for the fiscal year 1991 may be obligated or expended for the United States International Television Service.

(2) The Broadcasting Board of Governors shall prepare and submit to the Congress quarterly reports which contain a detailed explanation of expenditures for the United States International Television Service during the fiscal years 1990 and 1991. Such reports shall contain specific justification and supporting information pertaining to all programs, particularly those described in subsection (c)(4), that were produced in-house by the United States International Television Service. Each such report shall include a statement by the Broadcasting Board of Governors that, according to the best information available to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, no comparable United States commercially-produced or public television program is available at a cost which is equal to or less than the cost of production by the United States International Television Service.

(3) Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1990 and $1,500,000 for the fiscal year 1991 shall be available only for the purchase or use of programs produced with grants from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting or produced by United States public broadcasters.

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title II, §205(a), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 50; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(a)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–786.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(A), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "Director of the United States Information Agency".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(B), (C)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "United States Information Agency" and "television broadcasts of the United States International Television Service" for "Agency's television broadcasts (hereinafter in this section referred to as 'USIA–TV')".

Subsec. (b)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(C)(ii), substituted "The United States International Television Service" for "USIA–TV", wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(A), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "Director of the United States Information Agency" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(A), (D), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "Director of the United States Information Agency" and substituted "the United States International Television Service" for "USIA–TV" in two places.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(B), (D), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "United States Information Agency" and "the United States International Television Service" for "USIA–TV".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(D), substituted "the United States International Television Service" for "USIA–TV", wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(A), (B), in first sentence, substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "United States Information Agency", and in last sentence, substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "Director of the United States Information Agency" after "statement by the" and for "United States Information Agency" after "available to the".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(1)(B), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "United States Information Agency".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

Television Service of USIA

Pub. L. 100–204, title II, §207, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1374, which provided that the television and film service of the United States Information Agency was to operate under same criteria and conditions as specified for Voice of America by section 1463 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1336(7), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–790.
22 U.S.C. § 8722 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 94: IRAN THREAT REDUCTION AND SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS / Subchapter II: ADDITIONAL MEASURES RELATING TO SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN / Section 8722: Imposition of sanctions with respect to provision of underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company or the National Iranian Tanker Company
Imposition of sanctions with respect to provision of underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company or the National Iranian Tanker Company
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Except as provided in subsection (b), not later than 60 days after August 10, 2012, the President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 6(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by section 204, with respect to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after August 10, 2012, provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company, the National Iranian Tanker Company, or a successor entity to either such company.

(b) Exceptions

(1) Underwriters and insurance providers exercising due diligence

The President is authorized not to impose sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a person that provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance if the President determines that the person has exercised due diligence in establishing and enforcing official policies, procedures, and controls to ensure that the person does not provide underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company, the National Iranian Tanker Company, or a successor entity to either such company.

(2) Food; medicine; humanitarian assistance

The President may not impose sanctions under subsection (a) for the provision of underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for any activity relating solely to—

(A) the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices to Iran; or

(B) the provision of humanitarian assistance to the people of Iran.

(3) Termination period

The President is authorized not to impose sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a person if the President receives reliable assurances that the person will terminate the provision of underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company, the National Iranian Tanker Company, and any successor entity to either such company, not later than the date that is 120 days after August 10, 2012.

(c) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Agricultural commodity

The term "agricultural commodity" has the meaning given that term in section 5602 of title 7.

(2) Medical device

The term "medical device" has the meaning given the term "device" in section 321 of title 21.

(3) Medicine

The term "medicine" has the meaning given the term "drug" in section 321 of title 21.

(d) Application of provisions of Iran Sanctions Act of 1996

The following provisions of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by this Act, apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under subsection (a) to the same extent that such provisions apply with respect to the imposition of sanctions under section 5(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996:

(1) Subsection (c) of section 4.

(2) Subsections (c), (d), and (f) of section 5.

(3) Section 8.

(4) Section 9.

(5) Section 11.

(6) Section 12.

(7) Subsection (b) of section 13.

(8) Section 14.

(e) Rule of construction and implementation

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the President to impose sanctions pursuant to the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note), the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (22 U.S.C. 8501 et seq.), the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), section 8513a of this title, or any other provision of this Act.

(Pub. L. 112–158, title II, §212, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1229.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section, see section 8785(a) of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, referred to in subsecs. (a), (d), and (e), is Pub. L. 104–172, Aug. 5, 1996, 110 Stat. 1541, which is set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 6(a) of the Act, as amended by section 204, is section 6(a) of Pub. L. 104–172, as amended by section 204 of Pub. L. 112–158.

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (d) and (e), is Pub. L. 112–158, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1214, known as the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.

The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 111–195, July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1312, which is classified principally to chapter 92 (§8501 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8501 of this title and Tables.

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (e), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 8102 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 88: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY-UNITED STATES ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION / Section 8102: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Additional protocol

The term "Additional Protocol", when used in the singular form, means the Protocol Additional to the Agreement between the United States of America and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in the United States of America, with Annexes, signed at Vienna June 12, 1998 (T. Doc. 107–7).

(2) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on International Relations, the Committee on Science, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(3) Complementary access

The term "complementary access" means the exercise of the IAEA's access rights as set forth in Articles 4 to 6 of the Additional Protocol.

(4) Executive agency

The term "executive agency" has the meaning given such term in section 105 of title 5.

(5) Facility

The term "facility" has the meaning set forth in Article 18i. of the Additional Protocol.

(6) IAEA

The term "IAEA" means the International Atomic Energy Agency.

(7) Judge of the United States

The term "judge of the United States" means a United States district judge, or a United States magistrate judge appointed under the authority of chapter 43 of title 28.

(8) Location

The term "location" means any geographic point or area declared or identified by the United States or specified by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

(9) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

The term "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty" means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force March 5, 1970 (21 UST 483).

(10) Nuclear-weapon State Party and non-nuclear-weapon State Party

The terms "nuclear-weapon State Party" and "non-nuclear-weapon State Party" have the meanings given such terms in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

(11) Person

The term "person", except as otherwise provided, means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, any State or any political subdivision thereof, or any political entity within a State, any foreign government or nation or any agency, instrumentality, or political subdivision of any such government or nation, or other entity located in the United States.

(12) Site

The term "site" has the meaning set forth in Article 18b. of the Additional Protocol.

(13) United States

The term "United States", when used as a geographic reference, means the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the commonwealths, territories, and possessions of the United States and includes all places under the jurisdiction or control of the United States, including—

(A) the territorial sea and the overlying airspace;

(B) any civil aircraft of the United States or public aircraft, as such terms are defined in paragraphs (17) and (41), respectively, of section 40102(a) of title 49; and

(C) any vessel of the United States, as such term is defined in section 70502(b) of title 46.

(14) Wide-area environmental sampling

The term "wide-area environmental sampling" has the meaning set forth in Article 18g. of the Additional Protocol.

(Pub. L. 109–401, title II, §203, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2742.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In par. (13)(C), "section 70502(b) of title 46" substituted for "section 3(b) of the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1903(b))" on authority of Pub. L. 109–304, §18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, which Act enacted section 70502 of Title 46, Shipping.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives and Committee on Science of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
22 U.S.C. § 1930 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 24: MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM / Subchapter III: ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE / Section 1930: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-108, ch. II, §205(j), July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 250
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-108, ch. II, §205(j), July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 250
Status: repealed

Section, acts Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, ch. II, §410, 68 Stat. 846; July 8, 1955, ch. 301, §8(h), 69 Stat. 287; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §8(h), 70 Stat. 558; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, §8(j), 71 Stat. 361; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. II, §205(h), ch. V, §501(14), 72 Stat. 267, 271, authorized appropriations for carrying out objectives of Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act of 1951, section 1611 et seq. of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 282n (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XI: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION / Section 282n: Authority to agree to amendments to Articles of Agreement
Authority to agree to amendments to Articles of Agreement
Status: in_force

The United States Governor of the Corporation is authorized to agree to amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Corporation that would—

(1) amend Article II, Section 2(c)(ii), to increase the vote by which the Board of Governors of the Corporation may increase the capital stock of the Corporation from a three-fourths majority to a four-fifths majority; and

(2) amend Article VII(a) to increase the vote by which the Board of Governors of the Corporation may amend the Articles of Agreement of the Corporation from a four-fifths majority to an eighty-five percent majority.

(Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 788, §16, as added Pub. L. 102–511, title X, §1006, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3361.)
22 U.S.C. § 5853 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 67: FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT / Subchapter IV: NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES / Section 5853: Nonproliferation and disarmament activities in independent states
Nonproliferation and disarmament activities in independent states
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

The President is authorized to promote bilateral and multilateral nonproliferation and disarmament activities—

(1) by supporting the dismantlement and destruction of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery systems, and conventional weapons of the independent states of the former Soviet Union;

(2) by supporting bilateral and multilateral efforts to halt the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery systems, related technologies, and other weapons of the independent states, including activities such as—

(A) the storage, transportation, and safeguarding of such weapons, and

(B) the purchase, barter, or other acquisition of such weapons or materials derived from such weapons;

(3) by establishing programs for safeguarding against the proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical, and other weapons of the independent states;

(4) by establishing programs for preventing diversion of weapons-related scientific and technical expertise of the independent states to terrorist groups or to third countries;

(5) by establishing science and technology centers in the independent states for the purpose of engaging weapons scientists and engineers of the independent states (in particular those who were previously involved in the design and production of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons) in productive, nonmilitary undertakings; and

(6) by establishing programs for facilitating the conversion of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities.

(b) Funding priorities

Priority in carrying out this section shall be given to the activities described in paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a).

(c) Use of defense funds

(1) Authorization

In recognition of the direct contributions to the national security interests of the United States of the programs and activities authorized by subsection (a), the President is authorized to make available for use in carrying out those programs and activities, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, funds made available pursuant to sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102–229 or under the amendments made by section 506(a) of this Act.

(2) Limitation

Funds described in paragraph (1) may not be obligated for programs and activities under subsection (a) unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has determined that expenditures during fiscal year 1993 pursuant to such obligation shall be counted against the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as defined in section 665(a)(2) 1 of title 2) for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.].

(Pub. L. 102–511, title V, §503, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3338.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102–229, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), are sections 108 and 109 of Pub. L. 102–229, title I, Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1708, which are not classified to the Code.

Section 506(a) of this Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is section 506(a) of Pub. L. 102–511, which was classified to section 5856(a) of this title and was omitted from the Code. Section 506(a) directed amendment of section 221 of Pub. L. 102–228, which was set out in a note under section 2551 of this title, but did not become effective pursuant to section 5856(c) of this title and was repealed by Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, §1351(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606.

Section 665 of title 2, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 105–33, title X, §10118(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 695.

The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is title II of Pub. L. 99–177, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1038. Part C of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§900 et seq.) of chapter 20 of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 900 of Title 2 and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Funding for Science and Technology Centers in the Former Soviet Union

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1138], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–496, provided that:

"(a) Authorization.—For fiscal year 2001 and subsequent fiscal years, funds made available under 'Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related Programs' accounts in annual foreign operations appropriations Acts are authorized to be available for science and technology centers in the independent states of the former Soviet Union assisted under section 503(a)(5) of the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5853(a)(5)) or section 1412(b)(5) [former 22 U.S.C. 5902(b)(5)] of the Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 (title XIV of Public Law 102–484; 22 U.S.C. 5901 et seq.), including the use of those and other funds by any Federal agency having expertise and programs related to the activities carried out by those centers, including the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and Health and Human Services and the Environmental Protection Agency.

"(b) Availability of Funds.—Amounts made available under any provision of law for the activities described in subsection (a) shall be available until expended and may be used notwithstanding any other provision of law."

Research and Exchange Activities by Science and Technology Centers

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. B, title XI, §1139], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–496, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Support for science and technology centers in the independent states of the former Soviet Union, as authorized by section 503(a)(5) of the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5853(a)(5)) and section 1412(b) [former 22 U.S.C. 5902(b)] of the Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 (title XIV of Public Law 102–484, 22 U.S.C. 5901 et seq.), is authorized for activities described in subsection (b) to support the redirection of former Soviet weapons scientists, especially those with expertise in weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological), missile and other delivery systems, and other advanced technologies with military applications.

"(b) Activities Supported.—Activities supported under subsection (a) include—

"(1) any research activity involving the participation of former Soviet weapons scientists and civilian scientists and engineers, if the participation of the weapons scientists predominates; and

"(2) any program of international exchanges that would provide former Soviet weapons scientists exposure to, and the opportunity to develop relations with, research and industry partners."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Authority

Authority of President under this section delegated to Secretary of Defense by section 2 of Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 30, 1992, 58 F.R. 3193, set out as a note under section 5852 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 1642b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter IV: CLAIMS AGAINST CZECHOSLOVAKIA / Section 1642b: Claims against United States; jurisdiction; limitation; preference; reserve fund
Claims against United States; jurisdiction; limitation; preference; reserve fund
Status: in_force

No judicial relief or remedy shall be available to any person asserting a claim against the United States or any officer or agent thereof with respect to any action taken under this subchapter, or any other claim for or on account of the property or proceeds described in section 1642a of this title, or for any other action taken with respect thereto except to the extent that the action complained of constitutes a taking of private property without just compensation, and to such extent the sole judicial relief and remedy available shall be an action brought against the United States in the United States Court of Federal Claims which action must be brought within one year of August 8, 1958, or it shall be forever barred; and any action so brought shall receive a preference over all actions which themselves are not given preference by statute. No other court shall have original jurisdiction to consider any such claim by mandamus or otherwise. If any action is brought pursuant to this section the Secretary of the Treasury shall set aside an appropriate reserve in the account containing the moneys held pursuant to subsection (a) of section 1642a of this title. Such reserve shall be retained pending a final determination of all issues raised in the action and recovery in any such action shall be limited to and paid out of the moneys so reserved. After a final determination of all issues raised in the action and payment of any judgment against the United States entered pursuant thereto, any balance no longer required to be held in reserve shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of section 1642a of this title. Nothing in this section shall be construed to create (1) any liability against the United States for any action taken pursuant to section 1642c of this title, (2) any liability against the United States in favor of the Government of Czechoslovakia, any agency or instrumentality thereof or any person who is an assignee or successor in interest thereto, or (3) any other liability against the United States.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title IV, §403, as added Pub. L. 85–604, §1, Aug. 8, 1958, 72 Stat. 528; amended Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §161(3), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 49; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

1982—Pub. L. 97–164 substituted "Claims Court" for "Court of Claims".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
22 U.S.C. § 2592a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 35: ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT / Subchapter IV: ADDITIONAL GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 2592a: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-199, title IV, §403(a)(1), (b)(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2325
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-199, title IV, §403(a)(1), (b)(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2325
Status: repealed

Section 2592a, Pub. L. 99–145, title X, §1002, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title IX, §905(a), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2032, related to submission by President of annual report to Congress on Soviet compliance with arms control commitments.

Section 2592b, Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title IX, §906, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2033, related to submission by President of annual report to Congress on arms control strategy of the United States.
22 U.S.C. § 4105 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter X: LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS / Section 4105: Management rights
Management rights
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to subsection (b), nothing in this subchapter shall affect the authority of any management official of the Department, in accordance with applicable law—

(1) to determine the mission, budget, organization, and internal security practices of the Department, and the number of individuals in the Service or in the Department;

(2) to hire, assign, direct, lay off, and retain individuals in the Service or in the Department, to suspend, remove, or take other disciplinary action against such individuals, and to determine the number of members of the Service to be promoted and to remove the name of or delay the promotion of any member in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 4005(b) of this title;

(3) to conduct reductions in force, and to prescribe regulations for the separation of employees pursuant to such reductions in force conducted under section 4010a of this title;

(4) to assign work, to make determinations with respect to contracting out, and to determine the personnel by which the operations of the Department shall be conducted;

(5) to fill positions from any appropriate source;

(6) to determine the need for uniform personnel policies and procedures between or among the agencies to which this subchapter applies; and

(7) to take whatever actions may be necessary to carry out the mission of the Department during emergencies.

(b) Nothing in this section shall preclude the Department and the exclusive representative from negotiating—

(1) at the election of the Department, on the numbers, types, and classes of employees or positions assigned to any organizational subdivision, work project, or tour of duty, or on the technology, methods, and means of performing work;

(2) procedures which management officials of the Department will observe in exercising any function under this section; or

(3) appropriate arrangements for employees adversely affected by the exercise of any function under this section by such management officials.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1005, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2131; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §181(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 103–415, §1(jj)(2), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4303.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 103–236, as amended by Pub. L. 103–415, added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) to (6) as (4) to (7), respectively.
22 U.S.C. § 1465f (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES / Section 1465f: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) There are authorized to be appropriated for the Broadcasting Board of Governors $14,000,000 for fiscal year 1984 and $11,000,000 for fiscal year 1985 to carry out sections 1465a and 1465b of this title. The amount obligated by the Broadcasting Board of Governors in ensuing fiscal years shall be sufficient to maintain broadcasts to Cuba under this subchapter at rates no less than the fiscal year 1985 level.

(b) In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated to the Board for the fiscal years 1984 and 1985, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Board $54,800,000 for the fiscal year 1984 and $54,800,000 for the fiscal year 1985, which amounts shall be available only for expenses incurred by essential modernization of the facilities and operations of the Voice of America.

(c) Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to be made available until expended.

(Pub. L. 98–111, §8, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1324(1), (2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–781.)

Repeal of Section

Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1324(1), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "United States Information Agency" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1324(2), substituted "Board" for "Agency" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 5492 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 63: SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 5492: Declaration of the Republic of Hungary
Declaration of the Republic of Hungary
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) on October 23, 1989, in a public ceremony in Budapest, the acting President of Hungary declared the Hungarian state to be an independent, democratic Republic of Hungary;

(2) this public ceremony was held on the 33d anniversary of Hungary's 1956 revolution that was bloodily suppressed by Soviet troops;

(3) this public ceremony was held in the same Kossuth Square where the first mass rally of the 1956 revolution was held;

(4) as a further symbol of Hungary's faithfulness to the legacy of the revolution of 1956, the declaration by the acting President was made from the same balcony from which Imre Nagy, the martyred Prime Minister of the revolutionary government of 1956, addressed the citizens of Budapest 33 years before;

(5) the heroic revolt and freedom fight of the Hungarian people in 1956 was an inspirational event, reminding a generation of Americans of the sacrifices people are willing to undertake as the price of liberty; and

(6) the present efforts of the Hungarian people to validate the legacy of the revolution of 1956 by establishing a free, independent, and prosperous Hungary have gained the sympathy and admiration of the American people.

(b) Congressional declarations

The Congress—

(1) congratulates the people of Hungary on the declaration of a Republic of Hungary committed to democratic principles; and

(2) expresses its desire to enhance the friendly relations between the people of Hungary and the people of the United States and between their respective governments.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title VIII, §802, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1322.)
22 U.S.C. § 619 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 11: FOREIGN AGENTS AND PROPAGANDA / Subchapter II: REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN PROPAGANDISTS / Section 619: Territorial applicability of subchapter
Territorial applicability of subchapter
Status: in_force

This subchapter shall be applicable in the several States, the District of Columbia, the Territories, the Canal Zone, the insular possessions, and all other places now or hereafter subject to the civil or military jurisdiction of the United States.

(June 8, 1938, ch. 327, §9, as added Apr. 29, 1942, ch. 263, §1, 56 Stat. 257; amended Proc. No. 2695, July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in text, see section 3602(b) of this title.

Codification

Words "including the Philippine Islands," omitted from section pursuant to Proc. No. 2695, which granted independence to the Philippine Islands under the authority of section 1394 of this title, under which section Proc. No. 2695 is set out as a note.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the sixtieth day after Apr. 29, 1942, except that prior to such sixtieth day the Attorney General may make, prescribe, amend, and rescind such rules, regulations, and forms as may be necessary to carry out act Apr. 29, 1942, see section 3 of act Apr. 29, 1942, set out as an Effective Date of 1942 Amendment note under section 611 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3659 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3659: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-85, div. C, title XXXV, §3523(a)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2064
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-85, div. C, title XXXV, §3523(a)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2064
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1219, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 466, related to salary protection upon conversion of pay rate.
22 U.S.C. § 3308 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 48: TAIWAN RELATIONS / Section 3308: Activities of United States Government agencies
Activities of United States Government agencies
Status: in_force

(a) Sale, loans, or lease of property; administrative and technical support functions and services

Any agency of the United States Government is authorized to sell, loan, or lease property (including interests therein) to, and to perform administrative and technical support functions and services for the operations of, the Institute upon such terms and conditions as the President may direct. Reimbursements to agencies under this subsection shall be credited to the current applicable appropriation of the agency concerned.

(b) Acquisition and acceptance of services

Any agency of the United States Government is authorized to acquire and accept services from the Institute upon such terms and conditions as the President may direct. Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the procurement of services by such agencies from the Institute may be effected without regard to such laws of the United States normally applicable to the acquisition of services by such agencies as the President may specify by Executive order.

(c) Institute books and records; access; audit

Any agency of the United States Government making funds available to the Institute in accordance with this chapter shall make arrangements with the Institute for the Comptroller General of the United States to have access to the books and records of the Institute and the opportunity to audit the operations of the Institute.

(Pub. L. 96–8, §9, Apr. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 18.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective as of January 1, 1979, see section 18 of Pub. L. 96–8, set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8242 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 89: ADVANCING DEMOCRATIC VALUES / Subchapter IV: TRAINING IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS; INCENTIVES / Section 8242: Sense of Congress regarding ADVANCE Democracy Award
Sense of Congress regarding ADVANCE Democracy Award
Status: in_force

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the Secretary should further strengthen the capacity of the Department to carry out results-based democracy promotion efforts through the establishment of an annual award to be known as the "Outstanding Achievements in Advancing Democracy Award", or the "ADVANCE Democracy Award", that would be awarded to officers or employees of the Department; and

(2) the Secretary should establish procedures for selecting recipients of such award, including any financial terms associated with such award.

(Pub. L. 110–53, title XXI, §2142, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 534.)
22 U.S.C. § 9721 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 104: VENEZUELA ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: ADDRESSING REGIME COHESION / Section 9721: Additional restrictions on visas
Additional restrictions on visas
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of State shall impose the visa restrictions described in subsection (c) on any foreign person who the Secretary determines—

(1) is a current or former senior official of the Maduro regime, or any foreign person acting on behalf of such regime, who is knowingly responsible for, complicit in, responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, or participating in (directly or indirectly) any activity in or in relation to Venezuela, on or after January 23, 2019, that significantly undermines or threatens the integrity of—

(A) the democratically-elected National Assembly of Venezuela; or

(B) the President of such National Assembly, while serving as Interim President of Venezuela, or the senior government officials under the supervision of such President;

(2) is the spouse or adult child of a foreign person described in paragraph (1); or

(3) is the spouse or adult child of 1 Venezuelan person sanctioned under—

(A) section 5(a) of the Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–278), as amended by section 163 of this title; 2

(B) section 1903(b) of title 21; or

(C) Executive Orders 13692 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) and 13850.

(b) Removal from visa revocation list

Pursuant to such procedures as the Secretary of State may establish to implement this section—

(1) if any person described in subsection (a)(1) recognizes and pledges support for the Interim President of Venezuela or a subsequent democratically elected government of Venezuela, that person and any family members of that person who were subject to visa restrictions pursuant to subsection (a)(2) shall no longer be subject to such visa restrictions; and

(2) if any person described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (a)(3) recognizes and pledges support for the Interim President of Venezuela or a subsequent democratically elected government of Venezuela, any family members of that person who were subject to visa restrictions pursuant to subsection (a)(3) shall no longer be subject to such visa restrictions.

(c) Visa restrictions described

(1) Visas, admission, or parole

An alien described in subsection (a) is—

(A) inadmissible to the United States;

(B) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and

(C) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).

(2) Current visas revoked

(A) In general

An alien described in subsection (a) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.

(B) Immediate effect

A revocation under subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) take effect immediately; and

(ii) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.

(3) Exceptions

Sanctions under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary—

(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or

(B) to carry out or assist law enforcement activity in the United States.

(d) Rulemaking

The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title I, §132, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3035.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5(a) of the Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–278), referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A), is section 5(a) of Pub. L. 113–278, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3011, which is set out in a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 5(a) was not amended by section 163 of title I of div. J of Pub. L. 116–94. However, an earlier version of the Act comprising such title I (S. 1025 of the 116th Cong., 1st Sess.) contained a section 603 that did amend section 5(a) of Pub. L. 113–278, but the amendment was not included anywhere in the version enacted by Pub. L. 116–94.

Executive Order No. 13692, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(C), is Ex. Ord. No. 13692, Mar. 8, 2015, 80 F.R. 12747, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Executive Order No. 13850, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(C), is Ex. Ord. No. 13850, Nov. 1, 2018, 83 F.R. 55243, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by "a".

2 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 4866 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 58: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY / Subchapter IV: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY PROGRAM / Section 4866: Security training for personnel assigned to a high risk, high threat post
Security training for personnel assigned to a high risk, high threat post
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Individuals assigned permanently to or who are in long-term temporary duty status as designated by the Secretary of State at a high risk, high threat post shall receive security training described in subsection (b) on a mandatory basis in order to prepare such individuals for living and working at such posts.

(b) Security training described

Security training referred to in subsection (a)—

(1) is training to improve basic knowledge and skills; and

(2) may include—

(A) an ability to recognize, avoid, and respond to potential terrorist situations, including a complex attack;

(B) conducting surveillance detection;

(C) providing emergency medical care;

(D) ability to detect the presence of improvised explosive devices;

(E) minimal firearms familiarization; and

(F) defensive driving maneuvers.

(c) Effective date

The requirements of this section shall take effect upon December 16, 2016.

(d) Definitions

In this section and section 4867 of this title:

(1) Complex attack

The term "complex attack" has the meaning given such term by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as follows: "An attack conducted by multiple hostile elements which employ at least two distinct classes of weapon systems (i.e., indirect fire and direct fire, improvised explosive devices, and surface to air fire).".

(2) High risk, high threat post

The term "high risk, high threat post" has the meaning given such term in section 4803 of this title.

(Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §416, as added Pub. L. 114–323, title I, §121(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1913.)
22 U.S.C. § 7301 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 80: DIPLOMATIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE PROGRAM OFFICE (DTS-PO) / Section 7301: Reorganization; duties
Reorganization; duties
Status: in_force

(a) Reorganization

The Diplomatic Telecommunications Service Program Office established pursuant to title V of Public Law 102–140 shall be reorganized in accordance with this chapter.

(b) Duties

The duties of the DTS–PO include implementing a program for the establishment and maintenance of a DTS Network capable of providing multiple levels of service to meet the wide-ranging needs of all United States Government departments and agencies operating from diplomatic and consular facilities outside of the United States, including national security needs for secure, reliable, and robust communications capabilities.

(Pub. L. 106–567, title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 111–259, title V, §501(a)(1), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2736.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Title V of Public Law 102–140, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 102–140, title V, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 816, known as the Department of State and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992, which enacted provisions listed in a table under section 269a of this title. For complete classification of title V to the Code, see Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7301, Pub. L. 106–567, title III, §321, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2843, which related to reorganization of Diplomatic Telecommunications Service Program Office, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–259, title V, §501(a)(1), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2735.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Suspension of Reorganization of Diplomatic Telecommunications Service Program Office

Pub. L. 107–108, title III, §311, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1401, as amended by Pub. L. 107–306, title III, §351, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2401; Pub. L. 108–177, title III, §371, Dec. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 2627, which provided for suspension of provisions of this chapter during the period beginning on Dec. 28, 2001, and ending on the date 60 days after notification to congressional committees of termination of the operational framework for the Office, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–259, title V, §501(b)(1)(A), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2738.

Reform of the Diplomatic Telecommunications Service Program Office

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §305], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–435, which related to additional resources for and improvement of the Diplomatic Telecommunications Service Program Office and required submission of a report on improving management to congressional committees not later than Mar. 31, 2000, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–259, title V, §501(b)(2)(A), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2738.
22 U.S.C. § 9547 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 102: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Subchapter II: COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND EURASIA / Section 9547: Termination
Termination
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after August 2, 2017.

(Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §258, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 934.)
22 U.S.C. § 4859 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 58: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY / Subchapter IV: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY PROGRAM / Section 4859: Protection of public entrances of United States diplomatic missions abroad
Protection of public entrances of United States diplomatic missions abroad
Status: in_force

The Secretary of State shall install and maintain a walk-through metal detector or other advanced screening system at public entrances of each United States diplomatic mission abroad.

(Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §409, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 866.)
22 U.S.C. § 3241 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION / Subchapter II: UNITED STATES INITIATIVES TO STRENGTHEN THE INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARDS SYSTEM / Section 3241: Congressional declaration of policy
Congressional declaration of policy
Status: in_force

The United States is committed to continued strong support for the principles of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to a strengthened and more effective International Atomic Energy Agency and to a comprehensive safeguards system administered by the Agency to deter proliferation. Accordingly, the United States shall seek to act with other nations to—

(a) continue to strengthen the safeguards program of the IAEA and, in order to implement this section, contribute funds, technical resources, and other support to assist the IAEA in effectively implementing safeguards;

(b) ensure that the IAEA has the resources to carry out the provisions of Article XII of the Statute of the IAEA;

(c) improve the IAEA safeguards system (including accountability) to ensure—

(1) the timely detection of a possible diversion of source or special nuclear materials which could be used for nuclear explosive devices;

(2) the timely dissemination of information regarding such diversion; and

(3) the timely implementation of internationally agreed procedures in the event of such diversion;

(d) ensure that the IAEA receives on a timely basis the data needed for it to administer an effective and comprehensive international safeguards program and that the IAEA provides timely notice to the world community of any evidence of a violation of any safeguards agreement to which it is a party; and

(e) encourage the IAEA, to the maximum degree consistent with the Statute, to provide nations which supply nuclear materials and equipment with the data needed to assure such nations of adherence to bilateral commitments applicable to such supply.

(Pub. L. 95–242, title II, §201, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 124.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Mar. 10, 1978, except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1132 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IX: ALLOWANCES AND BENEFITS / Section 1132: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-707, title V, §511(a)(1), Sept. 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 800
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-707, title V, §511(a)(1), Sept. 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 800
Status: repealed

Section 1132, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IX, §902, 60 Stat. 1026; July 28, 1956, ch. 770, §11, 70 Stat. 705, authorized the Secretary of State to allot funds to defray the unusual expenses incident to the operation and maintenance of official residences suitable for principal representatives of the United States. See section 5913 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Section 1133, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IX, §903, 60 Stat. 1026, required the Secretary of State to account for all allowances and allotments.
22 U.S.C. § 1477c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter VIII: APPROPRIATIONS AND OTHER FUNDS / Section 1477c: Notification and award of grants
Notification and award of grants
Status: in_force

The Department of State may award grants for overseas public diplomacy programs only if the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate are notified fifteen days in advance of the proposed grant.

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title VII, §705, as added Pub. L. 98–164, title II, §214, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1035; amended Pub. L. 99–93, title II, §214(a), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 100–204, title II, §202, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1372; Pub. L. 102–138, title II, §202, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(a)(3), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–787.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(3)(A), struck out subsec. (a) which read as follows: "Unless the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate are notified fifteen days in advance of a proposed reprograming, funds appropriated for the United States Information Agency shall not be available for obligation or expenditure through any such reprograming of funds—

"(1) which creates new programs;

"(2) which eliminates a program, project, or activity;

"(3) which increases funds or personnel by any means for any project or activity for which funds have been denied or restricted by the Congress;

"(4) which relocates an office or employees;

"(5) which reorganizes offices, programs, or activities;

"(6) which involves contracting out functions which had been performed by Federal employees; or

"(7) which involves a reprograming in excess of $500,000 or 10 per centum, whichever is less, and which (A) augments existing programs, projects, or activities, (B) reduces by 10 per centum or more the funding for any existing program, project, or activity, or personnel approved by the Congress, or (C) results from any general savings from a reduction in personnel which would result in a change in existing programs, activities, or projects approved by the Congress."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(3)(B), struck out subsec. (b) designation and substituted "The Department of State" for "In addition, the United States Information Agency" and "grants for overseas public diplomacy programs" for "program grants".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(a)(3)(A), struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Funds appropriated for the United States Information Agency may not be available for obligation or expenditure through any reprogramming described in subsection (a) of this section during the period which is the last 15 days in which such funds are available unless notice of such reprogramming is made before such period."

1991—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 102–138 substituted "$500,000" for "$250,000".

1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–204, §202(a), struck out "for the fiscal years 1986 and 1987" after "may award program grants".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–204, §202(b), added subsec. (c).

1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–93 substituted "1986 and 1987" for "1984 and 1985".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–93, title II, §214(b), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 434, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1985."
22 U.S.C. § 296a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 8: FOREIGN SERVICE BUILDINGS / Section 296a: Maintenance management of overseas property
Maintenance management of overseas property
Status: in_force

The Director of the Office of Foreign Buildings Operations shall—

(1) direct overseas posts to make annual building condition assessments of buildings and facilities used by the post;

(2) not later than 90 days after October 28, 1991, revise the Foreign Affairs Manual to stipulate that the Buildings and Maintenance Handbook shall be used by each post to identify their maintenance needs, standardize their maintenance operations, and conduct annual assessments as required by paragraph (1);

(3) direct the Office of Foreign Buildings Operations to provide proper training and assistance to posts to ensure that annual surveys are effectively completed; and

(4) direct overseas posts to ensure that all maintenance program fiscal transactions are properly encoded in the Department of State accounting system to enable compilation of actual expenditures on routine maintenance and specific maintenance funded by the Office of Foreign Buildings Operations.

(Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §125, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 659.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, and not as part of the Foreign Service Buildings Act, 1926, which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Authority of Secretary of State

Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to have and exercise any authority vested by law in any official or office of Department of State and references to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4861 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 58: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY / Subchapter IV: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY PROGRAM / Section 4861: Inspector General for Department of State
Inspector General for Department of State
Status: in_force

(a) Direction to establish

The Congress directs the Secretary of State to proceed immediately to establish an Office of Inspector General of the Department of State not later than October 1, 1986. Not later than January 31, 1987, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives on the progress in establishing that office. Such report shall include an accounting of the obligation of funds for fiscal year 1987 for that office.

(b) Duties and responsibilities

The Inspector General of the Department of State (as established by the amendment made by section 150(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987) is authorized to perform all duties and responsibilities, and to exercise the authorities, stated in section 3929 of this title and in chapter 4 of title 5.

(c) Earmark

Of the amounts made available for fiscal year 1987 for salaries and expenses under the heading "Administration of Foreign Affairs", not less than $6,500,000 shall be used for the sole purpose of establishing and maintaining the Office of Inspector General of the Department of State.

(d) Limitation on appointment

No career member of the Foreign Service, as defined by section 3903 of this title, may be appointed Inspector General of the Department of State.

(Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §413, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §134, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1344; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(44), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4348.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 150(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 150(a) of Pub. L. 99–93, title I, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 427, which amended sections 2 and 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, by adding references to the Department and Secretary of State. Subsequent to this amendment, sections 2 and 11 of the Act, which were set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, were significantly amended, and section 11 was renumbered as section 12, prior to their repeal and restatement as sections 402 and 401, respectively, of Title 5 by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4207, 4208, 4361.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 413 of Pub. L. 99–399, as amended. Subsec. (e), formerly subsec. (a)(5), of section 413 amended section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. A former subsec. (a)(6) of section 413, which amended section 3929 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–529, title IV, §405, Oct. 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 3020. Another subsec. (c) of section 413 amended section 3929a of this title.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 4 of title 5." for "the Inspector General Act of 1978."

1987—Pub. L. 100–204 struck out former subsec. (a) designation and heading "Inspector General of Department of State", redesignated former pars. (1) to (5) as subsecs. (a) to (e), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to establishment of the Office of Policy and Program Review. See Codification note above.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Evaluation of Policies and Procedures of Department of State on Protection of Classified Information at Department Headquarters

Pub. L. 107–306, title VIII, §832, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2431, provided that:

"(a) Evaluation Required.—Not later than December 31 of 2002, 2003, and 2004, the Inspector General of the Department of State shall conduct an evaluation of the policies and procedures of the Department on the protection of classified information at the Headquarters of the Department, including compliance with the directives of the Director of Central Intelligence (DCIDs) regarding the storage and handling of Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) material.

"(b) Annual Report.—Except as provided in subsection (c), not later than February 1 of 2003, 2004, and 2005, the Inspector General shall submit to the following committees a report on the evaluation conducted under subsection (a) during the preceding year:

"(1) The congressional intelligence committees.

"(2) The Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives.

"(c) Exception.—The date each year for the submittal of a report under subsection (b) may be postponed in accordance with section 507(d) of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 3106(d)], as added by section 811 of this Act.

"(d) Congressional Intelligence Committees Defined.—In this section, the term 'congressional intelligence committees' means—

"(1) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and

"(2) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives."

[Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.]
22 U.S.C. § 1641c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter III: CLAIMS AGAINST BULGARIA, HUNGARY, RUMANIA, ITALY, AND THE SOVIET UNION / Section 1641c: Claims of nationals of the United States against Italy
Claims of nationals of the United States against Italy
Status: in_force

(a) Claims not provided for in peace treaty

The Commission shall receive and determine, in accordance with the Memorandum of Understanding and applicable substantive law, including international law, the validity and amount of claims of nationals of the United States against the government of Italy arising out of the war in which Italy was engaged from June 10, 1940, to September 15, 1947, and with respect to which provision was not made in the treaty of peace with Italy. Upon payment of the principal amounts (without interest) of all awards from the Italian Claims Fund created pursuant to section 1641a of this title, the Commission shall determine the validity and amount of any claim under this section by any natural person who was a citizen of the United States on August 9, 1955 and shall, in the event an award is issued pursuant to such claim, certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment out of remaining balances in the Italian Claims Fund in accordance with the provisions of section 1641i of this title, notwithstanding that the period of time prescribed in section 1641o of this title for the settlement of all claims under this section may have expired.

(b) Individuals who fail to file claims

The Commission shall receive and determine, or redetermine, as the case may be, in accordance with applicable substantive law, including international law, the validity and amounts of claims owned by person who were eligible to file claims under the first sentence of subsection (a) of this section on August 9, 1955, but failed to file such claims or, if they filed such claims, failed to file such claims within the limit of time required therefor: Provided, That no awards shall be made to persons who have received compensation in any amount pursuant to the treaty of peace with Italy, subsection (a) of this section, or section 4132 of title 50.

(c) Territory ceded by Italy

The Commission shall receive and determine, or redetermine as the case may be, in accordance with applicable substantive law, including international law, the validity and amounts of claims owned by persons who were nationals of the United States on September 3, 1943, and July 24, 1968, against the Government of Italy which arose out of the war in which Italy was engaged from June 10, 1940, to September 15, 1947, in territory ceded by Italy pursuant to the treaty of peace with Italy: Provided, That no awards shall be made to persons who have received compensation in any amount pursuant to the treaty of peace with Italy or subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Time within which to file; publication in Federal Register

Within thirty days after July 24, 1968, or within thirty days after the date of enactment of legislation making appropriations to the Commission for payment of administrative expenses incurred in carrying out its functions under subsections (b) and (c) of this section, whichever date is later, the Commission shall publish in the Federal Register the time when and the limit of time within which claims may be filed with the Commission, which limit shall not be more than six months after such publication.

(e) Certification of awards

The Commission shall certify awards on claims determined pursuant to subsections (b) and (c) of this section to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment out of remaining balances in the Italian Claims Fund in accordance with the provisions of section 1641i of this title, after payment in full of all awards certified pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(f) Transfers from Italian Claims Fund to War Claims Fund

After payment in full of all awards certified to the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subsections (a) and (e) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to transfer the unobligated balance in the Italian Claims Fund into the War Claims Fund created by section 4110 of title 50.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title III, §304, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §3, 69 Stat. 572; amended Pub. L. 85–604, §2, Aug. 8, 1958, 72 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 90–421, §1(11), July 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 422.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1968—Pub. L. 90–421 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) to (f).

1958—Pub. L. 85–604 authorized the Commission to determine the validity and amount of claims by natural persons who were citizens of the United States on Aug. 9, 1955.
22 U.S.C. § 7651 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 83: UNITED STATES LEADERSHIP AGAINST HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND MALARIA / Subchapter III: BILATERAL EFFORTS / Section 7651: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) Approximately 2,000 children around the world are infected each day with HIV through mother-to-child transmission. Transmission can occur during pregnancy, labor, and delivery or through breast feeding. Over 90 percent of these cases are in developing nations with little or no access to public health facilities.

(2) Mother-to-child transmission is largely preventable with the proper application of pharmaceuticals, therapies, and other public health interventions.

(3) Certain antiretroviral drugs reduce mother-to-child transmission by nearly 50 percent. Universal availability of this drug could prevent up to 400,000 infections per year and dramatically reduce the number of AIDS-related deaths.

(4) At the United Nations Special Session on HIV/AIDS in June 2001, the United States committed to the specific goals with respect to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, including the goals of reducing the proportion of infants infected with HIV by 20 percent by the year 2005 and by 50 percent by the year 2010, as specified in the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at the Special Session.

(5) Several United States Government agencies including the United States Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control are already supporting programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission in resource-poor nations and have the capacity to expand these programs rapidly by working closely with foreign governments and nongovernmental organizations.

(6) Efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission can provide the basis for a broader response that includes care and treatment of mothers, fathers, and other family members who are infected with HIV or living with AIDS.

(7) HIV/AIDS has devastated the lives of countless children and families across the globe. Since the epidemic began, an estimated 13,200,000 children under the age of 15 have been orphaned by AIDS, that is they have lost their mother or both parents to the disease. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that this number will double by the year 2010.

(8) HIV/AIDS also targets young people between the ages of 15 to 24, particularly young women, many of whom carry the burden of caring for family members living with HIV/AIDS. An estimated 10,300,000 young people are now living with HIV/AIDS. One-half of all new infections are occurring among this age group.

(Pub. L. 108–25, title III, §311, May 27, 2003, 117 Stat. 740.)
22 U.S.C. § 8902 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 96: SOVEREIGNTY, INTEGRITY, DEMOCRACY, AND ECONOMIC STABILITY OF UKRAINE / Section 8902: United States policy toward Ukraine
United States policy toward Ukraine
Status: in_force

It is the policy of the United States—

(1) to condemn the unjustified military intervention of the Russian Federation in the Crimea region of Ukraine and its concurrent occupation of that region, as well as any other form of political, economic, or military aggression against Ukraine;

(2) to reaffirm the commitment of the United States to, and to remind Russia of its ongoing commitment to, the 1994 Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances, which was executed jointly with the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom and explicitly secures the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity and borders of Ukraine, and to demand the immediate cessation of improper activities, including the seizures of airfields and other locations, and the immediate return of Russian forces to their barracks;

(3) to work with United States partners in the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and at the United Nations to ensure that all nations recognize and not undermine, nor seek to undermine, the independence, sovereignty, or territorial or economic integrity of Ukraine;

(4) to use all appropriate economic elements of United States national power, in coordination with United States allies, to protect the independence, sovereignty, and territorial and economic integrity of Ukraine;

(5) to support the people of Ukraine in their desire to forge closer ties with Europe, including signing an Association Agreement with the European Union as a means to address endemic corruption, consolidate democracy, and achieve sustained prosperity;

(6) to use the voice and vote of the United States to secure sufficient resources through the International Monetary Fund to support needed economic structural reforms in Ukraine under conditions that will reinforce a sovereign decision by the Government of Ukraine to sign and implement an association agreement with the European Union;

(7) to help the Government of Ukraine prepare for the presidential election in May 2014;

(8) to reinforce the efforts of the Government of Ukraine to bring to justice those responsible for the acts of violence against peaceful protestors and other unprovoked acts of violence related to the antigovernment protests in 1 that began on November 21, 2013;

(9) to support the efforts of the Government of Ukraine to recover and return to the Ukrainian state funds stolen by former President Yanukovych, his family, and other current and former members of the Ukrainian government and elites;

(10) to support the continued professionalization of the Ukrainian military;

(11) to condemn economic extortion by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania, and other countries in the region designed to obstruct closer ties between the European Union and the countries of the Eastern Partnership and to reduce the harmful consequences of such extortion;

(12) to condemn the continuing and long-standing pattern and practice by the Government of the Russian Federation of physical and economic aggression toward neighboring countries;

(13) to enhance and extend our security cooperation with, security assistance to, and military exercises conducted with, states in Central and Eastern Europe, including North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member countries, NATO aspirants, and appropriate Eastern Partnership countries;

(14) to reaffirm United States defense commitments to its treaty allies under Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty;

(15) that the continued participation of the Russian Federation in the Group of Eight (G–8) nations should be conditioned on the Government of the Russian Federation respecting the territorial integrity of its neighbors and accepting and adhering to the norms and standards of free, democratic societies as generally practiced by every other member nation of the G–8 nations;

(16) to explore ways for the United States Government to assist the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to diversify their energy sources and achieve energy security; and

(17) to ensure the United States maintains its predominant leadership position and influence within the International Monetary Fund, and to guarantee the International Monetary Fund has the resources and governance structure necessary to support structural reforms in Ukraine and respond to and prevent a potentially serious financial crisis in Ukraine or other foreign economic crises that threatens United States national security.

(Pub. L. 113–95, §3, Apr. 3, 2014, 128 Stat. 1088.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Ukraine Invasion War Crimes Deterrence and Accountability

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIX, §5948, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3482, provided that:

"(a) Short Title.—This section may be cited as the 'Ukraine Invasion War Crimes Deterrence and Accountability Act'.

"(b) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) in its premeditated, unprovoked, unjustified, and unlawful full-scale invasion of Ukraine that commenced on February 24, 2022, the military of the Government of the Russian Federation under the direction of President Vladimir Putin has committed war crimes that include but are not limited to—

"(A) the deliberate targeting of civilians and injuring or killing of noncombatants;

"(B) the deliberate targeting and attacking of hospitals, schools, and other non-military buildings dedicated to religion, art, science, or charitable purposes, such as the bombing of a theater in Mariupol that served as a shelter for noncombatants and had the word 'children' written clearly in the Russian language outside;

"(C) the indiscriminate bombardment of undefended dwellings and buildings;

"(D) the wanton destruction of property not justified by military necessity;

"(E) unlawful civilian deportations;

"(F) the taking of hostages; and

"(G) rape, or sexual assault or abuse;

"(2) the use of chemical weapons by the Government of the Russian Federation in Ukraine would constitute a war crime, and engaging in any military preparations to use chemical weapons or to develop, produce, stockpile, or retain chemical weapons is prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention, to which the Russian Federation is a signatory;

"(3) Vladimir Putin has a long record of committing acts of aggression, systematic abuses of human rights, and acts that constitute war crimes or other atrocities both at home and abroad, and the brutality and scale of these actions, including in the Russian Federation republic of Chechnya, Georgia, Syria, and Ukraine, demonstrate the extent to which his regime is willing to flout international norms and values in the pursuit of its objectives;

"(4) Vladimir Putin has previously sanctioned the use of chemical weapons at home and abroad, including in the poisonings of Russian spy turned double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia and leading Russian opposition figure Aleksey Navalny, and aided and abetted the use of chemical weapons by President Bashar al-Assad in Syria; and

"(5) in 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation initiated its unprovoked war of aggression against Ukraine which resulted in its illegal occupation of Crimea, the unrecognized declaration of independence by the so-called 'Donetsk People's Republic' and 'Luhansk People's Republic' by Russia-backed proxies, and numerous human rights violations and deaths of civilians in Ukraine.

"(c) Statement of Policy.—It is the policy of the United States—

"(1) to collect, analyze, and preserve evidence and information related to war crimes and other atrocities committed during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on February 24, 2022, for use in appropriate domestic, foreign, and international courts and tribunals prosecuting those responsible for such crimes consistent with applicable law, including with the American Service Members' [Servicemembers'] Protection Act of 2002 (22 U.S.C. 7421 et seq.);

"(2) to help deter the commission of war crimes and other atrocities in Ukraine by publicizing to the maximum possible extent, including among Russian and other foreign military commanders and troops in Ukraine, efforts to identify and prosecute those responsible for the commission of war crimes during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on February 24, 2022; and

"(3) to continue efforts to identify, deter, and pursue accountability for war crimes and other atrocities committed around the world and by other perpetrators, and to leverage international cooperation and best practices in this regard with respect to the current situation in Ukraine.

"(d) Report on United States Efforts.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], and consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, which may include a classified annex, describing in detail the following:

"(1) United States Government efforts to collect, analyze, and preserve evidence and information related to war crimes and other atrocities committed during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine since February 24, 2022, including a description of—

"(A) the respective roles of various agencies, departments, and offices, and the interagency mechanism established for the coordination of such efforts;

"(B) the types of information and evidence that are being collected, analyzed, and preserved to help identify those responsible for the commission of war crimes or other atrocities during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022; and

"(C) steps taken to coordinate with, and support the work of, allies, partners, international institutions and organizations, and nongovernmental organizations in such efforts.

"(2) Media, public diplomacy, and information operations to make Russian military commanders, troops, political leaders and the Russian people aware of efforts to identify and prosecute those responsible for the commission of war crimes or other atrocities during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and of the types of acts that may be prosecutable.

"(3) The process for a domestic, foreign, or international court or tribunal to request and obtain from the United States Government information related to war crimes or other atrocities committed during the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

"(e) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

"(2) Atrocities.—The term 'atrocities' has the meaning given that term in section 6(2) of the Elie Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–441; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note).

"(3) War crime.—The term 'war crime' has the meaning given that term in section 2441(c) of title 18, United States Code."

[Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 25, 2023, 88 F.R. 26469, delegated to the Secretary of State the authority to submit to Congress the report required by subsec. (d) of section 5948 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out above.]

Russia and Belarus Special Drawing Rights Exchange Prohibition

Pub. L. 117–185, Oct. 4, 2022, 136 Stat. 2197, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Russia and Belarus SDR Exchange Prohibition Act of 2022'.

"SEC. 2. SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS EXCHANGE PROHIBITION.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of the Treasury may not engage in any transaction involving the exchange of Special Drawing Rights issued by the International Monetary Fund that are held by the Russian Federation or Belarus.

"(b) Advocacy.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall—

"(1) vigorously advocate that the governments of the member countries of the International Monetary Fund, to the extent that the member countries issue freely usable currencies, prohibit transactions involving the exchange of Special Drawing Rights held by the Russian Federation or Belarus[;] and

"(2) direct the United States Executive Director at each international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act [22 U.S.C. 262r(c)(2)]) to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose the provision of financial assistance to the Russian Federation and Belarus, except to address basic human needs of the civilian population.

"(c) Termination.—The preceding provisions of this section shall have no force or effect on the earlier of—

"(1) the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 2022]; or

"(2) 30 days after the date that the President reports to the Congress that the governments of the Russian Federation and Belarus have ceased destabilizing activities with respect to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine.

"(d) Waiver.—The President may waive the application of this section if the President reports to the Congress that the waiver is in the national interest of the United States and includes an explanation of the reasons therefor."

Cooperation Between the United States and Ukraine Regarding the Titanium Industry

Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXV, §6505, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2428, provided that:

"(a) Statement of Policy.—It is the policy of the United States to engage with the Government of Ukraine on cooperation in the titanium industry as a potential alternative to Chinese and Russian sources on which the United States and Europe currently depend.

"(b) Reporting Requirement.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the feasibility of utilizing titanium sources from Ukraine as a potential alternative to Chinese and Russian sources.

"(c) Form.—The report required by subsection (b) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

"(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and

"(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives."

1 So in original.
22 U.S.C. § 1641m (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter III: CLAIMS AGAINST BULGARIA, HUNGARY, RUMANIA, ITALY, AND THE SOVIET UNION / Section 1641m: Finality of action of Commission
Finality of action of Commission
Status: in_force

The action of the Commission in allowing or denying any claim under this subchapter shall be final and conclusive on all questions of law and fact and not subject to review by any other official of the United States or by any court by mandamus or otherwise, and the Comptroller General shall allow credit in the accounts of any certifying or disbursing officer for payments in accordance with such action.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title III, §314, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §3, 69 Stat. 574.)
22 U.S.C. § 1116 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM / Section 1116: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title VIII, §881, 60 Stat. 1025; Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–723, §45, 74 Stat. 846; July 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94–350, title V, §514, 90 Stat. 843, related to composition, etc., of voluntary contribution account.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 9402 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 101: COUNTERING IRAN'S DESTABILIZING ACTIVITIES / Section 9402: Regional strategy for countering conventional and asymmetric Iranian threats in the Middle East and North Africa
Regional strategy for countering conventional and asymmetric Iranian threats in the Middle East and North Africa
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not later than 180 days after August 2, 2017, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Director of National Intelligence shall jointly develop and submit to the appropriate congressional committees and leadership a strategy for deterring conventional and asymmetric Iranian activities and threats that directly threaten the United States and key allies in the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond.

(b) Elements

The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include at a minimum the following:

(1) A summary of the near- and long-term United States objectives, plans, and means for countering Iran's destabilizing activities, including identification of countries that share the objective of countering Iran's destabilizing activities.

(2) A summary of the capabilities and contributions of individual countries to shared efforts to counter Iran's destabilizing activities, and a summary of additional actions or contributions that each country could take to further contribute.

(3) An assessment of Iran's conventional force capabilities and an assessment of Iran's plans to upgrade its conventional force capabilities, including its acquisition, development, and deployment of ballistic and cruise missile capabilities, unmanned aerial vehicles, and maritime offensive and anti-access or area denial capabilities.

(4) An assessment of Iran's chemical and biological weapons capabilities and an assessment of Iranian plans to upgrade its chemical or biological weapons capabilities.

(5) An assessment of Iran's asymmetric activities in the region, including—

(A) the size, capabilities, and activities of the IRGC, including the Quds Force;

(B) the size, capabilities, and activities of Iran's cyber operations;

(C) the types and amount of support, including funding, lethal and nonlethal contributions, and training, provided to Hezbollah, Hamas, special groups in Iraq, the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, Houthi fighters in Yemen, and other violent groups across the Middle East; and

(D) the scope and objectives of Iran's information operations and use of propaganda.

(6) A summary of United States actions, unilaterally and in cooperation with foreign governments, to counter destabilizing Iranian activities, including—

(A) interdiction of Iranian lethal arms bound for groups designated as foreign terrorist organizations under section 1189 of title 8;

(B) Iran's interference in international commercial shipping lanes;

(C) attempts by Iran to undermine or subvert internationally recognized governments in the Middle East region; and

(D) Iran's support for the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, including—

(i) financial assistance, military equipment and personnel, and other support provided to that regime; and

(ii) support and direction to other armed actors that are not Syrian or Iranian and are acting on behalf of that regime.

(c) Form of strategy

The strategy required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(d) Appropriate congressional committees and leadership defined

In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees and leadership" means—

(1) the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 115–44, title I, §103, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 889.)
22 U.S.C. § 1974 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 25: PROTECTION OF VESSELS ON THE HIGH SEAS AND IN TERRITORIAL WATERS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES / Section 1974: Inapplicability of chapter to certain seizures
Inapplicability of chapter to certain seizures
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter shall not apply with respect to a seizure made by a country at war with the United States or a seizure made in accordance with the provisions of any applicable convention or treaty, if that treaty or convention was made with advice and consent to 1 the Senate and was in force and effect for the United States and the seizing country at the time of the seizure.

(Aug. 27, 1954, ch. 1018, §4, 68 Stat. 883; Pub. L. 98–364, title III, §303(b), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 444.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–364 substituted "any applicable convention or treaty, if that treaty or convention was made with advice and consent to the Senate and was in force and effect for the United States and the seizing country at the time of the seizure" for "any fishery convention or treaty to which the United States is a party".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–364 applicable with respect to seizures made after Apr. 1, 1983, by foreign countries of vessels of the United States, see section 303(c) of Pub. L. 98–364, set out as a note under section 1972 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "of".
22 U.S.C. § 3313 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 48: TAIWAN RELATIONS / Section 3313: Congressional oversight
Congressional oversight
Status: in_force

(a) Monitoring activities of Senate Foreign Relations Committee, House Foreign Affairs Committee, and other Congressional committees

The Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and other appropriate committees of the Congress shall monitor—

(1) the implementation of the provisions of this chapter;

(2) the operation and procedures of the Institute;

(3) the legal and technical aspects of the continuing relationship between the United States and Taiwan; and

(4) the implementation of the policies of the United States concerning security and cooperation in East Asia.

(b) Committee reports to their respective Houses

Such committees shall report, as appropriate, to their respective Houses on the results of their monitoring.

(Pub. L. 96–8, §14, Apr. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 20.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective as of January 1, 1979, see section 18 of Pub. L. 96–8, set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 288h (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XVIII: PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / Section 288h: Commission of European Communities; extension of privileges and immunities to members
Commission of European Communities; extension of privileges and immunities to members
Status: in_force

Under such terms and conditions as he shall determine and consonant with the purposes of this section, the President is authorized to extend, or to enter into an agreement extending, to the Mission to the United States of America of the Commission of the European Communities, and to members thereof, the same privileges and immunities subject to corresponding conditions and obligations as are enjoyed by diplomatic missions accredited to the United States and by members thereof. Under such terms and conditions as the President may determine, the President is authorized to extend to other offices of the Commission of the European Communities which are established in the United States, and to members thereof—

(1) the privileges and immunities described in the preceding sentence; or

(2) as appropriate for the functioning of a particular office, privileges and immunities, equivalent to those accorded consular premises, consular officers, and consular employees, pursuant to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.

(Pub. L. 92–499, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 100–204, title VII, §741, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1394.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the International Organizations Immunities Act which comprises this subchapter.

Amendments

1987—Pub. L. 100–204 inserted sentence at end.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12651. Offices of the Commission of the European Communities

Ex. Ord. No. 12651, Sept. 9, 1988, 53 F.R. 35287, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, and the Act to extend diplomatic privileges and immunities to the Mission to the United States of America of the Commission of the European Communities and the members thereof, 22 U.S.C. Sec. 288h, I hereby extend to the Permanent Observer Mission of the Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities to the United Nations the same privileges and immunities as are accorded to permanent observer missions of states to the United Nations. I also hereby extend to the members of the diplomatic staff of that mission assigned to New York to observe the work of the United Nations and duly notified to the United States Government and the United Nations in that capacity, and to their families, the same privileges and immunities, subject to corresponding conditions and obligations, as are accorded to members of the diplomatic staff of missions accredited to the United Nations.

Pursuant to the same authority, I also hereby extend to the West Coast Office of the Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities and to the officers and employees of that mission assigned to San Francisco to represent the Commission to the Government of the United States and duly notified to and accepted by the Secretary of State, and to their families, the privileges and immunities, subject to corresponding conditions and obligations, substantively equivalent to those accorded consular premises, consular officers, and consular employees pursuant to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. For the purpose of extending privileges and immunities to the West Coast Office of the Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities, its official functions shall consist in:

(a) protecting in the United States the interests of the European Communities within the limits permitted by domestic and international law;

(b) furthering the development of commercial, economic, cultural, and scientific relations between the European Communities and the United States and otherwise promoting friendly relations between them;

(c) ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the commercial, economic, cultural, and scientific life of the United States, reporting thereon to the European Communities and giving information to persons interested.

Pursuant to the same authority, I also hereby extend to the members of the administrative and technical staff and members of the service staff of the Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities assigned to Washington to represent the Commission to the Government of the United States and duly notified to and accepted by the Secretary of State, and to their families, the same privileges and immunities, subject to corresponding conditions and obligations, as are enjoyed by members of the administrative and technical staff and members of the service staff of diplomatic missions accredited to the United States.

This order is not intended to abridge in any respect privileges, exemptions or immunities that the Delegation of the Commission of the European Communities may have acquired or may acquire by international agreements or by Congressional action.

Ronald Reagan.      

Ex. Ord. No. 11689. Presidential Extension of Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities

Ex. Ord. No. 11689, Dec. 5, 1972, 37 F.R. 25987, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Act of October 18, 1972 (Public Law 92–499) [this section], and as President of the United States, I hereby extend to the Mission to the United States of America of the Commission of the European Communities, and to the officers of that Mission assigned to Washington to represent the Commission to the Government of the United States and duly notified to and accepted by the Secretary of State, and to their families, the same privileges and immunities, subject to corresponding conditions and obligations, as are enjoyed by diplomatic missions accredited to the United States and by members of the diplomatic staffs thereof.

Richard Nixon.
22 U.S.C. § 4352 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 53B: FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES HISTORICAL SERIES / Section 4352: Responsibility for preparation of FRUS series
Responsibility for preparation of FRUS series
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1)(A) The Historian of the Department of State shall be responsible for the preparation of the FRUS series, including the selection of records, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

(B) The Advisory Committee on Historical Diplomatic Documentation shall review records, and shall advise and make recommendations to the Historian concerning all aspects of preparation and publication of the FRUS series, including, in accordance with the procedures contained in section 4353 of this title, the review and selection of records for inclusion in volumes of the series.

(2) Other departments, agencies, and other entities of the United States Government shall cooperate with the Office of the Historian by providing full and complete access to the records pertinent to United States foreign policy decisions and actions and by providing copies of selected records in accordance with the procedures developed under section 4353 of this title, except that no access to any record, and no provision of any copy of a record, shall be required in the case of any record that was prepared less than 20 years before the date of a request for such access or copy made by the Office of the Historian.

(b) National Archives and Records Administration

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the requirement for the National Archives and Records Administration to provide access to, and copies of, records to the Department of State for the FRUS series shall be governed by chapter 21 of title 44, by any agreement concluded between the Department of State and the National Archives and Records Administration, and, in the case of Presidential records, by section 2204 of such title.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title IV, §402, as added Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §198(a), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 685; amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LV, §5504(1), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2376.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 117–81 substituted "20" for "26".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Authority of Secretary of State

Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to have and exercise any authority vested by law in any official or office of Department of State and references to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 10412 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 111: AUSTRALIA, UNITED KINGDOM, AND UNITED STATES (AUKUS) SECURITY PARTNERSHIP / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 10412: Designation of senior official for Department of Defense activities relating to, and implementation plan for, the AUKUS partnership
Designation of senior official for Department of Defense activities relating to, and implementation plan for, the AUKUS partnership
Status: in_force

(a) Designation of senior official

Not later than 90 days after December 22, 2023, the Secretary of Defense shall designate a senior civilian official of the Department of Defense who shall be responsible for overseeing Department of Defense activities relating to the AUKUS partnership.

(b) Plan

(1) In general

Not later than 90 days after December 22, 2023, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Administrator for Nuclear Security and the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing an implementation plan outlining Department of Defense efforts relating to the AUKUS partnership.

(2) Elements

The plan required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) Timelines and major anticipated milestones for the implementation of the AUKUS partnership.

(B) An identification of dependencies of such milestones on defense requirements that are—

(i) unrelated to the AUKUS partnership; and

(ii) solely within the decisionmaking responsibility of Australia or the United Kingdom.

(C) A consideration of the implications of the plan on the industrial base with respect to—

(i) the expansion of existing United States submarine construction capacity to fulfill United States, United Kingdom, and Australia requirements;

(ii) acceleration of the restoration of United States capabilities for producing highly enriched uranium to fuel submarine reactors;

(iii) stabilization of commodity markets and expanding supplies of high-grade steel, construction materials, and other resources required for improving shipyard condition and expanding throughput capacity; and

(iv) coordination and synchronization of industrial sourcing opportunities among Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

(D) A description of resourcing and personnel requirements, including—

(i) a detailed assessment of the feasibility of hiring and retaining additional foreign disclosure officers to facilitate more rapid technology transfer to Australia and the United Kingdom; and

(ii) an assessment of any additional requirements for Department of Defense personnel to support the transfer of defense articles to Australia and the United Kingdom.

(E) A plan for improving information sharing, including—

(i) recommendations for modifications to foreign disclosure policies and processes;

(ii) the promulgation of written information-sharing guidelines or policies to improve information sharing under the AUKUS partnership;

(iii) the establishment of an information handling caveat specific to the AUKUS partnership; and

(iv) the reduction in use of the Not Releasable to Foreign Nations (NOFORN) information handling caveat.

(F) Processes for the protection of privately held intellectual property, including patents.

(G) Recommended updates to other title 10 authorities or regulatory, policy, or process frameworks.

(c) Semiannual updates

Not later than 60 days after the date on which the plan required by subsection (b) is submitted, and semiannually thereafter not later than April 1 and October 1 each year through 2029, the senior civilian official designated under subsection (a) shall provide the congressional defense committees and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate with a briefing on the status of all Department activities to implement the AUKUS partnership.

(Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XIII, §1332, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 505.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

"Congressional Defense Committees" Defined

Congressional defense committees means the Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives, see section 3 of Pub. L. 118–31, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
22 U.S.C. § 10306 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 110: INFORMATION SECURITY AND CYBER DIPLOMACY / Section 10306: Vulnerability disclosure policy and bug bounty program report
Vulnerability disclosure policy and bug bounty program report
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Bug bounty program

The term "bug bounty program" means a program under which an approved individual, organization, or company is temporarily authorized to identify and report vulnerabilities of internet-facing information technology of the Department in exchange for compensation.

(2) Information technology

The term "information technology" has the meaning given such term in section 11101 of title 40.

(b) Vulnerability Disclosure Policy

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022, the Secretary shall design, establish, and make publicly known a Vulnerability Disclosure Policy (referred to in this section as the "VDP") to improve Department cybersecurity by—

(A) creating Department policy and infrastructure to receive reports of and remediate discovered vulnerabilities in line with existing policies of the Office of Management and Budget and the Department of Homeland Security Binding Operational Directive 20–01 or any subsequent directive; and

(B) providing a report on such policy and infrastructure to Congress.

(2) Annual reports

Not later than 180 days after the establishment of the VDP pursuant to paragraph (1), and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report on the VDP to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives that includes information relating to—

(A) the number and severity of all security vulnerabilities reported;

(B) the number of previously unidentified security vulnerabilities remediated as a result;

(C) the current number of outstanding previously unidentified security vulnerabilities and Department of State remediation plans;

(D) the average time between the reporting of security vulnerabilities and remediation of such vulnerabilities;

(E) the resources, surge staffing, roles, and responsibilities within the Department used to implement the VDP and complete security vulnerability remediation;

(F) how the VDP identified vulnerabilities are incorporated into existing Department vulnerability prioritization and management processes;

(G) any challenges in implementing the VDP and plans for expansion or contraction in the scope of the VDP across Department information systems; and

(H) any other topic that the Secretary determines to be relevant.

(c) Bug bounty program report

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after December 23, 2022, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress that describes any ongoing efforts by the Department or a third-party vendor under contract with the Department to establish or carry out a bug bounty program that identifies security vulnerabilities of internet-facing information technology of the Department.

(2) Report

Not later than 180 days after the date on which any bug bounty program is established, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives regarding such program, including information relating to—

(A) the number of approved individuals, organizations, or companies involved in such program, disaggregated by the number of approved individuals, organizations, or companies that—

(i) registered;

(ii) were approved;

(iii) submitted security vulnerabilities; and

(iv) received compensation;

(B) the number and severity of all security vulnerabilities reported as part of such program;

(C) the number of previously unidentified security vulnerabilities remediated as a result of such program;

(D) the current number of outstanding previously unidentified security vulnerabilities and Department remediation plans for such outstanding vulnerabilities;

(E) the average length of time between the reporting of security vulnerabilities and remediation of such vulnerabilities;

(F) the types of compensation provided under such program;

(G) the lessons learned from such program;

(H) the public accessibility of contact information for the Department regarding the bug bounty program;

(I) the incorporation of bug bounty program identified vulnerabilities into existing Department vulnerability prioritization and management processes; and

(J) any challenges in implementing the bug bounty program and plans for expansion or contraction in the scope of the bug bounty program across Department information systems.

(Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCV, §9509, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3907.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

"Department" and "Secretary" as used in this section mean the Department and Secretary of State, unless otherwise specified, see section 9002 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6032 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 69A: CUBAN LIBERTY AND DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY (LIBERTAD) / Subchapter I: STRENGTHENING INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST THE CASTRO GOVERNMENT / Section 6032: Enforcement of economic embargo of Cuba
Enforcement of economic embargo of Cuba
Status: in_force

(a) Policy

(1) Restrictions by other countries

The Congress hereby reaffirms section 1704(a) of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 [22 U.S.C. 6003(a)], which states that the President should encourage foreign countries to restrict trade and credit relations with Cuba in a manner consistent with the purposes of that Act [22 U.S.C. 6001 et seq.].

(2) Sanctions on other countries

The Congress further urges the President to take immediate steps to apply the sanctions described in section 1704(b)(1) of that Act [22 U.S.C. 6003(b)(1)] against countries assisting Cuba.

(b) Diplomatic efforts

The Secretary of State should ensure that United States diplomatic personnel abroad understand and, in their contacts with foreign officials, are communicating the reasons for the United States economic embargo of Cuba, and are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effectively with the embargo.

(c) Existing regulations

The President shall instruct the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General to enforce fully the Cuban Assets Control Regulations set forth in part 515 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations.

(d) Omitted

(e) Denial of visas to certain Cuban nationals

It is the sense of the Congress that the President should instruct the Secretary of State and the Attorney General to enforce fully existing regulations to deny visas to Cuban nationals considered by the Secretary of State to be officers or employees of the Cuban Government or of the Communist Party of Cuba.

(f), (g) Omitted

(h) Codification of economic embargo

The economic embargo of Cuba, as in effect on March 1, 1996, including all restrictions under part 515 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, shall be in effect on March 12, 1996, and shall remain in effect, subject to section 6064 of this title.

(Pub. L. 104–114, title I, §102, Mar. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 792.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Cuban Democracy Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (a), is title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 102–484, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2575, which is classified principally to chapter 69 (§6001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6001 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 102 of Pub. L. 104–114. Subsec. (d) of section 102 of Pub. L. 104–114 amended section 4315 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Subsecs. (f) and (g) of section 102 of Pub. L. 104–114 amended sections 6003 and 6004 of this title, respectively.
22 U.S.C. § 2507f (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2507f: Establishment of a policy on stalking
Establishment of a policy on stalking
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President shall develop and implement a comprehensive policy on stalking that—

(1) requires an immediate, effective, and thorough response from the Peace Corps upon receipt of a report of stalking;

(2) provides, during training, all Peace Corps volunteers with a point of contact for the reporting of stalking; and

(3) protects the confidentiality of volunteers who report stalking to the maximum extent practicable.

(b) Development and consultation with experts

In developing the stalking policy under subsection (a), the President shall consult with and incorporate, as appropriate, the recommendations and views of those with expertise regarding the crime of stalking.

(c) Training of in-country staff

The President shall provide for the training of all in-country staff regarding the stalking policy developed under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §8F, as added Pub. L. 112–57, §2, Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 742.)
22 U.S.C. § 3944 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter III: APPOINTMENTS / Section 3944: Chiefs of Mission
Chiefs of Mission
Status: in_force

(a) Qualifications; preference for career members; political contributions as factor in appointment; demonstrated competency report

(1) An individual appointed or assigned to be a chief of mission should possess clearly demonstrated competence to perform the duties of a chief of mission, including, to the maximum extent practicable, a useful knowledge of the principal language or dialect of the country in which the individual is to serve, and knowledge and understanding of the history, the culture, the economic and political institutions, and the interests of that country and its people.

(2) Given the qualifications specified in paragraph (1), positions as chief of mission should normally be accorded to career members of the Service, though circumstances will warrant appointments from time to time of qualified individuals who are not career members of the Service.

(3) Contributions to political campaigns should not be a factor in the appointment of an individual as a chief of mission.

(4) The President shall provide the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, with each nomination for an appointment as a chief of mission, a report on the demonstrated competence of that nominee to perform the duties of the position in which he or she is to serve.

(b) Furnishing of information by Secretary; political campaign contributions report

(1) In order to assist the President in selecting qualified candidates for appointment or assignment as chiefs of mission, the Secretary of State shall from time to time furnish the President with the names of career members of the Service who are qualified to serve as chiefs of mission, together with pertinent information about such members.

(2) The Secretary shall also furnish to the President, on an annual basis and to assist the President in selecting qualified candidates for appointments or assignments as chief of mission, the names of between 5 and 10 career civil servants serving at the Department of State or the United States Agency for International Development who are qualified to serve as chiefs of mission, together with pertinent information about such individuals.

(3) Each individual nominated by the President to be a chief of mission, ambassador at large, or minister shall, at the time of nomination, file with the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives a report of contributions made by such individual and by members of his or her immediate family during the period beginning on the first day of the fourth calendar year preceding the calendar year of the nomination and ending on the date of the nomination. The report shall be verified by the oath of the nominee, taken before any individual authorized to administer oaths. The chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate shall have each such report printed in the Congressional Record. As used in this paragraph, the term "contribution" has the same meaning given such term by section 30101(8) of title 52, and the term "immediate family" means the spouse of the nominee, and any child, parent, grandparent, brother, or sister of the nominee and the spouses of any of them.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §304, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2085; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §208(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–422; Pub. L. 118–31, div. F, title LXII, §6207, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 974.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 118–31 added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

1999—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–113 struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Within 6 months after assuming the position, the chief of mission to a foreign country shall submit, to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, a report describing his or her own foreign language competence and the foreign language competence of the mission staff in the principal language or other dialect of that country."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Public Availability of Reports on Nominees To Be Chiefs of Mission

Pub. L. 114–323, title VII, §712, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1945, provided that: "Not later than 7 days after submitting the report required under section 304(a)(4) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3944(a)(4)) to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the President shall make the report available to the public, including by posting the report on the website of the Department [of State] in a conspicuous manner and location."