22 U.S.C. § 2652b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2652b: Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs
Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of position

There is established in the Department of State the position of Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs.

(b) Appointment

The Assistant Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(c)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405

(d) Repealed and Omitted

(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(c)(3), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405.

(2) Omitted.

(e) Implementation

In order to carry out this section, the Secretary of State shall reprogram the position of Deputy Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs.

(Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §122, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 658; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(c), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of section 122 of Pub. L. 102–138. Subsec. (d)(2) of section 122 of Pub. L. 102–138 enacted provisions set out as a note under section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–236, §162(c)(2), struck out ", which is in addition to the positions provided under section 2652 of this title" after "Asian Affairs".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–236, §162(c)(1), struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The Assistant Secretary shall have responsibility within the Department of State with respect to India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, and the Maldives."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 103–236, §162(c)(3), struck out par. (1) which amended section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–236 applicable with respect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of State when executive orders, regulations, or departmental directives implementing the amendments by sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective, or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier, see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.

Authority of Secretary of State

Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to have and exercise any authority vested by law in any official or office of Department of State and references to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6474 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter IV: REFUGEE, ASYLUM, AND CONSULAR MATTERS / Section 6474: Studies on effect of expedited removal provisions on asylum claims
Studies on effect of expedited removal provisions on asylum claims
Status: in_force

(a) Studies

(1) Commission request for participation by experts on refugee and asylum issues

If the Commission so requests, the Attorney General shall invite experts designated by the Commission, who are recognized for their expertise and knowledge of refugee and asylum issues, to conduct a study, in cooperation with the Comptroller General of the United States, to determine whether immigration officers described in paragraph (2) are engaging in any of the conduct described in such paragraph.

(2) Duties of Comptroller General

The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study alone or, upon request by the Commission, in cooperation with experts designated by the Commission, to determine whether immigration officers performing duties under section 1225(b) of title 8 with respect to aliens who may be eligible to be granted asylum are engaging in any of the following conduct:

(A) Improperly encouraging such aliens to withdraw their applications for admission.

(B) Incorrectly failing to refer such aliens for an interview by an asylum officer for a determination of whether they have a credible fear of persecution (within the meaning of section 1225(b)(1)(B)(v) of title 8).

(C) Incorrectly removing such aliens to a country where they may be persecuted.

(D) Detaining such aliens improperly or in inappropriate conditions.

(b) Reports

(1) Participation by experts

In the case of a Commission request under subsection (a), the experts designated by the Commission under that subsection may submit a report to the committees described in paragraph (2). Such report may be submitted with the Comptroller General's report under subsection (a)(2) or independently.

(2) Duties of Comptroller General

Not later than September 1, 2000, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate, the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report containing the results of the study conducted under subsection (a)(2). If the Commission requests designated experts to participate with the Comptroller General in the preparation and submission of the report, the Comptroller General shall grant the request.

(c) Access to proceedings

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), to facilitate the studies and reports, the Attorney General shall permit the Comptroller General of the United States and, in the case of a Commission request under subsection (a), the experts designated under subsection (a) to have unrestricted access to all stages of all proceedings conducted under section 1225(b) of title 8.

(2) Exceptions

Paragraph (1) shall not apply in cases in which the alien objects to such access, or the Attorney General determines that the security of a particular proceeding would be threatened by such access, so long as any restrictions on the access of experts designated by the Commission under subsection (a) do not contravene international law.

(Pub. L. 105–292, title VI, §606, formerly §605, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2814; renumbered §606, Pub. L. 114–281, title V, §501(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1437.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
22 U.S.C. § 2227 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2227: Withholding of United States proportionate share for certain programs of international organizations
Withholding of United States proportionate share for certain programs of international organizations
Status: in_force

(a) Covered programs

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, none of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this part shall be available for the United States proportionate share for programs for Burma, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Cuba, or the Palestine Liberation Organization or for projects whose purpose is to provide benefits to the Palestine Liberation Organization or entities associated with it, or at the discretion of the President, Communist countries listed in section 2370(f) of this title.

(b) Review and report by Secretary of State

The Secretary of State—

(1) shall review, at least annually, the budgets and accounts of all international organizations receiving payments of any funds authorized to be appropriated by this part; and

(2) shall report to the appropriate committees of the Congress the amounts of funds expended by each such organization for the purposes described in subsection (a) and the amount contributed by the United States to each such organization.

(c) Exceptions

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the limitations of subsection (a) shall not apply to contributions to the International Atomic Energy Agency or the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), with respect to funds authorized to be appropriated by this part and available for the International Atomic Energy Agency, the limitations of subsection (a) shall apply to programs or projects of such Agency in Cuba.

(B)(i) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to programs or projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency that provide for the discontinuation, dismantling, or safety inspection of nuclear facilities or related materials, or for inspections and similar activities designed to prevent the development of nuclear weapons by a country described in subsection (a).

(ii) Clause (i) shall not apply with respect to the Juragua Nuclear Power Plant near Cienfuegos, Cuba, or the Pedro Pi Nuclear Research Center unless Cuba—

(I) ratifies the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (21 UST 483) or the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (commonly known as the Treaty of Tlatelolco);

(II) negotiates full-scope safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency not later than two years after ratification by Cuba of such Treaty; and

(III) incorporates internationally accepted nuclear safety standards.

(d) Programs and projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Iran

(1) Notwithstanding subsection (c), if the Secretary of State determines that programs and projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Iran are inconsistent with United States nuclear nonproliferation and safety goals, will provide Iran with training or expertise relevant to the development of nuclear weapons, or are being used as a cover for the acquisition of sensitive nuclear technology, the limitations of subsection (a) shall apply to such programs and projects, and the Secretary of State shall so notify the appropriate congressional committees (as defined in section 3 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003).

(2) A determination made by the Secretary of State under paragraph (1) shall be effective for the 1-year period beginning on the date of the determination.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §307, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title IV, §403, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 219; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title IV, §431(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(d) [title V, §516], div. G, subdiv. B, title XXVIII, §2809(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–174, 2681–849; Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XIII, §1342, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1451; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title II, §2101, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 266; Pub. L. 110–161, div. J, title VI, §616, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2320.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is section 3 of Pub. L. 107–228, which is set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 struck out "Libya," after "Syria,".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–13 struck out "Iraq," after "Burma,".

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–228 added subsec. (d).

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(d) [title V, §516], inserted before period at end ", or at the discretion of the President, Communist countries listed in section 2370(f) of this title".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §2809(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Subject to paragraph (2), the limitations" for "The limitations", and added par. (2).

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–236, §431(a)(1), substituted "Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria" for "the South-West Africa People's Organization".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–236, §431(a)(2), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1381 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 15: THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES / Subchapter V: PROPERTY RETAINED BY THE UNITED STATES / Section 1381: Retention by United States of title to real and personal property
Retention by United States of title to real and personal property
Status: in_force

There shall remain vested in the Government of the United States or its agencies or instrumentalities all the right, title, and interest of the said Government or its agencies or instrumentalities to all real and personal property within the Philippine Islands as may now be vested in, or later be acquired by the Government of the United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.

(July 3, 1946, ch. 536, §2, 60 Stat. 418.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Act July 3, 1946, ch. 536, §1, 60 Stat. 418, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Philippine Property Act of 1946'."
22 U.S.C. § 2451a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 33: MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM / Section 2451a: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-269, §7, May 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 272
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-269, §7, May 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 272
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–685, §8, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 974, required registration of international fair, exposition, celebration or other international exhibition with an international organization for participation by the United States. See section 2801 et seq. of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 7111 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 78: TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION / Section 7111: Report by Secretary of State
Report by Secretary of State
Status: in_force

At least 15 days prior to voting for a new or reauthorized peacekeeping mission under the auspices of the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or any other multilateral organization in which the United States participates (or in an emergency, as far in advance as is practicable), the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and any other appropriate congressional committee a report that contains—

(A) a description of measures taken by the organization to prevent the organization's employees, contractor personnel, and peacekeeping forces serving in the peacekeeping mission from trafficking in persons, exploiting victims of trafficking, or committing acts of sexual exploitation or abuse, and the measures in place to hold accountable any such individuals who engage in any such acts while participating in the peacekeeping mission; and

(B) an analysis of the effectiveness of each of the measures referred to in subparagraph (A).

(Pub. L. 109–164, title I, §104(e)(2), Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3566; Pub. L. 110–457, title III, §304(b), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, and not as part of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–457 substituted "Committee on Foreign Affairs" for "Committee on International Relations" in introductory provisions.
22 U.S.C. § 2626 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 37: FOREIGN GIFTS AND DECORATIONS / Section 2626: Repealed. Pub. L. 90-83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 224
Repealed. Pub. L. 90-83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 224
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–673, §7, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 952, authorized President to prescribe rules and regulations to carry out purposes of this chapter. See section 7342(e) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
22 U.S.C. § 4503 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 55: RESEARCH AND TRAINING FOR EASTERN EUROPE AND INDEPENDENT STATES OF FORMER SOVIET UNION / Section 4503: Establishment of Advisory Committee
Establishment of Advisory Committee
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment; composition; Chairman

There is established within the Department of State the Advisory Committee for Studies of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union which shall be composed of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Education, the Librarian of Congress, the President of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, and the President of the Association of American Universities. The Secretary of State shall be the Chairman.

(b) Meetings; quorum

The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairman and shall hold at least one meeting each year. Three members of the Advisory Committee shall constitute a quorum.

(c) Technical and clerical assistance

The Secretary of State may detail personnel of the Department of State to provide technical and clerical assistance to the Advisory Committee in carrying out its functions under this chapter.

(d) Functions

The Advisory Committee shall recommend grant policies for the advancement of the objectives of this chapter. In proposing recipients for grants under this chapter, the Advisory Committee shall give the highest priority to national organizations with an interest and expertise in conducting research and training concerning the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union and in disseminating the results of such research. In making its recommendations, the Advisory Committee shall emphasize the development of a stable, long-term research program.

(Pub. L. 98–164, title VIII, §804, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1048; Pub. L. 103–199, title III, §302(5), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2322.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–199, §302(5)(A), substituted "Establishment of Advisory Committee" for "Establishment of the Soviet-Eastern European Studies Advisory Committee" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(5)(B), substituted "Advisory Committee for Studies of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union" for "Soviet-Eastern European Studies Advisory Committee".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(5)(C), substituted "the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union" for "Soviet and Eastern European countries".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Definitions

In subsec. (d), independent states of the former Soviet Union has the meaning given in section 5801 of this title, see section 3 of Pub. L. 103–199, set out as a note under section 5801 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1644l (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter VI: CLAIMS AGAINST GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC / Section 1644l: Fees for services; limitation; penalty
Fees for services; limitation; penalty
Status: in_force

No remuneration on account of services rendered on behalf of any claimant, in connection with any claim filed with the Commission under this subchapter, shall exceed 10 per centum of the total amount paid pursuant to any award certified under the provisions of this subchapter on account of such claims. Any agreement to the contrary shall be unlawful and void. Whoever, in the United States or elsewhere demands or receives, on account of services so rendered, any remuneration in excess of the maximum permitted by this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than twelve months, or both.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title VI, §612, as added Pub. L. 94–542, Oct. 18, 1976, 90 Stat. 2512.)
22 U.S.C. § 10224 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 109: BURMA UNIFIED THROUGH RIGOROUS MILITARY ACCOUNTABILITY / Subchapter II: SANCTIONS AND POLICY COORDINATION WITH RESPECT TO BURMA / Section 10224: Support for greater United Nations action with respect to Burma
Support for greater United Nations action with respect to Burma
Status: in_force

(a) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the United Nations Security Council has not taken adequate steps to condemn the February 1, 2021, coup in Burma, pressure the Burmese military to cease its violence against civilians, or secure the release of those unjustly detained;

(2) countries, such as the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, that are directly or indirectly shielding the Burmese military from international scrutiny and action, should be obliged to endure the reputational damage of doing so by taking public votes on resolutions related to Burma that apply greater pressure on the Burmese military to restore Burma to its democratic path; and

(3) the United Nations Secretariat and the United Nations Security Council should take concrete steps to address the coup and ongoing crisis in Burma consistent with United Nations General Assembly resolution 75/287, "The situation in Myanmar," which was adopted on June 18, 2021.

(b) Support for greater action

The President shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to spur greater action by the United Nations and the United Nations Security Council with respect to Burma by—

(1) pushing the United Nations Security Council to consider a resolution condemning the February 1, 2021, coup and calling on the Burmese military to cease its violence against the people of Burma and release without preconditions the journalists, pro-democracy activists, and political officials that it has unjustly detained;

(2) pushing the United Nations Security Council to consider a resolution that immediately imposes a global arms embargo against Burma to ensure that the Burmese military is not able to obtain weapons and munitions from other nations to further harm, murder, and oppress the people of Burma;

(3) pushing the United Nations and other United Nations authorities to cut off assistance to the Government of Burma while providing humanitarian assistance directly to the people of Burma through United Nations bodies and civil society organizations, particularly such organizations working with ethnic minorities that have been adversely affected by the coup and the Burmese military's violent crackdown; and

(4) spurring the United Nations Security Council to consider multilateral sanctions against the Burmese military for its atrocities against Rohingya and individuals of other ethnic and religious minorities, its coup, and the atrocities it has and continues to commit in the coup's aftermath.

(c) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations should use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to—

(1) object to the appointment of representatives to the United Nations and United Nations bodies such as the Human Rights Council that are sanctioned by the Burmese military; and

(2) work to ensure the Burmese military is not recognized as the legitimate government of Burma in any United Nations body.

(Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5573, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3367.)
22 U.S.C. § 5872 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 67: FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT / Subchapter V: SPACE TRADE AND COOPERATION / Section 5872: Office of Space Commerce
Office of Space Commerce
Status: in_force

(a) Trade missions

The Office of Space Commerce of the Department of Commerce is authorized and encouraged to conduct one or more trade missions to appropriate independent states of the former Soviet Union for the purpose of familiarizing United States aerospace industry representatives with space hardware, space technologies, and space services that may be available from the independent states, and with the business practices and overall business climate in the independent states.

(b) Monitoring negotiations

The Office of Space Commerce—

(1) shall monitor the progress of any discussions described in section 5871(c)(1) of this title that are being conducted; and

(2) shall advise the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as to the impact on United States industry of each potential acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space services from the independent states of the former Soviet Union, specifically including any anticompetitive issues the Office may observe.

(Pub. L. 102–511, title VI, §602, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3347.)
22 U.S.C. § 3927a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter II: MANAGEMENT OF SERVICE / Section 3927a: Review by chief of mission
Review by chief of mission
Status: in_force

(a) Review of staff element under chief of mission authority; approval; process

The Secretary of State shall require each chief of mission to review, not less than once every 5 years, every staff element under chief of mission authority, including staff from other departments or agencies of the United States, and recommend approval or disapproval of each staff element. Each such review shall be conducted pursuant to a process established by the President for determining appropriate staffing at diplomatic missions and overseas constituent posts (commonly referred to as the "NSDD–38 process").

(b) Actions by Secretary of State

The Secretary of State, as part of the process established by the President referred to in subsection (a), shall take actions to carry out the recommendations made in each such review.

(Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title IV, §409, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2904; Pub. L. 112–74, div. I, title VII, §7034(n), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1217.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005, and also as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005, and not as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2011—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–74 struck out subsec. (c). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Not later than 1 year after December 8, 2004, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit a report on such reviews that occurred during the previous 12 months, together with the Secretary's recommendations regarding such reviews to the appropriate committees of Congress, the heads of all affected departments or agencies, and the Inspector General of the Department of State."
22 U.S.C. § 286ll (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XV: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 286ll: Fund policy changes
Fund policy changes
Status: in_force

(a) Policy changes within IMF

The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the Fund to promote regularly and vigorously in program discussions and quota increase negotiations the following proposals:

(1) Poverty alleviation, reduction of barriers to economic and social progress, and progress toward environmentally sound policies and programs

(A)(i) Considerations of poverty alleviation and the reduction of barriers to economic and social progress should be incorporated into all Fund programs and all consultations under article IV of the Articles of Agreement of the Fund.

(ii) Preparation of Policy Framework Papers should be extended to all nations which have Fund programs and active Bank or International Development Association lending programs, and existence of a Policy Framework Paper should be a precondition for new lending to such nations by the Fund.

(iii) All Policy Framework Papers should articulate the principal poverty, economic, and social measures that the borrowing nation needs to address, and this portion of the Policy Framework Paper (or a summary thereof that includes specific measures and timing) should be made available when the Policy Framework Paper is submitted to the Executive Directors of the Bank and of the Fund for consideration.

(iv) In considering whether to allocate resources of the Fund to a borrower, the Fund should take into consideration the nature of the program and commitment of the borrower to address the issues referred to in clause (iii).

(v) The Fund should establish procedures to enable the Fund to cooperate with the Bank in evaluating the effectiveness of the measures referred to in clause (iii), at the levels of policy, project design, monitoring, and reporting, in the international financial institutions and in the borrowing nations.

(B)(i) The Fund should be encouraged to make further progress toward environmentally sound policies and programs.

(ii) The Fund should incorporate environmental considerations into all Fund programs, including consultations under article IV of the Articles of Agreement of the Fund.

(iii) The Fund should be encouraged to support the efforts of nations to implement systems of natural resource accounting in their national income accounts.

(iv) The Fund should be encouraged to assist and cooperate fully with the statistical research being undertaken by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and by the United Nations in order to facilitate development and adoption of a generally applicable system for taking account of the depletion or degradation of natural resources in national income accounts.

(v) The Fund should be encouraged to consider and implement, as appropriate, revisions in its national income reporting systems consistent with such new systems as are of general applicability.

(2) Policy audits

(A) The Fund should conduct periodic audits to review systematically the policy prescriptions recommended and required by the Fund in the areas of poverty and the environment.

(B) The purposes of such audits would be—

(i) to determine whether the Fund's objectives were met; and

(ii) to evaluate the social and environmental impacts of the implementation of the policy prescriptions.

(C) Such audits would have access to all ongoing programs and activities of the Fund and the ability to review the effects of Fund-supported programs, on a country-by-country basis, with respect to poverty, economic development, and environment.

(D) Such audits should be made public as appropriate with due respect to confidentiality.

(3) Ensuring policy options that increase the productive participation of the poor

The Fund should establish procedures that ensure the focus of future economic reform programs approved by the Fund on policy options that increase the productive participation of the poor in the economy.

(4) Public access to information

(A) The Fund should establish procedures for public access to information.

(B) Such procedures shall seek to ensure access of the public to information while paying due regard to appropriate confidentiality.

(C) Policy Framework Papers and the supporting documents prepared by the Fund's mission to a country are examples of documents that should be made public at an appropriate time and in appropriate ways.

(b) Progress report

Each annual report of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies shall describe the following:

(1) The actions that the United States Executive Director and other officials have taken to convince the Fund to adopt the proposals set forth in subsection (a) through formal initiatives before the Board and management of the Fund, through bilateral discussions with other member nations, and through any further quota increase negotiations.

(2) The status of the progress being made by the Fund in implementing the proposals set forth in subsection (a).

(c) Study

The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director to the Fund to urge the Fund—

(1) to explore ways to increase the involvement and participation of important ministries, national development experts, environmental experts, free-market experts, and other legitimate experts and representatives from the loan-recipient country in the development of Fund programs; and

(2) to report on the status of Fund efforts in this regard.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 339, §59, as added Pub. L. 102–511, title X, §1002, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3357.)
22 U.S.C. § 8575 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 92: COMPREHENSIVE IRAN SANCTIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND DIVESTMENT / Subchapter VI: STOP HARBORING IRANIAN PETROLEUM / Section 8575: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

(2) Covered family member

The term "covered family member", with respect to a foreign person who is an individual, means a spouse, adult child, parent, or sibling of the person who engages in the sanctionable activity described under section 8572 of this title or who demonstrably benefits from such activity.

(Pub. L. 118–50, div. J, §6, Apr. 24, 2024, 138 Stat. 969.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum Act, also known as the SHIP Act, and not as part of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 1631f (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter II: VESTING AND LIQUIDATION OF BULGARIAN, HUNGARIAN, AND RUMANIAN PROPERTY / Section 1631f: Claims to vested property
Claims to vested property
Status: in_force

(a) Action for return of property; jurisdiction; complaint; custody of property until final determination

Any person who has not filed a notice of claim under subsection (b) of this section may institute a suit in equity for the return of any property, or the net proceeds thereof, vested in a designee of the President pursuant to section 1631a(a) of this title and held by such designee. Such suit, to which said designee shall be made a party defendant, shall be instituted in the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia or in the district court of the United States for the district in which the claimant resides, or, if a corporation, where it has its principal place of business, by the filing of a complaint which alleges—

(1) that the claimant is a person other than Bulgaria, Hungary, or Rumania, or a national thereof as defined in Executive Order 8389 of April 10, 1940, as amended; and

(2) that the claimant was the owner of such property immediately prior to its vesting, or is the successor in interest of such owner by inheritance, devise, or bequest.

If the court finds in favor of the claimant, it shall order the payment, conveyance, transfer, assignment, or delivery to said claimant of such property, or the net proceeds thereof, held by said designee or the portion thereof to which the court shall determine said claimant is entitled. If suit shall be so instituted, then such property, or, if liquidated, the net proceeds thereof, shall be retained in the custody of said designee until any final judgment or decree which shall be entered in favor of the claimant shall be fully satisfied, or until final judgment or decree shall be entered against the claimant or suit otherwise terminated.

(b) Notice of claim; review of denial

Any person who has not instituted a suit under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section may file a notice of claim under oath for the return of any property, or the net proceeds thereof, vested in a designee of the President pursuant to section 1631a(a) of this title and held by such designee. Such notice of claim shall be filed with said designee and in such form and containing such particulars as said designee shall require. Said designee may return any property so claimed, or the net proceeds thereof, whenever he shall determine—

(1) that the claimant is a person other than Bulgaria, Hungary, or Rumania, or a national thereof as defined in Executive Order 8389 of April 10, 1940, as amended; and

(2) that the claimant was the owner of such property immediately prior to its vesting, or is the successor in interest of such owner by inheritance, devise, or bequest.

Any person whose claim is finally denied in whole or in part by said designee may obtain review of such denial by filing a petition therefor in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Such petition for review must be filed within sixty days after the date of mailing of the final order of denial by said designee and a copy shall forthwith be transmitted to the said designee by the clerk of the court. Within forty-five days after receipt of such petition for review, or within such further time as the court may grant for good cause shown, said designee shall file an answer thereto, and shall file with the court the record of the proceedings with respect to such claim, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. The court may enter judgment affirming the order of the designee; or, upon finding that such order is not in accordance with law or that any material findings upon which such order is based are unsupported by substantial evidence, may enter judgment modifying or setting aside the order in whole or in part, and (1) directing a return of all or part of the property claimed, or (2) remanding the claim for further administrative proceedings thereon. If a notice of claim is filed under this subsection, the property which is the subject of such claim, or, if liquidated, the net proceeds thereof, shall be retained in the custody of said designee until any final order of said designee or any final judgment or decree which shall be entered in favor of the claimant shall be fully satisfied, or until a final order of said designee or a final judgment or decree shall be entered against the claimant, or the claim or suit otherwise terminated.

(c) Exclusiveness of relief

The sole relief and remedy of any person having any claim to any property vested pursuant to section 1631a(a) of this title, except a person claiming under section 1631o of this title, shall be that provided by the terms of subsection (a) or (b) of this section, and in the event of the liquidation by sale or otherwise of such property, shall be limited to and enforced against the net proceeds received therefrom and held by the designee of the President. The claim of any person based on his ownership of shares of stock or other proprietary interest in a corporation which was the owner of property at the date of vesting thereof under section 1631a(a) of this title shall be allowable under subsection (a) or (b) of this section if 25 per centum or more of the outstanding capital stock or other proprietary interest in the corporation was owned at such date by nationals of countries other than Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, Germany, or Japan. But no such claim of a national of a foreign country shall be satisfied except after certification by the Department of State that the country of the national accords protection to nationals of the United States in similar types of cases.

(d) Recovery for conservation, preservation or maintenance of property

The designee of the President may retain or recover from any property, or the net proceeds thereof, returned pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of this section an amount not exceeding that expended or incurred by him for the conservation, preservation, or maintenance of such property or proceeds.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title II, §207, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 645, §3, 69 Stat. 564; amended Pub. L. 85–791, §33, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 951; Pub. L. 90–421, §1(6), July 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 421.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order 8389 of April 10, 1940, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(1), is Ex. Ord. No. 8389, Apr. 10, 1940, 5 F.R. 1400, which is set out under section 4305 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendments

1968—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–421 inserted ", except a person claiming under section 1631o of this title," after "pursuant to section 1631a(a) of this title".

1958—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–791, in fifth sentence, substituted "shall forthwith be transmitted to the said designee by the clerk of the court" for "must be served on the said designee", and in sixth sentence, substituted "receipt" for "service" and substituted "file with the court the record of the proceedings with respect to such claim, as provided in section 2112 of title 28" for "certify and file with the court a transcript of the entire record of the proceedings with respect to such claim".
22 U.S.C. § 4053 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4053: Reassignment and retirement of former Presidential appointees
Reassignment and retirement of former Presidential appointees
Status: in_force

(a) Reassignment or retirement of participants not eligible for retirement

A participant, who completes an assignment under section 3942(b) of this title in a position to which the participant was appointed by the President, and is not otherwise eligible for retirement—

(1) shall be reassigned within 90 days after the termination of such assignment and any period of authorized leave, or

(2) if the Secretary of State determines that reassignment is not in the interest of the Foreign Service, shall be retired from the Service and receive retirement benefits in accordance with section 4046 or 4071d of this title, as appropriate.

(b) Retirement of participants eligible for retirement

A participant who completes an assignment under section 3942(b) of this title in a position to which the participant was appointed by the President and is eligible for retirement and is not reassigned within 90 days after the termination of such assignment and any period of authorized leave, shall be retired from the Service and receive retirement benefits in accordance with section 4046 of this title or section 4071d of this title, as appropriate.

(c) Retirement of reemployed participants

A participant who is retired under subsection (a)(2) and is subsequently employed by the United States Government, thereafter, shall be eligible to retire only under the terms of the applicable retirement system.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §813, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2113; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §149, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §174, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 413.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–236 added subsecs. (a) to (c) and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (c) which read as follows:

"(a) Except as provided under subsection (b) of this section, a participant, who completes an assignment under section 3942(b) of this title in a position to which he or she was appointed by the President, shall be offered reassignment within 90 days after the termination of such assignment and any period of authorized leave.

"(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply with respect to a participant, if the Secretary of State determines that reassignment of the participant is not in the interest of the United States and the Foreign Service.

"(c) A participant who is not reassigned under subsection (a) of this section shall be retired from the Service and receive retirement benefits in accordance with section 4046 or 4071d of this title, as appropriate."

1991—Pub. L. 102–138 inserted "Reassignment and" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If a participant completes an assignment under section 3942(b) of this title in a position to which he or she was appointed by the President and has not been reassigned within 3 months after the termination of such assignment (plus any period of authorized leave), the participant shall be retired from the Service and receive retirement benefits in accordance with section 4046 of this title."
22 U.S.C. § 1622a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1622a: Transfer of Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States to Department of Justice
Transfer of Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States to Department of Justice
Status: in_force

The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, established under Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1954, is hereby transferred to the Department of Justice as a separate agency within that Department.

(Pub. L. 96–209, title I, §101, Mar. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 96.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1954, referred to in text, is Reorg. Plan. No. 1 of 1954, July 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985, 68 Stat. 1279, which is set out as a note under section 1622 of this title.

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 96–209, title VI, Mar. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 99, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1622a to 1622g of this title, amending sections 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 4101 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 363 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 7546 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on the date of enactment [Mar. 14, 1980]."

Authority of Director of Office of Management and Budget Relating to Transfer of Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States and Termination of Affairs of Annual Assay Commission, United States Marine Corps Memorial Commission, and Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board

Pub. L. 96–209, title V, Mar. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 98, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to make such determinations as may be necessary with regard to the transfer of functions, powers, and duties pursuant to this Act [enacting sections 1622a to 1622g of this title, amending sections 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and 4101 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 363 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and 7546 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], and to make such additional incidental dispositions of personnel, assets, liabilities, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds held, used, arising from, available to or to be made available in connection with the functions transferred by this Act, as the Director may deem necessary to accomplish the purposes of this Act. The Director is further authorized and directed to provide for terminating the affairs of each agency, board, or commission [Annual Assay Commission under section 363 of former Title 31, the Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board under section 7546 of Title 42, and the United States Marine Corps Memorial Commission] abolished by this Act."
22 U.S.C. § 5091 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 60: ANTI-APARTHEID PROGRAM / Subchapter V: FUTURE POLICY TOWARD SOUTH AFRICA / Section 5091: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-149, §4(a)(1), Nov. 23, 1993, 107 Stat. 1504
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-149, §4(a)(1), Nov. 23, 1993, 107 Stat. 1504
Status: repealed

Section 5091, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §501, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 99–631, §1(a)(26), Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3518, related to imposition of additional measures against Government of South Africa.

Section 5092, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §502, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 99–631, §1(a)(27), Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3518, related to lifting of prohibitions contained in this chapter.

Section 5093, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §503, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1109, related to study of health conditions in "homelands" areas of South Africa.

Section 5094, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §504, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1109, related to report on imports of strategic and critical materials from South Africa.

Section 5095, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §505, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 99–631, §1(a)(28), Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3518, related to study and report on economy of southern Africa.

Section 5096, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §506, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1110, related to report on relations between other industrialized democracies and South Africa.

Section 5097, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §507, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1110, related to study and report on deposit accounts of South African nationals in United States banks.

Section 5098, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §508, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1110, related to study and report on violation of international embargo on sale and export of military articles to South Africa.

Section 5099, Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §509, Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1111, related to report on Communist activities in South Africa.
22 U.S.C. § 4601 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 56: UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE / Section 4601: Congressional declaration of findings and purposes
Congressional declaration of findings and purposes
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress finds and declares that—

(1) a living institution embodying the heritage, ideals, and concerns of the American people for peace would be a significant response to the deep public need for the Nation to develop fully a range of effective options, in addition to armed capacity, that can leash international violence and manage international conflict;

(2) people throughout the world are fearful of nuclear war, are divided by war and threats of war, are experiencing social and cultural hostilities from rapid international change and real and perceived conflicts over interests, and are diverted from peace by the lack of problem-solving skills for dealing with such conflicts;

(3) many potentially destructive conflicts among nations and peoples have been resolved constructively and with cost efficiency at the international, national, and community levels through proper use of such techniques as negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration;

(4) there is a national need to examine the disciplines in the social, behavioral, and physical sciences and the arts and humanities with regard to the history, nature, elements, and future of peace processes, and to bring together and develop new and tested techniques to promote peaceful economic, political, social, and cultural relations in the world;

(5) existing institutions providing programs in international affairs, diplomacy, conflict resolution, and peace studies are essential to further development of techniques to promote peaceful resolution of international conflict, and the peacemaking activities of people in such institutions, government, private enterprise, and voluntary associations can be strengthened by a national institution devoted to international peace research, education and training, and information services;

(6) there is a need for Federal leadership to expand and support the existing international peace and conflict resolution efforts of the Nation and to develop new comprehensive peace education and training programs, basic and applied research projects, and programs providing peace information;

(7) the Commission on Proposals for the National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution, created by the Education Amendments of 1978, recommended establishing an academy as a highly desirable investment to further the Nation's interest in promoting international peace;

(8) an institute strengthening and symbolizing the fruitful relation between the world of learning and the world of public affairs, would be the most efficient and immediate means for the Nation to enlarge its capacity to promote the peaceful resolution of international conflicts; and

(9) the establishment of such an institute is an appropriate investment by the people of this Nation to advance the history, science, art, and practice of international peace and the resolution of conflicts among nations without the use of violence.

(b) It is the purpose of this chapter to establish an independent, nonprofit, national institute to serve the people and the Government through the widest possible range of education and training, basic and applied research opportunities, and peace information services on the means to promote international peace and the resolution of conflicts among the nations and peoples of the world without recourse to violence.

(Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, §1702, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2649.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Education Amendments of 1978, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), is Pub. L. 95–561, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2143. Part B (§§1511–1519) of title XV of Pub. L. 95–561, which provided for the Commission on Proposals for the National Academy of Peace and Conflict Resolution, was set out as a note under section 1123 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note under section 6301 of Title 20 and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 98–525, title XVII, §1701, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2649, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'United States Institute of Peace Act'."
22 U.S.C. § 276g (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter I: CANADA-UNITED STATES INTERPARLIAMENTARY GROUP / Section 276g: Auditing of accounts
Auditing of accounts
Status: in_force

The certificate of the Chairman of the House delegation or the Senate delegation of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group shall hereafter be final and conclusive upon the accounting officers in the auditing of the accounts of the United States group of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group.

(Pub. L. 86–42, §4, June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 73.)
22 U.S.C. § 290c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XX: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION / Section 290c: Withdrawal from Organization on one-year notice
Withdrawal from Organization on one-year notice
Status: in_force

In adopting this subchapter the Congress does so with the understanding that, in the absence of any provision in the World Health Organization Constitution for withdrawal from the Organization, the United States reserves its right to withdraw from the Organization on a one-year notice: Provided, however, That the financial obligations of the United States to the Organization shall be met in full for the Organization's current fiscal year.

(June 14, 1948, ch. 469, §4, 62 Stat. 442.)
22 U.S.C. § 3311 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 48: TAIWAN RELATIONS / Section 3311: Reporting requirements
Reporting requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Texts of agreements to be transmitted to Congress; secret agreements to be transmitted to Senate Foreign Relations Committee and House Foreign Affairs Committee

The Secretary of State shall transmit to the Congress the text of any agreement to which the Institute is a party. However, any such agreement the immediate public disclosure of which would, in the opinion of the President, be prejudicial to the national security of the United States shall not be so transmitted to the Congress but shall be transmitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives under an appropriate injunction of secrecy to be removed only upon due notice from the President.

(b) Agreements

For purposes of subsection (a), the term "agreement" includes—

(1) any agreement entered into between the Institute and the governing authorities on Taiwan or the instrumentality established by Taiwan; and

(2) any agreement entered into between the Institute and an agency of the United States Government.

(c) Congressional notification, review, and approval requirements and procedures

Agreements and transactions made or to be made by or through the Institute shall be subject to the same congressional notification, review, and approval requirements and procedures as if such agreements and transactions were made by or through the agency of the United States Government on behalf of which the Institute is acting.

(Pub. L. 96–8, §12, Apr. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 20; Pub. L. 98–164, title X, §1011(a)(3), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1061.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1983—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–164 struck out subsec. (d) which required the Secretary of State to make semi-annual reports respecting economic relations between the United States and Taiwan.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective as of January 1, 1979, see section 18 of Pub. L. 96–8, set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2182 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2182: Authorization for worldwide shelter guarantees
Authorization for worldwide shelter guarantees
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization to issue guarantees to eligible investors

To carry out the policy of section 2181 of this title, the President is authorized to issue guaranties to eligible investors (as defined in section 2198(c) 1 of this title) assuring against losses incurred in connection with loans made for projects meeting the criteria set forth in section 2181 of this title. The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this subpart or heretofore issued under prior housing guaranty authorities, which are outstanding at any one time, shall not exceed $2,558,000,000. The authority of this section shall continue through September 30, 1992. The President may issue regulations from time to time with regard to the terms and conditions upon which such guaranties shall be issued and the eligibility of lenders.

(b) Emphasis on certain activities

Activities carried out under this section shall emphasize—

(1) projects which provide improved home sites to poor families on which to build shelter, and related services;

(2) projects comprised of expandable core shelter units on serviced sites;

(3) slum upgrading projects designed to conserve and improve existing shelter;

(4) shelter projects for low-income people designed for demonstration or institution building purposes; and

(5) community facilities and services in support of projects authorized under this section to improve the shelter occupied by the poor.

(c) Use of solar energy technology

In issuing guaranties under this section with respect to projects in a country which require the use or conservation of energy, the President shall give consideration to the use of solar energy technologies, where such technologies are economically and technically feasible. Technologies which may be used include solar hot water systems, solar heating and cooling, passive solar heating, biomass conversion, photovoltaic and wind applications, and community-scale solar thermal applications.

(k) 2 Minimum annual program levels

The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this section for each of the fiscal years 1986 and 1987 shall be comparable to the total principal amount of such guaranties issued for fiscal year 1984, subject to the dollar limitations on the issuance of guaranties under this section which are contained in subsection (a) and in appropriation Acts.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §222, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, §105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807; amended Pub. L. 94–161, title III, §311(4), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 95–88, title I, §117(a)(2), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §115(a), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 96–53, title I, §112(a), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 97–113, title III, §310(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1535; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(1) [title V, §541(a)], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1903; Pub. L. 99–83, title III, §313(a)–(c), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 216, 217; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title II, §201], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–142; Pub. L. 101–167, title II, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1205; Pub. L. 101–302, title II, May 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 224; Pub. L. 101–513, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1989.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2198(c) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.

Codification

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 is based on section 311(b) of H.R. 5119, Ninety-eighth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives May 10, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–473.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 222 of Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 430, as amended by Pub. L. 87–565, pt. I, §104(b), Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, §104(b)–(f), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 381, 382; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, §104(c), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, §104(b), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, §104(b), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 451, contained general provisions concerning foreign investment guaranties, prior to the general reorganization of this subpart by Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, §105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–513 substituted "1992" for "1991".

Pub. L. 101–302 substituted "$2,558,000,000" for "$2,158,000,000".

1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–167 substituted "1991" for "1990".

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted "1990" for "1988".

1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–83, §313(a), (b), substituted "$2,158,000,000" for "$1,958,000,000" and "1988" for "1986".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–83, §313(c), added subsec. (k).

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473 substituted "$1,958,000,000" for "$1,718,000,000" and "1986" for "1984".

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–113 increased limitation on total principal amount of outstanding guarantees to $1,718,000,000 from $1,555,000,000 and extended termination date for exercise of guarantee authority to Sept. 30, 1984, from Sept. 30, 1982.

1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–53 substituted "$1,555,000,000" for "$1,180,000,000", and "through September 30, 1982" for "until September 30, 1980".

1978—Pub. L. 95–424 amended section generally to provide a new consolidated section which provides a single authorization for the worldwide housing guarantee program, a new list of the types of programs to be emphasized, increased the worldwide authorization to $1,180,000,000, and encourages officials and governments in developing countries to consider the use of solar energy in housing projects.

1977—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–88 inserted "or under section 2181 of this title" after "Latin American housing guaranty authority repealed by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969" and substituted "$1,030,000,000" for "$600,000,000".

1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–161 substituted "$600,000,000" for "$550,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. No subsecs. (d) to (j) have been enacted.
22 U.S.C. § 6006 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 69: CUBAN DEMOCRACY / Section 6006: Policy toward a transitional Cuban Government
Policy toward a transitional Cuban Government
Status: in_force

Food, medicine, and medical supplies for humanitarian purposes should be made available for Cuba under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] and the Food for Peace Act [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.] if the President determines and certifies to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that the government in power in Cuba—

(1) has made a public commitment to hold free and fair elections for a new government within 6 months and is proceeding to implement that decision;

(2) has made a public commitment to respect, and is respecting, internationally recognized human rights and basic democratic freedoms; and

(3) is not providing weapons or funds to any group, in any other country, that seeks the violent overthrow of the government of that country.

(Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XVII, §1707, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2579; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(V), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1821.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Food for Peace Act, referred to in text, is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454, which is classified generally to chapter 41 (§1691 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of Title 7 and Tables.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246 substituted "Food for Peace Act" for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.
22 U.S.C. § 2508 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2508: Foreign participants; admission into the United States as nonimmigrants; removal
Foreign participants; admission into the United States as nonimmigrants; removal
Status: in_force

In order to provide for assistance by foreign nationals in the training of volunteers, and to permit effective implementation of Peace Corps projects with due regard for the desirability of cost-sharing arrangements, where appropriate, the President may make provision for transportation, housing, subsistence, or per diem in lieu thereof, and health care or health and accident insurance for foreign nationals engaged in activities authorized by this chapter while they are away from their homes, without regard to the provisions of any other law: Provided, however, That per diem in lieu of subsistence furnished to such persons shall not be at rates higher than those prescribed by the Secretary of State pursuant to section 2679 of title 22. Such persons, and persons coming to the United States under contract pursuant to section 2509(a)(5) of this title, may be admitted to the United States, if otherwise qualified, as nonimmigrants under section 1101(a)(15) of title 8 for such time and under such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State and the Attorney General. A person admitted under this section who fails to maintain the status under which he was admitted or who fails to depart from the United States at the expiration of the time for which he was admitted, or who engages in activities of a political nature detrimental to the interests of the United States, or in activities not consistent with the security of the United States, shall, upon the warrant of the Attorney General, be taken into custody and promptly removed pursuant to chapter 4 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.] 1 proceedings under this section shall be summary and the findings of the Attorney General as to matters of fact shall be conclusive.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §9, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 97–113, title VI, §605(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, §308(e)(18), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–621.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables.

The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163. Chapter 4 of title II of the Act is classified generally to part IV (§1221 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 12 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "removed pursuant to chapter 4 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act" for "deported pursuant to sections 1251, 1252, and 1253 of title 8. Deportation".

1981—Pub. L. 97–113 substituted reference to section "2509(a)(5)" for "2509(a)(4)" of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective, with certain transitional provisions, on the first day of the first month beginning more than 180 days after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 309 of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1101 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1–103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period and "Removal".
22 U.S.C. § 2706 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2706: Reprograming of funds; notice requirements
Reprograming of funds; notice requirements
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Unless the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate are notified fifteen days in advance of the proposed reprograming, funds appropriated for the Department of State shall not be available for obligation or expenditure through any reprograming of funds—

(1) which creates new programs;

(2) which eliminates a program, project, or activity;

(3) which increases funds or personnel by any means for any project or activity for which funds have been denied or restricted by the Congress;

(4) which relocates an office or employees;

(5) which reorganizes offices, programs, or activities;

(6) which involves contracting out functions which had been performed by Federal employees; or

(7) which involves a reprograming in excess of $1,000,000 or 10 per centum, whichever is less, and which (A) augments existing programs, projects, or activities, (B) reduces by 10 per centum or more the funding for any existing program, project, activity, or personnel approved by the Congress, or (C) results from any general savings from a reduction in personnel which would result in a change in existing programs, activities, or projects approved by the Congress.

(b) Final 15 days in which funds available

Funds appropriated for the Department of State may not be available for obligation or expenditure through any reprogramming described in subsection (a) during the period which is the last 15 days in which such funds are available unless notice of such reprogramming is made before such period.

(c) Waiver

The Secretary of State may waive the notification requirement of subsection (a), if the Secretary determines that failure to do so would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare. In the case of any waiver under this subsection, notification to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives shall be provided as soon as practicable, but not later than 3 days after taking the action to which the notification requirement was applicable, and shall contain an explanation of the emergency circumstances.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §34, as added Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §123, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1025; amended Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §121, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1339; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §117(b), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 657; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §122(c), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXII, §2243, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–823.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 34 of act Aug. 1, 1956, was renumbered sections 35 and 36 by sections 123 and 124 of Pub. L. 98–164, and subsequently renumbered, and set out as a Short Title of 1956 Amendment note under section 2651 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §111(1), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 654.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §2243(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations" for "Foreign Affairs" and inserted "and the Committee on Appropriations" after "Foreign Relations".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §2243(2), added subsec. (c).

1994—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "$1,000,000" for "$500,000".

1991—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 102–138 substituted "$500,000" for "$250,000".

1987—Pub. L. 100–204 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.
22 U.S.C. § 2688 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2688: Ambassadors; criteria regarding selection and confirmation
Ambassadors; criteria regarding selection and confirmation
Status: in_force

It is the sense of the Congress that the position of United States ambassador to a foreign country should be accorded to men and women possessing clearly demonstrated competence to perform ambassadorial duties. No individual should be accorded the position of United States ambassador to a foreign country primarily because of financial contributions to political campaigns.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §18, as added Pub. L. 94–141, title I, §104, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 757; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 97–241, title II, §202(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 282.)
22 U.S.C. § 290 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XX: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION / Section 290: Acceptance of membership by the United States
Acceptance of membership by the United States
Status: in_force

The President is hereby authorized to accept membership for the United States in the World Health Organization (hereinafter referred to as the Organization), the constitution of which was adopted in New York on July 22, 1946, by the International Health Conference for the establishment of an International Health Organization, and deposited in the archives of the United Nations.

(June 14, 1948, ch. 469, §1, 62 Stat. 441.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Participation of Taiwan in the World Health Organization

Pub. L. 108–235, §1, June 14, 2004, 118 Stat. 656, as amended by Pub. L. 117–124, §1(b)(1), May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1203, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) Good health is important to every citizen of the world and access to the highest standards of health information and services is necessary to improve the public health.

"(2) Direct and unobstructed participation in international health cooperation forums and programs is beneficial for all parts of the world, especially today with the great potential for the cross-border spread of various infectious diseases such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, and malaria.

"(3) Taiwan's population of 23,500,000 people is greater than that of ¾ of the member states already in the World Health Organization (WHO).

"(4) Taiwan's achievements in the field of health are substantial, including—

"(A) attaining—

"(i) 1 of the highest life expectancy levels in Asia; and

"(ii) maternal and infant mortality rates comparable to those of western countries;

"(B) eradicating such infectious diseases as cholera, smallpox, the plague, and polio; and

"(C) providing children with hepatitis B vaccinations.

"(5) The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its counterpart agencies in Taiwan have enjoyed close collaboration on a wide range of public health issues.

"(6) In recent years Taiwan has expressed a willingness to assist financially and technically in international aid and health activities supported by the WHO.

"(7) On January 14, 2001, an earthquake, registering between 7.6 and 7.9 on the Richter scale, struck El Salvador. In response, the Taiwanese Government sent 2 rescue teams, consisting of 90 individuals specializing in firefighting, medicine, and civil engineering. The Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs also donated $200,000 in relief aid to the Salvadoran Government.

"(8) The World Health Assembly has allowed observers to participate in the activities of the organization, including the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1974, the Order of Malta, and the Holy See in the early 1950's.

"(9) The United States, in the 1994 Taiwan Policy Review, declared its intention to support Taiwan's participation in appropriate international organizations.

"(10) Public Law 106–137 [113 Stat. 1691] required the Secretary of State to submit a report to Congress on efforts by the executive branch to support Taiwan's participation in international organizations, in particular the WHO.

"(11) In light of all benefits that Taiwan's participation in the WHO can bring to the state of health not only in Taiwan, but also regionally and globally, Taiwan and its 23,500,000 people should have appropriate and meaningful participation in the WHO.

"(12) On May 11, 2001, President Bush stated in a letter to Senator Murkowski that the United States 'should find opportunities for Taiwan's voice to be heard in international organizations in order to make a contribution, even if membership is not possible', further stating that the administration 'has focused on finding concrete ways for Taiwan to benefit and contribute to the WHO'.

"(13) In his speech made in the World Medical Association on May 14, 2002, Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson announced 'America's work for a healthy world cuts across political lines. That is why my government supports Taiwan's efforts to gain observership status at the World Health Assembly. We know this is a controversial issue, but we do not shrink from taking a public stance on it. The people of Taiwan deserve the same level of public health as citizens of every nation on earth, and we support them in their efforts to achieve it'.

"(14) The Government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, in response to an appeal from the United Nations and the United States for resources to control the spread of HIV/AIDS, donated $1,000,000 to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in December 2002.

"(15) In 2003, the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) caused 84 deaths in Taiwan.

"(16) Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, has reemerged in Asia, with strains of the influenza reported by the People's Republic of China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos.

"(17) The SARS and avian influenza outbreaks illustrate that disease knows no boundaries and emphasize the importance of allowing all people access to the WHO.

"(18) As the pace of globalization quickens and the spread of infectious disease accelerates, it is crucial that all people, including the people of Taiwan, be given the opportunity to participate in international health organizations such as the WHO.

"(19) The Secretary of Health and Human Services acknowledged during the 2003 World Health Assembly meeting that '[t]he need for effective public health exists among all peoples'.

"(b) Plan.—The Secretary of State is authorized to—

"(1) initiate a United States plan to endorse and obtain observer status for Taiwan at the annual week-long summit of the World Health Assembly each year in Geneva, Switzerland;

"(2) instruct the United States delegation to the World Health Assembly in Geneva to implement that plan; and

"(3) introduce a resolution in support of observer status for Taiwan at the summit of the World Health Assembly.

"(c) Report Concerning Observer Status for Taiwan at the Summit of the World Health Assembly.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 14, 2004], and not later than April 1 of each year thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Congress, in unclassified form, describing the United States plan to endorse and obtain observer status for Taiwan at the annual week-long summit of the World Health Assembly (WHA) held by the World Health Organization (WHO) in May of each year in Geneva, Switzerland. Each report shall include the following:

"(1) An account of the efforts the Secretary of State has made, following the last meeting of the World Health Assembly, to encourage WHO member states to promote Taiwan's bid to obtain observer status.

"(2) The steps the Secretary of State will take to endorse and obtain observer status at the next annual meeting of the World Health Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland.

"(3) An account of the changes and improvements the Secretary of State has made to the United States plan to endorse and obtain observer status for Taiwan at the World Health Assembly, following any annual meetings of the World Health Assembly at which Taiwan did not obtain observer status."

[Pub. L. 117–124, §1(b)(2), May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1203, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending section 1 of Pub. L. 108–235, set out above] shall take effect and apply beginning with the first report required under subsection (c) of section 1 of the Act entitled, 'To address the participation of Taiwan in the World Health Organization' (Public Law 108–235; 22 U.S.C. 290 note) that is submitted after the date of the enactment of this Act [May 13, 2022]."]

Executive Documents

International Health Administration

Ex. Ord. No. 10399, Sept. 29, 1952, 17 F.R. 8648, designated Surgeon General to perform certain duties under International Sanitary Regulations of World Health Organization.
22 U.S.C. § 2346d (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SALES / Section 2346d: People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund
People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

Beginning on the date that is one year after Dec. 27, 2020, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development is authorized to establish a program to provide funding for projects to help build the foundation for peaceful co-existence between Israelis and Palestinians and for a sustainable two-state solution. The program established under this subsection shall be known as the "People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund" (referred to in this section as the "Fund").

(b) Eligibility for support

In providing funding for projects through the Fund, the Administrator may provide support for qualified organizations, prioritizing those organizations that seek to build better cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians, including Palestinian organizations, Israeli organizations, and international organizations that bring Israelis and Palestinians together.

(c) Additional eligibility for support

In providing funding for projects through the Fund, the Administrator may additionally provide support to qualified organizations that further shared community building, peaceful co-existence, dialogue, and reconciliation between Arab and Jewish citizens of Israel.

(d) Contributions

The Administrator—

(1) is encouraged to work with foreign governments and international organizations to leverage the impact of United States resources and achieve the objectives of this section; and

(2) is authorized to accept contributions for the purposes of the Fund, consistent with subsection (d) of section 2395 of this title.

(e) Advisory board

(1) Establishment

The Administrator shall establish an advisory board to make recommendations to the Administrator regarding the types of projects that should be considered for funding through the Fund.

(2) Membership

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (B), the advisory board shall be composed of 13 members, none of whom may be Members of Congress, who shall be appointed for renewable periods of 3 years, as follows:

(i) One member to serve as chair, appointed by the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of State.

(ii) One member appointed by the chair, and one member appointed by the ranking member, of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

(iii) One member appointed by the chair, and one member appointed by the ranking member, of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(iv) One member appointed by the chair, and one member appointed by the ranking member, of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

(v) One member appointed by the chair, and one member appointed by the ranking member, of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(vi) One member appointed by the majority leader, and one member appointed by the minority leader, of the Senate.

(vii) One member appointed by the Speaker, and one member appointed by the minority leader, of the House of Representatives.

(B) International participation

The Administrator may appoint up to two additional members to the advisory board who are representatives of foreign governments or international organizations for renewable periods of 3 years.

(C) Qualifications

Members of the advisory board shall have demonstrated regional expertise and experience and expertise in conflict mitigation and people-to-people programs, and shall not receive compensation on account of their service on the advisory board.

(f) USAID mission recommendations

The Administrator shall consider the input and recommendations from missions of the United States Agency for International Development in the region and mission directors regarding projects that should be considered for funding through the Fund.

(g) Coordination

The Administrator shall coordinate with the Secretary of State in carrying out the provisions of this section.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §535, as added Pub. L. 116–260, div. K, title VIII, §8004, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1816.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2346d, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §535, as added Pub. L. 99–440, title V, §511(a), Oct. 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 1111; amended Pub. L. 99–631, §1(b)(3), Nov. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 3519, related to economic support for disadvantaged South Africans, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–149, §4(a)(3)(B), Nov. 23, 1993, 107 Stat. 1505.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Nita M. Lowey Middle East Partnership for Peace

Pub. L. 116–260, div. K, title VIII, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1815, provided that:

"SHORT TITLE

"Sec. 8001. This title may be cited as the 'Nita M. Lowey Middle East Partnership for Peace Act of 2020'.

"FINDINGS

"Sec. 8002. Congress finds the following:

"(1) Economic development in conflict settings has been shown to support stabilization by empowering entrepreneurs, growing the middle class, and mitigating unemployment.

"(2) In 2018, unemployment in the Palestinian territories was 32.4 percent. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in the Palestinian territories declined from 2017 to 2019, and it is projected to further decline in 2020.

"(3) According to the World Bank Ad Hoc Liaison Committee's April 2019 Economic Monitoring Report, 'to achieve sustainable economic growth, in the Palestinian territories, growth and job creation going forward will need to be private sector driven'.

"(4) According to the 2018 Joint Strategic Plan of the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development, 'assistance can help prevent new recruitment to terrorist organizations, reduce levels of violence, promote legitimate governance structures that strengthen inclusion, and reduce policies that marginalize communities'.

"(5) Although economic development is an important tool for stabilizing conflict-prone settings and establishing connections between communities, economic development by itself will not lead to lasting peace. People-to-people peace-building programs further advance reconciliation efforts by promoting greater understanding, mutual trust, and cooperation between communities.

"(6) While the United States and its international partners continue to support diplomatic and political negotiations between the representatives of the parties to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, such efforts require broad popular support among the people on the ground to succeed.

"(7) Achieving sustainable, high-level agreements for lasting peace in the Middle East must come through, and with the support of, the people who live there, and the United States and its international partners can help the people of the region build popular support for sustainable agreements for lasting peace.

"SENSE OF CONGRESS

"Sec. 8003. It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) building a viable Palestinian economy is central to the effort to preserve the possibility of a negotiated settlement leading to a sustainable two-state solution with the democratic, Jewish state of Israel and a demilitarized, democratic Palestinian state living side-by-side in peace, security, and mutual recognition;

"(2) United States and international support for grassroots, people-to-people efforts aimed at fostering tolerance, and building support for such solution, can help counter extremist propaganda and the growing issue of incitement;

"(3) strengthening engagement between Palestinians and Israelis, including through people-to-people peace-building programs can increase the bonds of friendship and understanding;

"(4) investing in the development of the Palestinian economy and in joint economic ventures can advance multiple sectors to the benefit of local, regional, and global parties; and

"(5) Congress encourages cooperation between Palestinian, American, and Israeli business sectors in order to benefit the Palestinian, American, and Israeli peoples and economies.

"PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE FUND

"Sec. 8004. [Enacted this section.]

"JOINT INVESTMENT FOR PEACE INITIATIVE

"Sec. 8005. (a) Establishment.—Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2020], the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation (referred to in this section as the 'Chief Executive Officer' and the 'Corporation', respectively) is authorized to establish a program to provide investments in, and support to, entities that carry out projects that contribute to the development of the Palestinian private sector economy in the West Bank and Gaza. The program established under this subsection shall be known as the 'Joint Investment for Peace Initiative' (referred to in this section as the 'Initiative') and shall be subject to all existing terms, conditions, restrictions, oversight requirements, and applicable provisions of law, including the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9611 et seq) [div. F of Pub. L. 115–254, 22 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.], including through strict adherence to the less-developed country focus under section 1412(c) of such Act [22 U.S.C. 9612(c)].

"(b) Participation Requirement.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Chief Executive Officer shall ensure participation by small and medium-sized enterprises owned by Palestinians, which may include the technology sector, the agriculture sector, and other high value-added or emerging industries.

"(c) Priority.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Chief Executive Officer shall prioritize support to projects that increase economic cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians.

"(d) Use of Existing Authorities.—In carrying out the Initiative, the Chief Executive Officer shall utilize the authorities under section 1421 of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9621), including to—

"(1) select a manager of the Initiative;

"(2) oversee and direct the operation of the Initiative consistent with such Act and other provisions of law;

"(3) provide the Initiative with loans, guaranties, equity, and insurance, as appropriate, to enable the Initiative to attract private investment;

"(4) support the private sector in entering into joint ventures between Palestinian and Israeli entities; and

"(5) carry out the purposes of the Initiative consistent with the provisions of this section and other applicable provisions of law.

"(e) Annual Report.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than December 31, 2021, and each December 31 thereafter until December 31, 2031, the Chief Executive Officer shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes the following:

"(A) The extent to which the Initiative has contributed to promoting and supporting Palestinian economic development.

"(B) The extent to which the Initiative has contributed to greater integration of the Palestinian economy into the international rules-based business system.

"(C) The extent to which projects that increase economic cooperation between Palestinians and Israelis and between Palestinians and Americans have been prioritized, including through support to the private sector to enter into joint ventures.

"(D) Information on the following:

"(i) Investments received and provided through the Initiative.

"(ii) The mechanisms established for transparency and accountability of investments provided through the Initiative.

"(E) The extent to which entities supported by the Initiative have impacted the efficacy of people-to-people programs.

"(F) To the extent practicable, an assessment of the sustainability of commercial endeavors that receive support from the Initiative.

"(G) A description of the process for vetting and oversight of entities eligible for support from the Initiative to ensure compliance with the requirements of section 8006(b) of this Act [probably means "this title"].

"(2) Form.—The reports required under this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, without the designation 'For Official Use Only' or any related or successor designation, but may be accompanied by a classified annex.

"(f) Termination.—

"(1) In general.—The Initiative shall terminate at the end of the fiscal year that is 10 years after the date on which the Chief Executive Officer makes the first investment under the Initiative.

"(2) Exception.—The Chief Executive Officer is authorized to continue to manage investments made under the Initiative on and after the date specified in paragraph (1).

"(g) Coordination.—The Chief Executive Officer shall coordinate with the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development in carrying out the provisions of this section.

"LIMITATIONS, VETTING, COORDINATION, AND OVERSIGHT

"Sec. 8006. (a) Limitations.—None of the funds made available to carry out this title, or any amendment made by this title, may be used to provide—

"(1) financial assistance to the national government of any foreign country;

"(2) assistance for—

"(A) any individual or group the Secretary of State determines to be involved in, or advocating, terrorist activity; or

"(B) any individual who is a member of a foreign terrorist organization (as designated pursuant to section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189)); or

"(3) assistance for the Palestinian Authority or the Palestine Liberation Organization.

"(b) Applicable Regulations.—Assistance made available under this title, and any amendment made by this title, shall adhere to the mission directives and vetting practices for assistance for the West Bank and Gaza, as set forth by the United States Agency for International Development.

"(c) Coordination.—

"(1) The Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation, acting through the Chief Development Officer of such Corporation, shall coordinate with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Secretary of State to ensure that all expenditures from the Joint Investment for Peace Initiative comply with this section.

"(2) To the extent practicable, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation should coordinate and share information in advance of providing resources through the People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund and the Joint Investment for Peace Initiative.

"(d) Report.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the end of the first fiscal year in which both the People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund and the Joint Investment for Peace Initiative are in effect, and annually thereafter, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation shall, in coordination with the Secretary of State, jointly submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report in writing that describes—

"(A)(i) lessons learned and best practices developed from funding for projects under the People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund during the prior fiscal year; and

"(ii) the extent to which such projects have contributed to the purposes of the People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund;

"(B)(i) lessons learned and best practices developed from investments provided under the Joint Investment for Peace Initiative during the prior fiscal year; and

"(ii) the extent to which such investments have contributed to the purposes of the Joint Investment for Peace Initiative; and

"(C) how the United States International Development Finance Corporation and the United States Agency for International Development coordinate and share information with respect to the People-to-People Partnership for Peace Fund and the Joint Investment for Peace Initiative.

"(2) Consultation.—The Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall consult with the advisory board established by subsection (e) of section 535 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346d(e)] (as added by section 8004 of this Act [probably means "this title"]) to inform the reports required by paragraph (1).

"APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED

"Sec. 8007. In this title, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' has the meaning given that term in section 1402 of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9601).

"AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

"Sec. 8008. (a) In General.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title, and the amendments made by this title, $50,000,000 for each of the first 5 fiscal years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2020].

"(b) Consultation Requirement.—Not later than 90 days after enactment of this Act, and prior to the obligation of funds made available to implement this title, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall consult with the Committees on Appropriations on the proposed uses of funds.

"(c) Administrative Expenses.—Not more than 5 percent of amounts authorized to be appropriated by subsection (a) for a fiscal year should be made available for administrative expenses to carry out section 535 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346d] (as added by section 8004 of this Act [probably means "this title"]).

"(d) Availability.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated by subsection (a) for a fiscal year are authorized to remain available for such fiscal year and the subsequent 4 fiscal years."
22 U.S.C. § 3927 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter II: MANAGEMENT OF SERVICE / Section 3927: Chief of mission
Chief of mission
Status: in_force

(a) Duties

Under the direction of the President, the chief of mission to a foreign country—

(1) shall have full responsibility for the direction, coordination, and supervision of all Government executive branch employees in that country (except for Voice of America correspondents on official assignment and employees under the command of a United States area military commander); and

(2) shall keep fully and currently informed with respect to all activities and operations of the Government within that country, and shall insure that all Government executive branch employees in that country (except for Voice of America correspondents on official assignment and employees under the command of a United States area military commander) comply fully with all applicable directives of the chief of mission.

(b) Duties of agencies with employees in foreign countries

Any executive branch agency having employees in a foreign country shall keep the chief of mission to that country fully and currently informed with respect to all activities and operations of its employees in that country, and shall insure that all of its employees in that country (except for Voice of America correspondents on official assignment and employees under the command of a United States area military commander) comply fully with all applicable directives of the chief of mission.

(c) Promotion of United States goods and services

Each chief of mission to a foreign country shall have as a principal duty the promotion of United States goods and services for export to such country.

(d) Promotion of United States economic interests

Each chief of mission to a foreign country shall have as a principal duty the promotion of United States economic and commercial interests in such country.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §207, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2079; Pub. L. 97–241, title I, §123, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 281; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §136, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1345; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title V, §505(b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1393; Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title VII, §704, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3070.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–94 added subsec. (d).

2002—Subsecs. (a)(1), (2), (b). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted "Voice of America correspondents on official assignment and" after "except for".

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–204, §136(1), (2), inserted "executive branch" after "Government" in par. (1) and after second reference to "Government" in par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–204, §136(3), inserted "executive branch" after "Any".

1982—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–241 added subsec. (c).
22 U.S.C. § 2291b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2291b: Prohibition on use of foreign assistance for reimbursements for drug crop eradications
Prohibition on use of foreign assistance for reimbursements for drug crop eradications
Status: in_force

Funds made available to carry out this chapter may not be used to reimburse persons whose illicit drug crops are eradicated.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §483, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title VI, §609, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 230.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2024 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 28: INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PARTICIPATION / Section 2024: Authorization of appropriations for payment of expenses
Authorization of appropriations for payment of expenses
Status: in_force

There is authorized to be appropriated annually to the Department of State, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary for the payment by the United States of its share of the expenses of the International Atomic Energy Agency as apportioned by the Agency in accordance with paragraph (D) of article XIV of the Statute of the Agency, and for all necessary salaries and expenses of the representatives provided for in section 2021 of this title and of their appropriate staffs, including personal services without regard to the civil service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5; travel expenses without regard to the Standardized Government Travel Regulations, as amended, subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, and section 5731 of title 5, as amended; salaries as authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], or as authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.], and expenses and allowances of personnel and dependents as authorized by the Foreign Service Act of 1980; services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5; translating and other services, by contract; hire of passenger motor vehicles and other local transportation; printing and binding without regard to section 501 of title 44; official functions and courtesies; such sums as may be necessary to defray the expenses of United States participation in the Preparatory Commission for the Agency, established pursuant to annex I of the Statute of the Agency; and such other expenses as may be authorized by the Secretary of State.

(Pub. L. 85–177, §5, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 454; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2206(a)(7)(B), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2161.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Paragraph (D) of article XIV of the Statute of the Agency, referred to in text, provides "The Board of Governors shall apportion the expenses referred to in subparagraph B–1 above, among members in accordance with a scale to be fixed by the General Conference. In fixing the scale the General Conference shall be guided by the principles adopted by the United Nations in assessing contributions of Member States to the regular budget of the United Nations".

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables.

The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, referred to in text, is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 919, which is classified principally to chapter 23 (§2011 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

"Chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5", "subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5", "section 5731 of title 5", and "section 3109 of title 5" substituted in text for "the Classification Act of 1949, as amended", "the Travel Expense Act of 1949, as amended", "section 10 of the Act of March 3, 1933, as amended [5 U.S.C. 73b]", and "section 15 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a)", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

"Section 501 of title 44" substituted in text for "section II of the Act of March 1, 1919 (44 U.S.C. 111)" on authority of Pub. L. 90–620, §2(b), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1305, the first section of which enacted Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendments

1980—Pub. L. 96–465 substituted references to the Foreign Service Act of 1980 for references to the Foreign Service Act of 1946.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

Termination of Authority Under This Section

Authority under this section to terminate if Senate refuses its advice and consent by a formal vote to an amendment to the Statute of the Agency, see section 2026 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4081b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IX: TRAVEL, LEAVE, AND OTHER BENEFITS / Section 4081b: Presence of chiefs of mission at diplomatic posts
Presence of chiefs of mission at diplomatic posts
Status: in_force

(a) Requirement for arrival at diplomatic post within 60 days

(1) In general

The Secretary shall require that to be eligible for payment of travel expenses for initial arrival at the assigned post, a chief of mission must arrive at the post not later than 60 days after the date on which the chief of mission was confirmed by the Senate.

(2) Exceptions

The restriction under paragraph (1) shall not apply to a chief of mission who arrives later than 60 days after confirmation by the Senate if the delay was caused by one or more of the following:

(A) A flight delay that was outside of the control of the chief of mission or the Department.

(B) A natural disaster, global health emergency, or other naturally occurring event that prevented the chief of mission from entering the country of the assigned post.

(C) Delay or refusal by the government of the host country to accept diplomatic accreditation.

(D) Family or medical emergency.

(E) Extenuating circumstances beyond the control of the chief of mission.

(3) Waiver

The Secretary may waive the requirement under paragraph (1) upon a determination that extenuating circumstances warrant such a waiver and upon submission of a brief description of the determination to the appropriate congressional committees.

(4) Notification required

Not later than 90 days after December 23, 2024, and in each case that a chief of mission arrives at an assigned post more than 60 days after confirmation, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report identifying any chief of mission who arrived at the assigned post more than 60 days after confirmation by the Senate, and includes a description of the justification.

(b) Notifications on departures of chiefs of mission

Beginning on April 1, 2025, for 5 years, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of any chief of mission who has permanently departed from the assigned post within 90 days of the departure.

(Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXII, §7202, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2528.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, and also as part of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, and not as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of "Secretary", "Department", and "appropriate congressional committees" as used in this section, see section 7002 of Pub. L. 118–159, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 8543 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 92: COMPREHENSIVE IRAN SANCTIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND DIVESTMENT / Subchapter III: PREVENTION OF DIVERSION OF CERTAIN GOODS, SERVICES, AND TECHNOLOGIES TO IRAN / Section 8543: Destinations of Diversion Concern
Destinations of Diversion Concern
Status: in_force

(a) Designation

(1) In general

The President shall designate a country as a Destination of Diversion Concern if the President determines that the government of the country allows substantial diversion of goods, services, or technologies described in section 8542(b) of this title through the country to Iranian end-users or Iranian intermediaries.

(2) Determination of substantial

For purposes of paragraph (1), the President shall determine whether the government of a country allows substantial diversion of goods, services, or technologies described in section 8542(b) of this title through the country to Iranian end-users or Iranian intermediaries based on criteria that include—

(A) the volume of such goods, services, and technologies that are diverted through the country to such end-users or intermediaries;

(B) the inadequacy of the export controls of the country;

(C) the unwillingness or demonstrated inability of the government of the country to control the diversion of such goods, services, and technologies to such end-users or intermediaries; and

(D) the unwillingness or inability of the government of the country to cooperate with the United States in efforts to interdict the diversion of such goods, services, or technologies to such end-users or intermediaries.

(b) Report on designation

Upon designating a country as a Destination of Diversion Concern under subsection (a), the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report—

(1) notifying those committees of the designation of the country; and

(2) containing a list of the goods, services, and technologies described in section 8542(b) of this title that the President determines are diverted through the country to Iranian end-users or Iranian intermediaries.

(c) Licensing requirement

Not later than 45 days after submitting a report required by subsection (b) with respect to a country designated as a Destination of Diversion Concern under subsection (a), the President shall require a license under the Export Administration Regulations or the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (whichever is applicable) to export to that country a good, service, or technology on the list required under subsection (b)(2), with the presumption that any application for such a license will be denied.

(d) Delay of imposition of licensing requirement

(1) In general

The President may delay the imposition of the licensing requirement under subsection (c) with respect to a country designated as a Destination of Diversion Concern under subsection (a) for a 12-month period if the President—

(A) determines that the government of the country is taking steps—

(i) to institute an export control system or strengthen the export control system of the country;

(ii) to interdict the diversion of goods, services, or technologies described in section 8542(b) of this title through the country to Iranian end-users or Iranian intermediaries; and

(iii) to comply with and enforce United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1696 (2006), 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008), and 1929 (2010), and any other resolution that is agreed to by the Security Council and imposes sanctions with respect to Iran;

(B) determines that it is appropriate to carry out government-to-government activities to strengthen the export control system of the country; and

(C) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report describing the steps specified in subparagraph (A) being taken by the government of the country.

(2) Additional 12-month periods

The President may delay the imposition of the licensing requirement under subsection (c) with respect to a country designated as a Destination of Diversion Concern under subsection (a) for additional 12-month periods after the 12-month period referred to in paragraph (1) if the President, for each such 12-month period—

(A) makes the determinations described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) with respect to the country; and

(B) submits to the appropriate congressional committees an updated version of the report required by subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1).

(3) Strengthening export control systems

If the President determines under paragraph (1)(B) that is it appropriate to carry out government-to-government activities to strengthen the export control system of a country designated as a Destination of Diversion Concern under subsection (a), the United States shall initiate government-to-government activities that may include—

(A) cooperation by agencies and departments of the United States with counterpart agencies and departments in the country—

(i) to develop or strengthen the export control system of the country;

(ii) to strengthen cooperation among agencies of the country and with the United States and facilitate enforcement of the export control system of the country; and

(iii) to promote information and data exchanges among agencies of the country and with the United States;

(B) training officials of the country to strengthen the export control systems of the country—

(i) to facilitate legitimate trade in goods, services, and technologies; and

(ii) to prevent terrorists and state sponsors of terrorism, including Iran, from obtaining nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, defense technologies, components for improvised explosive devices, and other defense articles; and

(C) encouraging the government of the country to participate in the Proliferation Security Initiative, such as by entering into a ship boarding agreement pursuant to the Initiative.

(e) Termination of designation

The designation of a country as a Destination of Diversion Concern under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date on which the President determines, and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees, that the country has adequately strengthened the export control system of the country to prevent the diversion of goods, services, and technologies described in section 8542(b) of this title to Iranian end-users or Iranian intermediaries.

(f) Form of reports

A report required by subsection (b) or (d) may be submitted in classified form.

(Pub. L. 111–195, title III, §303, July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1347.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section, see section 8551(a) of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 23, 2010, 75 F.R. 67025, set out as a note under section 8501 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 10002 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 107: SUDAN DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND FISCAL TRANSPARENCY / Section 10002: Statement of policy
Statement of policy
Status: in_force

It is the policy of the United States—

(1) to support a civilian-led political transition in Sudan that results in a democratic government, which is accountable to its people, respects and promotes human rights, is at peace internally and with its neighbors, and can be a partner for regional stability;

(2) to support the implementation of Sudan's constitutional charter for the transitional period; and

(3) to pursue a strategy of calibrated engagement with Sudan that includes—

(A) facilitating an environment for free, fair, and credible democratic elections and a pluralistic and representative political system;

(B) supporting reforms that improve transparency and accountability, remove restrictions on civil and political liberties, and strengthen the protection of human rights, including religious freedom;

(C) strengthening civilian institutions, judicial independence, and the rule of law;

(D) empowering civil society and independent media;

(E) promoting national reconciliation and enabling a just, comprehensive, and sustainable peace;

(F) promoting the role of women in government, the economy, and society, in recognition of the seminal role that women played in the social movement that ousted former president Omar al-Bashir;

(G) promoting accountability for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and sexual and gender-based violence;

(H) encouraging the development of civilian oversight over and professionalization of the Sudanese security and intelligence services and strengthening accountability for human rights violations and abuses, corruption, or other abuses of power;

(I) promoting economic reform, private sector engagement, and inclusive economic development while combating corruption and illicit economic activity, including that which involves the Sudanese security and intelligence services;

(J) securing unfettered humanitarian access across all regions of Sudan;

(K) supporting improved development outcomes, domestic resource mobilization, and catalyzing market-based solutions to improve access to health, education, water and sanitation, and livelihoods; and

(L) promoting responsible international and regional engagement.

(Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1263, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3968.)
22 U.S.C. § 2414a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2414a: Annual report to Congress on voting practices at United Nations
Annual report to Congress on voting practices at United Nations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not later than March 31 of each year, the Secretary of State shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a full and complete annual report which assesses for the preceding calendar year, with respect to each foreign country member of the United Nations, the voting practices of the governments of such countries at the United Nations, and which evaluates General Assembly and Security Council actions and the responsiveness of those governments to United States policy on issues of special importance to the United States.

(b) Information on voting practices in United Nations

Such report shall include, with respect to voting practices and plenary actions in the United Nations during the preceding calendar year, information to be compiled and supplied by the Permanent Representative of the United States to the United Nations, consisting of—

(1) an analysis and discussion, prepared in consultation with the Secretary of State, of the extent to which member countries supported United States policy objectives at the United Nations;

(2) an analysis and discussion, prepared in consultation with the Secretary of State, of actions taken by the United Nations by consensus;

(3) with respect to plenary votes of the United Nations General Assembly—

(A) a listing of all such votes on issues which directly affected important United States interests and on which the United States lobbied extensively and a brief description of the issues involved in each such vote;

(B) a listing of the votes described in subparagraph (A) which provides a comparison of the vote cast by each member country with the vote cast by the United States;

(C) a country-by-country listing of votes described in subparagraph (A); and

(D) a listing of votes described in subparagraph (A) displayed in terms of United Nations regional caucus groups;

(4) a listing of all plenary votes cast by member countries of the United Nations in the General Assembly which provides a comparison of the votes cast by each member country with the vote cast by the United States, including a separate listing of all plenary votes cast by member countries of the United Nations in the General Assembly on resolutions specifically related to Israel that are opposed by the United States;

(5) an analysis and discussion, prepared in consultation with the Secretary of State, of the extent to which other members supported United States policy objectives in the Security Council and a separate listing of all Security Council votes of each member country in comparison with the United States; and

(6) a side-by-side comparison of agreement on important and overall votes for each member country and the United States.

(c) Format

Information required pursuant to subsection (b)(3) shall also be submitted, together with an explanation of the statistical methodology, in a format identical to that contained in chapter II of the Report to Congress on Voting Practices in the United Nations, dated March 14, 1988.

(d) Statement by Secretary of State

Each report under subsection (a) shall contain a statement by the Secretary of State discussing the measures which have been taken to inform United States diplomatic missions of United Nations General Assembly and Security Council activities.

(Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, §406, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 66; Pub. L. 108–447, div. D, title V, §534(k), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3007.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of section 406 of Pub. L. 101–246. Subsec. (e) of section 406 of Pub. L. 101–246 repealed provisions contained in prior appropriation acts which had been formerly set out as this section. See Similar Provisions note below.

Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 108–447 inserted before semicolon at end ", including a separate listing of all plenary votes cast by member countries of the United Nations in the General Assembly on resolutions specifically related to Israel that are opposed by the United States".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Similar Provisions

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1223.

Pub. L. 100–461, title V, §527, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2268–26; repealed by Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527(e)(6), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1224, and Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, §406(e)(5), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 67.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §528], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–158; repealed by Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527(e)(5), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1224, and Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, §406(e)(4), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 67.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(f) [title V, §528], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–213, 1783–230, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(f) [title V, §528], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–214, 3341–230; repealed by Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527(e)(4), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1224, and Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, §406(e)(3), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 67.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(i) [title V, §529], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291, 1307; repealed by Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527(e)(3), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1224, and Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, §406(e)(2), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 67.

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(1) [title V, §530], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1900; repealed by Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527(e)(2), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1224.

Pub. L. 98–151, §101(b)(1), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 967; repealed by Pub. L. 101–167, title V, §527(e)(1), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1224, and Pub. L. 101–246, title IV, §406(e)(1), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 67.

Statement of Policy on Member State's Voting Practices at the United Nations

Pub. L. 114–323, title III, §309, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1924, provided that: "It is the policy of the United States to strongly consider a Member State's voting practices at the United Nations before entering into any agreements with the Member State."

Requirement for Disclosure of Foreign Aid in Report of Secretary of State

Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title V, §559], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–45, which required that the report submitted to Congress under subsec. (a) of this section include, in addition to the voting practices of a foreign country, a side-by-side comparison of individual countries' overall support for the United States at the United Nations and the amount of United States assistance, as defined in section 2291(e)(4) of this title, provided to such country in fiscal year 2000, was from the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2001, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §560], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–104.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(d) [title V, §562], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–193.

Pub. L. 105–118, title V, §563, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2427.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(c) [title V, §580], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–170.
22 U.S.C. § 4002 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VI: PROMOTION AND RETENTION / Section 4002: Establishment of selection boards
Establishment of selection boards
Status: in_force

(a) Evaluation of performance; recommendations

The Secretary shall establish selection boards to evaluate the performance of members of the Senior Foreign Service and members of the Service assigned to a salary class in the Foreign Service Schedule. Selection boards shall, in accordance with precepts prescribed by the Secretary, rank the members of a salary class on the basis of relative performance and may make recommendations for—

(1) promotions in accordance with section 4001 of this title;

(2) awards of performance pay under section 3965(c) of this title;

(3) denials of within-class step increases under section 3966(a) of this title;

(4) offer or renewal of limited career extensions under section 4007(b) of this title; and

(5) such other actions as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation.

(b) Public members; appointment of women and minority groups

All selection boards established under this section shall include public members. The Secretary shall assure that a substantial number of women and members of minority groups are appointed to each selection board established under this section.

(c) Disqualification for service on foreign service selection boards

No public members appointed pursuant to this section may be, at the time of their appointment or during their appointment, an agent of a foreign principal (as defined by section 611(b) of this title) or a lobbyist for a foreign entity (as defined in section 1602(6) of title 2) or receive income from a government of a foreign country.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §602, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §142, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 36; Pub. L. 104–65, §12(c), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 701.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1995—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–65 inserted "or a lobbyist for a foreign entity (as defined in section 1602(6) of title 2)" before "or receive income".

1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–246 added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–65 effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided, see section 24 of Pub. L. 104–65, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1601 of Title 2, The Congress.
22 U.S.C. § 4316 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 53: AUTHORITIES RELATING TO THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN MISSIONS / Section 4316: Application of travel restrictions to personnel of certain countries and organizations
Application of travel restrictions to personnel of certain countries and organizations
Status: in_force

(a) Requirement for restrictions

The Secretary shall apply the same generally applicable restrictions to the travel while in the United States of the individuals described in subsection (b) as are applied under this chapter to the members of the missions of the Soviet Union in the United States.

(b) Individuals subject to restrictions

The restrictions required by subsection (a) shall be applied with respect to those individuals who (as determined by the Secretary) are—

(1) the personnel of an international organization, if the individual is a national of any foreign country whose government engages in intelligence activities in the United States that are harmful to the national security of the United States;

(2) the personnel of a mission to an international organization, if that mission is the mission of a foreign government that engages in intelligence activities in the United States that are harmful to the national security of the United States; or

(3) the family members or dependents of an individual described in paragraphs (1) and (2);

and who are not nationals or permanent resident aliens of the United States.

(c) Waivers

The Secretary, after consultation with the Director of Central Intelligence and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, may waive application of the restrictions required by subsection (a) if the Secretary determines that the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States so require.

(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §139(3), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 397

(e) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "generally applicable restrictions" means any limitations on the radius within which unrestricted travel is permitted and obtaining travel services through the auspices of the Office of Foreign Missions for travel elsewhere, and does not include any restrictions which unconditionally prohibit the members of missions of the Soviet Union in the United States from traveling to designated areas of the United States and which are applied as a result of particular factors in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.1

(2) the term "international organization" means an organization described in section 4309(b)(1) of this title; and

(3) the term "personnel" includes—

(A) officers, employees, and any other staff member, and

(B) any individual who is retained under contract or other arrangement to serve functions similar to those of an officer, employee, or other staff member.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title II, §216, as added Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §162(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1357; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §139(3), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 397.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–236 struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: "The Secretary shall transmit to the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, not later than six months after December 22, 1987, and not later than every six months thereafter, a report on the actions taken by the Secretary in carrying out this section during the previous six months."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §162(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1358, provided that: "Subsection (a) of the section enacted by this section [this section] shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987]."

Authority of Secretary of State

Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to have and exercise any authority vested by law in any official or office of Department of State and references to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this title.

1 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
22 U.S.C. § 5322 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 62: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL POLICY / Subchapter II: INTERNATIONAL DEBT / Section 5322: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that—

(1) the international debt problem threatens the safety and soundness of the international financial system, the stability of the international trading system, and the economic development of the debtor countries;

(2) orderly reduction of international trade imbalances requires very substantial growth in all parts of the world economy, particularly in the developing countries;

(3) growth in developing countries with substantial external debts has been significantly constrained over the last several years by a combination of high debt service obligations and insufficient new flows of financial resources to these countries;

(4) substantial interest payment outflows from debtor countries, combined with inadequate net new capital inflows, have produced a significant net transfer of financial resources from debtor to creditor countries;

(5) negative resource transfers at present levels severely depress both investment and growth in the debtor countries, and force debtor countries to reduce imports and expand exports in order to meet their debt service obligations;

(6) current adjustment policies in debtor countries, which depress domestic demand and increase production for export, help to depress world commodity prices and limit the growth of export markets for United States industries;

(7) the United States has borne a disproportionate share of the burden of absorbing increased exports from debtor countries, while other industrialized countries have increased their imports from developing countries only slightly;

(8) current approaches to the debt problem should not rely solely on new lending as a solution to the debt problem, and should focus on other financing alternatives including a reduction in current debt service obligations;

(9) new international mechanisms to improve the management of the debt problem and to expand the range of financing options available to developing countries should be explored; and

(10) industrial countries with strong current account surpluses have a disproportionate share of the world's capital resources, and bear an additional responsibility for contributing to a viable long-term solution to the debt problem.

(Pub. L. 100–418, title III, §3102, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1375.)
22 U.S.C. § 289 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIX: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE ORGANIZATION / Section 289: Acceptance of membership by the United States; conditions
Acceptance of membership by the United States; conditions
Status: in_force

The President is hereby authorized to accept membership for the United States in the International Refugee Organization (hereinafter referred to as the "Organization"), the constitution of which was approved in New York on December 15, 1946, by the General Assembly of the United Nations, and deposited in the archives of the United Nations: Provided, however, That this authority is granted and the approval of the Congress of the acceptance of membership of the United States in the International Refugee Organization is given upon condition and with the reservation that no agreement shall be concluded on behalf of the United States and no action shall be taken by any officer, agency, or any other person and acceptance of the constitution of the Organization by or on behalf of the Government of the United States shall not constitute or authorize action (1) whereby any person shall be admitted to or settled or resettled in the United States or any of its Territories or possessions without prior approval thereof by the Congress, and this subchapter shall not be construed as such prior approval, or (2) which will have the effect of abrogating, suspending, modifying, adding to, or superseding any of the immigration laws or any other laws of the United States.

(July 1, 1947, ch. 185, §1, 61 Stat. 214.)
22 U.S.C. § 9255 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 99: NORTH KOREA SANCTIONS AND POLICY ENHANCEMENT / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES / Section 9255: Authority to consolidate reports
Authority to consolidate reports
Status: in_force

Any and all reports required to be submitted to appropriate congressional committees under this chapter or any amendment made by this Act that are subject to a deadline for submission consisting of the same unit of time may be consolidated into a single report that is submitted to appropriate congressional committees pursuant to such deadline. The consolidated reports must contain all information required under this chapter or any amendment made by this Act, in addition to all other elements mandated by previous law.

(Pub. L. 114–122, title IV, §405, Feb. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 116.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 114–122, Feb. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 93, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9201 of this title and Tables.

Any amendment made by this Act, referred to in text, means the amendments made by Pub. L. 114–122. See Short Title note set out under section 9201 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 2151l (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2151l: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-424, title I, §§102(f), 104(b), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942, 947
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-424, title I, §§102(f), 104(b), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942, 947
Status: repealed

Section 2151l, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §114, as added Pub. L. 93–189, §2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 716; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title I, §109, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 536, prohibited use of funds for performance of abortions or involuntary sterilizations.

Section 2151m, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §115, as added Pub. L. 93–559, §20, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1800; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title I, §110, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 536, prohibited use of funds available under this part for any countries to which assistance is furnished under part IV of subchapter II of this chapter or under subchapter V of this chapter without specific authorization from Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3101 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 46: INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AND TRADE IN SERVICES SURVEY / Section 3101: Congressional statement of findings and declaration of purpose
Congressional statement of findings and declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds and declares that—

(1) the United States Government is presently authorized to collect limited amounts of information on United States investment abroad and foreign investment in the United States;

(2) international investment has increased rapidly within recent years;

(3) such investment significantly affects the economies of the United States and other nations;

(4) international efforts to obtain information on the activities of multinational enterprises and other international investors have accelerated recently;

(5) the potential consequences of international investment cannot be evaluated accurately because the United States Government lacks sufficient information on such investment and its actual or possible effects on the national security, commerce, employment, inflation, general welfare, and foreign policy of the United States;

(6) accurate and comprehensive information on international investment is needed by the Congress to develop an informed United States policy on such investment;

(7) United States service industries engaged in interstate and foreign commerce account for a substantial part of the labor force and gross national product of the United States economy, and such commerce is rapidly increasing;

(8) international trade and services is an important issue for international negotiations and deserves priority in the attention of governments, international agencies, negotiators, and the private sector; and

(9) existing estimates of international investment and trade in services, collected under existing legal authority, are limited in scope and are based on outdated statistical bases, reports, and information which are insufficient for policy formulation and decisionmaking.

(b) Purpose

It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to provide clear and unambiguous authority for the President to collect information on international investment and United States foreign trade in services, whether directly or by affiliates, including related information necessary for assessing the impact of such investment and trade, to authorize the collection and use of information on direct investments owned or controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments or persons, and to provide analyses of such information to the Congress, the executive agencies, and the general public. It is the intent of the Congress that information which is collected from the public under this chapter be obtained with a minimum burden on business and other respondents and with no unnecessary duplication of effort, consistent with the national interest in obtaining comprehensive and reliable information on international investment and trade in services.

(c) Nonrestraint and nondeterrence of investment

Nothing in this chapter is intended to restrain or deter foreign investment in the United States, United States investment abroad, or trade in services.

(Pub. L. 94–472, §2, Oct. 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 2059; Pub. L. 98–573, title III, §306(b)(2), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3009; Pub. L. 101–533, §6(A)[(a)], Nov. 7, 1990, 104 Stat. 2348.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–533 inserted "to authorize the collection and use of information on direct investments owned or controlled directly or indirectly by foreign governments or persons," after "the impact of such investment and trade," in first sentence.

1984—Subsec. (a)(7) to (9). Pub. L. 98–573, §306(b)(2)(A), added pars. (7) and (8), redesignated former par. (7) as (9), and inserted "and trade in services" after "international investment" in par. (9).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–573, §306(b)(2)(B), substituted "international investment and United States foreign trade in services, whether directly or by affiliates, including related information necessary for assessing the impact of such investment and trade," for "international investment", and "international investment and trade in services" for "international investment".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–573, §306(b)(2)(C), inserted reference to trade in services.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 94–472, §1, Oct. 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 2059, as amended by Pub. L. 98–573, title III, §306(b)(1), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3009, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'International Investment and Trade in Services Survey Act'."

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 11961. International Investment and Trade in Services

Ex. Ord. No. 11961, Jan. 19, 1977, 42 F.R. 4321, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12013, Oct. 7, 1977, 42 F.R. 54931; Ex. Ord. No. 12318, Aug. 21, 1981, 46 F.R. 42833; Ex. Ord. No. 12518, June 3, 1985, 50 F.R. 23661, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the International Investment and Trade in Services Survey Act (90 Stat. 2059, 22 U.S.C. 3101) [this chapter], and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. All the functions vested in the President by the International Investment and Trade in Services Survey Act (90 Stat. 2059, 22 U.S.C. 3101) [this chapter], hereinafter referred to as the Act, are hereby delegated to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, hereinafter referred to as the Director. The Director may, from time to time, designate other officers or agencies of the Federal Government to perform any or all of the functions hereby delegated to the Director, subject to such instructions, limitations, and directions as the Director deems appropriate.

Sec. 2. Subject to the provisions of section 1 of this order, and in the absence of any contrary delegation or direction by the Director, the Secretary of the Treasury, with respect to portfolio investment, shall perform the functions set forth in sections 4(a)(1), (2), (5) and 4(c) of the Act [22 U.S.C. 3103(a)(1), (2), (5) and (c)].

Sec. 3. Subject to the provisions of section 1 of this order, and in the absence of any contrary delegation or direction by the Director, the Secretary of Commerce, with respect to direct investment and trade in services, shall perform the functions set forth in sections 4(a)(1), (2), (4), (5) and 4(b) of the Act [22 U.S.C. 3103(a)(1), (2), (4), (5) and (b)].

Sec. 4. Subject to the provisions of section 1 of this order, and in the absence of any contrary delegation or direction by the Director, the Secretary of Commerce shall perform the function of making periodic reports to the Committees of the Congress as set forth in Section 4(a)(3) of the Act [22 U.S.C. 3103(a)(3)].
22 U.S.C. § 1359 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 15: THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO TRADE RELATIONS / Section 1359: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Apr. 30, 1946, ch. 244, title V, §510, 60 Stat. 158, related to administration of subchapter I of this chapter. See Codification note for section 1352 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6914 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 77: UNITED STATES-CHINA RELATIONS / Subchapter II: CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA / Section 6914: Votes of the Commission
Votes of the Commission
Status: in_force

Decisions of the Commission, including adoption of reports and recommendations to the executive branch or to the Congress, shall be made by a majority vote of the members of the Commission present and voting. Two-thirds of the Members 1 of the Commission shall constitute a quorum for purposes of conducting business.

(Pub. L. 106–286, div. B, title III, §304, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 899.)

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.
22 U.S.C. § 4504 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 55: RESEARCH AND TRAINING FOR EASTERN EUROPE AND INDEPENDENT STATES OF FORMER SOVIET UNION / Section 4504: Authority to make payments; purposes
Authority to make payments; purposes
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of State, after consultation with the Advisory Committee, shall make payments, in accordance with the provisions of this section, out of funds made available to carry out this chapter.

(b)(1) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall be used to conduct a national research program at the postdoctoral or equivalent level, such program to include—

(A) the dissemination of information about the research program and the solicitation of proposals for research contracts from American institutions of higher education and not-for-profit corporations, such contracts to contain shared-cost provisions; and

(B) the awarding of contracts for such research projects as the respective institution determines will best serve to carry out the purposes of this chapter after reviewing proposals submitted under subparagraph (A).

(2) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall be used—

(A) to establish and carry out a program of graduate, postdoctoral, and teaching fellowships for advanced training in studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union and related studies, such program—

(i) to be coordinated with the research program described in paragraph (1);

(ii) to be conducted, on a shared-cost basis, at American institutions of higher education; and

(iii) to include—

(I) the dissemination of information on the fellowship program and the solicitation of applications for fellowships from qualified institutions of higher education and qualified individuals; and

(II) the awarding of such fellowships as the respective institution determines will best serve to carry out the purposes of this chapter after reviewing applications submitted under subclause (I); and

(B) to disseminate research, data, and findings on studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union and related fields in such a manner and to such extent as the respective institution determines will best serve to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(3) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall be used—

(A) to provide fellowship and research support for American specialists in the independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe and related fields to conduct advanced research with particular emphasis upon the use of data on those states and countries; and

(B) to conduct seminars, conferences, and other similar workshops designed to facilitate research collaboration between Government and private specialists in the independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe and related fields.

(4) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall be used to conduct specialized programs in advanced training and research on a reciprocal basis in the independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe designed to facilitate access for American specialists to research institutes, personnel, archives, documentation, and other research and training resources located in those states and countries.

(5) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall be used to support training in the languages of the independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe. Such payments shall include grants to individuals to pursue such training and to summer language institutes operated by institutions of higher education. Preference shall be given for Russian language studies and, as appropriate, studies of other languages of the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

(6) Payments may be made to carry out other research and training in studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union not otherwise described in this section.

(Pub. L. 98–164, title VIII, §805, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1048; Pub. L. 103–199, title III, §302(6), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2323.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (b)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(6)(A), substituted "studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union" for "Soviet and Eastern European studies".

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(6)(B), (C), substituted "independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe and related fields" for "fields of Soviet and Eastern European studies and related studies" and "those states and countries" for "the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries".

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(6)(B), which directed the substitution of "independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe and related fields" for "fields of Soviet and Eastern European studies and related studies", was executed by making the substitution for "fields of Soviet and East European studies and related studies", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(6)(D), substituted "independent states of the former Soviet Union" for "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" and "those states and countries" for "the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Eastern European countries".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(6)(E), substituted "training in the languages of the independent states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe" for "language training in Russian and Eastern European languages" and inserted before period at end "and, as appropriate, studies of other languages of the independent states of the former Soviet Union".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 103–199, §302(6)(A), substituted "studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union" for "Soviet and Eastern European studies".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

In subsec. (b)(2)–(6), independent states of the former Soviet Union has the meaning given in section 5801 of this title, see section 3 of Pub. L. 103–199, set out as a note under section 5801 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4113 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter X: LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS / Section 4113: Representation rights and duties
Representation rights and duties
Status: in_force

(a) Negotiation of collective bargaining agreements; nondiscriminatory representation

A labor organization which has been accorded exclusive recognition is the exclusive representative of, and is entitled to act for, and negotiate collective bargaining agreements covering, all employees in the unit described in section 4112 of this title. An exclusive representative is responsible for representing the interests of all employees in that unit without discrimination and without regard to labor organization membership.

(b) Places of representation

(1) An exclusive representative shall be given the opportunity to be represented at—

(A) any formal discussion between one or more representatives of the Department and one or more employees in the unit (or their representatives), concerning any grievance (as defined in section 4131 of this title) or any personnel policy or practice or other general condition of employment; and

(B) any examination of an employee by a Department representative in connection with an investigation if—

(i) the employee reasonably believes that the examination may result in disciplinary action against the employee, and

(ii) the employee requests such representation.

(2) The Department shall annually inform employees of their rights under paragraph (1)(B).

(c) Duty to bargain in good faith; determination of techniques assisting negotiation

The Department and the exclusive representative, through appropriate representatives, shall meet and negotiate in good faith for the purposes of arriving at a collective bargaining agreement. In addition, the Department and the exclusive representative may determine appropriate techniques, consistent with the provisions of section 4110 of this title, to assist in any negotiation.

(d) Applicability to other employee rights or remedies

The rights of an exclusive representative under this section shall not preclude an employee from—

(1) being represented by an attorney or other representative of the employee's own choosing, other than the exclusive representative, in any grievance proceeding under subchapter XI; or

(2) exercising grievance or appeal rights established by law, rule, or regulation.

(e) Obligations included in good faith bargaining

The duty of the Department and the exclusive representative to negotiate in good faith shall include the obligation—

(1) to approach the negotiations with a sincere resolve to reach a collective bargaining agreement;

(2) to be represented at the negotiations by duly authorized representatives prepared to discuss and negotiate on any condition of employment;

(3) to meet at reasonable times and convenient places as frequently as may be necessary and to avoid unnecessary delays;

(4) for the Department to furnish to the exclusive representative, or its authorized representative, upon request and to the extent not prohibited by law, data—

(A) which is normally maintained by the Department in the regular course of business;

(B) which is reasonably available and necessary for full and proper discussion, understanding, and negotiation of subjects within the scope of collective bargaining; and

(C) which does not constitute guidance, advice, counsel, or training provided for management officials or confidential employees, relating to collective bargaining;

(5) to negotiate jointly with respect to conditions of employment applicable to employees in more than one of the agencies authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, as determined by the heads of such agencies; and

(6) if agreement is reached, to execute, upon the request of any party to the negotiation, a written document embodying the agreed terms, and to take the steps necessary to implement the agreement.

(f) Approval of agreement by Secretary; effective date; binding effect

(1) An agreement between the Department and the exclusive representative shall be subject to approval by the Secretary.

(2) The Secretary shall approve the agreement within 30 days after the date of the agreement unless the Secretary finds in writing that the agreement is contrary to applicable law, rule, or regulation.

(3) Unless the Secretary disapproves the agreement by making a finding under paragraph (2), the agreement shall take effect after 30 days from its execution and shall be binding on the Department and the exclusive representative subject to all applicable laws, orders, and regulations.

(g) Consultation by Department with exclusive representative

The Department shall consult with the exclusive representative with respect to Government-wide or multiagency matters affecting the rights, benefits, or obligations of individuals employed in agencies not authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system. The exclusive representative shall be informed of any change proposed by the Department with respect to such matters, and shall be permitted reasonable time to present its views and recommendations regarding such change. The Department shall consider the views and recommendations of the exclusive representative before taking final action on any such change, and shall provide the exclusive representative a written statement of the reasons for taking the final action.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1013, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2135.)
22 U.S.C. § 8122 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 88: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY-UNITED STATES ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION / Subchapter II: COMPLEMENTARY ACCESS / Section 8122: Procedures for complementary access
Procedures for complementary access
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Each instance of complementary access to a location in the United States under the Additional Protocol shall be conducted in accordance with this subchapter.

(b) Notice

(1) In general

Complementary access referred to in subsection (a) may occur only upon the issuance of an actual written notice by the United States Government to the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the location to be subject to complementary access.

(2) Time of notification

The notice under paragraph (1) shall be submitted to such owner, operator, occupant, or agent as soon as possible after the United States Government has received notification that the IAEA seeks complementary access. Notices may be posted prominently at the location if the United States Government is unable to provide actual written notice to such owner, operator, occupant, or agent.

(3) Content of notice

(A) 1 In general

The notice required by paragraph (1) shall specify—

(i) the purpose for the complementary access;

(ii) the basis for the selection of the facility, site, or other location for the complementary access sought;

(iii) the activities that will be carried out during the complementary access;

(iv) the time and date that the complementary access is expected to begin, and the anticipated period covered by the complementary access; and

(v) the names and titles of the inspectors.

(4) Separate notices required

A separate notice shall be provided each time that complementary access is sought by the IAEA.

(c) Credentials

The complementary access team of the IAEA and representatives or designees of the United States Government shall display appropriate identifying credentials to the owner, operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the location before gaining entry in connection with complementary access.

(d) Scope

(1) In general

Except as provided in a warrant issued under section 8123 of this title, and subject to the rights of the United States Government under the Additional Protocol to limit complementary access, complementary access to a location pursuant to this chapter may extend to all activities specifically permitted for such locations under Article 6 of the Additional Protocol.

(2) Exception

Unless required by the Additional Protocol, no inspection under this chapter shall extend to—

(A) financial data (other than production data);

(B) sales and marketing data (other than shipment data);

(C) pricing data;

(D) personnel data;

(E) patent data;

(F) data maintained for compliance with environmental or occupational health and safety regulations; or

(G) research data.

(e) Environment, health, safety, and security

In carrying out their activities, members of the IAEA complementary access team and representatives or designees of the United States Government shall observe applicable environmental, health, safety, and security regulations established at the location subject to complementary access, including those for protection of controlled environments within a facility and for personal safety.

(Pub. L. 109–401, title II, §222, Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat. 2744.)

1 So in original. No subpar. (B) has been enacted.
22 U.S.C. § 2394a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2394a: Extortion and illegal payments to officials of foreign countries receiving international security assistance
Extortion and illegal payments to officials of foreign countries receiving international security assistance
Status: in_force

Within 60 days after receiving information which substantiates that officials of a foreign country receiving international security assistance have (1) received illegal or otherwise improper payments from a United States corporation in return for a contract to purchase defense articles or services from such corporation, or (2) extorted, or attempted to extort, money or other things of value in return for actions by officials of that country that permit a United States citizen or corporation to conduct business in that country, the President shall submit to Congress a report outlining the circumstances of such payment or extortion. The report shall contain a recommendation from the President as to whether the United States should continue a security assistance program for that country.

(Pub. L. 94–329, title VI, §607, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 768.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which comprises this chapter.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 1991 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 27: INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL EXCHANGE AND TRADE FAIR PARTICIPATION / Section 1991: Repealed. Pub. L. 87-256, §111(a)(3), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538
Repealed. Pub. L. 87-256, §111(a)(3), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538
Status: repealed

Sections, act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 811, §§2–12, 70 Stat. 778–780, related to international cultural exchange and trade fair participation. See section 2451 et seq. of this title.

Section 1991 stated purpose of chapter.

Section 1992 prescribed authority of President, and appointment and compensation of Commissioner General and principal representatives.

Section 1993 encouraged private participation and contributions of funds, property, and services.

Section 1994 authorized appropriations.

Section 1995 permitted utilization of other laws in carrying out chapter.

Section 1996 authorized expenditures for acquisition of exhibits.

Section 1997 related to performance of functions without regard to other laws.

Section 1998 required reports to Congress.

Section 1999 created Advisory Committee on Arts; prescribed qualifications, duties, terms of office and compensation of members; and provided for staff and secretarial services.

Section 2000 authorized creation of interagency committees.

Section 2001 prescribed extent of cultural program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Continuation of Certain Executive Orders, Agreements, Determination, Regulations, Contracts, Appointments, and Other Actions

Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out as section 2451 et seq. of this title, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded; or taken under authority of these sections, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87–256, set out as a note under section 2451 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6304 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 72: NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION PREVENTION / Subchapter I: SANCTIONS FOR NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION / Section 6304: Reporting on demarches
Reporting on demarches
Status: in_force

(1) It is the sense of the Congress that the Department of State should, in the course of implementing its reporting responsibilities under section 3282(c) of this title, include a summary of demarches that the United States has issued or received from foreign governments with respect to activities which are of significance from the proliferation standpoint.

(2) For purposes of this section, the term "demarche" means any official communication by one government to another, by written or oral means, intended by the originating government to express—

(A) a concern over a past, present, or possible future action or activity of the recipient government, or of a person within the jurisdiction of that government, contributing to the global spread of unsafeguarded special nuclear material or of nuclear explosive devices;

(B) a request for the recipient government to counter such action or activity; or

(C) both the concern and request described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(Pub. L. 103–236, title VIII, §828(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 520.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 60 days after Apr. 30, 1994, see section 831 of Pub. L. 103–236, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4028a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VII: CAREER DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING, AND ORIENTATION / Section 4028a: Per diem allowance for newly hired members of the Foreign Service
Per diem allowance for newly hired members of the Foreign Service
Status: in_force

(a) Per diem allowance

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), any newly hired Foreign Service employee who is in initial orientation training, or any other training expected to last less than 6 months in the Washington, D.C. area before transferring to the employee's first assignment overseas or domestically outside the Washington, D.C. area shall, for the duration of such training, receive a per diem allowance at the levels prescribed under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5.

(2) Limitation on lodging expenses

A newly hired Foreign Service employee may not receive any lodging expenses under the applicable per diem allowance pursuant to paragraph (1) if that employee—

(A) has a permanent residence in the Washington, D.C., area (not including government-supplied housing during such orientation training or other training); and

(B) does not vacate such residence during such orientation training or other training.

(b) Definitions

In this section—

(1) the term "per diem allowance" has the meaning given such term in section 5701 of title 5; and

(2) the term "Washington, D.C., area" means the geographic area within a 50-mile radius of the Washington Monument.

(Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXI, §7109, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2525.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of State Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, and also as part of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, and not as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 286nn (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XV: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 286nn: Approval of contributions for debt reductions for the poorest countries
Approval of contributions for debt reductions for the poorest countries
Status: in_force

For the purpose of mobilizing the resources of the Fund in order to help reduce poverty and improve the lives of residents of poor countries and, in particular, to allow those poor countries with unsustainable debt burdens to receive deeper, broader, and faster debt relief, without allowing gold to reach the open market or otherwise adversely affecting the market price of gold, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to instruct the United States Executive Director of the Fund to vote—

(1) to approve an arrangement whereby the Fund—

(A) sells a quantity of its gold at prevailing market prices to a member or members in nonpublic transactions sufficient to generate 2.226 billion Special Drawing Rights in profits on such sales;

(B) immediately after, and in conjunction with each such sale, accepts payment by such member or members of such gold to satisfy existing repurchase obligations of such member or members so that the Fund retains ownership of the gold at the conclusion of such payment; and

(C) uses the earnings on the investment of the profits of such sales through a separate subaccount, only for the purpose of providing debt relief from the Fund under the modified Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative (as defined in section 262p–6 of this title); and

(2) to support a decision that shall terminate the Special Contingency Account 2 (SCA–2) of the Fund so that the funds in the SCA–2 shall be made available to the poorest countries. Any funds attributable to the United States participation in SCA–2 shall be used only for debt relief from the Fund under the modified HIPC Initiative.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 339, §62, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title V, §503(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–316; amended Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title VIII, §801(a)], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–64.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2000—Par. (1)(B), (D). Pub. L. 106–429 inserted "and" at end of subpar. (B) and struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: "shall not use more than 9/14 of the earnings on the investment of the profits of such sales; and".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Certification to Congress Relating To Use of Profits To Augment International Monetary Fund

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title V, §503(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–316, provided that: "Within 15 days after the United States Executive Director casts the votes necessary to carry out the instruction described in section 62 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act [22 U.S.C. 286nn], the Secretary of the Treasury shall certify to the Congress that neither the profits nor the earnings on the investment of profits from the gold sales made pursuant to the instruction or of the funds attributable to United States participation in SCA–2 will be used to augment the resources of any reserve account of the International Monetary Fund for the purpose of making loans."
22 U.S.C. § 2715b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2715b: Notification of next of kin; reports of death
Notification of next of kin; reports of death
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Whenever a United States citizen or national dies abroad, a consular officer shall endeavor to notify, or assist the Secretary of State in notifying, the next of kin or legal guardian as soon as possible, except that, in the case of death of any Peace Corps volunteer (within the meaning of section 2504(a) of this title), any member of the Armed Forces, any dependent of such a volunteer or member, or any Department of Defense employee, the consular officer shall assist the Peace Corps or the appropriate military authorities, as the case may be, in making such notifications.

(b) Reports of death or presumptive death

The consular officer may, for any United States citizen who dies abroad—

(1) in the case of a finding of death by the appropriate local authorities, issue a report of death or of presumptive death; or

(2) in the absence of a finding of death by the appropriate local authorities, issue a report of presumptive death.

(c) Implementing regulations

The Secretary of State shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §43A, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §234(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–426.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §234(c)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–429, provided that: "The repeal and amendment made by this section [enacting this section and section 2715c of this title and repealing section 4195 of this title] shall take effect six months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999]."

Administrative Assistance in Arrangements Following Death of United States Citizen Abroad

Pub. L. 95–426, title I, §121, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 970, as amended by Pub. L. 97–241, title V, §505(a)(2), (b)(1), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 299, provided that: "The Congress finds that the Department of State should, in the performance of its consular duties, render all reasonable administrative assistance to a United States citizen who is making necessary arrangements following the death of another United States citizen abroad."
22 U.S.C. § 2712 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2712: Authority to control certain terrorism-related services
Authority to control certain terrorism-related services
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

The Secretary of State may, by regulation, impose controls on the provision of the services described in subsection (b) if the Secretary determines that provision of such services would aid and abet international terrorism.

(b) Services subject to control

The services subject to control under subsection (a) are the following:

(1) Serving in or with the security forces of a designated foreign government.

(2) Providing training or other technical services having a direct military, law enforcement, or intelligence application, to or for the security forces of a designated foreign government.

Any regulations issued to impose controls on services described in paragraph (2) shall list the specific types of training and other services subject to the controls.

(c) Persons subject of controls

These services may be controlled under subsection (a) when they are provided within the United States by any individual or entity and when they are provided anywhere in the world by a United States person.

(d) Licenses

In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary of State may require licenses, which may be revoked, suspended, or amended, without prior notice, whenever such action is deemed to be advisable.

(e) Definitions

(1) Designated foreign government

As used in this section, the term "designated foreign government" means a foreign government that the Secretary of State has determined, for purposes of section 4605(j)(1) 1 of title 50, has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.

(2) Security forces

As used in this section, the term "security forces" means any military or paramilitary forces, any police or other law enforcement agency (including any police or other law enforcement agency at the regional or local level), and any intelligence agency of a foreign government.

(3) United States

As used in this section, the term "United States" includes any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States.

(4) United States person

As used in this section, the term "United States person" means any United States national, any permanent resident alien, and any sole proprietorship, partnership, company, association, or corporation organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business within the United States.

(f) Violations

(1) Penalties

Whoever willfully violates any regulation issued under this section shall be fined not more than $100,000 or five times the total compensation received for the conduct which constitutes the violation, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both, for each such offense.

(2) Investigations

The Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury shall have authority to investigate violations of regulations issued under this section.

(g) Congressional oversight

(1) Review of regulations

Not less than 30 days before issuing any regulations under this section (including any amendments thereto), the Secretary of State shall transmit the proposed regulations to the Congress.

(2) Reports

Not less than once every six months, the Secretary of State shall report to the Congress concerning the number and character of licenses granted and denied during the previous reporting period, and such other information as the Secretary may find to be relevant to the accomplishment of the objectives of this section.

(h) Relationship to other laws

The authority granted by this section is in addition to the authorities granted by any other provision of law.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §40, as added Pub. L. 99–399, title V, §506(2), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 871.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4605(j)(1) of title 50, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 40 of act Aug. 1, 1956, was renumbered section 41 by section 506(1) of Pub. L. 99–399, and subsequently renumbered, and set out as a Short Title of 1956 Amendment note under section 2651 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §111(1), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 654.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 3861 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter III: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 3861: Procurement system
Procurement system
Status: in_force

(a) Panama Canal Acquisition Regulation

(1) The Commission shall establish by regulation a comprehensive procurement system. The regulation shall be known as the "Panama Canal Acquisition Regulation" (in this section referred to as the "Regulation") and shall provide for the procurement of goods and services by the Commission in a manner that—

(A) applies the fundamental operating principles and procedures in the Federal Acquisition Regulation;

(B) uses efficient commercial standards of practice; and

(C) is suitable for adoption and uninterrupted use by the Republic of Panama after the Canal Transfer Date.

(2) The Regulation shall contain provisions regarding the establishment of the Panama Canal Board of Contract Appeals described in section 3862 of this title.

(b) Supplement to Regulation

The Commission shall develop a Supplement to the Regulation (in this section referred to as the "Supplement") that identifies both the provisions of Federal law applicable to procurement of goods and services by the Commission and the provisions of Federal law waived by the Commission under subsection (c).

(c) Waiver authority

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Commission shall determine which provisions of Federal law should not apply to procurement by the Commission and may waive those laws for purposes of the Regulation and Supplement.

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the Commission may not waive—

(A) chapter 21 of title 41;

(B) chapter 71 of title 41, other than section 7104(b) of title 41; or

(C) civil rights, environmental, or labor laws.

(d) Consultation with Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy

In establishing the Regulation and developing the Supplement, the Commission shall consult with the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy.

(e) Effective date

The Regulation and the Supplement shall take effect on the date of publication in the Federal Register, or January 1, 1999, whichever is earlier.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3101, as added Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3541, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2070.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (c)(2)(A), "chapter 21 of title 41" substituted for "section 27 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 423)" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (c)(2)(B), "chapter 71 of title 41, other than section 7104(b) of title 41" substituted for "the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), other than section 10(a) of such Act (41 U.S.C. 609(a))" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3861, Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3101, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 496, related to disinterment, transportation, and reinterment of remains, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3546(a)(5), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868.
22 U.S.C. § 2151y (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2151y: Accelerated loan repayments; annual review of countries with bilateral concessional loan balances; priority of determinations respecting negotiations with countries having balances; criteria for determinations
Accelerated loan repayments; annual review of countries with bilateral concessional loan balances; priority of determinations respecting negotiations with countries having balances; criteria for determinations
Status: in_force

The Administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter shall conduct an annual review of bilateral concessional loan balances and shall determine and identify those countries whose financial resources make possible accelerated loan repayments. In particular, European countries that were recipients of concessional loans by predecessor agencies to the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter shall be contacted to negotiate accelerated repayments. The criteria used by the Administrator in making these determinations shall be established in conjunction with the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §127, as added Pub. L. 96–53, title V, §508(a), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 379.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as an Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title.

Negotiating Efforts Concerning Accelerated Loan Repayments To Be Included in Annual Reports on Foreign Assistance for 1980 and 1981

Pub. L. 96–53, title V, §508(b), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 379, which related to loan repayment provisions in reports, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §734(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560.
22 U.S.C. § 4310 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 53: AUTHORITIES RELATING TO THE REGULATION OF FOREIGN MISSIONS / Section 4310: Privileges and immunities
Privileges and immunities
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the authority of the United States to carry out its international obligations, or to supersede or limit immunities otherwise available by law. No act or omission by any foreign mission, public international organization, or official mission to such an organization, in compliance with this chapter shall be deemed to be an implied waiver of any immunity otherwise provided for by law.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title II, §210, as added Pub. L. 97–241, title II, §202(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 290.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 204 of Pub. L. 97–241, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 9422 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 101A: FIGHT AND COMBAT RAMPANT IRANIAN MISSILE EXPORTS / Section 9422: Statement of policy
Statement of policy
Status: in_force

It is the policy of the United States—

(1) to urgently seek the extension of missile-related restrictions set forth in Annex B to United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015);

(2) to use all available authorities to constrain Iran's domestic ballistic missile production capabilities;

(3) to combat and deter the transfer of conventional and non-conventional arms, equipment, material, and technology to, or from Iran, or involving the Government of Iran; and

(4) to ensure countries, individuals, and entities engaged in, or attempting to engage in, the acquisition, facilitation, or development of arms and related components and technology subject to restrictions under Annex B to United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 are held to account under United States and international law, including through the application and enforcement of sanctions and use of export controls, regardless of whether the restrictions under Annex B to United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 remain in effect following their anticipated expiration in October 2023.

(Pub. L. 118–50, div. K, §3, Apr. 24, 2024, 138 Stat. 970.)
22 U.S.C. § 2414 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2414: Presidential findings and determinations
Presidential findings and determinations
Status: in_force

(a) Report to Congress

In any case in which the President is required to make a report to the Congress, or to any committee or officer of either House of Congress, concerning any finding or determination under any provision of this chapter, the Foreign Military Sales Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], or the Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriation Act for each fiscal year, that finding or determination shall be reduced to writing and signed by the President.

(b) Action prohibition prior to execution of report

No action shall be taken pursuant to any such finding or determination prior to the date on which that finding or determination has been reduced to writing and signed by the President.

(c) Publication in Federal Register

Each such finding or determination shall be published in the Federal Register as soon as practicable after it has been reduced to writing and signed by the President. In any case in which the President concludes that such publication would be harmful to the national security of the United States, only a statement that a determination or finding has been made by the President, including the name and section of the Act under which it was made, shall be published.

(d) Information accessible to Congress prior to transmission of report

No committee or officer of either House of Congress shall be denied any requested information relating to any finding or determination which the President is required to report to the Congress, or to any committee or officer of either House of Congress, under any provision of this chapter, the Foreign Military Sales Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.], or the Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriation Act for each fiscal year, even though such report has not yet been transmitted to the appropriate committee or officer of either House of Congress.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §654, as added Pub. L. 92–226, pt. III, §304(b), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 29.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Military Sales Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 1, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, known as the Arms Export Control Act, on authority of section 201(b) of Pub. L. 94–329, title II, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 734, and is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.