7 U.S.C. § 2901 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 62: BEEF RESEARCH AND INFORMATION / Section 2901: Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Congress finds that—

(1) beef and beef products are basic foods that are a valuable part of human diet;

(2) the production of beef and beef products plays a significant role in the Nation's economy, beef and beef products are produced by thousands of beef producers and processed by numerous processing entities, and beef and beef products are consumed by millions of people throughout the United States and foreign countries;

(3) beef and beef products should be readily available and marketed efficiently to ensure that the people of the United States receive adequate nourishment;

(4) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets for beef and beef products are vital to the welfare of beef producers and those concerned with marketing, using, and producing beef products, as well as to the general economy of the Nation;

(5) there exist established State and national organizations conducting beef promotion, research, and consumer education programs that are invaluable to the efforts of promoting the consumption of beef and beef products; and

(6) beef and beef products move in interstate and foreign commerce, and beef and beef products that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce of beef and beef products.

(b) It, therefore, is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided herein, of an orderly procedure for financing (through assessments on all cattle sold in the United States and on cattle, beef, and beef products imported into the United States) and carrying out a coordinated program of promotion and research designed to strengthen the beef industry's position in the marketplace and to maintain and expand domestic and foreign markets and uses for beef and beef products. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the right of individual producers to raise cattle.

(Pub. L. 94–294, §2, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1601(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1597.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1601(c), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1606, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 2902 to 2911 of this title, omitting sections 2912 to 2918 of this title and provisions set out as a note under this section, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1986."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 94–294, §21, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 538, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect upon enactment [May 28, 1976]".

Short Title of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1601(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1597, provided that: "This section [amending this section and sections 2902 to 2911 of this title, omitting sections 2912 to 2918 of this title and provisions set out as a note under this section, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Beef Promotion and Research Act of 1985'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 94–294, §1, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 529, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter and provisions set out as notes under this section] shall be known as the 'Beef Research and Information Act'."

Separability

Pub. L. 94–294, §19, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 537, which provided that if any provision of this Act [enacting this chapter and provisions set out as notes under this section] or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act and of the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby, was omitted in the general revision of sections 2 through 20 of Pub. L. 94–294 by Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1601(b), Dec. 28, 1985, 99 Stat. 1597.
7 U.S.C. § 198b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter II: PACKERS GENERALLY / Section 198b: Report on the Secretary's jurisdiction, power, duties, and authorities
Report on the Secretary's jurisdiction, power, duties, and authorities
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of packer

In this section, the term "packer" has the meaning given the term in section 191 of this title.

(b) Report

Not later than 90 days after October 22, 1999, the Comptroller General of the United States shall provide to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the jurisdiction, powers, duties, and authorities of the Secretary that relate to packers and other persons involved in procuring, slaughtering, or processing swine, pork, or pork products that are covered by this Act and other laws, including—

(1) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), especially sections 6, 8, 9, and 10 of that Act (15 U.S.C. 46, 48, 49, and 50); and

(2) the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.).

(c) Contents

The Comptroller General shall include in the report an analysis of—

(1) burdens on and obstructions to commerce in swine, pork, and pork products by packers, and other persons that enter into arrangements with the packers, that are contrary to, or do not protect, the public interest;

(2) noncompetitive pricing arrangements between or among packers, or other persons involved in the processing, distribution, or sale of pork and pork products, including arrangements provided for in contracts for the purchase of swine;

(3) the effective monitoring of contracts entered into between packers and swine producers;

(4) investigations that relate to, and affect, the disclosure of—

(A) transactions involved in the business conduct and practices of packers; and

(B) the pricing of swine paid to producers by packers and the pricing of products in the pork and pork product merchandising chain;

(5) the adequacy of the authority of the Secretary to prevent a packer from unjustly or arbitrarily refusing to offer a producer, or disqualifying a producer from eligibility for, a particular contract or type of contract for the purchase of swine; and

(6) the ability of the Secretary to cooperate with and enhance the enforcement of actions initiated by other Federal departments and agencies, or Federal independent agencies, to protect trade and commerce in the pork and pork product industries against unlawful restraints and monopolies.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title II, §223, as added Pub. L. 106–78, title IX, §934(2), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1209.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section by section 942 of Pub. L. 106–78, see Livestock Mandatory Reporting note set out under section 1635 of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Trade Commission Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, 38 Stat. 717, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§41 et seq.) of chapter 2 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 58 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is title II of act Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, 60 Stat. 1087, which is classified generally to chapter 38 (§1621 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1621 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination Date

Section to terminate Mar. 14, 2025, see section 942 of Pub. L. 106–78, set out in a Livestock Mandatory Reporting note under section 1635 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 450f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 450f: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 450f was editorially reclassified as section 2204–4 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5624 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter II: AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS / Section 5624: Barter of agricultural commodities
Barter of agricultural commodities
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation may provide eligible commodities in barter for foreign products under such terms and conditions as the Secretary or the Corporation shall prescribe.

(b) Eligible commodities

Unless otherwise specified, eligible commodities shall include—

(1) agricultural commodities acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation through price support operations; and

(2) agricultural commodities acquired by the Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation in the normal course of business and available for disposition.

(c) Barter by exporters of agricultural commodities

(1) Purpose

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation shall encourage exporters of agricultural commodities to barter such commodities for foreign products—

(A) to acquire such foreign products needed by such exporters; and

(B) to develop, maintain, or expand foreign markets for United States agricultural exports.

(2) Eligible activities

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation may provide eligible commodities to exporters to assist such exporters in barter transactions.

(3) Technical assistance

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation shall provide technical advice and assistance relating to the barter of agricultural commodities to any United States exporter who requests such advice or assistance.

(d) Transfer of foreign products to other Government agencies

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation may transfer any foreign products that the Secretary or such Corporation obtains through barter activities to other Government agencies if the Corporation receives assurances that it will receive full reimbursement from the agency within the same fiscal year in which such transfer occurs.

(e) Corporation authority not limited

Nothing contained in this section shall limit the authority of the Commodity Credit Corporation to acquire, hold, or dispose of such foreign materials as such Corporation determines appropriate in carrying out the functions and protecting the assets of the Corporation.

(f) Prohibited activities

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation shall take reasonable precautions to prevent the misuse of eligible commodities in a barter or exchange program, including activities that—

(1) displace or interfere with commercial sales of United States agricultural commodities that otherwise might be made;

(2) unduly disrupt world prices of agricultural commodities or the normal patterns of commercial trade with recipient countries; or

(3) permit the resale or transshipment of eligible commodities to countries other than the intended recipient country.

(Pub. L. 95–501, title II, §204, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3676; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §320, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1857.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–237 amended heading and substituted "Government" for "government" in text.
7 U.S.C. § 343e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter IV: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK APPROPRIATION / Section 343e: Repealed. Oct. 27, 1949, ch. 768, §3, 63 Stat. 940
Repealed. Oct. 27, 1949, ch. 768, §3, 63 Stat. 940
Status: repealed

Section, act June 20, 1936, ch. 631, §§1, 3, 49 Stat. 1553, 1554, related to extension of benefits of former sections 343a and 343b of this title to Alaska. See notes thereunder.
7 U.S.C. § 5405 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 85: ADMINISTRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS / Section 5405: Agricultural air quality research oversight
Agricultural air quality research oversight
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) various studies have alleged that agriculture is a source of PM–10 emissions;

(2) many of these studies have often been based on erroneous data;

(3) Federal research activities are currently being conducted by the Department of Agriculture to determine the true extent to which agricultural activities contribute to air pollution and to determine cost-effective ways in which the agricultural industry can reduce any pollution that exists; and

(4) any Federal policy recommendations that may be issued by any Federal agency to address air pollution problems related to agriculture or any other industrial activity should be based on sound scientific findings that are subject to adequate peer review and should take into account economic feasibility.

(b) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to encourage the Secretary of Agriculture to continue to strengthen vital research efforts related to agricultural air quality.

(c) Oversight coordination

(1) Intergovernmental cooperation

The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable with respect to the Department of Agriculture and other Federal departments and agencies, ensure intergovernmental cooperation in research activities related to agricultural air quality and avoid duplication of the activities.

(2) Correct data

The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the results of any research related to agricultural air quality conducted by Federal agencies not report erroneous data with respect to agricultural air quality.

(d) Task force

(1) Establishment

The Chief of the National Resources Conservation Service shall establish a task force to address agricultural air quality issues.

(2) Composition

The task force shall be comprised of employees of the Department of Agriculture, industry representatives, and other experts in the fields of agriculture and air quality.

(3) Duties

The task force shall advise the Secretary with respect to the role of the Secretary for providing oversight and coordination related to agricultural air quality.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title III, §391, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1025.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, and not as part of subtitle F (§1471 et seq.) of title XIV of Pub. L. 101–624 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 2618 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 58: POTATO RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2618: Permissive terms and conditions of plans
Permissive terms and conditions of plans
Status: in_force

Any plan issued pursuant to this chapter may contain one or more of the following terms and conditions:

(a) Exemptions

Providing authority to exempt from the provisions of the plan potatoes used for nonfood uses, and authority for the board to require satisfactory safeguards against improper use of such exemptions.

(b) Handler payment and reporting schedules

Providing for authority to designate different handler payment and reporting schedules to recognize differences in marketing practices and procedures utilized in different production areas.

(c) Advertisement and sales promotion programs or projects

Providing for the establishment, issuance, effectuation, and administration of appropriate programs or projects for the advertising and sales promotion of potatoes and potato products and for the disbursement of necessary funds for such purposes: Provided, however, That any such program or project shall be directed toward increasing the general demand for potatoes and potato products: And provided further, That such promotional activities shall comply with the provisions of section 2617(f) of this title.

(d) Research and development projects and studies for marketing and utilization of potatoes

Providing for establishing and carrying on research and development projects and studies to the end that the marketing and utilization of potatoes may be encouraged, expanded, improved, or made more efficient, and for the disbursement of necessary funds for such purposes.

(e) Reserve funds; accumulation; limitation

Providing for authority to accumulate reserve funds from assessments collected pursuant to this chapter, to permit an effective and continuous coordinated program of research, development, advertising, and promotion in years when the production and assessment income may be reduced: Provided, That the total reserve fund does not exceed the amount budgeted for two years' operation.

(f) Foreign markets; sales development and expansion

Providing for authority to use funds collected herein, with the approval of the Secretary, for the development and expansion of potato and potato product sales in foreign markets.

(g) Assessment; refund

Providing that any potato producer or importer against whose potatoes any assessment is made and collected under authority of this chapter and who is not in favor of supporting the research and promotion program as provided for under this chapter shall have the right to demand and receive from the board a refund of such assessment. Such demand shall be made personally by such producer or importer in accordance with regulations and on a form and within a time period prescribed by the board and approved by the Secretary, but in no event less than 90 days, and upon submission of proof satisfactory to the board that the producer or importer paid the assessment for which refund is sought, and any such refund shall be made within 60 days after demand therefor.

(h) Assessment authority

Providing for authority to assess imports of tablestock, frozen, or processed potatoes for ultimate consumption by humans and seed potatoes into the United States.

(i) Incidental and necessary terms and conditions

Terms and conditions incidental to and not inconsistent with the terms and conditions specified in this chapter and necessary to effectuate the other provisions of such plan.

(Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §309, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2044; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1941, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3867.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 101–624 added subsecs. (g) and (h) and redesignated former subsec. (g) as (i).
7 U.S.C. § 51b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 2: COTTON STANDARDS / Section 51b: Licensing samplers; revocation and suspension of license
Licensing samplers; revocation and suspension of license
Status: in_force

Further to carry out the purposes of this chapter the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to issue to any qualified person, upon presentation of satisfactory evidence of competency, a license to sample cotton. Any such license may be suspended or revoked by the Secretary of Agriculture whenever he is satisfied that such licensee is incompetent or has knowingly or carelessly sampled cotton improperly, or has violated any provision of this chapter or the regulations thereunder so far as the same may relate to him, or has used his license, or allowed it to be used, for any improper purpose. The Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe by regulation the conditions under which licenses may be issued hereunder, and may require any licensed sampler to give bond for the faithful performance of his duties and for the protection of persons affected thereby and may prescribe the conditions under which cotton shall be sampled by licensed samplers for the purpose of classification by officers of the Department of Agriculture, or by licensed cotton classifiers.

(Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 284, §2, 47 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was not enacted as part of the United States Cotton Standards Act which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 2231 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2231: Official expenses of employees stationed abroad
Official expenses of employees stationed abroad
Status: in_force

Employees of the Department of Agriculture stationed abroad may, with the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, enter into leases for official quarters, for periods not exceeding one year, and may pay rent, telephone, subscriptions to publications, and other charges incident to the conduct of their offices and the discharge of their duties, in advance, in any foreign country where custom or practice requires payment in advance.

(Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title VII, §705(c), 58 Stat. 742.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944.

Section was formerly classified to section 543b of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following Department of Agriculture Appropriation Acts:

June 28, 1944, ch. 296, 58 Stat. 426.

July 12, 1943, ch. 215, 57 Stat. 393.

July 22, 1942, ch. 516, 56 Stat. 665.

July 1, 1941, ch. 267, 55 Stat. 409.

June 25, 1940, ch. 421, 54 Stat. 532.

June 30, 1939, ch. 253, title I, 53 Stat. 940.

June 16, 1938, ch. 464, title I, 52 Stat. 711.

June 29, 1937, ch. 404, 50 Stat. 395.
7 U.S.C. § 2325 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION OFFICE / Section 2325: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-574, §2, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3350
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-574, §2, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3350
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 91–577, title I, §5, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1542, required employees designated by Secretary to give bond before entering upon their duties.
7 U.S.C. § 1131 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 34: SUGAR PRODUCTION AND CONTROL / Subchapter III: CONDITIONAL-PAYMENT PROVISIONS / Section 1131: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 1131, acts Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §301, 61 Stat. 929; May 29, 1956, ch. 342, §13, 70 Stat. 220; July 13, 1962, Pub. L. 87–535, §13(a), 76 Stat. 163, related to conditions of production and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1131, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §301, 50 Stat. 909; June 25, 1940, ch. 423, 54 Stat. 571; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 638, §2, 55 Stat. 872, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1132, acts Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §302, 61 Stat. 930; May 29, 1956, ch. 342, §14, 70 Stat. 220; July 13, 1962, Pub. L. 87–535, §13(b), (c), 76 Stat. 163; Nov. 8, 1965, Pub. L. 89–331, §11, 79 Stat. 1278; Oct. 14, 1971, Pub. L. 92–138, §12, 85 Stat. 386, related to quantity of sugar and time for payments and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1132, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §302, 50 Stat. 910, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1133, acts Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §303, 61 Stat. 930; Oct. 14, 1971, Pub. L. 92–138, §13, 85 Stat. 388, related to acreage abandonment and crop deficiency and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1133, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §303, 50 Stat. 911, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1134, act Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §304, 61 Stat. 931, related to computation of payments and recipients thereof and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1134, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §304, 50 Stat. 911; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 638, §3, 55 Stat. 873, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1135, act Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §305, 61 Stat. 932, related to cooperation with Secretary by certain agencies and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1135, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §305, 50 Stat. 912, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1136, act Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §306, 61 Stat. 932, related to finality of Secretary's determinations and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1136, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §306, 50 Stat. 912, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1137, acts Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, title III, §307, 61 Stat. 932; July 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–592, §4, 74 Stat. 331; Oct. 14, 1971, Pub. L. 92–138, §14, 85 Stat. 388, related to territorial application of former subchapter III and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section 1137, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title III, §307, 50 Stat. 912; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 638, §4(a), 55 Stat. 873, relating to similar subject matter, expired on Dec. 31, 1947.
7 U.S.C. § 421a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 421a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act July 3, 1926, ch. 769, §2, 44 Stat. 840, appropriated $25,000 to effectuate the purposes of former section 421 of this title, and was omitted from the Code as obsolete.
7 U.S.C. § 211 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 211: Order of Secretary as to charges or practices; prescribing rates and practices generally
Order of Secretary as to charges or practices; prescribing rates and practices generally
Status: in_force

Whenever after full hearing upon a complaint made as provided in section 210 of this title, or after full hearing under an order for investigation and hearing made by the Secretary on his own initiative, either in extension of any pending complaint or without any complaint whatever, the Secretary is of the opinion that any rate, charge, regulation, or practice of a stockyard owner or market agency, for or in connection with the furnishing of stockyard services, is or will be violative of section 205, 206, or 208 of this title, the Secretary—

(a) May in accordance with the standard set forth in section 206 of this title determine and prescribe what will be the rate or charge, or rates or charges, to be thereafter in such case observed as the maximum or minimum or both to be charged, and what regulation or practice is or will be just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory to be thereafter followed: Provided, That the Secretary shall prescribe the rate or charge, or rates or charges, on a percentage or per head basis at the election of the stockyard owner or market agency, or on any other basis elected by the stockyard owner or market agency unless the Secretary finds such other basis to be violative of section 206 of this title; and

(b) May make an order that such owner or operator (1) shall cease and desist from such violation to the extent to which the Secretary finds that it does or will exist; (2) shall not thereafter publish, demand, or collect any rate or charge for the furnishing of stockyard services other than the rate or charge or rates or charges so prescribed; and (3) shall conform to and observe the regulation or practice so prescribed.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §310, 42 Stat. 166; Aug. 10, 1939, ch. 663, 53 Stat. 1351; Pub. L. 95–409, §1(b), Oct. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 886.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1978—Pub. L. 95–409, §1(b)(1), in provision preceding subsec. (a), substituted "violative of section 205, 206 or 208 of this title" for "unjust, unreasonable, or discriminatory".

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–409, §1(b)(2), substituted "May in accordance with the standard set forth in section 206 of this title determine and prescribe what will be the rate" for "May determine and prescribe what will be the just and reasonable rate", and "as the maximum or minimum or both" for "as both the maximum and minimum", and inserted proviso relating to prescription by the Secretary of rates or charges on a percentage or per head basis at the election of the owner or agency or any other basis unless violative of section 206 of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–409, §1(b)(3), substituted "other than the rate or charge or rates or charges" for "more or less than the rate or charge".

1939—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 10, 1939, substituted "as both" for "or the".

Subsec. (b)(2). Act Aug. 10, 1939, substituted "more or less than the rate or charge so prescribed" for "other than the rate or charge so prescribed, or in excess of the maximum or less than the minimum so prescribed, as the case may be".
7 U.S.C. § 2009m (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter V: RURAL COMMUNITY ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM / Section 2009m: Electronic transfer
Electronic transfer
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall transfer funds in accordance with this subchapter through electronic transfer as soon as practicable after April 4, 1996.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §381N, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §761, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1147.)
7 U.S.C. § 2107 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 53: COTTON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2107: Referenda
Referenda
Status: in_force

(a) Referendum and cotton producer approval of orders

The Secretary shall conduct a referendum among persons who, during a representative period determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the production of cotton for the purpose of ascertaining whether the issuance of an order is approved or favored by producers. No order issued pursuant to this chapter shall be effective unless the Secretary determines that the issuance of such order is approved or favored by not less than two-thirds of the producers voting in such referendum, or by the producers of not less than two-thirds of the cotton produced during the representative period by producers voting in such referendum and by not less than a majority of the producers voting in such referendum.

(b) Referendum on proposed amendment to order implementing provisions of 1990 amendments to this chapter

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 2103 and 2104 of this title, not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of the Cotton Research and Promotion Act Amendments of 1990 [November 28, 1990], and after notice and opportunity for public comment, the Secretary shall issue a proposed amendment to the order implementing the provisions of such Act, which shall become effective as provided in paragraph (2).

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), the Secretary shall, within a period not to exceed 8 months after November 28, 1990, conduct a referendum among persons who have been cotton producers during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, and persons who are importers of cotton and who, during a 12-month period ending not later than 90 days prior to the conduct of the referendum under this section imported a quantity of cotton in excess of the de minimis quantity (if any) established by the Secretary under section 2116(c)(2) of this title, for the purpose of ascertaining if a majority of those voting approve the proposed amendment to the order issued by the Secretary under paragraph (1). The Secretary shall announce the results of the referendum within 30 days after the date of such referendum. If the amendment is approved in the referendum, within a period not to exceed 90 days from the date of announcement of the results of such referendum, the Secretary shall publish the amendment to the order and regulations implementing the amendment provided for in this subsection.

(c) Future referendums every five years or by request of cotton producers and importers

(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 2103 and 2104 of this title, once every five years after the date of the referendum provided for under subsection (b), the Secretary shall conduct a review to ascertain whether a referendum is needed to determine whether producers and importers favor continuation of the amendment to the order provided for in the Cotton Research and Promotion Act Amendments of 1990 if such amendment is then in effect or, if such an amendment is not in effect, whether they favor approval of such amendment. The Secretary shall make a public announcement of the results of the review within 60 days after each fifth anniversary date of the referendum provided for under subsection (b). If the Secretary determines to provide for such a referendum, the Secretary shall conduct the referendum within 12 months after a public announcement of the determination to conduct the referendum.

(2) If the Secretary does not provide for such a referendum on the Secretary's own initiative, the Secretary shall conduct such a referendum upon the request of 10 percent or more of the number of cotton producers and importers voting in the most recent referendum, except that, in counting such requests for a referendum, not more than 20 percent of such requests may be from producers from any one State or importers of cotton. Producers and importers may sign up to request such a referendum at the county office of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, or county extension agent, or by mailing such a request to the Secretary, as prescribed in regulations. The sign-up period shall be for a period not to exceed 90 days, shall commence 60 days after the Secretary makes a public announcement of a determination not to provide for a referendum on the Secretary's own initiative, and shall be publicized by the Secretary and the Cotton Board immediately after such public announcement. The referendum shall be held within 12 months after the end of the sign-up period, if requested by the requisite number of persons.

(3) The amendment to the order provided for in this subsection shall not be effective if it is disapproved by a majority of cotton producers and importers of cotton voting in the referendum.

(Pub. L. 89–502, §8, July 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1993, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3911; Pub. L. 102–237, title VIII, §808(a)(2), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1883.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Cotton Research and Promotion Act Amendments of 1990, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1) and (c)(1), is subtitle G [§§1990–1998] of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3909, which amended sections 2101, 2106 to 2110, and 2116 of this title and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 2101 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 2101 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 made technical amendment to reference to section 2116(c)(2) of this title to correct error in corresponding reference in original act.

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).
7 U.S.C. § 931a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 931a: Level of loan programs under Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund
Level of loan programs under Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund
Status: in_force

On and after October 28, 1991, no funds in this Act or any other Act shall be available to carry out loan programs under the Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund at levels other than those provided for in advance in appropriations Acts.

(Pub. L. 102–142, title III, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 903.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1992, and not as part of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 364 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 364: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 675
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 675
Status: repealed

Section, act Mar. 2, 1889, ch. 373, 25 Stat. 840, required all agricultural experiment stations to devote a portion of their work to the examination and classification of the soils of their respective States and Territories.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Existing Rights and Liabilities

Any rights or liabilities existing under this section as unaffected by repeal, see section 2 of act Aug. 11, 1955, set out as a note under former section 361 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3414 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 65: WHEAT AND WHEAT FOODS RESEARCH AND NUTRITION EDUCATION / Section 3414: Other programs relating to wheat or wheat food research or nutrition education
Other programs relating to wheat or wheat food research or nutrition education
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to preempt or interfere with the workings of any other program relating to wheat or wheat foods research or nutrition education organized and operating under the laws of the United States or any State.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVII, §1715, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1040.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 197c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter II: PACKERS GENERALLY / Section 197c: Arbitration
Arbitration
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Any livestock or poultry contract that contains a provision requiring the use of arbitration to resolve any controversy that may arise under the contract shall contain a provision that allows a producer or grower, prior to entering the contract 1 to decline to be bound by the arbitration provision.

(b) Disclosure

Any livestock or poultry contract that contains a provision requiring the use of arbitration shall contain terms that conspicuously disclose the right of the contract producer or grower, prior to entering the contract, to decline the requirement to use arbitration to resolve any controversy that may arise under the livestock or poultry contract.

(c) Dispute resolution

Any contract producer or grower that declines a requirement of arbitration pursuant to subsection (b) has the right,2 to nonetheless seek to resolve any controversy that may arise under the livestock or poultry contract, if, after the controversy arises, both parties consent in writing to use arbitration to settle the controversy.

(d) Application

Subsections (a) 1 (b) and (c) shall apply to any contract entered into, amended, altered, modified, renewed, or extended after the date of the enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008.

(e) Unlawful practice

Any action by or on behalf of a packer, swine contractor, or live poultry dealer that violates this section (including any action that has the intent or effect of limiting the ability of a producer or grower to freely make a choice described in subsection (b)) is an unlawful practice under this chapter.

(f) Regulations

The Secretary shall promulgate regulations to—

(1) carry out this section; and

(2) establish criteria that the Secretary will consider in determining whether the arbitration process provided in a contract provides a meaningful opportunity for the grower or producer to participate fully in the arbitration process.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title II, §210, as added Pub. L. 110–234, title XI, §11005, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1357, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XI, §11005, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2119.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section 11005 of Pub. L. 110–246, which directed amendment of title II of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, by adding sections 208 to 210 at the end, was executed by adding the sections at the end of this part, which is subtitle A of title II of the Act, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original. A comma probably should appear.

2 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 6809 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 97: FRESH CUT FLOWERS AND FRESH CUT GREENS PROMOTION AND INFORMATION / Section 6809: Investigations and power to subpoena
Investigations and power to subpoena
Status: in_force

(a) Investigations

The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration of this chapter, or to determine whether any person has engaged or is engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this chapter or any order or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b) Subpoenas, oaths, and affirmations

(1) Investigations

For the purpose of making an investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, and issue subpoenas to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of the records may be required from any place in the United States.

(2) Administrative hearings

For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 6807(a)(2) or 6808(c)(3) of this title, the presiding officer may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and the production of the records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c) Aid of courts

(1) In general

In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b) to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or proceeding is conducted, or where the person resides or conducts business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued under subsection (b).

(2) Order

The court may issue an order requiring the person referred to in paragraph (1) to comply with a subpoena referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) Failure to obey

Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt of court.

(4) Process

Process in any proceeding under this subsection may be served in the United States judicial district in which the person being proceeded against resides or conducts business or wherever the person may be found.

(Pub. L. 103–190, §10, Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2288.)
7 U.S.C. § 958 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 32: PEANUT STATISTICS / Section 958: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-66, title I, §1011(d), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 709
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-66, title I, §1011(d), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 709
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1558, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3699, directed Secretary of Agriculture to collect information contained on peanut export documentation, including country of origin, and submit reports to Congress annually notwithstanding certain confidentiality provisions.
7 U.S.C. § 7611 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter I: PRIORITIES, SCOPE, REVIEW, AND COORDINATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION / Section 7611: Standards for Federal funding of agricultural research, extension, and education
Standards for Federal funding of agricultural research, extension, and education
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall ensure that agricultural research, extension, or education activities described in subsection (b) address a concern that—

(1) is a priority, as determined under section 7612(a) of this title; and

(2) has national, multistate, or regional significance.

(b) Application

Subsection (a) applies to—

(1) research activities conducted by the Agricultural Research Service; and

(2) research, extension, or education activities administered, on a competitive basis, by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

(Pub. L. 105–185, title I, §101, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 526; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(29), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(29), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2031.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(29), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(29) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3171 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL FOOD AND HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAM / Section 3171: Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that there is increasing evidence of a relationship between diet and many of the leading causes of death in the United States: that improved nutrition is an integral component of preventive health care; that there is a serious need for research on the chronic effects of diet on degenerative diseases and related disorders; that nutrition and health considerations are important to United States agricultural policy; that there is insufficient knowledge concerning precise human nutritional requirements, the interaction of the various nutritional constituents of food, and differences in nutritional requirements among different population groups such as infants, children, adolescents, elderly men and women, and pregnant women; and that there is a critical need for objective data concerning food safety, the potential of food enrichment, and means to encourage better nutritional practices.

(b) Declaration of policy

It is declared to be the policy of the United States that the Department of Agriculture conduct research in the fields of human nutrition and the nutritive value of foods and conduct human nutrition education activities, as provided in this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1421, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 999.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

Nutrition Information and Awareness Pilot Program

Pub. L. 107–171, title IV, §4403, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 334, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4406(c)(2), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1142; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4406(c)(2), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1903, directed the Secretary of Agriculture to establish, in not more than 5 States, for a period not to exceed 4 years for each participating State, a pilot program to increase the domestic consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4210, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 830.
7 U.S.C. § 145 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 7: INSECT PESTS GENERALLY / Section 145: Repealed. Pub. L. 94-231, §2, Mar. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 216
Repealed. Pub. L. 94-231, §2, Mar. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 216
Status: repealed

Section, act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 79, §1, 40 Stat. 374, provided for cooperation with Mexico and adjacent States in extermination of pink bollworm infestations in Mexico and related operations.
7 U.S.C. § 7013 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter IX: MISCELLANEOUS REORGANIZATION PROVISIONS / Section 7013: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12414(a)(7), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4981
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12414(a)(7), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4981
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §295, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3238, related to proposed conforming amendments.
7 U.S.C. § 7621 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7621: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7406(b)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1251, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7406(b)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2013
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7406(b)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1251, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7406(b)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2013
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §401, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 564; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title VII, §753(c)(2)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–33; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7205(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 109–171, title I, §1501, Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 7, related to the Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Repeal of this section inapplicable to any solicitation for grant applications issued by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service before June 18, 2008, see section 7406(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 3157 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6t (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 6t: Large swap trader reporting
Large swap trader reporting
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), it shall be unlawful for any person to enter into any swap that the Commission determines to perform a significant price discovery function with respect to registered entities if—

(A) the person directly or indirectly enters into the swap during any 1 day in an amount equal to or in excess of such amount as shall be established periodically by the Commission; and

(B) the person directly or indirectly has or obtains a position in the swap equal to or in excess of such amount as shall be established periodically by the Commission.

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply if—

(A) the person files or causes to be filed with the properly designated officer of the Commission such reports regarding any transactions or positions described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) as the Commission may require by rule or regulation; and

(B) in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission, the person keeps books and records of all such swaps and any transactions and positions in any related commodity traded on or subject to the rules of any designated contract market or swap execution facility, and of cash or spot transactions in, inventories of, and purchase and sale commitments of, such a commodity.

(b) Requirements

(1) In general

Books and records described in subsection (a)(2)(B) shall—

(A) show such complete details concerning all transactions and positions as the Commission may prescribe by rule or regulation;

(B) be open at all times to inspection and examination by any representative of the Commission; and

(C) be open at all times to inspection and examination by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to the extent such books and records relate to transactions in swaps (as that term is defined in section 1a(47)(A)(v) of this title), and consistent with the confidentiality and disclosure requirements of section 12 of this title.

(2) Jurisdiction

Nothing in paragraph (1) shall affect the exclusive jurisdiction of the Commission to prescribe recordkeeping and reporting requirements for large swap traders under this section.

(c) Applicability

For purposes of this section, the swaps, futures, and cash or spot transactions and positions of any person shall include the swaps, futures, and cash or spot transactions and positions of any persons directly or indirectly controlled by the person.

(d) Significant price discovery function

In making a determination as to whether a swap performs or affects a significant price discovery function with respect to registered entities, the Commission shall consider the factors described in section 6a(a)(3) of this title.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §4t, as added Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, §730, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1702.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2133 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2133: Licensing of dealers and exhibitors
Licensing of dealers and exhibitors
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall issue licenses to dealers and exhibitors upon application therefor in such form and manner as he may prescribe and upon payment of such fee established pursuant to 2153 of this title: Provided, That no such license shall be issued until the dealer or exhibitor shall have demonstrated that his facilities comply with the standards promulgated by the Secretary pursuant to section 2143 of this title: Provided, however, That a dealer or exhibitor shall not be required to obtain a license as a dealer or exhibitor under this chapter if the size of the business is determined by the Secretary to be de minimis. The Secretary is further authorized to license, as dealers or exhibitors, persons who do not qualify as dealers or exhibitors within the meaning of this chapter upon such persons' complying with the requirements specified above and agreeing, in writing, to comply with all the requirements of this chapter and the regulations promulgated by the Secretary hereunder.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §3, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 91–579, §4, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1561; Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12308(a)(2), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 990.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–79 substituted ": Provided, however, That a dealer or exhibitor shall not be required to obtain a license as a dealer or exhibitor under this chapter if the size of the business is determined by the Secretary to be de minimis." for ": Provided, however, That any retail pet store or other person who derives less than a substantial portion of his income (as determined by the Secretary) from the breeding and raising of dogs or cats on his own premises and sells any such dog or cat to a dealer or research facility shall not be required to obtain a license as a dealer or exhibitor under this chapter."

1970—Pub. L. 91–579 inserted references to exhibitors and retail pet stores.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–579 effective one year after Dec. 24, 1970, see section 23 of Pub. L. 91–579, set out as a note under section 2131 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 626 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 626: Import inventory
Import inventory
Status: in_force

(a) Compilation and report on imports

The Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the International Trade Commission, the United States Trade Representative, and the heads of all other appropriate Federal agencies, shall compile and report to the public statistics on the total value and quantity of imported raw and processed agricultural products. The report shall be limited to those statistics that such agencies already obtain for other purposes.

(b) Compilation and report on consumption

The Secretary shall compile and report to the public data on the total quantity of production and consumption of domestically produced raw and processed agricultural products.

(c) Issuing of data

The reports required by this section shall be made in a format that correlates statistics for the quantity and value of imported agricultural products to the production and consumption of domestic agricultural products. The Secretary shall issue such reports on an annual basis, with the first report required not later than 1 year after August 23, 1988.

(Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4502, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1403.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Competitiveness and Trade Act of 1988 and also as part of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1935 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter I: REAL ESTATE LOANS / Section 1935: Down payment loan program
Down payment loan program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Establishment

Notwithstanding any other section of this subchapter, the Secretary shall establish, within the farm ownership loan program established under this subchapter, a program under which loans shall be made under this section to eligible farmers or ranchers for down payments on farm ownership loans.

(2) Administration

The Secretary shall be the primary coordinator of credit supervision for the down payment loan program established under this section, in consultation with the commercial or cooperative lender and, if applicable, the contracting credit counseling service selected under section 2006b(c) of this title.

(b) Loan terms

(1) Principal

Each loan made under this section shall be in an amount that does not exceed 45 percent of the least of—

(A) the purchase price of the farm or ranch to be acquired;

(B) the appraised value of the farm or ranch to be acquired; or

(C) $667,000.

(2) Interest rate

The interest rate on any loan made by the Secretary under this section shall be a rate equal to the greater of—

(A) the difference obtained by subtracting 4 percent from the interest rate for farm ownership loans under this subchapter; or

(B) 1.5 percent.

(3) Duration

Each loan under this section shall be made for a period of 20 years or less, at the option of the borrower.

(4) Repayment

Each borrower of a loan under this section shall repay the loan to the Secretary in equal annual installments.

(5) Nature of retained security interest

The Secretary shall retain an interest in each farm or ranch acquired with a loan made under this section that shall—

(A) be secured by the farm or ranch;

(B) be junior only to such interests in the farm or ranch as may be conveyed at the time of acquisition to the person (including a lender) from whom the borrower obtained a loan used to acquire the farm or ranch; and

(C) require the borrower to obtain the permission of the Secretary before the borrower may grant an additional security interest in the farm or ranch.

(c) Limitations

(1) Borrowers required to make minimum down payment

The Secretary shall not make a loan under this section to any borrower with respect to a farm or ranch if the contribution of the borrower to the down payment on the farm or ranch will be less than 5 percent of the purchase price of the farm or ranch.

(2) Prohibited types of financing

The Secretary shall not make a loan under this section with respect to a farm or ranch if the farm or ranch is to be acquired with other financing that contains any of the following conditions:

(A) The financing is to be amortized over a period of less than 30 years.

(B) A balloon payment will be due on the financing during the 20-year period beginning on the date the loan is to be made by the Secretary.

(d) Administration

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable—

(1) facilitate the transfer of farms and ranches from retiring farmers and ranchers to persons eligible for insured loans under this subchapter;

(2) make efforts to widely publicize the availability of loans under this section among—

(A) potentially eligible farmers or ranchers;

(B) retiring farmers and ranchers; and

(C) applicants for farm ownership loans under this subchapter;

(3) encourage retiring farmers and ranchers to assist in the sale of their farms and ranches to eligible farmers or ranchers by providing seller financing;

(4) coordinate the loan program established by this section with State programs that provide farm ownership or operating loans for—

(A) beginning farmers or ranchers;

(B) socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers, as defined in section 2003(e) of this title; or

(C) veteran farmers or ranchers, as defined in section 2279(a) of this title; and; and 1

(5) establish annual performance goals to promote the use of the down payment loan program and other joint financing arrangements as the preferred choice for direct real estate loans made by any lender to an eligible farmer or rancher.

(e) Definition of eligible farmer or rancher

In this section, the term "eligible farmer or rancher" means—

(1) a qualified beginning farmer or rancher;

(2) a socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher, as defined in section 2003(e) of this title; and

(3) a veteran farmer or rancher, as defined in section 2279(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §310E, as added Pub. L. 102–554, §7(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4144; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5005, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 342; Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §5004, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1144; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §5004, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1905; Pub. L. 113–79, title V, §5005, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 834; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12306(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4969.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(c)(1), substituted "eligible farmers or ranchers" for "qualified beginning farmers or ranchers and socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(c)(2)(A), substituted "farmers or ranchers" for "recipients of the loans".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(c)(2)(B), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "encourage retiring farmers and ranchers to assist in the sale of their farms and ranches to qualified beginning farmers and ranchers and socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers by providing seller financing;".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(c)(2)(C), substituted "for—" for "for beginning farmers or ranchers or socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers", added subpars. (A) and (B) and subpar. (C) designation, and inserted "veteran farmers or ranchers, as defined in section 2279(a) of this title; and" before "; and" in subpar. (C).

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(c)(2)(D), substituted "an eligible farmer or rancher" for "a qualified beginning farmer or rancher or socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(c)(3), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In this section, the term 'socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher' has the meaning given that term in section 2003(e)(2) of this title."

2014—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 113–79, §5005(a), substituted "$667,000" for "$500,000".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 113–79, §5005(b), struck out second par. (2) which read as follows: "The interest rate on any loan made by the Secretary under this section shall be 4 percent."

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(1), substituted "or ranchers and socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers" for "and ranchers".

Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(2)(A), added par. (1) and par. (2) consisting of subpars. (A) and (B) and struck out former par. (1). Prior to amendment, text of par. (1) read as follows: "Each loan made under this section shall be in an amount equal to 40 percent of the purchase price or appraisal value, whichever is lower, of the farm or ranch to be acquired, unless the borrower requests a lesser amount."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(2)(B), substituted "20" for "15".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(3)(A), substituted "5" for "10".

Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(3)(B), (C), redesignated par. (3) as (2), in subpar. (B), substituted "20-year" for "15-year", and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall not make a loan under this section with respect to a farm or ranch for which the purchase price or appraisal value, whichever is lower, exceeds $250,000."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(4)(A)(ii), struck out "and" at end.

Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(4)(A)(i), which directed the insertion of "and socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers" after "ranchers", was executed by making the insertion after "ranchers" the second place it appeared to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(4)(B), substituted "or ranchers or socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers; and" for "and ranchers."

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(4)(C), added par. (5).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–246, §5004(5), added subsec. (e).

2002—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §5005(1)(A), substituted "40 percent" for "30 percent".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §5005(1)(B), substituted "15 years" for "10 years".

Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 107–171, §5005(2), substituted "15-year" for "10-year".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original.
7 U.S.C. § 2153 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2153: Fees and authorization of appropriations
Fees and authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall charge, assess, and cause to be collected reasonable fees for licenses issued. Such fees shall be adjusted on an equitable basis taking into consideration the type and nature of the operations to be licensed and shall be deposited and covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such funds as Congress may from time to time provide: Provided, That there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture for enforcement by the Department of Agriculture of the provisions of section 2156 of this title an amount not to exceed $100,000 for the transition quarter ending September 30, 1976, and not to exceed $400,000 for each fiscal year thereafter.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §23, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 353; Pub. L. 94–279, §18, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 423.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–279 authorized appropriations for the enforcement of section 2156 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2139 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2139: Principal-agent relationship established
Principal-agent relationship established
Status: in_force

When construing or enforcing the provisions of this chapter, the act, omission, or failure of any person acting for or employed by a research facility, a dealer, or an exhibitor or a person licensed as a dealer or an exhibitor pursuant to the second sentence of section 2133 of this title, or an operator of an auction sale subject to section 2142 of this title, or an intermediate handler, or a carrier, within the scope of his employment or office, shall be deemed the act, omission, or failure of such research facility, dealer, exhibitor, licensee, operator of an auction sale, intermediate handler, or carrier, as well as of such person.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §9, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 91–579, §10, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1562; Pub. L. 94–279, §7, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 418.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–279 inserted "or an intermediate handler, or a carrier," after "section 2142 of this title," and substituted "operator of an auction sale, intermediate handler, or carrier, as well as of such person." for "or an operator of an auction sale as well as of such person." after "research facility, dealer, exhibitor, licensee,".

1970—Pub. L. 91–579 inserted references to persons acting for or employed by exhibitors, persons licensed as exhibitors, and operators of auction sales subject to section 2142 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–579 effective one year after Dec. 24, 1970, see section 23 of Pub. L. 91–579, set out as a note under section 2131 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7423 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter II: ISSUANCE OF ORDERS FOR PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES REGARDING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 7423: Effect on other laws
Effect on other laws
Status: in_force

This subchapter shall not affect or preempt any other Federal or State law authorizing promotion or research relating to an agricultural commodity.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §524, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1047.)
7 U.S.C. § 75b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 3: GRAIN STANDARDS / Section 75b: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XX, §2002, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3928, provided for establishment of Committee on Grain Quality and Grain Quality Coordinator, established duties of Coordinator with respect to grain quality and competitiveness, and provided for termination of section on Jan. 1, 2001.
7 U.S.C. § 390d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter III: RESEARCH FACILITIES / Section 390d: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2023 for the study, plan, design, structure, and related costs of agricultural research facilities under this subchapter. Funds appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be available until expended.

(b) Allowable administrative costs

Not more than 3 percent of the funds made available for any project for an agricultural research facility shall be available for administration of the project.

(c) Maximum amount

Not more than 25 percent of the funds made available pursuant to subsection (a) for any fiscal year shall be used for any single agricultural research facility project.

(d) Project limitation

An entity eligible to receive funds under this subchapter may receive funds for only one project at a time.

(Pub. L. 88–74, §6, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §884(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1179; amended Pub. L. 105–185, title III, §301(d), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 563; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7135, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7405, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7405, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2008; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7403, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7503(d), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4821.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, as in effect on Sept. 30, 2023, to continue, and authorities to be carried out, until the later of Sept. 30, 2024, or the date specified in the provision of, or amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, see section 102(a) of Pub. L. 118–22, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.

The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 110–246, as in effect on Sept. 30, 2012, to continue, and the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the authorities, until the later of Sept. 30, 2013, or the date specified in the provision of, or amendment made by, Pub. L. 110–246, see section 701(a) of Pub. L. 112–240, set out in a 1-Year Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 390d, Pub. L. 88–74, §5, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(e), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548, related to payment eligibility and facility proposals, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 6 of Pub. L. 88–74 was classified to section 390f of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

Another prior section 6 of Pub. L. 88–74 was classified to section 390e of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–198.

A prior section 390e, Pub. L. 88–74, §6, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995, related to continuing availability of unused allotments to eligible institutions for a period of five fiscal years following the fiscal year of initial availability thereof, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(f), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548.

A prior section 390f, Pub. L. 88–74, §6, formerly §7, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995; renumbered §6 and amended Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(g), (k), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548, related to fund support basis for multiple-purpose equipment and physical facilities, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 390g, Pub. L. 88–74, §8, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995, related to ascertainment of the amount of the allocation to which each institution was entitled and written notification to each such institution, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(h), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548.

A prior section 390h, Pub. L. 88–74, §7, formerly §9, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 94–273, §7(1), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 378; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995; renumbered §7 and amended Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(i), (k), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548, related to fiscal accountability, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 390i, Pub. L. 88–74, §8, formerly §10, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995; renumbered §8 and amended Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(j), (k), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548, directed Secretary to submit annual reports to Congress with respect to research facility payments, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1011(w), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 711.

A prior section 8 of Pub. L. 88–74 was classified to section 390g of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–198.

A prior section 390j, Pub. L. 88–74, §9, formerly §11, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 995; renumbered §9, Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(k), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548, related to availability of appropriated funds for administration, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 9 of Pub. L. 88–74 was renumbered section 7 and was classified to section 390h of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 390k, Pub. L. 88–74, §12, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 92, authorized appropriation of such sums as might be necessary for proper administration of this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 994, effective Oct. 1, 1977.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, §7503(d)(1), substituted "subsections (b), (c), and (d)," for "subsection (b)," and "2023" for "2018" and inserted at end "Funds appropriated pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be available until expended."

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 115–334, §7503(d)(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "2018" for "2012".

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §7405, substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "2007" for "2002".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–185 substituted "each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002" for "fiscal years 1996 and 1997".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1504 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1504: Capital stock of Corporation
Capital stock of Corporation
Status: in_force

(a) Subscription by United States

The Corporation shall have a capital stock of $500,000,000 subscribed by the United States of America, payment for which shall, with the approval of the Secretary, be subject to call in whole or in part by the Board.

(b) Appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for the purpose of subscribing to the capital stock of the Corporation.

(c) Issuance of stock to Secretary of the Treasury

Receipts for payments by the United States of America for or on account of such stock shall be issued by the Corporation to the Secretary of the Treasury and shall be evidence of the stock ownership by the United States of America.

(d) Cancellation of receipts; nonliability of Corporation

Within thirty days after September 26, 1980, the Secretary of the Treasury shall cancel, without consideration, receipts for payments for or on account of the stock of the Corporation outstanding on September 26, 1980, and such receipts shall cease to be liabilities of the Corporation.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §504, 52 Stat. 72; Aug. 25, 1949, ch. 512, §§4, 6, 63 Stat. 665; Pub. L. 95–47, June 16, 1977, 91 Stat. 228; Pub. L. 95–181, §1, Nov. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1373; Pub. L. 96–365, title I, §101, Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 103–354, title I, §102(b)(2), (4)(C), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3180, 3181.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–354, §102(b)(2)(A), (4)(C), struck out "of Agriculture" after "Secretary" and "of Directors of the Corporation" after "Board".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–354, §102(b)(2)(B), struck out "Federal Crop Insurance" before "Corporation outstanding".

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–365, §101(a), substituted "$500,000,000" for "$200,000,000".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–365, §101(b), added subsec. (d).

1977—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–181 substituted "$200,000,000" for "$150,000,000".

Pub. L. 95–47 substituted "$150,000,000" for "$100,000,000".

1949—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 25, 1949, §4, struck out second sentence relating to restoration of impairment of capital stock.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 25, 1949, §6, authorized appropriations for subscribing to corporation's capital stock in order to offset losses suffered prior to time program was placed on an experimental basis in 1947.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–354 effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to provision of crop insurance under Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) beginning with 1995 crop year, with such Act, as in effect on the day before Oct. 13, 1994, to continue to apply with respect to 1994 crop year, see section 120 of Pub. L. 103–354, set out as a note under section 1502 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–365, title I, §112, Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1319, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the provisions of this Act amending the Federal Crop Insurance Act [amending sections 1504, 1505 to 1507, 1508, and 1518 of this title and repealing section 1515 of this title] shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1980]."

Pub. L. 96–365, title I, §101(a), Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1312, provided that the amendment made by section 101(a) is effective Oct. 1, 1980.

Cancellation of Outstanding Receipts for Stock in Excess of $27,000,000

Act Aug. 25, 1949, ch. 512, §5, 63 Stat. 665, provided that: "The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to cancel, without consideration, outstanding receipts for payments for or on account of the stock of the Corporation in excess of $27,000,000."

Institution of Expanded Program; Payment of Cost for Fiscal Year 1950

Act Aug. 25, 1949, ch. 512, §11, 63 Stat. 666, provided that: "The expanded program authorized herein [sections 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, and 1508 of this title] shall be instituted beginning with the 1950 crop year, the additional cost for fiscal year 1950 to be financed, pending the appropriation of supplemental funds, from any appropriation available for operating and administrative expenses of the Corporation for such fiscal year."

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Administration of program of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100. See note set out under section 1503 of this title.

Wartime consolidation of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation into Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration, see note set out under section 1503 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3333 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter XII: RANGELAND RESEARCH / Section 3333: Rangeland research grants
Rangeland research grants
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary may make grants to—

(1) land-grant colleges and universities, State agricultural experiment stations, and colleges, universities, and Federal laboratories having a demonstrable capacity in rangeland research, as determined by the Secretary, to carry out rangeland research; and

(2) the Joe Skeen Institute for Rangeland Restoration for the purposes of facilitating and expanding ongoing State-Federal range management, animal husbandry, and agricultural research, education, and extension programs to meet the targeted, emerging, and future needs of western United States rangelands and associated natural resources.

(b) Matching requirements

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), this grant program shall be based on a matching formula of 50 percent Federal and 50 percent non-Federal funding (including funding from an agricultural commodity promotion, research, and information program).

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a grant to a Federal laboratory or a grant under subsection (a)(2).

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1480, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1440(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1319; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7209(d), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7128(b)(1)(C), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7614(b)(1)(C), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4834.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

2014—Pub. L. 113–79 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading and subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) related to matching requirements.

2002—Pub. L. 107–171 inserted section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary may make grants to land-grant colleges and universities, State agricultural experiment stations, and to colleges, universities, and Federal laboratories having a demonstrable capacity in rangeland research, as determined by the Secretary, to carry out rangeland research. Except in the case of Federal laboratories, this grant program shall be based on a matching formula of 50 per centum Federal and 50 per centum non-Federal funding."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7464 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter IV: KIWIFRUIT / Section 7464: National Kiwifruit Board
National Kiwifruit Board
Status: in_force

(a) Membership

An order issued by the Secretary under section 7463 of this title shall provide for the establishment of a National Kiwifruit Board that consists of the following 11 members:

(1) 10 members who are producers, exporters, or importers (or their representatives), based on a proportional representation of the level of domestic production and imports of kiwifruit (as determined by the Secretary).

(2) 1 member appointed from the general public.

(b) Adjustment of membership

Subject to the 11-member limit, the Secretary may adjust membership on the Board to accommodate changes in production and import levels of kiwifruit.

(c) Appointment and nomination

(1) Appointment

The Secretary shall appoint the members of the Board from nominations submitted in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Producers

The members who are producers referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be appointed from individuals nominated by producers.

(3) Importers and exporters

The members who are importers or exporters referred to in subsection (a)(1) shall be appointed from individuals nominated by importers or exporters.

(4) Public representative

The public representative shall be appointed from nominations submitted by other members of the Board.

(5) Failure to nominate

If producers, importers, and exporters fail to nominate individuals for appointment, the Secretary may appoint members and alternates on a basis provided for in the order. If the Board fails to nominate a public representative, the member and alternate may be appointed by the Secretary without a nomination.

(d) Alternates

The Secretary shall appoint an alternate for each member of the Board. An alternate shall—

(1) be appointed in the same manner as the member for whom the individual is an alternate; and

(2) serve on the Board if the member is absent from a meeting or is disqualified under subsection (f).

(e) Terms

A member of the Board shall be appointed for a term of 3 years. No member may serve more than 2 consecutive 3-year terms, except that of the members first appointed—

(1) 5 members shall be appointed for a term of 2 years; and

(2) 6 members shall be appointed for a term of 3 years.

(f) Disqualification

If a member or alternate of the Board who was appointed as a producer, importer, exporter, or public representative member ceases to belong to the group for which the member was appointed, the member or alternate shall be disqualified from serving on the Board.

(g) Compensation

A member or alternate of the Board shall serve without pay.

(h) General powers and duties

The Board shall—

(1) administer an order issued by the Secretary under section 7463 of this title, and an amendment to the order, in accordance with the order and amendment and this subchapter;

(2) prescribe rules and regulations to carry out the order;

(3) meet, organize, and select from among members of the Board a chairperson, other officers, and committees and subcommittees, as the Board determines appropriate;

(4) receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary accounts of violations of the order;

(5) make recommendations to the Secretary with respect to an amendment that should be made to the order; and

(6) employ or contract with a manager and staff to assist in administering the order, except that, to reduce administrative costs and increase efficiency, the Board shall seek, to the extent practicable, to employ or contract with personnel who are already associated with organizations involved in promoting kiwifruit that are chartered by a State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §555, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1066; Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §603(b), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 585.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–185, §603(b)(1), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) to (3) which read as follows:

"(1) 6 members who are producers (or representatives of producers) and who are not exempt from an assessment under section 7465(b) of this title.

"(2) 4 members who are importers (or representatives of importers) and who are not exempt from an assessment under section 7465(b) of this title or are exporters (or representatives of exporters).

"(3) 1 member appointed from the general public."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–185, §603(b)(2), struck out par. (1) designation and heading, struck out "and to paragraph (2)" after "11-member limit", and struck out heading and text of par. (2). Text read as follows: "Producers shall comprise not less than 51 percent of the membership of the Board."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–185, §603(b)(3)(A), inserted "who are producers" after "members".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–185, §603(b)(3)(B), inserted "who are importers or exporters" after "members" and substituted "(a)(1)" for "(a)(2)".

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 105–185, §603(b)(3)(C), inserted "and alternate" before "may be appointed" in second sentence.
7 U.S.C. § 928 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter II: RURAL TELEPHONE SERVICE / Section 928: Prompt processing of telephone loans
Prompt processing of telephone loans
Status: in_force

Within ten days after the end of the second and fourth calendar quarters of each year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report—

(1) identifying each completed application for a telephone loan under section 935 of this title or a guarantee of a telephone loan under section 936 of this title that has not been finally acted upon within ninety days after the date the completed application is submitted; and

(2) stating the reasons for the failure to finally act upon the completed applications within such ninety-day period.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title II, §207, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2358, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4041; amended Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §235(a)(13), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3221; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6602(b)(6), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4776.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "935 of this title or" for "935 of this title," and struck out ", or a loan under section 948 of this title," after "a telephone loan under section 936 of this title".

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator".
7 U.S.C. § 306 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter I: COLLEGE-AID LAND APPROPRIATION / Section 306: Repealed. Dec. 16, 1930, ch. 14, §1, 46 Stat. 1028
Repealed. Dec. 16, 1930, ch. 14, §1, 46 Stat. 1028
Status: repealed

Section, act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, §6, 12 Stat. 505, related to time of location of land scrip.
7 U.S.C. § 541 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 23: FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE / Section 541: Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(56), 60 Stat. 1039
Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(56), 60 Stat. 1039
Status: repealed

Sections 541 to 545, act June 5, 1930, ch. 399, 46 Stat. 497–499, related to Foreign Agricultural Service.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective three months following Aug. 13, 1946, see section 1141 of act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, 60 Stat. 1040.
7 U.S.C. § 617 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 617: Refund on goods exported; bond to suspend tax on commodity intended for export
Refund on goods exported; bond to suspend tax on commodity intended for export
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the exportation to any foreign country (and/or to the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Canal Zone, and the island of Guam) of any product processed wholly or partly from a commodity with respect to which product or commodity a tax has been paid or is payable under this chapter, the tax due and payable or due and paid shall be credited or refunded. Under regulations prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, the credit or refund shall be allowed to the consignor named in the bill of lading under which the product is exported or to the shipper or to the person liable for the tax provided the consignor waives any claim thereto in favor of such shipper or person liable for the tax. In the case of rice, a tax due under this chapter which has been paid by a tax-payment warrant shall be deemed for the purposes of this subsection to have been paid; and with respect to any refund authorized under this section, the amount scheduled by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for refunding shall be paid, any provision of law notwithstanding. In the case of sugar beets and sugarcane, this subsection shall be applicable to exports of products thereof to the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Canal Zone, and/or the island of Guam only if this chapter with respect to sugar beets and sugarcane is not made applicable thereto. The term "product" includes any product exported as merchandise, or as a container for merchandise, or otherwise.

(b) Upon the giving of bond satisfactory to the Secretary of the Treasury for the faithful observance of the provisions of this chapter requiring the payment of taxes, any person shall be entitled, without payment of the tax, to process for such exportation any commodity with respect to which a tax is imposed by this chapter, or to hold for such exportation any article processed wholly or partly therefrom.

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §17, 48 Stat. 40; May 9, 1934, ch. 263, §§12, 13, 48 Stat. 676; Mar. 18, 1935, ch. 32, §11, 49 Stat. 48; Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §28, 49 Stat. 770; June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §601(a), 49 Stat. 1739; Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7871, 60 Stat. 1352.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Codification

References to the Philippine Islands in subsec. (a) were omitted from the Code as obsolete in view of the independence proclaimed by the President of the United States by Proc. No. 2695, cited to text, which is set out as a note under section 1394 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Constitutionality

Unconstitutionality of processing and floor stock taxes, see note set out under section 616 of this title.

Amendments

1936—Subsec. (a). Act June 22, 1936, reenacted subsec. (a) for refund purposes only.

1935—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 24, 1935, struck out first two sentences and substituted "Upon the exportation to any foreign country (and/or to the Philippine Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Canal Zone, and the island of Guam) of any product processed wholly or partly from a commodity with respect to which product or commodity a tax has been paid or is payable under this chapter, the tax due and payable or due and paid shall be credited or refunded. Under regulations prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, the credit or refund shall be allowed to the consignor named in the bill of lading under which the product is exported or to the shipper or to the person liable for the tax provided the consignor waives any claim thereto in favor of such shipper or person liable for the tax."

Act Mar. 18, 1935, inserted third sentence.

1934—Subsec. (a). Act May 9, 1934, amended subsec. (a) generally.

Subsec. (b). Act May 9, 1934, §13, substituted "partly" for "in chief value".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Separability

Validity of remainder of this chapter as not affected should any of the provisions of this chapter be declared unconstitutional, see section 614 of this title.

Appropriations

Appropriations for refunds, etc., see note set out under section 610 of this title.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury, and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 26, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, referred to in this section, is an officer of Department of the Treasury.
7 U.S.C. § 3293 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter VIII: INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Section 3293: Agricultural fellowship program for middle income countries, emerging democracies, and emerging markets
Agricultural fellowship program for middle income countries, emerging democracies, and emerging markets
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a fellowship program for,1 to be known as the "Cochran Fellowship Program", to provide fellowships to individuals from eligible countries (as determined under subsection (b)) who specialize in agriculture for study—

(1) in the United States; or

(2) at a college or university located in an eligible country that the Secretary determines—

(A) has sufficient scientific and technical facilities;

(B) has established a partnership with at least one college or university in the United States; and

(C) has substantial participation by faculty members of the United States college or university in the design of the fellowship curriculum and classroom instruction under the fellowship.

(b) Eligible countries

Countries described in any of the following paragraphs shall be eligible to participate in the program established under this section:

(1) Middle-income country

A country that has developed economically to the point where it no longer qualifies for bilateral foreign aid assistance from the United States because its per capita income level exceeds the eligibility requirements of such assistance programs (hereafter referred to in this section as a "middle-income" country).

(2) Ongoing relationship

A middle-income country that has never qualified for bilateral foreign aid assistance from the United States, but with respect to which an ongoing relationship with the United States, including technical assistance and training, would provide mutual benefits to such country and the United States.

(3) Type of government

A country that has recently begun the transformation of its system of government from a non-representative type of government to a representative democracy and that is encouraging democratic institution building, and the cultural values, institutions, and organizations of democratic pluralism.

(4) Independent states of the former Soviet Union

A country that is an independent state of the former Soviet Union (as defined in section 5602(8) of this title), to the extent that the Secretary of Agriculture determines that such country should be eligible to participate in the program established under this section.

(5) Emerging market

Any emerging market, as defined in section 1542(e).

(c) Purpose of fellowships

Fellowships under this section shall be provided to permit the recipients to gain knowledge and skills that will—

(1) assist eligible countries to develop agricultural systems (which may include agricultural extension services) necessary to meet the food and fiber needs of their domestic populations; and

(2) strengthen and enhance—

(A) trade linkages between eligible countries and agricultural interests in the United States; or

(B) linkages between agricultural interests in the United States and regulatory systems governing sanitary and phytosanitary standards for agricultural products that—

(i) may enter the United States; and

(ii) may pose risks to human, animal, or plant life or health.

(d) Individuals who may receive fellowships

The Secretary shall utilize the expertise of United States agricultural counselors, trade officers, and commodity trade promotion groups working in participating countries to help identify program candidates for fellowships under this section from both the public and private sectors of those countries. The Secretary may provide fellowships under the program authorized by this section to private agricultural producers from eligible countries.

(e) Program implementation

The Secretary shall consult with other United States Government agencies, United States universities, and the private agribusiness sector, as appropriate, to design and administer training programs to accomplish the objectives of the program established under this section.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated without fiscal year limitation such sums as may be necessary to carry out the program established under this section, except that the amount of such funds in any fiscal year shall not exceed—

(1) for eligible countries that meet the requirements of subsection (b)(1), $4,000,000;

(2) for eligible countries that meet the requirements of subsection (b)(2), $3,000,000; and

(3) for eligible countries that meet the requirements of subsection (b)(3), $6,000,000.

(g) Complementary funds

If the Secretary of Agriculture determines that it is advisable in furtherance of the purposes of the program established under this section, the Secretary may accept money, funds, property, and services of every kind by gift, devise, bequest, grant, or otherwise, and may, in any manner, dispose of all such holdings and use the receipts generated from such disposition as general program funds under this section. All funds so designated for the program established under this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1543, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3694; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1002, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1894; Pub. L. 102–511, title VII, §705, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3349; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §277(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 978; Pub. L. 115–334, title III, §§3201(b)(3)(B), 3305, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4616, 4619.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1542(e), referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is section 1542(e) of Pub. L. 101–624, which is set out as a note under section 5622 of this title.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Development and Trade Act of 1990, and also as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, and not as part of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, §3305(1), substituted "for study—" for "for study in the United States." and added pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 115–334, §3201(b)(3)(B), substituted "section 1542(e)" for "section 1542(f)".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §3305(2)(A), inserted "(which may include agricultural extension services)" after "agricultural systems".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §3305(2)(B), inserted dash after "enhance" and subpar. (A) designation before "trade" and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §3305(3)(A), substituted "$4,000,000" for "$3,000,000".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §3305(3)(B), substituted "$3,000,000" for "$2,000,000".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §3305(3)(C), substituted "$6,000,000" for "$5,000,000".

1996—Pub. L. 104–127, §277(b)(1), in section catchline, substituted "middle income countries, emerging democracies, and emerging markets" for "middle income countries and emerging democracies".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 104–127, §277(b)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §277(b)(3), substituted "food and fiber needs" for "food needs".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–511, §705(a)(1), struck out "middle income countries and emerging democracies" after "fellowship program for" and inserted "(as determined under subsection (b))" after "eligible countries".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–511, §705(a)(2), substituted "described in any of the following paragraphs" for "that meet the following requirements" in introductory provisions and added par. (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–511, §705(b), inserted at end "The Secretary may provide fellowships under the program authorized by this section to private agricultural producers from eligible countries."

1991—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "program" for "Program".

1 So in original. The word "for" probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 246 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 10: WAREHOUSES / Section 246: Maintenance of records
Maintenance of records
Status: in_force

To facilitate the administration of this chapter, the following persons shall maintain such records and make such reports, as the Secretary may by regulation require:

(1) A warehouse operator that is licensed under this chapter.

(2) A person operating a system for the electronic recording and transfer of receipts and other documents that are authorized under this chapter.

(3) Any other person engaged in the issuance of electronic receipts or the transfer of documents under this chapter.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §7, as added Pub. L. 106–472, title II, §201, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2065.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 246, acts Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §25, 39 Stat. 490; Mar. 2, 1931, ch. 366, §8, 46 Stat. 1465, related to suspension and revocation of license, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472. See section 252 of this title.

A prior section 7 of act Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, was classified to section 249 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472.
7 U.S.C. § 6710 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 96: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE / Section 6710: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 1997, to carry out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIV, §2412, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4062; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §843, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1170.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title XXIV of Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4058, known as the Global Climate Change Prevention Act of 1990, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title XXIV to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "1997" for "1996".
7 U.S.C. § 325 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter II: COLLEGE-AID ANNUAL APPROPRIATION / Section 325: State to replace funds misapplied, etc.; restrictions on use of funds; reports by colleges
State to replace funds misapplied, etc.; restrictions on use of funds; reports by colleges
Status: in_force

If any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of the State or Territory for the further and more complete endowment, support, and maintenance of colleges, or of institutions for colored students, as provided in this subchapter, shall, by any action or contingency, be diminished or lost, or be misapplied, it shall be replaced by the State or Territory to which it belongs, and until so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to such State or Territory; and no portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings. An annual report by the president of each of said colleges shall be made to the Secretary of Agriculture, regarding the condition and progress of each college, including statistical information in relation to its receipts and expenditures, its library, the number of its students and professors, and also as to any improvements and experiments made under the direction of any experiment stations attached to said colleges, with their cost and results, and such other industrial and economical statistics as may be regarded as useful, one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail free to all other colleges further endowed under this subchapter.

(Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, §3, 26 Stat. 418; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(2)(E), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1419, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1306.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions under this section to Secretary of Agriculture, see note set out under section 321 of this title.

Functions of Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and Secretary thereof under this subchapter transferred to Secretary of Education by section 301(a)(2)(E) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3441(a)(2)(E) of Title 20, Education.

Transfer of functions from Secretary of the Interior to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, see note set out under section 321 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6981 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter VII: FOOD SAFETY / Section 6981: Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established in the Department of Agriculture the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety. The Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among individuals with specialized training or significant experience in food safety or public health programs.

(b) Functions of Under Secretary

(1) Principal functions

The Secretary shall delegate to the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety those functions and duties under the jurisdiction of the Department that are primarily related to food safety.

(2) Additional functions

The Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety shall perform such other functions and duties as may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary.

(c) Omitted

(d) Technical and scientific review groups

The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics, may, without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service, and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5 relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates—

(1) establish such technical and scientific review groups as are needed to carry out the functions of the Department; and

(2) appoint and pay the members of the groups, except that officers and employees of the United States shall not receive additional compensation for service as a member of a group.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §261, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3227.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of section 261 of Pub. L. 103–354. Subsec. (c) of section 261 of Pub. L. 103–354 amended section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
7 U.S.C. § 1639a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter V: NATIONAL BIOENGINEERED FOOD DISCLOSURE STANDARD / Section 1639a: Applicability
Applicability
Status: in_force

(a) In general

This subchapter shall apply to any claim in a disclosure that a food bears that indicates that the food is a bioengineered food.

(b) Application of definition

The definition of the term "bioengineering" under section 1639 of this title shall not affect any other definition, program, rule, or regulation of the Federal Government.

(c) Application to foods

This subchapter shall apply only to a food subject to—

(1) the labeling requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.); or

(2) the labeling requirements under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.), or the Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 1031 et seq.) only if—

(A) the most predominant ingredient of the food would independently be subject to the labeling requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.); or

(B)(i) the most predominant ingredient of the food is broth, stock, water, or a similar solution; and

(ii) the second-most predominant ingredient of the food would independently be subject to the labeling requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §292, as added Pub. L. 114–216, §1, July 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 834.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), (2)(A), (B)(ii), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of Title 21 and Tables.

The Federal Meat Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is titles I to IV of act Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, as added Pub. L. 90–201, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 584, which are classified generally to subchapters I to IV (§601 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 601 of Title 21 and Tables.

The Poultry Products Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 85–172, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 441, which is classified generally to chapter 10 (§451 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 451 of Title 21 and Tables.

The Egg Products Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 91–597, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1620, which is classified principally to chapter 15 (§1031 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1031 of Title 21 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 2286 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55A: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ADVISORY COMMITTEES / Section 2286: Termination of committees
Termination of committees
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall terminate any advisory committee upon a finding that any such advisory committee—

(1) has expended funds in excess of its estimated annual operating costs by more than 10 per centum or $500, whichever is greater, without the prior approval of the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of section 2285 of this title;

(2) has failed to file all reports required under the provisions of chapter 10 of title 5 or this chapter;

(3) has failed to meet for two consecutive years;

(4) is responsible for functions that otherwise would be or should be performed by Federal employees; or

(5) does not serve or has ceased to serve an essential public function.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVIII, §1806, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1042; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1116(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1271; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(30), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4308.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Par. (2). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 10 of title 5" for "the Federal Advisory Committee Act".

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 substituted provision relating to termination of advisory committees for provision relating to advisory committee charter requirements.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2113 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 53: COTTON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2113: Certification of cotton producer organizations
Certification of cotton producer organizations
Status: in_force

The eligibility of each cotton producer organization to represent cotton producers of a cotton producing State to request the issuance of an order under section 2103 of this title, and to participate in the making of nominations under section 2106(b) of this title shall be certified by the Secretary and shall be based in addition to other available information upon a factual report submitted by the organization which shall contain information deemed relevant and specified by the Secretary for the making of such determination, including the following:

(a) Geographic territory within the State covered by the organization's active membership;

(b) Nature and size of the organization's active membership in the State, proportion of total of such active membership accounted for by farmers, a map showing the cotton-producing counties in such State in which the organization has members, the volume of cotton produced in each such county, the number of cotton producers in each such county, and the size of the organization's active cotton producer membership in each such county;

(c) The extent to which the cotton producer membership of such organization is represented in setting the organization's policies;

(d) Evidence of stability and permanency of the organization;

(e) Sources from which the organization's operating funds are derived;

(f) Functions of the organization; and

(g) The organization's ability and willingness to further the aims and objectives of this chapter:

Provided, however, That the primary consideration in determining the eligibility of an organization shall be whether its cotton farmer membership consists of a sufficiently large number of the cotton producers who produce a relatively significant volume of cotton to reasonably warrant its participation in the nomination of members for the Cotton Board. The Secretary shall certify any cotton producer organization which he finds to be eligible under this section, and his determination as to eligibility shall be final.

(Pub. L. 89–502, §14, July 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 284.)
7 U.S.C. § 910 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter I: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION / Section 910: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §777, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1150
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §777, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1150
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title I, §10, 49 Stat. 1366; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 776, §2, 63 Stat. 948; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §11(1), 90 Stat. 378; Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §235(a)(13), 108 Stat. 3221, required Secretary to present annually to Congress, not later than Apr. 20, report of Secretary's activities under this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1433f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1433f: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(I), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(I), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Status: repealed

Section, act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §427, as added Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–354, title I, §119(a)(1), 108 Stat. 3207, required producer to obtain at least catastrophic risk protection insurance coverage as condition of receiving any benefit (including payments) for each of 1995 and subsequent crops of tobacco, rice, extra long staple cotton, upland cotton, feed grains, wheat, peanuts, oilseeds, and sugar.
7 U.S.C. § 1987 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1987: Debt adjustment and credit counseling; "summary period" defined; loan summary statements
Debt adjustment and credit counseling; "summary period" defined; loan summary statements
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary may provide voluntary debt adjustment assistance between farmers and their creditors and may cooperate with State, territorial, and local agencies and committees engaged in such debt adjustment, and may give credit counseling.

(b)(1) As used in this subsection, the term "summary period" means—

(A) the period beginning on December 23, 1985, and ending on the date on which the first loan summary statement is issued after December 23, 1985; or

(B) the period beginning on the date of issuance of the preceding loan summary statement and ending on the date of issuance of the current loan summary statement.

(2) On the request of a borrower of a loan made or insured (but not guaranteed) under this chapter, the Secretary shall issue to such borrower a loan summary statement that reflects the account activity during the summary period for each loan made or insured under this chapter to such borrower, including—

(A) the outstanding amount of principal due on each such loan at the beginning of the summary period;

(B) the interest rate charged on each such loan;

(C) the amount of payments made on and their application to each such loan during the summary period and an explanation of the basis for the application of such payments;

(D) the amount of principal and interest due on each such loan at the end of the summary period;

(E) the total amount of unpaid principal and interest on all such loans at the end of the summary period;

(F) any delinquency in the repayment of any such loan;

(G) a schedule of the amount and date of payments due on each such loan; and

(H) the procedure the borrower may use to obtain more information concerning the status of such loans.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §337, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIII, §1316, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1528.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).
7 U.S.C. § 411b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 411b: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 411b was editorially reclassified as section 590a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3155 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter III: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS / Section 3155: Agricultural and food policy research centers
Agricultural and food policy research centers
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Consistent with this section, the Secretary shall, acting through the Office of the Chief Economist, make competitive grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements with, policy research centers described in subsection (b) to conduct research and education programs that are objective, operationally independent, and external to the Federal Government and that concern the effect of public policies and trade agreements on—

(1) the farm and agricultural sectors (including commodities, livestock, dairy, and specialty crops);

(2) the environment;

(3) rural families, households, and economies; and

(4) consumers, food, and nutrition.

(b) Eligible recipients

An entity eligible to apply for funding under subsection (a) is a State agricultural experiment station, college or university, or other public research institution or organization that has a history of providing—

(1) unbiased, nonpartisan economic analysis to Congress on the areas specified in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a); or

(2) objective, scientific information to Federal agencies and the public to support and enhance efficient, accurate implementation of Federal drought preparedness and drought response programs, including interagency thresholds used to determine eligibility for mitigation or emergency assistance.

(c) Preference

In making awards under this section, the Secretary shall give a preference to policy research centers that have—

(1) extensive databases, models, and demonstrated experience in providing Congress with agricultural market projections, rural development analysis, agricultural policy analysis, and baseline projections at the farm, multiregional, national, and international levels; or

(2) information, analysis, and research relating to drought mitigation.

(d) Activities

Under this section, funding may be provided for disciplinary and interdisciplinary research and education concerning policy research activities consistent with this section, including activities that—

(1) quantify the implications of public policies and regulations;

(2) develop theoretical and applied research methods;

(3) collect, analyze, and disseminate data for policymakers, analysts, and individuals; and

(4) develop programs to train analysts.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1419A, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §807, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1162; amended Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §224, title III, §301(a)(3), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 540, 562; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7103, 7216, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 432, 449; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7111, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7111, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1980; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7106, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7108, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4783.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(1), substituted "Agricultural and food policy" for "Policy" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(2), substituted "Secretary shall, acting through the Office of the Chief Economist, make competitive grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements with," for "Secretary may make grants, competitive grants, and special research grants to, and enter into cooperative agreements and other contracting instruments with," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(3), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, other research institutions and organizations (including the Food Agricultural Policy Research Institute, the Agricultural and Food Policy Center, the Rural Policy Research Institute, and the National Drought Mitigation Center), private organizations, corporations, and individuals shall be eligible to apply for funding under subsection (a) of this section."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(5), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(4), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(6), inserted "applied" after "theoretical and".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(7), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2012."

Pub. L. 113–79, §7106(4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e).

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §7111(1), inserted "(including commodities, livestock, dairy, and specialty crops)" after "agricultural sectors".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7111(2), inserted "(including the Food Agricultural Policy Research Institute, the Agricultural and Food Policy Center, the Rural Policy Research Institute, and the National Drought Mitigation Center)" after "research institutions and organizations".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §7111(3), substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §7216, substituted "collect, analyze, and disseminate data" for "collect and analyze data".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–171, §7103, substituted "2007" for "2002".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–185, §224, inserted "and trade agreements" after "public policies" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–185, §301(a)(3), substituted "each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002" for "fiscal years 1996 and 1997".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6702 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 96: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE / Section 6702: Study of global climate change, agriculture, and forestry
Study of global climate change, agriculture, and forestry
Status: in_force

(a) Crops

(1) In general

The Secretary shall study the effects of global climate change on agriculture and forestry. The study shall, at a minimum address—

(A) the effects of simultaneous increases in temperature and carbon dioxide on crops of economic significance;

(B) the effects of more frequent or more severe weather events on such crops;

(C) the effects of potential changes in hydrologic regimes on current crop yields;

(D) the economic effects of widespread and increased drought frequency in the south, midwest, and plains States; and

(E) changes in pest problems due to higher temperatures.

(2) Further studies

If the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1) warrant, the Secretary shall conduct further studies that address the means of mitigating the effects of global climate change on crops of economic significance that shall, at a minimum—

(A) identify whether climate change tolerance can be bred into these crops, the amount of time necessary for any such breeding, and the effects on the income of farmers;

(B) evaluate existing genetic resource and breeding programs for crops for their ability to develop new varieties that can tolerate potential climate changes; and

(C) assess the potential for the development of crop varieties that are tolerant to climate changes and other environmental stresses, such as drought, pests, and salinity.

(b) Forests

The Secretary shall conduct a study on the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrocarbons from tropical and temperate forests, the manner in which such emissions may affect global climate change; the manner in which global climate change may affect such emissions; and the manner in which such emissions may be reduced through management practices. The study shall, at a minimum—

(1) obtain measurements of nitrous oxide, methane, and nonmethane hydrocarbons from tropical and temperate forests;

(2) determine the manner in which the nitrous oxide, methane, and nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from temperate and tropical forest systems will respond due to climate change; and

(3) identify and address alternative management strategies for temperate and tropical forests that may mitigate any negative effects of global climate change.

(c) Reports

The Secretary shall submit reports of the studies conducted under subsections (a) and (b) within 3 and 6 years, respectively, after November 28, 1990, to the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate. In addition, interim reports regarding such studies shall be provided by the Secretary to such Committees annually, with recommendations for actions which may be taken to mitigate the negative effects of global climate change and to adapt to global climate changes and related phenomena.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIV, §2403, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4059.)
7 U.S.C. § 1007a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter II: OPERATING LOANS / Section 1007a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act July 1, 1941, ch. 267, §1, 55 Stat. 440, providing that rural rehabilitation loans should be subject to the conditions and penalties prescribed by former sections 1020k and 1020n of Title 12, Banks and Banking, was superseded by the repeal of those sections by act Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §2(a)(2), 60 Stat. 1062. Section was not a part of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which constitutes major part of this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1736s (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736s: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, §1572(3), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, §1572(3), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702
Status: repealed

Section 1736s, Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1124, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1481; Pub. L. 99–260, §5, Mar. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 49; Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4304, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1397; Pub. L. 101–239, title I, §1005(b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2109, provided for targeted export assistance for fiscal years 1986 through 1990.

Section 1736t, Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1125, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1482; Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4402(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1400, provided for short-term export credits.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Export Credit Guarantee Program

Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4305, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1398, which stated the sense of Congress that, to the extent that the Commodity Credit Corporation made a specified allocation of credit guarantees available under the export credit guarantee program referred to in section 1736t for short-term credit extended to finance the export sales of United States agricultural commodities and products, such allocation was to be made on a country-only basis and not on a commodity basis or a commodity and country basis, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1571, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702.
7 U.S.C. § 1314b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1314b: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(a), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522
Status: repealed

Section 1314b, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §316, as added Pub. L. 87–200, Sept. 6, 1961, 75 Stat. 469; amended Pub. L. 87–530, July 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 151; Pub. L. 87–824, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 88–68, July 19, 1963, 77 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 88–80, July 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 88–469, §§1, 2, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 89–29, May 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 118; Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §703, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 89–471, June 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 90–6, Mar. 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 90–52, July 7, 1967, 81 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 90–559, §1(1), Oct. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 91–284, §§1–4, June 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 92–311, June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 93–80, Aug. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 178; Pub. L. 93–464, Oct. 24, 1974, 88 Stat. 1416; Pub. L. 94–445, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 95–54, June 25, 1977, 91 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §201, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §§205(a), 206, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1145, 1147; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1112(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–7; Pub. L. 101–134, §2(b), Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 106–78, title VIII, §803(c)(6)(A), (B), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1177, 1178; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1611(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 218, related to lease or sale of acreage allotments.

Section 1314b–1, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §316A, as added Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §202, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 205; amended Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §207(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1148, related to mandatory sale of certain Flue-cured tobacco acreage allotments and marketing quotas.

Section 1314b–2, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §316B, as added Pub. L. 97–218, title III, §302, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 210; amended Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §207(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1148, related to mandatory sale of certain Burley tobacco acreage allotments and marketing quotas.

Section 1314c, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §317, as added Pub. L. 89–12, §1, Apr. 16, 1965, 79 Stat. 66; amended Pub. L. 91–284, §5, June 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §§203, 205(a), 206(b), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 205–207; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §§205(b), 208–210, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1147–1149; Pub. L. 99–182, §4, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 99–241, §1, Jan. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §§1103(b), 1104(c), 1105(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 86, 89, 90; Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1112(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–8; Pub. L. 101–134, §2(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1106(d)(2), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 323; Pub. L. 103–437, §4(a)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4581, related to acreage-poundage quotas.

Section 1314d, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §318, as added Pub. L. 90–51, §1, July 7, 1967, 81 Stat. 120; amended Pub. L. 90–387, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 293; Pub. L. 92–144, Oct. 23, 1971, 85 Stat. 393; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §212(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 102–566, §1, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4269; Pub. L. 106–224, title II, §204(b)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 402, related to transfers involving fire-cured, dark air-cured, and Virginia sun-cured tobacco.

Section 1314e, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §319, as added Pub. L. 92–10, §1, Apr. 14, 1971, 85 Stat. 23; amended Pub. L. 97–218, title III, §303(b)–(j), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 211–214; Pub. L. 98–59, §2, July 25, 1983, 97 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §211, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 99–241, §2, Jan. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §§1103(c), 1104(b), (d), 1105(a)(2), 1107, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 86, 89–91; Pub. L. 100–387, title III, §304(a)(1), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 101–134, §2(a)(1), Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 101–577, §2(a), (b), (d), (e), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2856, 2857; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §116(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1840; Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1106(d)(1), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 323; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §755(a), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 106–224, title II, §204(b)(9)–(12), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §765(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 47, related to farm poundage quotas for certain kinds of tobacco.

Section 1314f, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320, as added Pub. L. 93–411, Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1089; amended Pub. L. 95–592, §17, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2534; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1108, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §204, July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 206, related to nonquota tobacco subject to quota.

Section 1314g, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320A, as added Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1103(d), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 88, related to submission of purchase intentions by cigarette manufacturers.

Section 1314h, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320B, as added Pub. L. 99–272, title I, §1106(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 90; amended Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §613, Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1524, related to purchase requirements and penalty for failure to meet them.

Section 1314i, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320C, as added Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1106(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 318; amended Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §422(a), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4964, related to quantity of tobacco grown in the United States that is required to be used by a cigarette manufacturer.

Section 1314j, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §320D, as added Pub. L. 106–47, §1, Aug. 13, 1999, 113 Stat. 228, and Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §755(b), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1170; amended Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §211], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–295, related to release of tobacco production and marketing information.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this subpart with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.

Tobacco Definition and Increase of Marketing Quotas and Acreage Allotments To Meet Demand Unaffected by Acreage-Poundage Marketing Quotas and Price Support Provisions

Pub. L. 89–12, §4, Apr. 16, 1965, 79 Stat. 72, which provided that nothing in the Act could be construed as affecting the authority or responsibility of the Secretary of Agriculture under former sections 1301(b)(15) or 1313(i) of this title with respect to providing that different types of tobacco were to be treated as different kinds of tobacco, or with respect to increasing allotments or quotas for farms producing certain types of tobacco, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §§611(n), 643, Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523, 1536, applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco.
7 U.S.C. § 2206b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2206b: Availability of excess and surplus computers in rural areas
Availability of excess and surplus computers in rural areas
Status: in_force

In addition to any other authority, the Secretary of Agriculture may make available to an organization excess or surplus computers or other technical equipment of the Department of Agriculture for the purposes of distribution to a city, town, or local government entity in a rural area (as defined in section 1991(a)(13)(A) of this title).

(Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14220, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1483; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14220, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2245.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1316 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1316: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(p), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(p), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §703, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1210; Pub. L. 91–284, §6, June 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 97–218, title II, §205(b), July 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 206, related to transfer of allotments subsequent to 1965.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Savings Provision

Repeal not to affect the liability of any person under this section with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 178j (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter II: CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Section 178j: Laws governing inventions under this subchapter
Laws governing inventions under this subchapter
Status: in_force

Relative to the definitions of, title to, and licensing of inventions made or conceived in the course of or under any contract or grant pursuant to this subchapter, and notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the provisions of sections 5908 and 5909 of title 42 shall govern.

(Pub. L. 95–592, §12, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2533.)
7 U.S.C. § 923 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter II: RURAL TELEPHONE SERVICE / Section 923: State regulation of telephone service
State regulation of telephone service
Status: in_force

Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to deprive any State commission, board, or other agency of jurisdiction, under any State law, now or hereafter effective, to regulate telephone service which is not subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission, under the Communications Act of 1934 [47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.], including the rates for such service.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title II, §202, as added Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 776, §5, 63 Stat. 948.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in text, is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telecommunications. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 1292 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter I: ADJUSTMENT IN FREIGHT RATES, NEW USES AND MARKETS, AND DISPOSITION OF SURPLUSES / Section 1292: New uses and markets for commodities
New uses and markets for commodities
Status: in_force

(a) Regional research laboratories

The Secretary is authorized and directed to establish, equip, and maintain four regional research laboratories, one in each major farm producing area, and, at such laboratories, to conduct researches into and to develop new scientific, chemical, and technical uses and new and extended markets and outlets for farm commodities and products and byproducts thereof. Such research and development shall be devoted primarily to those farm commodities in which there are regular or seasonal surpluses, and their products and byproducts.

(b) Acquisition of land for laboratories; donations

For the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to acquire land and interests therein, and to accept in the name of the United States donations of any property, real or personal, to any laboratory established pursuant to this section, and to utilize voluntary or uncompensated services at such laboratories. Donations to any one of such laboratories shall not be available for use by any other of such laboratories.

(c) Cooperation with governmental agencies, associations, etc.

In carrying out the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized and directed to cooperate with other departments or agencies of the Federal Government, States, State agricultural experiment stations, and other State agencies and institutions, counties, municipalities, business or other organizations, corporations, associations, universities, scientific societies, and individuals, upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe.

(d) Appropriation for purposes of subsection (a)

To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to utilize in each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1938, a sum not to exceed $4,000,000 of the funds appropriated pursuant to section 1391 of this title, or section 590o of title 16, for such fiscal year. The Secretary shall allocate one-fourth of such sum annually to each of the four laboratories established pursuant to this section.

(e) Repealed. Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(3), 68 Stat. 966

(f) Appropriation to Secretary of Commerce

There is allocated to the Secretary of Commerce for each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1938, out of funds appropriated for such fiscal year pursuant to section 1391 of this title, or section 590o of title 16 the sum of $1,000,000 to be expended for the promotion of the sale of farm commodities and products thereof in such manner as he shall direct. Of the sum allocated under this subsection to the Secretary of Commerce for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1938, $100,000 shall be devoted to making a survey and investigation of the cause or causes of the reduction in exports of agricultural commodities from the United States, in order to ascertain methods by which the sales in foreign countries of basic agricultural commodities produced in the United States may be increased.

(g) Duty of Secretary

It shall be the duty of the Secretary to use available funds to stimulate and widen the use of all farm commodities in the United States and to increase in every practical way the flow of such commodities and the products thereof into the markets of the world.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title II, §202, 52 Stat. 37; Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(3), 68 Stat. 966.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1954—Subsec. (e). Act Aug. 30, 1954, repealed subsec. (e) which required reports to Congress of the activities of, expenditures by, and donations to, the laboratories established pursuant to subsec. (a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Wheat Research and Promotion Act

Pub. L. 91–430, Sept. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 885, provided:

"[Section 1. Short Title]. That this Act shall be known as the 'Wheat Research and Promotion Act.'

"Sec. 2 [Contract authority; sale of export marketing certificates and pro rata share of such certificates for financing agreements; rules and regulations]. The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to enter into agreements with organizations of wheat growers, farm organizations, and such other organizations as he may deem appropriate to carry out a program of research and promotion designed to expand domestic and foreign markets and increase utilization for United States wheat and to carry out any other such program which he deems will benefit wheat producers in the United States. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall use the total net proceeds from the sale of export marketing certificates during the marketing year ending June 30, 1969, to finance the cost of such agreements, except that he shall provide for the issuance of a pro rata share of export marketing certificates for such marketing year to any producer eligible therefor under section 379c of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [section 1379c of this title], who applies for such certificates not later than ninety days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1970]. The Secretary is authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act."
7 U.S.C. § 1906 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 48: HUMANE METHODS OF LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTER / Section 1906: Exemption of ritual slaughter
Exemption of ritual slaughter
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit, abridge, or in any way hinder the religious freedom of any person or group. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, in order to protect freedom of religion, ritual slaughter and the handling or other preparation of livestock for ritual slaughter are exempted from the terms of this chapter. For the purposes of this section the term "ritual slaughter" means slaughter in accordance with section 1902(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 85–765, §6, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 864.)
7 U.S.C. § 3810 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 69: SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 3810: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title IX, §914(b)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1186
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title IX, §914(b)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1186
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 96–468, §11, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2233, authorized Secretary to appoint and consult with advisory committees concerning matters within scope of this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 4510 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 76: DAIRY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Subchapter I: DAIRY PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 4510: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) Restraining order; civil action; minor violation

The district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, any order or regulation made or issued under this subchapter. Any civil action authorized to be brought under this subsection shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action, except that the Secretary is not required to refer to the Attorney General minor violations of this subchapter whenever the Secretary believes that the administration and enforcement of this subchapter would be adequately served by suitable written notice or warning to any person committing such violation.

(b) Civil penalties

Any person who willfully violates any provision of any order issued by the Secretary under this subchapter shall be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $1,000 for each such violation and, in the case of a willful failure to pay, collect, or remit the assessment as required by the order, in addition to the amount due, a penalty equal to the amount of the assessment on the quantity of milk as to which the failure applies. The amount of any such penalty shall accrue to the United States and may be recovered in a civil suit brought by the United States.

(c) Availability of other remedies

The remedies provided in subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may be available.

(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §119, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1142.)
7 U.S.C. § 323 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter II: COLLEGE-AID ANNUAL APPROPRIATION / Section 323: Racial discrimination by colleges restricted
Racial discrimination by colleges restricted
Status: in_force

No money shall be paid out under this subchapter to any State or Territory for the support or maintenance of a college where a distinction of race or color is made in the admission of students, but the establishment and maintenance of such colleges separately for white and colored students shall be held to be a compliance with the provisions of said sections if the funds received in such State or Territory be equitably divided as hereinafter set forth: Provided, That in any State in which there has been one college established in pursuance of subchapter I of this chapter, and also in which an educational institution of like character has been established, or may be hereafter established, and is on August 30, 1890, aided by such State from its own revenue, for the education of colored students in agriculture and the mechanic arts, however named or styled, or whether or not it has received money prior to August 30, 1890, under said subchapter I, the legislature of such State may propose and report to the Secretary of Agriculture a just and equitable division of the fund to be received under this subchapter between one college for white students and one institution for colored students established as aforesaid, which shall be divided into two parts and paid accordingly, and thereupon such institution for colored students shall be entitled to the benefits of said sections and subject to their provisions, as much as it would have been if it had been included under subchapter I of this chapter, and the fulfillment of the foregoing provisions shall be taken as a compliance with the provision in reference to separate colleges for white and colored students.

(Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, §1, 26 Stat. 417; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(2)(E), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1419, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1306.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section constitutes part of section 1 of act Aug. 30, 1890. Remainder of section 1 is classified to section 322 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions under this section to Secretary of Agriculture, see note set out under section 321 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 950aaa (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31A: TELEMEDICINE AND DISTANCE LEARNING SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS / Section 950aaa: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to encourage and improve telemedicine services and distance learning services in rural areas through the use of telecommunications, computer networks, and related advanced technologies by students, teachers, medical professionals, and rural residents.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2331, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §704, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1108.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section by section 1(b) of Pub. L. 102–551, see Termination of Chapter note set out below.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 950aaa, Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2331, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4017, provided purposes of chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Chapter

Pub. L. 102–551, §1(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4100, as amended by Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6203(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 110–234, title VI, §6201(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1206, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VI, §6201(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1967; Pub. L. 113–79, title VI, §6201(b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 856; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6102(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4728, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, chapter 1 of subtitle D of title XXIII of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 950aaa et seq.), including the amendments made by this section [enacting section 950aaa–5 of this title and amending section 950aaa–4 of this title], shall be effective until September 30, 2023."

[The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, as in effect on Sept. 30, 2024, to continue, and authorities to be carried out, until the later of Sept. 30, 2025, the date specified in the provision of, or amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, or the date in effect pursuant to section 102 of Pub. L. 118–22 (7 U.S.C. 9001 note), see section 4101(a) of Pub. L. 118–158, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.]
7 U.S.C. § 7625 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7625: National Food Safety Training, Education, Extension, Outreach, and Technical Assistance Program
National Food Safety Training, Education, Extension, Outreach, and Technical Assistance Program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall award grants under this section to carry out the competitive grant program established under section 399c(d) 1 of title 21, pursuant to any memoranda of understanding entered into under such section.

(b) Integrated approach

The grant program described under subsection (a) shall be carried out under this section in a manner that facilitates the integration of food safety standards and guidance with the variety of agricultural production systems, encompassing conventional, sustainable, organic, and conservation and environmental practices.

(c) Priority

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to projects that target small and medium-sized farms, beginning farmers, socially disadvantaged farmers, veteran farmers or ranchers (as defined in section 2279(a) of this title), small processors, or small fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers.

(d) Program coordination

(1) In general

The Secretary shall coordinate implementation of the grant program under this section with the National Integrated Food Safety Initiative.

(2) Interaction

The Secretary shall—

(A) in carrying out the grant program under this section, take into consideration applied research, education, and extension results obtained from the National Integrated Food Safety Initiative; and

(B) in determining the applied research agenda for the National Integrated Food Safety Initiative, take into consideration the needs articulated by participants in projects funded by the program under this section.

(e) Grants

(1) In general

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall make competitive grants to support training, education, extension, outreach, and technical assistance projects that will help improve public health by increasing the understanding and adoption of established food safety standards, guidance, and protocols.

(2) Encouraged features

The Secretary shall encourage projects carried out using grant funds under this section to include co-management of food safety, conservation systems, and ecological health.

(3) Term of grant

A grant under this section shall have a term that is not more than 3 years.

(f) Grant eligibility

(1) In general

To be eligible for a grant under this section, an entity shall be—

(A) a State cooperative extension service;

(B) a Federal, State, local, or tribal agency, a nonprofit community-based or non-governmental organization, or an organization representing owners and operators of farms, small food processors, or small fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers that has a commitment to public health and expertise in administering programs that contribute to food safety;

(C) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001(a) of title 20) or a foundation maintained by an institution of higher education;

(D) a collaboration of 2 of more eligible entities described in this subsection; or

(E) such other appropriate entity, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) Multistate partnerships

Grants under this section may be made for projects involving more than 1 State.

(g) Regional balance

In making grants under this section, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure—

(1) geographic diversity; and

(2) diversity of types of agricultural production.

(h) Technical assistance

The Secretary may use funds made available under this section to provide technical assistance to grant recipients to further the purposes of this section.

(i) Best practices and model programs

Based on evaluations of, and responses arising from, projects funded under this section, the Secretary may issue a set of recommended best practices and models for food safety training programs for agricultural producers, small food processors, and small fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers.

(j) Authorization of appropriations

For the purposes of making grants under this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §405, as added Pub. L. 111–353, title II, §209(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3947; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7301, title XII, §12306(e), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4815, 4970.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 399c(d) of title 21, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "section 1011(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" and was translated as meaning section 1011(d) of the Act as added by Pub. L. 111–353, title II, §209(a), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3945, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Section 399c of title 21 was renumbered section 1012 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act by Pub. L. 114–255, div. A, title III, §3073(b)(2), Dec. 13, 2016, 130 Stat. 1137. Another section 1011 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as added by Pub. L. 111–148, title III, §3509(g), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 536 is classified to section 399b of Title 21, Food and Drugs, but does not contain a subsec. (d).

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7625, Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §405, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 572; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7130, 7207(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 435, 440, related to the Thomas Jefferson Initiative for Crop Diversification, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7305, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1242, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7305, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2003. Repeal of prior section 7625 and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–334, §12306(e), inserted "veteran farmers or ranchers (as defined in section 2279(a) of this title)," after "socially disadvantaged farmers,".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §7301(a), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) related to maximum term and size of grant.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 115–334, §7301(b), substituted "there is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023." for "there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2011 through 2015."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Construction

Nothing in this section to be construed to apply to certain alcohol-related facilities, to alter jurisdiction and authorities established under certain other Acts, or in a manner inconsistent with international agreements to which the United States is a party, see sections 2206, 2251, and 2252 of Title 21, Food and Drugs.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 5925d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5925d: International organic research collaboration
International organic research collaboration
Status: in_force

The Secretary, acting through the Agricultural Research Service (including the National Agricultural Library) and the Economic Research Service, shall facilitate access by research and extension professionals, farmers, and other interested persons in the United States to, and the use by those persons of, organic research conducted outside the United States.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7408, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 461.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 7401(1) of Pub. L. 107–171, set out as a note under section 3319b of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 619 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 619: Collection of tax; provisions of internal revenue laws applicable; returns
Collection of tax; provisions of internal revenue laws applicable; returns
Status: in_force

(a) The taxes provided in this chapter shall be collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury. Such taxes shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States.

(b) All provisions of law, including penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 600 of the Revenue Act of 1926, and the provisions of section 626 of the Revenue Act of 1932, shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, be applicable in respect of taxes imposed by this chapter: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to permit postponement, for a period not exceeding one hundred and eighty days, of the payment of not exceeding three-fourths of the amount of the taxes covered by any return under this chapter, but postponement of all taxes covered by returns under this chapter for a period not exceeding one hundred and eighty days may be permitted in cases in which the Secretary of the Treasury authorizes such taxes to be paid each month on the amount of the commodity marketed during the next preceding month.

(c) Repealed. June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(d), 61 Stat. 208.

(d) Under regulations made by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, any person required pursuant to the provisions of this chapter to file a return may be required to file such return and pay the tax shown to be due thereon to the collector of internal revenue for the district in which the processing was done or the liability was incurred. Whenever the Commissioner of Internal Revenue deems it necessary, he may require any person or class of persons handling or dealing in any commodity or product thereof, with respect to which a tax is imposed under the provisions of this chapter, to make a return, render under oath such statements, or to keep such records, as the Commissioner deems sufficient to show whether or not such person, or any other person, is liable for the tax.

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §19, 48 Stat. 41; June 26, 1934, ch. 759, §3, 48 Stat. 1242; Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §29, 49 Stat. 770; June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(d), 61 Stat. 208.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Provisions of section 600 of the Revenue Act of 1926 and section 626 of the Revenue Act of 1932, referred to in subsec. (b), were incorporated in sections 2700, 2704, and 3448 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 1939. See sections 4181, 4182, 4216, 4224, 5831, 6151 and 6601 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, 1986.

Constitutionality

Unconstitutionality of processing and floor stock taxes, see note set out under section 616 of this title.

Amendments

1947—Subsec. (c). Act June 30, 1947, repealed subsec. (c) which related to loans by Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

1935—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 24, 1935, §29(a), among other changes, inserted at end of proviso "but postponement of all taxes covered by returns under this chapter for a period not exceeding one hundred and eighty days may be permitted in cases in which the Secretary of the Treasury authorizes such taxes to be paid each month on the amount of the commodity marketed during the next preceding month".

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 24, 1935, §29(b), added subsec. (d).

1934—Subsec. (b). Act June 26, 1934, substituted "one hundred and eighty" for "ninety".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Separability

Validity of remainder of this chapter as not affected should any of the provisions of this chapter be declared unconstitutional, see section 614 of this title.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Office of Internal Revenue Collector abolished by 1952 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §1, eff. Mar. 14, 1952, 17 F.R. 2243, 66 Stat. 823, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and by section 2 thereof a new office of district commissioner of internal revenue was established. Section 4 of the Plan transferred all functions, that had been vested by statute in any officer or employee of Bureau of Internal Revenue since effective date of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, §§1, 2, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, 1281, to Secretary of the Treasury.

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury, and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of those officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. Collector and Commissioner of Internal Revenue, referred to in this section, are officers of Department of the Treasury.
7 U.S.C. § 7622 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7622: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7302, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1242, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7302, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2003
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7302, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1242, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7302, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2003
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §402, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 566; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7123, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434, related to partnerships for high-value agricultural product quality research.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1747 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 42: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SET-ASIDE / Section 1747: Authorization of appropriations; determination of value of transferred commodity
Authorization of appropriations; determination of value of transferred commodity
Status: in_force

In order to make payment to the Commodity Credit Corporation for any commodities transferred to the national stockpile pursuant to section 1743(a)(4) of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated amounts equal to the value of any commodities so transferred. The value of any commodity so transferred, for the purpose of this section, shall be the lower of the domestic market price or the Commodity Credit Corporation's investment therein as of the date of transfer to the stockpile, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture

(Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title I, §107, 68 Stat. 898.)
7 U.S.C. § 1359aa (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1359aa: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subpart:

(1) Human consumption

The term "human consumption", when used in the context of a reference to sugar (whether in the form of sugar, in-process sugar, syrup, molasses, or in some other form) for human consumption, includes sugar for use in human food, beverages, or similar products.

(2) Mainland State

The term "mainland State" means a State other than an offshore State.

(3) Market

(A) In general

The term "market" means to sell or otherwise dispose of in commerce in the United States.

(B) Inclusions

The term "market" includes—

(i) the forfeiture of sugar under the loan program for sugar established under section 7272 of this title;

(ii) with respect to any integrated processor and refiner, the movement of raw cane sugar into the refining process; and

(iii) the sale of sugar for the production of ethanol or other bioenergy product, if the disposition of the sugar is administered by the Secretary under section 8110 of this title.

(C) Marketing year

Forfeited sugar described in subparagraph (B)(i) shall be considered to have been marketed during the crop year for which a loan is made under the loan program described in that subparagraph.

(4) Offshore State

The term "offshore State" means a sugarcane producing State located outside of the continental United States.

(5) State

Notwithstanding section 1301 of this title, the term "State" means—

(A) a State;

(B) the District of Columbia; and

(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(6) United States

The term "United States", when used in a geographical sense, means all of the States.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §359a, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1403, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 187; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1403(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1403(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1709.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1359aa, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §359a, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title IX, §902, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3479; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §111(c), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1830, related to information reporting with respect to sugar and crystalline fructose marketing quotas, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 107–171.

A prior section 359a of act Feb. 16, 1938, was renumbered section 359e and was classified to section 1359a of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–171.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §1403(a), added pars. (1) and (3) and redesignated former pars. (1) to (4) as (2), (4), (5), and (6), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7711 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 104: PLANT PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT PROTECTION / Section 7711: Regulation of movement of plant pests
Regulation of movement of plant pests
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition of unauthorized movement of plant pests

Except as provided in subsection (c), no person shall import, enter, export, or move in interstate commerce any plant pest, unless the importation, entry, exportation, or movement is authorized under general or specific permit and is in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may issue to prevent the introduction of plant pests into the United States or the dissemination of plant pests within the United States.

(b) Requirements for processes

The Secretary shall ensure that the processes used in developing regulations under subsection (a) governing consideration of import requests are based on sound science and are transparent and accessible.

(c) Authorization of movement of plant pests by regulation

(1) Exception to permit requirement

The Secretary may issue regulations to allow the importation, entry, exportation, or movement in interstate commerce of specified plant pests without further restriction if the Secretary finds that a permit under subsection (a) is not necessary.

(2) Petition to add or remove plant pests from regulation

Any person may petition the Secretary to add a plant pest to, or remove a plant pest from, the regulations issued by the Secretary under paragraph (1).

(3) Response to petition by the Secretary

In the case of a petition submitted under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall act on the petition within a reasonable time and notify the petitioner of the final action the Secretary takes on the petition. The Secretary's determination on the petition shall be based on sound science.

(d) Prohibition of unauthorized mailing of plant pests

(1) In general

Any letter, parcel, box, or other package containing any plant pest, whether sealed as letter-rate postal matter or not, is nonmailable and shall not knowingly be conveyed in the mail or delivered from any post office or by any mail carrier, unless the letter, parcel, box, or other package is mailed in compliance with such regulations as the Secretary may issue to prevent the dissemination of plant pests into the United States or interstate.

(2) Application of postal laws and regulations

Nothing in this subsection authorizes any person to open any mailed letter or other mailed sealed matter except in accordance with the postal laws and regulations.

(e) Regulations

Regulations issued by the Secretary to implement subsections (a), (c), and (d) may include provisions requiring that any plant pest imported, entered, to be exported, moved in interstate commerce, mailed, or delivered from any post office—

(1) be accompanied by a permit issued by the Secretary prior to the importation, entry, exportation, movement in interstate commerce, mailing, or delivery of the plant pest;

(2) be accompanied by a certificate of inspection issued (in a manner and form required by the Secretary) by appropriate officials of the country or State from which the plant pest is to be moved;

(3) be raised under post-entry quarantine conditions by or under the supervision of the Secretary for the purposes of determining whether the plant pest—

(A) may be infested with other plant pests;

(B) may pose a significant risk of causing injury to, damage to, or disease in any plant or plant product; or

(C) may be a noxious weed; and

(4) be subject to remedial measures the Secretary determines to be necessary to prevent the spread of plant pests.

(Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, §411, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 440.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 1388 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1388: Utilization of local agencies
Utilization of local agencies
Status: in_force

(a) Designation of local agencies and local administrative areas

The provisions of sections 590h(b) and 590k of title 16, relating to the utilization of State, county, local committees, the extension service, and other approved agencies, and to recognition and encouragement of cooperative associations, shall apply in the administration of this chapter; and the Secretary shall, for such purposes, utilize the same local, county, and State committees as are utilized under sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16. The local administrative areas designated under section 590h(b) of title 16, for the administration of programs under chapter 3B of title 16, and the local administrative areas designated for the administration of this chapter shall be the same.

(b) Payments to county committees for administrative expenses

(1) The Secretary is authorized and directed, from any funds made available for the purposes of this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16 in connection with which county committees are utilized, to make payments to county committees of farmers to cover the estimated administrative expenses incurred or to be incurred by them in cooperating in carrying out the provisions of this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16. All or part of such estimated administrative expenses of any such committee may be deducted pro rata from chapter 3B of title 16 payments, parity payments, or loans, or other payments under this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16, made unless payment of such expenses is otherwise provided by law. The Secretary may make such payments to such committees in advance of determination of performance by farmers.

(2)(A) The Secretary shall provide compensation to members of such county committees (at not less than the level in effect on December 31, 1985 for county committees) for work actually performed by such persons in cooperating in carrying out this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16 in connection with which such committees are used.

(B) The rate of compensation received by such persons for such work on December 23, 1985, shall be increased at the discretion of the Secretary.

(c) Travel expenses

(1) The Secretary shall make payments to members of local, county, and State committees to cover expenses for travel incurred by such persons (including, in the case of a member of a local or county committee, travel between the home of such member and the local county office of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service) in cooperating in carrying out this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16 in connection with which such Committees 1 are used.

(2) Such travel expenses shall be paid in the manner authorized under section 5703 of title 5 for the payment of expenses and allowances for individuals employed intermittently in the Federal Government service.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §388, 52 Stat. 68; Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1713(a), (b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1636, 1637.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Chapter 3B [§590a et seq.] of title 16, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.

Amendments

1985—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 99–198 designated existing provisions of subsec. (b) as par. (1), added par. (2), and added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1713(c), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1637, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on January 1, 1986."

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.
7 U.S.C. § 24 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 24: Customer property with respect to commodity broker debtors; definitions
Customer property with respect to commodity broker debtors; definitions
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations respecting commodity broker debtors

Notwithstanding title 11, the Commission may provide, with respect to a commodity broker that is a debtor under chapter 7 of title 11, by rule or regulation—

(1) that certain cash, securities, other property, or commodity contracts are to be included in or excluded from customer property or member property;

(2) that certain cash, securities, other property, or commodity contracts are to be specifically identifiable to a particular customer in a specific capacity;

(3) the method by which the business of such commodity broker is to be conducted or liquidated after the date of the filing of the petition under such chapter, including the payment and allocation of margin with respect to commodity contracts not specifically identifiable to a particular customer pending their orderly liquidation;

(4) any persons to which customer property and commodity contracts may be transferred under section 766 of title 11; and

(5) how the net equity of a customer is to be determined.

(b) Definitions

As used in this section, the terms "commodity broker", "commodity contract", "customer", "customer property", "member property", "net equity", and "security" have the meanings assigned such terms for the purposes of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of title 11.

(c) Portfolio margining accounts

The Commission shall exercise its authority to ensure that securities held in a portfolio margining account carried as a futures account are customer property and the owners of those accounts are customers for the purposes of subchapter IV of chapter 7 of title 11.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §20, formerly §19, as added Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §302, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2673; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 97–222, §20, July 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, §713(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1647.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–203 added subsec. (c).

1982—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–222, §20(b), inserted ", including the payment and allocation of margin with respect to commodity contracts not specifically identifiable to a particular customer pending their orderly liquidation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 1a of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as a note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
7 U.S.C. § 136f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6: INSECTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Subchapter II: ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Section 136f: Books and records
Books and records
Status: in_force

(a) Requirements

The Administrator may prescribe regulations requiring producers, registrants, and applicants for registration to maintain such records with respect to their operations and the pesticides and devices produced as the Administrator determines are necessary for the effective enforcement of this subchapter and to make the records available for inspection and copying in the same manner as provided in subsection (b). No records required under this subsection shall extend to financial data, sales data other than shipment data, pricing data, personnel data, and research data (other than data relating to registered pesticides or to a pesticide for which an application for registration has been filed).

(b) Inspection

For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this subchapter, any producer, distributor, carrier, dealer, or any other person who sells or offers for sale, delivers or offers for delivery any pesticide or device subject to this subchapter, shall, upon request of any officer or employee of the Environmental Protection Agency or of any State or political subdivision, duly designated by the Administrator, furnish or permit such person at all reasonable times to have access to, and to copy: (1) all records showing the delivery, movement, or holding of such pesticide or device, including the quantity, the date of shipment and receipt, and the name of the consignor and consignee; or (2) in the event of the inability of any person to produce records containing such information, all other records and information relating to such delivery, movement, or holding of the pesticide or device. Any inspection with respect to any records and information referred to in this subsection shall not extend to financial data, sales data other than shipment data, pricing data, personnel data; and research data (other than data relating to registered pesticides or to a pesticide for which an application for registration has been filed). Before undertaking an inspection under this subsection, the officer or employee must present to the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the establishment or other place where pesticides or devices are held for distribution or sale, appropriate credentials and a written statement as to the reason for the inspection, including a statement as to whether a violation of the law is suspected. If no violation is suspected, an alternate and sufficient reason shall be given in writing. Each such inspection shall be commenced and completed with reasonable promptness.

(June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §8, as added Pub. L. 92–516, §2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 987; amended Pub. L. 95–396, §14, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 829; Pub. L. 100–532, title III, §301, Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2668; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1006(b)(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1895.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 8 of act June 25, 1947, was classified to section 135f of this title prior to amendment of act June 25, 1947, by Pub. L. 92–516.

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "the Administrator" for "he" before "determines".

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–532 inserted ", registrants, and applicants for registration" after "requiring producers" and "and to make the records available for inspection and copying in the same manner as provided in subsection (b) of this section" before period at end of first sentence.

1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–396 required, in connection with inspection of records and information, the presentation of credentials, written statement as to the reason for inspection, including statement of suspected violation, or an alternative but sufficient reason, and commencement and completion of inspection with reasonable promptness.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–532 effective on expiration of 60 days after Oct. 25, 1988, see section 901 of Pub. L. 100–532, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–516, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 415c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 415c: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act May 17, 1928, ch. 602, §2, 45 Stat. 593, related to dissemination of information relating to wool and to the grading of wool, and was omitted from the Code as obsolete.
7 U.S.C. § 852 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 30: ANTI-HOG-CHOLERA SERUM AND HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS / Section 852: Marketing agreements with handlers; exemption from antitrust laws
Marketing agreements with handlers; exemption from antitrust laws
Status: in_force

In order to effectuate the policy declared in section 851 of this title the Secretary of Agriculture shall have the power, after due notice and opportunity for hearing, to enter into marketing agreements with manufacturers and others engaged in the handling of anti-hog-cholera serum and hog-cholera virus only with respect to such handling as is in the current of interstate or foreign commerce or which directly burdens, obstructs, or affects interstate or foreign commerce in such serum and virus. Such persons are in section 854 of this title referred to as "handlers." The making of any such agreement shall not be held to be in violation of any of the antitrust laws of the United States, and any such agreement shall be deemed to be lawful.

(Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §57, 49 Stat. 781.)