7 U.S.C. § 3801 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 69: SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 3801: Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

The Congress hereby finds and declares that—

(1) raw garbage is one of the primary media through which numerous infectious or communicable diseases of swine are transmitted;

(2) if certain exotic animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, African swine fever, hog cholera, and swine vesicular diseases, gain entrance into the United States, such diseases may be spread through the medium of raw or improperly treated garbage which is fed to swine;

(3) African swine fever, which is potentially the most dangerous and destructive of all communicable swine diseases, has been confirmed in several countries of the Western Hemisphere, including the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Cuba;

(4) swine in the United States have no resistance to any of such exotic diseases and in the case of African swine fever there is a particular danger because there are no effective vaccines to this deadly disease;

(5) all articles and animals which are regulated under this chapter are either in interstate or foreign commerce or substantially affect such commerce, and regulation by the Secretary and cooperation by the States and other jurisdictions as contemplated by this chapter are necessary to prevent and eliminate burdens upon such commerce, to effectively regulate such commerce, and to protect the health and welfare of the people of the United States;

(6) the interstate and foreign commerce in swine and swine products and producers and consumers of pork products could be severely injured economically if any exotic animal diseases, particularly African swine fever, enter this country;

(7) it is impossible to assure that all garbage fed to swine is properly treated to kill disease organisms unless such treatment is closely regulated;

(8) therefore, in order to protect the commerce of the United States and the health and welfare of the people of this country, it is necessary to regulate the treatment of garbage to be fed to swine and the feeding thereof in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 96–468, §2, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2229.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 96–468, §1, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2229, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Swine Health Protection Act'."
7 U.S.C. § 1581 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter III: FOREIGN COMMERCE / Section 1581: Prohibitions relating to importations
Prohibitions relating to importations
Status: in_force

The importation into the United States is prohibited of—

(1) any agricultural or vegetable seeds if any such seed contains noxious-weed seeds or the labeling of which is false or misleading in any respect;

(2) screenings of any seeds subject to this subchapter (except that this shall not apply to screenings of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, field corn, sorghum, broomcorn, flax, millet, proso, soybeans, cowpeas, field peas, or field beans, which are not imported for seeding purposes and are declared for cleaning, processing, or manufacturing purposes, and not for seeding purposes);

(3) any seed containing 10 per centum or more of any agricultural or vegetable seeds, unless the invoice pertaining to such seed and any other labeling of such seed bear a lot identification and the name of each kind and variety of vegetable seed present in any amount and each kind or kind and variety of agricultural seed present in excess of 5 per centum of the whole, and unless in the case of hybrid seed present in excess of 5 per centum of the whole it is designated as hybrid.1

(4) any agricultural seeds or any mixture thereof, or any vegetable seeds or any mixture thereof, for seeding purposes, that have been treated, unless each container thereof bears a label giving the following information and statements in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title:

(A) A word or statement indicating that the seeds have been treated;

(B) The commonly accepted coined, chemical (generic), or abbreviated chemical name of any substance used in such treatment;

(C) If the substance used in such treatment in the amount remaining with the seeds is harmful to humans or other vertebrate animals, an appropriate caution statement approved by the Secretary of Agriculture as adequate for the protection of the public, such as "Do not use for food or feed or oil purposes"; Provided, That the caution statement for mercurials and similarly toxic substances, as defined in said rules and regulations, shall be a representation of a skull and crossbones and a statement such as "This seed has been treated with POISON", in red letters on a background of distinctly contrasting color; and

(D) A description, approved by the Secretary of Agriculture as adequate for the protection of the public, of any process used in such treatment.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, §301, 53 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 85–581, §12, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 89–686, §§13, 14, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 978; Pub. L. 97–439, §5(b)(1), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §441(1), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–465 struck out "(a)" before "The importation" in introductory provisions, struck out ", or is required to be stained and is not so stained, under the terms of this subchapter," after "noxious-weed seeds" in par. (1), redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (3) and (4), respectively, and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "any seed containing 10 per centum or more of the seeds of alfalfa or red clover, which has been stained prior to being offered for entry in a manner that does not permit compliance with the provisions of this subchapter and the regulations made and promulgated thereunder."

1983—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–439 substituted "any agricultural or vegetable seeds if any such seed contains noxious weed seeds" for "any seed containing 10 per centum or more of any agricultural or vegetable seeds if any such seed is adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes".

1966—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 89–686, §13, prohibited importation of any seed containing 10 per centum or more of any agricultural seeds and prescribed as additional prerequisites to importation a lot identification for the invoice and any other labeling, the kind and variety of seed present in any amount, each kind or kind and variety of seed present in excess of 5 per centum of the whole, and hybrid designation in case of hybrid seed present in excess of 5 per centum of the whole.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 89–686, §14, added par. (5).

1958—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 85–581 added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), except as otherwise provided, see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this subchapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

1 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.
7 U.S.C. § 3406 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 65: WHEAT AND WHEAT FOODS RESEARCH AND NUTRITION EDUCATION / Section 3406: Exemption for retail bakers
Exemption for retail bakers
Status: in_force

Any end product manufacturer who is a retail baker shall be exempt from the provisions of this chapter. For the purposes of this section, the term "retail baker" shall be deemed to include all end product manufacturers who sell end products directly to the ultimate consumer: Provided, That such term shall not include any end product manufacturer who derives less than 10 per centum of gross end product sales revenues from sales to ultimate consumers or who derives 10 per centum or more of gross food or food products sales revenues from the sale of such products manufactured or produced by others.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVII, §1707, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1036.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3222b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter VI: 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGE FUNDING / Section 3222b: Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University
Grants to upgrade agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 land-grant colleges, including Tuskegee University
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

It is hereby declared to be the intent of Congress to assist the institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of August 30, 1890 [7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.], including Tuskegee University (hereafter referred to in this section as "eligible institutions") in the acquisition and improvement of agricultural and food sciences facilities and equipment, including libraries, so that the eligible institutions may participate fully in the production of human capital.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section, $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2023, and such sums shall remain available until expended.

(c) Use of grant funds

Four percent of the sums appropriated pursuant to this section shall be available to the Secretary for administration of this grants program. The remaining funds shall be available for grants to eligible institutions for the purpose of assisting them in the purchase of equipment and land, the planning, construction, alteration, or renovation of buildings to strengthen their capacity in the production of human capital in the food and agricultural sciences and can be used at the discretion of the eligible institutions in the areas of research, extension, and resident instruction or any combination thereof.

(d) Method of awarding grants

Grants awarded pursuant to this section shall be made in such amounts and under such terms and conditions as the Secretary shall determine necessary for carrying out the purposes of this section.

(e) Prohibition of certain uses

Federal funds provided under this section may not be utilized for the payment of any overhead costs of the eligible institutions.

(f) Regulations

The Secretary may promulgate such rules and regulations as the Secretary may consider necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1447, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1612(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3722; amended Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §813, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1166; Pub. L. 105–185, title III, §301(a)(9), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 562; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7109, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7123, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1222; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7123, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1983; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7112, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 874; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7118, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4790.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of August 30, 1890, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, 26 Stat. 417, popularly known as the "Agricultural College Act of 1890" and also as the "Second Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1447 of Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1011, amended sections 341 and 342 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1601(f)(1)(D), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3704.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "2018" for "2012".

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7123, substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2007" for "$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002".

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–185 substituted "through 2002" for "and 1997".

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127 substituted ", $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997" for "$8,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 1995".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6502 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6502: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) Agricultural product

The term "agricultural product" means any agricultural commodity or product, whether raw or processed, including any commodity or product derived from livestock that is marketed in the United States for human or livestock consumption.

(2) Botanical pesticides

The term "botanical pesticides" means natural pesticides derived from plants.

(3) Certifying agent

(A) In general

The term "certifying agent" means the chief executive officer of a State or, in the case of a State that provides for the Statewide election of an official to be responsible solely for the administration of the agricultural operations of the State, such official, and any person (including private entities) who is accredited by the Secretary as a certifying agent for the purpose of certifying a farm or handling operation as a certified organic farm or handling operation in accordance with this chapter.

(B) Foreign operations

When used in the context of a certifying agent operating in a foreign country, the term "certifying agent" includes any person (including a private entity)—

(i) accredited in accordance with section 6514(d) of this title; or

(ii) accredited by a foreign government that acted under an equivalency agreement negotiated between the United States and the foreign government from which the agricultural product is imported.

(4) Certified organic farm

The term "certified organic farm" means a farm, or portion of a farm, or site where agricultural products or livestock are produced, that is certified by the certifying agent under this chapter as utilizing a system of organic farming as described by this chapter.

(5) Certified organic handling operation

The term "certified organic handling operation" means any operation, or portion of any handling operation, that is certified by the certifying agent under this chapter as utilizing a system of organic handling as described under this chapter.

(6) Crop year

The term "crop year" means the normal growing season for a crop as determined by the Secretary.

(7) Governing State official

The term "governing State official" means the chief executive official of a State or, in the case of a State that provides for the Statewide election of an official to be responsible solely for the administration of the agricultural operations of the State, such official, who administers an organic certification program under this chapter.

(8) Handle

The term "handle" means to sell, process or package agricultural products.

(9) Handler

The term "handler" means any person engaged in the business of handling agricultural products, except such term shall not include final retailers of agricultural products that do not process agricultural products.

(10) Handling operation

The term "handling operation" means any operation or portion of an operation (except final retailers of agricultural products that do not process agricultural products) that—

(A) receives or otherwise acquires agricultural products; and

(B) processes, packages, or stores such products.

(11) Livestock

The term "livestock" means any cattle, sheep, goats, swine, poultry, equine animals used for food or in the production of food, fish used for food, wild or domesticated game, or other nonplant life.

(12) National List

The term "National List" means a list of approved and prohibited substances as provided for in section 6517 of this title.

(13) National organic program import certificate

The term "national organic program import certificate" means a form developed for purposes of the program under this chapter—

(A) to provide documentation sufficient to verify that an agricultural product imported for sale in the United States satisfies the requirement under section 6514(c) of this title;

(B) which shall include, at a minimum, information sufficient to indicate, with respect to the agricultural product—

(i) the origin;

(ii) the destination;

(iii) the certifying agent issuing the national organic program import certificate;

(iv) the harmonized tariff code, if a harmonized tariff code exists for the agricultural product;

(v) the total weight; and

(vi) the organic standard to which the agricultural product is certified; and

(C) that is not more than otherwise required under an equivalency agreement negotiated between the United States and the foreign government.

(14) Organic plan

The term "organic plan" means a plan of management of an organic farming or handling operation that has been agreed to by the producer or handler and the certifying agent and that includes written plans concerning all aspects of agricultural production or handling described in this chapter including crop rotation and other practices as required under this chapter.

(15) Organically produced

The term "organically produced" means an agricultural product that is produced and handled in accordance with this chapter.

(16) Person

The term "person" means an individual, group of individuals, corporation, association, organization, cooperative, or other entity.

(17) Pesticide

The term "pesticide" means any substance which alone, in chemical combination, or in any formulation with one or more substances, is defined as a pesticide in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.).

(18) Processing

The term "processing" means cooking, baking, heating, drying, mixing, grinding, churning, separating, extracting, cutting, fermenting, eviscerating, preserving, dehydrating, freezing, or otherwise manufacturing, and includes the packaging, canning, jarring, or otherwise enclosing food in a container.

(19) Producer

The term "producer" means a person who engages in the business of growing or producing food or feed.

(20) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(21) State organic certification program

The term "State organic certification program" means a program that meets the requirements of section 6506 of this title, is approved by the Secretary, and that is designed to ensure that a product that is sold or labeled as "organically produced" under this chapter is produced and handled using organic methods.

(22) Synthetic

The term "synthetic" means a substance that is formulated or manufactured by a chemical process or by a process that chemically changes a substance extracted from naturally occurring plant, animal, or mineral sources, except that such term shall not apply to substances created by naturally occurring biological processes.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2103, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3935; Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10104(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4899.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, referred to in par. (17), is act June 25, 1947, ch. 125, as amended generally by Pub. L. 92–516, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 973, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§136 et seq.) of chapter 6 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 136 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(b)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Pars. (13) to (22). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(b)(2), (3), added par. (13) and redesignated former pars. (13) to (21) as (14) to (22), respectively.
7 U.S.C. § 1447 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter III: NONBASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1447: Price support levels for other nonbasic agricultural commodities
Price support levels for other nonbasic agricultural commodities
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized to make available through loans, purchases, or other operations price support to producers for any nonbasic agricultural commodity not designated in sections 1446, 1446a, and 1446d 1 of this title at a level not in excess of 90 per centum of the parity price for the commodity.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title III, §301, 63 Stat. 1053; Pub. L. 95–113, title X, §1003(a), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1446d of this title, referred to in text, was omitted from the Code.

Amendments

1977—Pub. L. 95–113 temporarily inserted provisions authorizing Secretary to make price support available for the 1978 through 1981 crops of flaxseed, dry edible beans, gum naval stores, and, in the case of the 1979 through 1981 crops, sugar beets and sugar cane, and for other nonbasic undesignated commodities. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title X, §1003(a), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950, provided that the amendment made by section 1003(a) is effective only with respect to the 1978 through 1981 crops.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(9) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(9) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(9) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(I) of this title.

Elimination of Wool and Mohair Programs

Pub. L. 103–130, §3(c), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1369, provided that: "Effective beginning December 31, 1995, the Secretary of Agriculture may not provide loans or payments for wool or mohair by using the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation or under the authority of any law."

Other Price Support Programs in Effect on September 29, 1977

Pub. L. 95–113, title X, §1003(b), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] to the Agricultural Act of 1949 shall not be operative in any manner with respect to any price support program in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 1977]."

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 5695 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter V: FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE / Section 5695: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the Service such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 95–501, title V, §505, formerly §506, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3687; renumbered §505, Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §314, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1856.)
7 U.S.C. § 327 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter II: COLLEGE-AID ANNUAL APPROPRIATION / Section 327: Repealed. May 29, 1928, ch. 901, §1(74), 45 Stat. 991
Repealed. May 29, 1928, ch. 901, §1(74), 45 Stat. 991
Status: repealed

Section, act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, §5, 26 Stat. 419, related to reports by Secretary of the Interior of disbursements and certificates withheld.
7 U.S.C. § 361 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 361: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Status: repealed

Section, acts Mar. 16, 1906, ch. 951, §4, 34 Stat. 64; Feb. 24, 1925, ch. 308, §4, 43 Stat. 971, provided for the administration of the agricultural experiment station program. See section 361g of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Existing Rights and Liabilities

Act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674, which repealed sections 361, 364, 366, 369, 369a, 371 to 376, 380, 382, 383, 386 to 386f, 427a to 427h, and 427j of this title, provided in part that any rights or liabilities existing under such repealed sections or parts of sections should not be affected by their repeal.
7 U.S.C. § 5403 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 85: ADMINISTRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS / Section 5403: Environmental Quality Policy Statement
Environmental Quality Policy Statement
Status: in_force

(a) Environmental Quality Policy Statement, implementation plan, and annual report

(1) Policy statement

The Council shall develop an Environmental Quality Policy Statement that identifies goals and objectives for addressing the effects of agriculture on environmental quality. The policy statement shall be based upon an assessment, in accordance with paragraph (2), of the current status and level of effort, in terms of staff and funding, of programs at the Department of Agriculture to evaluate, prevent, and mitigate environmental problems that may result from agricultural production. The policy statement shall be revised at least every 5 years.

(2) Assessment

The assessment under paragraph (1) shall include:

(A) Detailed descriptions of the roles of the involved Departmental agencies.

(B) A description of current efforts to coordinate the individual activities of each of the involved departmental agencies.

(C) Recommendations for precluding any undesirable duplication of efforts within the Department and among the Department and other Federal and State programs.

(D) Specific recommendations for new initiatives in monitoring, research, extension, and technical assistance efforts to address present and potential environmental quality problems.

The assessment may incorporate existing documents and planning processes within the Department.

(b) Implementation plan

The Director, subject to the approval of the Council, shall prepare a plan to implement the Environmental Quality Policy Statement. The plan shall include an assessment of the activities of each departmental agency to mitigate or reduce any negative effects on environmental quality of agricultural policies, programs, and practices under their respective jurisdictions and shall describe in detail new departmental and agency-specific initiatives intended to achieve the goals and objectives of the policy statement. The plan shall be revised at least every 5 years.

(c) Annual environmental quality report

Not later than January 31, 1992, and annually thereafter, the Council, through the Director, shall prepare and submit an annual report to the Congress, other appropriate Federal and State agencies, and the public on the progress being made toward the goals and objectives established in the Environmental Quality Policy Statement. The report shall also include—

(1) a review of the environmental activities and initiatives of the Department during the preceding year;

(2) specific action taken to coordinate the environmental programs of the Department with programs of other Federal agencies and related State programs; and

(3) such recommendations as the Secretary considers appropriate regarding current or additional environmental protection programs, initiatives, or policies that will balance the needs of production agriculture while addressing environmental concerns.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are hereby authorized to be appropriated annually not to exceed $2,000,000 to carry out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1473, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3620; Pub. L. 102–237, title II, §201(d), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1847.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–237, §201(d)(1), substituted "paragraph (2)" for "subparagraph (B)".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–237, §201(d)(2), substituted "paragraph (1)" for "subparagraph (A)" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–237 effective as if included in the provision of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, to which the amendment relates, see section 1101(b)(1) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (c) of this section relating to submittal of annual report to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 49 of House Document No. 103–7.
7 U.S.C. § 5925a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5925a: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title VII, §7210, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 885
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title VII, §7210, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 885
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1672A, as added Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §243, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 554; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7120, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7205, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1238; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7205, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1999, related to nutrient management research and extension initiative.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Study of Nutrient Banking

Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7411, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 462, provided that the Secretary of Agriculture may conduct study to evaluate nutrient banking for purpose of enhancing health and viability of watersheds in areas with large concentrations of animal producing units, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7408(c), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 898.
7 U.S.C. § 7108 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 99: SHEEP PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7108: Investigations and power to subpoena
Investigations and power to subpoena
Status: in_force

(a) Investigations

The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary—

(1) for the effective administration of this chapter; or

(2) to determine whether any person subject to this chapter has engaged, or is about to engage, in any action that constitutes or will constitute a violation of this chapter, or of any order or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b) Subpoenas, oaths, and affirmations

For the purpose of any investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c) Aid of courts

In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where the person resides or carries on business, in order to require the attendance and testimony of the person or the production of records. The court may issue an order requiring the person to appear before the Secretary to produce records or to give testimony regarding the matter under investigation.

(d) Contempt

Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt of the court.

(e) Process

Process in any case under this section may be served in the judicial district in which the person resides or carries on business or wherever the person may be found.

(Pub. L. 103–407, §9, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4226.)
7 U.S.C. § 1376 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1376: Court jurisdiction; duties of United States attorneys; remedies and penalties as additional
Court jurisdiction; duties of United States attorneys; remedies and penalties as additional
Status: in_force

The several district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce the provisions of this subchapter. If and when the Secretary shall so request, it shall be the duty of the several United States attorneys in their respective districts, under the direction of the Attorney General, to institute proceedings to collect the penalties provided in this subchapter. The remedies and penalties provided for herein shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, any of the remedies or penalties under existing law. This section also shall be applicable to liquidated damages provided for pursuant to section 1349 of this title.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §376, 52 Stat. 66; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 88–297, title I, §106(2), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 176.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1964—Pub. L. 88–297 provided for application of this section to liquidated damages under section 1349 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorneys" for "district attorneys". See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision Notes thereunder.
7 U.S.C. § 499t (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 20A: PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 499t: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act June 10, 1930, ch. 436, §20, as added Aug. 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–414, §2, 102 Stat. 1102, established Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act Industry Advisory Committee, provided for its membership, compensation, etc., directed advisory committee to review Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act program and to make findings and recommendations to Congress and Secretary of Agriculture with respect to future operations of program, with an interim report not later than Sept. 30, 1989, and a final report not later than May 1, 1990, containing results of its review and recommendations, and provided that advisory committee cease to exist on date of its final report.
7 U.S.C. § 1627a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1627a: Sheep production and marketing grant program
Sheep production and marketing grant program
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service, shall establish a competitive grant program for the purposes of strengthening and enhancing the production and marketing of sheep and sheep products in the United States, including through—

(1) the improvement of—

(A) infrastructure;

(B) business; and

(C) resource development; and

(2) the development of innovative approaches to solve long-term needs.

(b) Eligibility

The Secretary shall make grants under this section to at least one national entity, the mission of which is consistent with the purpose of the grant program.

(c) Funding

Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, and $400,000 for fiscal year 2024, to remain available until expended.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §209, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12102(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 978; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12102, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4942; Pub. L. 118–22, div. B, title I, §102(d)(8)(E), Nov. 17, 2023, 137 Stat. 118.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–22 inserted "and $400,000 for fiscal year 2024," after "2019,".

2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2019" for "$1,500,000 for fiscal year 2014".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2023 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 118–22 to be applied and administered as if enacted on Sept. 30, 2023, see section 102(g) of Pub. L. 118–22, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7957 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter III: PEANUTS / Section 7957: Marketing assistance loans and loan deficiency payments for peanuts
Marketing assistance loans and loan deficiency payments for peanuts
Status: in_force

(a) Nonrecourse loans available

(1) Availability

For each of the 2002 through 2007 crops of peanuts, the Secretary shall make available to producers on a farm nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for peanuts produced on the farm. The loans shall be made under terms and conditions that are prescribed by the Secretary and at the loan rate established under subsection (b).

(2) Eligible production

The producers on a farm shall be eligible for a marketing assistance loan under this subsection for any quantity of peanuts produced on the farm.

(3) Treatment of certain commingled commodities

In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall make loans to producers on a farm that would be eligible to obtain a marketing assistance loan, but for the fact the peanuts owned by the producers on the farm are commingled with other peanuts in facilities unlicensed for the storage of agricultural commodities by the Secretary or a State licensing authority, if the producers obtaining the loan agree to immediately redeem the loan collateral in accordance with section 7286 of this title.

(4) Options for obtaining loan

A marketing assistance loan under this subsection, and loan deficiency payments under subsection (e), may be obtained at the option of the producers on a farm through—

(A) a designated marketing association or marketing cooperative of producers that is approved by the Secretary; or

(B) the Farm Service Agency.

(5) Storage of loan peanuts

As a condition on the Secretary's approval of an individual or entity to provide storage for peanuts for which a marketing assistance loan is made under this section, the individual or entity shall agree—

(A) to provide such storage on a nondiscriminatory basis; and

(B) to comply with such additional requirements as the Secretary considers appropriate to accomplish the purposes of this section and promote fairness in the administration of the benefits of this section.

(6) Payment of peanut storage costs

Effective for the 2002 through 2006 crops of peanuts, to ensure proper storage of peanuts for which a loan is made under this section, the Secretary shall use the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation to pay storage, handling, and other associated costs. This authority terminates beginning with the 2007 crop of peanuts.

(7) Marketing

A marketing association or cooperative may market peanuts for which a loan is made under this section in any manner that conforms to consumer needs, including the separation of peanuts by type and quality.

(b) Loan rate

The loan rate for a marketing assistance loan under for peanuts subsection (a) shall be equal to $355 per ton.

(c) Term of loan

(1) In general

A marketing assistance loan for peanuts under subsection (a) shall have a term of 9 months beginning on the first day of the first month after the month in which the loan is made.

(2) Extensions prohibited

The Secretary may not extend the term of a marketing assistance loan for peanuts under subsection (a).

(d) Repayment rate

(1) In general

The Secretary shall permit producers on a farm to repay a marketing assistance loan for peanuts under subsection (a) at a rate that is the lesser of—

(A) the loan rate established for peanuts under subsection (b), plus interest (determined in accordance with section 7283 of this title); or

(B) a rate that the Secretary determines will—

(i) minimize potential loan forfeitures;

(ii) minimize the accumulation of stocks of peanuts by the Federal Government;

(iii) minimize the cost incurred by the Federal Government in storing peanuts; and

(iv) allow peanuts produced in the United States to be marketed freely and competitively, both domestically and internationally.

(2) Good faith exception to beneficial interest requirement

For the 2002 crop year only, in the case of the producers on a farm that marketed or otherwise lost beneficial interest in the peanuts for which a marketing assistance loan was made under this section before repaying the loan, the Secretary shall permit the producers to repay the loan at the applicable repayment rate that was in effect for peanuts under this subsection on the date that the producers lost beneficial interest, as determined by the Secretary, if the Secretary determines the producers acted in good faith.

(e) Loan deficiency payments

(1) Availability

The Secretary may make loan deficiency payments available to producers on a farm that, although eligible to obtain a marketing assistance loan for peanuts under subsection (a), agree to forgo obtaining the loan for the peanuts in return for loan deficiency payments under this subsection.

(2) Computation

A loan deficiency payment under this subsection shall be computed by multiplying—

(A) the payment rate determined under paragraph (3) for peanuts; by

(B) the quantity of the peanuts produced by the producers, excluding any quantity for which the producers obtain a marketing assistance loan under subsection (a).

(3) Payment rate

For purposes of this subsection, the payment rate shall be the amount by which—

(A) the loan rate established under subsection (b); exceeds

(B) the rate at which a loan may be repaid under subsection (d).

(4) Effective date for payment rate determination

(A) In general

The Secretary shall determine the amount of the loan deficiency payment to be made under this subsection to the producers on a farm with respect to a quantity of peanuts using the payment rate in effect under paragraph (3) as of the date the producers request the payment.

(B) Special rule for 2002 crop year

For the 2002 crop year only, the Secretary shall determine the amount of the loan deficiency payment to be made under this subsection to the producers on a farm with respect to a quantity of peanuts using the payment rate in effect under paragraph (3) as of the earlier of the following:

(i) The date on which the producers marketed or otherwise lost beneficial interest in the crop, as determined by the Secretary.

(ii) The date the producers request the payment.

(f) Compliance with conservation and wetlands requirements

As a condition of the receipt of a marketing assistance loan under subsection (a), the producer shall comply with applicable conservation requirements under subtitle B of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3811 et seq.) and applicable wetland protection requirements under subtitle C of title XII of that Act (16 U.S.C. 3821 et seq.) during the term of the loan.

(g) Reimbursable agreements and payment of administrative expenses

The Secretary may implement any reimbursable agreements or provide for the payment of administrative expenses under this subchapter only in a manner that is consistent with such activities in regard to other commodities.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1307, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 175.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food Security Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (f), is Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354. Subtitles B and C of title XII of the Act are classified generally to subchapters II (§3811 et seq.) and III (§3821 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 58 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (g), was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle C (§§1301–1310) of Pub. L. 107–171, title I, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 166, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of subtitle C to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 7951 of this title and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 2710 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 60: EGG RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 2710: Applicability of provisions to amendments to orders
Applicability of provisions to amendments to orders
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter applicable to orders shall be applicable to amendments to orders.

(Pub. L. 93–428, §11, Oct. 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 1176.)
7 U.S.C. § 3173 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL FOOD AND HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAM / Section 3173: Research by Department of Agriculture
Research by Department of Agriculture
Status: in_force

(a) Increase in level of support

The Secretary shall establish research into food and human nutrition as a separate and distinct mission of the Department of Agriculture, and the Secretary shall increase support for such research to a level that provides resources adequate to meet the policy of this subchapter.

(b) Periodic consultation with administrators of other Federal departments and agencies

The Secretary, in administering the food and human nutrition research program, shall periodically consult with the administrators of the other Federal departments and agencies that have responsibility for programs dealing with human food and nutrition, as to the specific research needs of those departments and agencies.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1423, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 999.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

National Food and Human Nutrition Research Program; Congressional Findings; Comprehensive Plan; Annual Report; Joint Dietary Assessment, Studies and Reports; Submission of Plan and Reports to Congressional Committees

Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, subtitle B, §§1451–1453, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1561, 1562, as amended by Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §872, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175, provided that:

"findings

"Sec. 1451. Congress finds that—

"(1) nutrition and health considerations are important to United States agricultural policy;

"(2) section 1405 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3121) designates the Department of Agriculture as the lead agency of the Federal Government for human nutrition research (except with respect to the biomedical aspects of human nutrition concerned with diagnosis or treatment of disease);

"(3) section 1423 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 3173) requires the Secretary of Agriculture to establish research into food and human nutrition as a separate and distinct mission of the Department of Agriculture;

"(4) the Secretary has established a nutrition education program; and

"(5) nutrition research continues to be of great importance to those involved in agricultural production.

"[Sec. 1452. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §872, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175.]

"dietary assessment and studies

"Sec. 1453. (a) The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall jointly conduct an assessment of existing scientific literature and research relating to—

"(1) the relationship between dietary cholesterol and blood cholesterol and human health and nutrition; and

"(2) dietary calcium and its importance in human health and nutrition.

In conducting the assessments under this subsection, the Secretaries shall consult with agencies of the Federal Government involved in related research. On completion of such assessments, the Secretaries shall each recommend such further studies as the Secretaries consider useful.

"(b) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985], the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall each submit to the House Committees on Agriculture and Energy and Commerce and the Senate Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and Labor and Human Resources a report that shall include the results of the assessments conducted under subsection (a) and recommendations made under such subsection, for more complete studies of the issues examined under such subsection, including a protocol, feasibility assessment, budget estimates and a timetable for such research as each Secretary shall consider appropriate."
7 U.S.C. § 23 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 23: Standardized contracts for certain commodities
Standardized contracts for certain commodities
Status: in_force

(a) Margin accounts or contracts and leverage accounts or contracts prohibited except as authorized

Except as authorized under subsection (b), no person shall offer to enter into, enter into, or confirm the execution of, any transaction for the delivery of any commodity under a standardized contract commonly known to the trade as a margin account, margin contract, leverage account, or leverage contract, or under any contract, account, arrangement, scheme, or device that the Commission determines serves the same function or functions as such a standardized contract, or is marketed or managed in substantially the same manner as such a standardized contract.

(b) Permission to enter into contracts for delivery of silver or gold bullion, bulk silver or gold coins, or platinum; rules and regulations

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), no person shall offer to enter into, enter into, or confirm the execution of, any transaction for the delivery of silver bullion, gold bullion, bulk silver coins, bulk gold coins, or platinum under a standardized contract described in subsection (a), contrary to the terms of any rule, regulation, or order that the Commission shall prescribe, which may include terms designed to ensure the financial solvency of the transaction or prevent manipulation or fraud. Such rule, regulation, or order may be made only after notice and opportunity for hearing. The Commission may set different terms and conditions for transactions involving different commodities.

(2) No person may engage in any activity described in paragraph (1) who is not permitted to engage in such activity, by the rules, regulations, and orders of the Commission in effect on November 10, 1986, until the Commission permits such person to engage in such activity in accordance with regulations issued in accordance with subsection (c)(2).

(c) Survey of persons interested in engaging in transactions of silver and gold, etc.; assistance of futures association; regulations

(1)(A) Not later than 2 years after November 10, 1986, the Commission shall—

(i) with the assistance of a futures association registered under this chapter, conduct a survey concerning the persons interested in engaging in the business of offering to enter into, entering into, or confirming the execution of, the transactions described in subsection (b)(1); and

(ii) transmit a report of the results of the survey to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(B) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for purposes of completing such report the Commission may direct, by rule, regulation, or order, a futures association registered under this chapter to render such assistance as the Commission shall specify.

(C) Such report shall include the findings and any recommendations of the Commission concerning—

(i) whether such transactions serve an economic purpose;

(ii) the most efficient manner, consistent with the public interest, to permit additional persons to engage in the business of offering to enter into, entering into, and confirming the execution of such transactions; and

(iii) the appropriate regulatory scheme to govern such transactions to ensure the financial solvency of such transactions and to prevent manipulation or fraud.

(2) The report shall also include Commission regulations governing such transactions. The regulations shall provide for permitting additional persons to engage in such transactions. The regulations shall become effective on the expiration of 90 calendar days on which either House of Congress is in session after the date of the transmittal of the report to Congress. The regulations—

(A) may authorize or require, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a futures association registered under this chapter to perform such responsibilities in connection with such transactions as the Commission may specify; and

(B) may require that permission for additional persons to engage in such business be given on a gradual basis, so as not to place an undue burden on the resources of the Commission.

(d) Savings provision

This section shall not affect any rights or obligations arising out of any transaction subject to this section, as in effect before November 10, 1986, that was entered into, or the execution of which was confirmed, before November 10, 1986.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §19, as added Pub. L. 95–405, §23, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 876; amended Pub. L. 97–444, title II, §234, Jan. 11, 1983, 96 Stat. 2322; Pub. L. 99–641, title I, §109, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3560.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those appearing in subsec. (b) were formerly contained in section 15a of this title.

Amendments

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–641 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "No person shall offer to enter into, enter into, or confirm the execution of, any transaction for the delivery of any commodity specifically set forth in section 2 of this title prior to October 23, 1974, under a standardized contract commonly known to the trade as a margin account, margin contract, leverage account, or leverage contract, or under any contract, account, arrangement, scheme, or device that the Commission determines serves the same function or functions as such a standardized contract, or is marketed or managed in substantially the same manner as such a standardized contract."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–641 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "No person shall offer to enter into, enter into, or confirm the execution of any transaction for the delivery of silver bullion, gold bullion, or bulk silver coins or bulk gold coins, under a standardized contract described in subsection (a) of this section, contrary to any rule, regulation, or order of the Commission designed to ensure the financial solvency of the transaction or prevent manipulation or fraud: Provided, That such rule, regulation, or order may be made only after notice and opportunity for hearing."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–641 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "The Commission shall regulate any transactions under a standardized contract described in subsection (a) of this section involving commodities described in subsection (b) of this section or any other commodities (except those commodities described in subsection (a) of this section) under such terms and conditions as the Commission shall prescribe by rule, regulation, or order made only after notice and opportunity for a hearing. The Commission may set different terms and conditions for such transactions involving different commodities. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Commission may prohibit any transaction for the delivery of any commodity under a standardized contract described in subsection (a) of this section that is not permitted by the rules, regulations and orders of the Commission in effect on December 9, 1982, if the Commission determines that any such transactions would be contrary to the public interest."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–641, in amending section generally, added subsec. (d).

1983—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–444, §234(1), substituted "shall regulate" for "may prohibit or regulate" and authorized Commission prohibition of transactions for delivery of commodities under a standardized contract that was not permitted by the rules, regulations and orders of the Commission in effect on Dec. 9, 1982, where transactions are determined to be contrary to the public interest.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–444, §234(2), struck out subsec. (d) which provided for regulation of transactions in accordance with applicable provisions of this chapter where Commission determined the transactions under subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section were contracts for future delivery within the meaning of this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–444 effective Jan. 11, 1983, see section 239 of Pub. L. 97–444, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 28 of Pub. L. 95–405, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 9052 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter III: DAIRY / Section 9052: Calculation of average feed cost and actual dairy production margins
Calculation of average feed cost and actual dairy production margins
Status: in_force

(a) Calculation of average feed cost

The Secretary shall calculate the national average feed cost for each month using the following data:

(1) The price of corn for a month shall be the price received during that month by farmers in the United States for corn, as reported in the monthly Agricultural Prices report by the Secretary.

(2) The price of soybean meal for a month shall be the central Illinois price for soybean meal, as reported in the Market News–Monthly Soybean Meal Price Report by the Secretary.

(3) The price of alfalfa hay for a month shall be the price received during that month by farmers in the United States for alfalfa hay, as reported in the monthly Agricultural Prices report by the Secretary.

(b) Calculation of actual dairy production margin

(1) In general

For use in dairy margin coverage, the Secretary shall calculate the actual dairy production margin for each month by subtracting—

(A) the average feed cost for that month, determined in accordance with subsection (a); from

(B) the all-milk price for that month.

(2) Time for calculation

The calculation required by this subsection shall be made as soon as practicable using the full-month price of the applicable reference month.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1402, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 115–123, div. F, §60101(b)(1)(B), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 311; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1401(k)(3), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4516.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "dairy margin coverage" for "the margin protection program" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 115–123 substituted "month" for "consecutive 2-month period" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–334 effective on Jan. 1, 2019, see section 1401(m) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 9051 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–123 applicable beginning with the 2018 calendar year, see section 60101(b)(5) of Pub. L. 115–123, set out as a note under section 9051 of this title.

Collection of Alfalfa Hay Data

Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1401(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4512, provided that: "Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2018], the Secretary [of Agriculture], acting through the National Agricultural Statistics Service, shall revise monthly price survey reports to include prices for high-quality alfalfa hay in the top five milk producing States, as measured by volume of milk produced during the previous month."
7 U.S.C. § 8788 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 8788: Durum wheat quality program
Durum wheat quality program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (c), the Secretary shall provide compensation to producers of durum wheat in an amount not to exceed 50 percent of the actual cost of fungicides applied to a crop of durum wheat of the producers to control Fusarium head blight (wheat scab) on acres certified to have been planted to Durum wheat in a crop year.

(b) Insufficient funds

If the total amount of funds appropriated for a fiscal year under subsection (c) are insufficient to fulfill all eligible requests for compensation under this section, the Secretary shall prorate the compensation payments in a manner determined by the Secretary to be equitable.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2012.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1613, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1019; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1613, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1748.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1926b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter I: REAL ESTATE LOANS / Section 1926b: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §743, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1125
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §743, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1125
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §306B, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2326(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4014, related to emergency community water assistance grant program, including general provisions and provisions relating to priority, eligibility, uses, restrictions, maximum grants, full funding, application, and limitations on authorization of appropriations.
7 U.S.C. § 3314 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter X: FUNDING AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 3314: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-185, title I, §103(f)(3)(C), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 528
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-185, title I, §103(f)(3)(C), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 528
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1468, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1018, related to withholding of funds if Secretary determines institution or State is not entitled to allotment under this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 4306 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4306: Required terms in orders
Required terms in orders
Status: in_force

Orders issued pursuant to this chapter shall contain the following terms and conditions and, except as provided in section 4307 of this title, no others:

(1) Providing for the establishment and appointment by the Secretary of a board to be named "Floraboard", which shall consist of not more than seventy-five voting members, and defining its powers and duties, which shall include only the powers to (A) administer such order in accordance with its terms and provisions, (B) make rules and regulations to effectuate the terms and provisions of such order, (C) receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary complaints of violations of such order, and (D) recommend to the Secretary amendments of such order. The term of an appointment to the Floraboard shall be for three years with no member serving more than two consecutive three-year terms: Provided, That of the initial appointments, one-third shall be for a term of one year and one-third shall be for a term of two years. The Floraboard shall appoint from its members an executive committee, consisting of not more than fifteen members, whose membership shall, to the maximum extent practicable, reflect the membership composition of the Floraboard, and whose commodity group representation shall be proportional to that of the Floraboard. Such executive committee shall have the authority to employ a staff and conduct routine business within the policies determined by the Floraboard.

(2) Providing that the Floraboard shall be composed of producers and importers appointed by the Secretary from nominations submitted by organizations certified pursuant to section 4315 of this title or if the Secretary determines that a substantial number of producers or importers are not members of or their interests are not represented by any such certified organization then from nominations made by such producers or importers in a manner authorized by the Secretary. Certified organizations shall submit one nomination for each position on the Floraboard. Initially, the Floraboard shall be composed of one-third producers and importers of cut flowers, one-third producers and importers of potted flowering plants, and one-third producers and importers of foliage plants. Two years after assessment of funds commences pursuant to an order, and periodically thereafter, the Floraboard shall adjust the commodity group representation of these commodity groups on the basis of the amount of assessments, less refunds, collected from each commodity group. There shall at all times be more producers representing a particular commodity group on the Floraboard than importers representing that commodity group. In addition to commodity group representation, the periodic adjustment of the membership of the Floraboard shall reflect, to the maximum extent practicable, the proportionate share of assessments, less refunds, collected from producers in each of several geographic areas of the United States to be defined by the Secretary, and the proportionate share of assessments, less refunds, collected from importers of flowers and plants imported into the United States from each country.

(3) Providing that the Floraboard shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph 8 of this section, develop and submit to the Secretary for approval advertising, sales promotion, consumer education, research, and development plans or projects and that any such plan or project must be approved by the Secretary before becoming effective.

(4) Providing that the Floraboard shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph 8 of this section, submit to the Secretary for approval budgets on a fiscal period basis of its anticipated expenses and disbursements in the administration of the order, including probable costs of advertising, promotion, consumer education, research, and development projects.

(5) Providing that—

(A) For each sale of flowers and plants by a producer within the United States, such producer shall pay an assessment to the Floraboard based on the dollar value of such sales transaction minus the cost of plant material. If the producer is a retailer, the assessment will be based on the then current wholesale value of the flowers and plants less the cost of plant material. In the case of consignment sales, the assessment shall be paid by the producer based on the dollar value of the sale of flowers and plants less the sales commission, freight cost, and cost of plant material.

(B) For each sale of imported flowers and plants within the United States by the importer of such flowers and plants, such importer shall pay an assessment to the Floraboard based on the dollar value of such sales transaction, without deducting the cost of plant material. If the importer is a retailer, the assessment will be made on the purchase price. In the case of consignment sales, the assessment shall be paid by the importer and shall be based on the dollar value of the sale of flowers and plants less the sales commission and cost of transportation within the United States.

(C) The assessments provided for in this section shall be remitted to the Floraboard, at the time and in the manner prescribed in the order and regulations thereunder, and shall be used for such expenses and expenditures (including provision for a reasonable reserve and those administrative costs incurred by the Department of Agriculture after an order has been promulgated under this chapter) as the Secretary finds are reasonable and likely to be incurred by the Floraboard under the order during any period specified by the Secretary.

(6) Providing that the initial rate of assessment, which rate shall remain in effect for the first two years after an order is approved in a referendum, shall not exceed one-half of 1 per centum of the value of flowers and plants sold, as determined under the provisions of paragraph (5) of this section: Provided, That the Floraboard may thereafter increase or decrease the rate of assessment prescribed by the order by no more than one-quarter of 1 per centum of the value of flowers and plants sold per year: Provided further, That in no event shall the rate of assessment exceed 1½ per centum of the value of flowers and plants sold.

(7) Providing that the Floraboard shall maintain such books and records and shall prepare and submit to the Secretary, from time to time, such reports as the Secretary may prescribe, and providing for appropriate accounting by the Floraboard with respect to the receipt and disbursement of all funds entrusted to it.

(8) Providing that the Floraboard, with the approval of the Secretary, may enter into contracts or agreements for development and carrying out of the activities authorized under the order pursuant to sections 4307(1) and (2) of this title and for the payment of the cost thereof with funds collected pursuant to the order. The Floraboard may contract with industry groups, profit or nonprofit companies, private and State colleges and universities, and governmental groups. Any such contract or agreement shall provide (A) that the contracting party shall develop and submit to the Floraboard a plan  or  project  together  with  a  budget  or budgets which shall show estimated costs to be incurred for such plan or project, (B) that any such plan or project shall become effective upon the approval of the Secretary, and (C) that the contracting party shall keep accurate records of all its transactions and make periodic reports to the Floraboard of activities carried out and an accounting for funds received and expended, and such other reports as the Secretary may require.

(9) Providing that the Floraboard may convene, from time to time, advisory panels drawn from the production, importation, wholesale, and retail segments of the flower and plant industry to assist in the development of marketing and research programs.

(10) Providing that no funds collected or received by the Floraboard shall in any manner be used for the purpose of influencing governmental policy or action, except as provided by paragraph (1)(D) of this section.

(11) Providing that Floraboard members and members of any advisory panels convened shall serve without compensation but shall be reimbursed for their reasonable expenses incurred in performing their duties as members of the Floraboard or advisory panel.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1707, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1350.)
7 U.S.C. § 1364 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1364: Compensation of review committee
Compensation of review committee
Status: in_force

The members of the review committee shall receive as compensation for their services the same per diem as that received by the members of the committee utilized for the purposes of chapter 3B of title 16. The members of the review committee shall not be entitled to receive compensation for more than thirty days in any one year.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §364, 52 Stat. 63.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Chapter 3B [§590a et seq.] of title 16, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.
7 U.S.C. § 1603 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1603: Procedural powers; witness fees and mileage
Procedural powers; witness fees and mileage
Status: in_force

(a) In carrying on the work herein authorized, the Secretary of Agriculture, or any officer or employee designated by him for such purpose, shall have power to hold hearings, administer oaths, sign and issue subpenas, examine witnesses, take depositions, and require the production of books, records, accounts, memoranda, and papers, and have access to office and warehouse premises. Upon refusal by any person to appear, testify, or produce pertinent books, records, accounts, memoranda, and papers in response to a subpena, or to permit access to premises, the proper United States district court shall have power to compel obedience thereto.

(b) Witnesses summoned before the Secretary or any officer or employee designated by him shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States, and witnesses whose depositions are taken and the persons taking the same shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like service in the courts of the United States.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, §413, 53 Stat. 1289.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 198 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter II: PACKERS GENERALLY / Section 198: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

Except as provided in section 198b(a) of this title, in this part:

(1) Market

The term "market" means the sale or disposition of swine, pork, or pork products in commerce.

(2) Packer

The term "packer" has the meaning given the term in section 1635i of this title.

(3) Pork

The term "pork" means the meat of a porcine animal.

(4) Pork product

The term "pork product" means a product or byproduct produced or processed in whole or in part from pork.

(5) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States.

(6) Swine

The term "swine" means a porcine animal raised to be a feeder pig, raised for seedstock, or raised for slaughter.

(7) Type of contract

The term "type of contract" means the classification of contracts or risk management agreements for the purchase of swine by—

(A) the mechanism used to determine the base price for swine committed to a packer, grouped into practicable classifications by the Secretary (including swine or pork market formula purchases, other market formula purchases, and other purchase arrangements); and

(B) the presence or absence of an accrual account or ledger that must be repaid by the producer or packer that receives the benefit of the contract pricing mechanism in relation to negotiated prices.

(8) Other terms

Except as provided in this part, a term has the meaning given the term in section 1635a or 1635i of this title.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title II, §221, as added Pub. L. 106–78, title IX, §934(2), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1208.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section by section 942 of Pub. L. 106–78, see Livestock Mandatory Reporting note set out under section 1635 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination Date

Section to terminate Mar. 14, 2025, see section 942 of Pub. L. 106–78, set out in a Livestock Mandatory Reporting note under section 1635 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1445g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter II: BASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1445g: Production of commodities for conversion into industrial hydrocarbons; terms and conditions; incentive payments; regulations; appropriations; effective date
Production of commodities for conversion into industrial hydrocarbons; terms and conditions; incentive payments; regulations; appropriations; effective date
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act—

(a) The Secretary may permit, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, all or any part of the acreage set aside or diverted from the production of a commodity for any crop year under this subchapter to be devoted to the production of any commodity (other than the commodities for which acreage is being set aside or diverted) for conversion into industrial hydrocarbons and blending with gasoline or other fossil fuels for use as motor or industrial fuel, if the Secretary determines that such production is desirable in order to provide an adequate supply of commodities for such purpose, is not likely to increase the cost of the price support programs, and will not adversely affect farm income.

(b)(1) During any year in which there is no set-aside or diversion of acreage under this subchapter, the Secretary may formulate and administer a program for the production, subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, of commodities for conversion into industrial hydrocarbons and blending with gasoline or other fossil fuels for use as motor or industrial fuel, if the Secretary determines that such production is desirable in order to provide an adequate supply of commodities for such purpose, is not likely to increase the cost of the price support programs, and will not adversely affect farm income. Under the program, producers of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice shall be paid incentive payments to devote a portion of their acreage to the production of commodities for conversion into industrial hydrocarbons and blending with gasoline or other fossil fuels for use as motor or industrial fuel.

(2) The payments under this subsection shall be at such rate or rates as the Secretary determines to be fair and reasonable, taking into consideration the participation necessary to ensure an adequate supply of the agricultural commodities for conversion into industrial hydrocarbons and blending with gasoline or other fossil fuels for use as motor or industrial fuels.

(3) The Secretary may issue such regulations as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection.

(4) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection.

(5) The provisions of this subsection shall become effective October 1, 1978.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 95–279, title II, §201, May 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 241.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in provision preceding subsec. (a), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, known as the Agricultural Act of 1949, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1421 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(6) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(6) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(6) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(F) of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 4551 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 76: DAIRY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Subchapter III: INDEMNITY PAYMENTS TO DAIRY FARMERS / Section 4551: Indemnity payments to dairy farmers and manufacturers of dairy products; milk removed for its residue of chemical or toxic substances; nuclear radiation or fallout contaminants; other legal recourse
Indemnity payments to dairy farmers and manufacturers of dairy products; milk removed for its residue of chemical or toxic substances; nuclear radiation or fallout contaminants; other legal recourse
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make indemnity payments for milk or cows producing such milk at a fair market value, to dairy farmers who have been directed since January 1, 1964 (but only since August 10, 1973, in the case of indemnity payments not authorized prior to August 10, 1973), to remove their milk, and to make indemnity payments for dairy products at fair market value to manufacturers of dairy products who have been directed since November 30, 1970, to remove their dairy products from commercial markets because of residues of chemicals registered and approved for use by the Federal Government at the time of such use. The Secretary is also authorized to make indemnity payments for milk, or cows producing such milk, at a fair market value to any dairy farmer who is directed to remove his milk from commercial markets because of (1) the presence of products of nuclear radiation or fallout if such contamination is not due to the fault of the farmer, or (2) residues of chemicals or toxic substances not included under the first sentence of this section if such chemicals or toxic substances were not used in a manner contrary to applicable regulations or labeling instructions provided at the time of use and the contamination is not due to the fault of the farmer: Provided, That no indemnity payment may be made for contamination resulting from such residues of chemicals or toxic substances if the Secretary determines within thirty days after the date of application for payment that other legal recourse is available to the farmer. Any indemnity payment to any farmer shall continue until he has been reinstated and is again allowed to dispose of his milk on commercial markets.

(Pub. L. 90–484, §1, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 91–524, title II, §204(b), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 93–86, §1(5)(B), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 95–113, title II, §205(1), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 920.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 450j of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as part of Pub. L. 90–484, and not as part of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

The following Acts authorized indemnity payments for the periods ending as indicated:

June 30, 1968—Pub. L. 90–95, §1, Sept. 28, 1967, 81 Stat. 231.

June 30, 1967—Pub. L. 89–794, title III, §301(c), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1465.

June 30, 1966—Pub. L. 89–253, §24, Oct. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 977.

June 30, 1965—Pub. L. 89–16, title III, §303, Apr. 30. 1965, 79 Stat. 108.

Jan. 31, 1965—Pub. L. 88–452, title III, §331, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 525.

Amendments

1977—Pub. L. 95–113 authorized indemnity payments for milk, or cows producing such milk, at a fair market value to any dairy farmer who is directed to remove his milk from commercial markets because of the presence of products of nuclear radiation or fallout if such contamination is not due to the fault of the farmer, or because of residues of chemicals or toxic substances not included under the first sentence of this section if such chemicals or toxic substances were not used in a manner contrary to applicable regulations or labeling instructions provided at the time of use and the contamination is not due to the fault of the farmer, and inserted provision that no indemnity payment may be made for contamination resulting from residues of chemicals or toxic substances if the Secretary determines within thirty days after the date of application for payment that other legal recourse is available to the farmer.

1973—Pub. L. 93–86 inserted "for milk or cows producing such milk" after "The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make indemnity payments" and "(but only since August 10, 1973, in the case of indemnity payments not authorized prior to August 10, 1973)" after "January 1, 1964" and substituted ", and to make indemnity payments for dairy products at fair market value to" for "and" after "remove their milk" and "of" for "it contained" before "residues of chemicals".

1970—Pub. L. 91–524 inserted "and manufacturers of dairy products who have been directed since November 30, 1970, to remove their dairy products," after "milk", in first sentence, and substituted "Any indemnity payment to any farmer shall continue" for "Such indemnity payments shall continue to each dairy farmer" in second sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–113 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5603a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5603a: Global market strategy
Global market strategy
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not later than 180 days after May 13, 2002, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary of Agriculture shall consult with the Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on International Relations, of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on the formulation and implementation of a global market strategy for the Department of Agriculture that, to the maximum extent practicable—

(1) identifies opportunities for the growth of agricultural exports to overseas markets;

(2) ensures that the resources, programs, and policies of the Department are coordinated with those of other agencies; and

(3) remove 1 barriers to agricultural trade in overseas markets.

(b) Review

The consultations under subsection (a) shall include a review of—

(1) the strategic goals of the Department; and

(2) the progress of the Department in implementing the strategic goals through the global market strategy.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title III, §3206, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 301.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, and not as part of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

1 So in original. Probably should be "removes".
7 U.S.C. § 2220 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2220: Certain officials and employees of Department and others not subject to restriction on payment of compensation to Government officials and employees
Certain officials and employees of Department and others not subject to restriction on payment of compensation to Government officials and employees
Status: in_force

The officials and the employees of the Department of Agriculture engaged in the activities described in section 2279i of this title and paid in whole or in part out of funds contributed as provided therein, and the persons, corporations, or associations making contributions as therein provided, shall not be subject to the provisions of section 209 of title 18; nor shall any official or employee engaged in the cooperative activities of the Forest Service, or the persons, corporations, or associations contributing to such activities be subject to such section.

(July 24, 1919, ch. 26, 41 Stat. 270; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, §5, 68 Stat. 1227.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

"Section 209 of title 18" substituted in text for "section 1914 of title 18" on authority of section 2 of Pub. L. 87–849, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1126, which repealed section 1914 and supplanted it with section 209, and which provided that exemptions from section 1914 shall be deemed exemptions from section 209. For further details, see Exemptions note set out under section 203 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section was formerly classified to sections 67 and 564 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378. Thereafter, section was classified to section 450h of this title prior to its transfer to this section.

Amendments

1954—Act Sept. 3, 1954, substituted "section 1914 of title 18" for reference to proviso in Act of March 3, 1917 (5 U.S.C. 66).
7 U.S.C. § 5930 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5930: Reservation extension agents
Reservation extension agents
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, shall establish appropriate extension education programs on Indian reservations and tribal jurisdictions. In establishing these extension programs, the Secretary shall consult with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Intertribal Agriculture Council, and the Southwest Indian Agriculture Association, and shall make such interagency cooperative agreements or memoranda of understanding as may be necessary. The programs to be developed and delivered on reservations and within tribal jurisdictions shall be determined with the advice and counsel of reservation or tribal program advisory committees.

(b) Administration and management

Extension agents shall be employees of, and administratively responsible to, the Cooperative Extension Service of the State within which the reservation or tribal jurisdiction is located, and employment and personnel management responsibilities shall be vested with the State Cooperative Extension Service. In cases where a reservation or tribal jurisdiction is located in two or more States, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make the determination of administrative responsibility, including possible divisions along State boundaries.

(c) Advisory committees

At the request of a State Extension Director, and with the assistance of the tribal authorities, the Secretary of Agriculture may form an advisory committee to give overall policy and program advice to that State Extension Director with regard to programs conducted on reservations or within tribal jurisdictions. Program advisory committees may be formed to assist extension staff in development and conduct of program activities.

(d) Staffing

Insofar as possible, agent and specialist staff shall include individuals representative of the tribal grouping being served. Programs shall emphasize training and employment of local people in positions such as program aides, master gardeners, and volunteers. Staffing at a particular location shall be dependent on the needs and priorities of that location, as identified by the advisory committees and the State Extension Director, and the Director may make use of existing personnel and facilities as appropriate.

(e) Placing of agents

The number of offices and their placement shall be jointly determined by the State Extension Directors and tribal authorities of the respective States by taking into consideration the agricultural acreage within the boundaries of an Indian reservation or tribal jurisdiction, the soil classifications of such acreage, and the population of such reservation or tribal jurisdiction.

(f) Reduced regulatory burden

On a determination by the Secretary of Agriculture that a program carried out under this section has been satisfactorily administered for not less than 2 years, the Secretary shall implement a reduced reapplication process for the continued operation of the program in order to reduce regulatory burdens on participating university and tribal entities.

(g) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1677, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3779; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §407(15), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §840, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(23), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(23), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2031.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(23), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Extension Service".

1996—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 104–127 added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237, §407(15)(A), (B), substituted "reservation" for "Reservation" and "reservations" for "Reservations" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–237, §407(15)(A), substituted "reservation" for "Reservation" in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–237, §407(15)(C), substituted "tribal" for "Tribal" after "assistance of the".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–237, §407(15)(A), substituted "reservation" for "Reservation" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(23) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.

Indian Subsistence Farming Demonstration Grant Program

Pub. L. 102–237, title IX, subtitle C, §§931–939, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1889, established Indian subsistence farming demonstration grant program to provide grants to any Indian tribe, or intertribal consortium, for establishment on Indian reservations of subsistence farming operations that grow fresh produce for distribution to eligible recipients, and provided for definitions, applications for assistance, training and technical assistance by Extension Service, tribal consultation, use, amount, and terms of grants, additional requirements, and authorization of appropriations through fiscal year 1995, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §874, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175.
7 U.S.C. § 5679 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5679: Biotechnology and agricultural trade program
Biotechnology and agricultural trade program
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established in the Department the biotechnology and agricultural trade program.

(b) Purpose

The purpose of the program shall be to remove, resolve, or mitigate significant regulatory nontariff barriers to the export of United States agricultural commodities (as defined in section 5602 of this title) into foreign markets through public and private sector projects funded by grants that address—

(1) quick response intervention regarding nontariff barriers to United States exports involving—

(A) United States agricultural commodities produced through biotechnology or new agricultural production technologies;

(B) food safety;

(C) disease; or

(D) other sanitary or phytosanitary concerns; or

(2) developing protocols as part of bilateral negotiations with other countries on issues such as animal health, grain quality, and genetically modified commodities.

(c) Eligible programs

Depending on need, as determined by the Secretary, activities authorized under this section may be carried out through—

(1) this section;

(2) the emerging markets program under section 1542 1 and section 5623(d) of this title; or

(3) the Cochran Fellowship Program under section 3293 of this title.

(d) Funding

There is authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1543A, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title III, §3204, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 300; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title III, §§3201(b)(3)(C), 3301, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4617.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1542, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is section 1542 of title XV of Pub. L. 101–624, which is set out as a note under section 5622 of this title.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, and not as part of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §3301(1), inserted "or new agricultural production technologies" after "biotechnology".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §3201(b)(3)(C), inserted "and section 5623(d) of this title" after "section 1542".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–334, §3301(2), substituted "$2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023" for "$6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2007".

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 7102 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 99: SHEEP PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7102: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter (unless the context clearly requires otherwise):

(1) Board

The term "Board" means the National Sheep Promotion, Research, and Information Board established under section 7104(b) of this title.

(2) Carbonized wool

The term "carbonized wool" means wool that has been immersed in a bath, usually of mineral acids or acid salts, that destroys vegetable matter in the wool, but does not affect the wool fibres.1

(3) Consumer information

The term "consumer information" means nutritional data and other information that will assist consumers and other persons in making evaluations and decisions regarding the purchase, preparation, or use of sheep products.

(4) Customs Service

The term "Customs Service" means United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury.

(5) Degreased wool

The term "degreased wool" means wool from which the bulk of impurities has been removed by processing.

(6) Department

The term "Department" means the United States Department of Agriculture.

(7) Education

The term "education" means activities providing information relating to the sheep industry or sheep products to producers, feeders, importers, consumers, and other persons.

(8) Executive Committee

The term "Executive Committee" means the Executive Committee established under section 7104(g) of this title.

(9) Exporter

The term "exporter" means any person who exports domestic live sheep or greasy wool from the United States.

(10) Feeder

The term "feeder" means a person who feeds lambs until the lambs reach slaughter weight.

(11) Greasy wool

The term "greasy wool" means wool that has not been washed or otherwise cleaned.

(12) Handler

The term "handler" means any person who purchases and markets greasy wool.

(13) Importer

The term "importer" means any person who imports sheep or sheep products into the United States.

(14) Industry information

The term "industry information" means information and programs that will lead to increased efficiency in processing and the development of new markets, marketing strategies, increased marketing efficiency, and activities to enhance the image of sheep or sheep products on a national or international basis.

(15) Order

The term "order" means a sheep and wool promotion, research, education, and information order issued under section 7103 of this title.

(16) Person

The term "person" means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or any other legal entity.

(17) Processor

The term "processor" means any person who slaughters sheep or processes greasy wool into degreased wool.

(18) Producer

The term "producer" means any person, other than a feeder, who owns or acquires ownership of sheep.

(19) Producer information

The term "producer information" means activities designed to provide producers, feeders, and importers with information relating to production or marketing efficiencies or developments, program activities, or other information that would facilitate an increase in the consumption of sheep or sheep products.

(20) Promotion

The term "promotion" means any action (including paid advertising) to advance the image and desirability of sheep or sheep products to improve the competitive position, and stimulate sales, of sheep products in the domestic and international marketplace.

(21) Pulled wool

The term "pulled wool" means wool that is pulled from the skin of a slaughtered sheep.

(22) Qualified State sheep board

The term "qualified State sheep board" means a sheep and wool promotion entity that—

(A) is authorized by State statute or is otherwise organized and operating within a State;

(B) receives voluntary contributions or dues and conducts promotion, research, or consumer information programs with respect to sheep or wool, or both; and

(C) is recognized by the Board as the sheep and wool promotion entity within the State;

except that not more than 1 qualified State sheep board shall exist in any State at any 1 time.

(23) Raw wool

The term "raw wool" means greasy wool, pulled wool, degreased wool, or carbonized wool.

(24) Research

The term "research" means development projects and studies relating to the production (including the feeding of sheep), processing, distribution, or use of sheep or sheep products to encourage, expand, improve, or make more efficient the marketing of sheep or sheep products.

(25) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(26) Sheep

The term "sheep" means ovine animals of any age, including lambs.

(27) Sheep products

The term "sheep products" means products produced, in whole or in part, from sheep, including wool and products containing wool fiber.

(28) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States.

(29) Unit

The term "unit" means each State, group of States, or class designation that is represented on the Board.

(30) United States

The term "United States" means the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

(31) Wool

The term "wool" means the fiber from the fleece of a sheep.

(32) Wool products

The term "wool products" means products produced, in whole or in part, from wool and products containing wool fiber.

(Pub. L. 103–407, §3, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4211.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

1 So in original. Probably should be "fibers."
7 U.S.C. § 7913 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: DIRECT PAYMENTS AND COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS / Section 7913: Availability of direct payments
Availability of direct payments
Status: in_force

(a) Payment required

For each of the 2002 through 2007 crop years of each covered commodity, the Secretary shall make direct payments to producers on farms for which payment yields and base acres are established.

(b) Payment rate

The payment rates used to make direct payments with respect to covered commodities for a crop year are as follows:

(1) Wheat, $0.52 per bushel.

(2) Corn, $0.28 per bushel.

(3) Grain sorghum, $0.35 per bushel.

(4) Barley, $0.24 per bushel.

(5) Oats, $0.024 per bushel.

(6) Upland cotton, $0.0667 per pound.

(7) Rice, $2.35 per hundredweight.

(8) Soybeans, $0.44 per bushel.

(9) Other oilseeds, $0.0080 per pound.

(c) Payment amount

The amount of the direct payment to be paid to the producers on a farm for a covered commodity for a crop year shall be equal to the product of the following:

(1) The payment rate specified in subsection (b).

(2) The payment acres of the covered commodity on the farm.

(3) The payment yield for the covered commodity for the farm.

(d) Time for payment

(1) In general

The Secretary shall make direct payments—

(A) in the case of the 2002 crop year, as soon as practicable after May 13, 2002; and

(B) in the case of each of the 2003 through 2007 crop years, not before October 1 of the calendar year in which the crop of the covered commodity is harvested.

(2) Advance payments

At the option of the producers on a farm, up to 50 percent of the direct payment for a covered commodity for any of the 2003 through 2005 crop years, up to 40 percent of the direct payment for a covered commodity for the 2006 crop year, and up to 22 percent of the direct payment for a covered commodity for the 2007 crop year, shall be paid to the producers in advance. The producers shall select the month within which the advance payment for a crop year will be made. The month selected may be any month during the period beginning on December 1 of the calendar year before the calendar year in which the crop of the covered commodity is harvested through the month within which the direct payment would otherwise be made. The producers may change the selected month for a subsequent advance payment by providing advance notice to the Secretary.

(3) Repayment of advance payments

If a producer on a farm that receives an advance direct payment for a crop year ceases to be a producer on that farm, or the extent to which the producer shares in the risk of producing a crop changes, before the date the remainder of the direct payment is made, the producer shall be responsible for repaying the Secretary the applicable amount of the advance payment, as determined by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1103, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 109–171, title I, §1102(a), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 5.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–171 substituted "2005 crop years, up to 40 percent of the direct payment for a covered commodity for the 2006 crop year, and up to 22 percent of the direct payment for a covered commodity for the 2007 crop year," for "2007 crop years".
7 U.S.C. § 1339d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1339d: Hay production on set-aside or diverted acreage; storage; emergency use; loans
Hay production on set-aside or diverted acreage; storage; emergency use; loans
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall permit any producer who is participating in the wheat program under title IV of this Act, in the feed grain program under title V of this Act, or in the cotton program under title VI of this Act, in any year in which an acreage diversion or set-aside program is in effect, under any such program in which such producer is participating, subject to the conditions prescribed in subsection (b) of this section, to plant and harvest hay from 25 per centum of the acreage on the farm diverted from production under such programs or twenty-five acres, whichever is greater.

(b) Any producer who elects to plant and harvest hay on diverted or set aside acreage pursuant to this section shall first agree not to use any such hay harvested from such acreage unless authorized to do so by the Secretary.

(c) When any diverted or set aside acreage has been planted and harvested under authority of this section, the hay harvested therefrom shall be baled and stored in sealed storage on the farm in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe and shall be available only for use during periods of emergency declared by the Secretary. In order to avoid deterioration of such hay stored on the farm for emergency purposes pursuant to this section, the Secretary may permit such hay to be removed and used or sold from time to time so long as an amount of hay equal to the amount removed is previously placed in storage and sealed.

(d) Any farmer who has hay stored on his farm for emergency purposes pursuant to this section may remove such hay from storage and use it whenever the Secretary has (1) designated as an emergency area the area in which such farm is located, and (2) specifically authorized the use of emergency hay by farmers in the area.

(e) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make or guarantee loans to farmers, both tenants and landowners, to assist such farmers in the construction of storage facilities on the farm for the storage of emergency hay pursuant to the provisions of this section if such farmers are unable to obtain loans from commercial sources at reasonable rates and on reasonable terms and conditions. Loans made by the Secretary under this subsection shall be made at the current rate of interest for periods not exceeding ten years, and on such other terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(Pub. L. 91–524, title VIII, §805, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1382.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The wheat program under title IV of this Act, the feed grain program under title V of this Act, and the cotton program under title VI of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a), mean the programs for such crops as set out in the Agricultural Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–524, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358. Title IV of that Act enacted section 1334a–1 of this title, amended sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1378, 1379, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1379e, 1379g, 1385, 1427, 1428, and 1445a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1330 to 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, and 1379c of this title. Title V of that Act amended section 1444b of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1444b of this title. Title VI of that Act enacted sections 1342a, 1350a, and 2119 of this title, amended sections 1305, 1344b, 1350, 1374, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1444a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1305, 1342, 1342a, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1446d of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1970, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 147a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 7: INSECT PESTS GENERALLY / Section 147a: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 147a, acts Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title I, §102, 58 Stat. 735, as amended, which related to fees for inspection of plants for exporting or transiting, was transferred to section 7759 of this title.

Section 147b, Pub. L. 97–46, §1, Sept. 25, 1981, 95 Stat. 953, as amended, which related to transfer of funds for emergency arrest of animal or poultry diseases, was transferred to section 129a of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and was subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10418(a)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507.
7 U.S.C. § 178h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter II: CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Section 178h: Powers of Secretary of Commerce
Powers of Secretary of Commerce
Status: in_force

In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary of Commerce is authorized to—

(a) make grants to States, education institutions, scientific organizations, and Indian tribes as defined in the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93–638, 25 U.S.C. 450),1 and enter into contracts with such institutions and organizations and with industrial or engineering firms;

(b) acquire the services of biologists, agronomists, foresters, geneticists, engineers, economists, and other personnel having expertise in native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials by contract or otherwise;

(c) utilize the facilities of Federal and State institutions and other scientific laboratories;

(d) establish and operate necessary facilities and pilot plants to carry out the continuous research, testing, development, and programing necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section;

(e) acquire secret processes, technical data, invention, patent applications, patents, licenses, land and interests in land (including water rights), plants and facilities, and other property or rights by purchase, license, lease, or donation; and

(f) foster and participate in regional, national, and international conferences relating to the activities authorized by this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 95–592, §10, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2533; Pub. L. 98–284, §10, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 184.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 93–638, 25 U.S.C. 450), referred to in cl. (a), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, which was classified principally to subchapter II (§450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as chapter 46 (§5301 et seq.) of Title 25. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 25 and Tables.

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–284, §10(1), (2), in provisions preceding cl. (a) substituted "this subchapter" for "this section" and struck out ", acting through the Regional Commissions or otherwise," after "the Secretary of Commerce".

Cl. (b). Pub. L. 98–284, §10(3), inserted "having expertise in native agricultural crops which could supply critical agricultural materials".

Cl. (f). Pub. L. 98–284, §10(4), substituted "the activities authorized by this subchapter" for "natural rubber manufacture".

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 7286 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 7286: Commodity certificates
Commodity certificates
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In making in-kind payments under subchapter III of this chapter, title I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 [7 U.S.C. 7901 et seq.], title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], and Subtitle 1 B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.], the Commodity Credit Corporation may—

(1) acquire and use commodities that have been pledged to the Commodity Credit Corporation as collateral for loans made by the Corporation;

(2) use other commodities owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation; and

(3) redeem negotiable marketing certificates for cash under terms and conditions established by the Secretary.

(b) Methods of payment

The Commodity Credit Corporation may make in-kind payments—

(1) by delivery of the commodity at a warehouse or other similar facility;

(2) by the transfer of negotiable warehouse receipts;

(3) by the issuance of negotiable certificates, which the Commodity Credit Corporation shall exchange for a commodity owned or controlled by the Corporation in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Corporation; or

(4) by such other methods as the Commodity Credit Corporation determines appropriate to promote the efficient, equitable, and expeditious receipt of the in-kind payments so that a person receiving the payments receives the same total return as if the payments had been made in cash.

(c) Administration

(1) Form

At the option of a producer, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall make negotiable certificates authorized under subsection (b)(3) available to the producer, in the form of program payments or by sale, in a manner that the Corporation determines will encourage the orderly marketing of commodities pledged as collateral for loans made to producers under subchapter III of this chapter, title I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 [7 U.S.C. 7901 et seq.], title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 [7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.], and Subtitle 1 B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 [7 U.S.C. 9031 et seq.].

(2) Transfer

A negotiable certificate issued in accordance with this subsection may be transferred to another person in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary.

(3) Application of authority

Beginning with the 2015 crop marketing year, the Secretary shall carry out paragraph (1) under the same terms and conditions as were in effect for the 2008 crop year for loans made to producers under subtitle B [7 U.S.C. 8731 et seq.] of title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8701 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §166, as added Pub. L. 106–78, title VIII, §812, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1181; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1608, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1607, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1607, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1746, Pub. L. 114–113, div. A, title VII, §740, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c)(1), is Pub. L. 107–171, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 134. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 106 (§7901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7901 of this title and Tables.

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c)(1), (3), is Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1651. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 113 (§8701 et seq.) of this title. Subtitle B of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§8731 et seq.) of chapter 113 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8701 of this title and Tables.

The Agricultural Act of 2014, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c)(1), is Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 649. Title I of the Act is classified principally to chapter 115 (§9001 et seq.) of this title. Subtitle B of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§9031 et seq.) of chapter 115 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2015—Subsecs. (a), (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–113, §740(1), substituted "title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, and Subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014" for "and title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–113, §740(2), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The authority to carry out paragraph (1) terminates effective ending with the 2009 crop year."

2008—Subsecs. (a), (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §1607(1), substituted ", title I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, and title I of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008" for "and subtitle B and C of title I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §1607(2), added par. (3).

2002—Subsecs. (a), (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "subchapter III of this chapter and subtitle B and C of title I of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002" for "subchapter III of this chapter".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.
7 U.S.C. § 2329 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION OFFICE / Section 2329: Register of protected plant varieties
Register of protected plant varieties
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall maintain a register of descriptions of United States protected plant varieties.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title I, §9, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1543; Pub. L. 96–574, §4, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3350.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1980—Pub. L. 96–574 substituted "descriptions" for "published specifications", and struck out provisions requiring maintenance of a file for other information.
7 U.S.C. § 5311a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 84: NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Subchapter I: NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Section 5311a: Joint nutrition monitoring and related research activities
Joint nutrition monitoring and related research activities
Status: in_force

The Secretary and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall continue to provide jointly for national nutrition monitoring and related research activities carried out as of the date of enactment of this Act—

(1) to collect continuous dietary, health, physical activity, and diet and health knowledge data on a nationally representative sample;

(2) to periodically collect data on special at-risk populations, as identified by the Secretaries;

(3) to distribute information on health, nutrition, the environment, and physical activity to the public in a timely fashion;

(4) to analyze new data that becomes available;

(5) to continuously update food composition tables; and

(6) to research and develop data collection methods and standards.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4403, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4403, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1898.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, and not as part of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Section effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

Definition of "Secretary"

"Secretary" as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7914 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: DIRECT PAYMENTS AND COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS / Section 7914: Availability of counter-cyclical payments
Availability of counter-cyclical payments
Status: in_force

(a) Payment required

For each of the 2002 through 2007 crop years for each covered commodity, the Secretary shall make counter-cyclical payments to producers on farms for which payment yields and base acres are established with respect to the covered commodity if the Secretary determines that the effective price for the covered commodity is less than the target price for the covered commodity.

(b) Effective price

For purposes of subsection (a), the effective price for a covered commodity is equal to the sum of the following:

(1) The higher of the following:

(A) The national average market price received by producers during the 12-month marketing year for the covered commodity, as determined by the Secretary.

(B) The national average loan rate for a marketing assistance loan for the covered commodity in effect for the applicable period under subchapter II.

(2) The payment rate in effect for the covered commodity under section 7913 of this title for the purpose of making direct payments with respect to the covered commodity.

(c) Target price

(1) 2002 and 2003 crop years

For purposes of the 2002 and 2003 crop years, the target prices for covered commodities shall be as follows:

(A) Wheat, $3.86 per bushel.

(B) Corn, $2.60 per bushel.

(C) Grain sorghum, $2.54 per bushel.

(D) Barley, $2.21 per bushel.

(E) Oats, $1.40 per bushel.

(F) Upland cotton, $0.7240 per pound.

(G) Rice, $10.50 per hundredweight.

(H) Soybeans, $5.80 per bushel.

(I) Other oilseeds, $0.0980 per pound.

(2) Subsequent crop years

For purposes of each of the 2004 through 2007 crop years, the target prices for covered commodities shall be as follows:

(A) Wheat, $3.92 per bushel.

(B) Corn, $2.63 per bushel.

(C) Grain sorghum, $2.57 per bushel.

(D) Barley, $2.24 per bushel.

(E) Oats, $1.44 per bushel.

(F) Upland cotton, $0.7240 per pound.

(G) Rice, $10.50 per hundredweight.

(H) Soybeans, $5.80 per bushel.

(I) Other oilseeds, $0.1010 per pound.

(d) Payment rate

The payment rate used to make counter-cyclical payments with respect to a covered commodity for a crop year shall be equal to the difference between—

(1) the target price for the covered commodity; and

(2) the effective price determined under subsection (b) for the covered commodity.

(e) Payment amount

If counter-cyclical payments are required to be paid for any of the 2002 through 2007 crop years of a covered commodity, the amount of the counter-cyclical payment to be paid to the producers on a farm for that crop year shall be equal to the product of the following:

(1) The payment rate specified in subsection (d).

(2) The payment acres of the covered commodity on the farm.

(3) The payment yield or updated payment yield for the farm, depending on the election of the owner of the farm under section 7912 of this title.

(f) Time for payments

(1) General rule

If the Secretary determines under subsection (a) that counter-cyclical payments are required to be made under this section for the crop of a covered commodity, the Secretary shall make the counter-cyclical payments for the crop as soon as practicable after the end of the 12-month marketing year for the covered commodity.

(2) Availability of partial payments

If, before the end of the 12-month marketing year for a covered commodity, the Secretary estimates that counter-cyclical payments will be required for the crop of the covered commodity, the Secretary shall give producers on a farm the option to receive partial payments of the counter-cyclical payment projected to be made for that crop of the covered commodity.

(3) Time for partial payments

(A) 2002 through 2006 crop years

When the Secretary makes partial payments available under paragraph (2) for a covered commodity for any of the 2002 through 2006 crop years—

(i) the first partial payment for the crop year shall be made not earlier than October 1, and, to the maximum extent practicable, not later than October 31, of the calendar year in which the crop of the covered commodity is harvested;

(ii) the second partial payment shall be made not earlier than February 1 of the next calendar year; and

(iii) the final partial payment shall be made as soon as practicable after the end of the 12-month marketing year for the covered commodity.

(B) 2007 crop year

When the Secretary makes partial payments available for a covered commodity for the 2007 crop year—

(i) the first partial payment shall be made after completion of the first 6 months of the marketing year for the covered commodity; and

(ii) the final partial payment shall be made as soon as practicable after the end of the 12-month marketing year for the covered commodity.

(4) Amount of partial payments

(A) 2002 through 2006 crop years

(i) First partial payment

For each of the 2002 through 2006 crop years of a covered commodity, the first partial payment under paragraph (3) to the producers on a farm may not exceed 35 percent of the projected counter-cyclical payment for the covered commodity for the crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

(ii) Second partial payment

The second partial payment for a covered commodity for a crop year may not exceed the difference between—

(I) 70 percent of the projected counter-cyclical payment (including any revision thereof) for the crop of the covered commodity; and

(II) the amount of the payment made under clause (i).

(iii) Final payment

The final payment for a covered commodity for a crop year shall be equal to the difference between—

(I) the actual counter-cyclical payment to be made to the producers for the covered commodity for that crop year; and

(II) the amount of the partial payments made to the producers under clauses (i) and (ii) for that crop year.

(B) 2007 crop year

(i) First partial payment

For the 2007 crop year, the first partial payment under paragraph (3) to the producers on a farm may not exceed 40 percent of the projected counter-cyclical payment for the covered commodity for the crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

(ii) Final payment

The final payment for the 2007 crop year shall be equal to the difference between—

(I) the actual counter-cyclical payment to be made to the producers for the covered commodity for that crop year; and

(II) the amount of the partial payment made to the producers under clause (i).

(5) Repayment

The producers on a farm that receive a partial payment under this subsection for a crop year shall repay to the Secretary the amount, if any, by which the total of the partial payments exceed the actual counter-cyclical payment to be made for the covered commodity for that crop year.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1104, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 150.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subchapter II, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), was in the original "subtitle B", meaning subtitle B (§§1201–1209) of title I of Pub. L. 107–171, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 155, which is classified principally to subchapter II of this chapter. For complete classification of subtitle B to the Code, see Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 1639i (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter VI: LABELING OF CERTAIN FOOD / Section 1639i: Federal preemption
Federal preemption
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of food

In this subchapter, the term "food" has the meaning given the term in section 321 of title 21.

(b) Federal preemption

No State or a political subdivision of a State may directly or indirectly establish under any authority or continue in effect as to any food or seed in interstate commerce any requirement relating to the labeling of whether a food (including food served in a restaurant or similar establishment) or seed is genetically engineered (which shall include such other similar terms as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture) or was developed or produced using genetic engineering, including any requirement for claims that a food or seed is or contains an ingredient that was developed or produced using genetic engineering.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §295, as added Pub. L. 114–216, §1, July 29, 2016, 130 Stat. 838.)
7 U.S.C. § 2159 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2159: Authority to apply for injunctions
Authority to apply for injunctions
Status: in_force

(a) Request

Whenever the Secretary has reason to believe that any dealer, carrier, exhibitor, or intermediate handler is dealing in stolen animals, or is placing the health of any animal in serious danger in violation of this chapter or the regulations or standards promulgated thereunder, the Secretary shall notify the Attorney General, who may apply to the United States district court in which such dealer, carrier, exhibitor, or intermediate handler resides or conducts business for a temporary restraining order or injunction to prevent any such person from operating in violation of this chapter or the regulations and standards prescribed under this chapter.

(b) Issuance

The court shall, upon a proper showing, issue a temporary restraining order or injunction under subsection (a) without bond. Such injunction or order shall remain in effect until a complaint pursuant to section 2149 of this title is issued and dismissed by the Secretary or until an order to cease and desist made thereon by the Secretary has become final and effective or is set aside on appellate review. Attorneys of the Department of Agriculture may, with the approval of the Attorney General, appear in the United States district court representing the Secretary in any action brought under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §29, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XXV, §2503(2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4067.)
7 U.S.C. § 1727f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter III: EMERGENCY AND PRIVATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 1727f: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general revision of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3633.

Section 1727f, act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title III, §307, as added Aug. 3, 1977, Pub. L. 95–88, title II, §211(a)(2), 91 Stat. 551; amended Aug. 14, 1979, Pub. L. 96–53, title II, §207(b), 93 Stat. 369, related to annual presidential review of agreements for use of proceeds from sales of commodities.

A prior section 307 of act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title III, as added Sept. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–341, title I, §12, 73 Stat. 609, which enacted section 1696 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 89–808, §2(D), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1535.

Section 1727g, act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title III, §310, formerly §303, 68 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 85–931, §6, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1791; Pub. L. 90–436, §7, July 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 451; renumbered §310, Pub. L. 95–88, title II, §211(a)(1), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 548; Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1167(c), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1503, related to authority of Secretary to barter agricultural commodities for strategic and other materials.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Barter of Agricultural Commodities for Strategic and Critical Materials

Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1167(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1502, set out findings by Congress concerning the barter or exchange of agricultural commodities for strategic and critical materials for the national defense stockpile, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1572(3), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702.
7 U.S.C. § 1100 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 34: SUGAR PRODUCTION AND CONTROL / Section 1100: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, §1, 61 Stat. 922, provided that this chapter may be cited as the Sugar Act of 1948, and expired on Dec. 31, 1974.

A prior section, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, §1, 50 Stat. 903, provided that this chapter may be cited as the Sugar Act of 1937, and expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination Date

Section 412, formerly §411, of act Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, 61 Stat. 933, as amended by act Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 379, §5, 65 Stat. 320; renumbered §412 and amended by act May 29, 1956, ch. 342, §§17, 18, 70 Stat. 221; July 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–592, §1, 74 Stat. 330; Mar. 31, 1961, Pub. L. 87–15, §1, 75 Stat. 40; July 13, 1962, Pub. L. 87–535, §16, 76 Stat. 166; Nov. 8, 1965, Pub. L. 89–331, §12(5), 79 Stat. 1280; Oct. 14, 1971, Pub. L. 92–138, §18(a), 85 Stat. 390; Oct. 22, 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, §2, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "The powers vested in the Secretary under this Act [this chapter] shall terminate on December 31, 1974, or on March 31 of the year of termination of the tax imposed by section 4501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly IRC 1954] [section 4501(a) of Title 26] whichever is the earlier date, except that the Secretary shall have power to make payments under title III [subchapter III of this chapter]—

"(1) under programs applicable to the crop year 1974 and previous crop years, if the powers vested in the Secretary otherwise terminate on December 31, 1974, or

"(2) under programs applicable to the crop years preceding the calendar year in which the tax imposed under section 4501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] terminates, if the powers vested in the Secretary otherwise terminate before December 31, 1974."
7 U.S.C. § 725 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 27: COTTON MARKETING / Section 725: Repealed. Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106
Repealed. Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106
Status: repealed

Section, act Apr. 21, 1934, ch. 157, §25, as added June 20, 1934, ch. 687, 48 Stat. 1184, related to issuance of tax exemption certificates.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Collection of Unpaid Taxes

Act Mar. 2, 1936, ch. 112, 49 Stat. 1155, amending act Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106, which repealed this section provided that no tax, civil penalty, or interest which accrued under any provision of law repealed by said act Feb. 10, 1936, and which was uncollected on date of enactment of said act Feb. 10, 1936, was to be collected; and all liens for taxes, civil penalties, or interest arising out of taxes under such provisions of law were cancelled and released.
7 U.S.C. § 5311 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 84: NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Subchapter I: NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Section 5311: Establishment of coordinated program
Establishment of coordinated program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There is established a ten-year coordinated program, to be known as the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program, to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Implementation responsibility

The Secretaries shall be responsible for the implementation of the coordinated program.

(c) Establishment of Board

To assist in implementing the coordinated program, there is established an Interagency Board for Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research, of which an Assistant Secretary in the Department of Agriculture (designated by the Secretary of Agriculture) and an Assistant Secretary in the Department of Health and Human Services (designated by the Secretary of Health and Human Services) shall be joint chairpersons. The remaining membership of the Board shall consist of additional representatives of Federal agencies, as determined appropriate by the joint chairpersons of the Board. The Board shall meet no less often than once every three months for the two-year period following October 22, 1990, and when appropriate thereafter.

(d) Administrator

To establish a central focus and coordinator for the coordinated program, the Secretaries may appoint an Administrator of Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research. The Administrator shall—

(1) be an individual who is eminent in the field of nutrition monitoring and related areas and be selected on the basis of the established record of expertise and distinguished service of such individual; and

(2) administer the coordinated program with the advice and counsel of the joint chairpersons of the Board, serve as the focal point for the coordinated program, and serve as the Executive Secretary for the National Nutrition Monitoring Advisory Council.

(Pub. L. 101–445, title I, §101, Oct. 22, 1990, 104 Stat. 1035.)
7 U.S.C. § 7315 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter VII: COMMISSION ON 21st CENTURY PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE / Section 7315: Powers
Powers
Status: in_force

(a) Hearings

The Commission may, for the purpose of carrying out this subchapter, conduct such hearings, sit and act at such times, take such testimony, and receive such evidence, as the Commission considers appropriate.

(b) Assistance from other agencies

The Commission may secure directly from any department or agency of the Federal Government such information as may be necessary for the Commission to carry out its duties under this subchapter. On the request of the chairperson of the Commission, the head of the department or agency shall, to the extent permitted by law, furnish such information to the Commission.

(c) Mail

The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as the departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

(d) Assistance from Secretary

The Secretary shall provide to the Commission appropriate office space and such reasonable administrative and support services as the Commission may request.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §185, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 940.)
7 U.S.C. § 223 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter V: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 223: Responsibility of principal for act or omission of agent
Responsibility of principal for act or omission of agent
Status: in_force

When construing and enforcing the provisions of this chapter, the act, omission, or failure of any agent, officer, or other person acting for or employed by any packer, any swine contractor, and any live poultry dealer, stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer, within the scope of his employment or office, shall in every case also be deemed the act, omission, or failure of such packer, any swine contractor, and any live poultry dealer, stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer, as well as that of such agent, officer, or other person.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title IV, §403, 42 Stat. 168; Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title V, §503, as added Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 532, 49 Stat. 649; amended Pub. L. 100–173, §6, Nov. 23, 1987, 101 Stat. 918; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10502(b)(2)(C), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 510.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–171 inserted "any swine contractor, and" after "packer," in two places.

1987—Pub. L. 100–173 substituted ", any live poultry dealer," for "or any live poultry dealer or handler," in two places.

1935—Act Aug. 15, 1921, title V, §503, as added Aug. 14, 1935, inserted "or any live poultry dealer or handler" after "packer" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–173 effective 90 days after Nov. 23, 1987, see section 12 of Pub. L. 100–173, set out as a note under section 182 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6952 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter IV: FOOD, NUTRITION, AND CONSUMER SERVICES / Section 6952: Multiagency task force
Multiagency task force
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish, in the office of the Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services, a multiagency task force for the purpose of providing coordination and direction for commodity programs.

(b) Composition

The Task Force shall be composed of at least 4 members, including—

(1) a representative from the Food Distribution Division of the Food and Nutrition Service, who shall—

(A) be appointed by the Under Secretary for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services; and

(B) serve as Chairperson of the Task Force;

(2) at least 1 representative from the Agricultural Marketing Service, who shall be appointed by the Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs;

(3) at least 1 representative from the Farm Services Agency, who shall be appointed by the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation; and

(4) at least 1 representative from the Food Safety and Inspection Service, who shall be appointed by the Under Secretary for Food Safety.

(c) Duties

(1) In general

The Task Force shall be responsible for evaluation and monitoring of the commodity programs to ensure that the commodity programs meet the mission of the Department—

(A) to support the United States farm sector; and

(B) to contribute to the health and well-being of individuals in the United States through the distribution of domestic agricultural products through commodity programs.

(2) Specific duties

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Task Force shall—

(A) review and make recommendations regarding the specifications used for the procurement of food commodities;

(B) review and make recommendations regarding the efficient and effective distribution of food commodities; and

(C) review and make recommendations regarding the degree to which the quantity, quality, and specifications of procured food commodities align the needs of producers and the preferences of recipient agencies.

(d) Reports

Not later than 1 year after February 7, 2014, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes, for the period covered by the report—

(1) the findings and recommendations of the Task Force; and

(2) policies implemented for the improvement of commodity procurement programs.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §242, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4205, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 823; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12405(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4975.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation" for "Under Secretary for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services".
7 U.S.C. § 393 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 15: BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY / Section 393: Sale of pathological and zoological specimens; disposition of moneys
Sale of pathological and zoological specimens; disposition of moneys
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to prepare and sell at cost such pathological and zoological specimens as he may deem of scientific or educational value to scientists or others engaged in the work of hygiene and sanitation: Provided, That all moneys received from the sale of such specimens shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145, §1 [part], 37 Stat. 833.)

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of Bureau of Animal Industry transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §301, eff. July 1, 1947, 12 F.R. 4534, 61 Stat. 952. See note set out under section 391 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 598 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 25A: EXPORT STANDARDS FOR GRAPES AND PLUMS / Section 598: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of the chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the chapter and of the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

(Pub. L. 86–687, §8, Sept. 2, 1960, 74 Stat. 735.)
7 U.S.C. § 7217 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter II: PRODUCTION FLEXIBILITY CONTRACTS / Section 7217: Transfer or change of interest in lands subject to contract
Transfer or change of interest in lands subject to contract
Status: in_force

(a) Termination

Except as provided in subsection (c), a transfer of (or change in) the interest of an owner or producer subject to a contract in the contract acreage covered by the contract shall result in the termination of the contract with respect to the acreage, unless the transferee or owner of the acreage agrees to assume all obligations under the contract. The termination shall be effective on the date of the transfer or change.

(b) Modification

At the request of the transferee or owner, the Secretary may modify the contract if the modifications are consistent with the objectives of this subchapter, as determined by the Secretary.

(c) Exception

If an owner or producer who is entitled to a contract payment dies, becomes incompetent, or is otherwise unable to receive the contract payment, the Secretary shall make the payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §117, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 904.)
7 U.S.C. § 1704a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter II: ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE AND FOOD SECURITY / Section 1704a: Agreements for use of foreign currencies; reports to Congress
Agreements for use of foreign currencies; reports to Congress
Status: in_force

Within sixty days after any agreement is entered into for the use of any foreign currencies, a full report thereon shall be made to the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States and to the Committees on Agriculture and Appropriations thereof.

(Pub. L. 85–128, §1(5), Aug. 13, 1957, 71 Stat. 345.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Food for Peace Act which comprises this chapter.

Executive Documents

Transmission of Reports

For provisions requiring Secretary of Agriculture and Administrator of Agency for International Development to transmit reports required by this section as related to use of foreign currencies accruing under subchapters II and III–A of this chapter, see section 2(b)(3) of Ex. Ord. No. 12752, Feb. 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 8255, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7301 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter VI: PERMANENT PRICE SUPPORT AUTHORITY / Section 7301: Suspension and repeal of permanent price support authority
Suspension and repeal of permanent price support authority
Status: in_force

(a) Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938

(1) Suspensions

The following provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.] shall not be applicable to the 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and shall not be applicable to milk during the period beginning on April 4, 1996, and ending on December 31, 2002:

(A) Parts II through V of subtitle B of title III (7 U.S.C. 1326–1351) [7 U.S.C. 1321 et seq., 1331 et seq., 1341 et seq., 1351].

(B) Subsections (a) through (j) of section 358 (7 U.S.C. 1358).1

(C) Subsections (a) through (h) of section 358a (7 U.S.C. 1358a).1

(D) Subsections (a), (b), (d), and (e) of section 358d (7 U.S.C. 1359).1

(E) Part VII of subtitle B of title III (7 U.S.C. 1359aa–1359jj).

(F) In the case of peanuts, part I of subtitle C of title III (7 U.S.C. 1361–1368).

(G) In the case of upland cotton, section 377 (7 U.S.C. 1377).

(H) Subtitle D of title III (7 U.S.C. 1379a–1379j).

(I) Title IV (7 U.S.C. 1401–1407).

(2) Omitted

(b) Agricultural Act of 1949

(1) Suspensions

The following provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] shall not be applicable to the 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and shall not be applicable to milk during the period beginning on April 4, 1996, and ending on December 31, 2002:

(A) Section 101 (7 U.S.C. 1441).

(B) Section 103(a) (7 U.S.C. 1444(a)).

(C) Section 105 (7 U.S.C. 1444b).

(D) Section 107 (7 U.S.C. 1445a).

(E) Section 110 (7 U.S.C. 1445e).

(F) Section 112 (7 U.S.C. 1445g).

(G) Section 115 (7 U.S.C. 1445k).

(H) Section 201 (7 U.S.C. 1446).

(I) Title III (7 U.S.C. 1447–1449).

(J) Title IV (7 U.S.C. 1421–1433d), other than sections 404, 412, and 416 (7 U.S.C. 1424, 1429, and 1431).

(K) Title V (7 U.S.C. 1461–1469).

(L) Title VI (7 U.S.C. 1471–1471j).

(2) Repeals

The following provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] are repealed:

(A) Section 101B (7 U.S.C. 1441–2).

(B) Section 103B (7 U.S.C. 1444–2).

(C) Section 105B (7 U.S.C. 1444f).

(D) Section 107B [7 U.S.C. 1445b–3a].

(E) Section 108B (7 U.S.C. 1445c–3).

(F) Section 113 (7 U.S.C. 1445h).

(G) Subsections (b) and (c) of section 114 (7 U.S.C. 1445j).

(H) Sections 205, 206, and 207 (7 U.S.C. 1446f, 1446g, and 1446h).

(I) Sections 406 and 427 (7 U.S.C. 1426 and 1433f).

(3) Omitted

(c) Suspension of certain quota provisions

Section 1340 of this title shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 1996 through 2002.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §171, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 937; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1602(d), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 213.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§1281 et seq.) of this title. Parts II through V and VII of subtitle B of title III of the Act are classified generally to subparts II (§1321 et seq.), III (§1331 et seq.), IV (§1341 et seq.), V (§1351, which was omitted from the Code), and VII (§1359aa et seq.), respectively, of part B of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Part I of subtitle C of title III of the Act is classified generally to subpart I (§1361 et seq.) of part C of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Subtitle D of title III of the Act is classified generally to part D (§1379a et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Title IV of the Act was classified generally to subchapter III (§1401 et seq.) of chapter 35 of this title, and was omitted from the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Sections 1358, 1358a, and 1359 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B)–(D), were repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1309(a)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 179.

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), (2), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. Title III of the Act is classified generally to sections 1447 to 1449 of this title. Title IV of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§1421 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title. Title V of the Act, which was classified generally to subchapter IV (§1461 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title, was omitted from the Code. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 171 of Pub. L. 104–127. Subsec. (a)(2) of section 171 of Pub. L. 104–127 amended section 1373 of this title and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 1373 of this title. Subsec. (b)(3) of section 171 of Pub. L. 104–127 amended section 1441 of this title.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "1996 through 2001" for "1996 through 2002".

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 1379i (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1379i: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Forfeitures; amount; civil action

Any person who knowingly violates or attempts to violate or who knowingly participates or aids in the violation of any of the provisions of subsection (b) of section 1379d of this title shall forfeit to the United States a sum equal to two times the face value of the marketing certificates involved in such violation. Such forfeiture shall be recoverable in a civil action brought in the name of the United States.

(b) Misdemeanors; punishment

Any person, except a producer in his capacity as a producer, who knowingly violates or attempts to violate or who knowingly participates or aids in the violation of any provision of this part, or of any regulation, governing the acquisition, disposition, or handling of marketing certificates or who knowingly fails to make any report or keep any record as required by section 1379h of this title shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be subject to a fine of not more than $5,000 for each violation.

(c) Forfeiture of right to receive certificates; payment of face value

Any person who, in his capacity as a producer, knowingly violates or attempts to violate or participates or aids in the violation of any provision of this part, or of any regulation, governing the acquisition, disposition, or handling of marketing certificates or fails to make any report or keep any record as required by section 1379h of this title shall, (i) forfeit any right to receive marketing certificates, in whole or in part as the Secretary may determine, with respect to the farm or farms and for the marketing year with respect to which any such act or default is committed, or (ii), if such marketing certificates have already been issued, pay to the Secretary, upon demand, the amount of the face value of such certificates, or such part thereof as the Secretary may determine. Such determination by the Secretary with respect to the amount of such marketing certificates to be forfeited or the amount to be paid by such producer shall take into consideration the circumstances relating to the act or default committed and the seriousness of such act or default.

(d) Felonies; punishment

Any person who falsely makes, issues, alters, forges, or counterfeits any marketing certificate, or with fraudulent intent possesses, transfers, or uses any such falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or counterfeited marketing certificate, shall be deemed guilty of a felony and upon conviction thereof shall be subject to a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than ten years, or both.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §379i, as added Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §324(2), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 629; amended Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §510(b), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1205.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This part, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), commences with section 1379a of this title.

Amendments

1965—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 89–321 inserted "knowingly" after "who" wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §510(b), Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1205, provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 89–321 is effective as of the effective date of the original enactment of this section.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(3) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(3) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(3) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(H) of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period June 1, 1991, through May 31, 1996, see section 302 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period June 1, 1986, through May 31, 1991, see section 309 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period June 1, 1982, through May 31, 1986, see section 302 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period July 1, 1973, through May 31, 1982, see section 403 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processed or exported during period July 1, 1973, through June 30, 1978, see section 403(b) of Pub. L. 91–524, as added by section 1(10) of Pub. L. 93–86, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7719 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 104: PLANT PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT PROTECTION / Section 7719: Methyl bromide
Methyl bromide
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary, upon request of State, local, or tribal authorities, shall determine whether methyl bromide treatments or applications required by State, local, or tribal authorities to prevent the introduction, establishment, or spread of plant pests (including diseases) or noxious weeds should be authorized as an official control or official requirement. The Secretary shall not authorize such treatments or applications unless the Secretary finds there is no other registered, effective, and economically feasible alternative available.

(b) Methyl bromide alternative

The Secretary, in consultation with State, local and tribal authorities, shall establish a program to identify alternatives to methyl bromide for treatment and control of plant pests and weeds. For uses where no registered, effective, economically feasible alternatives available can currently be identified, the Secretary shall initiate research programs to develop alternative methods of control and treatment.

(c) Registry

Not later than 180 days after May 13, 2002, the Secretary shall publish, and thereafter maintain, a registry of State, local, and tribal requirements authorized by the Secretary under this section.

(d) Administration

(1) Timeline for determination

Upon the promulgation of regulations to carry out this section, the Secretary shall make the determination required by subsection (a) not later than 90 days after receiving the request for such a determination.

(2) Construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or modify the authority of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or to provide any authority to the Secretary of Agriculture under the Clean Air Act [42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.] or regulations promulgated under the Clean Air Act.

(Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, §419, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7504(c), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 466.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 2009h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter V: RURAL COMMUNITY ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM / Section 2009h: Local involvement
Local involvement
Status: in_force

An application for assistance under this subchapter shall include evidence of significant community support for the project for which the assistance is requested. In the case of assistance for a community facilities or infrastructure project, the evidence shall be in the form of a certification of support for the project from each affected general purpose local government.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §381I, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §761, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1146.)
7 U.S.C. § 7213 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter II: PRODUCTION FLEXIBILITY CONTRACTS / Section 7213: Amounts available for contract payments
Amounts available for contract payments
Status: in_force

(a) Fiscal year amounts

The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, expend the following amounts to satisfy the obligations of the Secretary under all contracts:

(1) For fiscal year 1996, $5,570,000,000.

(2) For fiscal year 1997, $5,385,000,000.

(3) For fiscal year 1998, $5,800,000,000.

(4) For fiscal year 1999, $5,603,000,000.

(5) For fiscal year 2000, $5,130,000,000.

(6) For fiscal year 2001, $4,130,000,000.

(7) For fiscal year 2002, $4,008,000,000.

(b) Allocation

The amount made available for a fiscal year under subsection (a) shall be allocated as follows:

(1) For wheat, 26.26 percent.

(2) For corn, 46.22 percent.

(3) For grain sorghum, 5.11 percent.

(4) For barley, 2.16 percent.

(5) For oats, 0.15 percent.

(6) For upland cotton, 11.63 percent.

(7) For rice, 8.47 percent.

(c) Adjustment

The Secretary shall adjust the amounts allocated for each contract commodity under subsection (b) for a particular fiscal year by—

(1) adding an amount equal to the sum of all repayments of deficiency payments required under section 114(a)(2) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1445j(a)(2)) for the commodity;

(2) adding an amount equal to the sum of all refunds of contract payments received during the preceding fiscal year under section 7216 of this title for the commodity; and

(3) subtracting an amount equal to the amount, if any, necessary during that fiscal year to satisfy payment requirements for the commodity under sections 103B, 105B, or 107B of the Agricultural Act of 1949 for the 1994 and 1995 crop years.

(d) Additional rice allocation

In addition to the adjustments required under subsection (c), the amount allocated under subsection (b) for rice contract payments shall be increased by $8,500,000 for each of fiscal years 1997 through 2002.

(e) Exclusion of certain amounts from contract payments

Any amount added pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (c) to the amount available under subsection (a) for a fiscal year and paid to owners and producers under a contract shall not be treated as a contract payment for purposes of section 7215 of this title or section 1308(1) 1 of this title. However, the amount of a payment covered by this subsection may not exceed $50,000 per person.

(f) Effect of payment limitation

The amount available under subsection (a) for a fiscal year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the total amount of contract payments for the fiscal year that owners and producers forgo as a result of operation of the payment limitation under section 1308(1) 1 of this title.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §113, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 900.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 103B, 105B, and 107B of the Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), were classified to sections 1444–2, 1444f, and 1445b–3a, respectively, of this title prior to repeal by section 7301(b)(2)(A)–(D) of this title.

Section 1308(1) of this title, referred to in subsecs. (e), (f), was repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1603(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 213.

1 See References in text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 499g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 20A: PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 499g: Reparation order
Reparation order
Status: in_force

(a) Determination by Secretary of Agriculture of amount of damages; order for payment

If after a hearing on a complaint made by any person under section 499f of this title, or without hearing as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of section 499f of this title, or upon failure of the party complained against to answer a complaint duly served within the time prescribed, or to appear at a hearing after being duly notified, the Secretary determines that the commission merchant, dealer, or broker has violated any provision of section 499b of this title, he shall, unless the offender has already made reparation to the person complaining, determine the amount of damage, if any, to which such person is entitled as a result of such violation and shall make an order directing the offender to pay to such person complaining such amount on or before the date fixed in the order. The Secretary shall order any commission merchant, dealer, or broker who is the losing party to pay the prevailing party, as reparation or additional reparation, reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with any such hearing. If, after the respondent has filed his answer to the complaint, it appears therein that the respondent has admitted liability for a portion of the amount claimed in the complaint as damages, the Secretary under such rules and regulations as he shall prescribe, unless the respondent has already made reparation to the person complaining, may issue an order directing the respondent to pay to the complainant the undisputed amount on or before the date fixed in the order, leaving the respondent's liability for the disputed amount for subsequent determination. The remaining disputed amount shall be determined in the same manner and under the same procedure as it would have been determined if no order had been issued by the Secretary with respect to the undisputed sum.

(b) Failure to comply with order of Secretary; suit to enforce liability; order as evidence; costs and fees

If any commission merchant, dealer, or broker does not pay the reparation award within the time specified in the Secretary's order, the complainant, or any person for whose benefit such order was made, may within three years of the date of the order file in the district court of the United States for the district in which he resides or in which is located the principal place of business of the commission merchant, dealer, or broker, or in any State court having general jurisdiction of the parties, a petition setting forth briefly the causes for which he claims damages and the order of the Secretary in the premises. The orders, writs, and processes of the district courts may in these cases run, be served, and be returnable anywhere in the United States. Such suit in the district court shall proceed in all respects like other civil suits for damages, except that the findings and orders of the Secretary shall be prima-facie evidence of the facts therein stated, and the petitioner shall not be liable for costs in the district court, nor for costs at any subsequent state of the proceedings, unless they accrue upon his appeal. If the petitioner finally prevails, he shall be allowed a reasonable attorney's fee, to be taxed and collected as a part of the costs of the suit.

(c) Appeal from reparation order; proceedings

Either party adversely affected by the entry of a reparation order by the Secretary may, within thirty days from and after the date of such order, appeal therefrom to the district court of the United States for the district in which said hearing was held: Provided, That in cases handled without a hearing in accordance with subsections (c) and (d) of section 499f of this title or in which a hearing has been waived by agreement of the parties, appeal shall be to the district court of the United States for the district in which the party complained against is located. Such appeal shall be perfected by the filing with the clerk of said court a notice of appeal, together with a petition in duplicate which shall recite prior proceedings before the Secretary and shall state the grounds upon which the petitioner relies to defeat the right of the adverse party to recover the damages claimed, with proof of service thereof upon the adverse party. Such appeal shall not be effective unless within thirty days from and after the date of the reparation order the appellant also files with the clerk a bond in double the amount of the reparation awarded against the appellant conditioned upon the payment of the judgment entered by the court, plus interest and costs, including a reasonable attorney's fee for the appellee, if the appellee shall prevail. Such bond shall be in the form of cash, negotiable securities having a market value at least equivalent to the amount of bond prescribed, or the undertaking of a surety company on the approved list of sureties issued by the Treasury Department of the United States. The clerk of court shall immediately forward a copy thereof to the Secretary of Agriculture, who shall forthwith prepare, certify, and file in said court a true copy of the Secretary's decision, findings of fact, conclusions, and order in said case, together with copies of the pleadings upon which the case was heard and submitted to the Secretary. Such suit in the district court shall be a trial de novo and shall proceed in all respects like other civil suits for damages, except that the findings of fact and order or orders of the Secretary shall be prima-facie evidence of the facts therein stated. Appellee shall not be liable for costs in said court and if appellee prevails he shall be allowed a reasonable attorney's fee to be taxed and collected as a part of his costs. Such petition and pleadings certified by the Secretary upon which decision was made by him shall upon filing in the district court constitute the pleadings upon which said trial de novo shall proceed subject to any amendment allowed in that court.

(d) Suspension of license for failure to obey reparation order or appeal

Unless the licensee against whom a reparation order has been issued shows to the satisfaction of the Secretary within five days from the expiration of the period allowed for compliance with such order that he has either taken an appeal as herein authorized or has made payment in full as required by such order his license shall be suspended automatically at the expiration of such five-day period until he shows to the satisfaction of the Secretary that he has paid the amount therein specified with interest thereon to date of payment: Provided, That if on appeal the appellee prevails or if the appeal is dismissed the automatic suspension of license shall become effective at the expiration of thirty days from the date of the judgment on the appeal, but if the judgment is stayed by a court of competent jurisdiction the suspension shall become effective ten days after the expiration of such stay, unless prior thereto the judgment of the court has been satisfied.

(June 10, 1930, ch. 436, §7, 46 Stat. 534; Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 120, §§11–13, 48 Stat. 587, 588; June 19, 1936, ch. 602, §3, 49 Stat. 1534; Aug. 20, 1937, ch. 719, §10, 50 Stat. 728; June 23, 1938, ch. 599, 52 Stat. 953; May 14, 1940, ch. 196, 54 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 87–725, §§9, 10, Oct. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 92–231, §2, Feb. 15, 1972, 86 Stat. 38; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1011(5), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1898.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 557 of this title.

Amendments

1991—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted periods for semicolons at end of subsecs. (a) to (c).

1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–231 directed the Secretary to order commission merchants, dealers, or brokers who are the losing party to pay the prevailing party, as reparation or additional reparation, reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with hearings.

1962—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–725, §9, limited time for filing the bond to within 30 days from and after the date of the reparation order, and required such bond to be in cash, negotiable securities having a market value of at least equivalent to the amount of bond prescribed or the undertaking of a surety company on the approved list of sureties issued by the Treasury Department.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–725, §10, lengthened period upon the expiration of which the license is suspended from ten to thirty days, and provided that if the judgment is stayed by a court of competent jurisdiction the suspension becomes effective ten days after the expiration of such stay.

1940—Subsec. (c). Act May 14, 1940, inserted proviso in first sentence.

1938—Subsec. (a). Act June 23, 1938, inserted last two sentences.

1937—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 20, 1937, among other changes, inserted "or without hearing as provided in section 499f of this title, paragraphs (c) and (d), or upon failure of the party complained against to answer a complaint duly served within the time prescribed, or to appear at a hearing after being duly notified" after "section 499f".

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 20, 1937, among other changes, substituted "pay the reparation award" for "comply with an order for the payment of money".

Subsec. (c). Act Aug. 20, 1937, inserted "together with a bond in double the amount of the reparation award conditioned upon the payment of the judgment entered by the court plus interest and costs, including a reasonable attorney's fee for the appellee, if the appellee shall prevail" after "upon adverse party" and struck out proviso in first sentence and "by registered mail" after "adverse party".

Subsec. (d). Act Aug. 20, 1937, inserted proviso.

1936—Subsec. (c). Act June 19, 1936, inserted proviso in first sentence and "by registered mail" after "adverse party".

1934—Subsec. (b). Act Apr. 13, 1934, §11, inserted after first sentence "The orders, writs and processes of the district courts may in these cases run, be served, and be returnable anywhere in the United States."

Subsecs. (c), (d). Act Apr. 13, 1934, §§12, 13, added subsecs. (c) and (d).
7 U.S.C. § 2567 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter III: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND RIGHTS / Section 2567: Limitation of damages; marking and notice
Limitation of damages; marking and notice
Status: in_force

Owners may give notice to the public by physically associating with or affixing to the container of seed of a variety or by fixing to the variety, a label containing either the words "Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited" or the words "Unauthorized Seed Multiplication Prohibited" and after the certificate issues, such additional words as "U.S. Protected Variety". In the event the variety is distributed by authorization of the owner and is received by the infringer without such marking, no damages shall be recovered against such infringer by the owner in any action for infringement, unless the infringer has actual notice or knowledge that propagation is prohibited or that the variety is a protected variety, in which event damages may be recovered only for infringement occurring after such notice. As to both damages and injunction, a court shall have discretion to be lenient as to disposal of materials acquired in good faith by acts prior to such notice.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §127, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1557; Pub. L. 96–574, §19(b), Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3351; Pub. L. 103–349, §11, Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3142.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–349 in first sentence struck out "novel" before "variety or" and before "variety, a", and in second sentence struck out "novel" before "variety is distributed".

1980—Pub. L. 96–574 substituted "either the words 'Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited' or the words 'Unauthorized Seed Multiplication Prohibited' " for "the words 'Propagation Prohibited' ".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–349 effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as a note under section 2401 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 501 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21: TOBACCO STATISTICS / Section 501: Collection and publication; facts required; deteriorated tobacco
Collection and publication; facts required; deteriorated tobacco
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to collect and publish statistics of the quantity of leaf tobacco in all forms in the United States and Puerto Rico, owned by or in the possession of dealers, manufacturers, quasi-manufacturers, growers' cooperative associations, warehousemen, brokers, holders, or owners, other than the original growers of tobacco. The statistics shall show the quantity of tobacco in such detail as to types, groups of grades, and such other subdivisions as to quality, color, and/or grade for particular types, as the Secretary of Agriculture shall deem to be practical and necessary for the purposes of this chapter, shall be summarized as of January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1 of each year, and an annual report on tobacco statistics shall be issued: Provided, That the Secretary of Agriculture shall not be required to collect statistics of leaf tobacco from any manufacturer of tobacco who, in the first three quarters of the preceding calendar year, according to the returns of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue or the record of the Treasurer of Puerto Rico, manufactured less than thirty-five thousand pounds of tobacco, or from any manufacturer of cigars who, during the first three quarters of the preceding calendar year, manufactured less than one hundred and eighty-five thousand cigars, or from any manufacturer of cigarettes who, during the first three quarters of the preceding year, manufactured less than seven hundred and fifty thousand cigarettes: And provided further, That the Secretary of Agriculture may omit the collection of statistics from any dealer, manufacturer, growers' cooperative association, warehouseman, broker, holder, or owner who does not own and/or have in stock, in the aggregate, fifty thousand pounds or more of leaf tobacco on the date as of which the reports are made. For the purposes of this chapter, any tobacco which has deteriorated on account of age or other causes to the extent that it is not merchantable or is unsuitable for use in manufacturing tobacco products shall be classified with other nondescript tobacco and reported in the "N" group of the type to which it belongs.

(Jan. 14, 1929, ch. 69, §1, 45 Stat. 1079; July 14, 1932, ch. 480, §1, 47 Stat. 662; Aug. 27, 1935, ch. 749, §1, 49 Stat. 893.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1935—Act Aug. 27, 1935, inserted "and Puerto Rico" after "United States", substituted "seven hundred and fifty thousand cigarettes" for "one million cigarettes" before second proviso and inserted second proviso.

1932—Act July 14, 1932, substituted "thirty-five" for "fifty" and "one hundred and eighty-five thousand cigars" and "one million" for "seven hundred and fifty thousand cigarettes".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Porto Rico" changed to "Puerto Rico" by act May 17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158.

Separability

Act Aug. 27, 1935, ch. 749, §4, 49 Stat. 894, provided that: "If any provision of this Act [amending this section and sections 502 and 505 of this title], or the application of such provision to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provisions to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby."
7 U.S.C. § 2441 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2441: Examination of application
Examination of application
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall cause an examination to be made of the application and if on such examination it is determined that the applicant is entitled to plant variety protection under the law, the Secretary shall issue a notice of allowance of plant variety protection therefor as hereinafter provided.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §61, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1549.)
7 U.S.C. § 1389 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1389: Personnel
Personnel
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized and directed to provide for the execution by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration of such of the powers conferred upon him by this chapter as he deems may be appropriately exercised by such Administration; and for such purposes the provisions of law applicable to appointment and compensation of persons employed by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration shall apply.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §389, 52 Stat. 69.)

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Functions of Agricultural Adjustment Administration transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See note set out under section 610 of this title.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration consolidated with other agencies into Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration for duration of war, see Ex. Ord. No. 9069.
7 U.S.C. § 5881 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter V: PLANT AND ANIMAL PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM / Section 5881: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §862(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §862(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174
Status: repealed

Section 5881, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1650, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3754, related to plant and animal pest and disease control program.

Section 5882, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1651, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3754, related to pest and disease control data base and pesticide resistance monitoring.

Section 5883, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1652, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3755; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §407(8), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865, related to research on control and eradication of exotic pests.

Section 5884, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1653, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3755, provided for study of biology and behavior of chinch bugs.

Section 5885, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1654, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3756, authorized appropriations for plant, pest, and disease control program.
7 U.S.C. § 1997 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1997: Conservation easements
Conservation easements
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

For purposes of this section:

(1) The term "governmental entity" means any agency of the United States, a State, or a unit of local government of a State.

(2) The terms "highly erodible land" and "wetland" have the meanings, respectively, that such terms are given in section 3801 of title 16.

(3) The term "wildlife" means fish or wildlife as defined in section 3371 of title 16.

(4) The term "recreational purposes" includes hunting.

(b) Contracts on loan security properties

Subject to subsection (c), the Secretary may enter into a contract related to real property for conservation, recreation, or wildlife purposes.

(c) Limitations

The Secretary may enter into a contract under subsection (b) if—

(1) such property is wetland, upland, or highly erodible land;

(2) such property is determined by the Secretary to be suitable for the purposes involved; and

(3)(A) such property secures any loan made under any law administered by the Secretary and held by the Secretary; and

(B) such contract better enables a qualified borrower to repay the loan in a timely manner, as determined by the Secretary.

(d) Terms and conditions

The terms and conditions specified in each such contract shall—

(1) specify the purposes for which such real property may be used;

(2) identify the conservation measures to be taken, and the recreational and wildlife uses to be allowed, with respect to such real property; and

(3) require such owner to permit the Secretary, and any person or governmental entity designated by the Secretary, to have access to such real property for the purpose of monitoring compliance with such contract.

(e) Purchase; limitation upon cancellation or prepayment

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary may reduce or forgive the outstanding debt of a borrower—

(A) in the case of a borrower to whom the Secretary has made one or more outstanding loans under laws administered by the Secretary, by canceling that part of the aggregate amount of such outstanding loans that bears the same ratio to such aggregate amount as the number of acres of the real property of the borrower that are subject to the contract bears to the aggregate number of acres securing such loans; or

(B) in any other case, by treating as prepaid that part of the principal amount of a new loan to the borrower issued and held by the Secretary under a law administered by the Secretary that bears the same ratio to such principal amount as the number of acres of the real property of the borrower that are subject to the contract bears to the aggregate number of acres securing the new loan.

(2) The amount so canceled or treated as prepaid pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not exceed—

(A) in the case of a delinquent loan, the value of the land on which the contract is entered into or the difference between the amount of the outstanding loan secured by the land and the value of the land, whichever is greater; or

(B) in the case of a nondelinquent loan, 33 percent of the amount of the loan secured by the land.

(f) Consultations with Director of Fish and Wildlife Service

If the Secretary elects to use the authority provided by this section, the Secretary shall consult with the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service for purposes of—

(1) selecting real property in which the Secretary may enter into contracts under this section;

(2) formulating the terms and conditions of such contracts; and

(3) enforcing such contracts.

(g) Enforcement

The Secretary, and any person or governmental entity designated by the Secretary, may enforce a contract entered into by the Secretary under this section.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §349, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIII, §1318(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1530; amended Pub. L. 100–233, title VI, §612, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1674; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, §1815, title XXIII, §2388(j), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3825, 4053; Pub. L. 104–127, title VI, §642, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1102; Pub. L. 117–243, §2(b)(1), Dec. 20, 2022, 136 Stat. 2336.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 117–243 substituted "section 3371" for "section 3371(a)".

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary may acquire and retain an easement in real property, for a term of not less than 50 years, for conservation, recreational, and wildlife purposes."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(2)(A), inserted heading and substituted "The Secretary may enter into a contract under subsection (b) if" for "Such easement may be acquired or retained for real property if".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(2)(B), inserted "and" at end.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(2)(C), struck out "(i)" after "(3)(A)", substituted "administered by the Secretary" for "administered by the Farmers Home Administration", redesignated cl. (ii) of subpar. (A) as subpar. (B), substituted "such contract" for "such easement" and a period for "; or" at end, and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "such property is administered under this chapter by the Secretary; and".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(2)(D), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: "such property was (except in the case of wetland and other wildlife habitat) row cropped each year of the 3-year period ending on December 23, 1985."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(3), substituted "contract" for "easement" in introductory provisions and par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(4), in par. (1), substituted "reduce or forgive the outstanding debt of a borrower" for "purchase any such easement from the borrower" in introductory provisions, in subpars. (A) and (B), substituted "administered by the Secretary" for "administered by the Farmers Home Administration" and "contract bears" for "easement bears", and in par. (2)(A), substituted "contract is entered into" for "easement is acquired".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(5), in par. (1), substituted "enter into contracts" for "acquire easements" and in pars. (2) and (3), substituted "contracts" for "easements".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–127, §642(6), substituted "a contract entered into" for "an easement acquired".

1990—Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 101–624, §2388(j), redesignated par. (5) as (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1815(1)(A)–(D), (F), (G), in introductory provision, struck out "such property" after "real property if", and inserted "such property" after par. (1), (2), (3)(A)(i), (3)(B), and (4) designations.

Subsec. (c)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 101–624, §1815(1)(E), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "the borrower of such loan is unable, as determined by the Secretary, to repay such loan in a timely manner; or".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–624, §1815(2), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "Any such easement acquired by the Secretary shall be purchased from the borrower involved by canceling that part of the aggregate amount of such outstanding loans of the borrower held by the Secretary under laws administered by the Farmers Home Administration that bears the same ratio to the aggregate amount of the outstanding loans of such borrower held by the Secretary under all such laws as the number of acres of the real property of such borrower that are subject to such easement bears to the aggregate number of acres securing such loans. In no case shall the amount so cancelled exceed the value of the land on which the easement is acquired or the difference between the amount of the outstanding loan secured by the land and the current value of the land, whichever is greater."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–624, §1815(9), struck out subsec. (h) which read as follows: "This section shall not apply with respect to the cancellation of any part of any loan that was made after December 25, 1985."

1988—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 100–233, §612(1), inserted "and other wildlife habitat" after "wetland".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–233, §612(2), inserted "or the difference between the amount of the outstanding loan secured by the land and the current value of the land, whichever is greater" at end of second sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–127 effective 90 days after Apr. 4, 1996, see section 663(b) of Pub. L. 104–127, set out as a note under section 1922 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 473d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 19: COTTON STATISTICS AND ESTIMATES / Section 473d: Quality tests and analyses by Secretary for breeders and others; fees
Quality tests and analyses by Secretary for breeders and others; fees
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make analyses of fiber properties, spinning tests, and other tests of the quality of cotton samples submitted to him by cotton breeders and other persons, subject to such terms and conditions and to the payment by such cotton breeders and other persons of such fees as he may prescribe by regulations under this chapter. The fees to be assessed hereunder shall be reasonable, and, as nearly as may be, to cover the cost of the service rendered.

(Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 337, §3d, as added Apr. 7, 1941, ch. 42, 55 Stat. 131.)