12 U.S.C. § 5436 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter III: TRANSFER OF POWERS TO THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, THE CORPORATION, AND THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS / Section 5436: Continuation of services
Continuation of services
Status: in_force

Any agency, department, or other instrumentality of the United States, and any successor to any such agency, department, or instrumentality, that was, before the transfer date, providing support services to the Office of Thrift Supervision in connection with functions transferred to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Corporation or the Board of Governors under this title,1 shall—

(1) continue to provide such services, subject to reimbursement by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Corporation, or the Board of Governors, until the transfer of functions under this title 1 is complete; and

(2) consult with the Comptroller of the Currency, the Chairperson of the Corporation, or the Chairman of the Board of Governors, as appropriate, to coordinate and facilitate a prompt and orderly transition.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §326, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1537.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title, referred to in text, is title III of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1520, known as the Enhancing Financial Institution Safety and Soundness Act of 2010, which enacted this subchapter and sections 4b and 16 of this title, amended sections 1, 11, 248, 461, 481, 482, 1438, 1462, 1462a, 1463, to 1464, 1466a, 1467, 1467a, 1468, 1468a, to 1468b, 1470, 1701c, 1701p–1, 1708, 1757, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1812, 1813, 1817, 1818, 1820, 1821, 1823, 1828, 1829, 1831e, 1831j, 1833b, 1833e, 1834, 1841, 1843, 1844, 1861, 1867, 1881, 1882, 1884, 1972, 2709, 2902, 2905, 3206 to 3208, 3332, 4515, and 4517 of this title, section 906 of Title 2, The Congress, sections 78c, 78l, 78o–5, and 78w of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 212, 657, 981, 982, 1006, 1014, and 1032 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 321 and 714 of Title 31, Money and Finance, section 41501 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement, sections 4003 and 8105 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and section 3502 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, repealed section 1441a of this title, enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1, 16, 1438, 1787, 1812, 1817, and 1821 of this title and section 906 of Title 2, and amended provisions set out as notes under sections 1437, 1463, 1464, 1467a, 1707, 1812, and 1818 of this title. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 342 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter IX: POWERS AND DUTIES OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS / Section 342: Deposits; exchange and collection; member and nonmember banks or other depository institutions; charges
Deposits; exchange and collection; member and nonmember banks or other depository institutions; charges
Status: in_force

Any Federal reserve bank may receive from any of its member banks, or other depository institutions, and from the United States, deposits of current funds in lawful money, national-bank notes, Federal reserve notes, or checks, and drafts, payable upon presentation or other items, and also, for collection, maturing notes and bills; or, solely for purposes of exchange or of collection may receive from other Federal reserve banks deposits of current funds in lawful money, national-bank notes, or checks upon other Federal reserve banks, and checks and drafts, payable upon presentation within its district or other items, and maturing notes and bills payable within its district; or, solely for the purposes of exchange or of collection, may receive from any nonmember bank or trust company or other depository institution deposits of current funds in lawful money, national-bank notes, Federal reserve notes, checks and drafts payable upon presentation or other items, or maturing notes and bills: Provided, Such nonmember bank or trust company or other depository institution maintains with the Federal Reserve bank of its district a balance in such amount as the Board determines taking into account items in transit, services provided by the Federal Reserve bank, and other factors as the Board may deem appropriate: Provided further, That nothing in this or any other section of this chapter shall be construed as prohibiting a member or nonmember bank or other depository institution from making reasonable charges, to be determined and regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, but in no case to exceed 10 cents per $100 or fraction thereof, based on the total of checks and drafts presented at any one time, for collection or payment of checks and drafts and remission therefor by exchange or otherwise; but no such charges shall be made against the Federal reserve banks.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §13 (par.), 38 Stat. 263; Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 461, 39 Stat. 752; June 21, 1917, ch. 32, §4, 40 Stat. 235; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 96–221, title I, §105(a), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 139.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of the first par. of section 13 of act Dec. 23, 1913. The second par., par. (3), and the fourth to eighth and tenth to fourteenth pars. of section 13 are classified to sections 92, 343 to 347, 347c, 347d, 361, 372, and 373 of this title.

For decision by U.S. Supreme Court that, despite faulty placement of quotation marks, act Sept. 7, 1916, placed within section 13 of act Dec. 23, 1913, each of the ten pars. located between the phrases that introduced the amendments to sections 13 and 14 of said act, that only the seventh par. (rather than seventh to tenth pars.) comprised the amended R.S. §5202, and that section 20 of act Apr. 5, 1918 (40 Stat. 512) (which amended R.S. §5202 comprised of a single par.), did not amend section 13 of said act so as to repeal the eighth to tenth pars., see United States National Bank of Oregon v. Independent Insurance Agents of America, Inc., et al., 508 U.S. 439, 113 S.Ct. 2173, 124 L.Ed. 2d 402 (1993). As the result of subsequent amendments, such seventh to tenth pars. of section 13 now constitute the ninth to twelfth pars. The ninth par. amended former section 82 of this title, and the tenth to twelfth pars. are classified to sections 361, 92, and 373, respectively, of this title.

Amendments

1980—Pub. L. 96–221 inserted references to other depository institutions and provisions respecting applicability to other items presented for payment, and substituted provisions setting forth items to constitute required balance to include items in transit, Federal Reserve bank services, and other appropriate factors, for provisions requiring the balance to be sufficient to offset items in transit held for the account of the bank.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–221 effective on first day of sixth month which begins after Mar. 31, 1980, see section 108 of Pub. L. 96–221, set out as a note under section 248 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 682a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 7: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION / Subchapter I: FEDERAL LAND BANKS, JOINT-STOCK LAND BANKS, AND FEDERAL LAND BANK ASSOCIATIONS / Section 682a: Repealed. Aug. 19, 1937, ch. 704, §7(c), 50 Stat. 707
Repealed. Aug. 19, 1937, ch. 704, §7(c), 50 Stat. 707
Status: repealed

Section, act June 3, 1935, ch. 164, §23, 49 Stat. 320, related to disqualification of persons convicted of felony or fraud for positions with Federal land banks. See section 640i of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 4619 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter II: REQUIRED CAPITAL LEVELS FOR REGULATED ENTITIES, SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT POWERS, AND REVIEWS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES / Section 4619: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-289, div. A, title I, §1145(b)(4), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2767
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-289, div. A, title I, §1145(b)(4), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2767
Status: repealed

Section 4619, Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1369, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3981; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1161(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2779, related to appointment of conservators.

Section 4620, Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1369A, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3983, related to powers of conservators.

Section 4621, Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1369B, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3984, related to liability protection for conservators.
12 U.S.C. § 281 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter VI: CAPITAL AND STOCK OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS; DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS / Section 281: Capital
Capital
Status: in_force

No Federal reserve bank shall commence business with a subscribed capital less than $4,000,000.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 253.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of part of the thirteenth par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Some of the other provisions of the thirteenth par. are classified to section 224 of this title, and some were not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 636 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 7: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION / Section 636: Repealed. Pub. L. 92-181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624
Repealed. Pub. L. 92-181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624
Status: repealed

Section 636, acts May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title II, §40, 48 Stat. 51; Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), 80 Stat. 648, provided for organization of Farm Credit Administration. See section 2247 of this title.

Section 636a, act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §2, 67 Stat. 390, stated Congressional declaration of policy concerning agricultural credit. See section 2001 of this title.

Section 636a note, act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §1, 67 Stat. 390, provided that such act Aug. 6, 1953, should be known as "Farm Credit Act of 1953".

Section 636b, act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §3, 67 Stat. 390, covered the creation of Farm Credit Administration as an independent agency in executive branch. See section 2241 et seq. of this title.

Section 636c, acts Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §4, 67 Stat. 390; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 785, title IV, §402, 69 Stat. 666; Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, title I, §104(h), 73 Stat. 387; Aug. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–525, §6, 80 Stat. 335, provided for creation of Federal Farm Credit Board. See section 2242 et seq. of this title.

Section 636d, act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §5, 67 Stat. 392; Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, title I, §104(j), 73 Stat. 387; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, title III, §302(a), 75 Stat. 793, provided for position of Governor of Farm Credit Administration. See section 2244 et seq. of this title.

Section 636e, act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §6, 67 Stat. 393, covered duties of Federal Farm Credit Board. See section 2227 of this title.

Section 636f, acts Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §7, 67 Stat. 393; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 785, title I, §110(c), 69 Stat. 662; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–353, §3(n), 75 Stat. 774, provided for abolishment of certain offices and funds under program as it existed prior to 1953.

Section 636g, acts Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §8, 67 Stat. 394; July 26, 1956, ch. 741, title I, §107(a), 70 Stat. 666; Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, title I, §104(h), 73 Stat. 387, authorized delegation of powers to institutions in farm credit districts.

Section 636h, act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §17(b), 67 Stat. 399, covered administrative expenditures of Farm Credit Administration. See section 2249 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1795 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 14: FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS / Subchapter III: CENTRAL LIQUIDITY FACILITY / Section 1795: Congressional findings
Congressional findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that the establishment of a National Credit Union Central Liquidity Facility is needed to improve general financial stability by meeting the liquidity needs of credit unions and thereby encourage savings, support consumer and mortgage lending, and provide basic financial resources to all segments of the economy.

(June 26, 1934, ch. 750, title III, formerly subch. III, §301, as added Pub. L. 95–630, title XVIII, §1802, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3719; amended Pub. L. 96–221, title III, §309(b)(1), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 149.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 309(b)(1) of Pub. L. 96–221 redesignated subch. III as title III of act June 26, 1934, ch. 750, cited as a credit to this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 95–630, title XVIII, §1806, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3724, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter and amending section 1757 of this title, section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 856 of former Title 31, Money and Finance] shall take effect on October 1, 1979."

Short Title

For short title of title XVIII of Pub. L. 95–630, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3719, as the "National Credit Union Central Liquidity Facility Act", see section 1801 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a Short Title of 1978 Amendment note under section 1751 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 353 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter IX: POWERS AND DUTIES OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS / Section 353: Purchase and sale of cable transfers, acceptances and bills
Purchase and sale of cable transfers, acceptances and bills
Status: in_force

Any Federal reserve bank may, under rules and regulations prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, purchase and sell in the open market, at home or abroad, either from or to domestic or foreign banks, firms, corporations, or individuals, cable transfers and bankers' acceptances and bills of exchange of the kinds and maturities by this chapter made eligible for rediscount, with or without the indorsement of a member bank.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §14 (par.), 38 Stat. 264; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of introductory provisions of section 14 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Subsecs. (a) to (g) of section 14 are set out as sections 354 to 359 and 348a of this title, respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
12 U.S.C. § 4121 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 42: LOW-INCOME HOUSING PRESERVATION AND RESIDENT HOMEOWNERSHIP / Subchapter I: PREPAYMENT OF MORTGAGES INSURED UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT / Section 4121: Definitions of qualified and priority purchaser and related party rule
Definitions of qualified and priority purchaser and related party rule
Status: in_force

(a) Priority purchaser

The term "priority purchaser" means (A) a resident council organized to acquire the housing in accordance with a resident homeownership program that meets the requirements of section 4121 1 of this title; and (B) any nonprofit organization or State or local agency that agrees to maintain low-income affordability restrictions for the remaining useful life of the housing (as determined under section 4112(d) 2 of this title).

(b) Qualified purchaser

The term "qualified purchaser" means any entity that agrees to maintain low-income affordability restrictions for the remaining useful life of the housing (as determined under section 4112(c) of this title), and includes for-profit entities and priority purchasers.

(c) Related parties

Except as provided in subsection (d), the terms "qualified purchaser" and "priority purchaser" do not include any entity that, either directly or indirectly, is wholly or partially owned or controlled by the owner of the housing being transferred under this subchapter, is under whole or partial common control with such owner, or has any financial interest in such owner or in which such owner has any financial interest. The Secretary shall issue any regulations appropriate to implement the preceding sentence.

(d) Management exception

A qualified purchaser shall not be precluded from retaining as a property management entity a company that is owned or controlled by the selling owner or a principal thereof if retention of the management company is neither a condition of sale nor part of consideration paid for sale and the property management contract is negotiated by the qualified purchaser on an arm's length basis.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title II, §231, as added Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4273; amended Pub. L. 102–550, title III, §317(a)(6), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3772.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–550 substituted "4112(c)" for "4112(d)".

1 So in original. Probably should be section "4116".

2 So in original. Probably should be section "4112(c)".
12 U.S.C. § 3761 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 38A: SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE / Section 3761: Foreclosure costs
Foreclosure costs
Status: in_force

The following foreclosure costs shall be paid from the sale proceeds before satisfaction of any other claim to such sale proceeds:

(1) Advertising and postage

Necessary advertising costs and postage incurred in giving notice pursuant to sections 3758 and 3760 of this title.

(2) Mileage

Mileage (determined by the most reasonable road distance) for posting notices and for the foreclosure commissioner's or auctioneer's attendance at the sale, as provided in section 1821 of title 28.

(3) Title and lien search

Reasonable and necessary costs incurred in connection with any search of title and lien records.

(4) Recordation fees

Costs incurred to record documents.

(5) Commission

A commission for the foreclosure commissioner (if the foreclosure commissioner is not an employee of the United States) for the conduct of the foreclosure, to the extent such a commission is authorized by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 103–327, title II, Sept. 28, 1994, 108 Stat. 2316.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is based on section 812 of title VIII of S. 2281, One Hundred Third Congress, as reported July 13, 1994, which was enacted into law by Pub. L. 103–327.
12 U.S.C. § 1701d (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Section 1701d: Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 655
Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 655
Status: repealed

Section, acts Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title V, §501(a), 62 Stat. 1283; Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, §3, 63 Stat. 880, provided for compensation of Housing and Home Finance Administrator.
12 U.S.C. § 3912 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 40: INTERNATIONAL LENDING SUPERVISION / Section 3912: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title II, §2224(c), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-415
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title II, §2224(c), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-415
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IX, §913], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1284; Pub. L. 100–418, title III, §3121(e), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1379, directed Secretary of the Treasury and certain Federal banking agencies to report to Congress, no later than 6 months after Nov. 30, 1983, regarding changes that could improve international lending operations of banking institutions.
12 U.S.C. § 1867 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 18: BANK SERVICE COMPANIES / Section 1867: Regulation and examination of bank service companies
Regulation and examination of bank service companies
Status: in_force

(a) Principal investor

A bank service company shall be subject to examination and regulation by the appropriate Federal banking agency of its principal investor to the same extent as its principal investor. The appropriate Federal banking agency of the principal shareholder or principal member of such a bank service company may authorize any other Federal banking agency that supervises any other shareholder or member of the bank service company to make such an examination.

(b) Applicability of section 1818 of this title

A bank service company shall be subject to the provisions of section 1818 of this title as if the bank service company were an insured depository institution. For this purpose, the appropriate Federal banking agency shall be the appropriate Federal banking agency of the principal investor of the bank service company.

(c) Services performed by contract or otherwise

Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, whenever a depository institution that is regularly examined by an appropriate Federal banking agency, or any subsidiary or affiliate of such a depository institution that is subject to examination by that agency, causes to be performed for itself, by contract or otherwise, any services authorized under this chapter, whether on or off its premises—

(1) such performance shall be subject to regulation and examination by such agency to the same extent as if such services were being performed by the depository institution itself on its own premises, and

(2) the depository institution shall notify each such agency of the existence of the service relationship within thirty days after the making of such service contract or the performance of the service, whichever occurs first.

(d) Issuance of regulations and orders

The Board and the appropriate Federal banking agencies are authorized to issue such regulations and orders as may be necessary to enable them to administer and to carry out the purposes of this chapter and to prevent evasions thereof.

(Pub. L. 87–856, §7, Oct. 23, 1962, as added Pub. L. 97–320, title VII, §709, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1543; amended Pub. L. 97–457, §32(b)(1), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2511; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2613(h), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–478; Pub. L. 109–351, title VI, §602(b)(5), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1980; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §357(3), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1548.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–203 inserted "each" after "notify".

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–351, §602(b)(5)(A), substituted "insured depository institution" for "insured bank".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–351, §602(b)(5)(B), substituted "a depository institution" for "a bank" in two places in introductory provisions and "the depository institution" for "the bank" in pars. (1) and (2).

1996—Pub. L. 104–208, §2613(h)(3), substituted "companies" for "corporations" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, §2613(h)(1), (2), substituted "company" for "corporation" wherever appearing and inserted "or principal member" after "principal shareholder" and "or member" after "other shareholder".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–208, §2613(h)(1), substituted "company" for "corporation" wherever appearing.

1983—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–457 substituted reference to section 1818 of this title for reference to the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act of 1966 (12 U.S.C. 1818(b) et seq.).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.
12 U.S.C. § 3309 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 34: FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL / Section 3309: Risk management training
Risk management training
Status: in_force

(a) Seminars

The Council shall develop and administer training seminars in risk management for its employees and the employees of insured financial institutions.

(b) Study of risk management training program

Not later than end of the 1-year period beginning on August 9, 1989, the Council shall—

(1) conduct a study on the feasibility and appropriateness of establishing a formalized risk management training program designed to lead to the certification of Risk Management Analysts; and

(2) report to the Congress the results of such study.

(Pub. L. 95–630, title X, §1009A, as added Pub. L. 101–73, title XII, §1218, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 546.)
12 U.S.C. § 349 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter IX: POWERS AND DUTIES OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS / Section 349: Rediscount for intermediate credit banks of obligations given for agricultural purposes; discount of notes made pursuant to section 1031
Rediscount for intermediate credit banks of obligations given for agricultural purposes; discount of notes made pursuant to section 1031
Status: in_force

Any Federal reserve bank may, subject to regulations and limitations to be prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, rediscount such notes, drafts, and bills mentioned in section 348 of this title for any Federal intermediate credit bank, except that no Federal reserve bank shall rediscount for a Federal intermediate credit bank any such note or obligation which bears the indorsement of a nonmember State bank or trust company which is eligible for membership in the Federal reserve system in accordance with subchapter VIII of this chapter. Any Federal reserve bank may also, subject to regulations and limitations to be prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, discount notes payable to and bearing the indorsement of any Federal intermediate credit bank covering loans or advances made by such bank pursuant to the provisions of section 1031 1 of this title which have maturities at the time of discount of not more than nine months, exclusive of days of grace, and which are secured by notes, drafts, or bills of exchange eligible for rediscount by Federal Reserve banks.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §13A (par.), formerly §13a, as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title IV, §404, 42 Stat. 1479; amended May 19, 1932, ch. 191, §5, 47 Stat. 160; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704; renumbered §13A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(1), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subchapter VIII of this chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "section 9 of this Act", meaning section 9 of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. Section 9 of the act is classified generally to subchapter VIII (§321 et seq.) of this chapter.

Section 1031 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 92–181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624. See section 2074 of this title.

Codification

Section is comprised of second par. of section 13A, formerly section 13a, as added Mar. 4, 1923. Pars. 1, 3 to 5 of section 13A are set out as sections 348, 350 to 352 of this title, respectively.

Amendments

1932—Act May 19, 1932, inserted last sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 1436 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 11: FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS / Section 1436: Reserves and dividends; emergency suspensions of requirements
Reserves and dividends; emergency suspensions of requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Accumulation and maintenance of reserves; payment of dividends

Each Federal Home Loan Bank may carry to a reserve account from time-to-time such portion of its net earnings as may be determined by its board of directors. Each Federal Home Loan Bank shall establish such additional reserves and/or make such charge-offs on account of depreciation or impairment of its assets as the Director shall require from time to time. No dividends shall be paid except out of previously retained earnings or current net earnings remaining after reductions for all reserves, chargeoffs, purchases of capital certificates of the Financing Corporation, and payments relating to the Funding Corporation required under this chapter have been provided for, other than chargeoffs or expenses incurred by a Bank in connection with the purchase of capital stock of the Financing Corporation under section 1441 of this title or payments relating to the Funding Corporation Principal Fund under section 1441b(e) of this title. The reserves of each Federal Home Loan Bank shall be invested, subject to such regulations, restrictions, and limitations as may be prescribed by the Director, in direct obligations of the United States, in obligations, participations, or other instruments of or issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Government National Mortgage Association, in mortgages, obligations, or other securities which are or ever have been sold by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation pursuant to section 1454 or section 1455 of this title, and in such securities as fiduciary and trust funds may be invested in under the laws of the State in which the Federal Home Loan Bank is located.

(b) Assistance to member institutions in event of severe financial conditions

Notwithstanding subsection (a) or any other provision of this chapter, if the Director determines that severe financial conditions exist threatening the stability of member institutions, the Director may suspend temporarily the requirements of subsection (a) that a portion of net earnings be set aside semiannually by each Federal Home Loan Bank to a reserve account and permit each Federal Home Loan Bank to declare and pay dividends out of undivided profits.

(c) Exception in case of losses in connection with Financing Corporation stock

(1) In general

Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, if—

(A) a Federal Home Loan Bank incurs a chargeoff or an expense in connection with such bank's investment in the stock of the Financing Corporation under section 1441 of this title;

(B) the Director determines there is an extraordinary need for the member institutions of the bank to receive dividends; and

(C) the bank has reduced all reserves (other than the reserve account required by the first 2 sentences of subsection (a)) to zero,

the Director may authorize such bank to declare and pay dividends out of undivided profits (as such term is defined in section 1441(d)(7) of this title) or the reserve account required by the first 2 sentences of subsection (a).

(2) Requirements of section 1441 of this title not affected

Notwithstanding any payment of dividends by any Federal Home Loan Bank pursuant to an authorization by the Director under paragraph (1), the applicable provisions of section 1441 of this title shall continue to apply with respect to such bank, and to such bank's investment in the Financing Corporation, in the same manner and to the same extent as if such payment had not been made.

(July 22, 1932, ch. 522, §16, 47 Stat. 736; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §204(a), 68 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §701(d)(2), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §807(l), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 545; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §805(c)(3), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §124, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1485; Pub. L. 100–86, title III, §306(a), Aug. 10, 1987, 101 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §§701(b)(1), (3)(A), 724(a), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 412, 428; Pub. L. 106–102, title VI, §606(g), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1455; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, §1204(8), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2786.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "the Director" for "the Board" wherever appearing.

1999—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–102, in third sentence substituted "previously retained earnings or current net earnings" for "net earnings" and struck out ", and then only with the approval of the Federal Housing Finance Board" after "section 1441b(e) of this title" and struck out fourth sentence which read as follows: "Beginning on January 1, 1992, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting 'previously retained earnings or current net earnings' for 'net earnings'."

1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–73, §724(a)(1), substituted "Each Federal Home Loan Bank may carry to a reserve account from time-to-time such portion of its net earnings as may be determined by its board of directors." for "Each Federal Home Loan Bank shall carry to a reserve account semiannually 20 per centum of its net earnings until said reserve account shall show a credit balance equal to 100 per centum of the paid-in capital of such bank. After said reserve has reached 100 per centum of the paid-in capital of said bank, 5 per centum of its net earnings shall be added thereto semiannually. Whenever said reserve shall have been impaired below 100 per centum of the paid-in capital it shall be restored before any dividends are paid."

Pub. L. 101–73, §724(a)(2), substituted "No dividends shall be paid except out of net earnings remaining after reductions for all reserves, chargeoffs, purchases of capital certificates of the Financing Corporation, and payments relating to the Funding Corporation required under this chapter have been provided for, other than chargeoffs or expenses incurred by a Bank in connection with the purchase of capital stock of the Financing Corporation under section 1441 of this title or payments relating to the Funding Corporation Principal Fund under section 1441b(e) of this title, and then only with the approval of the Federal Housing Finance Board. Beginning on January 1, 1992, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting 'previously retained earnings or current net earnings' for 'net earnings'." for "No dividends shall be paid except out of net earnings remaining after all reserves and charge-offs required under this chapter have been provided for, and then only with the approval of the board."

Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board" wherever appearing.

1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–86 added subsec. (c).

1982—Pub. L. 97–320 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1974—Pub. L. 93–383 inserted reference to mortgages, obligations, or other securities sold by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation pursuant to section 1454 or section 1455 of this title.

1968—Pub. L. 90–448 authorized investments in obligations, participations, or other instruments issued by the Government National Mortgage Association.

1964—Pub. L. 88–560 substituted "in obligations, participations, or other instruments of or issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association" for "in obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association".

1954—Act Aug. 2, 1954, inserted reference to obligations of Federal National Mortgage Association in last sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §724(b), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 429, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1992."

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2200 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter IV: PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO TWO OR MORE CLASSES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM / Section 2200: Access to documents and information
Access to documents and information
Status: in_force

In accordance with regulations of the Farm Credit Administration, qualified lenders shall provide their borrowers, at the time of execution of loans, copies of all documents signed by the borrower and at any time thereafter, on a borrower's request, copies of all documents signed or delivered by the borrower and at any time, on request, a copy of the institution's articles of incorporation or charter and bylaws and copies of each appraisal of the borrower's assets made or used by the qualified lender.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, §4.13A, as added Pub. L. 99–205, title III, §301(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1707; amended Pub. L. 100–233, title I, §104, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1579.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–233 substituted "qualified lenders" for "System institutions" and inserted "and copies of each appraisal of the borrower's assets made or used by the qualified lender" before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective thirty days after Dec. 23, 1985, see section 401 of Pub. L. 99–205, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2001 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 5007 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 50: CHECK TRUNCATION / Section 5007: Expedited recredit procedures for banks
Expedited recredit procedures for banks
Status: in_force

(a) Recredit claims

(1) In general

A bank may make a claim against an indemnifying bank for expedited recredit for which that bank is indemnified if—

(A) the claimant bank (or a bank that the claimant bank has indemnified) has received a claim for expedited recredit from a consumer under section 5006 of this title with respect to a substitute check or would have been subject to such a claim had the consumer's account been charged;

(B) the claimant bank has suffered a resulting loss or is obligated to recredit a consumer account under section 5006 of this title with respect to such substitute check; and

(C) production of the original check, another substitute check, or a better copy of the original check is necessary to determine the validity of the charge to the customer account or any warranty claim connected with such substitute check.

(2) 120-day period

Any claim under paragraph (1) may be submitted by the claimant bank to an indemnifying bank before the end of the 120-day period beginning on the date of the transaction that gave rise to the claim.

(b) Procedures for claims

(1) In general

To make a claim under subsection (a) for an expedited recredit relating to a substitute check, the claimant bank shall send to the indemnifying bank—

(A) a description of—

(i) the claim, including an explanation of why the substitute check cannot be properly charged to the consumer account; or

(ii) the warranty claim;

(B) a statement that the claimant bank has suffered a loss or is obligated to recredit the consumer's account under section 5006 of this title, together with an estimate of the amount of the loss or recredit;

(C) the reason why production of the original check, another substitute check, or a better copy of the original check is necessary to determine the validity of the charge to the consumer account or the warranty claim; and

(D) information sufficient for the indemnifying bank to identify the substitute check and to investigate the claim.

(2) Requirements relating to copies of substitute checks

If the information submitted by a claimant bank pursuant to paragraph (1) in connection with a claim for an expedited recredit includes a copy of any substitute check for which any such claim is made, the claimant bank shall take reasonable steps to ensure that any such copy cannot be—

(A) mistaken for the legal equivalent of the check under section 5003(b) of this title; or

(B) sent or handled by any bank, including the indemnifying bank, as a forward collection or returned check.

(3) Claim in writing

(A) In general

An indemnifying bank may, in the discretion of the bank, require the claimant bank to submit the information required by paragraph (1) in writing, including a copy of the written or electronically submitted claim, if any, that the consumer provided in accordance with section 5006(b) of this title.

(B) Means of submission

An indemnifying bank that requires a submission of information under subparagraph (A) may permit the claimant bank to make the submission electronically, if the claimant bank has agreed to communicate with the indemnifying bank in that manner.

(c) Recredit by indemnifying bank

(1) Prompt action required

No later than 10 business days after the business day on which an indemnifying bank receives a claim under subsection (a) from a claimant bank with respect to a substitute check, the indemnifying bank shall—

(A) provide, to the claimant bank, the original check (with respect to such substitute check) or a copy of the original check (including an image or a substitute check) that—

(i) accurately represents all of the information on the front and back of the original check (as of the time the original check was truncated); or

(ii) is otherwise sufficient to determine the bank's claim is not valid; and

(B) recredit the claimant bank for the amount of the claim up to the amount of the substitute check, plus interest if applicable; or

(C) provide information to the claimant bank as to why the indemnifying bank is not obligated to comply with subparagraph (A) or (B).

(2) Recredit does not abrogate other liabilities

Providing a recredit under this subsection to a claimant bank with respect to a substitute check shall not absolve the indemnifying bank from liability for claims brought under any other law or from additional damages under section 5005 or 5009 of this title with respect to such check.

(3) Refund to indemnifying bank

If a claimant bank reverses, in accordance with section 5006(e) of this title, a recredit previously made to a consumer account under section 5006(c) of this title, or otherwise receives a credit or recredit with regard to such substitute check, the claimant bank shall promptly refund to any indemnifying bank any amount previously advanced by the indemnifying bank in connection with such substitute check.

(d) Production of original check or a sufficient copy governed by section 5005(d)

If the indemnifying bank provides the claimant bank with the original check or a copy of the original check (including an image or a substitute check) under subsection (c)(1)(A), section 5005(d) of this title shall govern any right of the indemnifying bank to any repayment of any funds the indemnifying bank has recredited to the claimant bank pursuant to subsection (c).

(Pub. L. 108–100, §8, Oct. 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 1186.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective at the end of the 12-month period beginning on Oct. 28, 2003, see section 20 of Pub. L. 108–100, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1747f (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter VII: INSURANCE FOR INVESTMENTS IN RENTAL HOUSING FOR FAMILIES OF MODERATE INCOME / Section 1747f: Payment of claims; assignment of benefits by investors
Payment of claims; assignment of benefits by investors
Status: in_force

If in any operating year the net income of a project insured under this subchapter is less than the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge and the insured annual return, the Secretary, upon submission by the investor of a claim for the payment of the amount of the difference between such net income and the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge and the insured annual return and after proof of the validity of such claim, shall pay to the investor, in cash from the General Insurance Fund, the amount of such difference, as determined by the Secretary, but not exceeding, in any event, an amount equal to the aggregate of the minimum annual amortization charge and the insured annual return. Nothing contained in this subchapter or any other provision of law shall be construed as preventing or restricting an investor from assigning, pledging, or otherwise transferring or disposing of, subject to rules and regulations of the Secretary, any or all rights, claims, or other benefits under any insurance contract made pursuant to this subchapter to an assignee, pledgee, or other transferee, including the holders (or the trustee for such holders) of any debentures issued by the investor in connection with the project to which such insurance contract relates, and the Secretary is authorized to pay claims or issue debentures in accordance with the provisions of this section and section 1747g of this title to any such assignee, pledgee, or other transferee.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §707, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1278; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §609(b), 65 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(s), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Amendments

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner" wherever appearing.

1965—Pub. L. 89–117 substituted "General Insurance Fund" for "Housing Investment Insurance Fund".

1951—Act Sept. 1, 1951, inserted second sentence.

1950—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted "Commissioner" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.
12 U.S.C. § 198 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter XIII: RECEIVERSHIP / Section 198: Purchase by receiver of property of bank; request to Comptroller
Purchase by receiver of property of bank; request to Comptroller
Status: in_force

Whenever the receiver of any national bank duly appointed by the Comptroller of the Currency, and who shall have duly qualified and entered upon the discharge of his trust, shall find it in his opinion necessary, in order to fully protect and benefit his said trust, to the extent of any and all equities that such trust may have in any property, real or personal, by reason of any bond, mortgage, assignment, or other proper legal claim attaching thereto, and which said property is to be sold under any execution, decree of foreclosure, or proper order of any court of jurisdiction, he may certify the facts in the case, together with his opinion as to the value of the property to be sold, and the value of the equity his said trust may have in the same, to the Comptroller of the Currency, together with a request for the right and authority to use and employ so much of the money of said trust as may be necessary to purchase such property at such sale.

(Mar. 29, 1886, ch. 28, §1, 24 Stat. 8.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Application to District of Columbia

Provisions of this section were made applicable to banks, etc., in the District of Columbia by act Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 274, §4, 47 Stat. 1567.

Executive Documents

Exception as to Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, not included in transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 1 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1881 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 19: SECURITY MEASURES FOR BANKS AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS / Section 1881: "Federal supervisory agency" defined
"Federal supervisory agency" defined
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter the term "Federal supervisory agency" means the appropriate Federal banking agency, as defined in section 1813(q) of this title.

(Pub. L. 90–389, §2, July 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 294; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §744(h), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 108–386, §8(d), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §356(1), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1547.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Pub. L. 111–203 substituted "the term 'Federal supervisory agency' means the appropriate Federal banking agency, as defined in section 1813(q) of this title." for "the term 'Federal supervisory agency' means—

"(1) The Comptroller of the Currency with respect to national banks,

"(2) The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System with respect to Federal Reserve banks and State banks which are members of the Federal Reserve System,

"(3) The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation with respect to State banks which are not members of the Federal Reserve System but the deposits of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and State savings associations, and

"(4) The Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision with respect to Federal savings."

2004—Par. (1). Pub. L. 108–386 struck out "and district banks" after "national banks".

1989—Par. (3). Pub. L. 101–73, §744(h)(2), inserted reference to State savings associations.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 101–73, §744(h)(1), substituted "Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision" for "Federal Home Loan Bank Board", struck out "and loan" after "Federal savings", and struck out "associations, and institutions the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation" before period at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–386 effective Oct. 30, 2004, and, except as otherwise provided, applicable with respect to fiscal year 2005 and each succeeding fiscal year, see sections 8(i) and 9 of Pub. L. 108–386, set out as notes under section 321 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 90–389, §1, July 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 294, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter and amending section 1729 of this title] may be cited as the 'Bank Protection Act of 1968'."
12 U.S.C. § 1747j (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter VII: INSURANCE FOR INVESTMENTS IN RENTAL HOUSING FOR FAMILIES OF MODERATE INCOME / Section 1747j: Taxation of real property
Taxation of real property
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to exempt any real property acquired and held by the Secretary under this subchapter from taxation by any State or political subdivision thereof, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §711, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1281; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner".

1950—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted "Commissioner" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.
12 U.S.C. § 2095 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter II: FARM CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS / Section 2095: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-399, title IV, §401(v), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 999
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-399, title IV, §401(v), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 999
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 92–181, title II, §2.14, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1636, provided that whenever any Federal land bank association was liquidated, a sum equal to its reserve account as required in this chapter was to be paid and become the property of the bank in which such association was a shareholder.

A prior section 2095, Pub. L. 92–181, title II, §2.14, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §205(e)(15), title VI, §605, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1705, 1711, related to application of earnings, restoration of capital impairment, and surplus account, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, §401.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Construction of Repeal

Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, §401(v), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 999, repealed this section and provided that this chapter be applied and administered as if this section had not been enacted.
12 U.S.C. § 1469 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 12: SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS / Section 1469: Authority to invest in State housing corporations
Authority to invest in State housing corporations
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that Federal savings and loan associations and national banks should have the authority to assist in financing the organization and operation of any State housing corporation established under the laws of the State in which the corporation will carry on its operation. It is the purpose of this section to provide a means whereby private financial institutions can assist in providing housing, particularly for families of low- or moderate-income, by purchasing stock of and investing in loans to any such State housing corporation situated in the particular State in which the Federal savings and loan association or national bank involved is located.

(Pub. L. 93–100, §5(a), Aug. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 343.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This section, referred to in text, means section 5 of Pub. L. 93–100, which enacted this section and section 1470 of this title and amended sections 24 and 1464 of this title.

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Home Owners' Loan Act of 1933 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 93–100, §8, Aug. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 348, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [enacting this section and sections 1470 and 1832 of this title, amending sections 24, 461 note, 1464, 1725, 1727 and 1828 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 548 of this title] shall take effect on the thirtieth day after the date of its enactment [Aug. 16, 1973], except that the amendments made by sections 1 and 5 [enacting this section and section 1470 of this title and amending sections 24, 461 note, and 1464 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 16, 1973]."
12 U.S.C. § 1430a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 11: FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS / Section 1430a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act July 22, 1932, ch. 522, §10a, as added June 27, 1934, ch. 847, §502, 48 Stat. 1261, provided for advances by Federal Home Loan Banks to finance home repairs, improvements, and alterations until July 1, 1936.
12 U.S.C. § 3045 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 31: NATIONAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVE BANK / Subchapter II: OFFICE OF SELF-HELP DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE / Section 3045: Investigations and surveys respecting new services, etc., by cooperative not-for-profit organizations
Investigations and surveys respecting new services, etc., by cooperative not-for-profit organizations
Status: in_force

The Office may undertake investigations of new types of services which can more effectively be provided through cooperative not-for-profit organizations and make surveys of areas where the increased use of such organizations will contribute to the economic well-being of the community.

(Pub. L. 95–351, title II, §205, Aug. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 512.)
12 U.S.C. § 86a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter IV: REGULATION OF THE BANKING BUSINESS; POWERS AND DUTIES OF NATIONAL BANKS / Section 86a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §511, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 164; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §324(b), (d), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1648, which authorized interest on business or agricultural loans of $1,000 or more at a rate of not more than 5 per centum in excess of the discount rate, was omitted pursuant to section 512 of Pub. L. 96–221 which made these provisions applicable only with respect to such loans made in any State during the period beginning on April 1, 1980, and ending on the earlier of (1) April 1, 1983, or (2) the date, on or after April 1, 1980, on which such State adopts a law or certifies that the voters of such State have voted in favor of any provision, constitutional or otherwise, which states explicitly that such State does not want these provisions to apply with respect to loans made in such State.

A prior section 86a, Pub. L. 96–161, title II, §205, Dec. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 1237, similar to this section as enacted by Pub. L. 96–221, was repealed by section 529 of Pub. L. 96–221, effective at the close of Mar. 31, 1980, except that its provisions would continue to apply to any loan made, any deposit made, or any obligation issued in any State during any period when that section was in effect in such State. For the effective date provisions relating to the prior section 86a, see section 207 of Pub. L. 96–161.

Another prior section 86a, Pub. L. 96–104, title I, §105, Nov. 5, 1979, 93 Stat. 791, identical to this section as enacted by Pub. L. 96–161, was repealed by section 212 of Pub. L. 96–161, effective at the close of Dec. 27, 1979, except that its provisions would continue to apply to loans made in any State on or after Nov. 5, 1979, but prior to such repeal.

Section 301 of Pub. L. 96–104, which limited the applicability of Pub. L. 96–104 to those States having a constitutional provision that all contracts for a greater rate of interest than 10 per centum per annum are void as to both principal and interest, was repealed by section 212 of Pub. L. 96–161, effective at the close of Dec. 27, 1979.
12 U.S.C. § 81 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter IV: REGULATION OF THE BANKING BUSINESS; POWERS AND DUTIES OF NATIONAL BANKS / Section 81: Place of business
Place of business
Status: in_force

The general business of each national banking association shall be transacted in the place specified in its organization certificate and in the branch or branches, if any, established or maintained by it in accordance with the provisions of section 36 of this title.

(R.S. §5190; Feb. 25, 1927, ch. 191, §8, 44 Stat. 1229.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5190 derived from act June 3, 1864, ch. 106, §8, 13 Stat. 101, which was the National Bank Act. See section 38 of this title.

Amendments

1927—Act Feb. 25, 1927, among other changes, inserted "and in the branch or branches, if any, established or maintained by it in accordance with the provisions of section 36 of this title".
12 U.S.C. § 5212 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 52: EMERGENCY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION / Subchapter I: TROUBLED ASSETS RELIEF PROGRAM / Section 5212: Insurance of troubled assets
Insurance of troubled assets
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

(1) In general

If the Secretary establishes the program authorized under section 5211 of this title, then the Secretary shall establish a program to guarantee troubled assets originated or issued prior to March 14, 2008, including mortgage-backed securities.

(2) Guarantees

In establishing any program under this subsection, the Secretary may develop guarantees of troubled assets and the associated premiums for such guarantees. Such guarantees and premiums may be determined by category or class of the troubled assets to be guaranteed.

(3) Extent of guarantee

Upon request of a financial institution, the Secretary may guarantee the timely payment of principal of, and interest on, troubled assets in amounts not to exceed 100 percent of such payments. Such guarantee may be on such terms and conditions as are determined by the Secretary, provided that such terms and conditions are consistent with the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Reports

Not later than 90 days after October 3, 2008, the Secretary shall report to the appropriate committees of Congress on the program established under subsection (a).

(c) Premiums

(1) In general

The Secretary shall collect premiums from any financial institution participating in the program established under subsection (a). Such premiums shall be in an amount that the Secretary determines necessary to meet the purposes of this chapter and to provide sufficient reserves pursuant to paragraph (3).

(2) Authority to base premiums on product risk

In establishing any premium under paragraph (1), the Secretary may provide for variations in such rates according to the credit risk associated with the particular troubled asset that is being guaranteed. The Secretary shall publish the methodology for setting the premium for a class of troubled assets together with an explanation of the appropriateness of the class of assets for participation in the program established under this section. The methodology shall ensure that the premium is consistent with paragraph (3).

(3) Minimum level

The premiums referred to in paragraph (1) shall be set by the Secretary at a level necessary to create reserves sufficient to meet anticipated claims, based on an actuarial analysis, and to ensure that taxpayers are fully protected.

(4) Adjustment to purchase authority

The purchase authority limit in section 5225 of this title shall be reduced by an amount equal to the difference between the total of the outstanding guaranteed obligations and the balance in the Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund.

(d) Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund

(1) Deposits

The Secretary shall deposit fees collected under this section into the Fund established under paragraph (2).

(2) Establishment

There is established a Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund that shall consist of the amounts collected pursuant to paragraph (1), and any balance in such fund shall be invested by the Secretary in United States Treasury securities, or kept in cash on hand or on deposit, as necessary.

(3) Payments from Fund

The Secretary shall make payments from amounts deposited in the Fund to fulfill obligations of the guarantees provided to financial institutions under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 110–343, div. A, title I, §102, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3768.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3) and (c)(1), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3765, known as the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division A to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of this title and Tables.
12 U.S.C. § 1161 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 9: NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL CREDIT CORPORATIONS / Section 1161: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-230, §24, Sept. 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 466
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-230, §24, Sept. 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 466
Status: repealed

Sections, act Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title II, §202(a)–(c), 42 Stat. 1461, related to organization certificate and contents, name of corporation, and acknowledgment of organization certificate and articles of association, respectively.
12 U.S.C. § 4546 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter I: SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF ENTERPRISES / Section 4546: Prohibition of public disclosure of proprietary information
Prohibition of public disclosure of proprietary information
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to subsection (d), the Director may, by regulation or order, provide that certain information shall be treated as proprietary information and not subject to disclosure under section 4543 of this title, section 1723a(n)(3) of this title, or section 1456(f)(3) of this title.

(b) Protection of information on housing activities

The Director shall not provide public access to, or disclose to the public, any information required to be submitted by an enterprise under section 1723a(n) of this title or section 1456(f) of this title that the Director determines is proprietary.

(c) Nondisclosure pending consideration

This section may not be construed to authorize the disclosure of information to, or examination of data by, the public or a representative of any person or agency pending the issuance of a final decision under this section.

(d) Mortgage information

Subject to privacy considerations, as described in section 304(j) of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 (12 U.S.C. 2803(j)), the Director shall, by regulation or order, provide that certain information relating to single family mortgage data of the enterprises shall be disclosed to the public, in order to make available to the public—

(1) the same data from the enterprises that is required of insured depository institutions under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 [12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.]; and

(2) information collected by the Director under section 4544(b)(6) of this title.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1326, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3955; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1122(a)(1), 1127, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2689, 2695.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is title III of Pub. L. 94–200, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1125, which is classified principally to chapter 29 (§2801 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2801 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–289, §1122(a)(1), substituted "Director" for "Secretary" wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) and (b).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §1127(1), substituted "Subject to subsection (d), the Director" for "The Director".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–289, §1127(2), added subsec. (d).
12 U.S.C. § 698 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 7: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION / Subchapter I: FEDERAL LAND BANKS, JOINT-STOCK LAND BANKS, AND FEDERAL LAND BANK ASSOCIATIONS / Section 698: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 785, title III, §302, 69 Stat. 664
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 785, title III, §302, 69 Stat. 664
Status: repealed

Section, act July 17, 1916, ch. 245, title I, §5 (par.), as added Jan. 23, 1932, ch. 9, §2, 47 Stat. 12, related to subscriptions by United States to capital stock of Federal land banks.
12 U.S.C. § 1444 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 11: FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS / Section 1444: Eligibility to membership in banks
Eligibility to membership in banks
Status: in_force

(a) Any organization organized under the laws of any State and subject to inspection and regulation under the banking or similar laws of such State shall be eligible to become a member under this chapter if—

(1) it is organized solely for the purpose of supplying credit to its members;

(2) its membership (A) is confined exclusively to building and loan associations, savings and loan associations, cooperative banks, and homestead associations; or (B) is confined exclusively to savings banks; and

(3) of the institutions to which its membership is confined which are organized within the State, its membership includes a majority of such institutions.

(b) In all respects, but subject to such additional rules and regulations as the Director may provide, any such organization shall be a member for the purposes of this chapter.

(July 22, 1932, ch. 522, §24, 47 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, §1204(8), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2786.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "the Director" for "the Board".

1989—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–73 substituted "Board" for "board".
12 U.S.C. § 2241 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter V: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION / Section 2241: Farm Credit Administration
Farm Credit Administration
Status: in_force

The Farm Credit Administration shall be an independent agency in the executive branch of the Government. It shall be composed of the Farm Credit Administration Board and such other personnel as are employed in carrying out the functions, powers, and duties vested in the Farm Credit Administration by this chapter.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title V, §5.7, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §201(1), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1688.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–205 amended section generally, substituting "Farm Credit Administration Board and such other personnel" for "Federal Farm Credit Board, the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, and such other personnel".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–205 effective thirty days after Dec. 23, 1985, see section 401 of Pub. L. 99–205, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.

Interim Implementation of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–205, title IV, §402, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1709, provided that:

"(a) Until the Chairman of the Farm Credit Administration Board provided for under the amendment made by section 201(1) of this Act [see section 2242 of this title] is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, under the Farm Credit Act of 1971 [this chapter] as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985], shall perform the functions of the Chairman prescribed for the Chairman by this Act [Pub. L. 99–205, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 2001 of this title].

"(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), until at least two members of the Farm Credit Administration Board provided under the amendment made by section 201(1) of this Act [see section 2242 of this title] are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, under the Farm Credit Act of 1971 [this chapter] as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985], shall perform the functions of the Farm Credit Administration Board prescribed for such Board by this Act [Pub. L. 99–205, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 2001 of this title].

"(2) When the Chairman of such Board is so appointed and confirmed, the Chairman shall assume any responsibilities and powers of the Board being exercised by the Governor under this subsection.

"(c) In carrying out the duties and functions specified in subsections (a) and (b), the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration shall serve at the pleasure of the President.

"(d) All regulations of the Farm Credit Administration or the institutions of the System, and all charters, bylaws, resolutions, stock classifications, and policy directives issued or approved by the Farm Credit Administration, and all elections held and appointments made under the Farm Credit Act of 1971 [this chapter], before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1985], shall be continuing and remain valid until superseded, modified, or replaced under the authority of this Act [Pub. L. 99–205, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 2001 of this title]."
12 U.S.C. § 5536 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5536: Prohibited acts
Prohibited acts
Status: in_force

(a) In general

It shall be unlawful for—

(1) any covered person or service provider—

(A) to offer or provide to a consumer any financial product or service not in conformity with Federal consumer financial law, or otherwise commit any act or omission in violation of a Federal consumer financial law; or

(B) to engage in any unfair, deceptive, or abusive act or practice;

(2) any covered person or service provider to fail or refuse, as required by Federal consumer financial law, or any rule or order issued by the Bureau thereunder—

(A) to permit access to or copying of records;

(B) to establish or maintain records; or

(C) to make reports or provide information to the Bureau; or

(3) any person to knowingly or recklessly provide substantial assistance to a covered person or service provider in violation of the provisions of section 5531 of this title, or any rule or order issued thereunder, and notwithstanding any provision of this title,1 the provider of such substantial assistance shall be deemed to be in violation of that section to the same extent as the person to whom such assistance is provided.

(b) Exception

No person shall be held to have violated subsection (a)(1) solely by virtue of providing or selling time or space to a covered person or service provider placing an advertisement.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1036, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2010.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title, where footnoted in subsec. (a)(3), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955, known as the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, which enacted this subchapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1037 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5531 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 4a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 1: THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY / Section 4a: Delegation of authority by Comptroller
Delegation of authority by Comptroller
Status: in_force

The Comptroller of the Currency may delegate to any duly authorized employee, representative, or agent any power vested in the office by law.

(R.S. §327A, as added Pub. L. 96–221, title VII, §707(a), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 188.)
12 U.S.C. § 248b (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter II: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Section 248b: Annual independent audits of Federal reserve banks and Board
Annual independent audits of Federal reserve banks and Board
Status: in_force

The Board shall order an annual independent audit of the financial statements of each Federal reserve bank and the Board.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §11B, as added Pub. L. 106–102, title VII, §726, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1475.)
12 U.S.C. § 2130 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter III: BANKS FOR COOPERATIVES / Section 2130: Ownership of stock by borrowers
Ownership of stock by borrowers
Status: in_force

(a) Each borrower entitled to hold voting stock shall, at the time a loan is made by a bank for cooperatives, own at least one share of voting stock and shall be required by the bank to invest in additional voting stock or nonvoting investment stock at that time, or from time to time, as the lending bank may determine, but the requirement for investment in stock at the time the loan is closed shall not exceed an amount equal to 10 per centum of the face amount of the loan. Such additional ownership requirements may be based on the face amount of the loan, the outstanding loan balance or on a percentage of the interest payable by the borrower during any year or during any quarter thereof, or upon such other basis as the bank determines will provide adequate capital for the operation of the bank and equitable ownership thereof among borrowers.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, the purchase of stock need not be required with respect to that part of any loan made by a bank for cooperatives which it sells to or makes in participation with financial institutions other than any of the banks for cooperatives. In such cases the distribution of earnings of the bank for cooperatives shall be on the basis of the interest in the loan retained by such bank.

(Pub. L. 92–181 title III, §3.9, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 96–592, title III, §306, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3445; Pub. L. 100–233, title VIII, §802(q), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1712; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5411(9), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4680.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334 struck out at end "In the case of a direct loan by the Central Bank, the borrower shall be required to own or invest in the necessary stock in a district bank or banks and such district bank shall be required to own a corresponding amount of stock in the Central Bank, but voting stock shall be in the one district bank, designated by the Farm Credit Administration."

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–233 substituted "by the bank to invest" for "by the bank with the approval of the Farm Credit Administration to invest", "or upon such other basis as the bank determines" for "or upon such other basis as the bank, with the approval of the Farm Credit Administration, determines", and "in a district bank or banks and such district bank shall be required" for "in a district bank or banks as may be approved by the Farm Credit Administration and such district bank shall be required".

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–592 inserted provisions respecting entitlement to hold voting stock.
12 U.S.C. § 1763 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 14: FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1763: Dividends
Dividends
Status: in_force

At such intervals as the board of directors may authorize, and after provision for required reserves, the board of directors may declare a dividend to be paid at different rates on different types of shares, at different rates and maturity dates in the case of share certificates, and at different rates on different types of share draft accounts. Dividends credited may be accrued on various types of shares, share certificates, and share draft accounts as authorized by the board of directors. If the par value of a share exceeds $5, dividends shall be paid on all funds in the regular share account once a full share has been purchased.

(June 26, 1934, ch. 750, title I, §117, formerly §13, 48 Stat. 1221; renumbered §18 and amended Pub. L. 86–354, §1, Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 90–188, §2, Dec. 13, 1967, 81 Stat. 567; renumbered title I, §117, Pub. L. 91–468, §1(2), Oct. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 994; amended Pub. L. 93–383, title VII, §725, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 720; Pub. L. 95–22, title III, §310, Apr. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 53; Pub. L. 95–630, title V, §502(b), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3681; Pub. L. 96–221, title II, §207(b)(10), title III, §305(c), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 144, 147; Pub. L. 97–320, title V, §524, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1534.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1982—Pub. L. 97–320 substituted "the board of directors may declare" for "the board may declare" and "Dividends credited" for "Dividend credit", and inserted provision that if the par value of a share exceeds $5, dividends shall be paid on all funds in the regular share account once a full share has been published.

1980—Pub. L. 96–221, §207(b)(10), struck out ", pursuant to such regulations as may be issued by the Board," after "declare".

Pub. L. 96–221, §305(c), inserted provisions relating to share draft accounts.

1978—Pub. L. 95–630 substituted "Board" for "Administrator".

1977—Pub. L. 95–22 substituted "the board may declare, pursuant to such regulations as may be issued by the Administrator, a dividend to be paid at different rates on different types of shares and at different rates and maturity dates in the case of share certificates" for "the board of directors may declare a dividend to be paid from the remaining net earnings" and "accrued on various types of shares and share certificates" for "accrued on shares" and struck out provision that such dividends shall be paid on all paid-up shares outstanding at the end of the period for which the dividend is declared and provision that shares which become fully paid up during such dividend period and are outstanding at the close of the period shall be entitled to a proportional part of such dividend.

1974—Pub. L. 93–383 substituted "At such intervals as the board of directors may authorize" for "Annually, semiannually, or quarterly, as the bylaws may provide", and "Dividend credit may be accrued on shares as authorized by the board of directors" for "Dividend credit for a month may be accrued on shares which are or become fully paid up during the first ten days of that month".

1967—Pub. L. 90–188 inserted "or quarterly" after "semiannually" and substituted "ten" for "five".

1959—Pub. L. 86–354 authorized semiannual dividends, empowered the board of directors to declare them instead of only recommend them, and provided for dividend credit.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–221, title II, §207(b), Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 144, provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective 6 years after Mar. 31, 1980.

Amendment by section 305(c) of Pub. L. 96–221 effective at close of Mar. 31, 1980, see section 306 of Pub. L. 96–221, set out as a note under section 1464 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630 effective on expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, and transitional provisions, see section 509 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 1752 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 5366 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter I: FINANCIAL STABILITY / Section 5366: Early remediation requirements
Early remediation requirements
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Board of Governors, in consultation with the Council and the Corporation, shall prescribe regulations establishing requirements to provide for the early remediation of financial distress of a nonbank financial company supervised by the Board of Governors or a bank holding company described in section 5365(a) of this title, except that nothing in this subsection authorizes the provision of financial assistance from the Federal Government.

(b) Purpose of the early remediation requirements

The purpose of the early remediation requirements under subsection (a) shall be to establish a series of specific remedial actions to be taken by a nonbank financial company supervised by the Board of Governors or a bank holding company described in section 5365(a) of this title that is experiencing increasing financial distress, in order to minimize the probability that the company will become insolvent and the potential harm of such insolvency to the financial stability of the United States.

(c) Remediation requirements

The regulations prescribed by the Board of Governors under subsection (a) shall—

(1) define measures of the financial condition of the company, including regulatory capital, liquidity measures, and other forward-looking indicators; and

(2) establish requirements that increase in stringency as the financial condition of the company declines, including—

(A) requirements in the initial stages of financial decline, including limits on capital distributions, acquisitions, and asset growth; and

(B) requirements at later stages of financial decline, including a capital restoration plan and capital-raising requirements, limits on transactions with affiliates, management changes, and asset sales.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §166, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1432.)
12 U.S.C. § 2151 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter IV: PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO TWO OR MORE CLASSES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM / Section 2151: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title V, §5411(17), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4680
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title V, §5411(17), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4680
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, §4.0, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 99–205, title I, §101(1), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1678; Pub. L. 100–233, title II, §202, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1605; Pub. L. 100–399, title II, §202, Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 992, related to the revolving fund in effect immediately before Jan. 6, 1988.
12 U.S.C. § 193 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter XIII: RECEIVERSHIP / Section 193: Notice to present claims
Notice to present claims
Status: in_force

The Comptroller shall, upon appointing a receiver, cause notice to be given, by advertisement in such newspapers as he may direct, for three consecutive months, calling on all persons who may have claims against such association to present the same, and to make legal proof thereof.

(R.S. §5235.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5235 derived from act June 3, 1864, ch. 106, §50, 13 Stat. 114, which was part of the National Bank Act. See section 38 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Application to District of Columbia

Provisions of this section were made applicable to banks, etc., in the District of Columbia by act Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 274, §4, 47 Stat. 1567.

Executive Documents

Exception as to Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, not included in transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 1 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 5341 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter I: FINANCIAL STABILITY / Section 5341: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this part—

(1) the terms "Office" and "Director" mean the Office of Financial Research established under this part and the Director thereof, respectively;

(2) the term "financial company" has the same meaning as in subchapter II, and includes an insured depository institution and an insurance company;

(3) the term "Data Center" means the data center established under section 5344 of this title;

(4) the term "Research and Analysis Center" means the research and analysis center established under section 5344 of this title;

(5) the term "financial transaction data" means the structure and legal description of a financial contract, with sufficient detail to describe the rights and obligations between counterparties and make possible an independent valuation;

(6) the term "position data"—

(A) means data on financial assets or liabilities held on the balance sheet of a financial company, where positions are created or changed by the execution of a financial transaction; and

(B) includes information that identifies counterparties, the valuation by the financial company of the position, and information that makes possible an independent valuation of the position;

(7) the term "financial contract" means a legally binding agreement between 2 or more counterparties, describing rights and obligations relating to the future delivery of items of intrinsic or extrinsic value among the counterparties; and

(8) the term "financial instrument" means a financial contract in which the terms and conditions are publicly available, and the roles of one or more of the counterparties are assignable without the consent of any of the other counterparties (including common stock of a publicly traded company, government bonds, or exchange traded futures and options contracts).

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §151, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1412.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subchapter II, referred to in par. (2), was in the original "title II", meaning title II of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1442, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§5381 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Tables.
12 U.S.C. § 1723f (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter III: NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATIONS / Section 1723f: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-294, title V, §533, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 740
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-294, title V, §533, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 740
Status: repealed

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §314, as added Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–619, title II, §242, 92 Stat. 3228, related to the purchase of energy conserving home improvement loans and advances of credit by the Association under the direction of the Secretary.
12 U.S.C. § 199 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter XIII: RECEIVERSHIP / Section 199: Approval of request
Approval of request
Status: in_force

Such request, if approved by the Comptroller of the Currency, shall be, together with the certificate of facts in the case, and his recommendation as to the amount of money which, in his judgment, should be so used and employed, submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, and if the same shall likewise be approved by him, the request shall be by the Comptroller of the Currency allowed, and notice thereof, with copies of the request, certificate of facts, and indorsement of approvals, shall be filed with the Treasurer of the United States.

(Mar. 29, 1886, ch. 28, §2, 24 Stat. 8.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Application to District of Columbia

Provisions of this section were made applicable to banks, etc., in the District of Columbia by act Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 274, §4, 47 Stat. 1567.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 55 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 613 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6: FOREIGN BANKING / Subchapter II: ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS TO DO FOREIGN BANKING / Section 613: Signing of articles of association; forwarding to and filing by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; organization certificate; contents
Signing of articles of association; forwarding to and filing by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; organization certificate; contents
Status: in_force

Articles of association described in section 612 of this title shall be signed by all of the persons intending to participate in the organization of the corporation and, thereafter, shall be forwarded to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and shall be filed and preserved in its office. The persons signing the said articles of association shall, under their hands, make an organization certificate which shall specifically state:

First. The name assumed by such corporation, which shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Second. The place or places where its operations are to be carried on.

Third. The place in the United States where its home office is to be located.

Fourth. The amount of its capital stock and the number of shares into which the same shall be divided.

Fifth. The names and places of business or residence of the persons executing the certificate and the number of shares to which each has subscribed.

Sixth. The fact that the certificate is made to enable the persons subscribing the same, and all other persons, firms, companies, and corporations, who or which may thereafter subscribe to or purchase shares of the capital stock of such corporation, to avail themselves of the advantages of this subchapter.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A (pars.), formerly §25(a), as added Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; amended Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704; renumbered §25A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Articles of association described in section 612 of this title, referred to in text, was in the original "Such articles of association".

This subchapter, referred to in par. sixth, was in the original "this section", meaning section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which is classified to this subchapter (§611 et seq.).

Codification

Section is comprised of par. 4 (undesignated) of section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which comprises this subchapter. For complete classification of section 25A of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 611 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
12 U.S.C. § 121 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter VI: REDEMPTION AND REPLACEMENT OF CIRCULATING NOTES / Section 121: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-325, title VI, §602(f)(4)(B), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2292
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-325, title VI, §602(f)(4)(B), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2292
Status: repealed

Section, acts June 20, 1874, ch. 343, §3, 18 Stat. 123; Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §20, 38 Stat. 271; May 29, 1920, ch. 214, §1, 41 Stat. 654, provided that every national banking association was to establish reserve in Treasury for redemption of notes by Treasurer of United States, forward notes unfit for use to Treasurer for disposition, and reimburse expenses of Treasury.
12 U.S.C. § 5202 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 52: EMERGENCY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION / Section 5202: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Appropriate committees of Congress

The term "appropriate committees of Congress" means—

(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on the Budget, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on the Budget, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) Board

The term "Board" means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

(3) Congressional support agencies

The term "congressional support agencies" means the Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation.

(4) Corporation

The term "Corporation" means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

(5) Financial institution

The term "financial institution" means any institution, including, but not limited to, any bank, savings association, credit union, security broker or dealer, or insurance company, established and regulated under the laws of the United States or any State, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the United States Virgin Islands, and having significant operations in the United States, but excluding any central bank of, or institution owned by, a foreign government.

(6) Fund

The term "Fund" means the Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund established under section 5212 of this title.

(7) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Treasury.

(8) TARP

The term "TARP" means the Troubled Asset Relief Program established under section 5211 of this title.

(9) Troubled assets

The term "troubled assets" means—

(A) residential or commercial mortgages and any securities, obligations, or other instruments that are based on or related to such mortgages, that in each case was originated or issued on or before March 14, 2008, the purchase of which the Secretary determines promotes financial market stability; and

(B) any other financial instrument that the Secretary, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, determines the purchase of which is necessary to promote financial market stability, but only upon transmittal of such determination, in writing, to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(Pub. L. 110–343, div. A, §3, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3766.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this division", meaning div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3765, known as the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of division A to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of this title and Tables.
12 U.S.C. § 2152 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter IV: PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO TWO OR MORE CLASSES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM / Section 2152: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-233, title II, §207(a)(1), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1607
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-233, title II, §207(a)(1), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1607
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, §4.1, as added Pub. L. 99–205, title I, §104, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1687, contained requirements for purchase of stock and payment of assessments and contribution of capital to Capital Corporation.

A prior section 2152, Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, §4.1, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 609, related to revolving funds and government deposits, prior to repeal, effective thirty days after Dec. 23, 1985, by Pub. L. 99–205, title I, §101(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1678.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 100–233, title II, §207(b), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1607, provided that: "The repeals made by subsection (a) [repealing this section and sections 2216 to 2216k, and 2252(a)(8) of this title] shall take effect 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1988]."
12 U.S.C. § 4247 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 43: ACTIONS AGAINST PERSONS COMMITTING BANK FRAUD CRIMES / Subchapter III: USE OF PRIVATE LEGAL RESOURCES / Section 4247: Promulgation of regulations
Promulgation of regulations
Status: in_force

The Attorney General may promulgate any rules, regulations, or guidelines that, in the Attorney General's judgment, are necessary and appropriate to the effective administration of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, §2594, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4906.)
12 U.S.C. § 5499 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5499: Open data publication
Open data publication
Status: in_force

All public data assets published by the Bureau shall be—

(1) made available as an open Government data asset (as defined in section 3502 of title 44);

(2) freely available for download;

(3) rendered in a human-readable format; and

(4) accessible via application programming interface where appropriate.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1019, as added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LVIII, §5851(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3433.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Rule of Construction Regarding No New Disclosure Requirements

Enactment of section not to be construed to require certain additional information to be collected or disclosed, see section 5853 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 5498 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 4210 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 43: ACTIONS AGAINST PERSONS COMMITTING BANK FRAUD CRIMES / Subchapter I: DECLARATIONS PROVIDING NEW CLAIMS TO UNITED STATES / Section 4210: Sources of payments to declarants
Sources of payments to declarants
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other law, an award under this chapter 1 may be paid to a declarant, or to an individual providing information, from the amounts recovered through civil actions based in whole or in part on the information provided in a valid declaration under this chapter.1

(Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, §2570, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4899.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", and was translated as reading "this subtitle", meaning subtitle H of title XXV of Pub. L. 101–647, known as the Financial Institutions Anti-Fraud Enforcement Act of 1990, which is classified principally to this chapter, as the probable intent of Congress. For complete classification of subtitle H to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4201 of this title and Tables.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 251 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter II: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Section 251: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title II, §2224(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-415
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title II, §2224(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-415
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §477, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2387; Pub. L. 102–550, title XVI, §1606(i)(3), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4089, required Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System to collect and publish information on availability of credit to small businesses.
12 U.S.C. § 1735f (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter V: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 1735f: Water and sewerage facilities
Water and sewerage facilities
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no mortgage which covers new construction shall be approved for insurance under this chapter (except pursuant to a commitment made prior to August 10, 1965) if the mortgaged property includes housing which is not served by a public or adequate community water and sewerage system: Provided, That this limitation shall be applicable only to property which is not served by a system approved by the Secretary pursuant to subchapter IX–A of this chapter, as such subchapter existed immediately before December 15, 1989, and which is situated in an area certified by appropriate local officials to be an area where the establishment of public or adequate community water and sewerage systems is economically feasible: Provided further, That for purposes of this section the economic feasibility of establishing such public or adequate community water and sewerage systems shall be determined without regard to whether such establishment is authorized by law or is subject to approval by one or more local governments or public bodies.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §522, as added Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §217(a), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 473; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(d)(4), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subchapter IX–A of this chapter, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–235, title I, §133(a), Dec. 15, 1989, 103 Stat. 2027.

Amendments

1989—Pub. L. 101–235 inserted ", as such subchapter existed immediately before December 15, 1989," after "subchapter IX–A of this chapter".

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner".
12 U.S.C. § 701 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 7: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION / Subchapter I: FEDERAL LAND BANKS, JOINT-STOCK LAND BANKS, AND FEDERAL LAND BANK ASSOCIATIONS / Section 701: Repealed. Pub. L. 92-181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624
Repealed. Pub. L. 92-181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624
Status: repealed

Section, act July 17, 1916, ch. 245, title I, §6, 39 Stat. 365, covered land banks as government depositaries and agents. See section 2012 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1701r (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Section 1701r: Congressional findings respecting housing for senior citizens
Congressional findings respecting housing for senior citizens
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that there is a large and growing need for suitable housing for older people both in urban and rural areas. Our older citizens face special problems in meeting their housing needs because of the prevalence of modest and limited incomes among the elderly, their difficulty in obtaining liberal long-term home mortgage credit, and their need for housing planned and designed to include features necessary to the safety and convenience of the occupants in a suitable neighborhood environment. The Congress further finds that the present programs for housing the elderly under the Department of Housing and Urban Development have proven the value of Federal credit assistance in this field and at the same time demonstrated the urgent need for an expanded and more comprehensive effort to meet our responsibilities to our senior citizens.

(Pub. L. 87–723, §2, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 90–19, §19, May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 25.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Senior Citizens Housing Act of 1962, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Department of Housing and Urban Development" for "Housing and Home Finance Agency" in second sentence.
12 U.S.C. § 5324 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter I: FINANCIAL STABILITY / Section 5324: Registration of nonbank financial companies supervised by the Board of Governors
Registration of nonbank financial companies supervised by the Board of Governors
Status: in_force

Not later than 180 days after the date of a final Council determination under section 5323 of this title that a nonbank financial company is to be supervised by the Board of Governors, such company shall register with the Board of Governors, on forms prescribed by the Board of Governors, which shall include such information as the Board of Governors, in consultation with the Council, may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §114, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1403.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1391, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.
12 U.S.C. § 611 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6: FOREIGN BANKING / Subchapter II: ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS TO DO FOREIGN BANKING / Section 611: Formation authorized; fiscal agents; depositaries in insular possessions
Formation authorized; fiscal agents; depositaries in insular possessions
Status: in_force

Corporations to be organized for the purpose of engaging in international or foreign banking or other international or foreign financial operations, or in banking or other financial operations in a dependency or insular possession of the United States, either directly or through the agency, ownership or control of local institutions in foreign countries, or in such dependencies or insular possessions as provided by this subchapter and to act when required by the Secretary of the Treasury as fiscal agents of the United States, may be formed by any number of natural persons, not less in any case than five: Provided, That nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to deny the right of the Secretary of the Treasury to use any corporation organized under this subchapter as depositaries in Panama and the Panama Canal Zone, or other insular possessions and dependencies of the United States.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A (par.), formerly §25(a), as added Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; amended Feb. 27, 1921, ch. 73, 41 Stat. 1145; Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 2517, 60 Stat. 1352; renumbered §25A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this section", meaning section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which is classified to this subchapter (§611 et seq.).

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in text, see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Codification

Section is comprised of par. 1 (undesignated) of section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which comprises this subchapter.

Par. 2 (undesignated) is classified to section 611a of this title.

Pars. 3 to 5 (undesignated), formerly pars. 2 to 4 (undesignated), respectively, are classified to sections 612 to 614, respectively, of this title.

Pars. 6 and 7 (undesignated), formerly pars. 5 and 6 (undesignated), respectively, are classified to section 615 of this title.

Pars. 8 to 15 (undesignated), formerly pars. 7 to 14 (undesignated), respectively, are classified to sections 616 to 623, respectively, of this title.

Par. (16), formerly par. 16 (undesignated), formerly par. 15 (undesignated), is classified to section 624 of this title.

Pars. 17 to 23 (undesignated), formerly pars. 16 to 22 (undesignated), are classified to sections 625 to 631 of this title.

Words "in the Philippine Islands and" following "Canal Zone, or" were deleted on authority of Proc. No. 2695, which granted independence to the Philippine Islands pursuant to section 1394 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Proc. No. 2695 is set out as a note under section 1394 of Title 22.

Amendments

1921—Act Feb. 27, 1921, inserted proviso.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A (par.), formerly §25(a), as added by act Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; amended Feb. 27, 1921, ch. 73, 41 Stat. 1145; Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 2517, 60 Stat. 1352; renumbered §25A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281, which is classified to this subchapter, is popularly known as the "Edge Act".
12 U.S.C. § 3706 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 38: MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE / Section 3706: Notice of default and foreclosure sale; condition and term of sale
Notice of default and foreclosure sale; condition and term of sale
Status: in_force

(a) The notice of default and foreclosure sale to be served in accordance with this chapter shall be subscribed with the name and address of the foreclosure commissioner and the date on which subscribed, and shall set forth the following information:

(1) the names of the Secretary, the original mortgagee and the original mortgagor;

(2) the street address or a description of the location of the security property, and a description of the security property, or so much thereof as is to be offered for sale, sufficient to identify the property to be sold;

(3) the date of the mortgage, the office in which the mortgage is recorded, and the liber and folio or other description of the location of recordation of the mortgage;

(4) the failure to make payment, including the due date of the earliest installment payment remaining wholly unpaid as of the date the notice is subscribed, or the description of other default or defaults upon which foreclosure is based, and the acceleration of the secured indebtedness;

(5) the date, time, and place of the foreclosure sale;

(6) a statement that the foreclosure is being conducted pursuant to this chapter;

(7) the types of costs, if any, to be paid by the purchaser upon transfer of title; and

(8) the amount and method of deposit to be required at the foreclosure sale (except that no deposit shall be required of the Secretary), the time and method of payment of the balance of the foreclosure purchase price and other appropriate terms of sale.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary may require, as a condition and term of sale, that the purchaser at a foreclosure sale under this chapter agree to continue to operate the security property in accordance with the terms of the program under which the mortgage insurance or assistance was provided, or any applicable regulatory or other agreement in effect with respect to such property immediately prior to the time of foreclosure sale.

(2)(A) In any case where the majority of the residential units in a property subject to such a sale are occupied by residential tenants at the time of the sale, the Secretary shall require, as a condition and term of sale, any purchaser (other than the Secretary) to operate the property in accordance with such terms, as appropriate, of the programs referred to in paragraph (1).

(B) In any case where the Secretary is the purchaser of a multifamily project, the Secretary shall manage and dispose of such project in accordance with the provisions of section 203 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 [12 U.S.C. 1701z–11].

(Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §367, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §517(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3792.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–550 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Except as provided in paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary may require, as a condition and term of sale, that the purchaser at a foreclosure sale under this chapter agree to continue to operate the security property in accordance with the terms, as appropriate, of the loan program under section 312 of the Housing Act of 1964, the program under which insurance under title II of the National Housing Act was originally provided with respect to such property, or any applicable regulatory or other agreement in effect with respect to such property immediately prior to the time of foreclosure sale."
12 U.S.C. § 3354 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 34A: APPRAISAL SUBCOMMITTEE OF FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL / Section 3354: Automated valuation models used to estimate collateral value for mortgage lending purposes
Automated valuation models used to estimate collateral value for mortgage lending purposes
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Automated valuation models shall adhere to quality control standards designed to—

(1) ensure a high level of confidence in the estimates produced by automated valuation models;

(2) protect against the manipulation of data;

(3) seek to avoid conflicts of interest;

(4) require random sample testing and reviews; and

(5) account for any other such factor that the agencies listed in subsection (b) determine to be appropriate.

(b) Adoption of regulations

The Board, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the National Credit Union Administration Board, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, and the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, in consultation with the staff of the Appraisal Subcommittee and the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal Foundation, shall promulgate regulations to implement the quality control standards required under this section.

(c) Enforcement

Compliance with regulations issued under this subsection shall be enforced by—

(1) with respect to a financial institution, or subsidiary owned and controlled by a financial institution and regulated by a Federal financial institution regulatory agency, the Federal financial institution regulatory agency that acts as the primary Federal supervisor of such financial institution or subsidiary; and

(2) with respect to other participants in the market for appraisals of 1-to-4 unit single family residential real estate, the Federal Trade Commission, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, and a State attorney general.

(d) Automated valuation model defined

For purposes of this section, the term "automated valuation model" means any computerized model used by mortgage originators and secondary market issuers to determine the collateral worth of a mortgage secured by a consumer's principal dwelling.

(Pub. L. 101–73, title XI, §1125, as added Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1473(q), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2198.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such section take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
12 U.S.C. § 583 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 5: CRIMES AND OFFENSES / Subchapter I: IN GENERAL / Section 583: Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Status: repealed

Section 583, R.S. §5243; act Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §318, 49 Stat. 712, related to use of words "National", "Federal", or "United States". See section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 584, act May 24, 1926, ch. 377, §1, 44 Stat. 628, related to spurious advertisements or representations as to Federal farm loans and bonds. See section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 585, acts May 24, 1926, ch. 377, §2, 44 Stat. 628; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §332, 49 Stat. 719, related to use of words "Federal", "United States", "Deposit Insurance", "reserve". See section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 586, act May 24, 1926, ch. 377, §3, 44 Stat. 628, related to false advertisements or representations as to membership in Federal Reserve System. See section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 587, acts May 24, 1926, ch. 377, §4, 44 Stat. 628; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §332, 49 Stat. 719, related to penalties for violations of former sections 584–586. See section 709 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 588, act May 24, 1926, ch. 377, §5, 44 Stat. 629, related to separability of former sections 584 to 587.

Section 588a, acts May 18, 1934, ch. 304, §1, 48 Stat. 783; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §333, 49 Stat. 720, defined "bank". See section 2113 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 588b, acts May 18, 1934, ch. 304, §2, 48 Stat. 783; Aug. 24, 1937, ch. 747, 50 Stat. 749; June 29, 1940, ch. 455, 54 Stat. 695, related to robbery of bank. See section 2113 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 588c, act May 18, 1934, ch. 304, §3, 48 Stat. 783, related to killing or kidnapping as incident to robbery of a bank. See section 2113 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 588d, act May 18, 1934, ch. 304, §4, 48 Stat. 783, related to jurisdiction of bank crimes. See section 3231 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
12 U.S.C. § 3708 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 38: MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE / Section 3708: Service of notice of default and foreclosure sale
Service of notice of default and foreclosure sale
Status: in_force

The foreclosure commissioner shall serve the notice of default and foreclosure sale provided for in section 3706 of this title upon the following persons and in the following manner, and no additional notice shall be required to be served notwithstanding any notice requirements of any State or local law—

(1) The notice of default and foreclosure sale, together with the designation required by section 3704 of this title, shall be sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid and return receipt requested, to the following persons:

(A) the current security property owner of record, as the record exists forty-five days prior to the date originally set for foreclosure sale, whether or not the notice describes a sale adjourned as provided in this chapter;

(B) the original mortgagor and all subsequent mortgagors of record or other persons who appear of record or in the mortgage agreement to be liable for part or all of the mortgage debt, as the record exists forty-five days prior to the date originally set for foreclosure sale, whether or not the notice describes a sale adjourned as provided in this chapter, except any such mortgagors or persons who have been released; and

(C) all persons holding liens of record upon the security property, as the record exists forty-five days prior to the date originally set for foreclosure sale, whether or not the notice describes a sale adjourned as provided in this chapter.

Notice under clauses (A) and (B) of this paragraph shall be mailed at least twenty-one days prior to the date of foreclosure sale, and shall be mailed to the owner or mortgagor at the address stated in the mortgage agreement, or, if none, to the address of the security property, or, at the discretion of the foreclosure commissioner, to any other address believed to be that of such owner or mortgagor. Notice under clause (C) of this paragraph shall be mailed at least ten days prior to the date of foreclosure sale, and shall be mailed to each such lienholder's address as stated of record or, at the discretion of the foreclosure commissioner, to any other address believed to be that of such lienholder. Notice by mail pursuant to this subsection or section 3707(b) of this title shall be deemed duly given upon mailing, whether or not received by the addressee and whether or not a return receipt is received or the letter is returned.

(2) A copy of the notice of default and foreclosure sale shall be published, as provided herein, once a week during three successive calendar weeks, and the date of last publication shall be not less than four nor more than twelve days prior to the sale date. The information included in the notice of default and foreclosure sale pursuant to section 3706(a)(4) of this title may be omitted, in the foreclosure commissioner's discretion, from the published notice. Such publication shall be in a newspaper or newspapers having general circulation in the county or counties in which the security property being sold is located. To the extent practicable, the newspaper or newspapers chosen shall be a newspaper or newspapers, if any is available, having circulation conducive to achieving notice of foreclosure by publication. Should there be no newspaper published at least weekly which has a general circulation in one of the counties in which the security property being sold is located, copies of the notice of default and foreclosure sale shall be posted in at least three public places in each such county at least twenty-one days prior to the date of sale.

(3) A copy of the notice of default and foreclosure sale shall be posted in a prominent place at or on the real property to be sold at least seven days prior to the foreclosure sale, and entry upon the premises for this purpose shall be privileged as against all persons. If the property consists of two or more noncontiguous parcels of land, a copy of the notice of default and foreclosure sale shall be posted in a prominent place on each such parcel. If the security property consists of two or more separate buildings, a copy of the notice of default and foreclosure sale shall be posted in a prominent place on each such building. Posting at or on the premises shall not be required where the foreclosure commissioner, in the commissioner's sole discretion, finds that the act of posting will likely cause a breach of the peace or that posting may result in an increased risk of vandalism or damage to the property.

(Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §369, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 426.)
12 U.S.C. § 4708 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 47: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BANKING / Subchapter I: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS / Section 4708: Training
Training
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Fund may operate a training program to increase the capacity and expertise of community development financial institutions and other members of the financial services industry to undertake community development finance activities.

(b) Program activities

The training program shall provide educational programs to assist community development financial institutions and other members of the financial services industry in developing lending and investment products, underwriting and servicing loans, managing equity investments, and providing development services targeted to areas of economic distress, low-income persons, and persons who lack adequate access to loans and equity investments.

(c) Participation

The training program shall be made available to community development financial institutions and other members of the financial services industry that serve or seek to serve areas of economic distress, low-income persons, and persons who lack adequate access to loans and equity investments.

(d) Contracting

The Fund may offer the training program described in this section directly or through a contract with other organizations. The Fund may contract to provide the training program through organizations that possess special expertise in community development, without regard to whether the organizations receive or are eligible to receive assistance under this subchapter.

(e) Coordination

The Fund shall coordinate with other appropriate Federal departments or agencies that operate similar training programs in order to prevent duplicative efforts.

(f) Regulatory fee for providing training services

(1) General rule

The Fund may, at the discretion of the Administrator and in accordance with this subsection, assess and collect regulatory fees solely to cover the costs of the Fund in providing training services under a training program operated in accordance with this section.

(2) Persons subject to fee

Fees may be assessed under paragraph (1) only on persons who participate in the training program.

(3) Limitation on manner of collection

Fees may be assessed and collected under this subsection only in such manner as may reasonably be expected to result in the collection of an aggregate amount of fees during any fiscal year which does not exceed the aggregate costs of the Fund for such year in providing training services under a training program operated in accordance with this section 1

(4) Limitation on amount of fee

The amount of any fee assessed under this subsection on any person may not exceed the amount which is reasonably based on the proportion of the training services provided under a training program operated in accordance with this section which relate to such person.

(Pub. L. 103–325, title I, §109, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2176.)

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
12 U.S.C. § 4639 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter III: ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS / Section 4639: Public disclosure of final orders and agreements
Public disclosure of final orders and agreements
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director shall make available to the public—

(1) any written agreement or other written statement for which a violation may be redressed by the Director or any modification to or termination thereof, unless the Director, in the Director's discretion, determines that public disclosure would be contrary to the public interest;

(2) any order that is issued with respect to any administrative enforcement proceeding initiated by the Director under this subchapter and that has become final in accordance with sections 4633 and 4634 of this title; and

(3) any modification to or termination of any final order made public pursuant to this subsection.

(b) Hearings

All hearings on the record with respect to any notice of charges issued by the Director shall be open to the public, unless the Director, in the Director's discretion, determines that holding an open hearing would be contrary to the public interest.

(c) Delay of public disclosure under exceptional circumstances

If the Director makes a determination in writing that the public disclosure of any final order pursuant to subsection (a) would seriously threaten the financial health or security of the regulated entity, the Director may delay the public disclosure of such order for a reasonable time.

(d) Documents filed under seal in public enforcement hearings

The Director may file any document or part thereof under seal in any hearing commenced by the Director if the Director determines in writing that disclosure thereof would be contrary to the public interest.

(e) Retention of documents

The Director shall keep and maintain a record, for not less than 6 years, of all documents described in subsection (a) and all enforcement agreements and other supervisory actions and supporting documents issued with respect to or in connection with any enforcement proceeding initiated by the Director under this subchapter or any other law.

(f) Disclosures to Congress

This section may not be construed to authorize the withholding, or to prohibit the disclosure, of any information to the Congress or any committee or subcommittee thereof.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1379B, formerly §1379, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3993; renumbered §1379B and amended Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1153(a)(1), 1156(b)(3), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2770, 2777.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1379B of Pub. L. 102–550 was renumbered section 1379D and is classified to section 4641 of this title.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–289, §1156(b)(3), substituted "regulated entity" for "enterprise".
12 U.S.C. § 4524 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter I: SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF ENTERPRISES / Section 4524: Audits by GAO
Audits by GAO
Status: in_force

The Comptroller General may audit the operations of the Agency, and any such audit shall be conducted in accordance with generally accepted Government auditing standards. All books, records, accounts, reports, files, and property belonging to, or used by, the Agency shall be made available to the Comptroller General.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1319E, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3952; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §106(h), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3831; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1161(a)(5), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2779.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "the Agency" for "the Office" in two places.

1996—Pub. L. 104–316, in first sentence, substituted "may audit" for "shall audit" and inserted ", and any such audit shall be conducted" after "Office", and struck out at end "Audits under this section shall be conducted annually for the first 2 fiscal years following October 28, 1992, and as appropriate thereafter."
12 U.S.C. § 2020 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter I: FARM CREDIT BANKS / Section 2020: Related services
Related services
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Farm Credit Banks may provide technical assistance to borrowers, members, and applicants from the bank and associations in the district, including persons obligated on paper discounted by the bank, and may make available to them at their option such financial related services appropriate to their on-farm and aquatic operations as determined to be feasible by the board of directors of the bank, under regulations of the Farm Credit Administration.

(b) Authority to pass along cost of insurance premiums

(1) In general

Each Farm Credit Bank may assess each production credit association, other association making direct loans under the authority provided under section 2279b of this title, and other financing institution described in section 2015(b)(1)(B) of this title in the district in which the bank is located to cover the costs of making premium payments under part E of subchapter V.

(2) Computation

The assessment on any association or other financing institution described in paragraph (1) for any period shall be computed in an equitable manner, as determined by the Corporation.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, §1.12, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1628; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, §401(k), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 101–220, §6(b)(1), (2), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1880; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, §215(a)(2)(C), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 176; Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5403(a)(2)(A), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §5401(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1154; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §5401(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1915.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2020, Pub. L. 92–181, title I, §1.12, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 96–592, title I, §109, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3439, related to loans through associations or agents, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, §401.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §5401(a), designated first sentence as par. (1), inserted heading, added par. (2), and struck out former second sentence which related to computation of the assessment on the same basis as is used to compute the premium payment and provided formula to calculate a maximum amount.

2002—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §5403(a)(2)(A)(i), inserted "and Government Sponsored Enterprise-guaranteed loans (as defined in section 2277a–4(a)(4) of this title) provided for in paragraph (4)" after "government-guaranteed loans (as defined in section 2277a–4(a)(3) of this title) provided for in paragraph (3)".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 107–171, §5403(a)(2)(A)(ii)–(iv), added par. (4).

1996—Pub. L. 104–105, §215(a)(2)(C), which directed amendment of "section 1.12(b)", without specifying the name of the Act being amended, was executed to this section, which is section 112 of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 104–105, §215(a)(2)(C)(i), inserted "(as defined in section 2277a–4(a)(3) of this title)" after "government-guaranteed loans".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–105, §215(a)(2)(C)(i), inserted "(as so defined)" after "government-guaranteed loans" in subpars. (A) and (B).

1989—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–220, §6(b)(1), inserted ", other association making direct loans under the authority provided under section 2279b of this title," after "production credit association".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–220, §6(b)(2)(A), inserted "funded by or" before "discounted with" and "excluding the guaranteed portions of government-guaranteed loans provided for in paragraph (3)," and struck out "and" after "multiplied by 0.0015;".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–220, §6(b)(2)(B), inserted "funded by or" before "discounted with" and substituted "0.0025; and" for "0.0025.".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–220, §6(b)(2)(C), added par. (3).

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–399 designated existing provision as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted "directors of the bank" for "directors of each district bank", and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5403(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 351, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 2277a–4 and 2277a–5 of this title] shall apply with respect to determinations of premiums for calendar year 2002 and for any succeeding calendar year, and to certified statements with respect to such premiums."

Effective Date of 1989 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–220, §6(c), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1880, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending sections 2020, 2277a–4, 2277a–8, and 2277a–10 of this title] shall be effective for insurance premiums due to the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation under the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) on or after January 1, 1990, based on the loan volume of each bank for each calendar year beginning with calendar year 1989, and shall be effective for the calculation of the initial premium payment required under section 5.56(c) of the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2277a–5(c))."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(b) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1622, provided that this section is effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988.
12 U.S.C. § 1768 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 14: FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1768: Taxation
Taxation
Status: in_force

The Federal credit unions organized hereunder, their property, their franchises, capital, reserves, surpluses, and other funds, and their income shall be exempt from all taxation now or hereafter imposed by the United States or by any State, Territorial, or local taxing authority; except that any real property and any tangible personal property of such Federal credit unions shall be subject to Federal, State, Territorial, and local taxation to the same extent as other similar property is taxed. Nothing herein contained shall prevent holdings in any Federal credit union organized hereunder from being included in the valuation of the personal property of the owners or holders thereof in assessing taxes imposed by authority of the State or political subdivision thereof in which the Federal credit union is located; but the duty or burden of collecting or enforcing the payment of such a tax shall not be imposed upon any such Federal credit union and the tax shall not exceed the rate of taxes imposed upon holdings in domestic credit unions.

(June 26, 1934, ch. 750, title I, §122, formerly §18, 48 Stat. 1222; Dec. 6, 1937, ch. 3, §4, 51 Stat. 4; renumbered §23 and amended Pub. L. 86–354, §1, Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 637; renumbered title I, §122, Pub. L. 91–468, §1(2), Oct. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 994.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1959—Pub. L. 86–354 substituted "but" for "Provided, however, That" and inserted "a" before "tax".

1937—Act Dec. 6, 1937, inserted tax exemption provision, the real and tangible personal property proviso, provided that responsibility of tax collection would not be imposed upon Federal credit unions, and that tax rate would not exceed that of domestic credit unions.
12 U.S.C. § 4543 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter I: SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF ENTERPRISES / Section 4543: Public access to mortgage information
Public access to mortgage information
Status: in_force

(a) Availability

(1) In general

The Director shall make available to the public, in forms useful to the public (including forms accessible by computers), the data submitted by the enterprises in the reports required under section 1723a(m) of this title or section 1456(e) of this title.

(2) Census tract level reporting

Such data shall include the data elements required to be reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 [12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.], at the census tract level.

(b) Access

(1) Proprietary data

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Director may not make available to the public data that the Director determines pursuant to section 4546 of this title are proprietary information.

(2) Exception

The Director shall not restrict access to the data provided in accordance with section 1723a(m)(1)(A) of this title or section 1456(e)(1)(A) of this title or with subsection (a)(2).

(c) Fees

The Director may charge reasonable fees to cover the cost of making data available under this section to the public.

(d) Timing

Data submitted under this section by an enterprise in connection with a provision referred to in subsection (a) shall be made publicly available in accordance with this section not later than September 30 of the year following the year to which the data relates.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1323, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3954; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1122(a)(1), 1126, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2689, 2695.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is title III of Pub. L. 94–200, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1125, which is classified principally to chapter 29 (§2801 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2801 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–289, §1122(a)(1), substituted "Director" for "Secretary" wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) to (c).

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §1126(1), substituted "Availability" for "In general" in subsec. heading, inserted par. (1) designation and heading, and added par. (2). The amendment was executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding an error in the directory language which did not take into consideration the prior amendment by Pub. L. 110–289, §1122(a)(1). See above.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–289, §1126(2), inserted "or with subsection (a)(2)" before period at end.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–289, §1126(3), added subsec. (d).
12 U.S.C. § 71a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter III: DIRECTORS / Section 71a: Number of directors; penalties
Number of directors; penalties
Status: in_force

After one year from June 16, 1933, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the board of directors, board of trustees, or other similar governing body of every national banking association and of every State bank or trust company which is a member of the Federal Reserve System shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five members, except that the Comptroller of the Currency may, by regulation or order, exempt a national bank from the 25-member limit established by this section. If any national banking association violates the provisions of this section and continues such violation after thirty days' notice from the Comptroller of the Currency, the said Comptroller may appoint a receiver or conservator therefor, in accordance with the provisions of existing law. If any State bank or trust company which is a member of the Federal Reserve System violates the provisions of this section and continues such violation after thirty days' notice from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, it shall be subject to the forfeiture of its membership in the Federal Reserve System in accordance with the provisions of section 327 of this title.

(June 16, 1933, ch. 89, §31, 48 Stat. 194; June 16, 1934, ch. 546, §4, 48 Stat. 971; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), title III, §306, 49 Stat. 704, 708; Pub. L. 106–569, title XII, §1205(b), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3034.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2000—Pub. L. 106–569 inserted before period at end of first sentence ", except that the Comptroller of the Currency may, by regulation or order, exempt a national bank from the 25-member limit established by this section".

1935—Act June 16, 1934, as amended by act Aug. 23, 1935, §306, repealed a former provision of this section relating to stock ownership requirements of directors, trustees, or members of similar governing bodies of any national banking association, or of any State bank or trust company which is a member of the Federal Reserve System.

1934—Act June 16, 1934, repealed a former provision of this section relating to stock ownership requirements of directors, trustees, or members of similar governing bodies of member banks of the Federal Reserve System.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Act Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Executive Documents

Exception as to Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, not included in transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 1 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1958 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 21: FINANCIAL RECORDKEEPING / Section 1958: Compliance
Compliance
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall have the responsibility to assure compliance with the requirements of this chapter and section 1829b of this title and may delegate such responsibility to the appropriate bank supervisory agency, or other supervisory agency. The Secretary may rely on examinations conducted by a State supervisory agency of a category of financial institution, if the Secretary determines that the category of financial institution is required to comply with this chapter and section 1829b of this title (and regulations prescribed under this chapter and section 1829b of this title), or the State supervisory agency examines the category of financial institution for compliance with this chapter and section 1829b of this title (and regulations prescribed under this chapter and section 1829b of this title).

(Pub. L. 91–508, title I, §128, Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1118; Pub. L. 113–156, §2(b), Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1829.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–156 substituted "requirements of this chapter and section 1829b of this title" for "requirements of this chapter and sections 1730d and 1829b of this title" and inserted at end "The Secretary may rely on examinations conducted by a State supervisory agency of a category of financial institution, if the Secretary determines that the category of financial institution is required to comply with this chapter and section 1829b of this title (and regulations prescribed under this chapter and section 1829b of this title), or the State supervisory agency examines the category of financial institution for compliance with this chapter and section 1829b of this title (and regulations prescribed under this chapter and section 1829b of this title)."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on first day of seventh calendar month which begins after Oct. 26, 1970, except that the Secretary of the Treasury may, by regulation, provide that this section be effective on any date not earlier than the publication of such regulations in the Federal Register and not later than first day of thirteenth calendar month which begins after Oct. 26, 1970, see section 401(a), (b) of Pub. L. 91–508, set out as a note under section 1951 of this title.

Consultation With State Agencies

Pub. L. 113–156, §2(c), Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1830, provided that: "In issuing rules to carry out section 5318(a)(6) of title 31, United States Code, and section 128 of Public Law 91–508 (12 U.S.C. 1958), the Secretary of the Treasury shall consult with State supervisory agencies."
12 U.S.C. § 5553 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5553: Preservation of existing contracts
Preservation of existing contracts
Status: in_force

This title,1 and regulations, orders, guidance, and interpretations prescribed, issued, or established by the Bureau, shall not be construed to alter or affect the applicability of any regulation, order, guidance, or interpretation prescribed, issued, and established by the Comptroller of the Currency or the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision regarding the applicability of State law under Federal banking law to any contract entered into on or before July 21, 2010, by national banks, Federal savings associations, or subsidiaries thereof that are regulated and supervised by the Comptroller of the Currency or the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision, respectively.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1043, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2014.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title, referred to in text, is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955, known as the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, which enacted this subchapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1048 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5551 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 1748f (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter VIII: ARMED SERVICES HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE / Section 1748f: Rules and regulations
Rules and regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VIII, §807, as added Aug. 8, 1949, ch. 403, §1, 63 Stat. 576; amended Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 783, title IV, §401, 69 Stat. 651; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), (q), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17, 19.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner" and struck out authorization for appointment by the Commissioner of a Special Assistant for Armed Services Housing for Mortgage Insurance with an adequate staff to expedite operations and eliminate administrative obstacles to this subchapter, respectively.

1955—Act Aug. 11, 1955, amended section generally, striking out provisions which stated that nothing should be construed as exempting property from taxation, and inserting provisions authorizing the Commissioner to make rules and regulations and to appoint a Special Assistant.
12 U.S.C. § 246 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter II: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Section 246: Powers of Secretary of the Treasury as affected by chapter
Powers of Secretary of the Treasury as affected by chapter
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter contained shall be construed as taking away any powers heretofore vested by law in the Secretary of the Treasury which relate to the supervision, management, and control of the Treasury Department and bureaus under such department, and wherever any power vested by this chapter in the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal reserve agent appears to conflict with the powers of the Secretary of the Treasury, such powers shall be exercised subject to the supervision and control of the Secretary.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §10 (par.), 38 Stat. 261; June 3, 1922, ch. 205, 42 Stat. 621; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of sixth par. of section 10 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 10, see Codification note set out under section 241 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
12 U.S.C. § 4403 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 45: PAYMENT SYSTEM RISK REDUCTION / Subchapter I: BILATERAL AND CLEARING ORGANIZATION NETTING / Section 4403: Bilateral netting
Bilateral netting
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

Notwithstanding any other provision of State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 5390(c) of this title, section 4617 of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, or any order authorized under section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15), the covered contractual payment obligations and the covered contractual payment entitlements between any 2 financial institutions shall be terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and netted in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the terms of any applicable netting contract (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11).

(b) Limitation on obligation to make payment

The only obligation, if any, of a financial institution to make payment with respect to covered contractual payment obligations to another financial institution shall be equal to its net obligation to such other financial institution, and no such obligation shall exist if there is no net obligation.

(c) Limitation on right to receive payment

The only right, if any, of a financial institution to receive payments with respect to covered contractual payment entitlements from another financial institution shall be equal to its net entitlement with respect to such other financial institution, and no such right shall exist if there is no net entitlement.

(d) Payment of net entitlement of failed financial institution

The net entitlement of any failed financial institution, if any, shall be paid to the failed financial institution in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the applicable netting contract.

(e) Effectiveness notwithstanding status as financial institution

This section shall be given effect notwithstanding that a financial institution is a failed financial institution.

(f) Enforceability of security agreements

The provisions of any security agreement or arrangement or other credit enhancement related to one or more netting contracts between any 2 financial institutions shall be enforceable in accordance with their terms (except as provided in section 561(b)(2) of title 11), and shall not be stayed, avoided, or otherwise limited by any State or Federal law (other than section 1821(e) of this title, section 1787(c) of this title, and section 78eee(b)(2) of title 15).

(Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §403, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2374; Pub. L. 109–8, title IX, §906(b), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 168; Pub. L. 109–390, §4(a), Dec. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 2695; Pub. L. 111–203, title II, §211(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1514.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–203 inserted "section 5390(c) of this title, section 4617 of this title," after "section 1821(e) of this title,".

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–390 struck out "paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of" before "section 1821(e)" and "section 1787(c)" and inserted "terminated, liquidated, accelerated, and" after "institutions shall be".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–390, §4(a)(1), struck out "paragraphs (8)(E), (8)(F), and (10)(B) of" before "section 1821(e)" and "section 1787(c)".

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–8, §906(b)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the covered contractual payment obligations and the covered contractual payment entitlements between any 2 financial institutions shall be netted in accordance with, and subject to the conditions of, the terms of any applicable netting contract."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–8, §906(b)(2), added subsec. (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–390 not applicable to any cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, or to appointments made under any Federal or State law, before Dec. 12, 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 109–390, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under Title 11, Bankruptcy, before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11.
12 U.S.C. § 3409 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 35: RIGHT TO FINANCIAL PRIVACY / Section 3409: Delayed notice
Delayed notice
Status: in_force

(a) Application by Government authority; findings

Upon application of the Government authority, the customer notice required under section 3404(c), 3405(2), 3406(c), 3407(2), 3408(4), or 3412(b) of this title may be delayed by order of an appropriate court if the presiding judge or magistrate judge finds that—

(1) the investigation being conducted is within the lawful jurisdiction of the Government authority seeking the financial records;

(2) there is reason to believe that the records being sought are relevant to a legitimate law enforcement inquiry; and

(3) there is reason to believe that such notice will result in—

(A) endangering life or physical safety of any person;

(B) flight from prosecution;

(C) destruction of or tampering with evidence;

(D) intimidation of potential witnesses; or

(E) otherwise seriously jeopardizing an investigation or official proceeding or unduly delaying a trial or ongoing official proceeding to the same extent as the circumstances in the preceeding 1 subparagraphs.

An application for delay must be made with reasonable specificity.

(b) Grant of delay order; duration and specifications; extensions; copy of request and notice to customer

(1) If the court makes the findings required in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a), it shall enter an ex parte order granting the requested delay for a period not to exceed ninety days and an order prohibiting the financial institution from disclosing that records have been obtained or that a request for records has been made, except that, if the records have been sought by a Government authority exercising financial controls over foreign accounts in the United States under section 4305(b) of title 50, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (title II, Public Law 95–223) [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], or section 287c of title 22, and the court finds that there is reason to believe that such notice may endanger the lives or physical safety of a customer or group of customers, or any person or group of persons associated with a customer, the court may specify that the delay be indefinite.

(2) Extensions of the delay of notice provided in paragraph (1) of up to ninety days each may be granted by the court upon application, but only in accordance with this subsection.

(3) Upon expiration of the period of delay of notification under paragraph (1) or (2), the customer shall be served with or mailed a copy of the process or request together with the following notice which shall state with reasonable specificity the nature of the law enforcement inquiry:

"Records or information concerning your transactions which are held by the financial institution named in the attached process or request were supplied to or requested by the Government authority named in the process or request on (date). Notification was withheld pursuant to a determination by the (title of court so ordering) under the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 [12 U.S.C. 3401 et seq.] that such notice might (state reason).        The purpose of the investigation or official proceeding was        .".

(c) Notice requirement respecting emergency access to financial records

When access to financial records is obtained pursuant to section 3414(b) of this title (emergency access), the Government authority shall, unless a court has authorized delay of notice pursuant to subsections (a) and (b), as soon as practicable after such records are obtained serve upon the customer, or mail by registered or certified mail to his last known address, a copy of the request to the financial institution together with the following notice which shall state with reasonable specificity the nature of the law enforcement inquiry:

"Records concerning your transactions held by the financial institution named in the attached request were obtained by (agency or department) under the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 [12 U.S.C. 3401 et seq.] on (date) for the following purpose:        Emergency access to such records was obtained on the grounds that (state grounds).".

(d) Preservation of memorandums, affidavits, or other papers

Any memorandum, affidavit, or other paper filed in connection with a request for delay in notification shall be preserved by the court. Upon petition by the customer to whom such records pertain, the court may order disclosure of such papers to the petitioner unless the court makes the findings required in subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 95–630, title XI, §1109, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3702; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

The Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978, referred to in subsecs. (b)(3) and (c), is title XI of Pub. L. 95–630, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3697, which is classified generally to this chapter (§3401 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3401 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

In subsec. (a), "magistrate judge" substituted for "magistrate" pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Effective Date

Section effective upon the expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 2101 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 375b of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "preceding".
12 U.S.C. § 3202 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 33: DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT INTERLOCKS / Section 3202: Dual service of management official as management official of unaffiliated institution or holding company in same area, town, or village prohibited
Dual service of management official as management official of unaffiliated institution or holding company in same area, town, or village prohibited
Status: in_force

A management official of a depository institution or a depository holding company may not serve as a management official of any other depository institution or depository holding company not affiliated therewith if an office of one of the institutions or any depository institution that is an affiliate of such institutions is located within either—

(1) the same primary metropolitan statistical area, the same metropolitan statistical area, or the same consolidated metropolitan statistical area that is not comprised of designated primary metropolitan statistical areas as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, except in the case of depository institutions with less than $50,000,000 in assets in which case the provision of paragraph (2) shall apply, as that in which an office of the other institution or any depository institution that is an affiliate of such other institution is located, or

(2) the same city, town, or village as that in which an office of the other institution or any depository institution that is an affiliate of such other institution is located, or in any city, town, or village contiguous or adjacent thereto.

(Pub. L. 95–630, title II, §203, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3673; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title VII, §701(c)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 109–351, title VI, §610, Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1984.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–351 substituted "$50,000,000" for "$20,000,000".

1983—Par. (1). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted "primary metropolitan statistical area, the same metropolitan statistical area, or the same consolidated metropolitan statistical area that is not comprised of designated primary metropolitan statistical areas" for "standard metropolitan statistical area".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective upon the expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 2101 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 375b of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1241 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 9: NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL CREDIT CORPORATIONS / Section 1241: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-230, §24, Sept. 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 466
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-230, §24, Sept. 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 466
Status: repealed

Sections, act Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title II, §209(a), (b) (pt.), (c), (d), 42 Stat. 1467, related to supervision by Comptroller of Currency, assessment of credit corporations to pay administrative expenses, appointment and compensation of examiners of National Agricultural Credit Corporations and laws applicable, and expenses of examinations, respectively.
12 U.S.C. § 581 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 5: CRIMES AND OFFENSES / Subchapter I: IN GENERAL / Section 581: Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Status: repealed

Section, R.S. §5187, related to unauthorized issue of circulating notes. See section 334 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
12 U.S.C. § 658 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 7: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION / Subchapter I: FEDERAL LAND BANKS, JOINT-STOCK LAND BANKS, AND FEDERAL LAND BANK ASSOCIATIONS / Section 658: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-168, title I, §101(b), (c), Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 384, eff. Dec. 31, 1959
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-168, title I, §101(b), (c), Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 384, eff. Dec. 31, 1959
Status: repealed

Section 658, acts July 17, 1916, ch. 245, title I, §3, 39 Stat. 361; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title III, §302, 42 Stat. 1473; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 524, §3, 43 Stat. 1262, related to compensation and manner of payment of Federal landbank appraisers and appraisers or inspectors of Federal intermediate credit banks.

Section 659, acts July 17, 1916, ch. 245, title I, §3, 39 Stat. 361; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 524, §4, 43 Stat. 1263, related to employment of attorneys, experts, and other employees.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Dec. 31, 1959, see Pub. L. 86–168, title I, §104(k), Aug. 18,1959, 73 Stat. 387.
12 U.S.C. § 3907 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 40: INTERNATIONAL LENDING SUPERVISION / Section 3907: Capital adequacy
Capital adequacy
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Each appropriate Federal banking agency shall cause banking institutions to achieve and maintain adequate capital by establishing minimum levels of capital for such banking institutions and by using such other methods as the appropriate Federal banking agency deems appropriate. Each appropriate Federal banking agency shall seek to make the capital standards required under this section or other provisions of Federal law for insured depository institutions countercyclical so that the amount of capital required to be maintained by an insured depository institution increases in times of economic expansion and decreases in times of economic contraction, consistent with the safety and soundness of the insured depository institution.

(2) Each appropriate Federal banking agency shall have the authority to establish such minimum level of capital for a banking institution as the appropriate Federal banking agency, in its discretion, deems to be necessary or appropriate in light of the particular circumstances of the banking institution.

(b)(1) Failure of a banking institution to maintain capital at or above its minimum level as established pursuant to subsection (a) may be deemed by the appropriate Federal banking agency, in its discretion, to constitute an unsafe and unsound practice within the meaning of section 1818 of this title.

(2)(A) In addition to, or in lieu of, any other action authorized by law, including paragraph (1), the appropriate Federal banking agency may issue a directive to a banking institution that fails to maintain captial 1 at or above its required level as established pursuant to subsection (a).

(B)(i) Such directive may require the banking institution to submit and adhere to a plan acceptable to the appropriate Federal banking agency describing the means and timing by which the banking institution shall achieve its required capital level.

(ii) Any such directive issued pursuant to this paragraph, including plans submitted pursuant thereto, shall be enforceable under the provisions of section 1818(i) of this title to the same extent as an effective and outstanding order issued pursuant to section 1818(b) of this title which has become final.

(3)(A) Each appropriate Federal banking agency may consider such banking institution's progress in adhering to any plan required under this subsection whenever such banking institution, or an affiliate thereof, or the holding company which controls such banking institution, seeks the requisite approval of such appropriate Federal banking agency for any proposal which would divert earnings, diminish capital, or otherwise impede such banking institution's progress in achieving its minimum capital level.

(B) Such appropriate Federal banking agency may deny such approval where it determines that such proposal would adversely affect the ability of the banking institution to comply with such plan.

(C) The Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Secretary of the Treasury shall encourage governments, central banks, and regulatory authorities of other major banking countries to work toward maintaining and, where appropriate, strengthening the capital bases of banking institutions involved in international lending.

(Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IX, §908], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1280; Pub. L. 111–203, title VI, §616(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1615.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–203 inserted at end "Each appropriate Federal banking agency shall seek to make the capital standards required under this section or other provisions of Federal law for insured depository institutions countercyclical so that the amount of capital required to be maintained by an insured depository institution increases in times of economic expansion and decreases in times of economic contraction, consistent with the safety and soundness of the insured depository institution."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 616(e) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 1467a of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "capital".
12 U.S.C. § 1866 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 18: BANK SERVICE COMPANIES / Section 1866: Services to nonstockholders or nonmembers
Services to nonstockholders or nonmembers
Status: in_force

No bank service company shall unreasonably discriminate in the provision of any services authorized under this chapter to any depository institution that does not own stock in or is not a member of the service company on the basis of the fact that such depository institution is in competition with an institution that owns stock in or is a member of the bank service company, except that—

(1) it shall not be considered unreasonable discrimination for a bank service company to provide services to a nonstockholding or nonmember institution only at a price that fully reflects all of the costs of offering those services, including the cost of capital and a reasonable return thereon; and

(2) a bank service company may refuse to provide services to a nonstockholding or nonmember institution if comparable services are available from another source at competitive overall costs, or if the providing of services would be beyond the practical capacity of the service company.

(Pub. L. 87–856, §6, Oct. 23, 1962, as added Pub. L. 97–320, title VII, §709, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1543; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2613(g), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–478.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–208, §2613(g)(1)–(4), (6), in section catchline, inserted "or nonmembers" after "nonstockholders", and in introductory provisions of text, substituted "company" for "corporation" wherever appearing and "such depository institution" for "the nonstockholding institution" and inserted "or is not a member of" after "does not own stock in" and "or is a member of" after "that owns stock in".

Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 104–208, §2613(g)(1), (5), substituted "company" for "corporation" wherever appearing and inserted "or nonmember" after "nonstockholding".
12 U.S.C. § 1730f (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter IV: INSURANCE OF SAVINGS AND LOAN ACCOUNTS / Section 1730f: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-73, title IV, §407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-73, title IV, §407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363
Status: repealed

Section 1730f, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §413, as added Dec. 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–533, §11(b), 88 Stat. 1729, related to disclosures with respect to certain federally related mortgage loans, identity of beneficiary interest as condition for loan, and report to Board.

Section 1730g, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §414, as added Mar. 31, 1980, Pub. L. 96–221, title V, §522, 94 Stat. 165; amended Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–457, §33, 96 Stat. 2511, related to insured savings and loan associations.

Section 1730h, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §415, as added Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title IV, §402(b), 101 Stat. 606, related to accounting principles and other standards and requirements.

Section 1730i, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title IV, §416, as added Aug. 10, 1987, Pub. L. 100–86, title IV, §404(b), 101 Stat. 611, related to thrift industry recovery regulations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Savings Provision

Any plan approved by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation under former section 1730i of this title for any State savings association to continue in effect as long as such association adheres to the plan and continues to submit to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation regular and complete reports on the progress in meeting the association's goals under the plan, notwithstanding the repeal of that section, see section 302 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a Savings Provision note under section 1467a of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For provisions relating to abolition of Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation and Federal Home Loan Bank Board and transfer of functions, personnel, and property of such agencies, see sections 401 to 406 of Pub. L. 101–73, set out as a note under section 1437 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 5004 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 50: CHECK TRUNCATION / Section 5004: Substitute check warranties
Substitute check warranties
Status: in_force

A bank that transfers, presents, or returns a substitute check and receives consideration for the check warrants, as a matter of law, to the transferee, any subsequent collecting or returning bank, the depositary bank, the drawee, the drawer, the payee, the depositor, and any endorser (regardless of whether the warrantee receives the substitute check or another paper or electronic form of the substitute check or original check) that—

(1) the substitute check meets all the requirements for legal equivalence under section 5003(b) of this title; and

(2) no depositary bank, drawee, drawer, or endorser will receive presentment or return of the substitute check, the original check, or a copy or other paper or electronic version of the substitute check or original check such that the bank, drawee, drawer, or endorser will be asked to make a payment based on a check that the bank, drawee, drawer, or endorser has already paid.

(Pub. L. 108–100, §5, Oct. 28, 2003, 117 Stat. 1181.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective at the end of the 12-month period beginning on Oct. 28, 2003, see section 20 of Pub. L. 108–100, set out as a note under section 5001 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 612 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6: FOREIGN BANKING / Subchapter II: ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS TO DO FOREIGN BANKING / Section 612: Articles of association; contents
Articles of association; contents
Status: in_force

The persons described in section 611 of this title shall enter into articles of association which shall specify in general terms the objects for which the association is formed and may contain any other provisions not inconsistent with law which the association may see fit to adopt for the regulation of its business and the conduct of its affairs.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A (par.), formerly §25(a), as added Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; renumbered §25A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The persons described in section 611 of this title, referred to in text, was in the original "Such persons".

Codification

Section is comprised of par. 3 (undesignated) of section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which comprises this subchapter. For complete classification of section 25A of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 611 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1862 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 18: BANK SERVICE COMPANIES / Section 1862: Amount of investment in bank service company
Amount of investment in bank service company
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any limitation or prohibition otherwise imposed by any provision of law exclusively relating to banks or savings associations, other than the limitation on the amount of investment by a Federal savings association contained in section 1464(c)(4)(B) of this title, an insured depository institution may invest not more than 10 per centum of paid-in and unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus in a bank service company. No insured depository institution shall invest more than 5 per centum of its total assets in bank service companies.

(Pub. L. 87–856, §2, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1132; Pub. L. 97–320, title VII, §709, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1541; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2613(c), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–477; Pub. L. 109–351, title VI, §602(a), (b)(2), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1978, 1979.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Pub. L. 109–351 inserted "or savings associations, other than the limitation on the amount of investment by a Federal savings association contained in section 1464(c)(4)(B) of this title" after "relating to banks" and substituted "insured depository institution" for "insured bank" in two places.

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "company" for "corporation" in section catchline and "company" and "companies" for "corporation" and "corporations", respectively, in text.

1982—Pub. L. 97–320 substituted provisions relating to the maximum permissible amount of investment in a bank service corporation by an insured bank for provisions which read as follows:

"(a) No limitation or prohibition otherwise imposed by any provision of Federal law exclusively relating to banks shall prevent any two or more banks from investing not more than 10 per centum of the paid-in and unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus of each of them in a bank service corporation.

"(b) If stock in a bank service corporation has been held by two banks, and one of such banks ceases to utilize the services of the corporation and ceases to hold stock in it, and leaves the other as the sole stockholding bank, the corporation may nevertheless continue to function as such and the other bank may continue to hold stock in it."
12 U.S.C. § 1440 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 11: FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS / Section 1440: Examinations and audits
Examinations and audits
Status: in_force

The Director shall from time to time, at least annually, require examinations and reports of condition of all Federal Home Loan Banks in such form as the Director shall prescribe and shall furnish periodically statements based upon the reports of the banks to the Director. For the purposes of this chapter, examiners appointed by the Director shall be subject to the same requirements, responsibilities, and penalties as are applicable to examiners under the National Bank Act [12 U.S.C. 21 et seq.] and the Federal Reserve Act [12 U.S.C. 221 et seq.], and shall have, in the exercise of functions under this chapter, the same powers and privileges as are vested in such examiners by law. In addition to such examinations, the Comptroller General may audit or examine the Director and the Banks, to determine the extent to which the Director and the Banks are fairly and effectively fulfilling the purposes of this chapter.

(July 22, 1932, ch. 522, §20, 47 Stat. 738; June 27, 1950, ch. 369, §10, 64 Stat. 259; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §802(f), 68 Stat. 643; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §§701(b)(1), (3)(A), 702(b), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 412, 415; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, §1204(8), (9), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2786.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Bank Act, referred to in text, is act June 3, 1864, ch. 106, 13 Stat. 99, which is classified principally to chapter 2 (§21 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 38 of this title.

The Federal Reserve Act, referred to in text, is act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, which is classified principally to chapter 3 (§221 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "The Director" for "The Board" and "the Director" for "the Board" wherever appearing.

1989—Pub. L. 101–73, §702(b), inserted provisions relating to audit or examination by the Comptroller General.

Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board" wherever appearing.

1954—Act Aug. 2, 1954, struck out second sentence relating to annual report of the board to Congress. See section 1437(b) of this title.

1950—Act June 27, 1950, struck out "twice" before "annually".
12 U.S.C. § 1734 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter V: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 1734: Amendment, extension, or increase of commitment amounts
Amendment, extension, or increase of commitment amounts
Status: in_force

At any time prior to final endorsement for insurance, the Secretary, in his discretion, may amend, extend, or increase the amount of any commitment, provided the mortgage, as finally endorsed for insurance is eligible for insurance under the provisions of this chapter and the rules and regulations thereunder, in effect at the time the original commitment to insure was issued.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §515 as added Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §3, 63 Stat. 906; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 98–479, title II, §204(a)(20), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2232.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–479 struck out "; mortgage conditions" after "amounts" in section catchline.

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner".
12 U.S.C. § 1723e (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter III: NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATIONS / Section 1723e: title IV, §483(a)
title IV, §483(a)
Status: in_force

Section, act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §313, as added Oct. 18, 1974, Pub. L. 93–449, §3(a), 88 Stat. 1364; amended July 2, 1975, Pub. L. 94–50, title II §§201–206, 89 Stat. 254, 255; Aug. 3, 1976, Pub. L. 94–375, §13(e)(1), 90 Stat. 1075; Oct. 12, 1977, Pub. L. 95–128, title IV, §407(a)–(d), 91 Stat. 1137, 1138; Oct. 8, 1980, Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §337(b), 94 Stat. 1655, related to the interim mortgage and security purchasing authority of the Association.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Savings Provision

For continued application of former sections 1720 and 1723e of this title to any purchase or commitment to purchase any mortgage made pursuant to those sections before Nov. 30, 1983, and the servicing and disposition of any such mortgage, see section 483(b) of Pub. L. 98–181, set out as a note under section 1720 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 93–449, §3(b), Oct. 18, 1974, 88 Stat. 1366, as amended by Pub. L. 94–50, title II, §207, July 2, 1975, 89 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 94–375, §13(d), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1075; Pub. L. 95–128, title IV, §407(e), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1138; Pub. L. 95–406, §3, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §303, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2096; Pub. L. 96–71, §3, Sept. 28, 1979, 93 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 96–105, §3, Nov. 8, 1979, 93 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §303, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–372, §4, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1364; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §337(a), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1655, which related to the effective date of former section 1723e of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, §483(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Emergency Mortgage Purchase Assistance; Transfer of Funds

Pub. L. 98–371, title I, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1218, in part directed Secretary to transfer all assets acquired and liabilities incurred pursuant to this section to management and liquidating functions fund established pursuant to section 1721 of this title, and that on Oct. 1, 1984, each outstanding obligation issued by Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to subsec. (c) of this section, together with any promise to repay principal and unpaid interest which had accrued on each obligation, and any other term or condition specified by each such obligation, was canceled.
12 U.S.C. § 5603 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5603: Review, report, and program with respect to exchange facilitators
Review, report, and program with respect to exchange facilitators
Status: in_force

(a) Review

The Director shall review all Federal laws and regulations relating to the protection of consumers who use exchange facilitators for transactions primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(b) Report

Not later than 1 year after the designated transfer date, the Director shall submit to Congress a report describing—

(1) recommendations for legislation to ensure the appropriate protection of consumers who use exchange facilitators for transactions primarily for personal, family, or household purposes;

(2) recommendations for updating the regulations of Federal departments and agencies to ensure the appropriate protection of such consumers; and

(3) recommendations for regulations to ensure the appropriate protection of such consumers.

(c) Program

Not later than 2 years after the date of the submission of the report under subsection (b), the Bureau shall, consistent with part B, propose regulations or otherwise establish a program to protect consumers who use exchange facilitators.

(d) Exchange facilitator defined

In this section, the term "exchange facilitator" means a person that—

(1) facilitates, for a fee, an exchange of like kind property by entering into an agreement with a taxpayer by which the exchange facilitator acquires from the taxpayer the contractual rights to sell the taxpayer's relinquished property and transfers a replacement property to the taxpayer as a qualified intermediary (within the meaning of Treasury Regulations section 1.1031(k)–1(g)(4)) or enters into an agreement with the taxpayer to take title to a property as an exchange accommodation titleholder (within the meaning of Revenue Procedure 2000–37) or enters into an agreement with a taxpayer to act as a qualified trustee or qualified escrow holder (within the meaning of Treasury Regulations section 1.1031(k)–1(g)(3));

(2) maintains an office for the purpose of soliciting business to perform the services described in paragraph (1); or

(3) advertises any of the services described in paragraph (1) or solicits clients in printed publications, direct mail, television or radio advertisements, telephone calls, facsimile transmissions, or other electronic communications directed to the general public for purposes of providing any such services.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1079, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2077.)
12 U.S.C. § 1848a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 17: BANK HOLDING COMPANIES / Section 1848a: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-203, title VI, §604(c)(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1601
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-203, title VI, §604(c)(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1601
Status: repealed

Section, act May 9, 1956, ch. 240, §10A, as added Pub. L. 106–102, title I, §113, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1368, related to limitation on rulemaking, prudential, supervisory, and enforcement authority of the Board.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the transfer date, see section 604(j) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1462 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2012 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter I: FARM CREDIT BANKS / Section 2012: Board of directors
Board of directors
Status: in_force

Each Farm Credit Bank shall elect a board of directors of such number, for such term, in such manner, and with such qualifications, as may be required in its bylaws, except that, at least one member shall be elected by the other directors, which member shall not be a director, officer, employee, or stockholder of a System institution.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title I, §1.4, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1622; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, §401(c), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 995.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2012, Pub. L. 92–181, title I, §1.4, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 96–592, title I, §101, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3437; Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §205(d)(1), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1703; Pub. L. 100–233, title VII, §705(a), title VIII, §802(b), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1706, 1710; Pub. L. 100–399, title VI, §604, Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1006, related to corporate existence and general corporate powers, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, §401.

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–399 struck out "from its voting stockholders" after "shall elect".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(b) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1622, provided that this section is effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988.
12 U.S.C. § 624 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6: FOREIGN BANKING / Subchapter II: ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS TO DO FOREIGN BANKING / Section 624: Appointment of receiver or conservator
Appointment of receiver or conservator
Status: in_force

(A) In general.—The Board may appoint a conservator or receiver for a corporation organized under the provisions of this subchapter to the same extent and in the same manner as the Comptroller of the Currency may appoint a conservator or receiver for a national bank, and the conservator or receiver for such corporation shall exercise the same powers, functions, and duties, subject to the same limitations, as a conservator or receiver for a national bank.

(B) Equivalent authority.—The Board shall have the same authority with respect to any conservator or receiver appointed for a corporation organized under the provisions of this subchapter under this section and any such corporation as the Comptroller of the Currency has with respect to a conservator or receiver of a national bank and the national bank for which a conservator or receiver has been appointed.

(C) Title 11 petitions.—The Board may direct the conservator or receiver of a corporation organized under the provisions of this subchapter to file a petition pursuant to title 11, in which case, title 11 shall apply to the corporation in lieu of otherwise applicable Federal or State insolvency law.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A(16), formerly §25(a) (par.), as added Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; amended Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704; renumbered §25A (par.), Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281; renumbered §25A(16), and amended Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §112(e)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–396.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this section", meaning section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which is classified to this subchapter (§611 et seq.).

Codification

Section is comprised of par. (16) of section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which comprises this subchapter. For complete classification of section 25A of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 611 of this title.

Amendments

2000—Pub. L. 106–554 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Whenever the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall become satisfied of the insolvency of any corporation organized under this subchapter, it may appoint a receiver who shall take possession of all of the property and assets of the corporation and exercise the same rights, privileges, powers, and authority with respect thereto as are now exercised by receivers of national banks appointed by the Comptroller of the Currency of the United States: Provided, however, That the assets of the corporation subject to the laws of other countries or jurisdictions shall be dealt with in accordance with the terms of such laws."
12 U.S.C. § 5614 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter VI: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROVISIONS / Section 5614: Exercise of Federal Reserve authority
Exercise of Federal Reserve authority
Status: in_force

(1) No decisions by Federal reserve bank presidents

No provision of subchapter I relating to the authority of the Board of Governors shall be construed as conferring any decision-making authority on presidents of Federal reserve banks.

(2) Voting decisions by Board

The Board of Governors shall not delegate the authority to make any voting decision that the Board of Governors is authorized or required to make under subchapter I of this chapter in contravention of section 248(k) of this title.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title XI, §1108(d), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2127.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subchapter I, referred to in text, was in the original "title I", meaning title I of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1391, known as the Financial Stability Act of 2010, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§5311 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.
12 U.S.C. § 1722 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter III: NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATIONS / Section 1722: Benefits and burdens incident to administration of functions and operations under sections 1720 and 1721
Benefits and burdens incident to administration of functions and operations under sections 1720 and 1721
Status: in_force

All of the benefits and burdens incident to the administration of the functions and operations of the Association under sections 1720 and 1721, respectively, of this title, after allowance for related obligations of the Association, its prorated expenses, and the like, including amounts required for the establishment of such reserves as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall deem appropriate, shall inure solely to the Secretary of the Treasury, and such related earnings or other amounts as become available shall be paid annually by the Association to the Secretary of the Treasury for covering into miscellaneous receipts.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, §307, as added Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 619; amended Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §802(v), (w), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 539.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1720 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, §483(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1240.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 307 of act June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title III, 48 Stat. 1255; amended Feb. 3, 1938, ch. 13, §8, 52 Stat. 24, related to exemption from taxation, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by act July 1, 1948, ch. 784, §1, 62 Stat. 1206, and was subsequently covered by section 1719 of this title until the general amendment of this subchapter by act Aug. 2, 1954. See section 1723a(c) of this title.

Amendments

1968—Pub. L. 90–448 repealed subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to separate accountability and to functions of the Association under sections 1720 and 1721 of this title, redesignated subsec. (c) as the entire section, and substituted "Secretary of Housing and Urban Development" for "board of directors of the Association".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.