22 U.S.C. § 1465aa (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: DISSEMINATION ABROAD OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNITED STATES / Section 1465aa: Findings and purposes
Findings and purposes
Status: in_force

The Congress finds and declares that—

(1) it is the policy of the United States to support the right of the people of Cuba to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, in accordance with article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;

(2) consonant with this policy, television broadcasting to Cuba may be effective in furthering the open communication of accurate information and ideas to the people of Cuba and, in particular, information about Cuba;

(3) television broadcasting to Cuba, operated in a manner not inconsistent with the broad foreign policy of the United States and in accordance with high professional standards, would be in the national interest;

(4) facilities broadcasting television programming to Cuba must be operated in a manner consistent with applicable regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, and must not affect the quality of domestic broadcast transmission or reception; and

(5) that 1 the Voice of America already broadcasts to Cuba information that represents America, not any single segment of American society, and includes a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions, but that there is a need for television broadcasts to Cuba which provide news, commentary, and other information about events in Cuba and elsewhere to promote the cause of freedom in Cuba.

(Pub. L. 101–246, title II, §242, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 58.)

Repeal of Section

Section repealed upon transmittal of determination by President under section 6063(c)(3) of this title that democratically elected government in Cuba is in power, see section 6037(c) of this title.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act which comprises this subchapter, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 101–246, title II, §241, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 58, provided that: "This part [part D (§§241–248) of title II of Pub. L. 101–246, enacting this subchapter, amending section 1465c of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1465c of this title] may be cited as the 'Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act'."

1 So in original. The word "that" probably should not appear.
22 U.S.C. § 2395 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2395: General authorities
General authorities
Status: in_force

(a) Manner of furnishing assistance; emphasis on loans

Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, assistance under this chapter may be furnished on a grant basis or on such terms, including cash, credit, or other terms of repayment (including repayment in foreign currencies or by transfer to the United States Government of commodities) as may be determined to be best suited to the achievement of the purposes of this chapter, and shall emphasize loans rather than grants wherever possible.

(b) Authority of the President

The President may make loans, advances, and grants to, make and perform agreements and contracts with, or enter into other transactions with, any individual, corporation, or other body of persons, friendly government or government agency, whether within or without the United States, and international organizations in furtherance of the purposes and within the limitations of this chapter.

(c) Utilization of services and facilities of voluntary, nonprofit organizations

It is the sense of Congress that the President, in furthering the purposes of this chapter, shall use to the maximum extent practicable the services and facilities of voluntary, nonprofit organizations registered with, and approved by, the Agency for International Development.

(d) Acceptance of gifts, devises, bequests, grants, etc.

The President may accept and use in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, money, funds, property, and services of any kind made available by gift, devise, bequest, grant, or otherwise for such purpose.

(e) Health and accident insurance for foreign participants and foreign employees

(1) Any agency of the United States Government is authorized to pay the cost of health and accident insurance for foreign participants in any program of furnishing technical information and assistance administered by such agency while such participants are absent from their homes for the purpose of participation in such program.

(2) Any agency of the United States Government is authorized to pay the cost of health and accident insurance for foreign employees of that agency while those employees are absent from their place of employment abroad for purposes of training or other official duties.

(f) Admission of alien participants

Alien participants in any program of furnishing technical information and assistance under this chapter may be admitted to the United States if otherwise qualified as nonimmigrants under section 1101(a)(15) of title 8, for such time and under such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State and the Attorney General.

(g) Powers and authorities of the President with respect to loans

In making loans under this chapter, the President—

(1) may issue letters of credit and letters of commitment;

(2) may collect or compromise any obligations assigned to, or held by, and any legal or equitable rights accruing to him, and, as he may determine, refer any such obligations or rights to the Attorney General for suit or collection;

(3) may acquire and dispose of, upon such terms and conditions as he may determine, any property, including any instrument evidencing indebtedness or ownership (provided that equity securities may not be directly purchased although such securities may be acquired by other means such as by exercise of conversion rights or through enforcement of liens or pledges or otherwise to satisfy a previously incurred indebtedness), and guarantee payment against any such instrument;

(4) may determine the character of, and necessity for, obligations and expenditures of funds used in making such loans and the manner in which they shall be incurred, allowed, and paid, subject to provisions of law specifically applicable to corporations of the United States Government; and

(5) shall cause to be maintained an integral set of accounts which shall be audited by the Government Accountability Office in accordance with principles and procedures applicable to commercial corporate transactions as provided by chapter 91 of title 31.

(h) Term of contracts and agreements

A contract or agreement which entails commitments for the expenditure of funds made available under part I (except development loans) and subpart II of part II of subchapter I and under subchapter II of this chapter, may, subject to any future action of the Congress, extend at any time for not more than five years.

(i) Settlement and arbitration of claims arising under investment guaranty operations

Claims arising as a result of investment guaranty operations may be settled, and disputes arising as a result thereof may be arbitrated with the consent of the parties, on such terms and conditions as the President may direct. Payment made pursuant to any such settlement, or as a result of an arbitration award, shall be final and conclusive notwithstanding any other provision of law.

(j) Financial transactions with foreign governments; exemption

The provisions of section 955 of title 18 shall not apply to prevent any person, including any individual, partnership, corporation, or association, from acting for, or participating in, any operation or transaction arising under this chapter, or from acquiring any obligation issued in connection with any operation or transaction arising under this chapter.

(k) Cost-type contracts with educational institutions; payment of reimbursable indirect costs

Any cost-type contract or agreement (including grants) entered into with a university, college, or other educational institution for the purpose of carrying out programs authorized by subchapter I of this chapter may provide for the payment of the reimbursable indirect costs of said university, college, or other educational institution on the basis of predetermined fixed-percentage rates applied to the total, or an element thereof, of the reimbursable direct costs incurred.

(l) Program oversight

 The Administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter may use funds made available under that subchapter to provide program and management oversight for activities that are funded under that subchapter and that are conducted in countries in which the agency does not have a field mission or office.

(m) Working capital fund

(1) There is established a working capital fund (in this subsection referred to as the "fund") for the United States Agency for International Development (in this subsection referred to as the "Agency") which shall be available without fiscal year limitation for the expenses of personal and nonpersonal services, equipment, and supplies for—

(A) International Cooperative Administrative Support Services; and

(B) rebates from the use of United States Government credit cards.

(2) The capital of the fund shall consist of—

(A) the fair and reasonable value of such supplies, equipment, and other assets pertaining to the functions of the fund as the Administrator determines,

(B) rebates from the use of United States Government credit cards, and

(C) any appropriations made available for the purpose of providing capital,

minus related liabilities.

(3) The fund shall be reimbursed or credited with advance payments for services, equipment, or supplies provided from the fund from applicable appropriations and funds of the Agency, other Federal agencies and other sources authorized by section 2357 of this title at rates that will recover total expenses of operation, including accrual of annual leave and depreciation. Receipts from the disposal of, or payments for the loss or damage to, property held in the fund, rebates, reimbursements, refunds and other credits applicable to the operation of the fund may be deposited in the fund.

(4) At the close of each fiscal year the Administrator of the Agency shall transfer out of the fund to the miscellaneous receipts account of the Treasury of the United States such amounts as the Administrator determines to be in excess of the needs of the fund.

(5) The fund may be charged with the current value of supplies and equipment returned to the working capital of the fund by a post, activity, or agency, and the proceeds shall he 1 credited to current applicable appropriations.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §635, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 87–565, pt. III, §302(g), Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 262; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. III, §302(e), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 389; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. III, §302(g), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 660; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. III, §302(d), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. III, §302(i), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §102(g)(2)(G), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 96–53, title I, §121, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 366; Pub. L. 106–264, title III, §301, Aug. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 106–309, title IV, §404, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1098; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (d), (g), and (j), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Codification

In subsec. (g)(5), "chapter 91 of title 31" substituted for "the Government Corporation Control Act, as amended (31 U.S.C. 841 et seq.)" on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

2000—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 106–264 added subsec. (l).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106–309 added subsec. (m).

1979—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–53 substituted "Agency for International Development" for "Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid".

1978—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–424 substituted "part I (except development loans) and subpart II of part II of subchapter I" for "subparts II, V, and VI of part II of subchapter I (except development loans)".

1967—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–137, §302(i)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–137, §302(i)(2), struck out "and sales" after "loans" in introductory clause.

1966—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89–583 excluded development loans under the Alliance for Progress from the provision that contracts or agreements which entail commitments for the expenditure of funds may not extend for more than five years.

1965—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–171 inserted "and sales" in introductory clause.

1963—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88–205 added subsec. (k).

1962—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–565 included sections 2211 to 2213 of this title within the limitation on the duration of contracts and agreements.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II, and References to Subchapter II Deemed To Exclude Such Parts

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

References to Part I Deemed To Include Section 2293

References to part I of subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include a reference to section 2293 of this title. See section 2293(d)(1) of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Effective Date of 1967 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–137, pt. III, §302(i)(2), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 461, provided in part that amendment of subsec. (g) by such section 302(i)(2) shall take effect on June 30, 1968.

Information to Congressional Committees on Negotiations Regarding Debts Owed United States by Foreign Governments; Transmittal to Congress of Debt Modification Proposals

Pub. L. 93–333, §4, July 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 290, relating to cancellation, renegotiation, etc., of any debt owed by a foreign government, was repealed by Pub. L. 95–424, title VI, §603(b), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 961.

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.

International Agreements

The negotiation, conclusion, and termination of international agreements pursuant to this chapter shall be subject to requirements of section 112b of Title 1, General Provisions, and to applicable regulations and procedures, see section 1–604 of Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56677, eff. Oct. 1, 1979, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "be".
22 U.S.C. § 7105 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 78: TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION / Section 7105: Protection and assistance for victims of trafficking
Protection and assistance for victims of trafficking
Status: in_force

(a) Assistance for victims in other countries

(1) In general

The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, in consultation with appropriate nongovernmental organizations, shall establish and carry out programs and initiatives in foreign countries to assist in the safe integration, reintegration, or resettlement, as appropriate, of victims of trafficking. Such programs and initiatives shall be designed to meet the appropriate assistance needs of such persons and their children, as identified by the Task Force, and shall be carried out in a manner which takes into account the cross-border, regional, and transnational aspects of trafficking in persons. In addition, such programs and initiatives shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include the following:

(A) Support for local in-country nongovernmental organization-operated hotlines, culturally and linguistically appropriate protective shelters, and regional and international nongovernmental organization networks and databases on trafficking, including support to assist nongovernmental organizations in establishing service centers and systems that are mobile and extend beyond large cities.

(B) Support for nongovernmental organizations and advocates to provide legal, social, and other services and assistance to trafficked individuals, particularly those individuals in detention, and by facilitating contact between relevant foreign government agencies and such nongovernmental organizations to facilitate cooperation between the foreign governments and such organizations.

(C) Education and training for trafficked women and girls.

(D) The safe integration or reintegration of trafficked individuals into an appropriate community or family, with full respect for the wishes, dignity, and safety of the trafficked individual.

(E) Support for developing or increasing programs to assist families of victims in locating, repatriating, and treating their trafficked family members, in assisting the voluntary repatriation of these family members or their integration or resettlement into appropriate communities, and in providing them with treatment.

(F) In cooperation and coordination with relevant organizations, such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the International Organization for Migration, and private nongovernmental organizations that contract with, or receive grants from, the United States Government to assist refugees and internally displaced persons, support for—

(i) increased protections for refugees and internally displaced persons, including outreach and education efforts to prevent such refugees and internally displaced persons from being exploited by traffickers; and

(ii) performance of best interest determinations for unaccompanied and separated children who come to the attention of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, its partner organizations, or any organization that contracts with the Department of State in order to identify child trafficking victims and to assist their safe integration, reintegration, and resettlement.

(2) Additional requirement

In establishing and conducting programs and initiatives described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall take all appropriate steps to enhance cooperative efforts among foreign countries, including countries of origin of victims of trafficking, to assist in the integration, reintegration, or resettlement, as appropriate, of victims of trafficking, including stateless victims. In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary and the Administrator shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that cooperative efforts among foreign countries are undertaken on a regional basis and shall brief Congress annually on such efforts.

(b) Victims in the United States

(1) Assistance

(A) Eligibility for benefits and services

Notwithstanding title IV of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 [8 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], an alien who is a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons, or an alien classified as a nonimmigrant under section 1101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of title 8, shall be eligible for benefits and services under any Federal or State program or activity funded or administered by any official or agency described in subparagraph (B) to the same extent as an alien who is admitted to the United States as a refugee under section 1157 of title 8.

(B) Requirement to expand benefits and services

(i) In general

Subject to subparagraph (C) and, in the case of nonentitlement programs, to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Labor, the Board of Directors of the Legal Services Corporation, and the heads of other Federal agencies shall expand benefits and services to victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons in the United States, and aliens classified as a nonimmigrant under section 1101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of title 8, without regard to the immigration status of such victims. In the case of nonentitlement programs funded by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, such benefits and services may include services to assist potential victims of trafficking in achieving certification and to assist minor dependent children of victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons or potential victims of trafficking.

(ii) National human trafficking hotline

Beginning in fiscal year 2017, and in each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall make grants for a national communication system to assist victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons in communicating with service providers. The Secretary shall give priority to grant applicants that have experience in providing telephone services to victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons. The contact information of the national human trafficking hotline (including options to reach out to the hotline such as through phone, text, or TTY) shall be posted as follows:

(I) In a visible place in all Federal buildings.

(II) The Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall seek to coordinate with the owners and operators of aircraft, airports, over-the road buses, bus stations, passenger trains, and passenger railroad stations to place the contact information of the national human trafficking hotline in the restrooms of each such aircraft, airport, over the-road bus, bus station, passenger train, and passenger railroad station operating within the United States.

(III) The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and in coordination with the heads of such other Federal agencies as may be appropriate, shall place the contact information of the national human trafficking hotline at each port of entry.

(C) Definition of victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons

For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons" means only a person—

(i) who has been subjected to an act or practice described in section 7102(8) of this title as in effect on October 28, 2000; and

(ii)(I) who has not attained 18 years of age; or

(II) who is the subject of a certification under subparagraph (E).

(D) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–193, §6(a)(2), Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2880

(E) Certification

(i) In general

Subject to clause (ii), the certification referred to in subparagraph (C) is a certification by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, after consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, that the person referred to in subparagraph (C)(ii)(II)—

(I) is willing to assist in every reasonable way in the investigation and prosecution of severe forms of trafficking in persons or is unable to cooperate with such a request due to physical or psychological trauma; and

(II)(aa) has made a bona fide application for a visa under section 1101(a)(15)(T) of title 8, as added by subsection (e), that has not been denied; or

(bb) is a person whose continued presence in the United States the Secretary of Homeland Security is ensuring in order to effectuate prosecution of traffickers in persons.

(ii) Period of effectiveness

A certification referred to in subparagraph (C), with respect to a person described in clause (i)(II)(bb), shall be effective only for so long as the Secretary of Homeland Security determines that the continued presence of such person is necessary to effectuate prosecution of traffickers in persons.

(iii) Investigation and prosecution defined

For the purpose of a certification under this subparagraph, the term "investigation and prosecution" includes—

(I) identification of a person or persons who have committed severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(II) location and apprehension of such persons;

(III) testimony at proceedings against such persons; or

(IV) responding to and cooperating with requests for evidence and information.

(iv) Assistance to investigations

In making the certification described in this subparagraph with respect to the assistance to investigation or prosecution described in clause (i)(I), the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall consider statements from State and local law enforcement officials that the person referred to in subparagraph (C)(ii)(II) has been willing to assist in every reasonable way with respect to the investigation and prosecution of State and local crimes such as kidnapping, rape, slavery, or other forced labor offenses, where severe forms of trafficking appear to have been involved.

(F) No requirement of official certification for United States citizens and lawful permanent residents

Nothing in this section may be construed to require United States citizens or lawful permanent residents who are victims of severe forms of trafficking to obtain an official certification from the Secretary of Health and Human Services in order to access any of the specialized services described in this subsection or any other Federal benefits and protections to which they are otherwise entitled.

(G) Eligibility for interim assistance of children

(i) Determination

Upon receiving credible information that a child described in subparagraph (C)(ii)(I) who is seeking assistance under this paragraph may have been subjected to a severe form of trafficking in persons, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall promptly determine if the child is eligible for interim assistance under this paragraph. The Secretary shall have exclusive authority to make interim eligibility determinations under this clause. A determination of interim eligibility under this clause shall not affect the independent determination whether a child is a victim of a severe form of trafficking.

(ii) Notification

The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall notify the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security not later than 24 hours after all interim eligibility determinations have been made under clause (i).

(iii) Duration

Assistance under this paragraph may be provided to individuals determined to be eligible under clause (i) for a period of up to 90 days and may be extended for an additional 30 days.

(iv) Long-term assistance for children

(I) Eligibility determination

Before the expiration of the period for interim assistance under clause (iii), the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall determine if the child referred to in clause (i) is eligible for assistance under this paragraph.

(II) Consultation

In making a determination under subclause (I), the Secretary shall consult with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and nongovernmental organizations with expertise on victims of severe form 1 of trafficking.

(III) Letter of eligibility

If the Secretary, after receiving information the Secretary believes, taken as a whole, indicates that the child is eligible for assistance under this paragraph, the Secretary shall issue a letter of eligibility. The Secretary may not require that the child cooperate with law enforcement as a condition for receiving such letter of eligibility.

(H) Notification of children for interim assistance

Not later than 24 hours after a Federal, State, or local official discovers that a person who is under 18 years of age may be a victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons, the official shall notify the Secretary of Health and Human Services to facilitate the provision of interim assistance under subparagraph (G).

(2) Grants

(A) In general

Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Attorney General may make grants to States, Indian tribes, units of local government, and nonprofit, nongovernmental victims' service organizations to develop, expand, or strengthen victim service programs for victims of human trafficking, including programs that provide trauma-informed care or housing options to such victims who are—

(i)(I) between 12 and 24 years of age; and

(II) homeless, in foster care, or involved in the criminal justice system;

(ii) transitioning out of the foster care system; or

(iii) women or girls in underserved populations.

(B) Allocation of grant funds

Of amounts made available for grants under this paragraph, there shall be set aside—

(i) three percent for research, evaluation, and statistics;

(ii) 5 percent for training and technical assistance, including increasing capacity and expertise on security for and protection of service providers from intimidation or retaliation for their activities; and

(iii) one percent for management and administration.

(C) Limitation on Federal share

The Federal share of a grant made under this paragraph may not exceed 75 percent of the total project cost. In general, this project match requirement may be satisfied by contributions or expenditures committed to improve victim support services that promote victim recovery and reintegration into society, provided that these contributions and expenditures are consistent with applicable grant requirements and approved project scope.

(D) Priority

In selecting recipients of grants under this paragraph that are only available for law enforcement operations or task forces, the Attorney General may give priority to any applicant that files an attestation with the Attorney General stating that—

(i) the grant funds awarded under this paragraph—

(I) will be used to assist in the prevention of severe forms of trafficking in persons;

(II) will be used to strengthen efforts to investigate and prosecute those who knowingly benefit financially from participation in a venture that has engaged in any act of human trafficking;

(III) will be used to take affirmative measures to avoid arresting, charging, or prosecuting victims of human trafficking for any offense that is the direct result of their victimization; and

(IV) will not be used to require a victim of human trafficking to collaborate with law enforcement officers as a condition of access to any shelter or restorative services; and

(ii) the applicant will provide dedicated resources for anti-human trafficking law enforcement officers for a period that is longer than the duration of the grant received under this paragraph.

(c) Trafficking victim regulations

Not later than 180 days after October 28, 2000, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of State shall promulgate regulations for law enforcement personnel, immigration officials, and Department of State officials to implement the following:

(1) Protections while in custody

Victims of severe forms of trafficking, while in the custody of the Federal Government and to the extent practicable, shall—

(A) not be detained in facilities inappropriate to their status as crime victims;

(B) receive necessary medical care and other assistance; and

(C) be provided protection if a victim's safety is at risk or if there is danger of additional harm by recapture of the victim by a trafficker, including—

(i) taking measures to protect trafficked persons and their family members from intimidation and threats of reprisals and reprisals from traffickers and their associates; and

(ii) ensuring that the names and identifying information of trafficked persons and their family members are not disclosed to the public.

(2) Access to information

Victims of severe forms of trafficking shall have access to information about their rights and translation services. To the extent practicable, victims of severe forms of trafficking shall have access to information about federally funded or administered anti-trafficking programs that provide services to victims of severe forms of trafficking.

(3) Authority to permit continued presence in the United States

(A) Trafficking victims

(i) In general

If a Federal law enforcement official files an application stating that an alien is a victim of a severe form of trafficking and may be a potential witness to such trafficking, the Secretary of Homeland Security may permit the alien to remain in the United States to facilitate the investigation and prosecution of those responsible for such crime.

(ii) Safety

While investigating and prosecuting suspected traffickers, Federal law enforcement officials described in clause (i) shall endeavor to make reasonable efforts to protect the safety of trafficking victims, including taking measures to protect trafficked persons and their family members from intimidation, threats of reprisals, and reprisals from traffickers and their associates.

(iii) Continuation of presence

The Secretary shall permit an alien described in clause (i) who has filed a civil action under section 1595 of title 18 to remain in the United States until such action is concluded. If the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General, determines that the alien has failed to exercise due diligence in pursuing such action, the Secretary may revoke the order permitting the alien to remain in the United States.

(iv) Exception

Notwithstanding clause (iii), an alien described in such clause may be deported before the conclusion of the administrative and legal proceedings related to a complaint described in such clause if such alien is inadmissible under paragraph (2)(A)(i)(II), (2)(B), (2)(C), (2)(E), (2)(H), (2)(I), (3)(A)(i), (3)(A)(iii), (3)(B), or (3)(C) of section 1182(a) of title 8.

(B) Parole for relatives

Law enforcement officials may submit written requests to the Secretary of Homeland Security, in accordance with section 1229b(b)(6) of title 8, to permit the parole into the United States of certain relatives of an alien described in subparagraph (A)(i).

(C) State and local law enforcement

The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall—

(i) develop materials to assist State and local law enforcement officials in working with Federal law enforcement to obtain continued presence for victims of a severe form of trafficking in cases investigated or prosecuted at the State or local level; and

(ii) distribute the materials developed under clause (i) to State and local law enforcement officials.

(4) Training of Government personnel

(A) In general

Appropriate personnel of the Department of State, including members of the Service (as such term is defined in section 3903 of this title), the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Labor, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the Department of Justice shall be trained in identifying victims of severe forms of trafficking and providing for the protection of such victims, including juvenile victims. The Attorney General and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, shall provide training to State and local officials to improve the identification and protection of such victims in order to fulfill the purposes described in section 20708 2 of title 34.

(B) Training components

Training under this paragraph shall include—

(i) a distance learning course on trafficking-in-persons issues and the Department of State's obligations under this Act, which shall be designed for embassy reporting officers, regional bureaus' trafficking-in-persons coordinators, and their superiors;

(ii) specific trafficking-in-persons briefings for all ambassadors and deputy chiefs of mission before such individuals depart for their posts;

(iii) at least annual reminders to all personnel referred to in clauses (i) and (ii), including appropriate personnel from other Federal departments and agencies, at each diplomatic or consular post of the Department of State located outside the United States of—

(I) key problems, threats, methods, and warning signs of trafficking in persons specific to the country or jurisdiction in which each such post is located; and

(II) appropriate procedures to report information that any such personnel may acquire about possible cases of trafficking in persons; and

(iv) a discussion clarifying that an individual who knowingly solicits or patronizes a commercial sex act from a person who was a minor (consistent with section 1591(c) of title 18) or was subject to force, fraud, or coercion is guilty of an offense under chapter 77 of title 18 and is a party to a human trafficking offense.

(d) Construction

Nothing in subsection (c) shall be construed as creating any private cause of action against the United States or its officers or employees.

(e) Protection from removal for certain crime victims

(1)–(4) Omitted

(5) Statutory construction

Nothing in this section, or in the amendments made by this section, shall be construed as prohibiting the Secretary of Homeland Security from instituting removal proceedings under section 1229a of title 8 against an alien admitted as a nonimmigrant under section 1101(a)(15)(T)(i) of title 8, as added by subsection (e), for conduct committed after the alien's admission into the United States, or for conduct or a condition that was not disclosed to the Secretary of Homeland Security prior to the alien's admission as a nonimmigrant under such section 1101(a)(15)(T)(i) of title 8.

(f) 3 Assistance for United States citizens and lawful permanent residents

(1) In general

The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, shall establish a program to assist United States citizens and aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined in section 1101(a)(20) of title 8) who are victims of severe forms of trafficking. In determining the assistance that would be most beneficial for such victims, the Secretary and the Attorney General shall consult with nongovernmental organizations that provide services to victims of severe forms of trafficking in the United States.

(2) Use of existing programs

In addition to specialized services required for victims described in paragraph (1), the program established pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—

(A) facilitate communication and coordination between the providers of assistance to such victims;

(B) provide a means to identify such providers; and

(C) provide a means to make referrals to programs for which such victims are already eligible, including programs administered by the Department of Justice and the Department of Health and Human Services.

(3) Grants

(A) In general

The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Attorney General may award grants to States, Indian tribes, units of local government, and nonprofit, nongovernmental victim service organizations to develop, expand, and strengthen victim service programs authorized under this subsection.

(B) Maximum Federal share

The Federal share of a grant awarded under this paragraph may not exceed 75 percent of the total costs of the projects described in the application submitted by the grantee.

(f) 3 Omitted

(g) Annual reports

On or before October 31 of each year, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees setting forth, with respect to the preceding fiscal year, the number, if any, of otherwise eligible applicants who did not receive visas under section 1101(a)(15)(T) of title 8, as added by subsection (e), or who were unable to adjust their status under section 1255(l) of title 8, solely on account of the unavailability of visas due to a limitation imposed by section 1184(o)(2) or 1255(l)(4)(A) of title 8.

(Pub. L. 106–386, div. A, §107, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1474; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title VI, §682(a), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 108–193, §§4(a)(1)–(3), 6(a)(2), 8(b)(2), Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2877, 2880, 2887; Pub. L. 109–162, title VIII, §804, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3055; Pub. L. 109–164, title I, §102(a), Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3560; Pub. L. 109–164, title II, §213(c), formerly Pub. L. 115–393, title V, §501(c), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5276, renumbered §213(c) of Pub. L. 109–164 by Pub. L. 117–347, title I, §106(b)(3), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6205; Pub. L. 110–457, title I, §104, title II, §§205(a)(1), 212, 213(a)(1), (3), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5046, 5060, 5063, 5064, 5066; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §§1203(b), 1234, Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 139, 146; Pub. L. 114–22, title I, §102, title II, §§224, 231, title VI, §603, May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 230, 250, 259; Pub. L. 114–271, §1(a), (b), Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1398; Pub. L. 115–392, §18(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5258; Pub. L. 115–393, title III, §302, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5272; Pub. L. 115–425, title I, §103, Jan. 8, 2019, 132 Stat. 5475; Pub. L. 117–301, §2, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4382; Pub. L. 117–347, title I, §101(b), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6200; Pub. L. 118–42, div. C, title V, §545, Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 178.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of title 8, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), (B), was in the original "section 101(a)(15)(T)(ii)", and was translated as meaning section 101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, which is classified to section 1101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of title 8, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Section 101 of Pub. L. 106–386 does not contain a subsec. (a)(15)(T)(ii), and section 101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act describes certain nonimmigrant aliens.

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 104–193, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2105. Title IV of the Act is classified principally to chapter 14 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables.

Section 7102(8) of this title as in effect on October 28, 2000, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C)(i), means section 7102(8) of this title prior to the amendments made by Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §1212(b)(1)(A), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 143, and Pub. L. 115–427, §2(1), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5503. As amended, par. (8) of section 7102 of this title was redesignated as par. (11).

Section 20708 of title 34, referred to in subsec. (c)(4)(A), was in the original a reference to section 111 of the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–162. Section 111 of Pub. L. 109–162 was redesignated as section 208 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–164, and is classified to section 20708 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(4)(B)(i), is the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. 106–386, Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1464. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7101 of this title and Tables.

For the amendments made by this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(5), see Codification note below.

Codification

Section is comprised of section 107 of Pub. L. 106–386. Subsec. (e)(1)–(4) of section 107 of Pub. L. 106–386 amended sections 1101, 1182, and 1184 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, and second subsec. (f) of section 107 of Pub. L. 106–386 amended section 1255 of Title 8.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 118–42 substituted "total project cost. In general, this project match requirement may be satisfied by contributions or expenditures committed to improve victim support services that promote victim recovery and reintegration into society, provided that these contributions and expenditures are consistent with applicable grant requirements and approved project scope" for "total costs of the projects described in the application submitted".

2023—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 117–347, §101(b), inserted "in order to fulfill the purposes described in section 20708 of title 34" before period at end.

2022—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 117–301 substituted "The contact information of the national human trafficking hotline (including options to reach out to the hotline such as through phone, text, or TTY) shall be posted as follows:" and subcls. (I) to (III) for "The number of the national human trafficking hotline described in this clause shall be posted in a visible place in all Federal buildings."

2019—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–425 substituted "programs for victims of human trafficking, including programs that provide trauma-informed care or housing options to such victims who are—" and cls. (i) to (iii) for "programs for victims of trafficking, including programs that provide housing to victims of trafficking."

2018—Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 115–392 inserted at end "The number of the national human trafficking hotline described in this clause shall be posted in a visible place in all Federal buildings."

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 115–393, §302, added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 109–164, §213(c), formerly Pub. L. 115–393, §501(c), as renumbered by Pub. L. 117–347, §101(b), added cl. (iv).

2016—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–271, §1(b), amended directory language of Pub. L. 114–22, §603. See 2015 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 114–271, §1(a), struck out "of amounts made available for grants under paragraph (2)," before "the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall make grants".

2015—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–22, §603, as amended by Pub. L. 114–271, §1(b), designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and inserted heading and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (b)(1)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 114–22, §102, added subpar. (F), redesignated former subpars. (F) and (G) as (G) and (H), respectively, and, in subpar. (H), substituted "subparagraph (G)" for "subparagraph (F)".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–22, §224, inserted ", including programs that provide housing to victims of trafficking" before period at end.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–22, §231, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted heading, inserted ", including members of the Service (as such term is defined in section 3903 of this title)" after "Department of State", and added subpar. (B). Amendment was executed to this section, which is section 107 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding directory language purporting to amend section 105 of such Act, which is classified to section 7103 of this title and does not contain a subsec. (c)(4).

2013—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–4, §1203(b), inserted "and shall brief Congress annually on such efforts" before period at end.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 113–4, §1234, inserted "the Department of Labor, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission," before "and the Department of Justice" in first sentence, and ", in consultation with the Secretary of Labor," before "shall provide training" in second sentence.

2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–457, §104(1)(A), inserted ", and shall be carried out in a manner which takes into account the cross-border, regional, and transnational aspects of trafficking in persons" after "as identified by the Task Force" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 110–457, §104(1)(B), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–457, §104(2), inserted at end "In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary and the Administrator shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that cooperative efforts among foreign countries are undertaken on a regional basis."

Subsec. (b)(1)(E)(i)(I). Pub. L. 110–457, §212(a)(1), inserted "or is unable to cooperate with such a request due to physical or psychological trauma" before semicolon.

Subsec. (b)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 110–457, §212(a)(2), added subpars. (F) and (G).

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 110–457, §213(a)(3), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "two percent for training and technical assistance; and".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 110–457, §205(a)(1), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Federal law enforcement officials may permit an alien individual's continued presence in the United States, if after an assessment, it is determined that such individual is a victim of a severe form of trafficking and a potential witness to such trafficking, in order to effectuate prosecution of those responsible, and such officials in investigating and prosecuting traffickers shall protect the safety of trafficking victims, including taking measures to protect trafficked persons and their family members from intimidation, threats of reprisals, and reprisals from traffickers and their associates."

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 110–457, §212(b), inserted ", the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Health and Human Services," before "and the Department of Justice" and ", including juvenile victims. The Attorney General and the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall provide training to State and local officials to improve the identification and protection of such victims" before period at end.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–457, §213(a)(1), added subsec. (f) relating to assistance for United States citizens and lawful permanent residents.

2006—Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 109–162, §804(b)(1), (2), which directed amendment of cl. (i) by inserting "and the Secretary of Homeland Security" after "Attorney General" in introductory provisions and in subcl. (II)(bb) and the amendment of cl. (ii) by inserting "Secretary of Homeland Security" after "Attorney General", could not be executed because the words "Attorney General" did not appear subsequent to the amendment by Pub. L. 109–162, §804(a)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 109–162, §804(a)(1), substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Attorney General" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(1)(E)(iii)(IV). Pub. L. 109–162, §804(b)(3), added subcl. (IV).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–162, §804(a)(2), inserted ", the Secretary of Homeland Security" after "Attorney General" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–164 inserted at end "To the extent practicable, victims of severe forms of trafficking shall have access to information about federally funded or administered anti-trafficking programs that provide services to victims of severe forms of trafficking."

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 109–162, §804(a)(1), (c), made identical amendments, substituting "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Attorney General" in two places.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–162, §804(d), which directed the insertion of "or the Secretary of Homeland Security" after "Attorney General", could not be executed because the words "Attorney General" did not appear subsequent to the amendment by Pub. L. 109–162, §804(a)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 109–162, §804(a)(1) substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Attorney General".

2003—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–193, §4(a)(1), inserted before period at end ", and by facilitating contact between relevant foreign government agencies and such nongovernmental organizations to facilitate cooperation between the foreign governments and such organizations".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–193, §4(a)(2)(A), inserted ", or an alien classified as a nonimmigrant under section 1101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of title 8," after "in persons".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–193, §4(a)(2)(B), inserted "and aliens classified as a nonimmigrant under section 1101(a)(15)(T)(ii) of title 8," after "United States," and inserted sentence at end relating to nonentitlement programs funded by the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 108–193, §6(a)(2), struck out subpar. (D) which related to annual reports on the number of persons receiving benefits or services under paragraph (1).

Subsec. (b)(1)(E)(iv). Pub. L. 108–193, §4(a)(3), added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–193, §8(b)(2), substituted "1184(o)(2)" for "1184(n)(1)".

2002—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted "In addition, such programs and initiatives shall, to the maximum extent practicable, include the following:" at end of introductory provisions and added subpars. (A) to (E).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–271, §1(c), Dec. 14, 2016, 130 Stat. 1398, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect as if enacted as part of the Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015 (Public Law 114–22; 129 Stat. 227)."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–457, title II, §205(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5061, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section]—

"(A) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2008];

"(B) shall apply to pending requests for continued presence filed pursuant to section 107(c)(3) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act [of 2000] (22 U.S.C. 7105(c)(3)) and requests filed on or after such date; and

"(C) may not be applied to an alien who is not present in the United States."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 109–162, title I, §104(b), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 2979, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [see Tables for classification], or the amendments made by this Act, shall be construed to restrict the legal assistance provided to victims of trafficking and certain family members authorized under section 107(b)(1) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7105(b)(1))."

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Establishment of Pilot Program for Residential Rehabilitative Facilities for Victims of Trafficking

Pub. L. 109–164, title I, §102(b), Jan. 10, 2006, 119 Stat. 3561, as amended by Pub. L. 110–457, title III, §§302(1), 304(b), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5087; Pub. L. 113–4, title XII, §1252(1), Mar. 7, 2013, 127 Stat. 156, provided that:

"(1) Study.—

"(A) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 10, 2006], the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall carry out a study to identify best practices for the rehabilitation of victims of trafficking in group residential facilities in foreign countries.

"(B) Factors.—In carrying out the study under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall—

"(i) investigate factors relating to the rehabilitation of victims of trafficking in group residential facilities, such as the appropriate size of such facilities, services to be provided, length of stay, and cost; and

"(ii) give consideration to ensure the safety and security of victims of trafficking, provide alternative sources of income for such victims, assess and provide for the educational needs of such victims, including literacy, and assess the psychological needs of such victims and provide professional counseling, as appropriate.

"(2) Pilot program.—Upon completion of the study carried out pursuant to paragraph (1), the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall establish and carry out a pilot program to establish residential treatment facilities in foreign countries for victims of trafficking based upon the best practices identified in the study.

"(3) Purposes.—The purposes of the pilot program established pursuant to paragraph (2) are to—

"(A) provide benefits and services to victims of trafficking, including shelter, psychological counseling, and assistance in developing independent living skills;

"(B) assess the benefits of providing residential treatment facilities for victims of trafficking, as well as the most efficient and cost-effective means of providing such facilities; and

"(C) assess the need for and feasibility of establishing additional residential treatment facilities for victims of trafficking.

"(4) Selection of sites.—The Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall select 2 sites at which to operate the pilot program established pursuant to paragraph (2).

"(5) Form of assistance.—In order to carry out the responsibilities of this subsection, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall enter into contracts with, or make grants to, organizations with relevant expertise in the delivery of services to victims of trafficking.

"(6) Report.—Not later than one year after the date on which the first pilot program is established pursuant to paragraph (2), the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on the implementation of this subsection."

1 So in original. Probably should be "forms".

2 See References in Text note below.

3 So in original. Two subsecs. (f) have been enacted.
22 U.S.C. § 4413 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 54: PRIVATE ORGANIZATION ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY / Section 4413: Eligibility of the Endowment for grants
Eligibility of the Endowment for grants
Status: in_force

(a) Compliance with statutory requirements

Grants may be made to the Endowment under this subchapter only if the Endowment agrees to comply with the requirements specified in this section and elsewhere in this subchapter.

(b) Funding for private sector groups and covered programs only

(1) The Endowment may only provide funding for programs of private sector groups and may not carry out programs directly.

(2) The Endowment may provide funding only for programs which are consistent with the purposes set forth in section 4411(b) of this title.

(c) Compensation, etc., for officers and employees of Endowment

(1) Officers of the Endowment may not receive any salary or other compensation from any source, other than the Endowment, for services rendered during the period of their employment by the Endowment.

(2) If an individual who is an officer or employee of the United States Government serves as a member of the Board of Directors or as an officer or employee of the Endowment, that individual may not receive any compensation or travel expenses in connection with services performed for the Endowment.

(d) Prohibitions respecting financial matters

(1) The Endowment shall not issue any shares of stock or declare or pay any dividends.

(2) No part of the assets of the Endowment shall inure to the benefit of any member of the Board, any officer or employee of the Endowment, or any other individual, except as salary or reasonable compensation for services.

(e) Audit of accounts; reporting requirements

(1) The accounts of the Endowment shall be audited annually in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards by independent certified public accountants or independent licensed public accountants certified or licensed by a regulatory authority of a State or other political subdivision of the United States. The audits shall be conducted at the place or places where the accounts of the Endowment are normally kept. All books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Endowment and necessary to facilitate the audits shall be made available to the person or persons conducting the audits; and full facilities for verifying transactions with any assets held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians shall be afforded to such person or persons.

(2) The report of each such independent audit shall be included in the annual report required by subsection (h). The audit report shall set forth the scope of the audit and include such statements as are necessary to present fairly the Endowment's assets and liabilities, surplus or deficit, with an analysis of the changes therein during the year, supplemented in reasonable detail by a statement of the Endowment's income and expenses during the year, and a statement of the application of funds, together with the independent auditor's opinion of those statements.

(f) Audit of financial transactions; reporting requirements

(1) The financial transactions of the Endowment for each fiscal year may be audited by the Government Accountability Office in accordance with such principles and procedures and under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United States. Any such audit shall be conducted at the place or places where accounts of the Endowment are normally kept. The representatives of the Government Accountability Office shall have access to all books, accounts, records, reports, files, and all other papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by the Endowment pertaining to its financial transactions and necessary to facilitate the audit; and they shall be afforded full facilities for verifying transactions with any assets held by depositories, fiscal agents, and custodians. All such books, accounts, records, reports, files, papers, and property of the Endowment shall remain in the possession and custody of the Endowment.

(2) A report of each such audit shall be made by the Comptroller General to the Congress. The report to the Congress shall contain such comments and information as the Comptroller General may deem necessary to inform the Congress of the financial operations and condition of the Endowment, together with such recommendations with respect thereto as he may deem advisable. The report shall also show specifically any program, expenditure, or other financial transaction or undertaking observed in the course of the audit, which, in the opinion of the Comptroller General, has been carried on or made contrary to the requirements of this subchapter. A copy of each report shall be furnished to the President and to the Endowment at the time submitted to the Congress.

(g) Audits by United States Information Agency

The financial transactions of the Endowment for each fiscal year shall be audited by the United States Information Agency under the conditions set forth in subsection (f)(1).

(h) Recordkeeping requirements; audit and examination of books, etc.

(1) The Endowment shall ensure that each recipient of assistance provided through the Endowment under this subchapter keeps separate bank accounts or separate self-balancing ledger accounts with respect to such assistance and such records as may be reasonably necessary to fully disclose the amount and the disposition by such recipient of the proceeds of such assistance, the total cost of the project or undertaking in connection with which such assistance is given or used, and the amount and nature of that portion of the cost of the project or undertaking supplied by other sources, and such other records as will facilitate an effective audit.

(2) The Endowment shall ensure that it, or any of its duly authorized representatives, shall have access for the purpose of audit and examination to any books, documents, papers, and records of the recipient that are pertinent to assistance provided through the Endowment under this subchapter. The Comptroller General of the United States or any of his duly authorized representatives shall also have access thereto for such purpose.

(i) Annual report; contents; testimony respecting report

Not later than February 1 of each year, the Endowment shall submit an annual report for the preceding fiscal year to the President for transmittal to the Congress. The report shall include a comprehensive and detailed report of the Endowment's operations, activities, financial condition, and accomplishments under this subchapter and may include such recommendations as the Endowment deems appropriate. The Board members and officers of the Endowment shall be available to testify before appropriate committees of the Congress with respect to such report, the report of any audit made by the Comptroller General pursuant to subsection (f), or any other matter which any such committee may determine.

(j) Grantee; conflict of interest

After January 31, 1993, no member of the Board of the Endowment may be a member of the board of directors or an officer of any grantee of the National Endowment for Democracy which receives more than 5 percent of the funds of the Endowment for any fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 98–164, title V, §504, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 99–93, title II, §210(b), (d), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 100–204, title II, §211, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1376; Pub. L. 102–138, title II, §§211(d), 215, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 695, 697; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, §228, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in two places.

1994—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 103–236 substituted "bank accounts or separate self-balancing ledger accounts" for "accounts".

1991—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–138, §211(d), substituted "shall" for "may also" before "be audited".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–138, §215, added subsec. (j).

1987—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 100–204 inserted "separate accounts with respect to such assistance and" after "keeps".

1985—Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 99–93 added subsec. (g), redesignated existing subsecs. (g) and (h) as (h) and (i), respectively, and in subsec. (i) substituted "February 1" for "December 31".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2668 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2668: Requisitions for advances to pay lawful obligations
Requisitions for advances to pay lawful obligations
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization; accounting

Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law the Secretary of State is authorized in his discretion to issue under the limitations and restrictions hereinafter established requisitions for advances of funds to disbursing officers of the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department, under a "State account of advances" not to exceed the total amount of appropriations for the Department of State, the amounts so advanced to be used exclusively to pay upon proper vouchers obligations lawfully payable under the respective appropriations: Provided, That a separate "State account of advances" shall be established on the books of the Treasury Department relating to appropriations made to the Department of State for each fiscal year and that a "State account of advances" relating to the appropriations for one fiscal year shall not be used to pay vouchers pertaining to the appropriations of any other fiscal year. Expenditures from the amounts requisitioned under the "State account of advances" shall be charged to applicable appropriations on the books of the Treasury Department on the basis of transfer and counter warrants prepared in the State Department as of the close of each month and prior to audit, certification, or adjustment by the Government Accountability Office. The Government Accountability Office shall subsequently declare the sums finally due from the several appropriations upon audited vouchers according to law and shall certify the same to the Treasury Department which shall make the necessary adjustments between appropriations upon the basis of such audited settlements of the Government Accountability Office: Provided further, That such adjustments shall be reflected on the books of the Government in the month and fiscal year during which the audited settlements are certified to the Treasury.

(b) Removal of outstanding charges

A charge outstanding in the "State account of advances" shall be removed by crediting the account of advances and deducting the amount of the charge from an appropriation made available for advances to the Department of State when—

(1) relief has been granted or may be granted later to a disbursing official or agent of the Department operating under the account of advances and under a law having no provision for removing charges outstanding in the account of advances; or

(2) the charge has been—

(A) outstanding in the account of advances for 2 complete fiscal years; and

(B) certified by the Secretary of State to the Comptroller General as uncollectable.

(c) Financial liability of disbursing agent or official

Subsection (b) of this section does not affect the financial liability of a disbursing official or agent.

(Apr. 25, 1940, ch. 154, 54 Stat. 163; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, §1(a)(1), eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 97–258, §2(e), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1059; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 170 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" wherever appearing.

1982—Pub. L. 97–258 redesignated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

In subsec. (a), "Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department" substituted for "Division of Disbursement, Treasury Department" on authority of section 1(a)(1) of Reorg. Plan No. III of 1940, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which consolidated such division into the Fiscal Service of the Treasury Department. See section 306 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
22 U.S.C. § 1475 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter VII: ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE / Section 1475: Travel expenses
Travel expenses
Status: in_force

Appropriated funds made available for any fiscal year to the Secretary or any Government agency, to carry out the provisions of this chapter, for expenses in connection with travel of personnel outside the continental United States, including travel of dependents and transportation of personal effects, household goods, or automobiles of such personnel, shall be available for all such expenses in connection with travel or transportation which begins in that fiscal year pursuant to travel orders issued in that year, notwithstanding the fact that such travel or transportation may not be completed until the following fiscal year.

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title VIII, §805, as added Pub. L. 92–352, title II, §202, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 494.)
22 U.S.C. § 2601 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 36: MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE / Section 2601: Refugees and migration
Refugees and migration
Status: in_force

(a) United States membership in International Organization for Migration; contributions to Organization

(1) The President is authorized to continue membership for the United States in the International Organization for Migration in accordance with the constitution of such organization approved in Venice, Italy, on October 19, 1953, as amended in Geneva, Switzerland, on November 24, 1998, upon entry into force of such amendments.

(2) For the purpose of assisting in the movement of refugees and migrants, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President such amounts as may be necessary from time to time for payment by the United States of its contributions to the International Organization for Migration and all necessary salaries and expenses incidental to United States participation in such organization.

(b) Appropriations for assistance to refugees

There are authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary from time to time—

(1) for contributions to the activities of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for assistance to refugees under his mandate or persons on behalf of whom he is exercising his good offices, and for contributions to the International Organization for Migration, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and to other relevant international organizations; and

(2) for assistance to or on behalf of refugees who are outside the United States designated by the President (by class, group, or designation of their respective countries of origin or areas of residence) when the President determines that such assistance will contribute to the foreign policy interests of the United States.

(c) United States Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund; appropriations

(1) Whenever the President determines it to be important to the national interest he is authorized to furnish on such terms and conditions as he may determine assistance under this chapter for the purpose of meeting unexpected urgent refugee and migration needs.

(2) There is established a United States Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund to carry out the purposes of this section. There is authorized to be appropriated to the President from time to time such amounts as may be necessary for the fund to carry out the purposes of this section, except that no amount of funds may be appropriated which, when added to amounts previously appropriated but not yet obligated, would cause such amounts to exceed $100,000,000. Amounts appropriated hereunder shall remain available until expended.

(3) Whenever the President requests appropriations pursuant to this authorization he shall justify such requests to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as well as to the Committees on Appropriations.

(d) Information to Congressional committees

The President shall keep the appropriate committees of Congress currently informed of the use of funds and the exercise of functions authorized in this chapter.

(e) Continued availability of certain funds

Unexpended balances of funds made available under authority of the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, and of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], and allocated or transferred for the purposes of sections 405(a), 405(c), 405(d) and 451(c) 1 of the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended [22 U.S.C. 1925(a), (c), (d), 1951(c)], are authorized to be continued available for the purposes of this section and may be consolidated with appropriations authorized by this section.

(f) Restrictions on foreign assistance not applicable to migration and refugee assistance

The President may furnish assistance and make contributions under this chapter notwithstanding any provision of law which restricts assistance to foreign countries.

(Pub. L. 87–510, §2, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 88–634, title II, §201, Oct. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 1021; Pub. L. 94–141, title V, §501(a), Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 771; Pub. L. 96–212, title III, §312(b), Mar. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 116; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §111, Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 410; Pub. L. 103–236, title IV, §430(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, §242, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1374.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1), (d), and (f), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–510, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 121, known as the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962, which enacted this chapter, amended section 1404 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, repealed sections 1925(a), (c), (d), and 1951(c) of this title, enacted a provision set out as a note under this section, and amended a provision set out as a note under section 1182 of Title 8. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, referred to in subsec. (e), is act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, 68 Stat. 832, as amended by acts July 8, 1955, ch. 301, 69 Stat. 283; July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §§2–11, 70 Stat. 555; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–141, 71 Stat. 355; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, ch. 1, §§101–103, ch. II, §§201–205, ch. III, §301, ch. IV, §401, ch. V, §501, 72 Stat. 261; July 24, 1959, Pub. L. 86–108, §2, ch. 1, §101, ch. II, §§201–205(a)–(i), (k)–(n), ch. III, §301, ch. IV, §401(a)–(k), (m), 73 Stat. 246; May 14, 1960, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. I to V, 74 Stat. 134, which was principally classified to chapter 24 (§1750 et seq.) of this title and which was repealed by act July 18, 1956, ch. 627, §8(m), 70 Stat. 559, Pub. L. 85–141, §§2(e), 3, 4(b), 11(d), Aug. 14, 1957, 71 Stat. 356, Pub. L. 86–108, ch. II, §§205(j), ch. IV, 401(1), July 24, 1959, 73 Stat. 250, Pub. L. 86–472, ch. II, §§203(d), 204(k), May 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 138, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460, Pub. L. 94–329, title II, §212(b)(1), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 745, Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §228, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 963, except for sections 1754, 1783, 1796, 1853, 1928, and 1937 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1754 of this title and Tables.

Sections 405(a), 405(c), 405(d), and 451(c) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended, referred to in subsec. (e), were sections of act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, 68 Stat. 832, and were repealed by section 6 of Pub. L. 87–510.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–228 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "The President is authorized to continue membership for the United States in the International Organization for Migration in accordance with its constitution approved in Venice, Italy, on October 19, 1953, as amended in Geneva, Switzerland, on May 20, 1987. For the purpose of assisting in the movement of refugees and migrants and to enhance the economic progress of the developing countries by providing for a coordinated supply of selected manpower, there are authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary from time to time for the payment by the United States of its contributions to the Organization and all necessary salaries and expenses incident to United States participation in the Organization."

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–236, §430(a)(1)–(3), substituted "the International Organization for Migration" for "the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration", inserted ", as amended in Geneva, Switzerland, on May 20, 1987" before period at end of first sentence, and substituted "the Organization" for "the Committee" in two places.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–236, §430(a)(1), substituted "the International Organization for Migration" for "the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–236, §430(a)(4), substituted "$100,000,000" for "$50,000,000".

1985—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–93 added subsec. (f).

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–212, §312(b)(1), in par. (1) inserted provisions respecting contributions to the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration, etc., in par. (2) inserted provisions requiring refugees to be outside of the United States, and struck out requirement that the assistance contribute to the defense or security of the United States, and struck out pars. (3) to (6), which related to assistance when determined by the President to be in the interest of the United States, assistance to State and local agencies, assistance for transportation and resettlement, and assistance for employment and professional refresher training projects, respectively.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–212, §312(b)(2), inserted provisions increasing amount from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000.

1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–141 designated existing provision as par. (1), substituted provisions authorizing the President to furnish assistance on such terms and conditions as he determines, for provisions authorizing President to transfer not more than $10,000,000 in any fiscal year of the funds made available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for the purposes of this chapter, and added pars. (2) and (3).

1964—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 88–634 struck out last sentence "Funds appropriated for the purposes of this section shall remain available until expended."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–212 effective with respect to fiscal years beginning on and after Oct. 1, 1979, see section 313 of Pub. L. 96–212, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1522 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Short Title

Pub. L. 87–510, §1, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 121, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 1925 and 1951 of this title and section 1104 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, enacting provisions set out as a note under this section, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1182 of Title 8] may be cited as the 'Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962'."

United States Policy Regarding Involuntary Return of Refugees

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §251], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–431, provided that:

"(a) In General.—None of the funds made available by this Act [see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 2651 of this title] or by section 2(c) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601(c)) shall be available to effect the involuntary return by the United States of any person to a country in which the person has a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, except on grounds recognized as precluding protection as a refugee under the United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of July 28, 1951, and the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees of January 31, 1967, subject to the reservations contained in the United States Senate Resolution of Ratification.

"(b) Migration and Refugee Assistance.—None of the funds made available by this Act or by section 2(c) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (22 U.S.C. 2601(c)) shall be available to effect the involuntary return of any person to any country unless the Secretary of State first notifies the appropriate congressional committees [Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate], except that in the case of an emergency involving a threat to human life the Secretary of State shall notify the appropriate congressional committees as soon as practicable.

"(c) Involuntary Return Defined.—As used in this section, the term 'to effect the involuntary return' means to require, by means of physical force or circumstances amounting to a threat thereof, a person to return to a country against the person's will, regardless of whether the person is physically present in the United States and regardless of whether the United States acts directly or through an agent."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior act:

Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXII, §2241, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–821.

United States Policy Concerning Overseas Assistance to Refugees and Displaced Persons

Pub. L. 103–236, title V, §501, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 460, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5586, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3374, provided that:

"(a) Standards for Refugee Women and Children.—The United States Government, in providing for overseas assistance and protection of refugees and displaced persons, shall seek to address the protection and provision of basic needs of refugee women and children who represent 80 percent of the world's refugee population. As called for in the 1991 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 'Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women', whether directly, or through international organizations and nongovernmental voluntary organizations, the Secretary of State shall seek to ensure—

"(1) specific attention on the part of the United Nations and relief organizations to recruit and employ female protection officers;

"(2) implementation of gender awareness training for field staff including, but not limited to, security personnel;

"(3) the protection of refugee women and children from violence and other abuses on the part of governments or insurgent groups;

"(4) full involvement of women refugees in the planning and implementation of (A) the delivery of services and assistance, and (B) the repatriation process;

"(5) incorporation of maternal and child health needs into refugee health services and education, specifically to include education on and access to services in reproductive health and birth spacing;

"(6) the provision of safe and secure access to sanitation facilities, with a special emphasis on women and children;

"(7) the availability of counseling and other services, grievance processes, and protective services to victims of violence and abuse, including but not limited to rape and domestic violence;

"(8) the provision of educational programs, particularly literacy and numeracy, vocational and income-generation skills training, and other training efforts promoting self-sufficiency for refugee women, with special emphasis on women heads of household;

"(9) education for all refugee children, ensuring equal access for girls, and special services and family tracing for unaccompanied refugee minors;

"(10) the collection of data that clearly enumerate age and gender so that appropriate health, education, and assistance programs can be planned;

"(11) the recruitment, hiring, and training of more women program professionals in the international humanitarian field; and

"(12) gender-awareness training for program staff of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and nongovernmental voluntary organizations on implementation of the 1991 UNHCR 'Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women'.

"(b) Procedures.—The Secretary of State should adopt specific procedures to ensure that all recipients of United States Government refugee and migration assistance funds implement the standards outlined in subsection (a).

"(c) Requirements for Refugee and Migration Assistance.—The Secretary of State, in providing migration and refugee assistance, should support the protection efforts set forth under this section by raising at the highest levels of government the issue of abuses against refugee women and children by governments or insurgent groups that engage in, permit, or condone—

"(1) a pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, such as torture or cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges, or other flagrant denial to life, liberty, and the security of person;

"(2) the blockage of humanitarian relief assistance;

"(3) gender-specific persecution such as systematic individual or mass rape, forced pregnancy, forced abortion, enforced prostitution, any form of indecent assault or act of violence against refugee women, girls, and children; or

"(4) continuing violations of the integrity of the person against refugee women and children on the part of armed insurgents, local security forces, or camp guards.

"(d) Investigation of Reports.—Upon receipt of credible reports of abuses under subsection (c), the Secretary of State should immediately investigate such reports through emergency fact-finding missions or other means of investigating such reports and help identify appropriate remedial measures.

"(e) Multilateral Implementation of the 1991 UNHCR 'Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women'.—The Secretary of State should work to ensure that multilateral organizations fully incorporate the needs of refugee women and children into all elements of refugee assistance programs and work to encourage other governments that provide refugee assistance to adopt refugee assistance policies designed to encourage full implementation of the 1991 UNHCR's 'Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women'."

United States Membership in Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration

Pub. L. 100–204, title VII, §745, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1396, authorized President to continue United States membership in Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration and, upon entry into force of amendments to constitution of such body approved May 20, 1987, to continue membership under the name International Organization for Migration in accordance with such constitution and amendments, and authorized appropriation of necessary amounts for payment of United States contributions to such body and salaries and expenses incidental to United States participation in such body, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–236, title IV, §430(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 459.

Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance

Pub. L. 94–23, May 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 87, as amended by Pub. L. 94–313, June 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 691; Pub. L. 95–145, title II, §§201, 202, Oct. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1224, 1225; Pub. L. 95–549, title II, §201, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2066; Pub. L. 96–110, §3(a), Nov. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 844, which set forth provisions respecting appropriations, etc., for migration and refugee assistance for aliens who fled from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–212, title III, §312(c), Mar. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 117.

Availability of Funds for Continuation of Activities

Pub. L. 87–510, §7, June 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 124, provided that: "Until the enactment of legislation appropriating funds for activities under this Act [see Short Title note above], such activities may be conducted with funds made available under section 451(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended [section 2261(a) of this title]."

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 12244

Ex. Ord. No. 12244, Oct. 3, 1980, 45 F.R. 66443, which provided exemptions from certain statutory requirements for temporary housing for Haitian and Cuban refugees at Fort Allen in Puerto Rico for the period beginning Oct. 2, 1980, and ending Oct. 1, 1981, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

Executive Order No. 12327

Ex. Ord. No. 12327, Oct. 1, 1981, 46 F.R. 48893, which provided for temporary housing of Haitian refugees at Fort Allen in Puerto Rico and exempted Fort Allen from certain statutory requirements, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

Delegation of Authority

Determination of President of the United States, No. 02–25, July 9, 2002, 67 F.R. 47437, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby delegate the functions and authorities conferred upon the President by sections 2(d) and 2(f) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (MRAA) of 1962, as amended, 22 U.S.C. §2601, insofar as they relate to actions taken under the authority of section 2(b)(2) of the MRAA, to the Secretary of State, who should insure timely performance of any duties and obligations of the delegated authority and who is authorized to redelegate these functions and authorities consistent with applicable law. The Secretary of State, or his or her delegate, is directed to provide notice to the President of any use of the functions and authorities delegated by this determination.

This delegation of authority supplements Presidential Determination No. 99–6, Delegation of Authority Under Section 2(b)(2) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962, as amended (November 30, 1998) [set out below].

Any reference in this memorandum to section 2 of the MRAA, as amended, shall be deemed to include references to any hereafter-enacted provision of law that is the same or substantially the same as such provision.

You are authorized and directed to publish this Determination in the Federal Register.

George W. Bush.      

Determination of President of the United States, No. 99–6, Nov. 30, 1998, 34 Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 2398, Dec. 7, 1998, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby delegate the functions and authorities conferred upon the President by section 2(b)(2) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act (MRAA) of 1962, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2601(b)(2), to the Secretary of State, who is authorized to redelegate these functions and authorities consistent with applicable law. The Secretary of State, or his or her delegate, is directed to provide notice to the President of any use of the functions and authorities delegated by this determination.

Any reference in this memorandum to section 2(b)(2) of the MRAA, as amended, shall be deemed to include references to any hereafter-enacted provision of law that is the same or substantially the same as such provision.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.      

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 4056 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4056: Creditable service
Creditable service
Status: in_force

(a) Applicability of civil service provisions

(1) 1 Except as otherwise specified by law, all periods of civilian and military and naval service, and all other periods through the date of final separation of a participant from the Service that the Secretary of State determines would be creditable toward retirement under the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System (as determined in accordance with section 8332 of title 5), shall be creditable for purposes of this part. Conversely, any such service performed after December 31, 1976, that would not be creditable under specified conditions under section 8332 of title 5, shall be excluded under this part under the same conditions.

(2) The service of an individual who first becomes a participant on or after October 17, 1983, without any credit under this section for civilian service performed prior to October 1, 1982, shall include credit for:

(A) each period of military or naval service performed before January 1, 1957, and

(B) each period of military or naval service performed after December 31, 1956, and before the separation on which the entitlement to annuity under this part is based, only if a deposit (with interest if any is required) is made with respect to that period, as provided in section 4045(e) of this title.

(3) The service of an individual who first became a participant on or after October 17, 1983, with credit under this section for civilian service performed prior to October 1982, shall include credit for each period of military or naval service performed before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to an annuity under this part is based, subject, in the case of military or naval service performed after December 1956, to subsection (j).

(4) The service of an individual who first became a participant before October 17, 1983, shall include credit for each period of military or naval service performed before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to an annuity under this part is based, subject, in the case of military or naval service performed after December 1976, to subsection (j).

(b) Unused sick leave credit

In computing any annuity under this part, the total service of a participant who retires on an immediate annuity or who dies leaving a survivor or survivors entitled to annuity includes (without regard to the 35-year limitation imposed by section 4046(a) of this title) the days of unused sick leave to the credit of the participant, except that these days shall not be counted in determining average basic salary or annuity eligibility under this part. A contribution to the Fund shall not be required from a participant for this service credit.

(c) Service with other Government agency when on approved leave without pay; arrangement for payment of retirement deductions and agency contributions; special contribution

(1) A participant who enters on approved leave without pay to serve as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of Government employees may, within 60 days after entering on that leave without pay, file with the employing agency an election to receive full retirement credit for such periods of leave without pay and arrange to pay concurrently into the Fund through the employing agency, amounts equal to the retirement deductions and agency contributions on the Foreign Service salary rate that would be applicable if the participant were in a pay status. If the election and all payments provided by this subsection are not made for the periods of such leave without pay occurring after November 7, 1976, the participant may not receive any credit for such periods of leave without pay occurring after such date.

(2) A participant may make a special contribution for any period or periods of approved leave without pay while serving before November 7, 1976, as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of Government employees. Any such contribution shall be based upon the suspended Foreign Service salary rate and shall be computed in accordance with section 4045 of this title. A participant who makes such contributions shall be allowed full retirement credit for the period or periods of leave without pay. If this contribution is not made, up to 6 months' retirement credit shall be allowed for such periods of leave without pay each calendar year.

(d) Special contribution in repayment of refund of retirement contributions

1 A participant who has received a refund of retirement contributions (which has not been repaid) under this or any other retirement system for Government employees covering service which may be creditable may make a special contribution for such service under section 4045 of this title. Credit may not be allowed for service covered by the refund unless the special contribution is made.

(e) Civilian service under other Government retirement system

No credit in annuity computation shall be allowed for any period of civilian service for which a participant made retirement contributions to another retirement system for Government employees unless—

(1) the right to any annuity under the other system which is based on such service is waived, and

(2) a special contribution is made under section 4045 of this title covering such service.

(f) Service in military during period of war or national emergency

A participant who during a period of war, or national emergency proclaimed by the President or declared by the Congress, leaves the Service to enter the military service is deemed, for the purpose of this part, as not separated from the Service unless the participant applies for and receives a lump-sum payment under section 4055 of this title. However, the participant is deemed to be separated from the Service after the expiration of 5 years of such military service.

(g) Recomputation of annuity for participants of Japanese ancestry interned during World War II

(1) An annuity or survivor annuity based on the service of a participant of Japanese ancestry who would be eligible under section 8332(l) of title 5, for credit for civilian service for periods of internment during World War II shall, upon application to the Secretary of State, be recomputed to give credit for that service. Any such recomputation of an annuity shall apply with respect to months beginning more than 30 days after the date on which application for such recomputation is received by the Secretary of State.

(2) The Secretary of State shall take such action as may be necessary and appropriate to inform individuals entitled to have any service credited or annuity recomputed under this subsection of their entitlement to such credit or recomputation.

(3) The Secretary of State shall, on request, assist any individual referred to in paragraph (1) in obtaining from any agency or other Government establishment information necessary to verify the entitlement of the individual to have any service credited or any annuity recomputed under this subsection.

(4) Any agency or other Government establishment shall, upon request, furnish to the Secretary of State any information it possesses with respect to the internment or other detention, as described in section 8332(l) of title 5, of any participant.

(h) Service as employees of Member or office of Congress while on approved leave without pay

A participant who, while on approved leave without pay, serves as a full-time paid employee of a Member or office of the Congress shall continue to make contributions to the Fund based upon the Foreign Service salary rate that would be in effect if the participant were in a pay status. The participant's employing office in the Congress shall make a matching contribution (from the appropriation or fund which is used for payment of the salary of the participant) to the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund. All periods of service for which full contributions to the Fund are made under this subsection shall be counted as creditable service for purposes of this part and shall not, unless all retirement credit is transferred, be counted as creditable service under any other Government retirement system.

(i) Former spouses

(1) Service of a participant shall be considered creditable service for purposes of applying provisions of this part relating to former spouses if such service would be creditable—

(A) under subsection (c)(1) or (2) but for the fact an election was not made under subsection (c)(1) or a special contribution was not made under subsection (c)(2), and

(B) under subsection (d) but for the fact that a refund of contributions has not been repaid unless the former spouse received under this part a portion of the lump sum (or a spousal agreement or court order provided otherwise).

(2) A former spouse shall not be considered as married to a participant for periods assumed to be creditable service under section 4048(a) of this title or section 4049(e) of this title.

(j) Redetermination of credit for military and naval service

(1) Except as otherwise provided by statute or Executive Order, section 8332(j) of title 5, relating to redetermination of credit for military and naval service, shall be applied to annuities payable under this part. The Secretary of State shall redetermine service, and may request and obtain information from the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as the Office of Personnel Management is directed or authorized to do in section 8332(j).

(2) Section 8332(j) of title 5 shall not apply with respect to:

(A) the service of any individual who first became a participant on or after October 17, 1983, without any credit under this section for civilian service performed prior to October 1982; or

(B) any military or naval service performed prior to 1957 by an individual who first became a participant on or after October 17, 1983, with credit under this section for civilian service performed prior to October 1982, or any period of military or naval service performed after 1956 with respect to which the participant has made a contribution (with interest if any is required) under section 4045(e) of this title; or

(C) any military or naval service performed prior to 1977 by any individual who first became a participant before October 17, 1983, or any period of military or naval service performed after 1976 with respect to which the participant has made a contribution (with interest if any is required) under section 4045(e) of this title.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §816, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2118; Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §4(b), (c), Oct. 17, 1983, 48 F.R. 48444, 48445; Pub. L. 99–335, title IV, §402(a)(2), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §145(a), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 36.)

Amendment of Section

Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §5, Oct. 17, 1983, 48 F.R. 48445, set out as a note under section 4067 of this title, provided that:

"(a) Section 816(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 4056(a)) is deemed to be further amended so that the provisions of section 8332(j) of Title 5 of the United States Code, relating to credit for military service, shall not apply with respect to any individual who is entitled to an annuity under such Act [this chapter] on or before the date of approval of this Order [Oct. 17, 1983], or who is entitled to an annuity based on a separation from service occurring on or before such date.

"(b) Subject to subsection (c), in any case in which an individual described in subsection (a) is also entitled to old-age or survivors insurance benefits under section 202 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 402] (or would be entitled to such benefits upon filing application therefor), the amount of the annuity to which such individual is entitled under chapter 8 of the Act [this subchapter] (after taking into account subsection (a)) which is payable for any month shall be reduced by an amount determined by multiplying the amount of such old-age or survivors insurance benefit for the determination month by a fraction—

"(1) the numerator of which is the total of the wages (within the meaning of section 209 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 409]) for service referred to in section 210(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 410] (relating to service in the uniformed services) and deemed additional wages (within the meaning of section 229 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 429]) of such individual credited for years after 1956 and before the calendar year in which the determination month occurs, up to the contribution and benefit base determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 430] (or other applicable maximum annual amount referred to in section 215(e)(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 415(e)(1)]) for each such year, and

"(2) the denominator of which is the total of all wages deemed additional wages described in paragraph (1) of this subsection plus all other wages (within the meaning of section 209 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 409]) and all self-employment income (within the meaning of section 211(b) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 411(b)]) of such individual credited for years after 1936 and before the calendar year in which the determination month occurs, up to the contribution and benefit base (or such other amount referred to in such section 215(e)(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 415(e)(1)]) for each such year.

"(c) Subsection (b) shall not reduce the annuity of any individual below the amount of the annuity which would be payable under chapter 8 of the Act [this subchapter] to the individual for the determination month if section 8332(j) of Title 5 of the United States Code applied to the individual for such month.

"(d) For purposes of this section, the term 'determination month' means—

"(1) the first month the individual described in subsection (a) is entitled to old-age or survivors insurance benefits under section 202 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 402] (or would be entitled to such benefits upon filing application therefor); or

"(2) the first day of the month following the month in which this Order is issued [Oct. 1983] in the case of any individual so entitled to such benefits for such month.

"(e) The preceding provisions of this section shall take effect with respect to any annuity payment payable under chapter 8 of the Act [this subchapter] for calendar months beginning after the date of this Order [Oct. 17, 1983].

"(f) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall furnish such information to the Secretary of State as may be necessary to carry out the preceding provisions of this section."

Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §1(b), (c), provided that subsection (d) of this section, applicable (i) to contributions for civilian service performed on or after the first day of Nov. 1983, (ii) to contributions for prior refunds to participants for which application is received by the employing agency on and after such first day of Nov. 1983, and (iii) to excess contributions under section 4055(h) of this title and voluntary contributions under section 4065(a) of this title from the first day of Nov. 1983, is deemed to be amended to exclude from the computation of creditable civilian service under subsec. (a) of this section any period of civilian service for which retirement deductions or contributions have not been made under section 4045(d) of this title unless—

(1) the participant makes a contribution for such period as provided in such section 4045(d) of this title; or

(2) no contribution is required for such service as provided under section 4045(f) of this title as deemed to be amended by this Order, or under any other statute.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 101–246 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "A former spouse shall not be considered as married to a participant—

"(A) for periods assumed to be creditable service under section 4048(a) of this title or section 4049(e) of this title, or

"(B) for any extra period of creditable service provided under section 4057 of this title for service of a participant at an unhealthful post unless the former spouse resided with the participant at that post during that period."

1986—Subsecs. (a), (b), (f), (h), (i)(1), (j)(1). Pub. L. 99–335 substituted "part" for "subchapter" wherever appearing.

1983—Subsec. (a). Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §4(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added pars. (2) to (4).

Subsec. (j). Ex. Ord. No. 12446, §4(c), added subsec. (j).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 12446 effective Oct. 17, 1983, see section 4(e) of Ex. Ord. No. 12446, set out under section 4067 of this title.

1 See Amendment of Section note below.
22 U.S.C. § 455 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 9: FOREIGN WARS, WAR MATERIALS, AND NEUTRALITY / Subchapter II: NEUTRALITY / Section 455: General penalty provision
General penalty provision
Status: in_force

In every case of the violation of any of the provisions of this subchapter or of any rule or regulation issued pursuant thereto where a specific penalty is not provided in this subchapter, such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

(Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, §15, 54 Stat. 11.)
22 U.S.C. § 4103 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter X: LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS / Section 4103: Application
Application
Status: in_force

(a) Departments and agencies affected

This subchapter applies only with respect to the Department of State, the Broadcasting Board of Governors, the Agency for International Development, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Commerce.

(b) Exclusion of subdivisions

The President may by Executive order exclude any subdivision of the Department from coverage under this subchapter if the President determines that—

(1) the subdivision has as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work, and

(2) the provisions of this subchapter cannot be applied to that subdivision in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations.

(c) Suspension of provisions

The President may by Executive order suspend any provision of this subchapter with respect to any post, bureau, office, or activity of the Department, if the President determines in writing that the suspension is necessary in the interest of national security because of an emergency.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1003, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2130; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(k)(3), title XIV, §1422(b)(4)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–789, 2681–793.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §1422(b)(4)(C), substituted "Agency for International Development" for "United States International Development Cooperation Agency".

Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(k)(3), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors" for "United States Information Agency".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

"United States Information Agency" substituted for "International Communication Agency" in subsec. (a), pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97–241, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by section 1335(k)(3) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

Amendment by section 1422(b)(4)(C) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1401 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6561 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2509 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2509: Presidential powers and authorities
Presidential powers and authorities
Status: in_force

(a) Contract authority; assignment of volunteers; acceptance of voluntary services and gifts and transfers of property; personal service contracts

In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the President may—

(1) enter into, perform, and modify contracts and agreements and otherwise cooperate with any agency of the United States Government or of any State or any subdivision thereof, other governments and departments and agencies thereof, and educational institutions, voluntary agencies, farm organizations, labor unions, and other organizations, individuals and firms;

(2) assign volunteers in special cases to temporary duty with international organizations and agencies when the Secretary of State determines that such assignment would serve the purposes of this chapter;

(3) assign volunteers to duty or otherwise make them available to any entity referred to in paragraph (1), in order to assist such organizations and agencies in providing development or other relief assistance to displaced persons and refugees in any country, if the government of the country agrees to such assignment;

(4) accept in the name of the Peace Corps and employ or transfer in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter (A) voluntary services notwithstanding the provisions of section 1342 of title 31, and (B) any money or property (real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible) received by gift, devise, bequest, or otherwise; and

(5) contract with individuals for personal services abroad, and with aliens (abroad or within the United States) for personal services within the United States: Provided, That no such person shall be deemed an officer or employee or otherwise in the service or employment of the United States Government for the purposes of any law administered by the Office of Personnel Management (except that the President may determine the applicability to such individuals of provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.)).

(b) Claim settlements

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President determines that it will further the purposes of this chapter, the President, under such regulations as he may prescribe, may settle and pay, in an amount not exceeding $20,000, any claim against the United States, for loss of or damage to real or personal property (including loss of occupancy or use thereof) belonging to, or for personal injury or death of, any person not a citizen or resident of the United States, where such claim arises abroad out of the act or omission of any Peace Corps employee or out of the act or omission of any volunteer, but only if such claim is presented in writing within one year after it accrues. Any amount paid in settlement of any claim under this subsection shall be accepted by the claimant in full satisfaction thereof and shall bar any further action or proceeding thereon.

(c) Five-year contract authority

Subject to any future action of the Congress, a contract or agreement which entails commitments for the expenditure of funds available for the purposes of this chapter, including commitments for the purpose of paying or providing for allowances and other benefits of volunteers authorized by sections 2504 and 2505 of this title, may extend at any time for not more than five years.

(d) Waiver of certain Federal laws

Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, functions authorized by this chapter may be performed without regard to such provisions of law (other than sections 3101(a) and (c), 3104, 3106, 3301(b)(2), and 6101 of title 41, and the Renegotiation Act of 1951, as amended) regulating the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts and the expenditure of Government funds as the President may specify.

(e) Allocation of funds

The President may allocate or transfer to any agency of the United States Government any funds available for carrying out the purposes of this chapter including any advance received by the United States from any country or international organization under authority of this chapter, but not to exceed 20 per centum in the aggregate of such funds may be allocated or transferred to agencies other than the Peace Corps. Such funds shall be available for obligation and expenditure for the purposes of this chapter in accordance with authority granted in this chapter or under authority governing the activities of the agencies of the United States Government to which such funds are allocated or transferred.

(f) Utilization of other Government agency services and facilities

Any officer of the United States Government carrying out functions under this chapter may utilize the services and facilities of, or procure commodities from, any agency of the United States Government as the President shall direct, or with the consent of the head of such agency, and funds allocated pursuant to this subsection to any such agency may be established in separate appropriation accounts on the books of the Treasury.

(g) Reimbursement for commodities, services, and facilities

In the case of any commodity, service, or facility procured from any agency of the United States Government under this chapter, reimbursement or payment shall be made to such agency from funds available under this chapter. Such reimbursement or payment shall be at replacement cost, or, if required by law, at actual cost, or at any other price authorized by law and agreed to by the owning or disposing agency. The amount of any such reimbursement or payment shall be credited to current applicable appropriations, funds, or accounts from which there may be procured replacements of similar commodities, services, or facilities, except that where such appropriations, funds, or accounts are not reimbursable except by reason of this subsection, and when the owning or disposing agency determines that such replacement is not necessary, any funds received in payment therefor shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(h) Hospitalization and medical treatment for Foreign Service local employees

The President may provide hospitalization and medical treatment to Foreign Service local employees who are within the United States for training related to their employment under this chapter, for illnesses, injuries, or conditions other than those arising out of and in the course of employment, which, in the judgment of the President, began during such employee's travel related to such training or so near to the beginning of such travel that the onset of the illness, injury, or condition could not have been known, and for which immediate medical treatment or hospitalization is reasonably required.

(i) Procurement of legal services

The Director of the Peace Corps shall have the same authority as is available to the Secretary of State under section 2698(a) of this title. For purposes of this subsection, the reference in such section 2698(a) of this title to a principal officer of the Foreign Service shall be deemed to be a reference to a Peace Corps representative and the reference in such section to a member of the Foreign Service shall be deemed to be a reference to a person employed, appointed, or assigned under this chapter.

(j) Malpractice protection

The provisions of section 2702 of this title shall apply to volunteers and persons employed, appointed, or assigned under this chapter, and to individuals employed under personal services contracts to furnish medical services abroad pursuant to subsection (a)(5) of this section..1 For purposes of this subsection, references to the Secretary in subsection (b) of such section shall be deemed to be references to the Director of the Peace Corps, references to the Secretary in subsection (f) of such section shall be deemed to be references to the President, and the reference in subsection (g) of such section to a principal representative of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to a Peace Corps representative.

(k) Opening or closing overseas offices and country programs

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Director of the Peace Corps may not open, close, significantly reduce, or suspend a domestic or overseas office or country program unless the Director has notified and consulted with the appropriate congressional committees at least 15 days in advance.

(2) The Director of the Peace Corps may waive the application of paragraph (1) for a period of not more than 5 days after an action described in such paragraph if the Director determines such action is necessary to ameliorate a substantial security risk to Peace Corps volunteers or other Peace Corps personnel.

(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §10, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 88–200, §5, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 360; Pub. L. 89–134, §6, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 551; Pub. L. 89–572, §6, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 93–49, §2, June 25, 1973, 87 Stat. 99; Pub. L. 95–331, §5(a), (c), Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414, 415; Pub. L. 97–113, title VI, §604(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543; Pub. L. 103–236, title VI, §602, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 491; Pub. L. 106–30, §2(b)(4), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 112–57, §5(2), Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 744; Pub. L. 115–256, title II, §203, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3655.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables.

The Renegotiation Act of 1951, as amended, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Mar. 23, 1951, ch. 15, 65 Stat. 7, which was classified principally to section 1211 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to its omission from the Code.

Codification

In subsec. (d), "sections 3101(a) and (c), 3104, 3106, 3301(b)(2), and 6101 of title 41" substituted for "section 3709 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended, section 302 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949," on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 115–256 added subsec. (k).

2011—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 112–57 substituted "the purposes of any law administered by the Office of Personnel Management (except that the President may determine the applicability to such individuals of provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.))" for "any purpose".

1999—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–30 substituted "section 1342 of title 31" for "31 U.S.C. 665(b)".

1994—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–236, §602(a), which directed amendment of subsec. (c) by substituting "five years" for "thirty six months", was executed by making the substitution for "thirty-six months" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 103–236, §602(b), inserted before period at end of first sentence ", and to individuals employed under personal services contracts to furnish medical services abroad pursuant to subsection (a)(5) of this section."

1981—Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 97–113 added subsecs. (i) and (j).

1978—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–331, §5(a)(1), struck out proviso limiting to no more than 125 Peace Corps volunteers or volunteer leaders the number assignable to the described organizations.

Subsec. (a)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 95–331, §5(c), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–331, §5(a)(2), substituted "$20,000" for "$10,000".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–331, §5(a)(3), added subsec. (h).

1973—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–49 excepted from waiver of Federal laws the application of sections 5 and 252 of title 41.

1966—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 89–572 inserted "or transfer" after "and employ" and struck out ", and transfer such money or property to the government or other entities of the country or area with which the volunteers are serving, when such transfers would further the general purposes of the chapter".

1965—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 89–134 inserted "money or" after "and transfer such".

1963—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 88–200 inserted provision for transfer of property.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–331, §5(b), Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 415, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (2) of subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to claims made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 2, 1978]."

Prohibition Against Use of Funds Appropriated After February 15, 1981, and Before December 29, 1981, for Legal Services or Malpractice Protection

Pub. L. 97–113, title VI, §604(c), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543, provided: "To the extent that the authorities provided by the amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting subsecs. (i) and (j) of this section] are authorities which are not applicable with respect to the Peace Corps immediately before the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981] and which require the expenditure of funds, those authorities may not be exercised using any funds appropriated after February 15, 1981, and before the date of the enactment of this Act."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions; Allocation of Funds

Funds available to President under this chapter allocated to and functions of President under this section, except subsec. (d) and those functions under subsec. (f) relating to directing agencies to provide services, facilities, and commodities to officers carrying out functions under this chapter, were delegated to Director of Peace Corps by sections 1–103 and 1–301(a), (d) of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29203, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.

Waiver of Certain Laws by President Under Subsec. (d)

For determination under subsec. (d) of this section that it is in the furtherance of the purposes of this chapter and that the functions under this chapter may be performed without regard to the applicable laws specified in section 1 and 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 11223, May 12, 1965, 30 F.R. 6635, set out as a note under section 2393 of this title, with certain limitations see section 1–402 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29203, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title.

1 So in original.
22 U.S.C. § 2182a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2182a: Agricultural and productive credit and self-help community development programs
Agricultural and productive credit and self-help community development programs
Status: in_force

(a) Financing pilot programs; scope

It is the sense of the Congress that in order to stimulate the participation of the private sector in the economic development of less-developed countries, the authority conferred by this section should be used to establish pilot programs to encourage private banks, credit institutions, similar private lending organizations, cooperatives, and private nonprofit development organizations to make loans on reasonable terms to organized groups and individuals residing in a community for the purpose of enabling such groups and individuals to carry out agricultural credit and self-help community development projects for which they are unable to obtain financial assistance on reasonable terms. Agricultural credit and assistance for self-help community development projects should include, but not be limited to, material and such projects as wells, pumps, farm machinery, improved seed, fertilizer, pesticides, vocational training, food industry development, nutrition projects, improved breeding stock for farm animals, sanitation facilities, and looms and other handicraft aids.

(b) Guaranties; percentage limitation

To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter is authorized to issue guaranties, on such terms and conditions as it shall determine, to private lending institutions, cooperatives, and private nonprofit development organizations assuring against loss of not to exceed 50 per centum of the portfolio of such loans made by any lender to organized groups or individuals residing in a community to enable such groups or individuals to carry out agricultural credit and self-help community development projects for which they are unable to obtain financial assistance on reasonable terms. In no event shall the liability of the United States exceed 75 per centum of any one loan.

(c) Total and individual amount of guaranties

The total face amount of guaranties issued under this section outstanding at any one time shall not exceed $20,000,000. Not more than 10 per centum of such sum shall be provided for any one institution, cooperative, or organization.

(d) Inter-American Foundation consultations

The Inter-American Foundation shall be consulted in developing criteria for making loans eligible for guaranty coverage in Latin America under this section.

(e) Guaranty reserve

Not to exceed $3,000,000 of the guaranty reserve established under section 2183(b) of this title shall be available to make such payments as may be necessary to discharge liabilities under guaranties issued under this section or any guaranties previously issued under section 2200 1 of this title.

(f) Administrative and operating expenses; funds

Funds held by the Overseas Private Investment Corporation pursuant to section 2196 1 of this title may be available for meeting necessary administrative and operating expenses for carrying out the provisions of this section through June 30, 1976.

(g) Transfer of Overseas Private Investment Corporation's obligations and assets

The Overseas Private Investment Corporation shall, upon enactment of this subsection, transfer to the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter all obligations, assets, and related rights and responsibilities arising out of, or related to the predecessor program provided for in section 2200 1 of this title.

(h) Termination of authority

The authority of this section shall continue through September 30, 1988.

(i) Excess foreign currencies; use

Notwithstanding the limitation in subsection (c) of this section, foreign currencies owned by the United States and determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be excess to the needs of the United States may be utilized to carry out the purposes of this section, including the discharge of liabilities under this subsection. The authority conferred by this subsection shall be in addition to authority conferred by any other provision of law to implement guaranty programs utilizing excess local currency.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §222A, as added Pub. L. 93–559, §8(a)(2), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1796; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title I, §117(b)(1), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §115(b), title V, §502(d)(1), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 951, 959; Pub. L. 96–53, title I, §112(b), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 364; Pub. L. 97–438, Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2286; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(1) [title V, §541(a)], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1903; Pub. L. 99–83, title III, §313(d), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 217; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §586(h)(3)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–120.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2200 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (e) and (g), was in the original a reference to section 240 of this Act, meaning section 240 of Pub. L. 87–195, as added by section 105 of Pub. L. 91–175, which was repealed by section 8(b) of Pub. L. 93–559, and was replaced by this section. Another section 240 of Pub. L. 87–195, as added by section 9 of Pub. L. 95–268, was enacted Apr. 24, 1978, and was classified to section 2200 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.

Section 2196 of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.

Codification

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §586(h)(3)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–120, directing repeal of subsec. (d) of this section did not become effective pursuant to section 1000(a)(2) [title V, §586] of div. B of Pub. L. 106–113, formerly set out as an Abolition of the Inter-American Foundation note under section 290f of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 is based on section 312 of H.R. 5119, Ninety-eighth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives May 10, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–473.

Amendments

1985—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–83 substituted "1988" for "1986".

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473 struck out "in Latin America," after "economic development of less-developed countries" and "in not more than six Latin American countries" after "establish pilot programs".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473 struck out "in not more than five Latin American countries" after "nonprofit development organizations".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–473 substituted "1986" for "1983".

1983—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–438 substituted "1983" for "1982".

1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–53, §112(b)(1), substituted "six" for "five".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–53, §112(b)(2), substituted "$20,000,000" for "$15,000,000".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–53, §112(b)(3), substituted "through September 30, 1982" for "until September 30, 1979".

1978—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–424, §115(b), substituted "September 30, 1979" for "September 30, 1978".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95–424, §502(d)(1), struck out subsec. (j) relating to a Presidential report to Congress on the results of the program established under this section.

1977—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–88 substituted "September 30, 1978" for "December 31, 1977".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and of non-Development Credit Authority guaranty programs of the United States Agency for International Development to the United States International Development Finance Corporation and treatment of related references, see sections 9683 and 9686(d) of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 2737 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2737: Department of State paid Student Internship Program
Department of State paid Student Internship Program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish the Department of State Student Internship Program (referred to in this section as the "Program") to offer internship opportunities at the Department to eligible students to raise awareness of the essential role of diplomacy in the conduct of United States foreign policy and the realization of United States foreign policy objectives.

(b) Eligibility

(1) In general

An applicant is eligible to participate in the Program if the applicant is enrolled at—

(A) an institution of higher education (as such term is defined in section 1002(a) of title 20); or

(B) an institution of higher education based outside the United States, as determined by the Secretary of State.

(2) Additional eligibility criteria

An applicant in the Program should be—

(A) enrolled at least half-time in an institution described in paragraph (1) or have graduated from such an institution within the six months preceding application to the Program; and

(B) eligible to receive and hold an appropriate security clearance.

(c) Selection

The Secretary shall establish selection criteria for students to be admitted into the Program that includes a demonstrated interest in a career in foreign affairs and gives preference as appropriate to individuals who have not previously completed internships within the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.

(d) Outreach

The Secretary shall—

(1) widely advertise the Program, including—

(A) on the internet;

(B) through the Department's Diplomats in Residence program; and

(C) through other outreach and recruiting initiatives targeting undergraduate and graduate students; and

(2) conduct targeted outreach to encourage participation in the Program from—

(A) individuals belonging to an underrepresented group; and

(B) students enrolled at minority-serving institutions (which shall include any institution listed in section 1067q(a) of title 20).

(e) Compensation

(1) Housing assistance

(A) Abroad

The Secretary shall provide housing assistance to any student participating in the Program whose permanent address is within the United States if the location of the internship in which such student is participating is outside of the United States.

(B) Domestic

The Secretary may provide housing assistance to a student participating in the Program whose permanent address is within the United States if the location of the internship in which such student is participating is more than 50 miles away from such student's permanent address.

(2) Travel assistance

The Secretary shall provide a student participating in the Program whose permanent address is within the United States with financial assistance that is sufficient to cover the travel costs of a single round trip by air, train, bus, or other appropriate transportation between the student's permanent address and the location of the internship in which such student is participating if such location is—

(A) more than 50 miles from the student's permanent address; or

(B) outside of the United States.

(f) Working with institutions of higher education

The Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall structure internships to ensure that such internships satisfy criteria for academic credit at the institutions of higher education in which participants in such internships are enrolled.

(g) Transition period

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), beginning not later than 2 years after December 23, 2022—

(A) the Secretary shall convert unpaid internship programs of the Department, including the Foreign Service Internship Program, to internship programs that offer compensation; and

(B) upon selection as a candidate for entry into an internship program of the Department, a participant in such internship program may refuse compensation, including if doing so allows such participant to receive college or university curricular credit.

(2) Exception

The transition required under paragraph (1) shall not apply to unpaid internship programs of the Department that are part of the Virtual Student Federal Service internship program.

(3) Waiver

(A) In general

The Secretary may waive the requirement under paragraph (1)(A) with respect to a particular unpaid internship program if the Secretary, not later than 30 days after making a determination that the conversion of such internship program to a compensated internship program would not be consistent with effective management goals, submits a report explaining such determination to—

(i) the appropriate congressional committees;

(ii) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(iii) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(B) Report

The report required under subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) describe the reasons why converting an unpaid internship program of the Department to an internship program that offers compensation would not be consistent with effective management goals; and

(ii)(I) provide justification for maintaining such unpaid status indefinitely; or

(II) identify any additional authorities or resources that would be necessary to convert such unpaid internship program to offer compensation in the future.

(h) Reports

Not later than 18 months after December 23, 2022, the Secretary shall submit a report to the committees referred to in subsection (g)(3)(A) that includes—

(1) data, to the extent the collection of such information is permissible by law, regarding the number of students who applied to the Program, were offered a position, and participated, respectively, disaggregated by race, ethnicity, sex, institution of higher education, home State, State where each student graduated from high school, and disability status;

(2) data regarding the number of security clearance investigations initiated for the students described in paragraph (1), including the timeline for such investigations, whether such investigations were completed, and when an interim security clearance was granted;

(3) information on Program expenditures;

(4) information regarding the Department's compliance with subsection (g); and

(5) the number of internship participants subsequently employed by the Department, if any, following their participation in the Program.

(i) Voluntary participation

(1) In general

Nothing in this section may be construed to compel any student who is a participant in an internship program of the Department to participate in the collection of the data or divulge any personal information. Such students shall be informed that their participation in the data collection under this section is voluntary.

(2) Privacy protection

Any data collected under this section shall be subject to the relevant privacy protection statutes and regulations applicable to Federal employees.

(j) Special hiring authority

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, with respect to the number of interns to be hired each year, may—

(1) select, appoint, and employ individuals for up to 1 year through compensated internships in the excepted service; and

(2) remove any compensated intern employed pursuant to paragraph (1) without regard to the provisions of law governing appointments in the excepted service.

(k) Work hours flexibility

Students participating in the Program may work fewer than 40 hours per week and a minimum of 24 hours per week to accommodate their academic schedules, provided that the total duration of the internship remains consistent with program requirements.

(l) Mentorship program

The Secretary and Administrator are authorized to establish a mentoring and coaching program that pairs Foreign Service or Civil Service employees with interns who choose to participate throughout the duration of their internship.

(Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCII, §9201, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3861; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXI, §7105(a), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2524.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 118–159, §7105(a)(1), inserted "or have graduated from such an institution within the six months preceding application to the Program" after "paragraph (1)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–159, §7105(a)(2), inserted "and gives preference as appropriate to individuals who have not previously completed internships within the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development" after "career in foreign affairs".

Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 118–159, §7105(a)(3), added subsecs. (k) and (l).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of "Secretary", "Department", "appropriate congressional committees", and "Administrator" as used in this section, see section 9002 of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.