22 U.S.C. § 2452c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 33: MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM / Section 2452c: Program to provide grants to American-sponsored schools in predominantly Muslim countries to provide scholarships
Program to provide grants to American-sponsored schools in predominantly Muslim countries to provide scholarships
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) During the 2003–2004 school year, the Office of Overseas Schools of the Department of State is financially assisting 189 elementary and secondary schools in foreign countries.

(2) United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools are located in more than 20 countries with predominantly Muslim populations in the Near East, Africa, South Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia.

(3) United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools provide an American-style education in English, with curricula that typically include an emphasis on the development of critical thinking and analytical skills.

(b) Statement of policy

The United States has an interest in increasing the level of financial support provided to United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools in countries with predominantly Muslim populations in order to—

(1) increase the number of students in such countries who attend such schools;

(2) increase the number of young people who may thereby gain at any early age an appreciation for the culture, society, and history of the United States; and

(3) increase the number of young people who may thereby improve their proficiency in the English language.

(c) Program

The Secretary of State, acting through the Director of the Office of Overseas Schools of the Department of State, may conduct a program to make grants to United States-sponsored elementary and secondary schools in countries with predominantly Muslim populations for the purpose of providing full or partial merit-based scholarships to students from lower-income and middle-income families of such countries to attend such schools.

(d) Determination of eligible students

For purposes of the program, a United States-sponsored elementary and secondary school that receives a grant under the program may establish criteria to be implemented by such school to determine what constitutes lower-income and middle-income families in the country (or region of the country, if regional variations in income levels in the country are significant) in which such school is located.

(e) Restriction on use of funds

Amounts appropriated to the Secretary of State pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in subsection (h) shall be used for the sole purpose of making grants under this section, and may not be used for the administration of the Office of Overseas Schools of the Department of State or for any other activity of the Office.

(f) Voluntary participation

Nothing in this section shall be construed to require participation in the program by a United States-sponsored elementary or secondary school in a predominantly Muslim country.

(g) Report

Not later than April 15, 2006, and April 15, 2008, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on the program. The report shall assess the success of the program, examine any obstacles encountered in its implementation, and address whether it should be continued, and if so, provide recommendations to increase its effectiveness.

(h) Funding

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State for each of the fiscal years 2007 and 2008, unless otherwise authorized by Congress, such sums as necessary to implement the program under this section.

(Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7113, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3797; Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, §2014(b)(1), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 512.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 2452 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, and also as part of the 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004, and not as part of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2007—Pub. L. 110–53, §2014(b)(1)(A), struck out "Pilot" before "Program" in section catchline.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–53, §2014(b)(1)(B), struck out "Pilot" before "Program" in heading and "pilot" before "program" in text.

Subsecs. (d), (f). Pub. L. 110–53, §2014(b)(1)(C), (D), struck out "pilot" before "program" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–53, §2014(b)(1)(E), inserted "and April 15, 2008," before "the Secretary" and struck out "pilot" before "program".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–53, §2014(b)(1)(F), substituted "2007 and 2008" for "2005 and 2006" and struck out "pilot" before "program".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Affairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007.

Findings

Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, §2014(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 512, provided that: "Congress finds the following:

"(1) Section 7113 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458; 22 U.S.C. 2452 note [now 22 U.S.C. 2452c]) authorized the establishment of a pilot program to provide grants to American-sponsored schools in predominantly Muslim countries so that such schools could provide scholarships to young people from lower-income and middle-income families in such countries to attend such schools, where they could improve their English and be exposed to a modern education.

"(2) Since the date of the enactment of that section [Dec. 17, 2004], the Middle East Partnership Initiative has pursued implementation of that program."
22 U.S.C. § 4132 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XI: GRIEVANCES / Section 4132: Grievances concerning former members or their survivors
Grievances concerning former members or their survivors
Status: in_force

Within the time limitations of section 4134 of this title, a former member of the Service or the surviving spouse (or, if none, another member of the family) of a deceased member or former member of the Service may file a grievance under this subchapter only with respect to allegations described in section 4131(a)(1)(G) of this title.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1102, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2143.)
22 U.S.C. § 896 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IV: PERSONNEL CATEGORIES AND SALARIES / Section 896: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §451, as added Oct. 7, 1978, Pub. L. 95–426, title IV, §402(a), 92 Stat. 978, related to special allowances to Foreign Service officers.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3983 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter V: CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS / Section 3983: Assignments to non-Service and other positions
Assignments to non-Service and other positions
Status: in_force

(a) Positions assignable

The Secretary may (with the concurrence of the agency, organization, or other body concerned) assign a member of the Service for duty—

(1) in a non-Foreign Service (including Senior Executive Service) position in the Department or another agency, or with an international organization, international commission, or other international body;

(2) with a domestic or international trade, labor, agricultural, scientific, or other conference, congress, or gathering;

(3) for special instruction, training, or orientation at or with a public or private organization; and

(4) in the United States (or in any territory or possession of the United States or in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico), with a State or local government, a public or private nonprofit organization (including an educational institution), or a Member or office of the Congress.

(b) Salary; travel and other expenses

(1) The salary of a member of the Service assigned under this section shall be the higher of the salary which that member would receive but for the assignment under this section or the salary of the position to which that member is assigned.

(2) The salary of a member of the Service assigned under this section shall be paid from appropriations made available for the payment of salaries and expenses of the Service. Such appropriations may be reimbursed for all or any part of the costs of salaries and other benefits for members assigned under this section.

(3) A member of the Service assigned under subsection (a)(4) to a Member or office of the Congress shall be deemed to be an employee of the House of Representatives or the Senate, as the case may be, for purposes of payment of travel and other expenses.

(c) Length of assignment

Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d)(5), assignments under this section may not exceed four years of continuous service for any member of the Service unless the Secretary approves an extension of such period for that member because of special circumstances.

(d) Assignment to the American Institute in Taiwan

(1) The Secretary may assign a member of the Service, or otherwise detail an employee of the Department, for duty at the American Institute in Taiwan, if the Secretary determines that to do so is in the national interest of the United States.

(2) The head of any other department or agency of the United States may, with the concurrence of the Secretary, detail an employee of that department or agency to the American Institute in Taiwan, if the Secretary determines that to do so is in the national interest of the United States.

(3) In this subsection, the term "employee" does not include—

(A) a noncareer appointee, limited term appointee, or limited emergency appointee (as such terms are defined in section 3132(a) of title 5) in the Senior Executive Service; or

(B) an employee in a position that has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character.

(4) An assignment or detail under this subsection may be made with or without reimbursement from the American Institute in Taiwan.

(5) The period of an assignment or detail under this subsection shall not exceed a total of 6 years, except that the Secretary (or any other head of a department or agency of the United States, with the concurrence of the Secretary) may extend the period of an assignment or detail for an additional period of not more than 6 years.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §503, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2093; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §326, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1386.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–228, §326(2), substituted "Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d)(5), assignments" for "Assignments".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–228, §326(1), added subsec. (d).
22 U.S.C. § 2507h (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2507h: Removal and assessment and evaluation
Removal and assessment and evaluation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

If a volunteer requests removal from the site in which such volunteer is serving because the volunteer feels at risk of imminent bodily harm, the President shall, as expeditiously as practical after receiving such request, remove the volunteer from the site. If the President receives such a request, the President shall assess and evaluate the safety of such site and may not assign another volunteer to the site until such time as the assessment and evaluation is complete and the site has been determined to be safe. Volunteers may remain at a site during the assessment and evaluation.

(b) Determination of site as unsafe

If the President determines that a site is unsafe for any remaining volunteers at the site, the President shall, as expeditiously as practical, remove all volunteers from the site.

(c) Tracking and recording

The President shall establish a global tracking and recording system to track and record incidents of crimes against volunteers.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §8H, as added Pub. L. 112–57, §2, Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 743.)
22 U.S.C. § 2358 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2358: Foreign and domestic excess property
Foreign and domestic excess property
Status: in_force

(a) Advance acquisition of property; special account for payment of costs; limitation; use of property

It is the sense of the Congress that in furnishing assistance under subchapter I of this chapter excess personal property, or (if a substantial savings would occur) other property already owned by an agency of the United States Government, shall be utilized wherever practicable in lieu of or supplementary to the procurement of new items for United States-assisted projects and programs. The President is authorized to maintain in a separate account, which shall, notwithstanding section 1535(d) of title 31, be free from fiscal year limitation, $5,000,000 of funds made available under part I of subchapter I of this chapter, which may be used to pay costs (including personnel costs) of acquisition, storage, renovation and rehabilitation, packing, crating, handling, transportation, and related costs of property classified as domestic or foreign excess property pursuant to chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41, any property available from an agency of the United States Government, or other property, in advance of known requirements therefor for use in furtherance of the purposes of subchapter I of this chapter: Provided, That the amount of property classified as domestic excess property pursuant to chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41 held at any one time pursuant to this section shall not exceed $15,000,000 in total original acquisition cost. Property acquired pursuant to the preceding sentence may be furnished (1) pursuant to any provision of subchapter I of this chapter for which funds are authorized for the furnishing of assistance, in which case the separate account established pursuant to this section shall be repaid from funds made available for such provision for all costs incurred, or (2) pursuant to section 2357 of this title, in which case such separate account shall be repaid in accordance with the provisions of that section for all costs incurred.

(b) Transfer of domestic excess property

Property classified as domestic excess property under chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41 shall not be transferred to the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter for use pursuant to the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter or section 2357 of this title unless (1) such property is transferred for use exclusively by an agency of the United States Government, or (2) it has been determined in the same manner as provided for surplus property in section 549(a) to (e) of title 40, that such property is not needed for donation pursuant to those subsections. The foregoing restrictions shall not apply to the transfer in any fiscal year for use pursuant to the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter of amounts of such property with a total original acquisition cost to the United States Government not exceeding $45,000,000.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §608, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. III, §301(c), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 804; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. III, §301(b), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §102(g)(2)(C), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §701, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In text, "chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41" substituted for references to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (a), "section 1535(d) of title 31" substituted for "section 1210 of the General Appropriation Act, 1951 (64 Stat. 765) [31 U.S.C. 686–1]" on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

In subsec. (b), "section 549(a) to (e) of title 40" substituted for "section 203(j) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended" and "those subsections" substituted for "that subsection" on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, the first section of which enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

Amendments

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–113 authorized for subchapter I assistance use of property already owned by an agency of the United States (if a substantial savings would occur) as supplementary to procurement of new items for United States-assisted projects and programs and use of separate account funds for payment of costs of any property available from an agency of the United States.

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–424 substituted "part 1 of subchapter 1 of this chapter" for "section 2172 of this title".

1967—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–137 required, in furnishing assistance under subchapter I of this chapter, utilization of excess personal property wherever practicable in lieu of new items for United States-assisted projects and programs.

1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–583 permitted personnel costs attributable to the excess property program to be charged to the separate account for the advance acquisition of property.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

References to Part I Deemed To Include Section 2293

References to part I of subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include a reference to section 2293 of this title. See section 2293(d)(1) of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 288 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XVIII: PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS / Section 288: "International organization" defined; authority of President
"International organization" defined; authority of President
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term "international organization" means a public international organization in which the United States participates pursuant to any treaty or under the authority of any Act of Congress authorizing such participation or making an appropriation for such participation, and which shall have been designated by the President through appropriate Executive order as being entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities provided in this subchapter. The President shall be authorized, in the light of the functions performed by any such international organization, by appropriate Executive order to withhold or withdraw from any such organization or its officers or employees any of the privileges, exemptions, and immunities provided for in this subchapter (including the amendments made by this subchapter) or to condition or limit the enjoyment by any such organization or its officers or employees of any such privilege, exemption, or immunity. The President shall be authorized, if in his judgment such action should be justified by reason of the abuse by an international organization or its officers and employees of the privileges, exemptions, and immunities provided in this subchapter or for any other reason, at any time to revoke the designation of any international organization under this section, whereupon the international organization in question shall cease to be classed as an international organization for the purposes of this subchapter.

(Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, title I, §1, 59 Stat. 669.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, 59 Stat. 669, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–177, §1, June 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 1260, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 288f–7 of this title] may be cited as the 'Extending Immunities to the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the International Civilian Office in Kosovo Act of 2010'."

Short Title

Act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, title I, §10, 59 Stat. 673, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter and amending section 215 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, sections 116, 1607, 1621, 3466, 3469, 3475, and 3797 of Internal Revenue Code, 1939, and section 409 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'International Organizations Immunities Act'."

International Cotton Advisory Committee

Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §283, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 980, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The President shall ensure that the Government of the United States participates as a full member of the International Cotton Advisory Committee.

"(b) Representation by the Secretary.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall represent the Government of the United States as a member of the International Cotton Advisory Committee and shall delegate the primary responsibility to represent the Government of the United States to appropriately qualified individuals."

Administrative Supplies for International Organizations

Act Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 479, 61 Stat. 752, provided for the procurement and furnishing of administrative supplies by the Treasury Department to international organizations until July 1, 1948. This act was popularly known as the "International Organizations Procurement Act of 1947."

Public International Organizations Designated by Statute

The following organizations shall be considered public international organizations for purposes of this section:

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. See section 7622 of this title.

The International Development Law Institute. See section 288j of this title.

Executive Documents

Public International Organizations Entitled To Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities

International organizations were designated by executive order as public international organizations entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities conferred by the International Organizations Immunities Act (this subchapter) as follows:

African Development Bank, Ex. Ord. No. 12403, Feb. 8, 1983, 48 F.R. 6087.

African Development Fund, Ex. Ord. No. 11977, Mar. 14, 1977, 42 F.R. 14671.

African Union, Ex. Ord. No. 13377, Apr. 13, 2005, 70 F.R. 20263.

Asian Development Bank, Ex. Ord. No. 11334, Mar. 7, 1967, 32 F.R. 3933.

Border Environment Cooperation Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 12904, Mar. 16, 1994, 59 F.R. 13179.

Caribbean Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 10983, Dec. 30, 1961, 27 F.R. 32.

Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Ex. Ord. No. 12904, Mar. 16, 1994, 59 F.R. 13179.

Commission for Labor Cooperation, Ex. Ord. No. 12904, Mar. 16, 1994, 59 F.R. 13179.

Commission for the Study of Alternatives to the Panama Canal, Ex. Ord. No. 12567, Oct. 2, 1986, 51 F.R. 35495.

Council of Europe in Respect of the Group of States Against Corruption (GRECO), Ex. Ord. No. 13240, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66257.

Customs Cooperation Council, Ex. Ord. No. 11596, June 5, 1971, 36 F.R. 11079.

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Ex. Ord. No. 12766, June 18, 1991, 56 F.R. 28463.

European Central Bank, Ex. Ord. No. 13307, May 29, 2003, 68 F.R. 33338.

European Space Agency, Ex. Ord. No. 11318, Dec. 5, 1966, 31 F.R. 15307; Ex. Ord. No. 11351, May 22, 1967, 32 F.R. 7561; Ex. Ord. No. 11760, Jan. 17, 1974, 39 F.R. 2343; Ex. Ord. No. 12766, June 18, 1991, 56 F.R. 28463.

Food and Agriculture Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 9698, Feb. 19, 1946, 11 F.R. 1809.

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Ex. Ord. No. 13395, Jan. 13, 2006, 71 F.R. 3203.

Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 11059, Oct. 23, 1962, 27 F.R. 10405.

Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices, Ex. Ord. No. 13052, June 30, 1997, 62 F.R. 35659.

Inter-American Defense Board, Ex. Ord. No. 10228, Mar. 26, 1951, 16 F.R. 2676.

Inter-American Development Bank, Ex. Ord. No. 10873, Apr. 8, 1960, 25 F.R. 3097; Ex. Ord. No. 11019, Apr. 27, 1962, 27 F.R. 4145.

Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Ex. Ord. No. 9751, July 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 7713.

Inter-American Investment Corporation, Ex. Ord. No. 12567, Oct. 2, 1986, 51 F.R. 35495.

Inter-American Statistical Institute, Ex. Ord. No. 9751, July 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 7713.

Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 11059, Oct. 23, 1962, 27 F.R. 10405.

Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 10795, Dec. 13, 1958, 23 F.R. 9709.

International Atomic Energy Agency, Ex. Ord. No. 10727, Aug. 31, 1957, 22 F.R. 7099.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Ex. Ord. No. 9751, July 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 7713.

International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, Ex. Ord. No. 12467, Mar. 2, 1984, 49 F.R. 8229.

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, Ex. Ord. No. 11966, Jan. 19, 1977, 42 F.R. 4331.

International Civil Aviation Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 9863, May 31, 1947, 12 F.R. 3559.

International Civilian Office in Kosovo, Ex. Ord. No. 13568, Mar. 8, 2011, 76 F.R. 13497.

International Coffee Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 11225, May 22, 1965, 30 F.R. 7093.

International Committee of the Red Cross, Ex. Ord. No. 12643, June 23, 1988, 53 F.R. 24247.

International Cotton Advisory Committee, Ex. Ord. No. 9911, Dec. 19, 1947, 12 F.R. 8719.

International Cotton Institute, Ex. Ord. No. 11283, May 27, 1966, 31 F.R. 7667.

International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) (limited privileges), Ex. Ord. No. 12425, June 16, 1983, 48 F.R. 28069; Ex. Ord. No. 12971, Sept. 15, 1995, 60 F.R. 48617; Ex. Ord. No. 13524, Dec. 16, 2009, 74 F.R. 67803.

International Development Association, Ex. Ord. No. 11966, Jan. 19, 1977, 42 F.R. 4331.

International Development Law Institute, Ex. Ord. No. 12842, Mar. 29, 1993, 58 F.R. 17081.

International Fertilizer Development Center, Ex. Ord. No. 11977, Mar. 14, 1977, 42 F.R. 14671.

International Finance Corporation, Ex. Ord. No. 10680, Oct. 2, 1956, 21 F.R. 7647.

International Food Policy Research Institute (limited privileges), Ex. Ord. No. 12359, Apr. 22, 1982, 47 F.R. 17791.

International Fund for Agricultural Development, Ex. Ord. No. 12732, Oct. 31, 1990, 55 F.R. 46489.

International Hydrographic Bureau, Ex. Ord. No. 10769, May 29, 1958, 23 F.R. 3801.

International Joint Commission—United States and Canada, Ex. Ord. No. 9972, June 25, 1948, 13 F.R. 3573.

International Labor Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 9698, Feb. 19, 1946, 11 F.R. 1809.

International Maritime Satellite Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 12238, Sept. 12, 1980, 45 F.R. 60877.

International Monetary Fund, Ex. Ord. No. 9751, July 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 7713.

International Pacific Halibut Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 11059, Oct. 23, 1962, 27 F.R. 10405.

International Renewable Energy Agency, Ex. Ord. No. 13705, Sept. 3, 2015, 80 F.R. 54405.

International Secretariat for Volunteer Service, Ex. Ord. No. 11363, July 20, 1967, 32 F.R. 10779.

International Telecommunication Union, Ex. Ord. No. 9863, May 31, 1947, 12 F.R. 3559.

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT), Ex. Ord. No. 11718, May 14, 1973, 38 F.R. 12797; Ex. Ord. No. 11966, Jan. 19, 1977, 42 F.R. 4331.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Ex. Ord. No. 12986, Jan. 18, 1996, 61 F.R. 1693.

International Wheat Advisory Committee (International Wheat Council), Ex. Ord. No. 9823, Jan. 24, 1947, 12 F.R. 551.

Interparliamentary Union, Ex. Ord. No. 13097, Aug. 7, 1998, 63 F.R. 43065.

Israel-United States Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation, Ex. Ord. No. 12956, Mar. 13, 1995, 60 F.R. 14199.

ITER International Fusion Energy Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 13451, Nov. 19, 2007, 72 F.R. 65653.

Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 12997, Apr. 1, 1996, 61 F.R. 14949.

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, Ex. Ord. No. 12647, Aug. 2, 1988, 53 F.R. 29323.

Multinational Force and Observers, Ex. Ord. No. 12359, Apr. 22, 1982, 47 F.R. 17791.

North American Development Bank, Ex. Ord. No. 12904, Mar. 16, 1994, 59 F.R. 13179.

North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 12895, Jan. 26, 1994, 59 F.R. 4239.

North Pacific Marine Science Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 12894, Jan. 26, 1994, 59 F.R. 4237.

Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ex. Ord. No. 13568, Mar. 8, 2011, 76 F.R. 13497.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation (now known as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), Ex. Ord. No. 10133, June 27, 1950, 15 F.R. 4159.

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Ex. Ord. No. 13049, June 11, 1997, 62 F.R. 32471.

Organization of American States (includes Pan American Union), Ex. Ord. No. 10533, June 3, 1954, 19 F.R. 3289.

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, Ex. Ord. No. 12669, Feb. 20, 1989, 54 F.R. 7753.

Pacific Salmon Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 12567, Oct. 2, 1986, 51 F.R. 35495.

Pan American Health Organization (includes Pan American Sanitary Bureau), Ex. Ord. No. 10864, Feb. 18, 1960, 25 F.R. 1507.

Preparatory Commission of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Ex. Ord. No. 10727, Aug. 31, 1957, 22 F.R. 7099.

Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe (now known as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration), Ex. Ord. No. 10335, Mar. 28, 1952, 17 F.R. 2741.

South Pacific Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 10086, Nov. 25, 1949, 14 F.R. 7147.

United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI), Ex. Ord. No. 11484, Sept. 29, 1969, 34 F.R. 15337.

United Nations, Ex. Ord. No. 9698, Feb. 19, 1946, 11 F.R. 1809.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 9863, May 31, 1947, 12 F.R. 3559.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 12628, Mar. 8, 1988, 53 F.R. 7725.

United States-Mexico Border Health Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 13367, Dec. 21, 2004, 69 F.R. 77605.

Universal Postal Union, Ex. Ord. No. 10727, Aug. 31, 1957, 22 F.R. 7099.

World Health Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 10025, Dec. 30, 1948, 13 F.R. 9361.

World Intellectual Property Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 11866, June 18, 1975, 40 F.R. 26015.

World Meteorological Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 10676, Sept. 1, 1956, 21 F.R. 6625.

World Organisation for Animal Health, Ex. Ord. No. 13759, Jan. 12, 2017, 82 F.R. 5323.

World Tourism Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 12508, Mar. 22, 1985, 50 F.R. 11837.

World Trade Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 13042, Apr. 9, 1997, 62 F.R. 18017.

Public International Organizations Formerly Entitled To Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities

Executive orders designating international organizations as public international organizations entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities conferred by the International Organizations Immunities Act (this subchapter) were revoked as follows:

Caribbean Commission, Ex. Ord. No. 10025, Dec. 30, 1948, 13 F.R. 9361; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 10983, Dec. 30, 1961, 27 F.R. 32.

Coffee Study Group, Ex. Ord. No. 10943, May 19, 1961, 26 F.R. 4419; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12033, Jan. 10, 1978, 43 F.R. 1915.

Inter-American Coffee Board, Ex. Ord. No. 9751, July 11, 1946, 11 F.R. 7713; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 10083, Oct. 10, 1949, 14 F.R. 6161.

Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees, Ex. Ord. No. 9823, Jan. 24, 1947, 12 F.R. 551; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 10083, Oct. 10, 1949, 14 F.R. 6161.

Interim Communications Satellite Committee, Ex. Ord. No. 11227, June 2, 1965, 30 F.R. 7369; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11718, May 14, 1973, 38 F.R. 12797.

International Refugee Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 9887, Aug. 22, 1947, 12 F.R. 5723; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 10832, Aug. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 6753.

International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium, Ex. Ord. No. 11277, Apr. 30, 1966, 31 F.R. 6609; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11718, May 14, 1973, 38 F.R. 12797.

Lake Ontario Claims Tribunal, Ex. Ord. No. 11372, Sept. 18, 1967, 32 F.R. 13251; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11439, Dec. 7, 1968, 33 F.R. 18257.

Organization of African Unity (OAU), Ex. Ord. No. 11767, Feb. 19, 1974, 39 F.R. 6603; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13377, §3, Apr. 13, 2005, 70 F.R. 20263.

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, Ex. Ord. No. 10866, Feb. 20, 1960, 25 F.R. 1584; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12033, Jan. 10, 1978, 43 F.R. 1915.

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, Ex. Ord. No. 9698, Feb. 19, 1946, 11 F.R. 1809; revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 10083, Oct. 10, 1949, 14 F.R. 6161.

Revocation of Executive Order Nos. 9721 and 10103

Ex. Ord. No. 9721, May 10, 1946, 11 F.R. 5209, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10103, Feb. 1, 1950, 15 F.R. 597, which provided for the transfer of Federal Government personnel to public international organizations, was revoked with certain savings provisions by section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 10804, Feb. 12, 1959, 24 F.R. 1147, and subsequently revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.
22 U.S.C. § 8402 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 91: ENHANCED PARTNERSHIP WITH PAKISTAN / Section 8402: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress finds the following:

(1) The people of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the United States share a long history of friendship and comity, and the interests of both nations are well-served by strengthening and deepening this friendship.

(2) Since 2001, the United States has contributed more than $15,000,000,000 to Pakistan, of which more than $10,000,000,000 has been security-related assistance and direct payments.

(3) With the free and fair election of February 18, 2008, Pakistan returned to civilian rule, reversing years of political tension and mounting popular concern over military rule and Pakistan's own democratic reform and political development.

(4) Pakistan is a major non-NATO ally of the United States and has been a valuable partner in the battle against al Qaeda and the Taliban, but much more remains to be accomplished by both nations.

(5) The struggle against al Qaeda, the Taliban, and affiliated terrorist groups has led to the deaths of several thousand Pakistani civilians and members of the security forces of Pakistan over the past seven years.

(6) Despite killing or capturing hundreds of al Qaeda operatives and other terrorists—including major al Qaeda leaders, such as Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Abu Faraj al-Libi—the FATA, parts of the NWFP, Quetta in Balochistan, and Muridke in Punjab remain a sanctuary for al Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban, the Terikh-e Taliban and affiliated groups from which these groups organize terrorist actions against Pakistan and other countries.

(7) The security forces of Pakistan have struggled to contain a Taliban-backed insurgency, recently taking direct action against those who threaten Pakistan's security and stability, including military operations in the FATA and the NWFP.

(8) On March 27, 2009, President Obama noted, "Multiple intelligence estimates have warned that al Qaeda is actively planning attacks on the United States homeland from its safe-haven in Pakistan.".

(9) According to a Government Accountability Office report (GAO–08–622), "since 2003, the [A]dministration's national security strategies and Congress have recognized that a comprehensive plan that includes all elements of national power—diplomatic, military, intelligence, development assistance, economic, and law enforcement support—was needed to address the terrorist threat emanating from the FATA" and that such a strategy was also mandated by section 7102(b)(3) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458; 22 U.S.C. 2656f note) and section 2042(b)(2) of the Implementing the 1 Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (Public Law 110–53; 22 U.S.C. 2375 note).

(10) During 2008 and 2009, the people of Pakistan have been especially hard hit by rising food and commodity prices and severe energy shortages, with 2/3 of the population living on less than $2 a day and 1/5 of the population living below the poverty line according to the United Nations Development Program.

(11) Economic growth is a fundamental foundation for human security and national stability in Pakistan, a country with more than 175,000,000 people, an annual population growth rate of two percent, and a ranking of 136 out of 177 countries in the United Nations Human Development Index.

(12) The 2009 Pakistani military offensive in the NWFP and the FATA displaced millions of residents in one of the gravest humanitarian crises Pakistan has faced, and despite the heroic efforts of Pakistanis to respond to the needs of the displaced millions and facilitate the return of many, it has highlighted the need for Pakistan to develop an effective national counterinsurgency strategy.

(Pub. L. 111–73, §3, Oct. 15, 2009, 123 Stat. 2061.)

1 So in original. The word "the" probably should not appear.
22 U.S.C. § 2186 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2186: Loan guarantees to Israel program
Loan guarantees to Israel program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to the terms and conditions of this section, during the period beginning October 1, 1992, and ending September 30, 1997, the President is authorized to issue guarantees against losses incurred in connection with loans to Israel made as a result of Israel's extraordinary humanitarian effort to resettle and absorb immigrants into Israel from the republics of the former Soviet Union, Ethiopia and other countries. In the event that less than the full amount authorized to be issued under subsection (b) of this section is issued in such period, the authority to issue the balance of such guarantees shall be available in the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998.

(b) Fiscal year levels

The President is authorized to issue guarantees in furtherance of the purposes of this section. Subject to subsection (d), the total principal amount of guarantees which may be issued by the President under this section shall be up to $10,000,000,000 which may be issued as follows:

(1) in fiscal year 1993, up to $2,000,000,000 may be issued on October 1, 1992 or thereafter;

(2) subject to subsection (d), in fiscal years 1994 through 1997, up to $2,000,000,000 in each fiscal year may be issued on October 1 or thereafter.

(3) If less than the full amount of guarantees authorized to be made available in a fiscal year pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection is issued to Israel during that fiscal year, the authority to issue the balance of such guarantees shall extend to any subsequent fiscal year ending on or before September 30, 1998.

(4)(A) Not later than September 1 of each year during the period in which the President is authorized to issue loan guarantees under subsection (a), beginning in fiscal year 1993, the President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees in writing of his intentions regarding the exercise of that authority for the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of that year, including a statement of the total principal amount of guarantees, if any, that the President proposes to issue for that fiscal year.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(c) Use of guarantees

Guarantees may be issued under this section only to support activities in the geographic areas which were subject to the administration of the Government of Israel before June 5, 1967.

(d) Limitation on guarantee amount

The amount of authorized but unissued guarantees that the President is authorized to issue as specified in subsection (b) shall be reduced by an amount equal to the amount extended or estimated to have been extended by the Government of Israel during the previous year for activities which the President determines are inconsistent with the objectives of this section or understandings reached between the United States Government and the Government of Israel regarding the implementation of the loan program. The President shall submit a report to Congress no later than September 30 of each fiscal year during the pendency of the program specifying the amount calculated under this subsection and that will be deducted from the amount of guarantees authorized to be issued in the next fiscal year.

(e) Fees

(1) Fees charged for the loan guarantee program under this section each year shall be an aggregate annual origination fee equal to the estimated subsidy cost of the guarantees issued under this section for that year, calculated by the Office of Management and Budget for the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.]. This shall also include an amount for the administrative expenses of the Agency for International Development in administering the program under this section. All such fees shall be paid by the Government of Israel to the Government of the United States. Funds made available for Israel under part 4 of subchapter II of this chapter, may be utilized by the Government of Israel to pay such fees to the United States Government. No further appropriations of subsidy cost are needed for the loan guarantee authorized hereunder for fiscal year 1993 and the four succeeding fiscal years.

(2) The origination fee shall be payable to the United States Government on a pro rata basis as each guarantee for each loan or increment is issued.

(f) Authority to suspend

Except as provided in subsections (l) and (m) of this section, the President shall determine the terms and conditions for issuing guarantees. If the President determines that these terms and conditions have been breached, the President may suspend or terminate the provision of all or part of the additional loan guarantees not yet issued under this section. Upon making such a determination to suspend or terminate the provision of loan guarantees, the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate his determination to do so, including the basis for such suspension or termination.

(g) Procedures for suspension or termination

Any suspension or termination pursuant to subsection (f) shall be in accordance with the following procedures:

(1) Upon making a determination to suspend or terminate the provision of loan guarantees, the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate his determination to do so, including the basis for such suspension or termination.

(2) Such a suspension or termination shall cease to be effective if Congress enacts, within 30 days of submission, a joint resolution authorizing the assistance notwithstanding the suspension.

(3) Any such joint resolution shall be considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.

(4) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and enactment of joint resolutions under this subsection, a motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint resolution after it has been reported by the appropriate committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the House of Representatives.

(5) In the event that the President suspends the provision of additional loan guarantees under subsection (f) and Congress does not enact a joint resolution pursuant to this subsection, the provision of additional loan guarantees under the program established by this section may be resumed only if the President determines and so reports to Congress that the reasons for the suspension have been resolved or that the resumption is otherwise in the national interest.

(h) Economic context

The effective absorption of immigrants into Israel from the republics of the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia within the private sector requires large investment and economic restructuring to promote market efficiency and thereby contribute to productive employment and sustainable growth. Congress recognizes that the Government of Israel is developing an economic strategy designed to achieve these goals, and that the Government of Israel intends to adopt a comprehensive, multi-year economic strategy based on prudent macroeconomic policies and structural reforms. Congress also recognizes that these policies are being designed to reduce direct involvement of the government in the economic system and to promote private enterprise, important prerequisites for economic stability and sustainable growth.

(i) Consultations

It is the sense of the Congress that, as agreed between the two Governments and in order to further the policies specified in subsection (h), Israel and the United States should continue to engage in consultations concerning economic and financial measures, including structural and other reforms, that Israel should undertake during the pendency of this program to enable its economy to absorb and resettle immigrants and to accommodate the increased debt burden that will result from loans guaranteed pursuant to this section. It is the sense of the Congress that these consultations on economic measures should address progress and plans in the areas of budget policies, privatization, trade liberalization, financial and capital markets, labor markets, competition policy, and deregulation.

(j) Goods and services

During the pendency of the loan program authorized under this section, it is anticipated that, in the context of the economic reforms undertaken pursuant to subsections (h) and (i) of this section, Israel's increased population due to its absorption of immigrants, and the liberalization by the Government of Israel of its trade policy with the United States, the amount of United States investment goods and services purchased for use in or with respect to the country of Israel will substantially increase.

(k) Reports

The President shall report to Congress by December 31 of each fiscal year until December 31, 1999, regarding the implementation of this section.

(l) Applicability of certain sections

Section 2183 of this title shall apply to guarantees issued under subsection (a) in the same manner as such section applies to guarantees issued under section 2182 of this title, except that subsections (a), (e)(1), (g), and (j) of section 2183 of this title shall not apply to such guarantees and except that, to the extent section 2183 of this title is inconsistent with the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.], that Act shall apply. Loans shall be guaranteed under this section without regard to sections 2181, 2182, and 2198(c) 1 of this title. Notwithstanding section 2183(f) of this title, the interest rate for loans guaranteed under this section may include a reasonable fee to cover the costs and fees incurred by the borrower in connection with this program or financing under this section in the event the borrower elects not to finance such costs or fees out of loan principal. Guarantees once issued hereunder shall be unconditional and fully and freely transferable.

(m) Terms and conditions

(1) Each loan guarantee issued under this section shall guarantee 100 percent of the principal and interest payable on such loans.

(2) The standard terms of any loan or increment guaranteed under this section shall be 30 years with semiannual payments of interest only over the first 10 years, and with semiannual payments of principal and interest on a level payment basis, over the last 20 years thereof, except that the guaranteed loan or any increments issued in a single transaction may include obligations having different maturities, interest rates, and payment terms if the aggregate scheduled debt service for all obligations issued in a single transaction equals the debt service for a single loan or increment of like amount having the standard terms described in this sentence. The guarantor shall not have the right to accelerate any guaranteed loan or increment or to pay any amounts in respect of the guarantees issued other than in accordance with the original payment terms of the loan. For purposes of determining the maximum principal amount of any loan or increment to be guaranteed under this section, the principal amount of each such loan or increment shall be—

(A) in the case of any loan issued on a discount basis, the original issue price (excluding any transaction costs) thereof; or

(B) in the case of any loan issue 2 on an interest-bearing basis, the stated principal amount thereof.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §226, as added Pub. L. 102–391, title VI, §601, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1699.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, referred to in subsecs. (e)(1) and (l), is title V of Pub. L. 93–344 as added by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§661 et seq.) of chapter 17A of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 621 of Title 2 and Tables.

Section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (g)(3), is section 601(b) of Pub. L. 94–329, title VI, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 765, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 2198(c) of this title, referred to in subsec. (l), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "issued".
22 U.S.C. § 2593e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 35: ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT / Subchapter IV: ADDITIONAL GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 2593e: Measures against persons involved in activities that violate arms control treaties or agreements with the United States
Measures against persons involved in activities that violate arms control treaties or agreements with the United States
Status: in_force

(a) Reports on persons that violate treaties or agreements

(1) In general

Not later than 30 days after the submittal to Congress of an annual report on the status of United States policy and actions with respect to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament pursuant to section 2593a of this title, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, identifying every person with respect to whom there is credible information indicating that—

(A) the person—

(i)(I) is an individual who is a citizen, national, or permanent resident of a country described in paragraph (2); or

(II) is an entity organized under the laws of a country described in paragraph (2); and

(ii) has engaged in any activity that contributed to or is a significant factor in the President's or the Secretary of State's determination that such country is not in full compliance with its obligations as further described in paragraph (2); or

(B) the person has provided material support for such non-compliance to a person described in subparagraph (A).

(2) Country described

A country described in this paragraph is a country (other than a country described in paragraph (3)) that the President or the Secretary of State has determined, in the most recent annual report described in paragraph (1), to be not in full compliance with its obligations undertaken in all arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements or commitments to which the United States is a participating state.

(3) Excluded countries

The following countries are not described for purposes of paragraph (2):

(A) The United States.

(B) Any country determined by the Director of National Intelligence to be closely cooperating in intelligence matters with the United States in the period covered by the most recent annual report described in paragraph (1), regardless of the extent of the compliance of such country with the obligations described in paragraph (2) during such period.

(b) Imposition of measures

Except as provided in subsections (d), (e), and (f), the President shall impose the measures described in subsection (c) with respect to each person identified in a report under subsection (a).

(c) Measures described

(1) In general

The measures to be imposed with respect to a person under subsection (b) are the head of any executive agency (as defined in section 133 of title 41) may not enter into, renew, or extend a contract for the procurement of goods or services with the person.

(2) Exception for major routes of supply

The requirement to impose measures under paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to any contract for the procurement of goods or services along a major route of supply to a zone of active combat or major contingency operation.

(3) Requirement to revise regulations

(A) In general

Not later than 90 days after December 23, 2016, the Federal Acquisition Regulation, the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement, and the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards shall be revised to implement paragraph (1).

(B) Certifications

The revisions to the Federal Acquisition Regulation under subparagraph (A) shall include a requirement for a certification from each person that is a prospective contractor that the person, and any person owned or controlled by the person, does not engage in any activity described in subsection (a)(1)(A)(ii).

(C) Remedies

If the head of an executive agency determines that a person has submitted a false certification under subparagraph (B) on or after the date on which the applicable revision of the Federal Acquisition Regulation required by this paragraph becomes effective—

(i) the head of that executive agency shall terminate a contract with such person or debar or suspend such person from eligibility for Federal contracts for a period of not less than 2 years;

(ii) any such debarment or suspension shall be subject to the procedures that apply to debarment and suspension under the Federal Acquisition Regulation under subpart 9.4 of part 9 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations; and

(iii) the Administrator of General Services shall include on the List of Parties Excluded from Federal Procurement and Nonprocurement Programs maintained by the Administrator under part 9 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation each person that is debarred, suspended, or proposed for debarment or suspension by the head of an executive agency on the basis of a determination of a false certification under subparagraph (B).

(d) Waiver for lack of knowing violation

(1) In general

The President may waive the application of measures on a case-by-case basis under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President—

(A) determines that—

(i)(I) in the case of a person described in subsection (a)(1)(A), the person did not knowingly engage in any activity described in such subsection;

(II) in the case of a person described in subsection (a)(1)(B), the person conducted or facilitated a transaction or transactions with, or provided financial services to, a person described in subsection (a)(1)(A) that did not knowingly engage in any activity described in such subsection; and

(III) in the case of a person described in subsection (a)(1)(A) or (a)(1)(B), the person has terminated the activity for which otherwise covered by such subsection or has provided verifiable assurances that the person will terminate such activity; and

(ii) the waiver is in the national security interest of the United States; and

(B) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the determination and the reasons for the determination.

(2) Form of report

The report required by paragraph (1)(B) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(e) Waiver to prevent disclosure of intelligence sources and methods

The President may waive the application of measures on a case-by-case basis under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President—

(1) determines that the waiver is necessary to prevent the disclosure of intelligence sources or methods; and

(2) submits to the appropriate congressional committees a report, consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, on the determination and the reasons for the determination.

(f) Timing of imposition

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the President shall immediately impose measures under subsection (b) against a person described in subsection (a)(1) upon the submittal to Congress of the report identifying the person pursuant to subsection (a)(1) unless the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the government of the country concerned has taken specific and effective actions, including, as appropriate, the imposition of appropriate penalties, to terminate the involvement of the person in the activities that resulted in the identification of the person in the report.

(2) Delay

(A) In general

The President may delay the imposition of measures against a person for up to 120 days after the date of the submittal to Congress of the report identifying the person pursuant to subsection (a)(1) if the President initiates consultations with the government concerned with respect to the taking of actions described in paragraph (1).

(B) Additional delay

The President may delay the imposition of measures for up to an additional 120 days after the delay authorized by subparagraph (A) if the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the government concerned is in the process of taking the actions described in paragraph (1).

(3) Report

Not later than 60 days after the submittal to Congress of the report identifying a person pursuant to subsection (a)(1), the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the status of consultations, if any, with the government concerned under this subsection, and the basis for any determination under paragraph (1).

(g) Termination

(1) Termination through compliance of country with arms control and other agreements

The measures imposed with respect to a person under subsection (b) shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to Congress a subsequent annual report pursuant to section 2593a of this title that does not contain a determination of the President that the country described in subsection (a)(2) with respect to which the measures were imposed with respect to the person is a country that is not in full compliance with its obligations undertaken in all arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament agreements or commitments to which the United States is a participating state.

(2) Termination through cessation by person of violating activities

In addition to termination provided for by paragraph (1), the measures imposed with respect to a person under subsection (b) in connection with a particular activity shall terminate upon a determination of the President that the person has ceased such activity. The termination of measures imposed with respect to a person in connection with a particular activity pursuant to this paragraph shall not result in the termination of any measures imposed with respect to the person in connection with any other activity for which measures were imposed under subsection (b).

(h) Appropriate congressional committees defined

In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1290, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2555.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, and not as part of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 2392 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2392: Government agencies
Government agencies
Status: in_force

(a) Allocation and transfer of funds

The President may allocate or transfer to any agency of the United States Government any part of any funds available for carrying out the purposes of this chapter, including any advance to the United States Government by any country or international organization for the procurement of commodities, defense articles, military education and training, or services (including defense services). Such funds shall be available for obligation and expenditure for the purposes for which authorized, in accordance with authority granted in this chapter or under authority governing the activities of the agencies of the United States Government to which such funds are allocated or transferred.

(b) Utilization of services and facilities of other agencies

Any officer of the United States Government carrying out functions under this chapter may utilize the services (including defense services) and facilities of, or procure commodities, defense articles, or military education and training from, any agency of the United States Government as the President shall direct, or with the consent of the head of such agency, and funds allocated pursuant to this subsection to any such agency may be established in separate appropriation accounts on the books of the Treasury.

(c) Reimbursement for commodities, services, and facilities

In the case of any commodity, service, or facility procured from any agency of the United States Government to carry out subchapter I of this chapter, reimbursement or payment shall be made to such agency from funds available to carry out such subchapter. Such reimbursement or payment shall be at replacement cost, or, if required by law, at actual cost, or, in the case of services procured from the Department of Defense to carry out part VIII of subchapter I of this chapter, the amount of the additional costs incurred by the Department of Defense in providing such services, or at any other price authorized by law and agreed to by the owning or disposing agency. The amount of any such reimbursement or payment shall be credited to current applicable appropriations, funds, or accounts, from which there may be procured replacements of similar commodities, services, or facilities, except that where such appropriations, funds, or accounts are not reimbursable except by reason of this subsection, and when the owning or disposing agency determines that such replacement is not necessary, any funds received in payment therefor shall be deposited into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(d) Reimbursement for military assistance

Except as otherwise provided in section 2318 of this title, reimbursement shall be made to any United States Government agency, from funds available for use under subchapter II of this chapter, for any assistance furnished under subchapter II of this chapter, from, by, or through such agency. Such reimbursement shall be in an amount equal to the value (as defined in section 2403(m) of this title) of the defense articles or of the defense services (other than salaries of members of the Armed Forces of the United States), or other assistance furnished, plus expenses arising from or incident to operations under subchapter II of this chapter (other than salaries of the Armed Forces of the United States and unfunded estimated costs of civilian retirement and other benefits). The amount of such reimbursement shall be credited to the current applicable appropriations, funds, or accounts of such agency.

(e) Establishment of accounts

In furnishing assistance under this chapter, accounts may be established on the books of any agency of the United States Government or, on terms and conditions approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, in banking institutions in the United States, (1) against which letters of commitment may be issued which shall constitute recordable obligations of the United States Government, and moneys due or to become due under such letters of commitment shall be assignable under the Assignment of Claims Act of 1940, as amended 1 (second and third paragraphs of 31 U.S.C. 203 and 41 U.S.C. 15), and (2) from which disbursements may be made to, or withdrawals may be made by, recipient countries or agencies, organizations, or persons upon presentation of contracts, invoices, or other appropriate documentation. Expenditure of funds which have been made available through accounts so established shall be accounted for on standard documentation required for expenditure of funds of the United States Government: Provided, That such expenditures for commodities, defense articles, military education and training, services (including defense services), or facilities procured outside the United States may be accounted for exclusively on such certification as may be prescribed in regulations approved by the Comptroller General of the United States.

(f) Credits made by Export-Import Bank of the United States

Credits made by the Export-Import Bank of the United States with funds allocated thereto under subsection (a) of this section or under section 1782(a) 1 of this title, shall not be considered in determining whether the Bank has outstanding at any one time loans and guaranties to the extent of the limitation imposed by section 635e of title 12.

(g) Charge of expenses to appropriation or account

Any appropriation or account available to carry out provisions of subchapter I of this chapter may initially be charged in any fiscal year, within the limit of available funds, to finance expenses for which funds are available in other appropriations or accounts under subchapter I of this chapter: Provided, That as of the end of such fiscal year such expenses shall be finally charged to applicable appropriations or accounts with proper credit to the appropriations or accounts initially utilized for financing purposes: Provided further, That such final charge to applicable appropriations or accounts shall not be required in the case of expenses (other than those provided for under section 2397(a) of this title) incurred in furnishing assistance by the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter where it is determined that the accounting costs of identifying the applicable appropriation or account to which such expenses should be charged would be disproportionate to the advantage to be gained.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §632, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 453; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. III, §302(g), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 460; Pub. L. 90–267, §1(a), Mar. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 47; Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 4, §45(b)(3), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 94–329, title I, §106(b)(4), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 733; Pub. L. 100–690, title IV, §4506, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4286; Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9104(b)(2), Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1152.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (e), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Assignment of Claims Act of 1940, as amended, referred to in subsec. (e), means act Oct. 9, 1940, ch. 779, 54 Stat. 1029, which added the second and third pars. to section 203 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, and the second and third pars. to section 15 of former Title 41, Public Contracts. Section 203 of former Title 31 was repealed by Pub. L. 97–258, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068, and reenacted by the first section thereof as section 3727 of Title 31, Money and Finance. Such second and third pars. were restated in section 3727(b) (last sentence) and (c) of Title 31. Section 15 of former Title 41 was amended generally by Pub. L. 103–355, title II, §2451, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3324, and was repealed and restated as section 6305 of Title 41, Public Contracts, by Pub. L. 111–350, §§3, 7(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677, 3855.

Section 1782(a) of this title, referred to in subsec. (f), was repealed by Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, §642(a)(2), Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 460.

Amendments

1989—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–165 inserted at end of second sentence "(other than salaries of the Armed Forces of the United States and unfunded estimated costs of civilian retirement and other benefits)".

1988—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–690 inserted "or, in the case of services procured from the Department of Defense to carry out part VIII of subchapter I of this chapter, the amount of the additional costs incurred by the Department of Defense in providing such services," after "at actual cost,".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–329, §106(b)(4)(A), inserted "military education and training" after "articles".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–329, §106(b)(4)(B), substituted "defense articles, or military education and training" for "and defense articles".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–329, §106(b)(4)(A), inserted "military education and training" after "articles".

1968—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–629 struck out references to sections 2342 and 2343 of this title in the exception provision.

1967—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–137 substituted reference to sections 2318, 2342, and 2343 for former reference to sections 2315 and 2318 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II, and References to Subchapter II Deemed To Exclude Such Parts

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

Change of Name

"Export-Import Bank of Washington" changed to "Export-Import Bank of the United States" in text to conform to such change in name in the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, section 635 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking, provided for in section 1(a) of Pub. L. 90–267, Mar. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 47.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–629 effective July 1, 1968, see section 41 of Pub. L. 90–629, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2751 of this title.

Accounting Adjustments Between Appropriations

Charge of expenses to appropriation or account not affected by provisions for accounting adjustments between appropriations, see section 3 of Pub. L. 89–473, June 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 221, set out as a note under section 628a of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 2454 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 33: MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM / Section 2454: Administration
Administration
Status: in_force

(a) Delegation of powers; submission of proposal for delegation to Congress

The President may delegate, to such officers of the Government as he determines to be appropriate, any of the powers conferred upon him by this chapter to the extent that he finds such delegation to be in the interest of the purposes expressed in this chapter and the efficient administration of the programs undertaken pursuant to this chapter: Provided, That where the President has delegated any of such powers to any officer, before the President implements any proposal for the delegation of any of such powers to another officer, that proposal shall be submitted to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and thereafter a period of not less than sixty days shall have elapsed while Congress is in session. In computing such sixty days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days.

(b) Employment of personnel

The President is authorized to employ such other personnel as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions and purposes of this chapter, and of such personnel not to exceed ten may be compensated without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, but not in excess of the highest rate of grade 18 of the General Schedule. Such positions shall be in addition to the number authorized by section 5108 of title 5.

(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2205(7), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160

(d) Extension of benefits

For the purpose of performing functions under this chapter outside the United States, the Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized to provide that any person employed or assigned by a United States Government agency shall be entitled, except to the extent that the Director of the United States Information Agency may specify otherwise in cases in which the period of employment or assignment exceeds thirty months, to the same benefits as are provided by section 3950 of this title for individuals appointed to the Foreign Service.

(e) Grants; use of funds, counseling service; publicity and promotion abroad

(1) In providing for the activities and interchanges authorized by section 2452 of this title, grants may be made to or for individuals, either directly or through foundations or educational or other institutions, which foundations or institutions are public or private nonprofit, and may include funds for tuition and other necessary incidental expenses, for travel expenses from their places of residence and return for themselves, and, whenever it would further the purposes of this chapter, for the dependent members of their immediate families, for health and accident insurance premiums, emergency medical expenses, costs of preparing and transporting to their former homes the remains of any of such persons who may die while away from their homes as participants or dependents of participants in any program under this chapter, and for per diem in lieu of subsistence at rates prescribed by the Director of the United States Information Agency, for all such persons, and for such other expenses as are necessary for the successful accomplishment of the purposes of this chapter.

(2) Funds available for programs under this chapter may be used (i) to provide for orientation courses, language training, or other appropriate services and materials for persons traveling out of the countries of their residence for educational and cultural purposes which further the purposes of this chapter, whether or not they are receiving other financial support from the Government, and (ii) to provide or continue services to increase the effectiveness of such programs following the return of such persons to the countries of their residence.

(3) For the purpose of assisting foreign students in making the best use of their opportunities while attending colleges and universities in the United States, and assisting such students in directing their talents and initiative into channels which will make them more effective leaders upon return to their native lands, the Director of the United States Information Agency may make suitable arrangements, by contract or otherwise, for the establishment and maintenance at colleges and universities in the United States attended by foreign students of an adequate counseling service.

(4) The Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized to provide for publicity and promotion (including representation) abroad of activities of the type provided for in this chapter, and of similar services and opportunities for interchange not supported by the United States Government.

(f) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–60, title II, §203(a)(1), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 398

(g) Currency exchange for foreign students and teachers coming temporarily to the United States

(1) For the purpose of performing functions authorized by section 2452(b)(10) of this title, the President is authorized to establish the exchange rates at which all foreign currencies may be acquired through operations under such section, and shall issue regulations binding upon all embassies with respect to the exchange rates to be applicable in each of the respective countries where currency exchanges are authorized under such section.

(2) In performing the functions authorized under section 2452(b)(10) of this title, the President shall make suitable arrangements for protecting the interests of the United States Government in connection with the ownership, use, and disposition of all foreign currencies acquired pursuant to exchanges made under such section.

(3) The total amount of United States dollars acquired by any individual through currency exchanges under the authority of section 2452(b)(10) of this title shall in no event exceed $3,000 during any academic year.

(4) An individual shall be eligible to exchange foreign currency for United States dollars at United States embassies under section 2452(b)(10) of this title only if he gives satisfactory assurances that (A) he will devote essentially full time to his proposed educational activity in the United States and will maintain good standing in relation to such program; (B) he will return to the country of his citizenship or nationality prior to coming to the United States and will render such public service as is determined acceptable for a period of time determined reasonable and necessary by the government of such country; and (C) he will not apply for an immigrant visa or for permanent residence or for a nonimmigrant visa under the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.] after having received any benefits under such section for a period of time equal to the period of study, research, instruction, or other educational activity he performed pursuant to such section.

(5) As used in section 2452(b)(10) of this title, the term "excess foreign currencies" means foreign currencies, which if acquired by the United States (A) would be in excess of the normal requirements of departments, agencies, and embassies of the United States for such currencies, as determined by the President, and (B) would be available for the use of the United States Government under applicable agreements with the foreign country concerned.

(Pub. L. 87–256, §104, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 87–793, §1001(j), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 865; Pub. L. 89–698, title II, §203(b), Oct. 29, 1966, 80 Stat. 1071; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 95–426, title II, §204(a), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 973; Pub. L. 96–60, title II, §203(a)(1), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §§2205(7), 2206(a)(9), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160, 2162; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 103–236, title II, §231, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 424.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), (d), (e)(1), (2), (4), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, known as the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2451 of this title and Tables.

The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(4), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.

Codification

In subsec. (b), "chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5" and "section 5108 of title 5" substituted for "the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" and "section 505 of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. In the original, section 1105 of title 5 read section 505 of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 103–236 inserted before period at end ", and of similar services and opportunities for interchange not supported by the United States Government".

1980—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–465, §2205(7), struck out subsec. (c) which related to employment or assignment of persons in or to Foreign Service Reserve or Foreign Service Staff and alien clerks and employees.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–465, §2206(a)(9), among other changes, substituted reference to section 3950 of this title for reference to section 928 of this title and struck out provisions relating to the applicability of section 807 of this title.

1979—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–60 struck out subsec. (f) relating to investigation-of-employees requirement.

1978—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 95–426 substituted "Director of the International Communication Agency" for "President".

1966—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–698 added subsec. (g).

1962—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–793 substituted "but not in excess of the highest rate of grade 18 of the General Schedule for "and of these not to exceed five may be compensated at a rate in excess of the highest rate provided for grades of the general schedule established by the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, but not in excess of $1,000 per annum more than such highest rate".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–60 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 209 of Pub. L. 96–60, set out as a note under section 1471 of this title.

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 87–793 effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after Oct. 11, 1962, see Pub. L. 87–793, §1008, Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 868.

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. "Director of the United States Information Agency" substituted for "Director of the International Communication Agency" in subsecs. (d) and (e)(1), (3), and (4), pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97–241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. Previously, "Director of the International Communication Agency" substituted for "Secretary of State" in subsec. (c) and for "President" in subsecs. (d), (e)(3), (4), pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, §7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, set out under section 1461 of this title, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time as specified by President, which transferred functions vested in President, Secretary of State, Department of State, United States Information Agency or Director thereof, under this chapter, to Director of International Communication Agency, except (A) for such functions as are vested by subsecs. (a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g) of this section, sections 2452(b)(6), (10), 2455(a), (b), (c), 2456(a) and 2458 of this title, (B) for such functions as are vested by subsec. (b) of this section and sections 2455(d)(2), (f), and 2456(d), (f) of this title, to the extent that such functions were assigned to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Secretary of Education] immediately prior to effective date of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, and (C) for such functions as are vested by section 2456(b), (c) of this title to the extent that any such function therein is vested in President or Secretary of State.

For transfer of functions and offices (relating to education) of Secretary and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to Secretary and Department of Education, and termination of certain offices and positions under Ex. Ord. No. 11034, June 25, 1962, as amended, set out under this section, see sections 3441 and 3503 of Title 20, Education.

References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates

References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 11034. Administration of Programs

Ex. Ord. No. 11034, June 25, 1962, 27 F.R. 6071, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11380, Nov. 8, 1967, 32 F.R. 15627; Ex. Ord. No. 12292, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13967; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (Public Law 87–256; 75 Stat. 527; hereinafter referred to as the Act) [this chapter] and as President of the United States, I find that the delegations set forth in this order are in the interest of the purposes expressed in the said Act and the efficient administration of the programs undertaken pursuant to that Act and determine that the delegates specified in the order are appropriate and I hereby order as follows:

Section 1. Department of State. (a) The following functions conferred upon the President by the Act are hereby delegated to the Secretary of State:

(1) The functions so conferred by Sections 102(a)(1), 102(a)(2)(i), (ii), and (iv), 102(b)(3), (5) and (9), 103, 104(e)(3), and 105(d)(1) and (e) of the Act [sections 2452(a)(1), (2)(i), (ii), (iv), (b)(3), (5), (9), 2453, subsec. (e)(3) of this section, and 2455(d)(1), (e) of this title].

(2) The functions so conferred by Sections 102(a)(2)(iii) and (b)(1), (2), (4), (7) and (8) of the Act (the provisions of Section 2(a) of this order notwithstanding) [section 2452(a)(2)(iii), (b)(1), (2), (4), (7), (8) of this title].

(3) The functions so conferred by Section 102(a)(3) of the Act [section 2452(a)(3) of this title] to the extent that they pertain to liquidation of affairs respecting the Universal and International Exhibition of Brussels, 1958.

(4) The functions so conferred by Sections 104(d) and (e)(4) and 108(c) and (d) of the Act [subsecs. (d), (e)(4) of this section and section 2458(c), (d) of this title] to the extent that they pertain to the functions delegated by the foregoing provisions of this section.

(5) The function so conferred by Section 104(e)(1) of the Act [subsec. (e)(1) of this section] of prescribing rates for per diem in lieu of subsistence; but in carrying out the said function as it relates to functions herein delegated to the Director of the United States Information Agency or the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of State shall consult with them.

(b) The Secretary of State, in collaboration with the Director of the United States Information Agency, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Education with respect to the functions delegated by Sections 2, 3, and 4, respectively, of this order, shall prepare and transmit to the President the reports which the President is required to submit to the Congress by Section 108(b) of the Act [section 2458(b) of this title], excluding, however, the reports for which the Director of the United States Information Agency is responsible under section 2(b) of this order.

(c) With respect to the carrying out of functions under Section 102(a)(2)(ii) of the Act [section 2452(a)(2)(ii) of this title] hereinabove delegated to the Secretary of State, the Director of the United States Information Agency shall participate in the planning of cultural and other attractions. Such participation shall include consultation in connection with (1) the selection and scheduling of such attractions, and (2) the designation of the areas where the attractions will be presented.

Sec. 2. United States Information Agency. (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this order, the following functions conferred upon the President by the Act are hereby delegated to the Director of the United States Information Agency:

(1) The functions so conferred by Sections 102(a)(2)(iii) and (b)(1) [section 2452(a)(2)(iii), (b)(1) of this title]; Section 102(b)(2) [section 2452(b)(2) of this title] to the extent that it authorizes the type of centers now supported by the United States Information Agency abroad and designated as binational, community, or student centers; section 102(b)(4) [section 2452(b)(4) of this title] exclusive of professorships and lectureships; and Sections 102(b)(7) and (8) of the Act [section 2452(b)(7), (8) of this title]; all of the foregoing notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1(a)(2) of this order.

(2) The functions so conferred by Section 104(e)(4) of the Act [subsec. (e)(4) of this section] (the provisions of Sections 1(a)(4) and 3(b) of this order notwithstanding).

(3) The functions so conferred by Section 102(a)(3) of the Act [section 2452(a)(3) of this title] to the extent that they are in respect of fairs, expositions, and demonstrations held outside of the United States, but exclusive of the functions delegated by the provisions of Section 1(a)(3) of this order.

(4) The functions so conferred by Sections 104(d) and 108(c) and (d) of the Act [subsec. (d) of this section and section 2458(c), (d) of this title] to the extent that they pertain to the functions delegated by the foregoing provisions of this section.

(b) The Director of the United States Information Agency shall prepare and transmit to the President the reports which the President is required to submit to the Congress by section 108(b) of the Act [section 2458(b) of this title] to the extent that they are with respect to activities carried out by the United States Information Agency pursuant to section 102(a)(2)(iii) and section 102(a)(3) of the Act [section 2452(a)(2)(iii) and (a)(3) of this title].

(c) The functions so conferred by Section 102(a)(3) of the Act [section 2452(a)(3) of this title] to the extent that they are in respect of fairs, expositions, and demonstrations held outside of the United States, but exclusive of the functions delegated by the provisions of Section 1(a)(3) of this order.

(d) The functions so conferred by Sections 104(d) and 108(c) and (d) of the Act [subsec. (d) of this section and section 2458(c), (d) of this title] to the extent that they pertain to the functions delegated by the foregoing provisions of this section.

Sec. 3. Department of Commerce. Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this order, the following functions conferred upon the President by the Act are hereby delegated to the Secretary of Commerce:

(a) The functions so conferred by Section 102(a)(3) of the Act [section 2452(a)(3) of this title] to the extent that they are in respect of fairs, expositions, and demonstrations held in the United States.

(b) The functions so conferred by Sections 104(e)(4) and 108(c) of the act [subsec. (e)(4) of this section and section 2458(c) of this title] to the extent that they pertain to the functions delegated by the foregoing provisions of this section.

Sec. 4 Department of Education. Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this order, the functions conferred upon the President by Section 102(b)(6) of the Act [section 2452(b)(6) of this title] are hereby delegated to the Secretary of Education.

Sec. 5. Certain incidental matters. (a) In respect of functions hereinabove delegated to them, there is hereby delegated to the Secretary of State, the Director of the United States Information Agency, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Education, respectively:

(1) The authority conferred upon the President by Sections 105(d)(2) and (f) and 106(d) and (f) of the Act [sections 2455(d)(2), (f) and 2456(d), (f) of this title].

(2) Subject to the provisions of Section 5(b) and (c) of this order, the authority conferred upon the President by Section 104(b) of the Act [subsec. (b) of this section] to employ personnel.

(b) The employment, by any department or other executive agency under Section 5(a)(2) of this order, of any of the not to exceed ten persons who may be compensated with regard to the Classification Act of 1949 [chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] under Section 104(b) of the Act [subsec. (b) of this section] shall require prior authorization by the Secretary of State concurred in by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(c) Persons employed or assigned by a department or other executive agency for the purpose of performing functions under the Act outside the United States shall be entitled, except in cases in which the period of employment or assignment exceeds thirty months, to the same benefits as are provided by section 310 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3950). In cases in which the period of employment or assignment exceeds thirty months, persons so employed or assigned shall be entitled to such benefits if agreed by the agency in which such benefits may be exercised.

(d) Pursuant to Section 104(f) of the Act [subsec. (f) of this section], Executive Order No. 10450 of April 27, 1953 (18 F.R. 2489) [set out as a note under section 7311 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] is hereby established as the standards and procedures for the employment or assignment to duties of persons under the Act.

(e) Any officer to whom functions vested in the President by the Act are hereinabove delegated may (1) allocate to any other officer of the executive branch of the Government any funds appropriated or otherwise made available for the functions so delegated to him as he may deem appropriate for the best carrying out of the functions and (2) make available, for use in connection with any funds so allocated by him, any authority he has under this order.

Sec. 6. Policy guidance. In order to assure appropriate coordination of programs, and taking into account the statutory functions of the departments and other executive agencies concerned, the Secretary of State shall exercise primary responsibility for Government-wide leadership and policy guidance with regard to international educational and cultural affairs.

Sec. 7. Functions reserved to the President. (a) There are hereby excluded from the functions delegated by the provisions of this order the functions conferred upon the President with respect to (1) the delegation of powers under Section 104(a) of the Act [subsec. (a) of this section], (2) the establishment of standards and procedures for the investigation of personnel under Section 104(f) of the Act [subsec. (f) of this section], (3) the transfer of appropriations under Section 105(c) of the Act [section 2455(c) of this title], (4) the appointment of members of the Board of Foreign Scholarships under Section 106(a)(1) of the Act [section 2456(a)(1) of this title], (5) the appointment of members, the designation of a chairman, and the receipt of recommendations of the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs under Section 106(b) of the Act [section 2456(b) of this title], (6) the waiver of provisions of law or limitations of authority under Section 108(a) of the Act [section 2458(a) of this title], and (7) the submission of annual reports to the Congress under Section 108(b) of the Act [section 2458(b) of this title].

(b) Notwithstanding the delegations made by this order, the President may in his discretion exercise any function comprehended by such delegations.

Sec. 8. Waivers. (a) It is hereby determined that the performance by any department or other executive agency of functions authorized by Sections 102(a)(2) and 102(a)(3) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2452(a)(2) and (3)) without regard to prohibitions and limitations of authority contained in the following-specified provisions of law is in furtherance of the purposes of the Act:

(1) Section 15 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (c. 744, August 2, 1946; 60 Stat. 810), as amended (5 U.S.C. 55a) [section 3109(b) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] (experts and consultants; but the compensation paid individuals in pursuance of this paragraph shall not exceed the rate of $100.00 per diem.

(2) Section 16(a) of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (c. 744, August 2, 1946; 60 Stat. 810; 5 U.S.C. 78) [section 1343, 1344, and 1349(b) of Title 31, Money and Finance] to the extent that it pertains to hiring automobiles and aircraft.

(3) Section 3648 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 529) [section 3324(a) and (b) of Title 31] (advance of funds).

(4) Section 322 of the Act of June 30, 1932, c. 314, 47 Stat. 412 ([former] 40 U.S.C. 278a) (maximum charges).

(5) Section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (41 U.S.C. 5) (competitive bids).

(6) Section 3710 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 8) (opening of bids).

(7) Section 2 of the Act of March 3, 1933, c. 212, 47 Stat. 1520 (41 U.S.C. 10a) (Buy American Act).

(8) Section 3735 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 13) (contracts limited to one year).

(9) Sections 302–305 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (June 30, 1949, c. 288, 63 Stat. 393 et seq.), as amended (41 U.S.C. 252–255) (competitive bids; negotiated contracts; advances).

(10) Section 87 of the Act of January 12, 1895, c. 23, 28 Stat. 622, and the second proviso of Section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1919, c. 86, 40 Stat. 1270, as amended (44 U.S.C. 111) [section 501 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents] to the extent that they pertain to printing by the Government Printing Office [now Government Publishing Office].

(11) Section 1 of the Act of June 20, 1978, c. 359, 20 Stat. 216, as amended (44 U.S.C. 322) [section 3703 of Title 44] (advertising).

(12) Section 3828 of the Revised Statutes (44 U.S.C. 324) [section 3702 of Title 44] (advertising).

(13) Section 901(a) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 (June 29, 1936, c. 858, 49 Stat. 2015, as amended; 46 U.S.C. [App.] 1241(a)) [now 46 U.S.C. 55302] (official travel overseas of United States officers and employees, and transportation of their personal effects, on ships registered under the laws of the United States).

(14) Any provision of law or limitation of authority to the extent that such provision or limitation would limit or prohibit construction of buildings by the United States on property not owned by it.

(15) Any provision of law or limitation of authority to the extent that such provision or limitation would limit or prohibit (i) receipt of admission fees or payments under contracts through advances or otherwise, for concessions, services, space, or other consideration, and the credit of such receipts to the applicable appropriation, and (ii) rental or lease for periods not exceeding ten years of buildings and grounds.

(b) It is directed (1) that all waivers of statutes and limitations of authority effected by the foregoing provisions of this section shall be utilized in a prudent manner and as sparingly as may be practical, and (2) that suitable steps shall be taken by the administrative agencies concerned to insure that result, including, as may be appropriate, the imposition of administrative limitations in lieu of waived statutory requirements and limitations of authority.

Sec. 9. Definition. As used in this order, the word "function" or "functions" includes any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, discretion, or activity.

Sec. 10. References to orders and acts. Except as may for any reason be inappropriate:

(a) References in this order to the Act or any provision of the Act shall be deemed to include references thereto as amended from time to time.

(b) References in this order to any prior Executive order not superseded by this order shall be deemed to include references thereto as amended from time to time.

(c) References in this order to this order shall be deemed to include references thereto as amended from time to time.

Sec. 11. Prior directives and actions. (a) This order supersedes Executive Order No. 10716 of June 17, 1957, and Executive Order No. 10912 of January 18, 1961. Except to the extent that they may be inconsistent with law or with this order, other directives, regulations, and actions relating to the functions delegated by this order and in force immediately prior to the issuance of this order shall remain in effect until amended, modified, or revoked by appropriate authority.

(b) This order shall neither limit nor be limited by Executive Order No. 11014 of April 17, 1962 [formerly set out under this section].

(c) To the extent not heretofore superseded, there are hereby superseded the provisions of the letters of the President to the Director of the United States Information Agency dated August 16, 1955, and August 21, 1956 (22 F.R. 101–103).

Sec. 12. Effective date. The provisions of this order shall be effective immediately.

[For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]

Ex. Ord. No. 11380. Amending Prior Executive Orders Relating to Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange and to Allowances and Benefits for Government Personnel on Overseas Duty

Ex. Ord. No. 11380, Nov. 8, 1967, 32 F.R. 15627, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (75 Stat. 527; 22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.) and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

Part I—Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange

Section 101. [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 11034, set out above.]

Sec. 2 [sic]. It is hereby determined that the performance by any department or other executive agency of functions authorized by sections 102(a)(2) and 102(a)(3) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2452(a)(2) and (3)) without regard to the provisions and limitations referred to in section (8)(a)(15) of Executive Order No. 11034 of June 25, 1962 (to the extent set forth in the latter section) is in furtherance of the purposes of that Act.

Part II—Approval of Certain Regulations Relating to Living Quarters

Sec. 201. [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 10903, set out as a note under section 5921 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.]

Lyndon B. Johnson.      

[For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title.]

Ex. Ord. No. 11770. Delegation of Functions Respecting International Symposium on Geothermal Energy—1975

Ex. Ord. No. 11770, Feb. 21, 1974, 39 F.R. 7127, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 104 of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2454; hereinafter referred to as the act), and section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized, with respect to the International Symposium on Geothermal Energy to be held in San Francisco, California, in May 1975, to perform the functions conferred by section 102(b)(5), (7), and (8) of the act [section 2452(b)(5), (7) and (8) of this title].

Sec. 2. I find that the delegation made by section 1 of this order is in the interest of the purposes expressed in the act and the efficient administration of the International Symposium on Geothermal Energy.

Sec. 3. The delegation made by this order shall become effective upon the expiration of sixty days while the Congress is in session. In computing that sixty days, there shall be excluded days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days.

Richard Nixon.
22 U.S.C. § 9113 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 98: INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION AND RETURN / Subchapter I: DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACTIONS / Section 9113: Bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding
Bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding
Status: in_force

(a) Development

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after August 8, 2014, the Secretary of State shall initiate a process to develop and enter into appropriate bilateral procedures, including memoranda of understanding, as appropriate, with non-Convention countries that are unlikely to become Convention countries in the foreseeable future, or with Convention countries that have unresolved abduction cases that occurred before the Hague Abduction Convention entered into force with respect to the United States or that country.

(2) Prioritization

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary of State shall give priority to countries with significant abduction cases and related issues.

(b) Elements

The bilateral procedures described in subsection (a) should include provisions relating to—

(1) the identification of—

(A) the Central Authority;

(B) the judicial or administrative authority that will promptly adjudicate abduction and access cases;

(C) the law enforcement agencies; and

(D) the implementation of procedures to ensure the immediate enforcement of an order issued by the authority identified pursuant to subparagraph (B) to return an abducted child to a left-behind parent, including by—

(i) conducting an investigation to ascertain the location of the abducted child;

(ii) providing protection to the abducted child after such child is located; and

(iii) retrieving the abducted child and making the appropriate arrangements for such child to be returned to the child's country of habitual residence;

(2) the implementation of a protocol to effectuate the return of an abducted child identified in an abduction case not later than 6 weeks after the application with respect to the abduction case has been submitted to the judicial or administrative authority, as applicable, of the country in which the abducted child is located;

(3) the implementation of a protocol for the establishment and protection of the rights of interim contact during pendency of abduction cases; and

(4) the implementation of a protocol to establish periodic visits between a United States embassy or consular official and an abducted child, in order to allow the official to ascertain the child's location and welfare.

(Pub. L. 113–150, title I, §103, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1815.)
22 U.S.C. § 8514 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 92: COMPREHENSIVE IRAN SANCTIONS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND DIVESTMENT / Subchapter I: SANCTIONS / Section 8514: Imposition of sanctions on certain persons who are responsible for or complicit in human rights abuses committed against citizens of Iran or their family members after the June 12, 2009, elections in Iran
Imposition of sanctions on certain persons who are responsible for or complicit in human rights abuses committed against citizens of Iran or their family members after the June 12, 2009, elections in Iran
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President shall impose sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each person on the list required by subsection (b).

(b) List of persons who are responsible for or complicit in certain human rights abuses

(1) In general

Not later than 90 days after July 1, 2010, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a list of persons who are officials of the Government of Iran or persons acting on behalf of that Government (including members of paramilitary organizations such as Ansar-e-Hezbollah and Basij-e Mostaz'afin), that the President determines, based on credible evidence, are responsible for or complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses against citizens of Iran or their family members on or after June 12, 2009, regardless of whether such abuses occurred in Iran.

(2) Updates of list

The President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an updated list under paragraph (1)—

(A) not later than 270 days after July 1, 2010, and every 180 days thereafter; and

(B) as new information becomes available.

(3) Form of report; public availability

(A) Form

The list required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.

(B) Public availability

The unclassified portion of the list required by paragraph (1) shall be made available to the public and posted on the websites of the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State.

(4) Consideration of data from other countries and nongovernmental organizations

In preparing the list required by paragraph (1), the President shall consider credible data already obtained by other countries and nongovernmental organizations, including organizations in Iran, that monitor the human rights abuses of the Government of Iran.

(c) Sanctions described

The sanctions described in this subsection are ineligibility for a visa to enter the United States and sanctions pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), including blocking of property and restrictions or prohibitions on financial transactions and the exportation and importation of property, subject to such regulations as the President may prescribe, including regulatory exceptions to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, and other applicable international obligations.

(d) Termination of sanctions

The provisions of this section shall terminate on the date on which the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the Government of Iran has—

(1) unconditionally released all political prisoners, including the citizens of Iran detained in the aftermath of the June 12, 2009, presidential election in Iran;

(2) ceased its practices of violence, unlawful detention, torture, and abuse of citizens of Iran while engaging in peaceful political activity;

(3) conducted a transparent investigation into the killings, arrests, and abuse of peaceful political activists that occurred in the aftermath of the June 12, 2009, presidential election in Iran and prosecuted the individuals responsible for such killings, arrests, and abuse; and

(4) made public commitments to, and is making demonstrable progress toward—

(A) establishing an independent judiciary; and

(B) respecting the human rights and basic freedoms recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

(Pub. L. 111–195, title I, §105, July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1335.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Ex. Ord. No. 13553, §§5–7, Sept. 28, 2010, 75 F.R. 60568, 60569, authorized the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to employ all powers granted to the President by subsecs. (a) to (c) of this section and to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of Ex. Ord. No. 13553, except that (1) the Secretary of State is authorized to exercise the functions and authorities conferred upon the President by subsec. (a) with respect to imposition of the visa sanctions described in subsec. (c) and is further authorized to exercise the functions and authorities conferred upon the President by subsec. (c) with respect to the promulgation of rules and regulations related to the visa sanctions described therein; and (2) the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, is authorized to submit to Congress, as required by subsec. (b), the initial and updated lists of persons subject to visa sanctions and blockage of property pursuant to Ex. Ord. No. 13553.
22 U.S.C. § 9301 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 100: GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY / Section 9301: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress finds that a comprehensive approach to sustainable food and nutrition security should not only respond to emergency food shortages, but should also address malnutrition, resilience to food and nutrition insecurity, building the capacity of poor, rural populations to improve their agricultural productivity and incomes, removing institutional impediments to agricultural development, value chain access and efficiency, including processing and storage, enhancing agribusiness development, access to markets and activities that address the specific needs and barriers facing women and small-scale producers, education, and collaborative research.

(Pub. L. 114–195, §2, July 20, 2016, 130 Stat. 675; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5588(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3375.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–263 substituted "Congress finds that a comprehensive" for "Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (referred to in this section as the 'FAO'), 805,000,000 people worldwide suffer from chronic hunger. Hunger and malnutrition rob people of health and productive lives and stunt the mental and physical development of future generations.

"(2) According to the January 2014 'Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community'—

"(A) the '[l]ack of adequate food will be a destabilizing factor in countries important to US national security that do not have the financial or technical abilities to solve their internal food security problems'; and

"(B) '[f]ood and nutrition insecurity in weakly governed countries might also provide opportunities for insurgent groups to capitalize on poor conditions, exploit international food aid, and discredit governments for their inability to address basic needs'.

"(3) A comprehensive".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2018 Amendment

Pub. L. 115–266, §1, Oct. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 3755, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 2292a, 9305, and 9307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Global Food Security Reauthorization Act of 2017'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 114–195, §1, July 20, 2016, 130 Stat. 675, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and amending sections 2292 and 2292a of this title] may be cited as the 'Global Food Security Act of 2016'."

Global Malnutrition Prevention and Treatment

Pub. L. 117–214, Oct. 19, 2022, 136 Stat. 2252, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Global Malnutrition Prevention and Treatment Act of 2021'.

"SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION OF EFFORTS TO PREVENT AND TREAT MALNUTRITION GLOBALLY.

"(a) In General.—The Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, is authorized and encouraged to support efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by—

"(1) targeting resources and nutrition interventions to support the most vulnerable populations susceptible to severe malnutrition, including children under the age of 5 and pregnant and lactating women;

"(2) increasing coverage, particularly in priority countries, of nutrition interventions that include coordinated deployment of prenatal nutrient supplements, breastfeeding support, vitamin A supplementation, specialized nutritious food products for the treatment of acute malnutrition, and other evidence-based interventions, as appropriate;

"(3) increasing the use of context and country-appropriate fortification of staples and condiments with essential nutrients;

"(4) advancing evidence-based programs and interventions carried out using data-driven approaches, best practices, and targeted to country-specific contexts and needs;

"(5) supporting partner governments to develop policies to prevent and treat malnutrition;

"(6) leveraging investments to strengthen health systems, including to support community health workers to advance improved nutrition outcomes;

"(7) improve diets through safe, affordable, nutritious foods in the food system; and

"(8) ensuring rigorous monitoring and evaluation of such efforts.

"(b) External Coordination Efforts Related to Nutrition Programs.—The Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, should coordinate, as appropriate, with bilateral and multilateral donors, governments of partner countries, United Nations agencies, civil society organizations, nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations, and the private sector to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by supporting efforts to—

"(1) build the capacity of local and community-based organizations and governments of partner countries to ensure sustainability of nutrition interventions;

"(2) expand research and innovation to identify and increase effective and evidence-based nutrition interventions based on country-specific contexts;

"(3) improve coordination and structure of supply chains for nutrition interventions;

"(4) expand domestic resource mobilization and domestic financing for nutrition interventions; and

"(5) seek to leverage additional resources and encourage investment into innovative and multi-stakeholder finance partnerships to advance burden sharing in nutrition-related assistance.

"(c) Interagency Efforts.—In carrying out subsections (a) and (b), the Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, consistent with the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan, shall seek to leverage additional resources to prevent and treat malnutrition globally, including by—

"(1) increasing cooperation among relevant Federal departments and agencies represented in the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan to better leverage grants, technical assistance, debt, equity, loan guaranties, and public-private partnerships; and

"(2) utilizing the Administrator's role as a member of the Board of Directors of the United States International Development Finance Corporation to consider opportunities within the Corporation's development impact framework that support improved nutrition outcomes.

"SEC. 3. SELECTION OF PRIORITY COUNTRIES.

"(a) In General.—The Administrator, in coordination with the Nutrition Leadership Council, shall select foreign countries as priority countries for purposes of targeting programs to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.

"(b) Criteria.—The selection of priority countries under subsection (a) shall be based on the following:

"(1) The prevalence of severe malnutrition among children under the age of 5 and pregnant and lactating women.

"(2) The presence of high-need, underserved, marginalized, vulnerable, or impoverished communities.

"(3) The enabling environment for improved nutrition, including presence of national nutrition plans and demonstration of strong political commitment.

"(4) Any other criteria that the Administrator determines to be appropriate.

"(c) Updates.—The Administrator shall update the selection of priority countries under subsection (a) not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 2022].

"(d) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should continue to undertake nutrition interventions in countries not selected as priority countries, particularly in contexts in which opportunities are identified to advance multi-sectoral development programming and integrate efforts to prevent and treat global malnutrition with other priority areas and program objectives.

"SEC. 4. NUTRITION LEADERSHIP COUNCIL.

"(a) Establishment.—The Administrator is authorized to establish in the United States Agency for International Development the Nutrition Leadership Council (in this section referred to as the 'Council'), which shall coordinate Agency efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.

"(b) Duties.—The duties of the Council shall include—

"(1) advancing United States Agency for International Development efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition globally;

"(2) ensuring nutrition interventions, particularly in priority countries, are carried out in close coordination with other relevant United States Government strategies and policies and provisions of law, including—

"(A) the Global Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9301 et seq.);

"(B) the Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2014 [Pub. L. 113–289] (22 U.S.C. 2151 note) [see Short Title of 2014 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title];

"(C) the Global Child Thrive Act of 2020 (subtitle I of title XII of division A of Public Law 116–283) [see Short Title of 2021 Amendment note set out under section 2151 of this title]; and

"(D) the Global Fragility Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 9801 et seq.); and

"(3) ensuring nutrition interventions are coordinated with nutrition programs carried out by other relevant Federal departments and agencies.

"(c) Membership.—The Council shall include representatives of the following bureaus and independent offices of the United States Agency for International Development:

"(1) The Bureau for Global Health.

"(2) The Bureau for Resilience and Food Security.

"(3) The Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance.

"(4) Any other relevant bureau or independent office that the Administrator determines to be appropriate.

"SEC. 5. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 260 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 2022], the Administrator, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall develop and submit to the appropriate congressional committees an implementation plan for programs to prevent and treat malnutrition globally described in section 2.

"(b) Matters To Be Included.—The implementation plan required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

"(1) A description of specific and measurable goals, objectives, and performance metrics with respect to such programs, including clear benchmarks and intended timelines for achieving such goals and objectives.

"(2) A description of monitoring and evaluation plans with respect to such programs, as appropriate.

"(3) In priority countries, a description of efforts to ensure that nutrition is adequately addressed in the Country Development Cooperation Strategy to the extent practicable and identify opportunities to expand efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition, including through leveraging existing health and development programs and other ongoing activities.

"(c) Consultation.—The implementation plan required by subsection (a) shall be developed in consultation with, as appropriate and to the extent possible, representatives of nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations, civil society organizations, multilateral organizations and donors, relevant private, academic, and philanthropic entities, and the appropriate congressional committees.

"SEC. 6. REPORT.

"(a) In General.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes progress made towards preventing and treating malnutrition globally.

"(b) Matters To Be Included.—The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

"(1) A summary of progress made towards achieving the specific and measurable goals, objectives, and performance metrics towards ending global malnutrition.

"(2) In priority countries—

"(A) a detailed summary of nutrition programs and activities in the previous fiscal year, including a breakdown of the countries to which nutrition resources have been allocated and an estimated number of people reached through nutrition interventions; and

"(B) an [sic] description of the coordination of nutrition programs with other health and development programs and priorities.

"(3) A summary of efforts to expand research and innovation to development and scale up new tools to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.

"(4) An assessment of the collaboration and coordination of nutrition efforts of the United States Agency for International Development with United Nations agencies, the World Bank, other donor governments, host country governments, civil society, and the private sector, as appropriate.

"(5) A description of other donor country and host country financial commitments and efforts to prevent and treat malnutrition.

"(6) An identification of constraints on implementation of programs and activities and lessons learned from programs and activities from the previous fiscal years.

"(c) Inclusion in Other Reports.—The Administrator may include the report required by subsection (a) as a component of other congressionally mandated reports provided to appropriate congressional committees, as appropriate.

"SEC. 7. COMPLIANCE WITH THE FOREIGN AID TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2016.

[Amended provisions set out as a note under section 2394c of this title.]

"SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS.

"In this Act:

"(1) Administrator.—The term 'Administrator' means the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development.

"(2) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.

"(3) Nutrition leadership council.—The term 'Nutrition Leadership Council' means Nutrition Leadership Council established by section 4.

"(4) Priority country.—The term 'priority country' means a foreign country selected under section 3 for purposes of targeting programs to prevent and treat malnutrition globally.

"SEC. 9. SUNSET.

"The requirements of this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 2022]."
22 U.S.C. § 3202 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 47: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION / Section 3202: Congressional statement of purpose
Congressional statement of purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this chapter to promote the policies set forth above by—

(a) establishing a more effective framework for international cooperation to meet the energy needs of all nations and to ensure that the worldwide development of peaceful nuclear activities and the export by any nation of nuclear materials and equipment and nuclear technology intended for use in peaceful nuclear activities do not contribute to proliferation;

(b) authorizing the United States to take such actions as are required to ensure that it will act reliably in meeting its commitment to supply nuclear reactors and fuel to nations which adhere to effective non-proliferation policies;

(c) providing incentives to the other nations of the world to join in such international cooperative efforts and to ratify the Treaty; and

(d) ensuring effective controls by the United States over its exports of nuclear materials and equipment and of nuclear technology.

(Pub. L. 95–242, §3, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, known as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Mar. 10, 1978, except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242, set out as a note under section 3201 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 809 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 809: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section 809, acts Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title X, §1021, 60 Stat. 1031; Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–723, §48, 74 Stat. 847, set forth provisions respecting acceptance of gifts on behalf of United States.

Section 810, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title X, §1031, 60 Stat. 1032, authorized Secretary to retain attorneys.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 10010 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 107: SUDAN DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND FISCAL TRANSPARENCY / Section 10010: Limitation on assistance to the Sudanese security and intelligence services
Limitation on assistance to the Sudanese security and intelligence services
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President may not provide assistance (other than assistance authorized under section 10005 of this title) to the Sudanese security and intelligence services until the President submits to Congress a certification that the Government of Sudan has met the conditions described in subsection (c).

(b) Exception; waiver

(1) Exception

The Secretary of State may, as appropriate and notwithstanding any other provision of law, provide assistance for the purpose of professionalizing the Sudanese security and intelligence services, through institutions such as the Africa Center for Strategic Studies and the United States Institute of Peace.

(2) Waiver

The President may waive the limitation on the provision of assistance under subsection (a) if, not later than 30 days before the assistance is to be provided, the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—

(A) a list of the activities and participants to which such waiver would apply;

(B) a justification that the waiver is in the national security interest of the United States; and

(C) a certification that the participants have met the requirements of either section 2378d of this title for programs funded through Department of State appropriations or section 362 of title 10 for programs funded through Department of Defense appropriations.

(c) Conditions

(1) In general

The conditions described in this subsection are that the Sudanese security and intelligence services—

(A) have demonstrated progress in undertaking security sector reform, including reforms that professionalize such security and intelligence services, improve transparency, and reforms to the laws governing the Sudanese security forces, such as of the National Security Act, 2010 and the Armed Forces Act, 2007;

(B) support efforts to respect human rights, including religious freedom, and hold accountable any members of such security and intelligence services responsible for human rights violations and abuses, including by taking demonstrable steps to cooperate with local or international mechanisms of accountability, to ensure that those responsible for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide committed in Sudan are brought to justice;

(C) are under civilian oversight, subject to the rule of law, and are not undertaking actions to undermine a civilian-led transitional government or an elected civilian government;

(D) have refrained from targeted attacks against religious or ethnic minority groups, have negotiated in good faith during the peace process and constructively participated in the implementation of any resulting peace agreements, and do not impede inclusive political participation;

(E) allow unfettered humanitarian access by United Nations organizations and specialized agencies and domestic and international humanitarian organizations to civilian populations in conflict-affected areas;

(F) cooperate with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and organizations affiliated with the United Nations to allow for the protection of displaced persons and the safe, voluntary, sustainable, and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons; and

(G) take constructive steps to investigate all reports of unlawful recruitment of children by Sudanese security forces and prosecute those found to be responsible.

(2) Form

The certification described in subsection (a) containing the conditions described in paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.

(d) Sunset

This section shall terminate on the date that is the earlier of—

(1) the date that is 2 years after January 1, 2021; or

(2) the date on which the President determines that a successful rotation of military to civilian leadership in the Sovereignty Council has occurred.

(Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1270A, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3974.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Security Act, 2010, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A), was passed by the National Assembly of Sudan and entered into force on Jan. 28, 2010.

The Armed Forces Act, 2007, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A), was passed by the National Assembly of Sudan and entered into force on Dec. 17, 2007. The Act was amended in July 2013.
22 U.S.C. § 5731 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 66: UNITED STATES-HONG KONG POLICY / Subchapter III: REPORTING PROVISIONS / Section 5731: Reporting requirement
Reporting requirement
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not later than March 31, 2019, and annually thereafter through 2024, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on conditions in Hong Kong of interest to the United States. This report shall cover (in the case of the initial report) the period since October 5, 1992, or (in the case of subsequent reports) the period since the most recent report pursuant to this section and shall describe—

(1) significant developments in United States relations with Hong Kong, including a description of agreements that have entered into force between the United States and Hong Kong;

(2) other matters, including developments related to the change in the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, affecting United States interests in Hong Kong or United States relations with Hong Kong;

(3) the nature and extent of United States-Hong Kong cultural, education, scientific, and academic exchanges, both official and unofficial;

(4) the laws of the United States with respect to which the application of section 5721(a) of this title has been suspended pursuant to section 5722(a) of this title or with respect to which such a suspension has been terminated pursuant to section 5722(d) of this title, and the reasons for the suspension or termination, as the case may be;

(5) treaties and other international agreements with respect to which the President has made a determination described in the last sentence of section 5721(b) of this title, and the reasons for each such determination;

(6) significant problems in cooperation between Hong Kong and the United States in the area of export controls;

(7) the development of democratic institutions in Hong Kong; and

(8) the nature and extent of Hong Kong's participation in multilateral forums.

(b) Form

The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and shall be published on a publicly available website of the Department of State.

(c) Appropriate congressional committees

In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.

(Pub. L. 102–383, title III, §301, Oct. 5, 1992, 106 Stat. 1453; Pub. L. 104–107, title V, §576(a), Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 107–115, title V, §586(a), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2173; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XII, §1256, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2056.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, in introductory provisions substituted "Not later than March 31, 2019, and annually thereafter through 2024," for "Not later than March 31, 1993, March 31, 1995, March 31, 1996, March 31, 1997, March 31, 1998, March 31, 1999, March 31, 2000, March 31, 2001, March 31, 2002, March 31, 2003, March 31, 2004, March 31, 2005, and March 31, 2006" and "submit to the appropriate congressional committees" for "transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate", and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

2002—Pub. L. 107–115 substituted "March 31, 2000, March 31, 2001, March 31, 2002, March 31, 2003, March 31, 2004, March 31, 2005, and March 31, 2006" for "and March 31, 2000," in introductory provisions.

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–107 inserted "March 31, 1996," after "March 31, 1995," in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Extension of Reporting Time

Pub. L. 107–115, title V, §586(b), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2173, provided that: "The requirement in section 301 of the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act [22 U.S.C. 5731], as amended by subsection (a), that a report under that section shall be transmitted not later than March 31, 2001, shall be considered satisfied by the transmittal of such report by August 7, 2001."

Report on Sino-British Joint Declaration on Question of Hong Kong

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(c) [title V, §571], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–167, which directed that the additional report required to be submitted during 1997 under this section include detailed information on the status of, and other developments affecting, implementation of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, was from the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1997, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriations acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 104–107, title V, §576(b), Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 750.
22 U.S.C. § 3965 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IV: COMPENSATION / Section 3965: Performance pay
Performance pay
Status: in_force

(a) Eligibility; additional lump sum payment; excessive compensation not precluding award

Subject to subsection (e), members of the Senior Foreign Service who are serving—

(1) under career or career candidate appointments, or

(2) under limited appointments with reemployment rights under section 3950 of this title as career appointees in the Senior Executive Service,

shall be eligible to compete for performance pay in accordance with this section. Performance pay shall be paid in a lump sum and shall be in addition to the basic salary prescribed under section 3962 of this title and any other award. The fact that a member of the Senior Foreign Service competing for performance pay would, as a result of the payment of such performance pay, receive compensation exceeding the compensation of any other member of the Service shall not preclude the award or its payment.

(b) Criteria; limitations

Awards of performance pay shall take into account the criteria established by the Office of Personnel Management for performance awards under section 5384 of title 5 and rank awards under section 4507 of title 5. Awards of performance pay under this section shall be subject to the following limitations:

(1) Not more than 33 percent of the members of the Senior Foreign Service may receive performance pay in any fiscal year.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), performance pay for a member of the Senior Foreign Service may not exceed 20 percent of the annual rate of basic salary for that member.

(3) Not more than 6 percent of the members of the Senior Foreign Service may receive performance pay in any fiscal year in an amount which exceeds the percentage limitation specified in paragraph (2). Payments under this paragraph to a member of the Senior Foreign Service may not exceed, in any fiscal year, the percentage of basic pay established under section 4507(e)(1) of title 5 for a Meritorious Executive, except that payments of the percentage of the basic pay established under section 4507(e)(2) of such title for Distinguished Executives may be made in any fiscal year to up to 1 percent of the members of the Senior Foreign Service.

(4) Any award under this section shall be subject to the limitation on certain payments under section 5307 of title 5, or the limitation under section 3962(a)(3) of this title, whichever is higher.

(5) The Secretary of State shall prescribe regulations, consistent with section 5582 of title 5, under which payment under this section shall be made in the case of any individual whose death precludes payment under paragraph (4) of this subsection.

(c) Determination of amount by Secretary; distribution on basis of selection board recommendations

The Secretary shall determine the amount of performance pay available under subsection (b)(2) each year for distribution among the members of the Senior Foreign Service and shall distribute performance pay to particular individuals on the basis of recommendations by selection boards established under section 4002 of this title.

(d) Recommendations for meritorious or distinguished service awards

The President may grant awards of performance pay under subsection (b)(3) on the basis of annual recommendations by the Secretary of State of members of the Senior Foreign Service who are nominated by their agencies as having performed especially meritorious or distinguished service. Such service in the promotion of internationally recognized human rights, including the right to freedom of religion, shall serve as a basis for granting awards under this section. Recommendations by the Secretary of State under this subsection shall be made on the basis of recommendations by special interagency selection boards established by the Secretary of State for the purpose of reviewing and evaluating the nominations of agencies.

(e) Recognition in lieu of award

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of State may provide for recognition of the meritorious or distinguished service of any member of the Foreign Service described in subsection (a) (including any member of the Senior Foreign Service) by means other than an award of performance pay in lieu of making such an award under this section.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §405, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §175(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §173(d), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2311(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–826; Pub. L. 105–292, title V, §504(a), Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2811; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §323], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–437; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §312(a), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1378; Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title IV, §412(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2905.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 108–447 inserted ", or the limitation under section 3962(a)(3) of this title, whichever is higher" before period at end.

2002—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted second sentence and struck out former second sentence which read as follows: "Payments under this paragraph to a member of the Senior Foreign Service may not exceed $10,000 in any fiscal year, except that payments of up to $20,000 in any fiscal year may be made under this paragraph to up to 1 percent of the members of the Senior Foreign Service."

1999—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–113 substituted "33" for "50".

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §2311(a)(1), substituted "Subject to subsection (e), members" for "Members" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–292 inserted "Such service in the promotion of internationally recognized human rights, including the right to freedom of religion, shall serve as a basis for granting awards under this section." after first sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–277, §2311(a)(2), added subsec. (e).

1994—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–236 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "The total amount of basic salary plus performance pay received in any fiscal year by any member of the Senior Foreign Service may not exceed the salary payable for level I of the Executive Schedule under section 5312 of title 5 as in effect at the end of that fiscal year. Any amount which is not paid to a member of the Senior Foreign Service during a fiscal year because of this limitation shall be paid to that individual in a lump sum at the beginning of the following fiscal year. Any amount paid under this authority during a fiscal year shall be taken into account for purposes of applying the limitation in the first sentence of this subparagraph with respect to such fiscal year."

1987—Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 100–204 inserted at end of par. (4) "Any amount which is not paid to a member of the Senior Foreign Service during a fiscal year because of this limitation shall be paid to that individual in a lump sum at the beginning of the following fiscal year. Any amount paid under this authority during a fiscal year shall be taken into account for purposes of applying the limitation in the first sentence of this subparagraph with respect to such fiscal year." and added par. (5).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §312(b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1378, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 2002."

Senior Foreign Service Performance Pay

Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §173(a)–(c), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 412, as amended by Pub. L. 103–415, §1(gg), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4303, provided that:

"(a) Prohibition on Awards.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of State may not award or pay performance payments for fiscal years 1994 and 1995 under section 405 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3965), unless the Secretary awards or pays performance awards to other Federal employees for such fiscal years.

"(b) Awards in Subsequent Fiscal Years.—The Secretary may not make a performance award or payment in any fiscal year after a fiscal year referred to in subsection (a) for the purpose of providing an individual with a performance award or payment to which the individual would otherwise have been entitled in a fiscal year referred to in such subsection but for the prohibition described in such subsection.

"(c) Application to USIA, AID, and ACDA.—Subsections (a) and (b) shall apply to the United States Information Agency, the Agency for International Development, and the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the same manner as such subsections apply to the Department of State, except that the Director of the United States Information Agency, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, and the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency shall be subject to the limitations and authority of the Secretary of State under subsections (a) and (b) for their respective agencies."

[For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of this title, and for abolition, transfer of functions, and treatment of references to United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, see section 6511 et seq. of this title.]

Review of Performance Pay Programs

Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §175(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1361, provided that:

"(1) Suspension of awards during review.—During the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987], and ending on the date on which the Inspector General of the Department of State reports to the Congress pursuant to paragraph (2), performance pay may not be awarded under section 405 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3965) to any member of the Senior Foreign Service in the Department of State.

"(2) Review by inspector general.—The Inspector General of the Department of State shall conduct a complete and thorough review of—

"(A) the procedures in the Department of State under which performance pay recipients are chosen to determine whether the procedures and award determinations are free from bias and reflect fair standards; and

"(B) the adequacy of the criteria and the equity of the criteria actually applied in making those awards.

The review should be conducted in accordance with generally accepted Government auditing standards. The Inspector General shall report the results of this review to the Secretary of State and to the Congress no later than May 1, 1988.

"(3) Report by secretary of state.—No later than 60 days after the report of the Inspector General is submitted to the Secretary of State under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a report containing the comments of the Secretary on the report of the Inspector General and describing the actions taken and proposed to be taken by the Secretary as a result of the report."
22 U.S.C. § 3921 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter II: MANAGEMENT OF SERVICE / Section 3921: Administration by Secretary of State
Administration by Secretary of State
Status: in_force

(a) Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of State shall administer and direct the Service and shall coordinate its activities with the needs of the Department of State and other agencies.

(b) The Secretary of State alone among the heads of agencies utilizing the Foreign Service personnel system shall perform the functions expressly vested in the Secretary of State by this chapter.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §201, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2078.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, known as the Foreign Service Act of 1980, which is classified principally to this chapter (§3901 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Curtailments, Removals From Post, and Waivers of Privileges and Immunities

Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCII, §9209, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3873, provided that:

"(a) Curtailments Report.—

"(1) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary [of State] shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees [Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives] regarding curtailments of Department [of State] personnel from overseas posts.

"(2) Contents.—The Secretary shall include in the report required under paragraph (1)—

"(A) relevant information about any post that, during the 6-month period preceding the report—

"(i) had more than 5 curtailments; or

"(ii) had curtailments representing more than 5 percent of Department personnel at such post; and

"(B) for each post referred to in subparagraph (A), the number of curtailments, disaggregated by month of occurrence.

"(C) Additional contents for initial report.—The initial report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall identify—

"(i) the number of curtailments at the Deputy Chief of Mission or Principal Officer level for each of the previous 5 years; and

"(ii) to the extent practicable—

     "(I) the number of such curtailments that were voluntary and the number of such curtailments that were involuntary; and

     "(II) the number of those curtailed who left the service within 1 year after such curtailment.

"(b) Removal of Diplomats.—Not later than 20 days after the date on which any United States personnel under Chief of Mission authority is declared persona non grata by a host government, the Secretary shall—

"(1) notify the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives of such declaration; and

"(2) include with such notification—

"(A) the official reason for such declaration (if provided by the host government);

"(B) the date of the declaration; and

"(C) whether the Department responded by declaring a host government's diplomat in the United States persona non grata.

"(c) Waiver of Privileges and Immunities.—Not later than 15 days after any waiver of privileges and immunities pursuant to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, done at Vienna April 18, 1961, that is applicable to an entire diplomatic post or to the majority of United States personnel under Chief of Mission authority, the Secretary shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of such waiver and the reason for such waiver.

"(d) Termination.—This section shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act."

Management Assessments at Diplomatic and Consular Posts

Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCII, §9212, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3874, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary [of State] shall annually conduct, at each diplomatic and consular post, a voluntary survey, which shall be offered to all staff assigned to that post who are citizens of the United States (excluding the Chief of Mission) to assess the management and leadership of that post by the Chief of Mission, the Deputy Chief of Mission, and the Charge d'Affaires.

"(b) Anonymity.—All responses to the survey shall be—

"(1) fully anonymized; and

"(2) made available to the Director General of the Foreign Service.

"(c) Survey.—The survey shall seek to assess—

"(1) the general morale at post;

"(2) the presence of any hostile work environment;

"(3) the presence of any harassment, discrimination, retaliation, or other mistreatment; and

"(4) effective leadership and collegial work environment.

"(d) Director General Recommendations.—Upon compilation and review of the surveys, the Director General of the Foreign Service shall issue recommendations to posts, as appropriate, based on the findings of the surveys.

"(e) Referral.—If the surveys reveal any action that is grounds for referral to the Inspector General of the Department of State and the Foreign Service, the Director General of the Foreign Service may refer the matter to the Inspector General of the Department of State and the Foreign Service, who shall, as the Inspector General considers appropriate, conduct an inspection of the post in accordance with section 209(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3929(b)).

"(f) Annual Report.—The Director General of the Foreign Service shall submit an annual report to the appropriate congressional committees [Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives] that includes—

"(1) any trends or summaries from the surveys;

"(2) the posts where corrective action was recommended or taken in response to any issues identified by the surveys; and

"(3) the number of referrals to the Inspector General of the Department of State and the Foreign Service, as applicable.

"(g) Initial Basis.—The surveys and reports required under this section shall be carried out on an initial basis for the 5-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act."

Third Party Verification of Permanent Change of Station (PCS) Orders

Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCII, §9214, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3875, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary [of State] shall establish a mechanism for third parties to verify the employment of, and the validity of permanent change of station (PCS) orders received by, members of the Foreign Service, in a manner that protects the safety, security, and privacy of sensitive employee information."
22 U.S.C. § 2778a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter III: MILITARY EXPORT CONTROLS / Section 2778a: Exportation of uranium depleted in the isotope 235
Exportation of uranium depleted in the isotope 235
Status: in_force

Upon a finding that an export of uranium depleted in the isotope 235 is incorporated in defense articles or commodities solely to take advantage of high density or pyrophoric characteristics unrelated to its radioactivity, such exports shall be exempt from the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.] and of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 [22 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.] when such exports are subject to the controls established under the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] or the Export Administration Act of 1979.

(Pub. L. 96–533, title I, §110, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3138.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, referred to in text, is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 919, which is classified principally to chapter 23 (§2011 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, which is classified principally to chapter 47 (§3201 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to this chapter (§2751 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

The Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 96–72, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 503, which was classified principally to chapter 56 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232, except for sections 11A, 11B, and 11C thereof (50 U.S.C. 4611, 4612, 4613).

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980, and not as part of the Arms Export Control Act which comprises this chapter.
22 U.S.C. § 4141b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XI: GRIEVANCES / Section 4141b: Report to Congress
Report to Congress
Status: in_force

Together with the annual submission required under section 3905(d)(2) 1 of this title, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the Congress concerning the implementation of the program established under this subchapter. Such report accompanied by such other information as the Secretary considers appropriate, shall include specific information concerning the completion rates of interns in the program, interns who took the Foreign Service examination, interns who passed the examination, former interns appointed to the Foreign Service, assignments of former interns, and the advancement of former interns through the Foreign Service System.2

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1203, as added Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §149(b), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 41.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3905(d)(2) of this title, referred to in text, was omitted from the Code.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.
22 U.S.C. § 9122 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 98: INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION AND RETURN / Subchapter II: ACTIONS BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE / Section 9122: Actions by the Secretary of State in response to patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abductions
Actions by the Secretary of State in response to patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abductions
Status: in_force

(a) Response to a pattern of noncompliance

It is the policy of the United States—

(1) to oppose institutional or other systemic failures of foreign governments to fulfill their obligations pursuant to the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as applicable, to resolve abduction and access cases;

(2) to promote reciprocity pursuant to, and in compliance with, the Hague Abduction Convention or bilateral procedures, as appropriate; and

(3) to directly engage with senior foreign government officials to most effectively address patterns of noncompliance.

(b) Determination of countries with patterns of noncompliance in cases of international child abduction

(1) Annual review

Not later than April 30 of each year, the Secretary of State shall—

(A) review the status of abduction and access cases in each foreign country in order to determine whether the government of such country has engaged in a pattern of noncompliance during the preceding 12 months; and

(B) report such determination pursuant to section 9111(f) of this title.

(2) Determinations of responsible parties

The Secretary of State shall seek to determine the agencies or instrumentalities of the government of each country determined to have engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under paragraph (1)(A) that are responsible for such pattern of noncompliance—

(A) to appropriately target actions in response to such noncompliance; and

(B) to engage with senior foreign government officials to effectively address such noncompliance.

(c) Actions by the Secretary of State with respect to a country with a pattern of noncompliance

(1) In general

Not later than 90 days (or 180 days in case of a delay under paragraph (2)) after a country is determined to have been engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under subsection (b)(1)(A), the Secretary of State shall—

(A) take 1 or more of the actions described in subsection (d);

(B) direct the Chief of Mission in that country to directly address the systemic problems that led to such determination; and

(C) inform senior officials in the foreign government of the potential repercussions related to such designation.

(2) Authority for delay of actions by the Secretary of State

The Secretary shall not be required to take action under paragraph (1) until the expiration of a single, additional period of up to 90 days if, on or before the date on which the Secretary of State is required to take such action, the Secretary determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that such additional period is necessary—

(A) for a continuation of negotiations that have been commenced with the government of a country described in paragraph (1) in order to bring about a cessation of the pattern of noncompliance by such country;

(B) for a review of corrective action taken by a country after the designation of such country as being engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under subsection (b)(1)(A); or

(C) in anticipation that corrective action will be taken by such country during such 90-day period.

(3) Exception for additional action by the Secretary of State

The Secretary of State shall not be required to take additional action under paragraph (1) with respect to a country determined to have been engaged in a persistent pattern of noncompliance if the Secretary—

(A) has taken action pursuant to paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of subsection (d) with respect to such country in the preceding year and such action continues to be in effect;

(B) exercises the waiver under section 9124 of this title and briefs the appropriate congressional committees; or

(C) submits a report to the appropriate congressional committees that—

(i) indicates that such country is subject to multiple, broad-based sanctions; and

(ii) describes how such sanctions satisfy the requirements under this subsection.

(4) Report to Congress

Not later than 90 days after the submission of the Annual Report, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress on the specific actions taken against countries determined to have been engaged in a pattern of noncompliance under this section.

(d) Description of actions by the Secretary of State in Hague Abduction Convention countries

Except as provided in subsection (f), the actions by the Secretary of State referred to in this subsection are—

(1) a demarche;

(2) an official public statement detailing unresolved cases;

(3) a public condemnation;

(4) a delay or cancellation of 1 or more bilateral working, official, or state visits;

(5) the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States development assistance in accordance with section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n);

(6) the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of United States security assistance in accordance with section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304);

(7) the withdrawal, limitation, or suspension of assistance to the central government of a country pursuant to chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.; relating to the Economic Support Fund); and

(8) a formal request to the foreign country concerned to extradite an individual who is engaged in abduction and who has been formally accused of, charged with, or convicted of an extraditable offense.

(e) Commensurate action

(1) In general

Except as provided in subsection (f), the Secretary of State may substitute any other action authorized by law for any action described in subsection (d) if the Secretary determines that such action—

(A) is commensurate in effect to the action substituted; and

(B) would substantially further the purposes of this chapter.

(2) Notification

If commensurate action is taken pursuant to this subsection, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that—

(A) describes such action;

(B) explains the reasons for taking such action; and

(C) specifically describes the basis for the Secretary's determination under paragraph (1) that such action—

(i) is commensurate with the action substituted; and

(ii) substantially furthers the purposes of this chapter.

(f) Resolution

The Secretary of State shall seek to take all appropriate actions authorized by law to resolve the unresolved case or to obtain the cessation of such pattern of noncompliance, as applicable.

(g) Humanitarian exception

Any action taken pursuant to subsection (d) or (e) may not prohibit or restrict the provision of medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or other life-saving humanitarian assistance.

(h) Study of international parental child abduction

(1) Study required

Not later than 1 year after December 23, 2024, the Secretary of State, subject to the availability of funds, shall seek to enter into an agreement with an appropriate university, research institution, or nongovernmental organization to study and publish a report on the impact to abducted children and left-behind parents as a result of international parental child abduction.

(2) Consultation

The Secretary of State shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees on the goals of the study and report required under paragraph (1).

(3) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 and 2026 to carry out the study required under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 113–150, title II, §202, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1818; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXV, §7509(c), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2551.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (d)(7), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Chapter 4 of part II of the Act is classified generally to part IV (§2346 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(B), (2)(C)(ii), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 113–150, Aug. 8, 2014, 126 Stat. 1807, known as the Sean and David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 2014, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9101 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 118–159 added subsec. (h).
22 U.S.C. § 9683 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 103: BETTER UTILIZATION OF INVESTMENTS LEADING TO DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter VI: TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS / Section 9683: Transfer of functions
Transfer of functions
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Effective at the end of the transition period, there shall be transferred to the Corporation the functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of—

(1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, as in existence on the day before October 5, 2018; and

(2) the following elements of the United States Agency for International Development:

(A) The Development Credit Authority.

(B) The existing Legacy Credit portfolio under the Urban Environment Program and any other direct loan programs and non-Development Credit Authority guaranty programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or other predecessor Acts, as in existence on October 5, 2018, other than any sovereign loan guaranties.

(b) Additional transfer authority

Effective at the end of the transition period, there is authorized to be transferred to the Corporation, with the concurrence of the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the following elements of the United States Agency for International Development:

(1) The Office of Private Capital and Microenterprise.

(2) The enterprise funds.

(c) Sovereign loan guaranty transfer

(1) In general

Effective at the end of the transition period, there is authorized to be transferred to the Corporation or any other appropriate department or agency of the United States Government the loan accounts and the legal rights and responsibilities for the sovereign loan guaranty portfolio held by the United States Agency for International Development as in existence on the day before October 5, 2018.

(2) Inclusion in reorganization plan

The President shall include in the reorganization plan submitted under section 9682 of this title a description of the transfer authorized under paragraph (1).

(d) Bilateral agreements

Any bilateral agreement of the United States in effect on October 5, 2018, that serves as the basis for programs of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the Development Credit Authority shall be considered as satisfying the requirements of section 9631(a) of this title.

(e) Transition

During the transition period, the agencies specified in subsection (a) shall—

(1) continue to administer the assets and obligations of those agencies; and

(2) carry out such programs and activities authorized under this chapter as may be determined by the President.

(Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1463, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3512.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), was in the original "this division", meaning division F of Pub. L. 115–254, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3485, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of division F to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9601 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Enhancement of Nongovernmental Sector in Poland and Hungary

Pub. L. 101–179, title III, §302(b), Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1311, provided that: "In accordance with its mandate to foster private initiative and competition and enhance the ability of private enterprise to make its full contribution to the development process, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation shall support projects in Poland and Hungary which will result in enhancement of the nongovernmental sector and reduction of state involvement in the economy."

[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to the United States International Development Finance Corporation and treatment of related references, see this section and section 9686(d) of this title.]

Pub. L. 101–179, title III, §302(c), Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1311, provided that: "If the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 [Pub. L. 101–167], contains the same amendment that is made by subsection (a) of this section [amending former section 2199(f) of this title by inserting ", Poland, Hungary," after "Yugoslavia"], the amendment made by that Act shall not be effective."
22 U.S.C. § 2346c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SALES / Section 2346c: Administration of justice
Administration of justice
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of assistance; purposes

The President may furnish assistance under this part to countries and organizations, including national and regional institutions, in order to strengthen the administration of justice in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

(b) Scope of assistance

Assistance under this section may only include—

(1) support for specialized professional training, scholarships, and exchanges for continuing legal education;

(2) programs to enhance prosecutorial and judicial capabilities and protection for participants in judicial cases;

(3) notwithstanding section 2420 of this title—

(A) programs to enhance professional capabilities to carry out investigative and forensic functions conducted under judicial or prosecutorial control;

(B) programs to assist in the development of academic instruction and curricula for training law enforcement personnel;

(C) programs to improve the administrative and management capabilities of law enforcement agencies, especially their capabilities relating to career development, personnel evaluation, and internal discipline procedures; and

(D) programs, conducted through multilateral or regional institutions, to improve penal institutions and the rehabilitation of offenders;

(4) strengthening professional organizations in order to promote services to members and the role of the bar in judicial selection, enforcement of ethical standards, and legal reform;

(5) increasing the availability of legal materials and publications;

(6) seminars, conferences, and training and educational programs to improve the administration of justice and to strengthen respect for the rule of law and internationally recognized human rights; and

(7) revision and modernization of legal codes and procedures.

(c) Availability of funds

Not more than $20,000,000 of the funds made available to carry out this part for any fiscal year shall be available to carry out this section, in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

(d) Obligation of funds

Funds may not be obligated for assistance under this section unless the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate are notified of the amount and nature of the proposed assistance at least 15 days in advance in accordance with the procedures applicable to reprogrammings pursuant to section 2394–1 of this title.

(e) Participation of Defense personnel in training prohibited; availability of funds; expiration of authority

Personnel of the Department of Defense and members of the United States Armed Forces may not participate in the provision of training under this section. Of the funds made available to carry out this section, not more than $10,000,000 may be made available in fiscal year 1991 to carry out the provisions of subsection (b)(3) of this section. The authority of this section shall expire on September 30, 1991.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §534, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title VII, §712, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 244; amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §579], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–181; Pub. L. 101–167, title II, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1206; Pub. L. 101–513, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1990; Pub. L. 101–623, §2(b)(6), Nov. 21, 1990, 104 Stat. 3351.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2346c, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §534, as added Pub. L. 97–113, title II, §202, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1530, prohibited the use of funds for nuclear facilities in foreign countries except under certain circumstances, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–83, title II, §201(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 210.

Another prior section 2346c, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. II, §534, as added Pub. L. 95–384, §10(a), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 735; amended Pub. L. 96–92, §8(d), Oct. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 704, provided economic support for Turkey and Cyprus in amounts of $98,000,000 and $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1980, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–533, title II, §202, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3142.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–623, §2(b)(6)(A), which directed the substitution of "$10,000,000 may be made available in fiscal year 1991" for "$7,000,000 may be made available in fiscal year 1990", was executed by making the substitution for "$7,000,000 may be made available in fiscal year 1991" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening substitution of "fiscal year 1991" for "fiscal year 1990" by Pub. L. 101–513. See below.

Pub. L. 101–623, §2(b)(6)(B), and Pub. L. 101–513, amended subsec. (e) identically, substituting "September 30, 1991" for "September 30, 1990".

Pub. L. 101–513 substituted "fiscal year 1991" for "fiscal year 1990".

1989—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–167 substituted "fiscal year 1990" for "each of fiscal years 1988 and 1989" and "September 30, 1990" for "September 30, 1989".

1987—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §579(a)], amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "notwithstanding section 2420 of this title, programs to enhance investigative capabilities, conducted under judicial or prosecutorial control;".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(e) [title V, §579(b)], amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "The authority of this section shall expire on September 30, 1987."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Administration of Justice Activities

Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title V, §536, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 183, provided that: "Of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available by this Act or any subsequent Act for 'Economic Support Fund', assistance may be provided to strengthen the administration of justice in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean and in other regions consistent with the provisions of section 534(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346c(b)], except that programs to enhance protection of participants in judicial cases may be conducted notwithstanding section 660 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 2420]. Funds made available pursuant to this section may be made available notwithstanding section 534(c) and the second and third sentences of section 534(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346c(c), (e)]."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–7, div. E, title V, §536, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 195.

Pub. L. 107–115, title V, §536, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2152.

Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title V, §540], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–37.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §540], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–95.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(d) [title V, §542], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–184.

Pub. L. 105–118, title V, §541, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2418.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(c) [title V, §543], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–157.

Pub. L. 104–107, title V, §543, Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 739.

Pub. L. 103–306, title V, §549(a), (c), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1643, 1644.

Pub. L. 103–87, title V, §551(a)(1), (b), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 962.

Pub. L. 102–391, title V, §588(a)(1), (b), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1689, 1690.

Anti-Narcotics Update

Pub. L. 102–145, §124, as added by Pub. L. 102–266, §102, Apr. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 97, provided that: "The program authorized by section 534 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346c] may continue from funds appropriated by this joint resolution for foreign operations, export financing, and related programs, notwithstanding the last sentence of section 534(e) of that Act: Provided, That such programs may include the protection of participants in judicial cases, notwithstanding section 660 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 2420]: Provided further, That, notwithstanding sections 534(c) and 660 of that Act, (1) up to $10,000,000 to provide support for a professional civilian police force for Panama, except that such assistance shall not include more than $5,000,000 for the procurement of equipment for law enforcement purposes, and shall not include lethal equipment, and (2) up to $16,000,000 for Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 402 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 9: FOREIGN WARS, WAR MATERIALS, AND NEUTRALITY / Subchapter I: WAR MATERIALS / Section 402: Repealed. Aug. 13, 1953, ch. 434, §2, 67 Stat. 577
Repealed. Aug. 13, 1953, ch. 434, §2, 67 Stat. 577
Status: repealed

Section 402, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VI, §2, 40 Stat. 224, related to issuance of warrant for detention of seized property.

Section 403, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VI, §3, 40 Stat. 224, related to filing petition for restoration of seized property.

Section 404, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VI, §4, 40 Stat. 224; Mar. 1, 1929, ch. 420, 45 Stat. 1423, related to institution of libel proceedings and sale of seized property.

Section 405, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VI, §5, 40 Stat. 224, related to method of trial and bond for redelivery.

For subject matter of sections 402 to 405 of this title, see section 401 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 263 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Section 263: International Prison Commission
International Prison Commission
Status: in_force

The United States shall continue as an adhering member of the International Prison Commission and participate in the work of said commission.

The Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized annually to pay the pro rata share of the United States in the administration expenses of the International Prison Commission and the necessary expenses of a commissioner to represent the United States on said commission at its annual meetings, together with necessary clerical and other expenses, out of any money which shall be appropriated for such purposes from time to time by Congress.

(Feb. 28, 1913, ch. 86, 37 Stat. 692.)
22 U.S.C. § 3949 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter III: APPOINTMENTS / Section 3949: Limited appointments
Limited appointments
Status: in_force

(a) A limited appointment in the Service, including an appointment of an individual who is an employee of an agency, may not exceed 5 years in duration and, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), may not be extended or renewed. A limited appointment in the Service which is limited by its terms to a period of one year or less is a temporary appointment.

(b) A limited appointment may be extended for continued service—

(1) as a consular agent;

(2) in accordance with section 3951(a) of this title;

(3) as a career candidate, if—

(A) continued service is determined appropriate to remedy a matter that would be cognizable as a grievance under subchapter XI; or

(B) the individual is serving in the uniformed services (as defined in section 4303 of title 38) and the limited appointment expires in the course of such service;

(4) as a career employee in another Federal personnel system serving in a Foreign Service position on detail from another agency;

(5) as a foreign national employee;

(6) in exceptional circumstances if the Secretary determines the needs of the Service require the extension of—

(A) a limited noncareer appointment for a period not to exceed 1 year; or

(B) a limited appointment of a career candidate for the minimum time needed to resolve a grievance, claim, investigation, or complaint not otherwise provided for in this section.

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) noncareer employees who have served for 5 consecutive years under a limited appointment under this section may be reappointed to a subsequent noncareer limited appointment if there is at least a 1-year break in service before such new appointment.

(2) The Secretary may waive the 1-year break requirement under paragraph (1) in cases of special need.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §309, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2086; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §176, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §180(a)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 103–415, §1(hh), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4303; Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, §409, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1930.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–323, §409(1), substituted "subsections (b) and (c)" for "subsection (b)".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–323, §409(2)(A), substituted "if—" for "if", inserted subpar. (A) designation before "continued service" and "or" after semicolon at end, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 114–323, §409(2)(B)–(D), added par. (6).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–323, §409(3), added subsec. (c).

1994—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–236, as amended by Pub. L. 103–415, added par. (5).

1987—Pub. L. 100–204 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "subsection (b)" for "section 3951(a) of this title", and added subsec. (b).
22 U.S.C. § 4155 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XII: TRANSITION / Section 4155: Conversion of certain positions in Department of Agriculture
Conversion of certain positions in Department of Agriculture
Status: in_force

(a) Designation and classification of positions to be occupied; notice

Not later than 15 days after February 15, 1981, the Secretary of Agriculture shall—

(1) designate and classify under section 3981 of this title those positions in the Foreign Agricultural Service under the General Schedule described in section 5332 of title 5 which the Secretary of Agriculture determines are to be occupied by career members of the Foreign Service, and

(2) provide written notice to individuals holding those positions of such designation and classification of the personnel category under section 3903 of this title which will apply to such individual.

(b) Election to convert

Each employee serving in a position at the time it is designated under subsection (a) shall, not later than 120 days after notice of such designation, elect—

(1) to accept conversion to the Foreign Service, in which case such employee shall be converted in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c); or

(2) to decline conversion to the Foreign Service and have the provisions of subsection (d) apply.

(c) Recommendations for appointment

(1) The Secretary of Agriculture shall recommend to the President for appointment to the appropriate class (as determined under paragraph (2)), by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, those employees who elect conversion under subsection (a)(1).

(2) The Secretary of Agriculture shall appoint as Foreign Service personnel those employees who elect to accept conversion and who are not eligible for appointment under paragraph (1).

(d) Results of declining to convert

Any employee who declines conversion under subsection (b)(2) shall for so long as that employee continues to hold the designated position be deemed to be a member of the Foreign Service for purposes of allowances, differentials, and similar benefits (as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture).

(Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2105, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2150.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (a), "February 15, 1981" substituted for "the effective date of this Act" pursuant to section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4138 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XI: GRIEVANCES / Section 4138: Access to records
Access to records
Status: in_force

(a) Review by Foreign Service Grievance Board of decision denying access

If a grievant is denied access to any agency record prior to or during the consideration of the grievance by the Department, the grievant may raise such denial before the Board in connection with the grievance.

(b) Access by Foreign Service Grievance Board; relevant and material records; adverse effect on national security or foreign policy

In considering a grievance, the Board shall have access to any agency record as follows:

(1)(A) The Board shall request access to any agency record which the grievant requests to substantiate the grievance if the Board determines that such record may be relevant and material to the grievance.

(B) The Board may request access to any other agency record which the Board determines may be relevant and material to the grievance.

(2) Any agency shall make available to the Board any agency record requested under paragraph (1) unless the head or deputy head of such agency personally certifies in writing to the Board that disclosure of the record to the Board and the grievant would adversely affect the foreign policy or national security of the United States or that such disclosure is prohibited by law. If such a certification is made with respect to any record, the agency shall supply to the Board a summary or extract of such record unless the reasons specified in the preceding sentence preclude such a summary or extract.

(c) Access by grievant

If the Board determines that an agency record, or a summary or extract of a record, made available to the Board under subsection (b) is relevant and material to the grievance, the agency concerned shall make such record, summary, or extract, as the case may be, available to the grievant.

(d) Denial of access as factor in determination of grievance

In considering a grievance, the Board may take into account the fact that the grievant or the Board was denied access to an agency record which the Board determines is or may be relevant and material to the grievance.

(e) Proceedings and decisions of Foreign Service Grievance Board

The grievant in any case decided by the Board shall have access to the record of the proceedings and the decision of the Board.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1108, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2147.)