7 U.S.C. § 2008x (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2008x: Reporting
Reporting
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of farm loan

In this section, the term "farm loan" means—

(1) a farm ownership loan under subtitle A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1922 et seq.); and

(2) an operating loan under subtitle B of that Act (7 U.S.C. 1941 et seq.).

(b) Reports

(1) Preparation

For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall prepare a report that includes—

(A) aggregate data based on a review of each outstanding farm loan made or guaranteed by the Secretary describing, for the United States and for each State and county in the United States—

(i) the age of the recipient producer;

(ii) the duration that the recipient producer has engaged in agricultural production;

(iii) the size of the farm or ranch of the recipient producer;

(iv) the race, ethnicity, and gender of the recipient producer;

(v) the agricultural commodity or commodities, or type of enterprise, for which the loan was secured;

(vi) the amount of the farm loan made or guaranteed;

(vii) the type of the farm loan made or guaranteed; and

(viii) the default rate of the farm loan made or guaranteed;

(B) for each State and county in the United States, data demonstrating the number of outstanding farm loans made or guaranteed, according to loan size cohort; and

(C) an assessment of actual loans made or guaranteed as measured against target participation rates for beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers, broken down by State, as described in sections 346(b)(2) and 355 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1994(b)(2), 2003).

(2) Submission of report

The report described in paragraph (1) shall be—

(A) submitted—

(i) to—

(I) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

(II) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;

(III) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate; and

(IV) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(ii) not later than December 30, 2019, and annually thereafter; and

(B) made publicly available not later than 90 days after the date described in subparagraph (A)(ii).

(c) Comprehensive review

(1) In general

Not later than 4 years after December 20, 2018 (and every 5 years thereafter), the Secretary shall—

(A) prepare a comprehensive review of all reports submitted under subsection (b)(2);

(B) identify trends within data outlined in subsection (b)(1), including the extent to which target annual participation rates for beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers (as defined by the Secretary) are being met for each loan type; and

(C) provide specific actions the Department will take to improve the performance of direct and guaranteed loans with respect to underserved producers and any recommendations the Secretary may make for further congressional action.

(2) Submission of comprehensive review

The comprehensive review described in paragraph (1) shall be—

(A) submitted to—

(i) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

(ii) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives;

(iii) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate; and

(iv) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) made publicly available not later than 90 days after the date of submission under subparagraph (A).

(d) Privacy

In preparing any report or review under this section, the Secretary shall aggregate or de-identify the data in a manner sufficient to ensure that the identity of a recipient producer associated with the data cannot be ascertained.

(Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5413, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4722.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307. Subtitles A and B of the Act are classified generally to subchapters I (§1922 et seq.) and II (§1941 et seq.), respectively, of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, and not as part of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definition of "Secretary"

"Secretary" as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 2 of Pub. L. 115–344, set out as a note under section 9001 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1379 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1379: Reconstitution of farms
Reconstitution of farms
Status: in_force

In any case in which the ownership of a tract of land is transferred from a parent farm, the acreage allotments, history acreages, and base acreages for the farm shall be divided between such tract and the parent farm in the same proportion that the cropland acreage in such tract bears to the cropland acreage in the parent farm, except that the Secretary shall provide by regulation the method to be used in determining the division, if any, of the acreage allotments, histories, and bases in any case in which—

(1) the tract of land transferred from the parent farm has been or is being transferred to any agency having the right to acquire it by eminent domain;

(2) the tract of land transferred from the parent farm is to be used for nonagricultural purposes;

(3) the parent farm resulted from a combination of two or more tracts of land and records are available showing the contribution of each tract to the allotments, histories, and bases of the parent farm;

(4) the appropriate county committee determines that a division based on cropland proportions would result in allotments and bases not representative of the operations normally carried out on any transferred tract during the base period;

(5) the parent farm is divided among heirs in settling an estate; or

(6) neither the tract transferred from the parent farm nor the remaining portion of the parent farm receives allotments in excess of allotments for similar farms in the community having allotments of the commodity or commodities involved and such allotments are consistent with good land uses.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §379, as added Pub. L. 89–321, title VII, §707, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1211; amended Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404(4), title VI, §605(2), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, 1378; Pub. L. 98–180, title II, §212(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 101–577, §2(c), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2856; Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §116(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1841; Pub. L. 106–78, title VIII, §803(c)(6)(C), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1178; Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §611(m), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1523.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2004—Pub. L. 108–357 struck out "(a)" before "In any case", struck out ", but this clause (6) shall not be applicable in the case of burley tobacco" before period at end of par. (6), and struck out subsecs. (b) and (c), which related to combination of tracts in contiguous counties, and to burley tobacco poundage quota when a farm is divided through reconstitution, respectively.

1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–78 inserted "or flue-cured" after "Burley".

1991—Subsecs. (a)(4) to (7), (c). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out "or" at end of par. (4), substituted "; or" for period at end of par. (5), substituted a period for "; or" at end of par. (6), and redesignated par. (7) as subsec. (c) and moved subsec. (c) to follow subsec. (b).

1990—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 101–577 added par. (7).

1983—Pub. L. 98–180 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1970—Pub. L. 91–524 temporarily inserted provision that term "acreage allotments" include the farm base acreage allotments for upland cotton and the domestic allotment for wheat. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1970 Amendment note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–524, title IV, §404, title VI, §605, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1366, 1378, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(11), (22), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 229, 235, provided that the amendments made by sections 404 and 605 are effective only with respect to the 1971 through 1977 crops.

Savings Provision

Amendment by sections 611 to 614 of Pub. L. 108–357 not to affect the liability of any person under any provision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of tobacco, see section 614 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as a note under section 515 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5940 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5940: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VII, §7605(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4829; Pub. L. 116-159, div. A, §122, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 116-260, div. A, title VII, §782, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1230.
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VII, §7605(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4829; Pub. L. 116-159, div. A, §122, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 116-260, div. A, title VII, §782, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1230.
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7606, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 912; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(f), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7605(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4828, related to legitimacy of industrial hemp research.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7605(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4829, as amended by Pub. L. 116–159, div. A, §122, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 116–260, div. A, title VII, §782, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1230, provided that: "Effective on January 1, 2022, section 7606 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5940) is repealed."
7 U.S.C. § 174 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 174: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was from the Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act, 1946, act July 5, 1945, ch. 271, title I, 59 Stat. 423, provided for the disposition of proceeds from the sale of guayule and other rubber-bearing plants, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in prior appropriation acts as follows:

May 5, 1945, ch. 109, 59 Stat. 152.

June 28, 1944, ch. 296, 58 Stat. 447.

July 12, 1943, ch. 215, 57 Stat. 415.

July 2, 1942, ch. 476, title I, 56 Stat. 597.

Apr. 28, 1942, ch. 247, title III, 56 Stat. 240.
7 U.S.C. § 1013a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter III: LAND CONSERVATION AND LAND UTILIZATION / Section 1013a: Benefits extended to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands; "county" defined; payments to Governor or fiscal agent of county
Benefits extended to Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands; "county" defined; payments to Governor or fiscal agent of county
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall extend to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. In the case of Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, the term "county" as used in this subchapter may be the entire area, or any subdivision thereof as may be determined by the Secretary, and payments under section 1012 of this title shall be made to the Governor or to the fiscal agent of such subdivision.

(July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title III, §35, as added Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §342, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 342 of Pub. L. 87–128 is classified to section 1990a of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 15, 1961, by former section 300.1 of Title 6, Code of Federal Regulations, see Effective Date note set out under section 1921 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1738c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter VI: ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS INITIATIVE / Section 1738c: Reduction of certain debt
Reduction of certain debt
Status: in_force

(a) Authority to reduce debt

(1) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may reduce the amount owed to the United States or any agency of the United States, and outstanding as of January 1, 1990, as a result of any credits extended under subchapter II to a country eligible for benefits from the Facility.

(2) Availability of appropriations

The authorities under this section may be exercised only to the extent provided for in advance in appropriation Acts.

(b) Limitation

A debt reduction authorized under subsection (a) shall be accomplished, at the direction of the Facility, through the exchange of a new obligation under this subchapter for obligations of the type referred to in subsection (a) outstanding as of January 1, 1990.

(c) Exchange of obligations

The Facility shall notify the Commodity Credit Corporation of an agreement entered into under subsection (b) with an eligible country to exchange a new obligation for outstanding obligations. At the direction of the Facility, the old obligations that are the subject of the agreement may be canceled and a new debt obligation may be established for the country relating to the agreement. The Commodity Credit Corporation shall make an adjustment in its accounts to reflect a debt reduction under this section.

(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title VI, §604, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3658; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §303, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1855.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "Availability" for "Avaliability" in heading.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13345, July 8, 2004, 69 F.R. 41901, set out as a note under section 1738 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1575 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter II: INTERSTATE COMMERCE / Section 1575: False advertising
False advertising
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any person to disseminate, or cause to be disseminated, any false advertisement concerning seed, by the United States mails, or in interstate or foreign commerce, in any manner or by any means, including radio broadcasts: Provided, however, That no person, advertising agency, or medium for the dissemination of advertising, except the person who transported, delivered for transportation, sold, or offered for sale seed to which the false advertisement relates, shall be liable under this section by reason of disseminating or causing to be disseminated any false advertisement, unless he or it has refused, on the request of the Secretary of Agriculture, to furnish the Secretary the name and post-office address of the person, or advertising agency, residing in the United States, who caused, directly or indirectly, the dissemination of such advertisement.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title II, §205, 53 Stat. 1282.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 8911 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 114: AGRICULTURAL SECURITY / Subchapter I: AGRICULTURAL SECURITY / Section 8911: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12201, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4944
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12201, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4944
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14111, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1454; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14111, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2216, related to Office of Homeland Security. See section 6922 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6961 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter V: NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT / Section 6961: Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

The Secretary is authorized to establish in the Department the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment.

(b) Confirmation required

If the Secretary establishes the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment authorized under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(c) Functions of Under Secretary

(1) Principal functions

Upon establishment, the Secretary shall delegate to the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment those functions under the jurisdiction of the Department that are related to natural resources and environment (except to the extent those functions are delegated under section 6932 of this title).

(2) Additional functions

The Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment shall perform such other functions and duties as may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary.

(d) Succession

Any official who is serving as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment on October 13, 1994, and who was appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall not be required to be reappointed under subsection (b) to the successor position authorized under subsection (a) if the Secretary establishes the position, and the official occupies the new position, within 180 days after October 13, 1994 (or such later date set by the Secretary if litigation delays rapid succession).

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §245, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3223.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of section 245 of Pub. L. 103–354. Subsec. (e) of section 245 of Pub. L. 103–354 amended section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
7 U.S.C. § 1572 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter II: INTERSTATE COMMERCE / Section 1572: Records
Records
Status: in_force

All persons transporting, or delivering for transportation, in interstate commerce, agricultural seeds shall keep for a period of three years a complete record of origin, treatment, germination, and purity of each lot of such agricultural seeds, and all persons transporting, or delivering for transportation, in interstate commerce, vegetable seeds shall keep for a period of three years a complete record of treatment, germination and variety of such vegetable seeds. The Secretary of Agriculture, or his duly authorized agents, shall have the right to inspect such records for the purpose of the effective administration of this chapter.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title II, §202, 53 Stat. 1281; Pub. L. 85–581, §9, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 89–686, §11, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 978.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1966—Pub. L. 89–686 required record of treatment of agricultural and vegetable seeds.

1958—Pub. L. 85–581 required keeping of records of vegetable seeds.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2211a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2211a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 95–501, title V, §501(a), Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1691, which related to establishment in Department of Agriculture of position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for International Affairs and Commodity Programs, was omitted in the complete revision of Pub. L. 95–501 by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3668. See section 5691 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Redesignation of Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for International Affairs and Commodity Programs

Pub. L. 95–501, title V, §501(c), Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1691, which prohibited the use of the designation of "Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for International Affairs and Commodity Programs" after Oct. 21, 1978, was omitted in the complete revision of Pub. L. 95–501 by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3668.
7 U.S.C. § 1037 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1037: Sale of reserved mineral interests; disposition of proceeds
Sale of reserved mineral interests; disposition of proceeds
Status: in_force

All proceeds from sales made under sections 1033 to 1039 of this title of mineral interests described in section 1033 of this title shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts, except that the proceeds from sales of mineral interests which were a part of or derived from the assets transferred pursuant to the transfer agreements with State rural rehabilitation corporations shall be credited to the appropriate corporation account.

(Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 897, §5, 64 Stat. 770.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which constitutes a major part of this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 2277 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2277: Contracts by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for services to be performed abroad
Contracts by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for services to be performed abroad
Status: in_force

Funds available to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) under this and subsequent appropriations shall be available for contracting with individuals for services to be performed outside of the United States, as determined by APHIS to be necessary or appropriate for carrying out programs and activities abroad. Such individuals shall not be regarded as officers or employees of the United States under any law administered by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Pub. L. 102–142, title VII, §737, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 915.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 101–506, title VI, §641, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1350.
7 U.S.C. § 427b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 427b: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Status: repealed

Section, act June 29, 1935, ch. 338, title I, §3, 49 Stat. 437, authorized appropriations. See section 361b of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Existing Rights and Liabilities

Any rights or liabilities existing under this section unaffected by repeal, see section 2 of act Aug. 11, 1955, set out as a note under former section 361 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 4612 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 77: HONEY RESEARCH, PROMOTION, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4612: Termination or suspension
Termination or suspension
Status: in_force

(a) "Person" defined

In this section, the term "person" means a producer, importer, or handler.

(b) Authority of Secretary

If the Secretary finds that an order issued under this chapter, or any provision of the order, obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the purposes of this chapter, the Secretary shall terminate or suspend the operation of the order or provision.

(c) Periodic referenda

Except as provided in subsection (d)(3) and section 4613(g) of this title, on the date that is 5 years after the date on which the Secretary issues an order authorizing the collection of assessments on honey or honey products under this chapter, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum to determine if the persons subject to assessment under the order approve continuation of the order in accordance with section 4611 of this title.

(d) Referenda on request

(1) In general

On the request of the Honey Board or the petition of at least 10 percent of the total number of persons subject to assessment under the order, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum to determine if the persons subject to assessment under the order approve continuation of the order in accordance with section 4611 of this title.

(2) Limitation

Referenda conducted under paragraph (1) may not be held more than once every 2 years.

(3) Effect on periodic referenda

If a referendum is conducted under this subsection and the Secretary determines that continuation of the order is approved under section 4611 of this title, any referendum otherwise required to be conducted under subsection (c) shall not be held before the date that is 5 years after the date of the referendum conducted under this subsection.

(e) Timing and requirements for termination or suspension

(1) In general

The Secretary shall terminate or suspend an order at the end of the marketing year during which a referendum is conducted under subsection (c) or (d) if the Secretary determines that continuation of an order is not approved under section 4611 of this title.

(2) Subsequent referendum

If the Secretary terminates or suspends an order that assesses the handling of honey and honey products under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, not later than 90 days after submission of a proposed order by an interested party—

(A) propose another order to establish a research, promotion, and consumer information program; and

(B) conduct a referendum on the order among persons that would be subject to assessment under the order.

(3) Effectiveness of order

Section 4611 of this title shall apply in determining the effectiveness of the subsequent amended order under paragraph (2).

(Pub. L. 98–590, §13, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3123; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1985, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3907; Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §605(l), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 601.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–185 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which in subsec. (a) authorized Secretary to terminate or suspend order, in subsec. (b) provided for conducting of referendum every five years and alternative first referendum, in subsec. (c) provided for referendum upon request of Honey Board or petition of ten percent or more of producers and importers, and in subsec. (d) directed termination or suspension of order where favored by majority voting in referendum and majority produce and import more than 50 percent of volume of honey of those voting.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §1985(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2), five" for "Five" and "termination" for "continuation, termination," and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–624, §1985(b), substituted "an order" for "such order", inserted "in which a referendum is conducted under subsection (b) or (c) of this section" after "marketing year", and struck out "of the order" before "is favored by".
7 U.S.C. § 329 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter II: COLLEGE-AID ANNUAL APPROPRIATION / Section 329: Additional appropriation for agricultural colleges
Additional appropriation for agricultural colleges
Status: in_force

In order to provide for the more complete endowment and support of the colleges in the several States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands entitled to the benefits of the Act entitled "An Act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," approved July 2, 1862, as amended and supplemented (7 U.S.C. 301–328), there are authorized to be appropriated annually, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the following amounts:

(a) For the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, and for each fiscal year thereafter, $8,250,000; and

(b) For the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, and for each fiscal year thereafter, $4,380,000.

The sums appropriated in pursuance of paragraph (a) shall be paid annually to the several States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in equal shares. The sums appropriated in pursuance of paragraph (b) shall be in addition to sums appropriated in pursuance of paragraph (a) and shall be allotted and paid annually to each of the several States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the proportion to which the total population of each State, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands bears to the total population of all the States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands as determined by the last preceding decennial census. Sums appropriated in pursuance of this section shall be in addition to sums appropriated or authorized under such Act of July 2, 1862, as amended and supplemented, and shall be applied only for the purposes of the colleges defined in such Act, as amended and supplemented. The provisions of law applicable to the use and payment of sums under the Act entitled "An Act to apply a portion of the proceeds of the public lands to the more complete endowment and support of the colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts established under the provisions of an Act of Congress approved July 2, 1862," approved August 30, 1890, as amended and supplemented, shall apply to the use and payment of sums appropriated in pursuance of this section.

(June 29, 1935, ch. 338, title II, §22, 49 Stat. 439; June 12, 1952, ch. 419, §§1–4, 66 Stat. 135, 136; Pub. L. 86–658, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 89–791, title I, §108(a), Nov. 7, 1966, as added Pub. L. 90–354, §1, June 20, 1968, 82 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 92–318, title V, §506(d), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 99–396, §9(d), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 840.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of July 2, 1862, as amended and supplemented (7 U.S.C. 301–328), referred to in text, probably means act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503, popularly known as the Morrill Act and also as the First Morrill Act, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of this chapter, along with the Act of August 30, 1890, see below. For complete classification of act July 2, 1862, to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.

The words "date of enactment of this Act" appear in par. (a) of section 22 of act June 29, 1935, which was approved on June 29, 1935, and also in pars. (a) and (b) of section 22 of act June 29, 1935, as amended by Pub. L. 86–658, which was approved on July 14, 1960.

Act of August 30, 1890, as amended and supplemented, referred to in text, is act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, 26 Stat. 417, popularly known as the Agricultural College Act of 1890 and also as the Second Morrill Act, which is classified generally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the act Aug. 30, 1890, which comprises this subchapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 343d of this title.

Amendments

1986—Pub. L. 99–396 substituted "Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands" for "and Guam" in five places, "$8,250,000" for "$8,100,000", and "$4,380,000" for "$4,360,000".

1972—Pub. L. 92–318 inserted references to Virgin Islands and Guam, and substituted "$8,100,000" and "$4,360,000" for "$7,800,000" and "$4,320,000", respectively.

1968—Pub. L. 89–791, as added by Pub. L. 90–354, increased authorization for annual appropriations for Federal grants to States for support of resident teaching in land-grant colleges and universities from an authorization of $7,650,000 to $7,800,000, allocated equally among the States, and from an authorization of $4,300,000, allotted on basis of relative State population, to $4,320,000.

1960—Pub. L. 86–658 increased authorization for annual appropriations for Federal grants to States for support of resident teaching in land-grant colleges and universities from an authorization of $1,000,000, allocated equally among the States, to $7,650,000, and from an authorization of $1,501,500, allotted on basis of relative State population, to $4,300,000, struck out references to Territories of Alaska and Hawaii as now included in term "States" and included Puerto Rico in provisions of section.

1952—Opening par. Act June 12, 1952, §1, made section applicable to Alaska.

Par. (a). Act June 12, 1952, §2, increased allotment from $980,000 to $1,000,000.

Par. (b). Act June 12, 1952, §§3, 4, increased additional allotment of $1,500,000 to $1,501,500, and made said par. applicable to Alaska.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–318 effective after June 30, 1970, see section 506(n) of Pub. L. 92–318, set out as an Effective Date note under section 326a of this title.

Effective Date of 1952 Amendment

Act June 12, 1952, ch. 419, §5, 66 Stat. 136, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first fiscal year beginning on or after the date of enactment of this Act [June 12, 1952]."
7 U.S.C. § 1902 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 48: HUMANE METHODS OF LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTER / Section 1902: Humane methods
Humane methods
Status: in_force

No method of slaughtering or handling in connection with slaughtering shall be deemed to comply with the public policy of the United States unless it is humane. Either of the following two methods of slaughtering and handling are hereby found to be humane:

(a) in the case of cattle, calves, horses, mules, sheep, swine, and other livestock, all animals are rendered insensible to pain by a single blow or gunshot or an electrical, chemical or other means that is rapid and effective, before being shackled, hoisted, thrown, cast, or cut; or

(b) by slaughtering in accordance with the ritual requirements of the Jewish faith or any other religious faith that prescribes a method of slaughter whereby the animal suffers loss of consciousness by anemia of the brain caused by the simultaneous and instantaneous severance of the carotid arteries with a sharp instrument and handling in connection with such slaughtering.

(Pub. L. 85–765, §2, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 95–445, §5(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1069.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1978—Par. (b). Pub. L. 95–445 inserted "and handling in connection with such slaughtering" at end.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–445 effective one year after Oct. 10, 1978, and nonapplicability during not to exceed additional 18 months in hardship cases, see sec. 7 of Pub. L. 95–445 set out as a note under section 603 of Title 21, Food and Drugs.
7 U.S.C. § 7752 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 104: PLANT PROTECTION / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 7752: Buildings, land, people, claims, and agreements
Buildings, land, people, claims, and agreements
Status: in_force

(a) In general

To the extent necessary to carry out this chapter, the Secretary may acquire and maintain all real or personal property for special purposes and employ any persons, make grants, and enter into any contracts, cooperative agreements, memoranda of understanding, or other agreements.

(b) Tort claims

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary may pay tort claims in the manner authorized in the first paragraph of section 2672 of title 28, when the claims arise outside the United States in connection with activities that are authorized under this chapter.

(2) Requirements of claim

A claim may not be allowed under this subsection unless the claim is presented in writing to the Secretary within 2 years after the date on which the claim accrues.

(Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, §432, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 452.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1), was in the original "this title", meaning title IV of Pub. L. 106–224, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 438, known as the Plant Protection Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7701 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 1736h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736h: Congressional consultation on bilateral commodity supply agreements
Congressional consultation on bilateral commodity supply agreements
Status: in_force

As soon as practicable before the Government of the United States enters into any bilateral international agreement, other than a treaty, involving a commitment on the part of the United States to assure access by a foreign country or instrumentality thereof to United States agricultural commodities or products thereof on a commercial basis, the President is encouraged to notify and consult with the appropriate committees of Congress for the purpose of setting forth in detail the terms of and reasons for negotiating such agreement.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XII, §1202, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1275.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981, and not as part of the Food for Peace Act which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7035 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter X: FREEDOM TO E-FILE / Section 7035: Confidentiality
Confidentiality
Status: in_force

In carrying out this subchapter, the Secretary—

(1) may not make available any information over the Internet that would otherwise not be available for release under section 552 or 552a of title 5; and

(2) shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that the confidentiality of persons is maintained.

(Pub. L. 106–222, §6, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 355.)
7 U.S.C. § 98 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 4: NAVAL STORES / Section 98: Fees and charges for naval stores inspection and related services; establishment, collection, etc.; authorization of appropriations; administrative expenses
Fees and charges for naval stores inspection and related services; establishment, collection, etc.; authorization of appropriations; administrative expenses
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of Agriculture shall fix and cause to be collected fees and charges for the establishment of standards under section 93 of this title and for examinations, analyses, classifications, and other services under section 94 of this title which shall cover, as nearly as practicable, the costs of providing such services and standards as the Secretary shall deem necessary, including administrative and supervisory costs. Such fees and charges, when collected, shall be credited to the current appropriation account that incurs such costs and shall be available without fiscal year limitation to pay the expenses of the Secretary incident to providing such services and standards under this chapter. Fees and charges shall be assessed and collected from processors and warehousers of naval stores, and inspection and related services shall be suspended or denied to any such processor or warehouser upon failure to timely pay the fees and charges assessed.

(b) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for the enforcement and administration of this chapter.

(Mar. 3, 1923, ch. 217, §8, 42 Stat. 1436; Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §159(a)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 376.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Pub. L. 97–35 added subsec. (a). Former unlettered provisions were designated subsec. (b) and, as so designated, struck out authorization of the Secretary to employ personnel and make administrative expenditures.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 159(b) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 94 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 906 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter I: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION / Section 906: Funding for administrative expenses
Funding for administrative expenses
Status: in_force

For the purpose of administering this chapter and for the purpose of making the studies, investigations, publications, and reports herein provided for, there is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as shall be necessary.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title I, §6, 49 Stat. 1365; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 776, §2, 63 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 94–124, §3, Nov. 4, 1975, 89 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 103–437, §4(a)(3), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4581; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §775, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1150.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–127 struck out at end "On or before February 15, of each calendar year beginning with calendar year 1976, or such other date as may be specified by the appropriate committee, the Secretary of Agriculture shall testify before the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and provide justification in detail of the amount requested in the budget to be appropriated for the next fiscal year for the purpose of administering this chapter and for the purpose of making the studies, investigations, publications, and reports herein authorized."

1994—Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry" for "Committee on Agriculture and Forestry".

1975—Pub. L. 94–124 inserted requirement that the Secretary of Agriculture testify before the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry each calendar year on or before February 15th or other date specified by the Committees to provide justification in detail of the amount requested in the budget to be appropriated for the next fiscal year.

1949—Act Oct. 28, 1949, inserted "title I," in credit of act May 20, 1936.
7 U.S.C. § 444 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 444: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 444 was editorially reclassified as section 667f–2 of Title 16, Conservation.
7 U.S.C. § 215 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 215: Failure to obey orders; punishment
Failure to obey orders; punishment
Status: in_force

(a) Any stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer who knowingly fails to obey any order made under the provisions of sections 211, 212, or 213 of this title shall forfeit to the United States the sum of $500 for each offense. Each distinct violation shall be a separate offense, and in case of a continuing violation each day shall be deemed a separate offense. Such forfeiture shall be recoverable in a civil suit in the name of the United States.

(b) It shall be the duty of the various United States attorneys, under the direction of the Attorney General, to prosecute for the recovery of forfeitures. The costs and expense of such prosecution shall be paid out of the appropriation for the expenses of the courts of the United States.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §314, 42 Stat. 167; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 909.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorneys" for "district attorneys" in subsec. (a). See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision Notes thereunder.
7 U.S.C. § 2482 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2482: How issued
How issued
Status: in_force

A certificate of plant variety protection shall be issued in the name of the United States of America under the seal of the Plant Variety Protection Office, and shall be signed by the Secretary or have the signature of the Secretary placed thereon, and shall be recorded in the Plant Variety Protection Office.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §82, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1551; Pub. L. 103–349, §13(l), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3143.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–349 substituted "the signature of the Secretary" for "his signature".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–349 effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as a note under section 2401 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6917 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL REORGANIZATION AUTHORITIES / Section 6917: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12414(a)(4), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4981
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12414(a)(4), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4981
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §217, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3212, related to reports by Secretary.
7 U.S.C. § 4552 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 76: DAIRY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Subchapter III: INDEMNITY PAYMENTS TO DAIRY FARMERS / Section 4552: Authorization of appropriations for dairy farmer indemnities
Authorization of appropriations for dairy farmer indemnities
Status: in_force

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 90–484, §2, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 750.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 450k of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as part of Pub. L. 90–484, and not as part of the Dairy Production Stabilization Act of 1983 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

The following Acts authorized indemnity payments for the periods ending as indicated:

June 30, 1968—Pub. L. 90–95, §2, Sept. 28, 1967, 81 Stat. 231.

June 30, 1967—Pub. L. 89–794, title III, §301(c), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1465.

June 30, 1966—Pub. L. 89–253, §24, Oct. 9, 1965, 79 Stat. 977.

June 30, 1965—Pub. L. 89–16, title III, §303, Apr. 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 108.

Jan. 31, 1965—Pub. L. 88–452, title III, §331, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 525.
7 U.S.C. § 255 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 10: WAREHOUSES / Section 255: Jurisdiction and arbitration
Jurisdiction and arbitration
Status: in_force

(a) Federal jurisdiction

A district court of the United States shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any action brought under this chapter without regard to the amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties.

(b) Arbitration

Nothing in this chapter prevents the enforceability of an agreement to arbitrate that would otherwise be enforceable under chapter 1 of title 9.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §16, as added Pub. L. 106–472, title II, §201, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2068.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 255, act Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §14, 39 Stat. 488, deemed deposit of products in a licensed warehouse as deposit subject to this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472.

A prior section 16 of act Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, was classified to section 258 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472.
7 U.S.C. § 1608 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1608: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this chapter, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter, and the application of such provisions to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, §418, 53 Stat. 1290.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 166 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8: NURSERY STOCK AND OTHER PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS / Section 166: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 144, 38 Stat. 1113, as amended, which related to transmission by the Postal Service of packages containing plants or plant products for States inspection, was transferred to section 7760 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 148b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 7: INSECT PESTS GENERALLY / Section 148b: Repealed. Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 851, §4, 54 Stat. 1111
Repealed. Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 851, §4, 54 Stat. 1111
Status: repealed

Section, act Apr. 6, 1937, ch. 69, §3, as added May 9, 1938, ch. 192, 52 Stat. 344, related to procurement of materials and equipment for the control of insect pests and plant diseases.
7 U.S.C. § 511l (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21A: TOBACCO INSPECTION / Section 511l: Act of agent as that of principal
Act of agent as that of principal
Status: in_force

In construing and enforcing the provisions of this chapter; 1 the act; 1 omission, or failure of any agent, officer, or other person acting for or employed by an association, partnership, corporation, or firm, within the scope of his employment or office, shall be deemed to be the act, omission, or failure of the association, partnership, corporation, or firm, as well as that of the person.

(Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 623, §13, 49 Stat. 734.)

1 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a comma.
7 U.S.C. § 6916 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL REORGANIZATION AUTHORITIES / Section 6916: Improvement of information sharing
Improvement of information sharing
Status: in_force

Whenever the Secretary procures or uses computer systems, as may be provided for in advance in appropriations Acts, the Secretary shall do so in a manner that enhances efficiency, productivity, and client services and is consistent with the goal of promoting computer information sharing among agencies of the Department.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §216, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3212.)
7 U.S.C. § 8786 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 8786: Prevention of deceased individuals receiving payments under farm commodity programs
Prevention of deceased individuals receiving payments under farm commodity programs
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations that—

(1) describe the circumstances under which, in order to allow for the settlement of estates and for related purposes, payments may be issued in the name of a deceased individual; and

(2) preclude the issuance of payments to, and on behalf of, deceased individuals that were not eligible for the payments.

(b) Coordination

At least twice each year, the Secretary shall reconcile the social security numbers of all individuals who receive payments under this chapter, whether directly or indirectly, with the Social Security Administration to determine if the individuals are alive.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1611, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1611, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1746.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2254 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2254: Operation, maintenance and purchase of aircraft by Agricultural Research Service; construction and repair of buildings
Operation, maintenance and purchase of aircraft by Agricultural Research Service; construction and repair of buildings
Status: in_force

Appropriations for the Agricultural Research Service shall be available for the operation and maintenance of aircraft and the purchase of not to exceed one for replacement only and pursuant to section 2250 of this title for the construction, alteration, and repair of buildings and improvements.

(Pub. L. 118–42, div. B, title I, Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 69.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is from the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.

Section was formerly classified to section 568a of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 117–328, div. A, title I, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4466.

Pub. L. 117–103, div. A, title I, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 55.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. A, title I, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1189.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. B, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2615.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. B, title I, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 48.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. A, title I, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 354.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. A, title I, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 141.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. A, title I, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2248.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. A, title I, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2138.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. A, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 11.

Pub. L. 113–6, div. A, title I, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 203.

Pub. L. 112–55, div. A, title I, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 556.

Pub. L. 111–80, title I, Oct. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 2094.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. A, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 529.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. A, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1849.

Pub. L. 109–97, title I, Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2124.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. A, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2815.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title I, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 8.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 16.

Pub. L. 107–76, title I, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 708.

Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title I], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–5.

Pub. L. 106–78, title I, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1139.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–4.

Pub. L. 105–86, title I, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2083.

Pub. L. 104–180, title I, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1573.

Pub. L. 104–37, title I, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 303.

Pub. L. 103–330, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2439.

Pub. L. 103–111, title I, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1050.

Pub. L. 102–341, title I, Aug. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 877.

Pub. L. 102–142, title I, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 882.

Pub. L. 101–506, title I, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1319.

Pub. L. 101–161, title I, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 955, 956.

Pub. L. 100–460, title I, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2233.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–322, 1329–327.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783–4, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title I], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341–4.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(a) [H.R. 3037, title I], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185; Pub. L. 100–202, §106, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–433.

Pub. L. 97–370, title I, Dec. 18, 1982, 96 Stat. 1789.

Pub. L. 97–103, title I, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1469.

Pub. L. 96–528, title I, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3097.

Pub. L. 96–108, title I, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 822.

Pub. L. 95–448, title I, Oct. 11, 1978, 92 Stat. 1074.

Pub. L. 95–97, title I, Aug. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 811, 812.

Pub. L. 94–351, title I, July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 852.

Pub. L. 94–122, title I, Oct. 21, 1975, 89 Stat. 642, 643.

Pub. L. 93–563, title I, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1823.

Pub. L. 93–135, title I, Oct. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 470.

Pub. L. 92–399, title I, Aug. 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 593.

Pub. L. 92–73, title I, Aug. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 184.

Pub. L. 91–566, title I, Dec. 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 1480.

Pub. L. 91–127, title I, Nov. 26, 1969, 83 Stat. 245.

Pub. L. 90–463, title I, Aug. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 639.

Pub. L. 90–113, title I, Oct. 24, 1967, 81 Stat. 320.

Pub. L. 89–556, title I, Sept. 7, 1966, 80 Stat. 689.

Pub. L. 89–316, title I, Nov. 2, 1965, 79 Stat. 1165.

Pub. L. 88–573, title I, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 862.

Pub. L. 88–250, title I, Dec. 30, 1963, 77 Stat. 820.

Pub. L. 87–879, title I, Oct. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 1203.

Pub. L. 87–112, title I, July 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 226.

Pub. L. 86–532, title I, June 29, 1960, 74 Stat. 232.

Pub. L. 86–80, title I, July 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 167.

Pub. L. 85–459, title I, June 13, 1958, 72 Stat. 188.

Pub. L. 85–118, title I, Aug. 2, 1957, 71 Stat. 329.

June 4, 1956, ch. 355, title I, 70 Stat. 229.

May 23, 1955, ch. 43, title I, 69 Stat. 51.

June 29, 1954, ch. 409, title I, 68 Stat. 304.

July 28, 1953, ch. 251, title I, 67 Stat. 206.

July 5, 1952, ch. 574, title I, 66 Stat. 336.

Aug. 31, 1951, ch. 374, title I, 65 Stat. 226.

Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. VI, title I, 64 Stat. 658.

June 29, 1949, ch. 280, title I, 63 Stat. 329.

June 19, 1948, ch. 543, 62 Stat. 513.

July 30, 1947, ch. 356, title I, 61 Stat. 528.

June 22, 1946, ch. 445, 60 Stat. 276.

May 5, 1945, ch. 109, 59 Stat. 142.
7 U.S.C. § 7971 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter IV: SUGAR / Section 7971: Storage facility loans
Storage facility loans
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law and as soon as practicable after May 13, 2002, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall amend part 1436 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, to establish a sugar storage facility loan program to provide financing for processors of domestically-produced sugarcane and sugar beets to construct or upgrade storage and handling facilities for raw sugars and refined sugars.

(b) Eligible processors

A storage facility loan described in subsection (a) shall be made available to any processor of domestically produced sugarcane or sugar beets that (as determined by the Secretary)—

(1) has a satisfactory credit history;

(2) has a need for increased storage capacity, taking into account the effects of marketing allotments; and

(3) demonstrates an ability to repay the loan.

(c) Term of loans

A storage facility loan described in subsection (a) shall—

(1) have a minimum term of 7 years;

(2) not include any penalty for prepayment; and

(3) be in such amounts and on such other terms and conditions (including terms and conditions relating to downpayments, collateral, and eligible facilities) as are normal, customary, and appropriate for the size and commercial nature of the borrower.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1402, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 187; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1404, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 989; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1404, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1718.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c)(2), (3). Pub. L. 110–246, §1404, added par. (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (3), and, in par. (3), inserted "other" after "on such".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 8321 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 109: ANIMAL HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 8321: Pest and Disease Response Fund
Pest and Disease Response Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established on the books of the Treasury an account to be known as the "Pest and Disease Response Fund". There shall be deposited into the Fund any proceeds received by the Secretary of Agriculture as reimbursement for services provided by the Secretary using amounts in the Fund.

(b) Availability

Amounts in the Fund shall remain available until expended.

(c) Use of Fund

In implementing the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) and the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.), the Secretary of Agriculture shall have complete discretion regarding the use of amounts in the Fund to support emergency eradication and research activities in response to economic and health threats posed by pests and diseases affecting agricultural commodities.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

For each of the fiscal years 2005 through 2009, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Agriculture $1,000,000 for deposit in the Fund.

(Pub. L. 108–465, title IV, §401, Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3886.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Animal Health Protection Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is subtitle E (§§10401–10418) of title X of Pub. L. 107–171, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 494, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8301 of this title and Tables.

The Plant Protection Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is title IV of Pub. L. 106–224, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 438, which is classified principally to chapter 104 (§7701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7701 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004, and not as part of the Animal Health Protection Act which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1426 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1426: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(I), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(I), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Status: repealed

Section, acts Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §406, 63 Stat. 1055; Dec. 23, 1985, Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1016, 99 Stat. 1457; Nov. 28, 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1129, 104 Stat. 3508; Dec. 13, 1991, Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §113(11), 105 Stat. 1838, provided for advance announcement of price support levels.
7 U.S.C. § 427g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 427g: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Status: repealed

Section, act June 29, 1935, ch. 338, title I, §8, 49 Stat. 438, reserved the right to Congress to amend, suspend, or repeal act June 29, 1935. See section 361i of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Existing Rights and Liabilities

Any rights or liabilities existing under this section unaffected by repeal, see section 2 of act Aug. 11, 1955, set out as a note under former section 361 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5943 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5943: Rice research
Rice research
Status: in_force

(a) Regional and national research programs; rules; purposes

The Secretary of Agriculture may, under rules prescribed by such Secretary, carry out regional and national research programs with regard to rice for the following purposes:

(1) to reduce fertilizer and herbicide usage in excess of production needs;

(2) to develop varieties of rice more susceptible to complete fertilizer utilization;

(3) to improve the resistance of rice plants to disease and to enhance their conservation and environmental qualities;

(4) to increase the usage of rice and its processing byproducts;

(5) to develop better husbandry practices in production and conservation of rice;

(6) to develop more efficient rice storage practices;

(7) to improve domestic and international marketing of rice; and

(8) to benefit the general welfare.

(b) Utilization of services of Federal, State, local governmental and private agencies; priority consideration

The Secretary shall, in implementing the program authorized in subsection (a), utilize the technical and related services of appropriate Federal, State, local governmental, and private agencies, with priority consideration for land grant universities, State experiment stations, and other agricultural institutions of higher learning.

(c) Authorization of appropriations; use restriction

There is authorized to be appropriated not more than $1,000,000 for the period ending September 30, 1976, to carry out the provisions of this section. No funds authorized by this section shall be used for advertising or promotional activities.

(Pub. L. 94–214, title II, §201, Feb. 16, 1976, 90 Stat. 187.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 428c of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as part of the Rice Production Act of 1975, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.
7 U.S.C. § 2209c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2209c: Use of funds for one-year contracts to be performed in two fiscal years
Use of funds for one-year contracts to be performed in two fiscal years
Status: in_force

On and after October 28, 1991, funds appropriated to the Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration may be used for one-year contracts which are to be performed in two fiscal years so long as the total amount for such contracts is obligated in the year for which the funds are appropriated.

(Pub. L. 102–142, title VII, §725, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 913.)
7 U.S.C. § 1446f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter III: NONBASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1446f: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(H), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(H), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Status: repealed

Section 1446f, act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title II, §205, as added Nov. 28, 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, title VII, §701(2), 104 Stat. 3457; amended Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1105(a), 104 Stat. 1388–3; Dec. 13, 1991, Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §110, 105 Stat. 1829; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1108, 107 Stat. 325, related to loans and payments for oilseeds for 1991 through 1995 marketing years.

Section 1446g, act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title II, §206, as added Nov. 28, 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, title IX, §901(2), 104 Stat. 3478; amended Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1105(c), 104 Stat. 1388–5; Dec. 13, 1991, Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §111(a), 105 Stat. 1829; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1107(a), 107 Stat. 324, related to sugar price support for 1991 through 1997 crops.

Section 1446h, act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title II, §207, as added Nov. 28, 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, title X, §1001, 104 Stat. 3488; amended Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1105(d), 104 Stat. 1388–5; Aug. 10, 1993, Pub. L. 103–66, title I, §1110, 107 Stat. 326, related to honey price support for the 1991 through 1998 crops of honey.
7 U.S.C. § 1738r (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter VI: ENTERPRISE FOR THE AMERICAS INITIATIVE / Section 1738r: "Qualified debt" defined
"Qualified debt" defined
Status: in_force

As used in sections 1738o, 1738p, and 1738q of this title, the term "qualified debt" means any obligation, or portion of such obligation, of an eligible country to pay for purchases of United States agricultural commodities guaranteed by the Commodity Credit Corporation under export credit guarantee programs authorized pursuant to section 714c(f) of title 15 or section 1707a(b) 1 of this title—

(1) in which the Commodity Credit Corporation obtained a legal right or interest, as a result of assignment or subrogation, not later than September 1, 1992; and

(2) the payment of which obligation has been, not later than September 1, 1992, rescheduled in accordance with principles set forth in an Agreed Minute of the Paris Club.

Such term includes the obligation to pay any interest which was due or accrued not later than September 1, 1992, and unpaid as of the date of a debt sale pursuant to section 1738o of this title or a debt sale, reduction, or cancellation pursuant to section 1738p of this title (as the case may be).

(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title VI, §619, as added Pub. L. 102–532, §2, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3511.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1707a of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1574, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702. See section 5621 et seq. of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 3222e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter VI: 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGE FUNDING / Section 3222e: New beginning for tribal students
New beginning for tribal students
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Indian tribe

The term "Indian tribe" has the meaning given such term in section 5304 of title 25).1

(2) Land-grant college or university

The term "land-grant college or university" includes a 1994 Institution (as defined in section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–382; 7 U.S.C. 301 note)).

(3) Tribal student

The term "Tribal student" means a student at a land-grant college or university that is a member of an Indian tribe.

(b) New beginning initiative

(1) Authorization

The Secretary may make competitive grants to land-grant colleges and universities to provide identifiable support specifically targeted for Tribal students.

(2) Application

A land-grant college or university that desires to receive a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may require.

(3) Use of funds

A land-grant college or university that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant funds to support Tribal students through—

(A) recruiting;

(B) tuition and related fees;

(C) experiential learning; and

(D) student services, including—

(i) tutoring;

(ii) counseling;

(iii) academic advising; and

(iv) other student services that would increase the retention and graduation rate of Tribal students enrolled at the land-grant college or university, as determined by the Secretary.

(4) Matching funds

A land-grant college or university that receives a grant under this section shall provide matching funds toward the cost of carrying out the activities described in this section in an amount equal to not less than 100 percent of the grant award.

(5) Maximum amount per state

No State shall receive, through grants made under this section to land-grant colleges and universities located in the State, more than $500,000 per year.

(c) Report

Not later than 3 years after December 20, 2018, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate a report that includes an itemized list of grant funds distributed under this section, including the specific form of assistance provided under subsection (b)(3), and the number of Tribal students assisted and the graduation rate of Tribal students at land-grant colleges and universities receiving grants under this section.

(d) Authorization of appropriation

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1450, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7120, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4791.)

1 So in original. The closing parenthesis probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 3124 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter II: COORDINATION AND PLANNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Section 3124: Existing research programs
Existing research programs
Status: in_force

It is the intent of Congress in enacting this chapter to augment, coordinate, and supplement the planning, initiation, and conduct of agricultural research programs existing prior to September 29, 1977, except that it is not the intent of Congress in enacting this title to limit the authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services under any Act which the Secretary of Health and Human Services administers.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1409, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 989; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1409, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1301.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of "this chapter", referred to in text, see note set out under section 3102 of this title.

Amendments

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 substituted "Secretary of Health and Human Services" for "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 428b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 428b: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 428b was editorially reclassified as section 5942 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2009l (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter V: RURAL COMMUNITY ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM / Section 2009l: Duties of Rural Economic and Community Development State Offices
Duties of Rural Economic and Community Development State Offices
Status: in_force

In carrying out this subchapter, the Director of a Rural Economic and Community Development State Office shall—

(1) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the State strategic plan referred to in section 2009c of this title is implemented;

(2) coordinate community development objectives within the State;

(3) establish links between local, State, and field office program administrators of the Department of Agriculture;

(4) ensure that recipient communities comply with applicable Federal and State laws and requirements; and

(5) integrate State development programs with assistance under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §381M, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §761, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1146.)
7 U.S.C. § 27c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 27c: Exclusion of certain other identified banking products
Exclusion of certain other identified banking products
Status: in_force

(a) In general

No provision of the Commodity Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.] shall apply to, and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission shall not exercise regulatory authority with respect to, a banking product if the product is a hybrid instrument that is predominantly a banking product under the predominance test set forth in subsection (b).

(b) Predominance test

A hybrid instrument shall be considered to be predominantly a banking product for purposes of this section if—

(1) the issuer of the hybrid instrument receives payment in full of the purchase price of the hybrid instrument substantially contemporaneously with delivery of the hybrid instrument;

(2) the purchaser or holder of the hybrid instrument is not required to make under the terms of the instrument, or any arrangement referred to in the instrument, any payment to the issuer in addition to the purchase price referred to in paragraph (1), whether as margin, settlement payment, or otherwise during the life of the hybrid instrument or at maturity;

(3) the issuer of the hybrid instrument is not subject by the terms of the instrument to mark-to-market margining requirements; and

(4) the hybrid instrument is not marketed as a contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or option on such a contract) subject to the Commodity Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.].

(c) Mark-to-market margining requirement

For purposes of subsection (b)(3) of this title, mark-to-market margining requirements shall not include the obligation of an issuer of a secured debt instrument to increase the amount of collateral held in pledge for the benefit of the purchaser of the secured debt instrument to secure the repayment obligations of the issuer under the secured debt instrument.

(Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title IV, §405], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–459.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Commodity Exchange Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(4), is act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Legal Certainty for Bank Products Act of 2000, and also as part of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, and not as part of the Commodity Exchange Act which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1293 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter I: ADJUSTMENT IN FREIGHT RATES, NEW USES AND MARKETS, AND DISPOSITION OF SURPLUSES / Section 1293: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title II, §204, 52 Stat. 38, which provided for annual report of Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation, was transferred to section 713c–1 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
7 U.S.C. § 940f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 940f: Extension of period of existing guarantee
Extension of period of existing guarantee
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to the limitations in this section and the provisions of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.], as amended, a borrower of a loan made by the Federal Financing Bank and guaranteed under this chapter may request an extension of the final maturity of the outstanding principal balance of such loan or any loan advance thereunder. If the Secretary and the Federal Financing Bank approve such an extension, then the period of the existing guarantee shall also be considered extended.

(b) Limitations

(1) Feasibility and security

Extensions under this section shall not be made unless the Secretary first finds and certifies that, after giving effect to the extension, in his judgment the security for all loans to the borrower made or guaranteed under this chapter is reasonably adequate and that all such loans will be repaid within the time agreed.

(2) Extension of useful life or collateral

Extensions under this section shall not be granted unless the borrower first submits with its request either—

(A) evidence satisfactory to the Secretary that a Federal or State agency with jurisdiction and expertise has made an official determination, such as through a licensing proceeding, extending the useful life of a generating plant or transmission line pledged as collateral to or beyond the new final maturity date being requested by the borrower, or

(B) a certificate from an independent licensed engineer concluding, on the basis of a thorough engineering analysis satisfactory to the Secretary, that the useful life of the generating plant or transmission line pledged as collateral extends to or beyond the new final maturity date being requested by the borrower.

(3) Amount eligible for extension

Extensions under this section shall not be granted if the principal balance extended exceeds the appraised value of the generating plant or transmission line referred to in subsection paragraph (2).

(4) Period of extension

Extensions under this section shall in no case result in a final maturity greater than 55 years from the time of original disbursement and shall in no case result in a final maturity greater than the useful life of the plant.

(5) Number of extensions

Extensions under this section shall not be granted more than once per loan advance.

(c) Fees

(1) In general

A borrower that receives an extension under this section shall pay a fee to the Secretary which shall be credited to the Rural Electrification and Telecommunications Loans Program account. Such fees shall remain available without fiscal year limitation to pay the modification costs for extensions.

(2) Amount

The amount of the fee paid shall be equal to the modification cost, calculated in accordance with section 502 of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 [2 U.S.C. 661a], as amended, of such extension.

(3) Payment

The borrower shall pay the fee required under this section at the time the existing guarantee is extended by making a payment in the amount of the required fee.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §316, as added Pub. L. 109–97, title VII, §774, Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2160.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a), is title V of Pub. L. 93–344, as added by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§661 et seq.) of chapter 17A of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 621 of Title 2 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 429 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 429: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title X, §10418(a)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title X, §10418(a)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507
Status: repealed

Section, act Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title I, §101(b), 58 Stat. 734; Aug. 4, 1950, ch. 579, 64 Stat. 413, related to improvement of poultry, poultry products, and hatcheries.
7 U.S.C. § 2279g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2279g: Marketing services; cooperative agreements
Marketing services; cooperative agreements
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding chapter 63 of title 31, marketing services of the Agricultural Marketing Service; the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration; the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; and the food safety activities of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, on and after February 20, 2003, may use cooperative agreements to reflect a relationship between the Agricultural Marketing Service; the Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration; the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; or the Food Safety and Inspection Service and a State or cooperator to carry out agricultural marketing programs, to carry out programs to protect the nation's animal and plant resources, or to carry out educational programs or special studies to improve the safety of the nation's food supply.

(Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §713, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 39.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 107–76, title VII, §713, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 733.

Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title VII, §713], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–29.

Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §716, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1162.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title VII, §715], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–26.

Pub. L. 105–86, title VII, §717, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2106.

Pub. L. 104–180, title VII, §717, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1598.

Pub. L. 104–37, title VII, §717, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 331.

Pub. L. 103–330, title VII, §720, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2469.
7 U.S.C. § 2303 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 56: UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES AFFECTING PRODUCERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Section 2303: Prohibited practices
Prohibited practices
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any handler knowingly to engage or permit any employee or agent to engage in the following practices:

(a) To coerce any producer in the exercise of his right to join and belong to or to refrain from joining or belonging to an association of producers, or to refuse to deal with any producer because of the exercise of his right to join and belong to such an association; or

(b) To discriminate against any producer with respect to price, quantity, quality, or other terms of purchase, acquisition, or other handling of agricultural products because of his membership in or contract with an association of producers; or

(c) To coerce or intimidate any producer to enter into, maintain, breach, cancel, or terminate a membership agreement or marketing contract with an association of producers or a contract with a handler; or

(d) To pay or loan money, give any thing of value, or offer any other inducement or reward to a producer for refusing to or ceasing to belong to an association of producers; or

(e) To make false reports about the finances, management, or activities of associations of producers or handlers; or

(f) To conspire, combine, agree, or arrange with any other person to do, or aid or abet the doing of, any act made unlawful by this chapter.

(Pub. L. 90–288, §4, Apr. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 94.)
7 U.S.C. § 1391 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1391: Authorization of appropriations; loans from Commodity Credit Corporation
Authorization of appropriations; loans from Commodity Credit Corporation
Status: in_force

(a) Beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated, for each fiscal year for the administration of this chapter and for the making of soil conservation and other payments such sums as Congress may determine, in addition to any amount made available pursuant to section 590o of title 16.

(b) For the administration of this chapter (and the provisions of chapter 36 of this title) during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938, there is hereby authorized to be made available from the funds appropriated for such fiscal year for carrying out the purposes of sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16, a sum not to exceed $5,000,000.

(c) During each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, the Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized and directed to loan to the Secretary such sums, not to exceed $50,000,000, as he estimates will be required during such fiscal year, to make crop insurance premium advances and to make advances pursuant to the applicable provisions of sections 590h and 590l of title 16, in connection with programs applicable to crops harvested in the calendar year in which such fiscal year ends, and to pay the administrative expenses of county agricultural conservation associations for the calendar year in which such fiscal year ends. The sums so loaned during any fiscal year shall be transferred to the current appropriation available for carrying out sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16 and shall be repaid, with interest at a rate to be determined by the Secretary but not less than the cost of money to the Commodity Credit Corporation for a comparable period, during the succeeding fiscal year from the appropriation available for that year or from any unobligated balance of the appropriation for any other year.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §391, 52 Stat. 69; July 2, 1940, ch. 521, §8, 54 Stat. 728.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1940—Subsec. (c). Act July 2, 1940, added subsec. (c).

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Administration of program of Commodity Credit Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer, or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, effective June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 9013 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: COMMODITY POLICY / Section 9013: Payment yields
Payment yields
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment and purpose

For the purpose of making price loss coverage payments under section 9016 of this title, the Secretary shall provide for the establishment of a yield for each farm for any designated oilseed for which a payment yield was not established under section 8712 of this title in accordance with this section.

(b) Payment yields for designated oilseeds

(1) Determination of average yield

In the case of oilseeds designated before December 20, 2018, the Secretary shall determine the average yield per planted acre for the designated oilseed on a farm for the 1998 through 2001 crop years, excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the designated oilseed was zero.

(2) Adjustment for payment yield

(A) In general

The payment yield for a farm for an oilseed designated before December 20, 2018, shall be equal to the product of the following:

(i) The average yield for the designated oilseed determined under paragraph (1).

(ii) The ratio resulting from dividing the national average yield for the designated oilseed for the 1981 through 1985 crops by the national average yield for the designated oilseed for the 1998 through 2001 crops.

(B) No national average yield information available

To the extent that national average yield information for an oilseed designated before December 20, 2018, is not available, the Secretary shall use such information as the Secretary determines to be fair and equitable to establish a national average yield under this section.

(3) Use of county average yield

If the yield per planted acre for a crop of an oilseed designated before December 20, 2018, for a farm for any of the 1998 through 2001 crop years was less than 75 percent of the county yield for that designated oilseed, the Secretary shall assign a yield for that crop year equal to 75 percent of the county yield for the purpose of determining the average under paragraph (1).

(4) Treatment of oilseeds designated after certain date

In the case of oilseeds designated on or after December 20, 2018, the payment yield shall be equal to 90 percent of the average of the yield per planted acre for the most recent 5 crop years, as determined by the Secretary, excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the covered commodity was zero.

(c) Effect of lack of payment yield

(1) Establishment by Secretary

In the case of a covered commodity on a farm for which base acres have been established or that is planted on generic base acres, if no payment yield is otherwise established for the covered commodity on the farm, the Secretary shall establish an appropriate payment yield for the covered commodity on the farm under paragraph (2).

(2) Use of similarly situated farms

To establish an appropriate payment yield for a covered commodity on a farm as required by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall take into consideration the farm program payment yields applicable to that covered commodity for similarly situated farms. The use of such data in an appeal, by the Secretary or by the producer, shall not be subject to any other provision of law.

(d) Single opportunity to update yields

(1) Election to update

At the sole discretion of the owner of a farm, the owner of a farm shall have a 1-time opportunity to update, on a covered-commodity-by-covered-commodity basis, the payment yield that would otherwise be used in calculating any price loss coverage payment for each covered commodity on the farm for which the election is made.

(2) Method of updating yields for covered commodities

If the owner of a farm elects to update yields under paragraph (1), the payment yield for a covered commodity on the farm, for the purpose of calculating price loss coverage payments only, shall be equal to the product obtained by multiplying—

(A) 90 percent;

(B) the average of the yield per planted acre for the crop of covered commodities on the farm for the 2013 through 2017 crop years, as determined by the Secretary, excluding any crop year in which the acreage planted to the covered commodity was zero; and

(C) subject to paragraph (3), the ratio obtained by dividing—

(i) the average of the 2008 through 2012 national average yield per planted acre for the covered commodity, as determined by the Secretary; by

(ii) the average of the 2013 through 2017 national average yield per planted acre for the covered commodity, as determined by the Secretary.

(3) Limitation

In no case shall the ratio obtained under paragraph (2)(C) be less than 90 percent or greater than 100 percent.

(4) Use of county average yield

For the purposes of determining the average yield per planted acre under paragraph (2)(B), if the yield per planted acre for a crop of a covered commodity for a farm for any of the crop years described in that subparagraph was less than 75 percent of the average of county yields for those crop years for that commodity, the Secretary shall assign a yield for that crop year equal to 75 percent of the average of the 2013 through 2017 county yield for the covered commodity.

(5) Upland cotton conversion

In the case of seed cotton, for purposes of determining the average of the yield per planted acre under this subsection, the average yield for seed cotton per planted acre shall be equal to 2.4 times the average yield for upland cotton per planted acre.

(6) Time for election

An election under this subsection shall be made at a time and manner so as to be in effect beginning with the 2020 crop year, as determined by the Secretary.

(e) Payment yield for seed cotton

(1) Payment yield

Subject to paragraph (2), the payment yield for seed cotton for a farm shall be equal to 2.4 times the payment yield for upland cotton for the farm established under section 8714(e)(3) of this title (as in effect on September 30, 2013).

(2) Update

At the sole discretion of the owner of a farm with a yield for upland cotton described in paragraph (1), the owner of the farm shall have a 1-time opportunity to update the payment yield for upland cotton for the farm, as provided in subsection (d), for the purpose of calculating the payment yield for seed cotton under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1113, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 664; Pub. L. 115–123, div. F, §60101(a)(4), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 308; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1103, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4501.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §1103(a)(1), substituted "oilseeds designated before December 20, 2018" for "designated oilseeds".

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115–334, §1103(a)(2), substituted "an oilseed designated before December 20, 2018," for "a designated oilseed" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 115–334, §1103(a)(3), added par. (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–334, §1103(b), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which consisted of pars. (1) to (4) relating to election to update payment yield, time for election, method of updating yields, and use of county average yield, respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–123 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–123 applicable beginning with the 2018 crop year, see section 60101(a)(13) of Pub. L. 115–123, set out as a note under section 9011 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6924 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL REORGANIZATION AUTHORITIES / Section 6924: Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison
Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish a Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison to coordinate Federal, State, local, and nongovernmental programs, and other efforts, to measure and reduce the incidence of food loss and waste in accordance with this section.

(b) In general

The Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison shall—

(1) coordinate food loss and waste reduction efforts within the Department of Agriculture and with other Federal agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration;

(2) support and promote Federal programs to measure and reduce the incidence of food loss and waste and increase food recovery;

(3) provide information to, and serve as a resource for, entities engaged in food loss and waste reduction and food recovery, including information about the availability of, and eligibility requirements for, participation in Federal, State, local, and nongovernmental programs;

(4) raise awareness of the liability protections afforded under the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act (42 U.S.C. 1791) to persons engaged in food loss and waste reduction and food recovery; and

(5) make recommendations with respect to expanding innovative food recovery models and reducing the incidence of food loss and waste.

(c) Cooperative agreements

For purposes of carrying out the duties under subsection (b), the Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison may enter into contracts or cooperative agreements with the research centers of the Research, Education, and Economics mission area, institutions of higher education (as defined in section 1001 of title 20), or nonprofit organizations for—

(1) the development of educational materials;

(2) the conduct of workshops and courses; or

(3) the conduct of research on best practices with respect to food loss and waste reduction and food recovery.

(d) Study on food waste

The Secretary shall conduct a study, in consultation with the Food Loss and Waste Reduction Liaison, to evaluate and determine—

(1) methods of measuring food waste;

(2) standards for the volume of food waste;

(3) factors that contribute to food waste;

(4) the cost and volume of food loss;

(5) the effectiveness of existing liability protections afforded under the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act (42 U.S.C. 1791); and

(6) measures to ensure that programs contemplated, undertaken, or funded by the Department of Agriculture do not disrupt existing food waste recovery and disposal efforts by commercial, marketing, or business relationships.

(e) Reports

(1) Initial report

Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018, the Food Loss and Waste Liaison shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes the results of the study conducted under subsection (d).

(2) Report

Not later than 1 year after the date of the submission of the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that contains, with respect to the preceding year—

(A) an estimate of the quantity of food waste during such year; and

(B) the results of the food waste reduction and loss prevention activities carried out or led by the Department of Agriculture.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §224, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12504, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4987.)
7 U.S.C. § 2241a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2241a: Exchange or sale authority
Exchange or sale authority
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of qualified item of personal property

In this section, the term "qualified item of personal property" means—

(1) an animal;

(2) an animal product;

(3) a plant; or

(4) a plant product.

(b) General authority

Except as provided in subsection (c), notwithstanding chapter 5 of subtitle I of title 40, the Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics, in managing personal property for the purpose of carrying out the research functions of the Department, may exchange, sell, or otherwise dispose of any qualified item of personal property, including by way of public auction, and may retain and apply the sale or other proceeds, without further appropriation and without fiscal year limitation, in whole or in partial payment—

(1) to acquire any qualified item of personal property; or

(2) to offset costs related to the maintenance, care, or feeding of any qualified item of personal property.

(c) Exception

Subsection (b) does not apply to the free dissemination of new varieties of seeds and germplasm in accordance with section 2201 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title III, §307, as added Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7408, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1252, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7408, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2013; amended Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7605, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 912.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2014—Pub. L. 113–79 made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 110–246, §7408, which enacted this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 388 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter II: EXPERIMENT STATIONS FOR PROPAGATION OF TREES, SHRUBS, VINES, AND VEGETABLES / Section 388: Station for southern Great Plains area; establishment
Station for southern Great Plains area; establishment
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to cause such shade, ornamental, fruit, and shelter-belt trees, shrubs, and vines as are adapted to the conditions and needs of the southern Great Plains area, comprised of those parts of the States of Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico lying west of the ninety-eighth meridian and east of the five thousand-foot contour line, to be propagated at one of the existing field stations of the Department of Agriculture in such area, and seedlings and cuttings and seeds of such trees, shrubs, and vines to be distributed free of charge under such regulations as he may prescribe for experimental and demonstration purposes within such area.

(Apr. 16, 1928, ch. 377, §1, 45 Stat. 430.)

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5822 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter I: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 5822: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title II, §2816, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4602
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title II, §2816, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4602
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1451, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3607; Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1204(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–11; Pub. L. 102–237, title II, §201(a), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1846, related to Integrated Farm Management Program Option to assist producers of agricultural commodities in adopting integrated, multiyear, site-specific farm management plans.
7 U.S.C. § 1366 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1366: Court review
Court review
Status: in_force

The review by the court shall be limited to questions of law, and the findings of fact by the review committee, if supported by evidence shall be conclusive. If application is made to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for failure to adduce such evidence in the hearing before the review committee, the court may direct such additional evidence to be taken before the review committee in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as to the court may seem proper. The review committee may modify its findings of fact or its determination by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and it shall file with the court such modified findings or determination, which findings of fact shall be conclusive. The court shall hear and determine the case upon the original record of the hearing before the review committee, and upon such record as supplemented if supplemented, by further hearing before the review committee pursuant to direction of the court. The court shall affirm the review committee's determination, or modified determination, if the court determines that the same is in accordance with law. If the court determines that such determination or modified determination is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the proceeding to the review committee with direction either to make such determination as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law or to take such further proceedings as, in the court's opinion, the law requires.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §366, 52 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 98–620, title IV, §402(6), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3357.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–620 substituted "The court" for "At the earliest convenient time, the court, in term time or vacation,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–620 not applicable to cases pending on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 403 of Pub. L. 98–620, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1657 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 8785 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 8785: Tracking of benefits
Tracking of benefits
Status: in_force

As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary may track the benefits provided, directly or indirectly, to individuals and entities under titles I and II and the amendments made by those titles.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1609, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1609, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1746.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Titles I and II, referred to in text, are titles I and II of Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1753, which enacted this chapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of titles I and II to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 178f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter II: CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Section 178f: Assistance from States and public agencies; contracts and agreements
Assistance from States and public agencies; contracts and agreements
Status: in_force

The Secretaries are authorized to accept financial or other assistance from any State or public agency to aid in carrying out the provisions of this subchapter and to enter into contracts with respect to such assistance and to enter into agreements with any State or public agency for the purpose of demonstrating, transferring, or applying results of research or methods of economic development relating to native latex or to other critical agricultural materials.

(Pub. L. 95–592, §8, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 98–284, §8, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 183.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–284 inserted "or to other critical agricultural materials".
7 U.S.C. § 5675 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5675: Technical assistance in trade negotiations
Technical assistance in trade negotiations
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall provide technical services to the United States Trade Representative on matters pertaining to agricultural trade and with respect to international negotiations on issues related to agricultural trade.

(Pub. L. 95–501, title IV, §415, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3685.)
7 U.S.C. § 2150 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2150: Repealed. Pub. L. 94-279, §14, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 421
Repealed. Pub. L. 94-279, §14, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 421
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–544, §20, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 353; Pub. L. 91–579, §21, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1565, provided for issuance of cease and desist orders if Secretary had reason to believe that any research facility had violated any provision of this chapter, provided for a civil penalty, and provided appeal mechanism by which aggrieved person may have judicial review of such final order by Secretary. See section 2149 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7110 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 99: SHEEP PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7110: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary may issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 103–407, §11, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4226.)
7 U.S.C. § 4905 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 80: WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 4905: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary may issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter and the powers vested in the Secretary under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1646, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1624.)
7 U.S.C. § 7421 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter II: ISSUANCE OF ORDERS FOR PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES REGARDING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 7421: Suspension or termination
Suspension or termination
Status: in_force

(a) Mandatory suspension or termination

The Secretary shall suspend or terminate an order or a provision of an order if the Secretary finds that an order or a provision of an order obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the purpose of this subchapter, or if the Secretary determines that the order or a provision of an order is not favored by persons voting in a referendum conducted under section 7417 of this title.

(b) Implementation of suspension or termination

If, as a result of a referendum conducted under section 7417 of this title, the Secretary determines that an order is not approved, the Secretary shall—

(1) not later than 180 days after making the determination, suspend or terminate, as the case may be, collection of assessments under the order; and

(2) as soon as practicable, suspend or terminate, as the case may be, activities under the order in an orderly manner.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §522, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1047.)
7 U.S.C. § 1010a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter III: LAND CONSERVATION AND LAND UTILIZATION / Section 1010a: Soil, water, and related resource data
Soil, water, and related resource data
Status: in_force

In recognition of the increasing need for soil, water, and related source data for land conservation, use, and development, for guidance of community development for a balanced rural-urban growth, for identification of prime agriculture producing areas that should be protected, and for use in protecting the quality of the environment, the Secretary of Agriculture is directed to carry out a land inventory and monitoring program to include, but not be limited to, studies and surveys of erosion and sediment damages, flood plain identification and utilization, land use changes and trends, and degradation of the environment resulting from improper use of soil, water, and related resources.

(Pub. L. 92–419, title III, §302, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §102(c), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2237.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which constitutes a major part of this chapter.

Amendments

1980—Pub. L. 96–470 struck out provision that the Secretary issue at not less than five-year intervals a land inventory report reflecting soil, water, and related resource conditions.
7 U.S.C. § 1436 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1436: Reimbursement of appropriations available for classing or grading agriculture commodities without charge
Reimbursement of appropriations available for classing or grading agriculture commodities without charge
Status: in_force

On and after June 29, 1949, appropriations available for classing or grading any agricultural commodity without charge to the producers thereof may be reimbursed from nonadministrative funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation for the cost of classing or grading any such commodity for producers who obtain Commodity Credit Corporation price support.

(June 29, 1949, ch. 280, title I, 63 Stat. 344.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 440 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act, 1950, and not as part of the Agricultural Act of 1949 which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of the 1949 Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Executive Documents

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of the said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1006c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter I: TENANT PURCHASE LOANS AND MORTGAGE INSURANCE / Section 1006c: Repealed. Pub. L. 87-128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318
Repealed. Pub. L. 87-128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318
Status: repealed

Section 1006c, act July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title I, §16, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 633, §1, 69 Stat. 553; amended Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 829, §1(h), 70 Stat. 802, provided for additional insurance of loans, mortgages and other security, lien, definitions of mortgage, insured mortgage, mortgagor and mortgagee, conversion to insured loan and rights of holder of insured note.

Section 1006d, act July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title I, §17, as added Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 829, §1(i), 70 Stat. 802; amended Sept. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–332, 73 Stat. 599, related to loans for refinancing indebtedness on farms of not more than family size and restrictions and limitations thereon.

Section 1006e, act July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title I, §18, as added Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–748, §1(a), 72 Stat. 840, related to authorization of Secretary for execution, insurance and sale of loans, interest, insurance, appraisal and delinquency charges, computation of aggregate amount of principal obligations which may be insured, insurance of loans from funds advanced by lenders other than United States, provisions applicable to loans, conversion of loans to insured loans, expense funds, sale of loans on noninsured basis and assignment of loans.

For subject matter of sections 1006c to 1006e of this title, see section 1921 et seq. of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective one hundred and twenty days after Aug. 8, 1961, or such earlier date as the provisions of section 1921 et seq. of this title are made effective by regulations of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 341(a) of Pub. L. 87–128, set out as a note under section 1921 of this title.

Sections repealed effective Oct. 15, 1961, by former section 300.1 of Title 6, Code of Federal Regulations, see Effective Date note under section 1921 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 252 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 10: WAREHOUSES / Section 252: Suspension or revocation of licenses
Suspension or revocation of licenses
Status: in_force

(a) In general

After providing notice and an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with this section, the Secretary may suspend or revoke any license issued, or approval for an activity provided, under this chapter—

(1) for a material violation of, or failure to comply, with any provision of this chapter (including regulations promulgated under this chapter); or

(2) on the ground that unreasonable or exorbitant charges have been imposed for services rendered.

(b) Temporary suspension

The Secretary may temporarily suspend a license or approval for an activity under this chapter prior to an opportunity for a hearing for any violation of, or failure to comply with, any provision of this chapter (including regulations promulgated under this chapter).

(c) Authority to conduct hearings

The agency within the Department that is responsible for administering regulations promulgated under this chapter shall have exclusive authority to conduct any hearing required under this section.

(d) Judicial review

(1) Jurisdiction

A final administrative determination issued subsequent to a hearing may be reviewable only in a district court of the United States.

(2) Procedure

The review shall be conducted in accordance with the standards set forth in section 706(2) of title 5.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §13, as added Pub. L. 106–472, title II, §201, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2067.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 252, acts Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §11, 39 Stat. 487; Feb. 23, 1923, ch. 106, 42 Stat. 1283; Mar. 2, 1931, ch. 366, §6, 46 Stat. 1464, authorized license to classify, grade, or weigh agricultural products, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472. See section 242 of this title.

A prior section 13 of act Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, was classified to section 254 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472.
7 U.S.C. § 2211b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2211b: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-354, title II, §§218(e)(2)-(6), 231(f)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3213, 3219
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-354, title II, §§218(e)(2)-(6), 231(f)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3213, 3219
Status: repealed

Section 2211b, Pub. L. 96–355, §3(a), Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1173, authorized appointment of an Under Secretary of Agriculture for Small Community and Rural Development.

Section 2212, acts Feb. 9, 1889, ch. 122, §2, 25 Stat. 659; June 30, 1906, ch. 3913, 34 Stat. 670, authorized appointment of an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 2212a, Pub. L. 92–419, title VI, §604(a), Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 676, authorized appointment of an additional Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 2212b, Pub. L. 94–561, §2, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643, authorized appointment of an additional Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 2212c, Pub. L. 97–325, §8(a), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1605, authorized appointment of an additional Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.
7 U.S.C. § 1429 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1429: Determinations of Secretary as final and conclusive
Determinations of Secretary as final and conclusive
Status: in_force

Determinations made by the Secretary under this Act shall be final and conclusive: Provided, That the scope and nature of such determinations shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act [15 U.S.C. 714 et seq.].

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §412, 63 Stat. 1057.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, known as the Agricultural Act of 1949, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1421 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

The Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act, referred to in text, is act June 29, 1948, ch. 704, 62 Stat. 1070, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§714 et seq.) of chapter 15 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 714 of Title 15 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 2103 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 53: COTTON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2103: Notice and hearing upon proposed orders
Notice and hearing upon proposed orders
Status: in_force

Whenever the Secretary has reason to believe that the issuance of an order will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, he shall give due notice and opportunity for a hearing upon a proposed order. Such hearing may be requested and a proposal for an order submitted by any cotton producer organization certified pursuant to section 2113 of this title or by any other interested person or persons, including the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 89–502, §4, July 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 280.)
7 U.S.C. § 1433a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1433a: Forgiveness of violations; determinations
Forgiveness of violations; determinations
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever a producer samples, turns, moves, or replaces grain or any other commodity which is security for a Commodity Credit Corporation producer loan or is held under a producer reserve program, and does so in violation of law or regulation, the appropriate county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16 may forgive some or all of the penalties and requirements that would normally be imposed on the producer by reason of the violation, if such committee determines that (1) the violation occurred inadvertently or accidentally, because of lack of knowledge or understanding of the law or regulation, or because the producer or the producer's agent acted to prevent spoilage of the commodity, and (2) the violation did not result in harm or damage to the rights or interests of any person. The county committee shall furnish a copy of its determination to the Administrator of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service and the appropriate State committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16. The determination may be disapproved by either the Administrator or the State committee within sixty days after receipt of a copy of the determination. Any determination not disapproved by the Administrator or such State committee within such sixty-day period shall be considered approved.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §422, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title X, §1002, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1260.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(10) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(10) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(10) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(J) of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 4313 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4313: Administrative and judicial review; procedures applicable
Administrative and judicial review; procedures applicable
Status: in_force

(a) Any person subject to any order may file a written petition with the Secretary, stating that any such order or any provisions of such order or any obligations imposed in connection therewith is not in accordance with law and praying for a modification thereof or to be exempted therefrom. Such person shall thereupon be given an opportunity for a hearing upon such petition, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary. After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling upon the prayer of such petition which shall be final if in accordance with law.

(b) The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person is an inhabitant, or carries on business, are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review such ruling, provided a complaint for that purpose is filed within twenty days from the date of the entry of such ruling. Service of process in such proceedings may be had upon the Secretary by delivering to the Secretary a copy of the complaint. If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, it shall remand such proceedings to the Secretary with directions either (1) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law, or (2) to take such further proceedings as, in its opinion, the law requires. The pendency of proceedings instituted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not impede, hinder, or delay the United States or the Secretary from obtaining relief pursuant to section 4314(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1714, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1355.)
7 U.S.C. § 2713 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 60: EGG RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 2713: Administrative review of orders; petition; hearing; judicial review
Administrative review of orders; petition; hearing; judicial review
Status: in_force

(a) Any person subject to any order may file a written petition with the Secretary, stating that any such order or any provisions of such order or any obligations imposed in connection therewith is not in accordance with law and praying for a modification thereof or to be exempted therefrom. He shall thereupon be given an opportunity for a hearing upon such petition, in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary. After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling upon the prayer of such petition which shall be final, if in accordance with law.

(b) The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person is an inhabitant, or has his principal place of business, are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review such ruling, provided a complaint for that purpose is filed within twenty days from the date of the entry of such ruling. Service of process in such proceedings may be had upon the Secretary by delivering to him a copy of the complaint. If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, it shall remand such proceedings to the Secretary with directions either (1) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law, or (2) to take such further proceedings as, in its opinion, the law requires. The pendency of proceedings instituted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not impede, hinder, or delay the United States or the Secretary from obtaining relief pursuant to section 2714(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 93–428, §14, Oct. 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 1177.)
7 U.S.C. § 5106 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 82: STATE AGRICULTURAL LOAN MEDIATION PROGRAMS / Section 5106: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter $7,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1988 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 100–233, title V, §506, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1664; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, §1853, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3837; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §282(e), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3235; Pub. L. 106–472, title III, §306(c), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2073; Pub. L. 109–17, §1, June 29, 2005, 119 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 111–233, §2, Aug. 16, 2010, 124 Stat. 2493; Pub. L. 113–79, title V, §5401, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 840; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5402(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4675.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "2018" for "2015".

2010—Pub. L. 111–233 substituted "2015" for "2010".

2005—Pub. L. 109–17 substituted "2010" for "2005".

2000—Pub. L. 106–472 substituted "2005" for "2000".

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 substituted "2000" for "1995".

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 substituted "1995" for "1991".
7 U.S.C. § 2704 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 60: EGG RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 2704: Notice and hearing upon proposed orders
Notice and hearing upon proposed orders
Status: in_force

Whenever the Secretary has reason to believe that the issuance of an order will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, he shall give due notice and opportunity for hearing upon a proposed order. Such hearing may be requested and proposal for an order submitted by an organization certified pursuant to section 2715 of this title, or by any interested person affected by the provisions of this chapter, including the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 93–428, §5, Oct. 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 1173.)
7 U.S.C. § 3191 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter V: ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE RESEARCH / Section 3191: Purposes and findings relating to animal health and disease research
Purposes and findings relating to animal health and disease research
Status: in_force

(a) Purposes

The purposes of this subchapter are to—

(1) promote the general welfare through the improved health and productivity of domestic livestock, poultry, aquatic animals, and other income-producing animals that are essential to the food supply of the United States and the welfare of producers and consumers of animal products;

(2) improve the health of horses;

(3) facilitate the effective treatment of, and, to the extent possible, prevent animal and poultry diseases in both domesticated and wild animals that, if not controlled, would be disastrous to the United States livestock and poultry industries and endanger the food supply of the United States;

(4) improve methods for the control of organisms and residues in food products of animal origin that could endanger the human food supply;

(5) improve the housing and management of animals to improve the well-being of livestock production species;

(6) minimize livestock and poultry losses due to transportation and handling;

(7) protect human health through control of animal diseases transmissible to humans;

(8) improve methods of controlling the births of predators and other animals; and

(9) otherwise promote the general welfare through expanded programs of research and extension to improve animal health.

(b) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) the total animal health and disease research and extension efforts of State colleges and universities and of the Federal Government would be more effective if there were close coordination between the efforts; and

(2) colleges and universities having accredited schools or colleges of veterinary medicine and State agricultural experiment stations that conduct animal health and disease research are especially vital in training research workers in animal health and related disciplines.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1429, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1001; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1426, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1309; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §810, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1164.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–127 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which outlined congressional findings and declaration of purpose of subchapter.

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 substituted "schools or colleges of veterinary medicine and State agricultural experiment stations that conduct animal health and disease research" for "colleges of veterinary medicine or departments of veterinary sciences or animal pathology, and similar units conducting animal health and disease research in the State agricultural experiment stations,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

Studies on Agricultural Research and Technology

Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10907, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 538, provided that:

"(a) Scientific Studies.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Agriculture may conduct scientific studies on—

"(A) the transmission of spongiform encephalopathy in deer, elk, and moose; and

"(B) chronic wasting disease (including the risks that chronic wasting disease poses to livestock).

"(2) Report.—The Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the results of any scientific studies conducted under paragraph (1).

"(b) Vaccines.—

"(1) Vaccine storage study.—The Secretary may—

"(A) conduct a study to determine the number of doses of livestock disease vaccines that should be available to protect against livestock diseases that could be introduced into the United States; and

"(B) compare that number with the number of doses of the livestock disease vaccines that are available as of that date.

"(2) Stockpiling of vaccines.—If, after conducting the study and comparison described in paragraph (1), the Secretary determines that there is an insufficient number of doses of a particular vaccine referred to in that paragraph, the Secretary may take such actions as are necessary to obtain the required additional doses of the vaccine."
7 U.S.C. § 1471h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter V: EMERGENCY LIVESTOCK FEED ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1988 / Section 1471h: Ineligibility
Ineligibility
Status: in_force

(a) Any person that has qualifying gross revenues in excess of $2,500,000 annually, as determined by the Secretary, shall not be eligible to receive any livestock emergency benefits under this subchapter.

(b) For purposes of this section, the term "qualifying gross revenue" means—

(1) if a majority of the person's annual income is received from farming and ranching operations, the gross revenue from the person's farming and ranching operations; and

(2) if less than a majority of the person's annual income is received from farming and ranching operations, the person's gross revenue from all sources.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title VI, §610, as added Pub. L. 100–387, title I, §101(a), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 931.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 15 days after Aug. 11, 1988, see section 101(c)(1) of Pub. L. 100–387, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note under section 1427 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(12) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(12) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(12) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(L) of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2208 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2208: Expenditure of appropriations; accounting
Expenditure of appropriations; accounting
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture shall direct and superintend the expenditure of all money appropriated to the Department and render accounts thereof.

(R.S. §3677; Feb. 9, 1889, ch. 122, §§1, 4, 25 Stat. 659.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §3677 derived act May 15, 1882, ch. 72, §3, 12 Stat. 388.

Section was formerly classified to section 557a of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Secretary of Agriculture" substituted in text for "Commissioner of Agriculture" pursuant to sections 1 and 4 of act Feb. 9, 1889, which are classified to section 2202 of this title. See, also, section 2205 of this title.

Buy American Requirements

Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4306, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1131, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4306, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1893, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds the following:

"(1) Federal law requires that commodities and products purchased with Federal funds be, to the extent practicable, of domestic origin.

"(2) Federal Buy American statutory requirements seek to ensure that purchases made with Federal funds benefit domestic producers.

"(3) The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) requires the use of domestic food products for all meals served under the program, including food products purchased with local funds.

"(b) Buy American Statutory Requirements.—The Department of Agriculture should undertake training, guidance, and enforcement of the various current Buy American statutory requirements and regulations, including those of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.)."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Compliance With Buy American Act

Pub. L. 105–86, title VII, §716, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2106, provided that:

"Hereafter: (a) Compliance With Buy American Act.—None of the funds made available in this Act [see Tables for classification] may be expended by an entity unless the entity agrees that in expending the funds the entity will comply with sections 2 through 4 of the Act of March 3, 1933 ([former] 41 U.S.C. 10a–10c [see chapter 83 of Title 41, Public Contracts]; popularly known as the 'Buy American Act').

"(b) Sense of Congress; Requirement Regarding Notice.—

"(1) Purchase of american-made equipment and products.—In the case of any equipment or product that may be authorized to be purchased with financial assistance provided using funds made available in this Act, it is the sense of the Congress that entities receiving the assistance should, in expending the assistance, purchase only American-made equipment and products.

"(2) Notice to recipients of assistance.—In providing financial assistance using funds made available in this Act, the head of each Federal agency shall provide to each recipient of the assistance a notice describing the statement made in paragraph (1) by the Congress.

"(c) Prohibition of Contracts With Persons Falsely Labeling Products as Made in America.—If it has been finally determined by a court or Federal agency that any person intentionally affixed a label bearing a 'Made in America' inscription, or any inscription with the same meaning, to any product sold in or shipped to the United States that is not made in the United States, the person shall be ineligible to receive any contract or subcontract made with funds made available in this Act, pursuant to the debarment, suspension, and ineligibility procedures described in sections 9.400 through 9.409 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 104–180, title VII, §716, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1598.

Pub. L. 104–37, title VII, §716, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 330.

Pub. L. 103–330, title VII, §719, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2468.

Pub. L. 103–111, title VII, §727, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1080.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1501 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1501: Short title and application of other provisions
Short title and application of other provisions
Status: in_force

This subchapter may be cited as the "Federal Crop Insurance Act". Except as otherwise expressly provided the provisions in titles I to IV, inclusive, shall not apply with respect to this subchapter, and the term "Act" wherever it appears in such titles shall not be construed to include this subchapter.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §501, 52 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, §12033(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XII, §12033(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2167.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

"Titles I to IV, inclusive," and "such titles", referred to in text, are references to titles I to IV of act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, known as the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§1281 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §12033(c), inserted section catchline and substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" wherever appearing in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–224, title I, §171, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 397, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act [probably means this title, see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [June 20, 2000].

"(b) Exceptions.—

"(1) 2001 fiscal year.—The following provisions and the amendments made by the provisions take effect on October 1, 2000:

"(A) Subtitle C [§§131-134 of Pub. L. 106–224, enacting sections 1522 to 1524 of this title and amending sections 1518 and 7331 of this title].

"(B) Section 146 [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(C) Section 163 [114 Stat. 395].

"(2) 2001 crop year.—The amendments made by the following provisions apply beginning with the 2001 crop of an agricultural commodity:

"(A) Subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 101 [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(B) Section 102(a) [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(C) Subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 103 [amending section 1508 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1508 of this title].

"(D) Section 104 [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(E) Section 105(b) [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(F) Section 108 [enacting section 1508a of this title].

"(G) Section 109 [amending section 7333 of this title].

"(H) Section 162 [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(3) 2001 reinsurance year.—The amendments made by the following provisions apply beginning with the 2001 reinsurance year:

"(A) Section 101(d) [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(B) Section 102(b) [amending section 1508 of this title].

"(C) Section 103(d) [amending section 1508 of this title]."

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–224, §1(a), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 358, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000'."

Short Title of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–354, title I, §101(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3179, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 1433f, 1515, 1521, and 2008f of this title, amending sections 1441–2, 1444–2, 1444f, 1445b–3a, 1502 to 1509, 1511, 1513, 1516, and 1518 to 1520 of this title, sections 901 and 902 of Title 2, The Congress, and section 1014 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, repealing sections 1446i and 1508a of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1502, 1506, and 1508 of this title and sections 901 and 902 of Title 2, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1421 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act of 1994'."

Short Title of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–365, §1, Sept, 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1312, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 1441, 1444, 1444c, 1445b, 1504, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1508, 1516, and 1518 and repealing section 1515 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1504, 1508, and 1516 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Crop Insurance Act of 1980'."

Regulations

Pub. L. 106–224, title I, §172, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 397, provided that: "Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 20, 2000], the Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate regulations to carry out this Act [probably means this title, see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act."

Savings Clause

Pub. L. 106–224, title I, §173, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 398, provided that: "The Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) and section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333), as in effect on day before the date of the enactment of this Act [June 20, 2000], shall—

"(1) continue to apply with respect to the 1999 crop year; and

"(2) apply with respect to the 2000 crop year, to the extent the application of an amendment made by this Act [probably means this title, see Tables for classification] is delayed under section 171(b) [set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendment note above] or by the terms of the amendment."
7 U.S.C. § 191 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter II: PACKERS GENERALLY / Section 191: "Packer" defined
"Packer" defined
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter the term "packer" means any person engaged in the business (a) of buying livestock in commerce for purposes of slaughter, or (b) of manufacturing or preparing meats or meat food products for sale or shipment in commerce, or (c) of marketing meats, meat food products, or livestock products in an unmanufactured form acting as a wholesale broker, dealer, or distributor in commerce.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title II, §201, 42 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 94–410, §2, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1249.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–410 substituted definition of "packer" for former definition which included provisions dealing with direct or indirect control of specified businesses through stock ownership or otherwise.
7 U.S.C. § 419 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 419: Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, §1(12), 65 Stat. 701
Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 654, §1(12), 65 Stat. 701
Status: repealed

Section, act May 5, 1945, ch. 109, 59 Stat. 143, related to sale by Secretary of Agriculture of products of agricultural experiment station in Puerto Rico, and disposition of moneys derived therefrom. Similar provisions had been carried in prior Department of Agriculture appropriation acts back to and including that for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919 (40 Stat. 1000). Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

June 28, 1944, ch. 296, 58 Stat. 432.

July 12, 1943, ch. 215, 57 Stat. 400.

July 22, 1942, ch. 516, 56 Stat. 670.

July 1, 1941, ch. 267, 55 Stat. 413.

June 25, 1940, ch. 421, 54 Stat. 536.

June 30, 1939, ch. 253, title I, 53 Stat. 944.

June 16, 1938, ch. 464, title I, 52 Stat. 715.

June 29, 1937, ch. 404, 50 Stat. 399.

June 4, 1936, ch. 489, 49 Stat. 1425.

May 17, 1935, ch. 131, title I, 49 Stat. 251.

Mar. 26, 1934, ch. 89, 48 Stat. 471.

Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 203, 47 Stat. 1436.

July 7, 1932, ch. 443, 47 Stat. 614.

May 17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158.

Feb. 23, 1931, ch. 278, 46 Stat. 1246.

May 27, 1930, ch. 341, 46 Stat. 396.

Feb. 16, 1929, ch. 227, 45 Stat. 1192.

May 16, 1928, ch. 572, 45 Stat. 542.

Jan. 18, 1927, ch. 39, 44 Stat. 979.

May 11, 1926, ch. 286, 44 Stat. 502.

Feb. 10, 1925, ch. 200, 43 Stat. 824.
7 U.S.C. § 1422 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1422: Increase of price support levels
Increase of price support levels
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, price support at a level in excess of the maximum level of price support otherwise prescribed in this Act may be made available for any agricultural commodity if the Secretary determines, after a public hearing of which reasonable notice has been given, that price support at such increased level is necessary in order to prevent or alleviate a shortage in the supply of any agricultural commodity essential to the national welfare or in order to increase or maintain the production of any agricultural commodity in the interest of national security. The Secretary's determination and the record of the hearing shall be available to the public.

(b) Effective only for the 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, feed grains, cotton, and rice, the Secretary of Agriculture may provide for annual adjustments in the established prices for such program crops to reflect any change during the last calendar year ending before the beginning of each such crop year in the index of prices paid by farmers for production items, interest, taxes, and wage rates in such calendar year.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §402, 63 Stat. 1054; Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1127, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3508.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, known as the Agricultural Act of 1949, which is classified principally to this chapter (§1421 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(10) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(10) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(10) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(J) of this title.

Executive Documents

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer, or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, effective June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5506 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 86: WATER QUALITY RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND COORDINATION / Section 5506: Water policy with respect to agrichemicals
Water policy with respect to agrichemicals
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

The Department of Agriculture shall be the principal Federal agency responsible and accountable for the development and delivery of educational programs, technical assistance, and research programs for the users and dealers of agrichemicals to insure that—

(1) the use, storage, and disposal of agrichemicals by users is prudent, economical, and environmentally sound; and

(2) agrichemical users, dealers, and the general public understand the implications of their actions and the potential effects on water.

The Secretary is authorized to undertake such programs and assistance in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local governments and agencies, and appropriate nonprofit organizations. The Secretary shall disseminate the results of efforts in extension, technical assistance, research, and related activities. The Secretary shall undertake activities under this subtitle in coordination with the Office of Agricultural Environmental Quality in section 5402 of this title.

(b) Effect on existing authority

The authority granted in subsection (a) does not alter or effect the responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.).

(c) Participation

The following agencies shall participate in the Department's water program: the Agricultural Research Service; the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service; the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, in conjunction with the system of State agricultural experiment stations and State and county cooperative extension services; the Economic Research Service; the Forest Service; the National Agricultural Library; the National Agricultural Statistics Service; the Soil Conservation Service; and other agencies within the Department deemed appropriate by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1499, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3632; Pub. L. 102–237, title II, §201(g), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1847; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §859(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(14), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1268; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(14), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2030.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subtitle, referred to in subsec. (a), means subtitle H (§§1491–1499) of title XIV of Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3627, which enacted sections 136i–1 and 5506 of this title, amended sections 136a, 136a–1, 136d, 136w–3, and 3157 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 136a of this title. For complete classification of this subtitle to the Code, see Tables.

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 25, 1947, ch. 125, as amended generally by Pub. L. 92–516, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 973, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§136 et seq.) of chapter 6 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 136 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was not enacted as part of the Agriculture and Water Policy Coordination Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(14), substituted "the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, in conjunction with the system of State agricultural experiment stations and State and county cooperative extension services; the Economic Research Service;" for "the Cooperative State Research Service in conjunction with the system of State agricultural experiment stations; the Economic Research Service; the Extension Service, in conjunction with State and county cooperative extension services;".

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127 struck out "and section 3125c of this title" before "does not alter".

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237, §201(g)(1), inserted "Agricultural" before "Environmental Quality" and substituted "section 5402 of this title" for "section 1612 of this Act".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–237, §201(g)(2), substituted "Effect" for "Affect" in heading and inserted reference to section 3125c of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–237, §201(g)(3), inserted "and" after "Animal".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(14) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–237 effective as if included in the provision of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, to which the amendment relates, see section 1101(b)(1) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2531 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter III: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND RIGHTS / Section 2531: Ownership and assignment
Ownership and assignment
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to the provisions of this subchapter, plant variety protection shall have the attributes of personal property.

(b) Applications for certificates of plant variety protection, or any interest in a variety, shall be assignable by an instrument in writing. The owner may in like manner license or grant and convey an exclusive right to use of the variety in the whole or any specified part of the United States.

(c) A certificate of acknowledgment under the hand and official seal of a person authorized to administer oaths within the United States, or in a foreign country, of a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States or an officer authorized to administer oaths whose authority is proved by a certificate of a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, shall be prima facie evidence of the execution of an assignment, grant, license, or conveyance of plant variety protection or application for plant variety protection.

(d) An assignment, grant, conveyance or license shall be void as against any subsequent purchaser or mortgagee for a valuable consideration, without notice, unless it, or an acknowledgment thereof by the person giving such encumbrance that there is such encumbrance, is filed for recording in the Plant Variety Protection Office within one month from its date or at least one month prior to the date of such subsequent purchase or mortgage.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §101, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1554.)
7 U.S.C. § 6705 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 96: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE / Section 6705: Line item
Line item
Status: in_force

The President's proposed budget to Congress for the first fiscal year beginning after November 28, 1990, and for each subsequent fiscal year shall specifically identify funds to be spent on Forest Service international cooperation and assistance.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIV, §2406, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4060.)
7 U.S.C. § 6901 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Section 6901: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the Secretary of Agriculture with the necessary authority to streamline and reorganize the Department of Agriculture to achieve greater efficiency, effectiveness, and economies in the organization and management of the programs and activities carried out by the Department.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §202, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3209.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title II of Pub. L. 103–354, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3209, known as the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–222, §1, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 353, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter X of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Freedom to E-File Act'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 103–354, §1(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3178, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3209, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994'."
7 U.S.C. § 307 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter I: COLLEGE-AID LAND APPROPRIATION / Section 307: Fees for locating land scrip
Fees for locating land scrip
Status: in_force

The land officers shall receive the same fees for locating land scrip issued under the provisions of this subchapter as was on July 2, 1862, allowed for the location of military bounty land warrants under laws existing at that time: Provided, That their maximum compensation shall not be thereby increased.

(July 2, 1862, ch. 130, §7, 12 Stat. 505.)
7 U.S.C. § 1393 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1393: Allotment of appropriations
Allotment of appropriations
Status: in_force

All funds for carrying out the provisions of this chapter shall be available for allotment to bureaus and offices of the Department, and for transfer to such other agencies of the Federal Government, and to such State agencies, as the Secretary may request to cooperate or assist in carrying out the provisions of this chapter.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §393, 52 Stat. 70.)
7 U.S.C. § 7002 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter VIII: NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION / Section 7002: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the activities of the Division.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §283, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3235.)
7 U.S.C. § 7801 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 105: HASS AVOCADO PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7801: Findings and declaration of policy
Findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds the following:

(1) Hass avocados are an integral food source in the United States that are a valuable and healthy part of the human diet and are enjoyed by millions of persons every year for a multitude of everyday and special occasions.

(2) Hass avocados are a significant tree fruit crop grown by many individual producers, but virtually all domestically produced Hass avocados for the commercial market are grown in the State of California.

(3) Hass avocados move in interstate and foreign commerce, and Hass avocados that do not move in interstate or foreign channels of commerce but only in intrastate commerce directly affect interstate commerce in Hass avocados.

(4) In recent years, large quantities of Hass avocados have been imported into the United States from other countries.

(5) The maintenance and expansion of markets in existence on October 28, 2000, and the development of new or improved markets or uses for Hass avocados are needed to preserve and strengthen the economic viability of the domestic Hass avocado industry for the benefit of producers and other persons associated with the producing, marketing, processing, and consuming of Hass avocados.

(6) An effective and coordinated program of promotion, research, industry information, and consumer information regarding Hass avocados is necessary for the maintenance, expansion, and development of domestic markets for Hass avocados.

(b) Purpose

It is the purpose of this chapter to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for the development and financing (through an adequate assessment on Hass avocados sold by producers and importers in the United States) of an effective and coordinated program of promotion, research, industry information, and consumer information, including funds for marketing and market research activities, that is designed to—

(1) strengthen the position of the Hass avocado industry in the domestic marketplace; and

(2) maintain, develop, and expand markets and uses for Hass avocados in the domestic marketplace.

(c) Limitation

Nothing in this chapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of any person to produce, handle, or import Hass avocados.

(Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title XII, §1202], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–79.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title XII, §1201], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–79, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Hass Avocado Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 2000'."
7 U.S.C. § 6810 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 97: FRESH CUT FLOWERS AND FRESH CUT GREENS PROMOTION AND INFORMATION / Section 6810: Confidentiality
Confidentiality
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition

No information on how a person voted in a referendum conducted under this chapter shall be made public.

(b) Penalty

Any person who knowingly violates subsection (a) or the confidentiality terms of an order, as described in section 6804(j)(2) of this title, shall be subject to a fine of not less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. If the person is an officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture or the PromoFlor Council, the person shall be removed from office.

(c) Additional prohibition

No information obtained under this chapter may be made available to any agency or officer of the Federal Government for any purpose other than the implementation of this chapter or an investigatory or enforcement action necessary for the implementation of this chapter.

(d) Withholding information from Congress prohibited

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to authorize the withholding of information from Congress.

(Pub. L. 103–190, §11, Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2288.)
7 U.S.C. § 6109 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 90: MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6109: Savings provision
Savings provision
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter may be construed to preempt or supersede any other program relating to mushroom promotion, research, consumer information, or industry information organized and operated under the laws of the United States or any State.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1930, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3865.)
7 U.S.C. § 2461 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2461: Appeals
Appeals
Status: in_force

From the decisions made under sections 2404, 2443, 2501, and 2568 of this title appeal may, within sixty days or such further times as the Secretary allows, be taken under the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall have jurisdiction of any such appeal.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §71, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1550; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §145, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 103–349, §8(d)(1), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3141.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–349 struck out "2502," after "2501,".

1982—Pub. L. 97–164 substituted "The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall have jurisdiction of any such appeal" for "The Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and United States Courts of Appeals shall have jurisdiction, with venue in the case of the latter as stated in section 2343 of title 28".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–349 effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as a note under section 2401 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 2279e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2279e: Civil penalty
Civil penalty
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Any person that causes harm to, or interferes with, an animal used for the purposes of official inspections by the Department of Agriculture or the Department of Homeland Security, may, after notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record, be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of Homeland Security not to exceed $10,000.

(b) Factors in determining civil penalty

In determining the amount of a civil penalty, the Secretary concerned shall take into account the nature, circumstance, extent, and gravity of the offense.

(c) Settlement of civil penalties

The Secretary concerned may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty that may be assessed under this section.

(d) Finality of orders

(1) In general

The order of the Secretary concerned assessing a civil penalty shall be treated as a final order reviewable under chapter 158 of title 28. The validity of the order of the Secretary concerned may not be reviewed in an action to collect the civil penalty.

(2) Interest

Any civil penalty not paid in full when due under an order assessing the civil penalty shall thereafter accrue interest until paid at the rate of interest applicable to civil judgments of the courts of the United States.

(e) Secretary concerned defined

In this section and section 2279f of this title, the term "Secretary concerned" means—

(1) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to an animal used for purposes of official inspections by the Department of Agriculture; and

(2) the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to an animal used for purposes of official inspections by the Department of Homeland Security.

(Pub. L. 106–224, title V, §501, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 455; Pub. L. 107–296, title IV, §421(h), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2184.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296, §421(h)(1), inserted "or the Department of Homeland Security" after "Department of Agriculture" and "or the Secretary of Homeland Security" after "Secretary of Agriculture".

Subsecs. (b) to (d)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §421(h)(2), substituted "Secretary concerned" for "Secretary" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–296, §421(h)(3), added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.
7 U.S.C. § 2324 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION OFFICE / Section 2324: Restrictions on employees as to interest in plant variety protection
Restrictions on employees as to interest in plant variety protection
Status: in_force

Employees of the Plant Variety Protection Office shall be ineligible during the periods of their employment, to apply for plant variety protection and to acquire directly or indirectly, except by inheritance or bequest, any right or interest in any matters before that office. This section shall not apply to members of the Plant Variety Protection Board who are not otherwise employees of the Plant Variety Protection Office.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title I, §4, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1542.)
7 U.S.C. § 2157 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2157: Release of trade secrets
Release of trade secrets
Status: in_force

(a) Release of confidential information prohibited

It shall be unlawful for any member of an Institutional Animal Committee to release any confidential information of the research facility including any information that concerns or relates to—

(1) the trade secrets, processes, operations, style of work, or apparatus; or

(2) the identity, confidential statistical data, amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures,

of the research facility.

(b) Wrongful use of confidential information prohibited

It shall be unlawful for any member of such Committee—

(1) to use or attempt to use to his advantages; or

(2) to reveal to any other person,

any information which is entitled to protection as confidential information under subsection (a).

(c) Penalties

A violation of subsection (a) or (b) is punishable by—

(1) removal from such Committee; and

(2)(A) a fine of not more than $1,000 and imprisonment of not more than one year; or

(B) if such violation is willful, a fine of not more than $10,000 and imprisonment of not more than three years.

(d) Recovery of damages by injured person; costs; attorney's fee

Any person, including any research facility, injured in its business or property by reason of a violation of this section may recover all actual and consequential damages sustained by such person and the cost of the suit including a reasonable attorney's fee.

(e) Other rights and remedies

Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect any other rights of a person injured in its business or property by reason of a violation of this section. Subsection (d) shall not be construed to limit the exercise of any such rights arising out of or relating to a violation of subsections (a) and (b).

(Pub. L. 89–544, §27, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1754, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1649.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective one year after Dec. 23, 1985, see section 1759 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2131 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1598 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1598: Notice of intention to prosecute
Notice of intention to prosecute
Status: in_force

Before any violation of this chapter is reported by the Secretary of Agriculture to any United States attorney for institution of a criminal proceeding, the person against whom such proceeding is contemplated shall be given appropriate notice and an opportunity to prevent 1 his views, either orally or in writing, with regard to such contemplated proceeding.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, §408, 53 Stat. 1286.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "present".
7 U.S.C. § 6408 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 93: PROCESSOR-FUNDED MILK PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 6408: Permissive terms
Permissive terms
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Each order issued under this chapter may contain one or more of the terms and conditions described in this section.

(b) Advertising

The order may provide for the establishment, issuance, effectuation, and administration of appropriate programs or projects for the advertising of fluid milk products and the use of funds collected under this chapter for such programs or projects.

(c) Research and development

The order may provide for establishing and carrying out research projects and studies to support the advertising efforts for fluid milk products, and the use of funds collected under the order for such projects and studies.

(d) Reserve funds

The order may provide authority to accumulate reserve funds from assessments collected pursuant to the order, to permit an effective and continuous coordinated program of research and advertising in years when the assessment income may be reduced, except that the total reserve fund may not exceed 25 percent of the amount budgeted for the operation in the current fiscal year of the order.

(e) Other terms

The order may contain such other terms and conditions incidental to and not inconsistent with the terms and conditions specified in this chapter as are necessary to effectuate the other provisions of the order.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1999I, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3920.)
7 U.S.C. § 87g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 3: GRAIN STANDARDS / Section 87g: Relation to State and local laws; separability
Relation to State and local laws; separability
Status: in_force

(a) No State or subdivision thereof may require the inspection or description in accordance with any standards of kind, class, quality, condition, or other characteristics of grain as a condition of shipment, or sale, of such grain in interstate or foreign commerce, or require any license for, or impose any other restrictions upon the performance of any official inspection or weighing function under this chapter by official inspection personnel. Otherwise nothing in this chapter shall invalidate any law or other provision of any State or subdivision thereof in the absence of a conflict with this chapter.

(b) If any provision of this chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the chapter and of the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. B, §18, as added Pub. L. 90–487, §1, Aug. 15, 1968, 82 Stat. 769; amended Pub. L. 94–582, §20, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2886.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–582 substituted in first sentence "official inspection or weighing function" for "official inspection function".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1976 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–582 effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1976, see section 27 of Pub. L. 94–582, as amended, set out as a note under section 74 of this title.

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 2 of Pub. L. 90–487, set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under section 78 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2422 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2422: Content of application
Content of application
Status: in_force

An application for a certificate recognizing plant variety rights shall contain:

(1) The name of the variety except that a temporary designation will suffice until the certificate is to be issued. The variety shall be named in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary.

(2) A description of the variety setting forth its distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability and a description of the genealogy and breeding procedure, when known. The Secretary may require amplification, including the submission of adequate photographs or drawings or plant specimens, if the description is not adequate or as complete as is reasonably possible, and submission of records or proof of ownership or of allegations made in the application. An applicant may add to or correct the description at any time, before the certificate is issued, upon a showing acceptable to the Secretary that the revised description is retroactively accurate. Courts shall protect others from any injustice which would result. The Secretary may accept records of the breeder and of any official seed certifying agency in this country as evidence of stability where applicable.

(3) A statement of the basis of the claim of the applicant that the variety is new.

(4) A declaration that a viable sample of basic seed (including any propagating material) necessary for propagation of the variety will be deposited and replenished periodically in a public repository in accordance with regulations to be established hereunder.

(5) A statement of the basis of applicant's ownership.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §52, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1548; Pub. L. 96–574, §11, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3350; Pub. L. 103–349, §4, Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3139.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Par. (1). Pub. L. 103–349, §4(1), inserted at end "The variety shall be named in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary."

Par. (2). Pub. L. 103–349, §4(2), in first sentence substituted "distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability" for "novelty".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–349, §4(4), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 103–349, §4(3), (5), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and inserted "(including any propagating material)" after "basic seed". Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Par. (5). Pub. L. 103–349, §4(3), redesignated par. (4) as (5).

1980—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–574 struck out provisions relating to adding of declaration by amendment.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–349 effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as a note under section 2401 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 203 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 203: Activity as stockyard dealer or market agency; benefits to business and welfare of stockyard; registration; penalty for failure to register
Activity as stockyard dealer or market agency; benefits to business and welfare of stockyard; registration; penalty for failure to register
Status: in_force

After the expiration of thirty days after the Secretary has given public notice that any stockyard is within the definition of section 202 of this title, by posting copies of such notice in the stockyard, no person shall carry on the business of a market agency or dealer at such stockyard unless (1) the stockyard owner has determined that his services will be beneficial to the business and welfare of said stockyard, its patrons, and customers, which determination shall be made on a basis which is not unreasonable or unjustly discriminatory, and has given written authorization to such person, and (2) he has registered with the Secretary, under such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, his name and address, the character of business in which he is engaged, and the kinds of stockyards services, if any, which he furnishes at such stockyard. Every other person operating as a market agency or dealer as defined in section 201 of this title may be required to register in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe. Whoever violates the provisions of this section shall be liable to a penalty of not more than $500 for each such offense and not more than $25 for each day it continues, which shall accrue to the United States and may be recovered in a civil action brought by the United States.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §303, 42 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 85–909, §2(3), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 90–446, §1(b), July 31, 1968, 82 Stat. 474.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1968—Pub. L. 90–446 designated existing provisions as cl. (2) and added cl. (1).

1958—Pub. L. 85–909 inserted "Every other person operating as a market agency or dealer as defined in section 201 of this title may be required to register in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe."
7 U.S.C. § 6308 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 92: SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6308: Investigations and power to subpoena
Investigations and power to subpoena
Status: in_force

(a) Investigations

The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary—

(1) for the effective administration of this chapter; and

(2) to determine whether any person has engaged or is engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this chapter, or any order, rule, or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b) Subpoenas, oaths, and affirmations

(1) In general

For the purpose of an investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, and issue a subpoena to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.

(2) Administrative hearings

For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 6306 or 6307 of this title, the presiding officer is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c) Aid of courts

In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued by the Secretary under subsection (b). The court may issue an order requiring such person to comply with such a subpoena.

(d) Contempt

Any failure to obey an order of the court under this section may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.

(e) Process

Process in any such case may be served in the judicial district in which such person resides or conducts business or wherever such person may be found.

(f) Hearing site

The site of any hearings held under section 6306 or 6307 of this title shall be within the judicial district where such person resides or has a principal place of business.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1973, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3902.)
7 U.S.C. § 2009 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter V: RURAL COMMUNITY ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM / Section 2009: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia.

(2) State director

The term "State director" means, with respect to a State, the Director of the Rural Economic and Community Development State Office.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §381A, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §761, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1139; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6020(b)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 363.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–171 redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: "The terms 'rural' and 'rural area' mean, subject to section 1926(a)(7) of this title, a city, town, or unincorporated area that has a population of 50,000 inhabitants or less, other than an urbanized area immediately adjacent to a city, town, or unincorporated area that has a population in excess of 50,000 inhabitants."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definition of Rural Areas for Certain Business and Community Facilities Programs

Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §730, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1164, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 381A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2009), in fiscal year 2000 and thereafter, the definitions of rural areas for certain business programs administered by the Rural Business-Cooperative Service and the community facilities programs administered by the Rural Housing Service shall be those provided for in statute and regulations prior to the enactment of Public Law 104–127 [Apr. 4, 1996]."

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title VII, §735], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–29, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6020(b)(3), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 363.

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
7 U.S.C. § 1344a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1344a: Exclusion of 1949 acreage in computation of future allotments
Exclusion of 1949 acreage in computation of future allotments
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding the provisions of title III of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.], or of any other law, State, county, and farm acreage allotments and yields for cotton for any year after 1949 shall be computed without regard to yields or to the acreage planted to cotton in 1949.

(Mar. 29, 1949, ch. 38, 63 Stat. 17.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in text, is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31. Title III of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§1301 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Agriculture Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 940d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 940d: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VI, §6601(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4776
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VI, §6601(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4776
Status: repealed

Section, May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §314, as added Pub. L. 101–508, title I, §1201, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–7; amended Pub. L. 103–129, §2(b)(1), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §235(a)(13), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3221, related to limitations on authorization of appropriations.