7 U.S.C. § 6105 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 90: MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6105: Referenda
Referenda
Status: in_force

(a) Initial referendum

(1) In general

Within the 60-day period immediately preceding the effective date of an order issued under section 6103(b) of this title, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among mushroom producers and importers to ascertain whether the order shall go into effect.

(2) Approval of order

The order shall become effective, as provided in section 6103(b) of this title, if the Secretary determines that the order has been approved by a majority of the producers and importers voting in the referendum, which majority, on average, annually produces and imports into the United States more than 50 percent of the mushrooms annually produced and imported by all those voting in the referendum.

(b) Succeeding referenda

(1) Determination concerning order

(A) In general

Effective 5 years after the date on which an order becomes effective under section 6103(b) of this title, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among mushroom producers and importers to ascertain whether they favor continuation, termination, or suspension of the order.

(B) Request for referendum

Effective beginning 3 years after the date on which an order becomes effective under section 6103(b) of this title, the Secretary, on request of a representative group comprising 30 percent or more of the number of mushroom producers and importers, may conduct a referendum to ascertain whether producers and importers favor termination or suspension of the order.

(2) Suspension or termination

If, as a result of any referendum conducted under paragraph (1), the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of an order is favored by a majority of the producers and importers voting in the referendum, which majority, on average, annually produces and imports into the United States more than 50 percent of the mushrooms annually produced and imported by all those voting in the referendum, the Secretary shall—

(A) within 6 months after making such determination, suspend or terminate, as appropriate, collection of assessments under the order; and

(B) suspend or terminate, as appropriate, activities under the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable.

(c) Manner

Referenda conducted pursuant to this section shall be conducted in such a manner as is determined by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1926, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3861.)
7 U.S.C. § 305 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter I: COLLEGE-AID LAND APPROPRIATION / Section 305: Conditions of grant
Conditions of grant
Status: in_force

The grant of land and land scrip hereby authorized shall be made on the following conditions, to which, as well as to the provisions contained in said sections, the previous assent of the several States shall be signified by legislative acts:

First. If any portion of the fund invested, as provided by section 304 of this title, or any portion of the interest thereon, shall, by any action or contingency, be diminished or lost, it shall be replaced by the State to which it belongs, so that the capital of the fund shall remain forever undiminished; and the annual interest shall be regularly applied without diminution to the purposes mentioned in section 304 of this title, except that a sum, not exceeding 10 per centum upon the amount received by any State under the provisions of this subchapter, may be expended for the purchase of lands for sites or experimental farms, whenever authorized by the respective legislatures of said States.

Second. No portion of said fund, nor the interest thereon, shall be applied, directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings.

Third. Any State which may take and claim the benefit of the provisions of this subchapter shall provide, within five years from the time of its acceptance as provided in subdivision seven of this section, at least not less than one college, as described in section 304 of this title, or the grant to such State shall cease; and said State shall be bound to pay the United States the amount received of any lands previously sold, and the title to purchasers under the State shall be valid.

Fourth. An annual report shall be made regarding the progress of each college, recording any improvements and experiments made, with their cost and results, and such other matters, including State industrial and economical statistics, as may be supposed useful; one copy of which shall be transmitted by mail, by each, to all the other colleges which may be endowed under the provisions of this subchapter, and also one copy to the Secretary of the Interior.

Fifth. When lands shall be selected from those which have been raised to double the minimum price, in consequence of railroad grants, they shall be computed to the States at the maximum price, and the number of acres proportionally diminished.

Sixth. No State while in a condition of rebellion or insurrection against the Government of the United States shall be entitled to the benefit of the provisions of this subchapter.

Seventh. No State shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this subchapter unless it shall express its acceptance thereof by its legislature within three years from July 23, 1866: Provided, That when any Territory shall become a State and be admitted into the Union, such new State shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of said sections, by expressing the acceptance therein required within three years from the date of its admission into the Union, and providing the college or colleges within five years after such acceptance, as heretofore prescribed in this chapter.

(July 2, 1862, ch. 130, §5, 12 Stat. 504; July 23, 1866, ch. 209, 14 Stat. 208; Mar. 3, 1873, ch. 231, §3, 17 Stat. 559.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Repeals

Subd. fourth was repealed in part by act March 3, 1873, which provided in part: "That all laws and parts of laws permitting the transmission by mail of any free matter whatever be, and the same are hereby, repealed from and after June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three."

Subd. seventh formerly contained a proviso which read as follows: "Provided further, That any State which has prior to July 23, 1866, expressed its acceptance of the foregoing provisions of this chapter shall have the period of five years within which to provide at least one college, as described in the fourth section of said act, after the time for providing said college, according to the act of July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two shall have expired."
7 U.S.C. § 437 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 437: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Apr. 21, 1948, ch. 224, §2, 62 Stat. 197, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to receive the property transferred by former section 436 of this title and directed the Secretary to administer it to best advance the livestock and agricultural interests of the United States, and was omitted from the Code as obsolete.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Authorization of Appropriations; Abolition of Army Remount Program

Act Apr. 21, 1948, ch. 224, §4, 62 Stat. 198, authorized appropriations to carry out former sections 436 to 438 of this title and abolished authority of Department of the Army to conduct a remount breeding program.
7 U.S.C. § 9038 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter II: MARKETING LOANS / Section 9038: Special competitive provisions for extra long staple cotton
Special competitive provisions for extra long staple cotton
Status: in_force

(a) Competitiveness program

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the period beginning on February 7, 2014, through July 31, 2026, the Secretary shall carry out a program—

(1) to maintain and expand the domestic use of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States;

(2) to increase exports of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States; and

(3) to ensure that extra long staple cotton produced in the United States remains competitive in world markets.

(b) Payments under program; trigger

Under the program, the Secretary shall make payments available under this section whenever—

(1) for a consecutive 4-week period, the world market price for the lowest priced competing growth of extra long staple cotton (adjusted to United States quality and location and for other factors affecting the competitiveness of such cotton), as determined by the Secretary, is below the prevailing United States price for a competing growth of extra long staple cotton; and

(2) the lowest priced competing growth of extra long staple cotton (adjusted to United States quality and location and for other factors affecting the competitiveness of such cotton), as determined by the Secretary, is less than 113 percent of the loan rate for extra long staple cotton.

(c) Eligible recipients

The Secretary shall make payments available under this section to domestic users of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States and exporters of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States that enter into an agreement with the Commodity Credit Corporation to participate in the program under this section.

(d) Payment amount

Payments under this section shall be based on the amount of the difference in the prices referred to in subsection (b)(1) during the fourth week of the consecutive 4-week period multiplied by the amount of documented purchases by domestic users and sales for export by exporters made in the week following such a consecutive 4-week period.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1208, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1204, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4510; Pub. L. 118–158, div. D, §4101(c)(2), Dec. 21, 2024, 138 Stat. 1768.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–158 substituted "2026" for "2024" in introductory provisions.

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, §1204(a), substituted "2024" for "2019" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §1204(b), substituted "113 percent" for "134 percent".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2024 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 118–158 to be applied and administered as if enacted on Sept. 30, 2024, see section 4101(g) of Pub. L. 118–158, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5713 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter VI: REPORTS / Section 5713: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-188, title I, §101(d), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2017
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-188, title I, §101(d), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2017
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–501, title VI, §603, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3689; amended Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §§241(c)(2), 251, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 964, 971; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(K), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, required quarterly reports specifying the cumulative amount of export assistance provided by the Commodity Credit Corporation and the Secretary under certain programs.
7 U.S.C. § 607 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter II: COTTON OPTION CONTRACTS / Section 607: Sale by Secretary; additional options; validation of assignments; publication of information
Sale by Secretary; additional options; validation of assignments; publication of information
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall sell cotton held or acquired by him pursuant to authority of this chapter at his discretion subject only to the conditions and limitations of this chapter: Provided, That the Secretary shall have authority to enter into option contracts with producers of cotton to sell to or for the producers such cotton held and/or acquired by him in such amounts and at such prices and upon such terms and conditions as he, the Secretary, may deem advisable, and such option contracts may be transferred or assigned in such manner as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe.

Notwithstanding any provisions contained in option contracts heretofore issued and/or any provision of law, assignments made prior to January 11, 1934, of option contracts exercised prior to January 18, 1934, shall be deemed valid upon determination by the Secretary that such assignment was an assignment in good faith of the full interest in such contract and for full value and is free from evidence of fraud or speculation by the assignee.

Notwithstanding any provision of existing law, the Secretary of Agriculture may, in the administration of this chapter, make public such information as he deems necessary in order to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §7, 48 Stat. 34; June 16, 1933, ch. 90, title II, §221, 48 Stat. 210; Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §33, 49 Stat. 775.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1935—Act Aug. 24, 1935, among other changes, inserted provisions as to presumption of validity of assignments made prior to Jan. 11, 1934 of option contracts exercised prior to Jan. 18, 1934 if in good faith, for full value, and without fraud or speculation by the assignee.

1933—Act June 16, 1933, amended section generally.
7 U.S.C. § 291 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 12: ASSOCIATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS PRODUCERS / Section 291: Authorization of associations; powers
Authorization of associations; powers
Status: in_force

Persons engaged in the production of agricultural products as farmers, planters, ranchmen, dairymen, nut or fruit growers may act together in associations, corporate or otherwise, with or without capital stock, in collectively processing, preparing for market, handling, and marketing in interstate and foreign commerce, such products of persons so engaged. Such associations may have marketing agencies in common; and such associations and their members may make the necessary contracts and agreements to effect such purposes: Provided, however, That such associations are operated for the mutual benefit of the members thereof, as such producers, and conform to one or both of the following requirements:

First. That no member of the association is allowed more than one vote because of the amount of stock or membership capital he may own therein, or,

Second. That the association does not pay dividends on stock or membership capital in excess of 8 per centum per annum.

And in any case to the following:

Third. That the association shall not deal in the products of nonmembers to an amount greater in value than such as are handled by it for members.

(Feb. 18, 1922, ch. 57, §1, 42 Stat. 388.)
7 U.S.C. § 1635 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter II: LIVESTOCK MANDATORY REPORTING / Section 1635: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this subchapter is to establish a program of information regarding the marketing of cattle, swine, lambs, and products of such livestock that—

(1) provides information that can be readily understood by producers, packers, and other market participants, including information with respect to the pricing, contracting for purchase, and supply and demand conditions for livestock, livestock production, and livestock products;

(2) improves the price and supply reporting services of the Department of Agriculture; and

(3) encourages competition in the marketplace for livestock and livestock products.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §211, as added Pub. L. 106–78, title IX, §911(2), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1188.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Livestock Mandatory Reporting

Pub. L. 106–78, title IX, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1188, as amended by Pub. L. 108–444, §1, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2635; Pub. L. 109–296, §1(b), Oct. 5, 2006, 120 Stat. 1464; Pub. L. 111–239, §2(a)(2), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2501; Pub. L. 114–54, title I, §101(b), Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 513; Pub. L. 117–103, div. O, title III, §301(b), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 117–328, div. A, title VII, §776(b), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4510; Pub. L. 118–42, div. B, title VII, §793(b), Mar. 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 120, provided that:

"SEC. 901. SHORT TITLE.

"This title [enacting sections 198 to 198b and 1635 to 1636h of this title and this note, amending sections 192 and 5712 of this title, repealing section 229a of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1421 of this title] may be cited as the 'Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999'.

"Subtitle A—Livestock Mandatory Reporting

"SEC. 911. LIVESTOCK MANDATORY REPORTING.

"[Enacted this subchapter.]

"SEC. 912. UNJUST DISQUALIFICATION.

"[Amended section 192 of this title.]

"SEC. 913. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

"(a) [Repealed section 229a of this title.]

"(b) [Amended section 101(a) [title XI, §1127] of Pub. L. 105–277, former 7 U.S.C. 1421 note.]

"Subtitle B—Related Beef Reporting Provisions

"SEC. 921. BEEF EXPORT REPORTING.

"[Amended section 5712 of this title.]

"SEC. 922. EXPORT CERTIFICATES FOR MEAT AND MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS.

"Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1999], the Secretary of Agriculture shall fully implement a program, through the use of a streamlined electronic online system, to issue and report export certificates for all meat and meat products.

"SEC. 923. IMPORTS OF BEEF, BEEF VARIETY MEATS, AND CATTLE.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall—

"(1) obtain information regarding the import of beef and beef variety meats (consistent with the information categories reported for beef exports under section 602(a) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5712(a))) and cattle using available information sources; and

"(2) publish the information in a timely manner weekly and in a form that maximizes the utility of the information to beef producers, packers, and other market participants.

"(b) Content.—The published information shall include information reporting the year-to-date cumulative annual imports of beef, beef variety meats, and cattle for the current and prior marketing years.

"SEC. 924. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

"There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out sections 922 and 923.

"Subtitle C—Related Swine Reporting Provisions

"SEC. 931. IMPROVEMENT OF HOGS AND PIGS INVENTORY REPORT.

"(a) In General.—Effective beginning not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1999], the Secretary of Agriculture shall publish on a monthly basis the Hogs and Pigs Inventory Report.

"(b) Gestating Sows.—The Secretary shall include in a separate category of the Report the number of bred female swine that are assumed, or have been confirmed, to be pregnant during the reporting period.

"(c) Phase-Out.—Effective for a period of eight quarters after the implementation of the monthly report required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall continue to maintain and publish on a quarterly basis the Hogs and Pigs Inventory Report published on or before the date of the enactment of this Act.

"SEC. 932. BARROW AND GILT SLAUGHTER.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall promptly obtain and maintain, through an appropriate collection system or valid sampling system at packing plants, information on the total slaughter of swine that reflects differences in numbers between barrows and gilts, as determined by the Secretary.

"(b) Availability.—The information shall be made available to swine producers, packers, and other market participants in a report published by the Secretary not less frequently than weekly.

"(c) Administration.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall administer the collection and compilation of information, and the publication of the report, required by this section.

"(2) Nondelegation.—The Secretary shall not delegate the collection, compilation, or administration of the information required by this section to any packer (as defined in section 201 of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C. 191)).

"SEC. 933. AVERAGE TRIM LOSS CORRELATION STUDY AND REPORT.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall contract with a qualified contractor to conduct a correlation study and prepare a report establishing a baseline and standards for determining and improving average trim loss measurements and processing techniques for pork processors to employ in the slaughter of swine.

"(b) Correlation Study and Report.—The study and report shall—

"(1) analyze processing techniques that would assist the pork processing industry in improving procedures for uniformity and transparency in how trim loss is discounted (in dollars per hundred pounds carcass weight) by different packers and processors;

"(2) analyze slaughter inspection procedures that could be improved so that trimming procedures and policies of the Secretary are uniform to the maximum extent determined practicable by the Secretary;

"(3) determine how the Secretary may be able to foster improved breeding techniques and animal handling and transportation procedures through training programs made available to swine producers so as to minimize trim loss in slaughter processing; and

"(4) make recommendations that are designed to effect changes in the pork industry so as to achieve continuous improvement in average trim losses and discounts.

"(c) Subsequent Reports on Status of Improvements and Updates in Baseline.—Not less frequently than once every 2 years after the initial publication of the report required under this section, the Secretary shall make subsequent periodic reports that—

"(1) examine the status of the improvement in reducing trim loss discounts in the pork processing industry; and

"(2) update the baseline to reflect changes in trim loss discounts.

"(d) Submission of Reports to Congress, Producers, Packers, and Others.—The reports required under this section shall be made available to—

"(1) the public on the Internet;

"(2) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

"(3) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;

"(4) producers and packers; and

"(5) other market participants.

"SEC. 934. SWINE PACKER MARKETING CONTRACTS.

"[Enacted sections 198 to 198b of this title.]

"SEC. 935. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

"There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle.

"Subtitle D—Implementation

"SEC. 941. REGULATIONS.

"(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1999], the Secretary of Agriculture shall publish final regulations to implement this title and the amendments made by this title.

"(b) Publication of Proposed Regulations.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish proposed regulations to implement this title and the amendments made by this title.

"(c) Comment Period.—The Secretary shall provide an opportunity for comment on the proposed regulations during the 30-day period beginning on the date of the publication of the proposed regulations.

"(d) Final Regulations.—Not later than 60 days after the conclusion of the comment period, the Secretary shall publish the final regulations and implement this title and the amendments made by this title.

"SEC. 942. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.

"The authority provided by this title [enacting sections 198 to 198b and 1635 to 1636h of this title and this note, amending sections 192 and 5712 of this title, repealing section 229a of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1421 of this title] and the amendments made by this title (other than section 911 of subtitle A [enacting this subchapter] and the amendments made by that section) terminate[s] on September 30, 2024."

[Authority referred to in section 942 of Pub. L. 106–78, set out above, extended to Mar. 14, 2025, by Pub. L. 118–83, div. A, §§106(3), 120, Sept. 26, 2024, 138 Stat. 1526, 1528, as amended by Pub. L. 118–158, div. A, §101(1), Dec. 21, 2024, 138 Stat. 1723.]
7 U.S.C. § 7416 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter II: ISSUANCE OF ORDERS FOR PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ACTIVITIES REGARDING AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 7416: Assessments
Assessments
Status: in_force

(a) Assessments authorized

While an order issued under this subchapter is in effect with respect to an agricultural commodity, assessments shall be—

(1) paid by first handlers with respect to the agricultural commodity produced and marketed in the United States; and

(2) paid by importers with respect to the agricultural commodity imported into the United States, if the imported agricultural commodity is covered by the order pursuant to section 7415(f) of this title.

(b) Collection

Assessments required under an order shall be remitted to the board established under the order at the time and in the manner prescribed by the order.

(c) Limitation on assessments

Not more than 1 assessment may be levied on a first handler or importer under subsection (a) with respect to any agricultural commodity.

(d) Assessment rates

The board shall recommend to the Secretary 1 or more rates of assessment to be levied under subsection (a). If approved by the Secretary, the rates shall take effect. An order may provide that an assessment rate may not be increased unless approved by a referendum conducted pursuant to section 7417 of this title.

(e) Late-payment and interest charges

(1) In general

Late-payment and interest charges may be levied on each person subject to an order who fails to remit an assessment in accordance with subsection (b).

(2) Rate

The rate for the charges shall be specified by the Secretary.

(f) Investment of assessments

Pending disbursement of assessments under a budget approved by the Secretary, a board may invest assessments collected under this section in—

(1) obligations of the United States or any agency of the United States;

(2) general obligations of any State or any political subdivision of a State;

(3) interest-bearing accounts or certificates of deposit of financial institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve System; or

(4) obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States.

(g) Refund of assessments from escrow account

(1) Escrow account

During the period beginning on the effective date of an order and ending on the date the Secretary announces the results of a referendum that is conducted under section 7417(b)(1) of this title with respect to the order, the board established under the order shall—

(A) establish and maintain an escrow account of the kind described in subsection (f)(3) to be used to refund assessments; and

(B) deposit funds in the account in accordance with paragraph (2).

(2) Amount to be deposited

The board shall deposit in the account an amount equal to 10 percent of the assessments collected during the period referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) Right to receive refund

Subject to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), persons subject to an order shall be eligible to demand a refund of assessments collected during the period referred to in paragraph (1) if—

(A) the assessments were remitted on behalf of the person; and

(B) the order is not approved in the referendum.

(4) Form of demand

The demand for a refund shall be made at such time and in such form as specified by the order.

(5) Payment of refund

A person entitled to a refund shall be paid promptly after the board receives satisfactory proof that the assessment for which the refund is demanded was paid on behalf of the person who makes the demand.

(6) Proration

If the funds in the escrow account required by paragraph (1) are insufficient to pay the amount of all refunds that persons subject to an order otherwise would have a right to receive under this subsection, the board shall prorate the amount of the funds among all the persons.

(7) Closing of escrow account

If the order is approved in a referendum conducted under section 7417(b)(1) of this title—

(A) the escrow account shall be closed; and

(B) the funds shall be available to the board for disbursement as authorized in the order.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §517, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1042.)
7 U.S.C. § 8773 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter IV: DAIRY / Section 8773: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title I, §1422(b)(1), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 695
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title I, §1422(b)(1), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 695
Status: repealed

Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1506, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 994; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1506, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1723; Pub. L. 112–240, title VII, §701(b)(2)(B), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2363; Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1422(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 694, related to the milk income loss contract program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1422(b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 695, provided that:

"(1) Repeal.—Effective on the termination date, section 1506 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8773) is repealed.

"(2) Termination date defined.—In paragraph (1), the term 'termination date' means the earlier of the following:

"(A) The date on which the Secretary [of Agriculture] certifies to Congress that the margin protection program required by section 1403 [7 U.S.C. 9053] is operational.

"(B) September 1, 2014."
7 U.S.C. § 1921 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Section 1921: Congressional findings
Congressional findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that the statutory authority of the Secretary of Agriculture, hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the "Secretary," for making and insuring loans to farmers and ranchers should be revised and consolidated to provide for more effective credit services to farmers.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §301(b), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of subsec. (b) of section 301 of Pub. L. 87–128. Subsec. (a) of such section 301 is set out as a Short Title note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Former section 300.1 of Title 6, Code of Federal Regulations, promulgated on Oct. 15, 1961, by the Administrator of the Farmers Home Administration, published in 26 F.R. 10031, provided: "The Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961 (7 U.S.C. 1921) [this chapter], is hereby made effective on October 15, 1961, except (a) as to its authorizations to make and sell insured loans with 4½ percent yield to the lender and a three-year repurchase agreement which was made effective by regulations issued on September 13, 1961 (26 F.R. 9307), pursuant to assignment of functions contained in 26 F.R. 7888, and (b) that the provisions of Title IV of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which requires mineral reservations in lands disposed of under Title III of that Act [sections 1010 to 1012 and 1013a of this title] shall not become effective until December 7, 1961." See section 341(a) of Pub. L. 87–128, set out as a note under this section.

Short Title of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title V, §501], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–268, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter VI of this chapter and amending provisions set out as a note under section 3121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'Delta Regional Authority Act of 2000'."

Short Title of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–248, §1, May 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 619, provided that: "This Act [amending section 1981 of this title] may be cited as the 'Farmers Home Administration Improvement Act of 1994'."

Short Title of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–554, §1(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4142, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 1935, 1936, 1948, 1949, and 2008d of this title, amending sections 1925, 1926c, 1929, 1932, 1981d, 1982, 1983, 1983a, 1985, 1989, 1991, 1994, 2003, and 5102 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1929 and 1989 of this title] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Credit Improvement Act of 1992'."

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2301, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3979, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Rural Economic Development Act of 1990'."

Short Title of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–409, §1, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 923, provided: "That this Act [amending section 1932 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1932 of this title] may be cited as the 'Rural Industrial Assistance Act of 1986'."

Short Title of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–258, title VI, §601, Apr. 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 138, provided that: "This title [enacting section 1981b of this title, amending sections 1943, 1946, 1961, 1964, 1986, and 1994 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1961 and 1981 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 1961 of this title] may be cited as the 'Emergency Agricultural Credit Act of 1984'."

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–334, §1, Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 420, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 1929b, 1934, 1981a, 1994, and 1995 of this title and sections 2201 to 2205 of Title 16, Conservation, amending sections 1309, 1922, 1924 to 1927, 1929, 1929a, 1932, 1941 to 1943, 1946, 1961, 1964, 1968, 1981, 1983, 1991, and 2908 of this title, repealing section 1965 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1309, 1926, preceding 1961, and 1964 of this title and section 2201 of Title 16] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Credit Act of 1978'."

Short Title of 1972 Amendment

Pub. L. 92–419, §1, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 657, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 1010a, 1929a, 1931 to 1933, 1947, 1992, 2204a, 2212a, 2651 to 2654, and 2661 to 2668 of this title, amending sections 1006a, 1011, 1924 to 1927, 1929, 1941 to 1943, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1991, 2201, and 2204 of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 590g, 590h, 590o, and 1001 to 1005 of Title 16, Conservation, and section 3122 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Rural Development Act of 1972'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §301(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, as amended by Pub. L. 92–419, title I, §101, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 657, provided that: "This title [enacting this section and sections 1013a, 1922 to 1933, 1941 to 1947, 1961 to 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, and 1981 to 1993 of this title, amending sections 1924 to 1927, 1929, 1941 to 1943, 1981, 1983, 1985, and 1991 of this title, repealing sections 1001 to 1005d, 1006c to 1006e, 1007, 1008, 1009, 1014 to 1025, 1027 to 1029 of this title, sections 1148a–1 to 1148a–3 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and sections 590r to 590x–4 of Title 16, Conservation, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act'."

Farm Loan Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers

Pub. L. 117–2, title I, §1005, Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 12, which related to loan modifications and payments for socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–169, title II, §22008, Aug. 16, 2022, 136 Stat. 2023.

Regulations

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2396, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4058, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this title [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out above], no later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], the Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this title and the amendments made by this title."

Preservation of Eligibility for Credit Assistance Under Federal Law

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2395, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4058, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this title [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out above] shall not be construed to adversely affect the eligibility, as it existed on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990], of cooperatives and other entities for any other credit assistance under Federal law."

Use of Qualified Personnel by the Department of Agriculture

Pub. L. 95–334, title I, §126, Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 429, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that, in carrying out the provisions of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act [see Short Title note set out above], the Secretary of Agriculture should ensure that—

"(1) only officers and employees of the Department of Agriculture who are adequately prepared to understand the particular needs and problems of farmers in an area are assigned to such area; and

"(2) a high priority is placed on keeping existing farm operations operating."

References in Other Laws to Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act or Water Facilities Act; Repeals; Savings and Separability Provisions

Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §341, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318, provided that:

"(a) Reference to any provisions of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act [see section 1000 of this title] or the Act of August 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 869), as amended, superseded by any provision of this title [this chapter] shall be construed as referring to the appropriate provision of this title [this chapter]. Titles I, II, and IV of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, as amended, and the Act of August 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 869), as amended, the Act of April 6, 1949 (63 Stat. 43), as amended, and the Act of August 31, 1954 (68 Stat. 999), as amended, are hereby repealed effective one hundred and twenty days after enactment hereof [Aug. 8, 1961], or such earlier date as the provisions of this title [this chapter] are made effective by the Secretary's regulations except that the repeal of section 2(c) of the Act of April 6, 1949, shall not be effective prior to January 1, 1962. The foregoing provisions shall not have the effect of repealing the amendments to section 24, chapter 6 of the Federal Reserve Act [section 371 of Title 12], as amended, section 5200 of the Revised Statutes [section 84 of Title 12], section 35 of chapter III of the Act approved June 19, 1934 (D.C. Code, title 35, section 535), enacted by section 15 of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, as amended, and by section 10(f) of the Act of August 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 869), as amended.

"(b) The repeal of any provision of law by this title [this chapter] shall not—

"(1) affect the validity of any action taken or obligation entered into pursuant to the authority of any of said Acts, or

"(2) prejudice the application of any person with respect to receiving assistance under the provisions of this title [this chapter], solely because such person is obligated to the Secretary under authorization contained in any such repealed provision.

"(c) If any provision of this title [this chapter] or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of the title [this chapter] and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby."
7 U.S.C. § 8782 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 8782: Suspension of permanent price support authority
Suspension of permanent price support authority
Status: in_force

(a) Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938

The following provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [7 U.S.C. 1281 et seq.] shall not be applicable to the 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and shall not be applicable to milk during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act through December 31, 2012:

(1) Parts II through V of subtitle B of title III (7 U.S.C. 1326 et seq.) [7 U.S.C. 1321 et seq., 1331 et seq., 1341 et seq., 1351].

(2) In the case of upland cotton, section 377 (7 U.S.C. 1377).

(3) Subtitle D of title III (7 U.S.C. 1379a et seq.).

(4) Title IV (7 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.).

(b) Agricultural Act of 1949

The following provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.] shall not be applicable to the 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and shall not be applicable to milk during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and through December 31, 2012:

(1) Section 101 (7 U.S.C. 1441).

(2) Section 103(a) (7 U.S.C. 1444(a)).

(3) Section 105 (7 U.S.C. 1444b).

(4) Section 107 (7 U.S.C. 1445a).

(5) Section 110 (7 U.S.C. 1445e).

(6) Section 112 (7 U.S.C. 1445g).

(7) Section 115 (7 U.S.C. 1445k).

(8) Section 201 (7 U.S.C. 1446).

(9) Title III (7 U.S.C. 1447 et seq.).

(10) Title IV (7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.), other than sections 404, 412, and 416 (7 U.S.C. 1424, 1429, and 1431).

(11) Title V (7 U.S.C. 1461 et seq.).

(12) Title VI (7 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.).

(c) Suspension of certain quota provisions

The joint resolution entitled "A joint resolution relating to corn and wheat marketing quotas under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended", approved May 26, 1941 (7 U.S.C. 1330 and 1340), shall not be applicable to the crops of wheat planted for harvest in the calendar years 2008 through 2012.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1602, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1001; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1602, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1729.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§1281 et seq.) of this title. Parts II through V of subtitle B of title III of the Act are classified generally to subparts II (§1321 et seq.), III (§1331 et seq.), IV (§1341 et seq.), and V (§1351, which was omitted from the Code), respectively, of part B of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Subtitle D of title III of the Act is classified generally to part D (§1379a et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title. Title IV of the Act was classified generally to subchapter III (§1401 et seq.) of chapter 35 of this title, and was omitted from the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables.

The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. Title III of the Act is classified generally to sections 1447 to 1449 of this title. Title IV of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§1421 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title. Title V of the Act, which was classified generally to subchapter IV (§1461 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title, was omitted from the Code. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 35A of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

The joint resolution relating to corn and wheat marketing quotas under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (c), is act May 26, 1941, ch. 133, 55 Stat. 203, which enacted sections 1330 and 1340 of this title. Section 1330 was subsequently omitted from the Code.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 939 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 939: Loan terms and conditions
Loan terms and conditions
Status: in_force

Loans made from or insured through the fund shall be for the same purposes and on the same terms and conditions as are provided for loans in subchapters I and II of this chapter except as otherwise provided in sections 933 to 938 inclusive.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §309, as added Pub. L. 93–32, §2, May 11, 1973, 87 Stat. 70; amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2360, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4042; Pub. L. 103–129, §2(b)(2), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §779, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1151; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6602(b)(11), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 struck out at end "The preceding sentence shall not be construed to make section 948(b)(2) or 950b of this title applicable to this subchapter."

1996—Pub. L. 104–127 struck out subsec. (a) designation and heading "In general" and heading and text of subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term of any telephone loan made under this subchapter shall be determined by the borrower at the time the loan application is submitted."

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–129 inserted at end "The preceding sentence shall not be construed to make section 948(b)(2) or 950b of this title applicable to this subchapter."

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective May 11, 1973, see section 12 of Pub. L. 93–32, set out as a note under section 930 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6704 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 96: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE / Section 6704: Office of International Forestry
Office of International Forestry
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, shall establish an Office of International Forestry within the Forest Service within six months after November 28, 1990.

(b) Deputy Chief designation

The Chief shall appoint a Deputy Chief for International Forestry.

(c) Duties

The Deputy Chief shall—

(1) be responsible for the international forestry activities of the Forest Service;

(2) coordinate the activities of the Forest Service in implementing the provisions of this chapter; and

(3) serve as Forest Service liaison to the director for the program established pursuant to section 6701 of this title.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2018 such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIV, §2405, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4060; Pub. L. 104–127, title III, §371, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1015; Pub. L. 107–171, title VIII, §8102, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 110–234, title VIII, §8202, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1290; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VIII, §8202, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2051; Pub. L. 113–79, title VIII, §8202, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 914.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was in the original "this title", meaning title XXIV of Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4058, known as the Global Climate Change Prevention Act of 1990, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title XXIV to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6701 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "2018" for "2012".

2008—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §8202, substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "2007" for "2002".

1996—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–127 added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 209 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 209: Liability to individuals for violations; enforcement generally
Liability to individuals for violations; enforcement generally
Status: in_force

(a) If any person subject to this chapter violates any of the provisions of this chapter, or of any order of the Secretary under this chapter, relating to the purchase, sale, or handling of livestock, the purchase or sale of poultry, or relating to any poultry growing arrangement or swine production contract, he shall be liable to the person or persons injured thereby for the full amount of damages sustained in consequence of such violation.

(b) Such liability may be enforced either (1) by complaint to the Secretary as provided in section 210 of this title, or (2) by suit in any district court of the United States of competent jurisdiction; but this section shall not in any way abridge or alter the remedies now existing at common law or by statute, but the provisions of this chapter are in addition to such remedies.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §308, 42 Stat. 165; Pub. L. 94–410, §6, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1250; Pub. L. 100–173, §5, Nov. 23, 1987, 101 Stat. 918; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10502(b)(2)(B), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 510.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171 inserted "or swine production contract" after "poultry growing arrangement".

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–173 inserted "the purchase or sale of poultry, or relating to any poultry growing arrangement," after "livestock,".

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–410 struck out references to violations of specific sections and added packers to categories of regulated persons against whom private action could be brought for violation of chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–173 effective 90 days after Nov. 23, 1987, see section 12 of Pub. L. 100–173, set out as a note under section 182 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1585 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter III: FOREIGN COMMERCE / Section 1585: Certain seeds not adapted for general agricultural use
Certain seeds not adapted for general agricultural use
Status: in_force

Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture, after a public hearing, determines that seed of alfalfa or red clover from any foreign country is not adapted for general agricultural use in the United States, the Secretary shall publish the determination and the reasons for the determination.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, §303, as added Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §441(3), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1585, act Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, §303, formerly §305, 53 Stat. 1284; renumbered §303, Jan. 8, 1983, Pub. L. 97–439, §5(b)(4), 96 Stat. 2288, related to requirement that certain seeds containing alfalfa and/or red clover be stained, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §441(3), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), except as otherwise provided, see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this subchapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 2014a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 51: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Section 2014a: Notice of change in State of residence of certified household
Notice of change in State of residence of certified household
Status: in_force

Beginning on May 5, 2017, in fiscal year 2017 and each fiscal year hereafter, notwithstanding any other provision of law, a household certified to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is required to report in a manner prescribed by the Secretary if the household no longer resides in the State in which it is certified.

(Pub. L. 115–31, div. A, title VII, §744, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 175.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017, and also as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, and not as part of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 2242 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2242: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, §1606(b)(1), (2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3715
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, §1606(b)(1), (2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3715
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 23, 1908, ch. 192, 35 Stat. 264, 266; Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 144, 38 Stat. 1109, provided for sale of copies of card index of publications. See section 3125a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3407 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 65: WHEAT AND WHEAT FOODS RESEARCH AND NUTRITION EDUCATION / Section 3407: Referendum
Referendum
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall conduct a referendum as soon as practicable among end product manufacturers not exempt hereunder who, during a representative period preceding the date of the referendum, as determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the manufacture of end products, for the purpose of ascertaining whether the issuance of an order is approved or favored by such manufacturers. Qualified end product manufacturers may register with the Secretary by mail to vote in such referendum during a period ending not less than thirty days prior to the date of the referendum. Within ten days thereafter, the Secretary shall determine which end product manufacturers are eligible to vote in such referendum and cause to be published the list of such eligible voters. The Secretary shall issue ballots to all such persons who have so registered and been declared eligible to vote. No order issued pursuant to this chapter shall be effective unless the Secretary determines (1) that votes were cast by at least 50 per centum of such registered end product manufacturers, and (2) that the issuance of such order is approved or favored by not less than two-thirds of the end product manufacturers voting in such referendum or by a majority of the end product manufacturers voting in such referendum if such majority manufactured end products containing not less than two-thirds of the total processed wheat contained in all end products manufactured by those voting in the referendum, during the representative period defined by the Secretary: Provided, That at the time of the registration provided under this section each end product manufacturer so registering shall certify to the Secretary the amount of processed wheat contained in the end products manufactured by such end product manufacturer during such representative period. The Secretary shall be reimbursed from assessments collected by the Council for any expenses incurred for the conduct of the referendum. Eligible voter lists and ballots cast in the referendum shall be retained by the Secretary for a period of not less than twelve months after they are cast for audit and recount in the event the results of the referendum are challenged and either the Secretary or the courts determine a recount and retabulation of results is appropriate.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVII, §1708, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1036.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6521 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6521: Administration
Administration
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations

Not later than 540 days after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall issue proposed regulations to carry out this chapter.

(b) Assistance to State

(1) Technical and other assistance

The Secretary shall provide technical, administrative, and National Institute of Food and Agriculture assistance to assist States in the implementation of an organic certification program under this chapter.

(2) Financial assistance

The Secretary may provide financial assistance to any State that implements an organic certification program under this chapter.

(c) Access to data documentation systems

The Secretary shall have access to available data from cross-border documentation systems administered by other Federal agencies, including the Automated Commercial Environment system of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

(d) Reports

(1) In general

Not later than March 1, 2020, and annually thereafter through March 1, 2023, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available on the website of the Department of Agriculture, a report describing national organic program activities with respect to all domestic and overseas investigations and compliance actions taken pursuant to this chapter during the preceding year.

(2) Requirements

The data described in paragraph (1) shall be broken down by agricultural product, quantity, value, and month.

(3) Exception

Any data determined by the Secretary to be confidential business information shall not be provided in the report under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2122, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3951; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(24), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(24), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2031; Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10104(h), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4901.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 115–334 added subsecs. (c) and (d).

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(24), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Extension Service".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(24) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1323 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1323: Repealed. Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902
Repealed. Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title III, §304, 68 Stat. 902
Status: repealed

Section 1323, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §323, 52 Stat. 50, related to amount of farm marketing quota with respect to corn.

Section 1324, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §324, 52 Stat. 50, related to storage amounts.

Section 1325, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §325, 52 Stat. 51, related to penalties for marketing corn in excess of quota.
7 U.S.C. § 5844 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter II: NATIONAL GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM / Section 5844: Definitions and authorization of appropriations
Definitions and authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter:

(1) The term "program" means the National Genetic Resources Program.

(2) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(3) The term "Director" means the Director of the National Genetic Resources Program.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—

(1) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1991 through 2013; and

(2) $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1635, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3747; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §832(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1168; Pub. L. 105–185, title III, §301(b)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 562; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7118, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7201, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1233; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7201, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1994; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7205, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 881; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7206(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4804.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 113–79 struck out "such funds as may be necessary" after "appropriated", substituted "subchapter—" for "subchapter for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 2012.", and added pars. (1) and (2).

2008—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §7201, substituted "2012" for "2007".

2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "2007" for "2002".

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–185 substituted "2002" for "1997".

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "1997" for "1995".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1172 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 34: SUGAR PRODUCTION AND CONTROL / Subchapter V: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1172: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 1172, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §502, 50 Stat. 915, related to annual appropriation and availability of funds, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 402 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1152 of this title.

Section 1173, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §503, 50 Stat. 915; Oct. 15, 1940, ch. 887, §3, 54 Stat. 1178; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 638, §6, 55 Stat. 873; June 20, 1944, ch. 266, §2, 58 Stat. 284, related to appropriation of funds for transfer to Commonwealth of Philippine Islands for use in economic adjustment and expired Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1174, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §504, 50 Stat. 915, related to rules and regulations and fines for violations, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 403 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1153 of this title.

Section 1175, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §505, 50 Stat. 915, related to court jurisdiction, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 404 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1154 of this title.

Section 1176, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §506, 50 Stat. 915, related to forfeitures, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 405 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1155 of this title.

Section 1177, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §507, 50 Stat. 916, related to duty to furnish information and to penalty for noncompliance, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 406 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1156 of this title.

Section 1178, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §508, 50 Stat. 916, related to prohibition of and penalty for sugar investments by officials, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 407 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1157 of this title. See section 7240 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 1179, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §509, 50 Stat. 916, related to Presidential powers during an emergency, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 408 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1158 of this title.

Section 1180, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §510, 50 Stat. 916, specified laws which would become inapplicable to sugar on enactment of Sugar Act of 1937, and expired on Dec. 31, 1947.

Section 1181, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §511, 50 Stat. 916, related to surveys and investigations of producer-processor and producer-laborer contracts, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 409 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1159 of this title.

Section 1182, act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §512, 50 Stat. 916, related to general conditions and factors affecting accomplishment of purposes of the Sugar Act of 1937, expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was covered by section 410 of the Sugar Act of 1948, which was set out as former section 1160 of this title.

Section 1183, acts Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, title V, §513, 50 Stat. 916; Oct. 15, 1940, ch. 887, §1, 54 Stat. 1178; Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 638, §1, 55 Stat. 872; June 20, 1944, ch. 266, §1, 58 Stat. 283; July 27, 1946, ch. 685, §1, 60 Stat. 706, specified that the powers of the Secretary under the Sugar Act of 1937 were to terminate on Dec. 31, 1947. Similar provisions as to termination under the Sugar Act of 1948 are contained in section 412 of act Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 519, 61 Stat. 933, set out as a note under former section 1100 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6515 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6515: Requirements of certifying agents
Requirements of certifying agents
Status: in_force

(a) Ability to implement requirements

To be accredited as a certifying agent under section 6514 of this title, a governing State official or a person shall be able to fully implement the applicable organic certification program established under this chapter.

(b) Inspectors

Any certifying agent shall employ a sufficient number of inspectors to implement the applicable organic certification program established under this chapter, as determined by the Secretary.

(c) Agreement

Any certifying agent shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary under which such agent shall—

(1) agree to carry out the provisions of this chapter; and

(2) agree to such other terms and conditions as the Secretary determines appropriate.

(d) Private certifying agent agreement

Any certifying agent that is a private person shall, in addition to the agreement required in subsection (c)—

(1) agree to hold the Secretary harmless for any failure on the part of the certifying agent to carry out the provisions of this chapter; and

(2) furnish reasonable security, in an amount determined by the Secretary, for the purpose of protecting the rights of participants in the applicable organic certification program established under this chapter.

(e) Compliance with program

Any certifying agent shall fully comply with the terms and conditions of the applicable organic certification program implemented under this chapter.

(f) Confidentiality

Except as provided in section 6506(a)(9) of this title, any certifying agent shall maintain strict confidentiality with respect to its clients under the applicable organic certification program and may not disclose to third parties (with the exception of the Secretary or the applicable governing State official) any business related information concerning such client obtained while implementing this chapter.

(g) Conflict of interest

Any certifying agent shall not—

(1) carry out any inspections of any operation in which such certifying agent, or employee of such certifying agent has, or has had, a commercial interest, including the provision of consultancy services;

(2) accept payment, gifts, or favors of any kind from the business inspected other than prescribed fees; or

(3) provide advice concerning organic practices or techniques for a fee, other than fees established under such program.

(h) Administrator

A certifying agent that is a private person shall nominate the individual who controls the day-to-day operation of the agent.

(i) Loss of accreditation

(1) Noncompliance

If the Secretary or the governing State official (if applicable) determines that a certifying agent or an entity acting as an agent of the certifying agent is not properly adhering to the provisions of this chapter, the Secretary or such governing State official may suspend such certifying agent's accreditation.

(2) Oversight of certifying offices and foreign operations

(A) In general

If the Secretary determines that an office of a certifying agent or entity described in paragraph (1) is not complying with the provisions of this chapter, the Secretary may suspend the operations of the certifying agent or the noncompliant office, including—

(i) an office operating in a foreign country; and

(ii) an office operating in the United States, including an office acting on behalf of a foreign-domiciled entity.

(B) Process for resuming operations following suspension

The Secretary shall provide for a process that is otherwise consistent with this section that authorizes a suspended office to resume operations.

(3) Effect on certified operations

If the accreditation of a certifying agent is suspended under paragraph (1), the Secretary or the governing State official (if applicable) shall promptly determine whether farming or handling operations certified by such certifying agent may retain their organic certification.

(j) Notice

Not later than 90 days after the date on which a new certifying office performing certification activities opens, an accredited certifying agent shall notify the Secretary of the opening.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2116, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3944; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1001(5), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1893; Pub. L. 113–79, title X, §10005(b)(1), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10104(d), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4900.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(d)(1)(A), inserted "or an entity acting as an agent of the certifying agent" after "a certifying agent".

Subsec. (i)(2), (3). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(d)(1)(B), (C), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(d)(2), added subsec. (j).

2014—Subsecs. (c) to (j). Pub. L. 113–79 redesignated subsecs. (d) to (j) as (c) to (i), respectively, substituted "subsection (c)" for "subsection (d)" in introductory provisions of subsec. (d), and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to maintenance of, access to, and transference of records of certifying agents.

1991—Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "such certifying" for "certifying such".
7 U.S.C. § 2006e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2006e: Prohibition on use of loans for certain purposes
Prohibition on use of loans for certain purposes
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall not approve any loan under this chapter to drain, dredge, fill, level, or otherwise manipulate a wetland (as defined in section 3801(a)(16) 1 of title 16), or to engage in any activity that results in impairing or reducing the flow, circulation, or reach of water, except in the case of activity related to the maintenance of previously converted wetlands, or in the case of such activity that is already commenced before November 28, 1990. This section shall not apply to a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter for a utility line.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §363, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, §1824, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3831; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title V, §501(i), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §751, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1129.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

Section 3801(a) of title 16, referred to in text, was subsequently amended, and section 3801(a)(16) no longer defines the term "wetland". However, such term is defined elsewhere in that section.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–127 inserted at end "This section shall not apply to a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter for a utility line."

1991—Pub. L. 102–237 inserted a closing parenthesis after "3801(a)(16) of title 16" and substituted "before November 28, 1990" for "prior to the date of enactment of this section".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–237 effective as if included in the provision of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, to which the amendment relates, see section 1101(b)(3) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 64 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 2: COTTON STANDARDS / Section 64: Appropriation for expenses; appointment by Secretary of officers and agents; compensation
Appropriation for expenses; appointment by Secretary of officers and agents; compensation
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of this chapter; and the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized, within the limits of such appropriations, to appoint, remove, and fix the compensations of such officers and employees, not in conflict with existing law, and make such expenditures for rent outside the District of Columbia, printing, telegrams, telephones, law books, books of reference, periodicals, furniture, stationery, office equipment, travel, and other supplies and expenses as shall be necessary to the administration of this chapter in the District of Columbia and elsewhere.

(Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 288, §12, 42 Stat. 1519.)
7 U.S.C. § 1304 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1304: Consumer safeguards
Consumer safeguards
Status: in_force

The powers conferred under this chapter shall not be used to discourage the production of supplies of foods and fibers sufficient to maintain normal domestic human consumption as determined by the Secretary from the records of domestic human consumption in the years 1920 to 1929, inclusive, taking into consideration increased population quantities of any commodity that were forced into domestic consumption by decline in exports during such period, current trends in domestic consumption and exports of particular commodities, and the quantities of substitutes available for domestic consumption within any general class of food commodities. In carrying out the purposes of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary to give due regard to the maintenance of a continuous and stable supply of agricultural commodities from domestic production adequate to meet consumer demand at prices fair to both producers and consumers.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §304, 52 Stat. 45.)
7 U.S.C. § 8738 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter II: MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS / Section 8738: Special competitive provisions for extra long staple cotton
Special competitive provisions for extra long staple cotton
Status: in_force

(a) Competitiveness program

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act through July 31, 2013, the Secretary shall carry out a program—

(1) to maintain and expand the domestic use of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States;

(2) to increase exports of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States; and

(3) to ensure that extra long staple cotton produced in the United States remains competitive in world markets.

(b) Payments under program; trigger

Under the program, the Secretary shall make payments available under this section whenever—

(1) for a consecutive 4-week period, the world market price for the lowest priced competing growth of extra long staple cotton (adjusted to United States quality and location and for other factors affecting the competitiveness of such cotton), as determined by the Secretary, is below the prevailing United States price for a competing growth of extra long staple cotton; and

(2) the lowest priced competing growth of extra long staple cotton (adjusted to United States quality and location and for other factors affecting the competitiveness of such cotton), as determined by the Secretary, is less than 134 percent of the loan rate for extra long staple cotton.

(c) Eligible recipients

The Secretary shall make payments available under this section to domestic users of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States and exporters of extra long staple cotton produced in the United States that enter into an agreement with the Commodity Credit Corporation to participate in the program under this section.

(d) Payment amount

Payments under this section shall be based on the amount of the difference in the prices referred to in subsection (b)(1) during the fourth week of the consecutive 4-week period multiplied by the amount of documented purchases by domestic users and sales for export by exporters made in the week following such a consecutive 4-week period.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1208, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 963; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1208, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1692.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 953 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 32: PEANUT STATISTICS / Section 953: Reports; by whom made; penalties
Reports; by whom made; penalties
Status: in_force

It shall be the duty of each warehouseman, broker, cleaner, sheller, dealer, growers' cooperative association, crusher, salter, manufacturer of peanut products, and owner other than the original producer of peanuts to furnish reports, complete and correct to the best of his knowledge, on the quantity of peanuts and peanut oil received, processed, shipped, and owned by him or in his possession. Such reports, when and as requested by the Secretary, shall be furnished within the time prescribed and in accordance with forms provided by him for the purpose. Any person required by this chapter, or the regulations promulgated thereunder, to furnish reports or information, and any officer, agent, or employee thereof, who shall refuse to give such reports or information or shall willfully give answers that are false and misleading, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than $300 nor more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or be subject to both such fine and imprisonment.

(June 24, 1936, ch. 745, §3, 49 Stat. 1899; May 12, 1938, ch. 199, §3, 52 Stat. 349; Pub. L. 85–105, §3, July 17, 1957, 71 Stat. 306.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1957—Pub. L. 85–105 amended section generally, and, among other changes, divided first sentence into two sentences, substituting "owner other than the original producer of peanuts" for "owner or operator of peanut picking or threshing machines," and inserted "to give such reports or information" in last sentence.

1938—Act May 12, 1938, among other changes, inserted "crusher, salter, manufacturer of peanut products" after "cooperative association".
7 U.S.C. § 457 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 18: COOPERATIVE MARKETING / Section 457: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this chapter is declared unconstitutional or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the chapter and the applicability of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby, and nothing contained in this chapter is intended nor shall be construed, to modify or repeal any of the provisions of sections 291 and 292 of this title.

(July 2, 1926, ch. 725, §7, 44 Stat. 803.)
7 U.S.C. § 281 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 11: HONEYBEES / Section 281: Honeybee importation
Honeybee importation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to prohibit or restrict the importation or entry of honeybees and honeybee semen into or through the United States in order to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases and parasites harmful to honeybees, the introduction of genetically undesirable germ plasm of honeybees, or the introduction and spread of undesirable species or subspecies of honeybees and the semen of honeybees.

(b) Regulations

The Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Treasury are each authorized to prescribe such regulations as the respective Secretary determines necessary to carry out this section.

(c) Enforcement

Honeybees or honeybee semen offered for importation into, intercepted entering, or having entered the United States, other than in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Treasury, shall be destroyed or immediately exported.

(d) "Honeybee" defined

As used in this chapter, the term "honeybee" means all life stages and the germ plasm of honeybees of the genus Apis, except honeybee semen.

(Aug. 31, 1922, ch. 301, §1, 42 Stat. 833; Pub. L. 87–539, §1, July 19, 1962, 76 Stat. 169; Pub. L. 94–319, §1, June 25, 1976, 90 Stat. 709; Pub. L. 103–182, title III, §361(d)(2), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2123; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §431(e), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4968.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–465 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for former subsecs. (a) to (e) restricting importation of honeybees and honeybee semen into United States, providing for promulgation of rules and regulations as to such importation, providing for destruction or immediate exportation of nonexcepted honeybees or honeybee semen offered for import or intercepted, and defining "honeybee".

1993—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–182, §361(d)(2)(A), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–182, §361(d)(2)(B), inserted "(1)" after "only from" and added cl. (2).

1976—Pub. L. 94–319 incorporated existing provisions, which related only to honeybees, into subsecs. (a) to (e) relating to honeybees and honeybee semen, making honeybee provisions applicable to all life stages and the germ plasm of honeybees instead of only to honeybees in the adult stage, restating purpose of prohibiting importation of honeybees and restating conditions to be determined by Secretary of Agriculture with respect to countries from which honeybees may be imported.

1962—Pub. L. 87–539 enlarged prohibition against importation of honeybees to include the honeybee of the genus Apis instead of only the honeybee Apis mellifica and restricted permission to import the honeybee to countries which take adequate precautions to prevent importation of honeybees from countries where dangerous diseases exist.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), except as otherwise provided, see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Short Title

Act Aug. 31, 1922, as amended, which is classified to this chapter, is popularly known as the "Honeybee Act".

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this section to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 6919 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL REORGANIZATION AUTHORITIES / Section 6919: Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison
Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

The Secretary shall establish in the Department the position of Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison.

(b) Duties

The Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison shall—

(1) provide information to returning veterans about, and connect returning veterans with, beginning farmer training and agricultural vocational and rehabilitation programs appropriate to the needs and interests of returning veterans, including assisting veterans in using Federal veterans educational benefits for purposes relating to beginning a farming or ranching career;

(2) provide information to veterans concerning the availability of, and eligibility requirements for, participation in agricultural programs, with particular emphasis on beginning farmer and rancher programs;

(3) serve as a resource for assisting veteran farmers and ranchers, and potential farmers and ranchers, in applying for participation in agricultural programs;

(4) advocate on behalf of veterans in interactions with employees of the Department;

(5) establish and periodically update the website described in subsection (d); and

(6) in carrying out the duties described in paragraphs (1) through (5), consult with and provide technical assistance to any Federal agency, including the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Small Business Administration, and the Department of Labor.

(c) Contracts and cooperative agreements

For purposes of carrying out the duties under subsection (b), the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison may enter into contracts or cooperative agreements with the research centers of the Agricultural Research Service, institutions of higher education (as defined in section 1001 of title 20), or nonprofit organizations for—

(1) the conduct of regional research on the profitability of small farms;

(2) the development of educational materials;

(3) the conduct of workshops, courses, and certified vocational training;

(4) the conduct of mentoring activities; or

(5) the provision of internship opportunities.

(d) Website required

(1) In general

The website required under subsection (b)(5) shall include the following:

(A) Positions identified within the Department of Agriculture that are available to veterans for apprenticeships.

(B) Apprenticeships, programs of training on the job, and programs of education that are approved for purposes of chapter 36 of title 38.

(C) Employment skills training programs for members of the Armed Forces carried out pursuant to section 1143(e) of title 10.

(D) Information designed to assist businesses, nonprofit entities, educational institutions, and farmers interested in developing apprenticeships, on-the-job training, educational, or entrepreneurial programs for veterans in navigating the process of having a program approved by a State approving agency for purposes of chapter 36 of title 38, including—

(i) contact information for relevant offices in the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Labor, and Small Business Administration;

(ii) basic requirements for approval by each State approving agency;

(iii) recommendations with respect to training and coursework to be used during apprenticeships or on-the-job training that will enable a veteran to be eligible for agricultural programs; and

(iv) examples of successful programs and curriculums that have been approved for purposes of chapter 36 of title 38 (with consent of the organization and without any personally identifiable information).

(2) Review of website

(A) In general

Not later than 5 years after December 20, 2018, and once every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct a study to determine if the website required under subsection (b)(5) is effective in providing veterans the information required under paragraph (1).

(B) Ineffective website

If the Secretary determines that the website is not effective under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) notify the agriculture and veterans committees described in subparagraph (C) of that determination; and

(ii) not earlier than 180 days after the date on which the Secretary provides notice under clause (i), terminate the website.

(C) Agriculture and veterans committees

The agriculture and veterans committees referred to in subparagraph (B)(i) are—

(i) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

(ii) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;

(iii) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the House of Representatives; and

(iv) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate.

(e) Consultation required

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with organizations that serve veterans.

(f) Report

(1) In general

Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018, and annually thereafter, the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison shall submit a report on beginning farmer training for veterans and agricultural vocational and rehabilitation programs for veterans to—

(A) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

(B) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the House of Representatives;

(C) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate; and

(D) the Committee on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate.

(2) Contents of report

The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a summary of the measures taken to carry out subsections (b) and (c);

(B) a description of the information provided to veterans under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b);

(C) recommendations for best informing veterans of the programs described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b);

(D) a summary of the contracts or cooperative agreements entered into under subsection (c);

(E) a description of the programs implemented under subsection (c);

(F) a summary of the employment outreach activities directed to veterans;

(G) recommendations for how opportunities for veterans in agriculture should be developed or expanded;

(H) a summary of veteran farm lending data and a summary of shortfalls, if any, identified by the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison in collecting data with respect to veterans engaged in agriculture; and

(I) recommendations, if any, on how to improve activities under subsection (b).

(g) Public dissemination of information

(1) In general

Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018, and annually thereafter, the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison shall make publicly available and share broadly, including by posting on the website of the Department—

(A) the report of the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison on beginning farmer training for veterans and agricultural vocational and rehabilitation programs; and

(B) the information disseminated under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b).

(2) Further dissemination

Not later than the day before the date on which the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison makes publicly available the information under paragraph (1), the Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison shall provide that information to the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Small Business Administration, and the Department of Labor.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §219, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12304, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 985; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12402, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4971.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6919, Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §219, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3213, provided that compensation of any officer or employee of the Department on Oct. 13, 1994, was not to be increased as a result of enactment of this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(e) [title III, §362], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–305.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 115–334, §12402(1), added pars. (5) and (6).

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 115–334, §12402(2), added subsecs. (d) to (g).
7 U.S.C. § 1508b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1508b: Stacked Income Protection Plan for producers of upland cotton
Stacked Income Protection Plan for producers of upland cotton
Status: in_force

(a) Availability

Beginning not later than the 2015 crop of upland cotton, the Corporation shall make available to producers of upland cotton an additional policy (to be known as the "Stacked Income Protection Plan"), which shall provide coverage consistent with the Group Risk Income Protection Plan (and the associated Harvest Revenue Option Endorsement) offered by the Corporation for the 2011 crop year.

(b) Required terms

The Corporation may modify the Stacked Income Protection Plan on a program-wide basis, except that the Stacked Income Protection Plan shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) Provide coverage for revenue loss of not less than 10 percent and not more than 30 percent of expected county revenue, specified in increments of 5 percent. The deductible shall be the minimum percent of revenue loss at which indemnities are triggered under the plan, not to be less than 10 percent of the expected county revenue.

(2) Be offered to producers of upland cotton in all counties with upland cotton production—

(A) at a county-wide level to the fullest extent practicable; or

(B) in counties that lack sufficient data, on the basis of such larger geographical area as the Corporation determines to provide sufficient data for purposes of providing the coverage.

(3) Be purchased in addition to any other individual or area coverage in effect on the producer's acreage or as a stand-alone policy, except that if a producer has an individual or area coverage for the same acreage, the maximum coverage available under the Stacked Income Protection Plan shall not exceed the deductible for the individual or area coverage.

(4) Establish coverage based on—

(A) the expected price established under existing Group Risk Income Protection or area wide policy offered by the Corporation for the applicable county (or area) and crop year; and

(B) an expected county yield that is the higher of—

(i) the expected county yield established for the existing area-wide plans offered by the Corporation for the applicable county (or area) and crop year (or, in geographic areas where area-wide plans are not offered, an expected yield determined in a manner consistent with those of area-wide plans); or

(ii) the average of the applicable yield data for the county (or area) for the most recent 5 years, excluding the highest and lowest observations, from the Risk Management Agency or the National Agricultural Statistics Service (or both) or, if sufficient county data is not available, such other data considered appropriate by the Secretary.

(5) Use a multiplier factor to establish maximum protection per acre (referred to as a "protection factor") of not less than the higher of the level established on a program wide basis or 120 percent.

(6) Pay an indemnity based on the amount that the expected county revenue exceeds the actual county revenue, as applied to the individual coverage of the producer. Indemnities under the Stacked Income Protection Plan shall not include or overlap the amount of the deductible selected under paragraph (1).

(7) In all counties for which data are available, establish separate coverage levels for irrigated and nonirrigated practices.

(c) Premium

Notwithstanding section 1508(d) of this title, the premium for the Stacked Income Protection Plan shall—

(1) be sufficient to cover anticipated losses and a reasonable reserve; and

(2) include an amount for operating and administrative expenses established in accordance with section 1508(k)(4)(F) of this title.

(d) Payment of portion of premium by corporation

Subject to section 1508(e)(4) of this title, the amount of premium paid by the Corporation for all qualifying coverage levels of the Stacked Income Protection Plan shall be—

(1) 80 percent of the amount of the premium established under subsection (c) for the coverage level selected; and

(2) the amount determined under subsection (c)(2), subject to section 1508(k)(4)(F) of this title, for the coverage to cover administrative and operating expenses.

(e) Relation to other coverages

The Stacked Income Protection Plan is in addition to all other coverages available to producers of upland cotton.

(f) Limitation

Effective beginning with the 2019 crop year, a farm shall not be eligible for the Stacked Income Protection Plan for upland cotton for a crop year for which the farm is enrolled in coverage for seed cotton under—

(1) price loss coverage under section 9016 of this title; or

(2) agriculture risk coverage under section 9017 of this title.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §508B, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title XI, §11017(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 964; amended Pub. L. 115–123, div. F, §60101(a)(10), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 310.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–123 added subsec. (f).
7 U.S.C. § 1781 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 44: WOOL PROGRAM / Section 1781: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-130, §4(a), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1369
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-130, §4(a), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1369
Status: repealed

Section, acts Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title VII, §702, 68 Stat. 910; Sept. 29, 1977, Pub. L. 95–113, title III, §301, 91 Stat. 921, declared encouragement of continued domestic production of wool to be policy of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Act Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title VII, §701, 68 Stat. 910, provided that title VII of act Aug. 28, 1954 (enacting this chapter) could be cited as the "National Wool Act of 1954", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–130, §3(a), Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1369.
7 U.S.C. § 508 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21: TOBACCO STATISTICS / Section 508: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this chapter is declared unconstitutional or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of said sections and the applicability of such provisions to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

(Jan. 14, 1929, ch. 69, §9, 45 Stat. 1080.)
7 U.S.C. § 2421 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2421: Application for recognition of plant variety rights
Application for recognition of plant variety rights
Status: in_force

(a) An application for a certificate of Plant Variety Protection may be filed by the owner of the variety sought to be protected. The application shall be made in writing to the Secretary, shall be signed by or on behalf of the applicant, and shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee.

(b) An error as to the naming of the breeder, without deceptive intent, may be corrected at any time, in accordance with regulations established by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §51, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1548.)
7 U.S.C. § 7481 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter V: POPCORN / Section 7481: Findings and declaration of policy
Findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) popcorn is an important food that is a valuable part of the human diet;

(2) the production and processing of popcorn plays a significant role in the economy of the United States in that popcorn is processed by several popcorn processors, distributed through wholesale and retail outlets, and consumed by millions of people throughout the United States and foreign countries;

(3) popcorn must be of high quality, readily available, handled properly, and marketed efficiently to ensure that the benefits of popcorn are available to the people of the United States;

(4) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets and uses and the development of new markets and uses for popcorn are vital to the welfare of processors and persons concerned with marketing, using, and producing popcorn for the market, as well as to the agricultural economy of the United States;

(5) the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated program of popcorn promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information is necessary to maintain and expand markets for popcorn; and

(6) popcorn moves in interstate and foreign commerce, and popcorn that does not move in those channels of commerce directly burdens or affects interstate commerce in popcorn.

(b) Policy

It is the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this subchapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing (through adequate assessments on unpopped popcorn processed domestically), and carrying out an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information designed to—

(1) strengthen the position of the popcorn industry in the marketplace; and

(2) maintain and expand domestic and foreign markets and uses for popcorn.

(c) Purposes

The purposes of this subchapter are to—

(1) maintain and expand the markets for all popcorn products in a manner that—

(A) is not designed to maintain or expand any individual share of a producer or processor of the market;

(B) does not compete with or replace individual advertising or promotion efforts designed to promote individual brand name or trade name popcorn products; and

(C) authorizes and funds programs that result in government speech promoting government objectives; and

(2) establish a nationally coordinated program for popcorn promotion, research, consumer information, and industry information.

(d) Statutory construction

This subchapter treats processors equitably. Nothing in this subchapter—

(1) provides for the imposition of a trade barrier to the entry into the United States of imported popcorn for the domestic market; or

(2) provides for the control of production or otherwise limits the right of any individual processor to produce popcorn.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §572, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1074.)
7 U.S.C. § 3319c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter X: FUNDING AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 3319c: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, §1601(f)(1)(F), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3704
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XVI, §1601(f)(1)(F), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3704
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1473C, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1427, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1554, provided for a special technology development research program.
7 U.S.C. § 4902 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 80: WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 4902: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(2) The term "person" means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or other entity.

(3) The term "watermelon" means all varieties of watermelon grown by producers in the United States or imported into the United States.

(4) The term "handler" means any person (except a common or contract carrier of watermelons owned by another person) who handles watermelons in a manner specified in a plan issued under this chapter or in regulations promulgated thereunder.

(5) The term "producer" means any person engaged in the growing of 10 or more acres of watermelons.

(6) The term "importer" means any person who imports watermelons into the United States.

(7) The term "plan" means an order issued by the Secretary under this chapter.

(8) The term "promotion" means any action taken by the Board, under this chapter, to present a favorable image for watermelons to the public with the express intent of improving the competitive position of watermelons in the marketplace and stimulating sales of watermelons, and shall include, but not be limited to, paid advertising.

(9) The term "Board" means the National Watermelon Promotion Board provided for in section 4906 of this title.

(10) The term "United States" means each of the several States and the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1643, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1623; Pub. L. 103–189, §§3(a), 8(a), (k)(3), 9(a), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2259, 2261, 2263, 2264.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–189, §8(k)(3)(A), substituted "chapter:" for "chapter—" in introductory provisions.

Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(k)(3)(B), (C), substituted "The term" for "the term" and a period for semicolon at end.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(a)(1), (k)(3)(B), substituted "The term" for "the term" and "or imported into the United States." for the semicolon at end.

Pub. L. 103–189, §3(a)(1), struck out "the forty-eight contiguous States of" after "by producers in".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(k)(3)(B), (C), substituted "The term" for "the term" and a period for semicolon at end.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 103–189, §9(a), substituted "10" for "five".

Pub. L. 103–189, §8(k)(3)(B), (C), substituted "The term" for "the term" and a period for semicolon at end.

Pars. (6), (7). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(a)(2), (3), added pars. (6) and (7) and redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (8) and (9), respectively.

Par. (8). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(a)(2), (k)(3)(D), redesignated par. (6) as (8) and substituted "The term" for "the term" and a period for "; and" at end.

Par. (9). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(a)(2), (k)(3)(E), redesignated par. (7) as (9) and substituted "The term" for "the term" and "4906" for "4903".

Par. (10). Pub. L. 103–189, §3(a)(2), added par. (10).
7 U.S.C. § 2911 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 62: BEEF RESEARCH AND INFORMATION / Section 2911: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter. Sums appropriated to carry out this chapter shall not be available for payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board or the Committee in administering any provisions of the order issued under section 2903(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 94–294, §12, May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1601(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1606.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to authorization of appropriations for provisions relating to refund of assessment from Beef Board.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–198 effective Jan. 1, 1986, see section 1601(c) of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 2901 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6r (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 6r: Reporting and recordkeeping for uncleared swaps
Reporting and recordkeeping for uncleared swaps
Status: in_force

(a) Required reporting of swaps not accepted by any derivatives clearing organization

(1) In general

Each swap that is not accepted for clearing by any derivatives clearing organization shall be reported to—

(A) a swap data repository described in section 24a of this title; or

(B) in the case in which there is no swap data repository that would accept the swap, to the Commission pursuant to this section within such time period as the Commission may by rule or regulation prescribe.

(2) Transition rule for preenactment swaps

(A) Swaps entered into before July 21, 2010

Each swap entered into before July 21, 2010, the terms of which have not expired as of July 21, 2010, shall be reported to a registered swap data repository or the Commission by a date that is not later than—

(i) 30 days after issuance of the interim final rule; or

(ii) such other period as the Commission determines to be appropriate.

(B) Commission rulemaking

The Commission shall promulgate an interim final rule within 90 days of July 21, 2010, providing for the reporting of each swap entered into before July 21, 2010.

(C) Effective date

The reporting provisions described in this section shall be effective upon the enactment of this section.

(3) Reporting obligations

(A) Swaps in which only 1 counterparty is a swap dealer or major swap participant

With respect to a swap in which only 1 counterparty is a swap dealer or major swap participant, the swap dealer or major swap participant shall report the swap as required under paragraphs (1) and (2).

(B) Swaps in which 1 counterparty is a swap dealer and the other a major swap participant

With respect to a swap in which 1 counterparty is a swap dealer and the other a major swap participant, the swap dealer shall report the swap as required under paragraphs (1) and (2).

(C) Other swaps

With respect to any other swap not described in subparagraph (A) or (B), the counterparties to the swap shall select a counterparty to report the swap as required under paragraphs (1) and (2).

(b) Duties of certain individuals

Any individual or entity that enters into a swap shall meet each requirement described in subsection (c) if the individual or entity did not—

(1) clear the swap in accordance with section 2(h)(1) of this title; or

(2) have the data regarding the swap accepted by a swap data repository in accordance with rules (including timeframes) adopted by the Commission under section 24a of this title.

(c) Requirements

An individual or entity described in subsection (b) shall—

(1) upon written request from the Commission, provide reports regarding the swaps held by the individual or entity to the Commission in such form and in such manner as the Commission may request; and

(2) maintain books and records pertaining to the swaps held by the individual or entity in such form, in such manner, and for such period as the Commission may require, which shall be open to inspection by—

(A) any representative of the Commission;

(B) an appropriate prudential regulator;

(C) the Securities and Exchange Commission;

(D) the Financial Stability Oversight Council; and

(E) the Department of Justice.

(d) Identical data

In prescribing rules under this section, the Commission shall require individuals and entities described in subsection (b) to submit to the Commission a report that contains data that is not less comprehensive than the data required to be collected by swap data repositories under section 24a of this title.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §4r, as added Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, §729, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1701.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1308a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1308a: Cost reduction options
Cost reduction options
Status: in_force

(a) Authority of Secretary to take action

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the Secretary of Agriculture determines that an action authorized under subsection (c), (d), or (e) will reduce the total of the direct and indirect costs to the Federal Government of a commodity program administered by the Secretary without adversely affecting income to small- and medium-sized producers participating in such program, the Secretary shall take such action with respect to the commodity program involved.

(b) Reservation of Secretary's right to reopen or change contracts if producer agrees

In the announcement of the specific provisions of any commodity program administered by the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary shall include a statement setting forth which, if any, of the actions are to be initially included in the program, and a statement that the Secretary reserves the right to initiate at a later date any action not previously included but authorized by this section, including the right to reopen and change a contract entered into by a producer under the program if the producer voluntarily agrees to the change.

(c) Purchase from other sources of commodities covered by nonrecourse loans

When a nonrecourse loan program is in effect for a crop of a commodity, the Secretary may enter the commercial market to purchase such commodity if the Secretary determines that the cost of such purchases plus appropriate carrying charges will probably be less than the comparable cost of later acquiring the commodity through defaults on nonrecourse loans under the program.

(d) Reduction in settlement price of nonrecourse loans

When the domestic market price of a commodity for which a nonrecourse loan program (including the program authorized by section 1445e of this title) is in effect is insufficient to cover the principal and accumulated interest on a loan made under such program, thereby encouraging default by a producer, the Secretary may provide for settlement of such loan and redemption by the producer of the commodity securing such loan for less than the total of the principal and all interest accumulated thereon if the Secretary determines that such reduction in the settlement price will yield benefits to the Federal Government due to—

(1) receipt by the Federal Government of a portion rather than none of the accumulated interest;

(2) avoidance of default; or

(3) elimination of storage, handling, and carrying charges on the forfeited commodity.

(e) Reopening of production control or loan programs to allow for payment in kind

When a production control or loan program is in effect for a crop of a major agricultural commodity, the Secretary may at any time prior to harvest reopen the program to participating producers for the purpose of accepting bids from producers for the conversion of acreage planted to such crop to diverted acres in return for payment in kind from Commodity Credit Corporation surplus stocks of the commodity to which the acreage was planted, if the Secretary determines that (1) changes in domestic or world supply or demand conditions have substantially changed after announcement of the program for that crop, and (2) without action to further adjust production, the Federal Government and producers will be faced with a burdensome and costly surplus. Such payments in kind shall not be included within the payment limitation per person established under section 1308 of this title, but shall be limited to a total $20,000 per year per producer for any one commodity.

(f) Other authorities of Secretary not affected

The authority provided in this section shall be in addition to, and not in place of, any authority granted to the Secretary under any other provision of law.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1009, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1453; Pub. L. 101–134, §3, Oct. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 781; Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(g)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1011; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(g)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1739.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food Security Act of 1985, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(g)(1), struck out "of $50,000" before "per person" in second sentence.

1989—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–134, in introductory provisions, inserted "(including the program authorized by section 1445e of this title)" after "nonrecourse loan program" and substituted "benefits" for "savings" and struck out concluding provisions which read as follows: "but the Secretary may not reduce the settlement price to less than the principal due on the loan".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2209 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2209: Additional statement of expenditures
Additional statement of expenditures
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture shall furnish proper vouchers and accounts for the sums appropriated for the Department of Agriculture to the Government Accountability Office.

(Mar. 3, 1885, ch. 338, §2, 23 Stat. 356; Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, 39 Stat. 492; June 10, 1921, ch. 18 §301, 42 Stat. 23; May 29, 1928, ch. 901, §1(88), 45 Stat. 992; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 558 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

1928—Act May 29, 1928, struck out requirement that Secretary of Agriculture present to Congress a detailed statement of the expenditure of all appropriations for the Department for the preceding fiscal year.

1916—Act Aug. 11, 1916, amended section generally.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

"Government Accountability Office" substituted in text for "General Accounting Office" pursuant to section 8(b) of Pub. L. 108–271, set out as a note under section 702 of Title 31, Money and Finance, which redesignated the General Accounting Office and any references thereto as the Government Accountability Office. Previously, "General Accounting Office" substituted in text for "accounting officers of the Treasury" pursuant to act June 10, 1921, which transferred powers and duties of Comptroller, six auditors, and certain other employees of the Treasury to General Accounting Office. See section 701 et seq. of Title 31.

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2663 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 59: RURAL FIRE PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Subchapter II: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 2663: Funding
Funding
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.

(b) Distributions

Such sums as are appropriated to carry out the provisions of section 2662(a) and (b) of this title shall be distributed by the Secretary as follows:

(1) 4 per centum shall be retained by the Secretary for program administration and national coordination of State programs, and program assistance to the States;

(2) 10 per centum shall be used to finance work serving two or more States in which colleges or universities in two or more States cooperate or that is conducted by one college or university to serve two or more States;

(3) 20 per centum shall be allocated equally among the States; and

(4) 66 per centum shall be allocated to each State as follows: One-half in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allotted as the rural population of the State bears to the total rural population of all the States, as determined by the last preceding decennial census current at that time; and one-half in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allotted as the farm population of the State bears to the total farm population of all the States, as determined by the last preceding decennial census current at that time:

Provided, That, beginning with the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, no State may receive more than $75,000 until all States have been allotted a minimum of $75,000.

(c) Additional distributions

Such sums as are appropriated to carry out subsections (e) and (i) of section 2662 of this title shall be distributed by the Secretary to colleges and universities, on a competitive or matching fund basis, according to the Secretary's determination of the projects and manner of funding that show the most promise of fulfilling the objectives of those subsections.

(d) Administration of programs

Funds appropriated under this subchapter may be used to pay salaries and other expenses of personnel employed to carry out the functions authorized by this subchapter; to obtain necessary supplies, equipment, and services; and to rent, repair, and maintain facilities needed, but not to purchase or construct buildings.

(e) Development of plans of work and budgets by eligible institutions

Payment of funds to any State for programs authorized under section 2662(a), (b), (c), and (d) of this title shall be contingent upon approval by the Secretary of a plan of work and budget for such programs and compliance with such regulations as the Secretary may issue under this subchapter. Plans for work shall be jointly developed in each State by the land-grant colleges and universities eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), and the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), including Tuskegee Institute. In States in which there is no land-grant institution eligible to receive funds under the Act of August 30, 1890, the land-grant institution eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862, shall be responsible for developing plans of work and budgets. In the development of the plans of work and budgets, consideration shall be given to involvement of the resources and expertise of the colleges and universities serving the region in which the plans and budgets are to be applied.

(f) Availability; budgets and accounts

Funds shall be available for use by each State in the fiscal year for which appropriated and the next fiscal year following the fiscal year for which appropriated. Funds shall be budgeted and accounted for on such forms and at such times as the Secretary shall prescribe.

(g) Financing of programs at other than cooperating institutions

Funds provided to each State under this subchapter may be used to finance programs through or at private and publicly supported colleges and universities other than the institutions responsible for administering the programs, as provided under section 2664 of this title.

(Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §503, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1324; amended Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1440(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1560; Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §§2389(c)(2), 2390(b)(2), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4055, 4056; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §403(b), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §792(b)(2), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6101(a)(3)(B), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4727.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of July 2, 1862, referred to in subsec. (e), is act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503, popularly known as the "Morrill Act" and also as the "First Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.

Act of August 30, 1890, referred to in subsec. (e), is act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, 26 Stat. 417, popularly known as the Agricultural College Act of 1890 and also as the Second Morrill Act, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2663, Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §503, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 94–259, §1, Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1441, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1006; Pub. L. 96–355, §4(1)–(3), Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1173, 1174, related to program moneys, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1326.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Agriculture" in introductory provisions.

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–127, §792(b)(2)(A)(ii), (iii), which directed substitution of "subsections (e), (h), and (i) of section 2662 of this title shall be distributed" for "section 2662(e)" and all that follows through "shall be distributed" and "objectives of subsections (e), (h), and (i) of section 2662 of this title" for "objectives of" and all that follows through "title", could not be executed because of prior amendment by Pub. L. 102–237, which substituted "subsections (e) and (i) of section 2662 of this title shall be distributed" for "the provisions of section 2662(e) of this title shall be distributed" and "objectives of those subsections" for "objectives of section 2662(e) of this title". See 1991 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 104–127, §792(b)(2)(A)(i), (B), struck out "(1)" before "Such sums" and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "The Secretary shall distribute the amounts appropriated to carry out section 2662(f) of this title to colleges and universities in accordance with the requirements of such subsection."

1991—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "subsections (e) and (i) of section 2662 of this title" for "the provisions of section 2662(e) of this title" and "objectives of those subsections" for "objectives of section 2662(e) of this title".

1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §2390(b)(2), which directed substitution of "section 2662(f) of this title, and section 2662(h) of this title" for "and section 2662(f) of this title", could not be executed because of prior amendment by Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(c)(2)(B), which struck out "and section 2662(f)" wherever appearing in par. (1). See below.

Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(c)(2), inserted heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out "and section 2662(f)" before "of this title" in two places, and added par. (2).

1985—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–198 inserted references to section 2662(f) of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7271 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter IV: OTHER COMMODITIES / Section 7271: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title I, §1310(a)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 182
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title I, §1310(a)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 182
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §155, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 922, related to Secretary making nonrecourse loans available to producers of quota peanuts.
7 U.S.C. § 2715 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 60: EGG RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 2715: Certification of organizations; required contents of report as criteria
Certification of organizations; required contents of report as criteria
Status: in_force

The eligibility of any organization to represent commercial egg producers of any egg producing area of the United States to request the issuance of an order under section 2704 of this title, and to participate in the making of nominations under section 2707(b) of this title shall be certified by the Secretary. Certification shall be based, in addition to other available information, upon a factual report submitted by the organization which shall contain information deemed relevant and specified by the Secretary for the making of such determination, including, but not limited to, the following:

(a) Geographic territory covered by the organization's active membership.

(b) Nature and size of the organization's active membership, proportion of total of such active membership accounted for by producers of commercial eggs, a chart showing the egg production by State in which the organization has members, and the volume of commercial eggs produced by the organization's active membership in each such State,

(c) The extent to which the commercial egg producer membership of such organization is represented in setting the organization's policies,

(d) Evidence of stability and permanency of the organization,

(e) Sources from which the organization's operating funds are derived,

(f) Functions of the organization, and

(g) The organization's ability and willingness to further the aims and objectives of this chapter: Provided, however, That the primary consideration in determining the eligibility of an organization shall be whether its commercial egg producer membership consists of a substantial number of egg producers who produce a substantial volume of commercial eggs. The Secretary shall certify any organization which he finds to be eligible under this section and his determination as to eligibility shall be final. Where more than one organization is certified in any geographic area, such organizations may caucus to determine the area's nominations under section 2707(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 93–428, §16, Oct. 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 1178.)
7 U.S.C. § 1450 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter III: NONBASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1450: Repealed. Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title II, §203(b), 68 Stat. 899
Repealed. Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title II, §203(b), 68 Stat. 899
Status: repealed

Section, acts Mar. 31, 1950, ch. 81, §5, 64 Stat. 42; Jan. 30, 1954, ch. 2, §5(a), 68 Stat. 7, provided that for the crop year of 1951 and thereafter, no price support would be available for Irish potatoes unless marketing quotas were in effect.
7 U.S.C. § 599 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 25A: EXPORT STANDARDS FOR GRAPES AND PLUMS / Section 599: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter—

(1) The term "person" includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations.

(2) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(3) Except as provided herein, the term "foreign commerce" means commerce between any State, or the District of Columbia, and any place outside of the United States or its possessions.

(4) The term "grapes" means vinifera species table grapes, European type, whether or not they have been in storage.

(5) The term "plums" means both European and Japanese type, whether or not they have been in storage, but does not mean Italian-type prunes, nor damson-type plums.

(Pub. L. 86–687, §9, Sept. 2, 1960, 74 Stat. 735.)
7 U.S.C. § 156 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8: NURSERY STOCK AND OTHER PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS / Section 156: Repealed. Pub. L. 106-224, title IV, §438(a)(1), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
Repealed. Pub. L. 106-224, title IV, §438(a)(1), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
Status: repealed

Section 156, acts Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, §2, 37 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 100–449, title III, §301(f)(3)(B), Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1869; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §431(d)(2), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4968, required that Secretary of Agriculture be notified of arrival of nursery stock at port of entry, prohibited forwarding without notification, and provided for inspection before shipment.

Section 157, act Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, §3, 37 Stat. 316, set forth marking requirements for entry of nursery stock into United States.

Section 158, act Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, §4, 37 Stat. 316, related to marking and inspection of imported nursery stock for interstate shipment.

Section 159, acts Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, §5, 37 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 97–432, §1(1), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2276, related to regulation of importation of plant products other than nursery stock.

Section 160, acts Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, §7, 37 Stat. 317; Pub. L. 97–432, §1(2), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2276, authorized regulations prohibiting importation of nursery stock or other plant products to prevent introduction into United States of any tree, plant or fruit disease or any injurious insect.

Section 161, acts Aug. 20, 1912, ch. 308, §8, 37 Stat. 318; Mar. 4, 1917, ch. 179, 39 Stat. 1165; Apr. 13, 1926, ch. 135, 44 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 95–439, §4, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 97–432, §1(3), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2276; Pub. L. 104–127, title IX, §911, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1185, authorized quarantine of any State, territory, or district of the United States in order to prevent the spread of a dangerous plant disease or insect infestation.
7 U.S.C. § 1339c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1339c: Feed grains diversion programs for 1964 and subsequent years; feed grain acreage considered wheat acreage and wheat acreage considered feed grain acreage
Feed grains diversion programs for 1964 and subsequent years; feed grain acreage considered wheat acreage and wheat acreage considered feed grain acreage
Status: in_force

Effective with the 1964 crop, during any year in which an acreage diversion program is in effect for feed grains, the Secretary shall, notwithstanding any other provision of law, permit producers of feed grains to have acreage devoted to the production of feed grains considered as devoted to the production of wheat and producers of wheat to have acreage devoted to the production of wheat considered as devoted to the production of feed grains to such extent and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines will not impair the effective operation of the program for feed grains or wheat. In establishing terms and conditions for permitting wheat to be planted in lieu of oats and rye, the Secretary may take into account the number of feed units per acre of wheat in relation to the number of feed units per acre of oats and rye.

(Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §328, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 89–321, title V, §514, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1206.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1965—Pub. L. 89–321 authorized the Secretary, in establishing terms and conditions for permitting wheat to be planted in lieu of oats and rye, to take into account the number of feed units per acre of wheat in relation to the number of feed units per acre of oats and rye.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 5313 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 84: NATIONAL NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Subchapter I: NUTRITION MONITORING AND RELATED RESEARCH / Section 5313: Development of comprehensive plan for National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program
Development of comprehensive plan for National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program
Status: in_force

(a) Comprehensive plan

The Secretaries, with the advice of the Board, shall prepare and implement a comprehensive plan for the coordinated program which shall be designed to—

(1) assess, collate data with respect to, analyze, and report, on a continuous basis, the dietary and nutritional status of the people of the United States, and the trends with respect to such status (dealing with such status and trends separately in the case of preschool and school-age children, pregnant and lactating women, elderly individuals, low-income populations, blacks, Hispanics, and other groups, at the discretion of the Secretaries), the state of the art with respect to nutrition monitoring and related research, future monitoring and related research priorities, and relevant policy implications of findings with respect to such status, trends, and research;

(2) sample representative subsets of identifiable low-income populations (such as Native Americans, Hispanics, or the homeless), and assess, analyze, and report, on a continuous basis, for a representative sample of the low-income population, food and household expenditures, participation in food assistance programs, and periods experienced when nutrition benefits are not sufficient to provide an adequate diet;

(3) sponsor or conduct research necessary to develop uniform indicators, standards, methodologies, technologies, and procedures for conducting and reporting nutrition monitoring and surveillance;

(4) develop and keep updated a national dietary and nutritional status data bank, a nutrient data bank, and other data resources as required;

(5) assist State and local government agencies in developing procedures and networks for nutrition monitoring and surveillance; and

(6) focus the nutrition monitoring activities of Federal agencies.

(b) Components of plan

The comprehensive plan, at a minimum, shall include components to—

(1) maintain and coordinate the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS);

(2) provide, by 1991, for the continuous collection, processing, and analysis of nutritional and dietary status data through stratified probability samples of the people of the United States designed to permit statistically reliable estimates of high-risk groups and geographic areas, and to permit accelerated data analysis (including annual analysis, as appropriate);

(3) maintain and enhance other Federal nutrition monitoring efforts such as the Centers for Disease Control Nutrition Surveillance Program and the Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, and, to the extent possible, coordinate such efforts with the surveys described in paragraphs (1) and (2);

(4) incorporate, in survey design, military and (where appropriate) institutionalized populations;

(5) complete the analysis and interpretation of the data sets from the surveys described in paragraph (1) collected prior to 1984 within the first year of the comprehensive plan;

(6) improve the methodologies and technologies, including those suitable for use by States and localities, available for the assessment of nutritional and dietary status and trends;

(7) develop uniform standards and indicators for the assessment and monitoring of nutritional and dietary status, for relating food consumption patterns to nutritional and health status, and for use in the evaluation of Federal food and nutrition intervention programs;

(8) establish national baseline data and procedures for nutrition monitoring;

(9) provide scientific and technical assistance, training, and consultation to State and local governments for the purpose of—

(A) obtaining dietary and nutrition status data;

(B) developing related data bases; and

(C) promoting the development of regional, State, and local data collection services to become an integral component of a national nutritional status network;

(10) establish mechanisms to identify the needs of users of nutrition monitoring data and to encourage the private sector and the academic community to participate in the development and implementation of the comprehensive plan and contribute relevant data from non-Federal sources to promote the development of a national nutritional status network;

(11) compile an inventory of Federal, State, and nongovernment activities related to nutrition monitoring and related research;

(12) focus on national nutrition monitoring needs while building on the responsibilities and expertise of the individual membership of the Board;

(13) administer the coordinated program, define program objectives, priorities, oversight, responsibilities, and resources, and define the organization and management of the Board and the Council; and

(14) provide a mechanism for periodically evaluating and refining the coordinated program and the comprehensive plan that facilitates cooperation and interaction by State and local governments, the private sector, scientific communities, and health care professionals, and that facilitates coordination with non-Federal activities.

(c) Additional requirements of plan

The comprehensive plan shall—

(1) allocate all of the projected functions and activities under the coordinated program among the various Federal agencies and offices that will be involved;

(2) contain an affirmative statement and description of the functions to be performed and activities to be undertaken by each of such agencies and offices in carrying out the coordinated program; and

(3) constitute the basis on which each agency participating in the coordinated program requests authorizations and appropriations for nutrition monitoring and related research during the ten-year period of the program.

(d) Publication of plan

(1) Proposed plan

Within 12 months after October 22, 1990, the Secretaries shall publish in the Federal Register a proposed comprehensive plan for public review for a comment period of no less than sixty days.

(2) Final plan

Within sixty days after the comment period under paragraph (1) expires, and after considering any comments received, the Secretaries shall submit to the President, for submission to the Congress and for publication in the Federal Register, the final comprehensive plan.

(e) Prohibition on construing

Nothing in this section may be construed as modifying, or as authorizing the Secretaries or the comprehensive plan to modify, any provision of an appropriation Act (or any other provision of law relating to the use of appropriated funds) that specifies—

(1) the department or agency to which funds are appropriated; or

(2) the obligations of such department or agency with respect to the use of such funds.

(Pub. L. 101–445, title I, §103, Oct. 22, 1990, 104 Stat. 1037.)
7 U.S.C. § 4804 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 79: PORK PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4804: Notice and hearing
Notice and hearing
Status: in_force

During the period beginning on January 1, 1986, and ending 30 days after receipt of a proposal for an initial order submitted by any person affected by this chapter, the Secretary shall—

(1) publish such proposed order; and

(2) give due notice of and opportunity for public comment on such proposed order.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1615, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1609.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1986, see section 1631 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 4801 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 4302 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4302: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(1) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States Department of Agriculture.

(2) The term "person" means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or any other entity.

(3) The term "cut flowers" means all flowers and decorative foliage used as fresh-cut flowers, fresh-cut decorative foliage, dried, preserved, and processed flowers, or dried and preserved decorative foliage, produced either under cover or in field operations.

(4) The term "potted flowering plants" means those plants that normally produce flowers, primarily produced in pots or similar containers, that are primarily used for interior decoration, whether grown under cover or in field operations.

(5) The term "foliage plants" means those plants, normally without flowers, primarily produced in pots or similar containers, that are primarily used for interior decorations, whether grown under cover or in field operations.

(6) The term "propagational material" means any plant material used in the propagation of cut flowers, potted flowering plants, and foliage plants, including cuttings, bulbs and corms, seedlings, canes, liners, plants, cells or tissue cultures, air layers and bublets,1 rhizomes, and root stocks. This term does not include seeds.

(7) The term "flowers and plants" means cut flowers, potted flowering plants, foliage plants, and propagational material.

(8) The term "United States" means the fifty States of the United States of America, the territories and possessions of the United States of America, and the District of Columbia.

(9) The term "promotion" means any action, including paid advertising, to advance the image or desirability of cut flowers, potted flowering plants, and foliage plants.

(10) The term "research" means any type of research to advance the image, desirability, or marketability of cut flowers, potted flowering plants, and foliage plants.

(11) The term "consumer education" means any action to provide information on the care and handling of cut flowers, potted flowering plants, and foliage plants.

(12) The term "marketing" means the sale or other disposition in commerce of cut flowers, potted flowering plants, and foliage plants.

(13) Unless otherwise noted, the term "producer" means any person who produces domestically, for sale in commerce, cut flowers, potted flowering plants, or foliage plants.

(14) The term "Floraboard" means the board provided for under section 4306 of this title.

(15) The term "importer" means any person who imports cut flowers, potted flowering plants, or foliage plants from outside of the United States or who acts as an agent, broker, or consignee of any person or nation that produces flowers and plants outside of the United States for sale in the United States.

(16) The term "commodity group" means that portion of the flower and plant industry devoted to the production and importation of any one of the following: (A) cut flowers; (B) potted flowering plants; or (C) foliage plants.

(17) The term "cost of plant material" means the actual price paid by a producer for any propagational material or any other flowers and plants used in the production of flowers and plants. This term does not include the cost of seeds.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1703, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1349.)

1 So in original. Probably should be "bulblets,".
7 U.S.C. § 1520 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1520: Producer eligibility
Producer eligibility
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a producer shall not be denied insurance under this subchapter if—

(1) for purposes of catastrophic risk protection coverage, the producer is a "person" (as defined by the Secretary); and

(2) for purposes of any other plan of insurance, the producer is 18 years of age and has a bona fide insurable interest in a crop as an owner-operator, landlord, tenant, or sharecropper.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §520, as added Pub. L. 92–357, July 28, 1972, 86 Stat. 501; amended Pub. L. 103–354, title I, §113, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3203; Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, §12033(c)(2)(B), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XII, §12033(c)(2)(B), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2167.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §12033(c)(2)(B), substituted "this subchapter" for "this chapter" in two places in introductory provisions.

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 substituted "Producer eligibility" for "Persons under twenty-one years of age" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be denied insurance under this chapter solely on the ground that he is under twenty-one years of age if such person is (1) over eighteen years of age, and (2) has a bona fide insurable interest in a crop as an owner-operator, landlord, tenant or sharecropper: Provided, That any such person who enters into a Federal Crop Insurance contract shall be subject to the same legal liability and have the same legal rights with respect to such contract as any person over the age of twenty-one years."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–354 effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to provision of crop insurance under Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) beginning with 1995 crop year, with such Act, as in effect on the day before Oct. 13, 1994, to continue to apply with respect to 1994 crop year, see section 120 of Pub. L. 103–354, set out as a note under section 1502 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2714 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 60: EGG RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 2714: Civil enforcement proceedings
Civil enforcement proceedings
Status: in_force

(a) Enforcement of orders by district court; referral of civil actions to Attorney General

The several district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, any order or regulation made or issued pursuant to this chapter. Any civil action authorized to be brought under this subsection shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action: Provided, That nothing in this chapter shall be construed as requiring the Secretary to refer to the Attorney General violations of this chapter whenever he believes that the administration and enforcement of the program would be adequately served by administrative action pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or suitable written notice or warning to any person committing such violations.

(b) Civil penalty; review by court of appeals; noncompliance with final order; referral to Attorney General

(1) Any person who violates any provisions of any order or regulation issued by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter, or who fails or refuses to pay, collect, or remit any assessment or fee duly required of him thereunder, may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not less than $500 or more than $5,000 for each such violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense. In addition to or in lieu of such civil penalty the Secretary may issue an order requiring such person to cease and desist from continuing such violation or violations. No penalty shall be assessed or cease and desist order issued unless such person is given notice and opportunity for a hearing before the Secretary with respect to such violation, and the order of the Secretary assessing a penalty or imposing a cease and desist order shall be final and conclusive unless the affected person files an appeal from the Secretary's order with the appropriate United States court of appeals.

(2) Any person against whom a violation is found and a civil penalty assessed or cease and desist order issued under paragraph (1) of this subsection may obtain review in the court of appeals of the United States for the circuit in which such person resides or has his place of business or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by filing a notice of appeal in such court within thirty days from the date of such order and by simultaneously sending a copy of such notice by certified mail to the Secretary. The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record upon which such violation was found. The findings of the Secretary shall be set aside only if found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.

(3) Any person who fails to obey a cease and desist order after it has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate court of appeals has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary, shall be subject to a civil penalty assessed by the Secretary, after opportunity for a hearing and for judicial review pursuant to the procedures specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, of not more than $500 for each offense, and each day during which such failure continues shall be deemed a separate offense.

(4) If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order, or after the appropriate court of appeals has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General who shall recover the amount assessed in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of the final order imposing the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

(Pub. L. 93–428, §15, Oct. 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 1177; Pub. L. 96–276, §6, June 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 541.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–276 substituted "civil action authorized to be brought under this subsection" for "civil action authorized to be brought under this chapter", struck out "minor" before "violation of this chapter", and inserted reference to administrative action pursuant to subsection (b).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–276 substituted provisions authorizing Secretary to assess civil penalty of not less than $500 or more than $5,000 per violation, to issue cease and desist orders for violations of regulations or orders issued by Secretary, and, after review in court of appeals, to assess civil penalty of $500 per offense for failure to abide by duly issued cease and desist order, and authorized actions by Attorney General in appropriate district courts to collect assessed penalties, for provisions authorizing penalties of up to $1,000 per offense for willful violations of this chapter, recoverable in civil action brought by the United States.
7 U.S.C. § 3371 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter XV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 3371: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VII, §7614(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4833
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VII, §7614(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4833
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1492, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7128(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 877, related to matching funds requirement.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of section by Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards described in Pub. L. 115–334, §7614(b) (amending sections 3157, 3322, 3333, 5813, 5924, 5925, 5925b, 7626, 7632, and 8114 of this title) that are made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment note under section 3151 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1766 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 43: FOREIGN MARKET DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter III: REPRESENTATION ALLOWANCES, REGULATIONS, GENERAL PROVISIONS, AND AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS / Section 1766: Rules and regulations; advance payment for rent and other service; funds for courtesies to foreign representatives
Rules and regulations; advance payment for rent and other service; funds for courtesies to foreign representatives
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture may make rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter and may cooperate with any Department or agency of the United States Government, State, Territory, or possession or any organization or person. In any foreign country where custom or practice requires payment in advance for rent or other service, such payment may be authorized by the Secretary of Agriculture. Funds available for the purposes of this chapter may be used for extending courtesies to representatives of foreign countries, when so provided in appropriation or other law.

(Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title VI, §606A, formerly §606, 68 Stat. 909; amended Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 950, §8, 70 Stat. 1034; renumbered §606A, Pub. L. 95–501, title IV, §401(2), Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1690.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1956—Act Aug. 3, 1956, inserted sentence relating to availability of funds for extending courtesies to representatives of foreign countries.
7 U.S.C. § 1936 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter I: REAL ESTATE LOANS / Section 1936: Beginning farmer or rancher and socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher contract land sales program
Beginning farmer or rancher and socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher contract land sales program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall, in accordance with this section, guarantee a loan made by a private seller of a farm or ranch to a qualified beginning farmer or rancher or socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher (as defined in section 2003(e)(2) of this title) on a contract land sales basis.

(b) Eligibility

In order to be eligible for a loan guarantee under subsection (a)—

(1) the qualified beginning farmer or rancher or socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall—

(A) on the date the contract land sale that is subject of the loan is complete, own and operate the farm or ranch that is the subject of the contract land sale;

(B) have a credit history that—

(i) includes a record of satisfactory debt repayment, as determined by the Secretary; and

(ii) is acceptable to the Secretary; and

(C) demonstrate to the Secretary that the farmer or rancher, as the case may be, is unable to obtain sufficient credit without a guarantee to finance any actual need of the farmer or rancher, as the case may be, at a reasonable rate or term; and

(2) the loan shall meet applicable underwriting criteria, as determined by the Secretary.

(c) Limitations

(1) Down payment

The Secretary shall not provide a loan guarantee under subsection (a) if the contribution of the qualified beginning farmer or rancher or socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher to the down payment for the farm or ranch that is the subject of the contract land sale would be less than 5 percent of the purchase price of the farm or ranch.

(2) Maximum purchase price

The Secretary shall not provide a loan guarantee under subsection (a) if the purchase price or the appraisal value of the farm or ranch that is the subject of the contract land sale is greater than $500,000.

(d) Period of guarantee

The period during which a loan guarantee under this section is in effect shall be the 10-year period beginning with the date the guarantee is provided.

(e) Guarantee plan

(1) Selection of plan

A private seller of a farm or ranch who makes a loan that is guaranteed by the Secretary under subsection (a) may select—

(A) a prompt payment guarantee plan, which shall cover—

(i) 3 amortized annual installments; or

(ii) an amount equal to 3 annual installments (including an amount equal to the total cost of any tax and insurance incurred during the period covered by the annual installments); or

(B) a standard guarantee plan, which shall cover an amount equal to 90 percent of the outstanding principal of the loan.

(2) Eligiblity 1 for standard guarantee plan

In order for a private seller to be eligible for a standard guarantee plan referred to in paragraph (1)(B), the private seller shall—

(A) secure a commercial lending institution or similar entity, as determined by the Secretary, to serve as an escrow agent; or

(B) in cooperation with the farmer or rancher, use an appropriate alternate arrangement, as determined by the Secretary.

(f) Transition from pilot program

(1) In general

The Secretary may phase-in the implementation of the changes to the Beginning Farmer and Rancher and Socially Disadvantaged Farmer or Rancher Contract Land Sales Program provided for in this section.

(2) Limitation

All changes to the Beginning Farmer and Rancher and Socially Disadvantaged Farmer or Rancher Contract Land Sales Program must be implemented for the 2011 Fiscal Year.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §310F, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5006, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 342; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §5005, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §5005, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1906.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1936, Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §310F, as added Pub. L. 102–554, §7(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4146, related to availability of farm ownership loans and loan guarantees for certain qualified beginning farmers and ranchers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title VI, §616(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1090.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §5005, amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to guarantee of a loan made by a private seller of a farm or ranch to a qualified beginning farmer or rancher or socially disadvantaged farmer or rancher on a contract land sales basis, for similar provisions relating to a pilot program in fiscal years 2003 through 2007.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "Eligibility".
7 U.S.C. § 2266 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2266: Congressional reaffirmation of policy to foster and encourage family farms
Congressional reaffirmation of policy to foster and encourage family farms
Status: in_force

(a) Congress reaffirms the historical policy of the United States to foster and encourage the family farm system of agriculture in this country. Congress believes that the maintenance of the family farm system of agriculture is essential to the social well-being of the Nation and the competitive production of adequate supplies of food and fiber. Congress further believes that any significant expansion of nonfamily owned large-scale corporate farming enterprises will be detrimental to the national welfare. It is neither the policy nor the intent of Congress that agricultural and agriculture-related programs be administered exclusively for family farm operations, but it is the policy and the express intent of Congress that no such program be administered in a manner that will place the family farm operation at an unfair economic disadvantage.

(b) Omitted

(Pub. L. 95–113, title I, §102, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 918; Pub. L. 97–98, title XVI, §1608, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1441, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1560.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Subsection (b), which required the Secretary of Agriculture to submit an annual report to Congress on trends in family farm operations and comprehensive national and State-by-State data on nonfamily farm operations in the United States, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 44 of House Document No. 103–7.

Amendments

1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–198 designated first and second sentences as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, and amended par. (2), as so designated, generally. Prior to redesignation and amendment, second sentence read as follows: "The Secretary shall also include in each such report (1) information on how existing agricultural and agriculture-related programs are being administered to enhance and strengthen the family farm system of agriculture in the United States, (2) an assessment of how tax, credit, and other Federal laws may encourage the growth of nonfamily farm operations and investment in agriculture by nonfamily farm interests, both foreign and domestic, and (3) such other information as the Secretary deems appropriate or determines would aid Congress in protecting, preserving, and strengthening the family farm system of agriculture in the United States."

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 substantially reenacted existing provisions, and inserted reference to tax and credit laws, and investment in agriculture by nonfamily farm interests, foreign and domestic.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.

Study of Impact of Prohibitions on Payments to Certain Corporations Under Wheat, Feed Grains, Cotton, and Rice Programs; Report by January 1, 1979

Pub. L. 95–113, title I, §103, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 919, provided that in furtherance of the policy stated in section 102 of this Act [this section], the Secretary of Agriculture was to conduct a study and report to Congress no later than January 1, 1979, on the impact on participation in the wheat, feed grain, cotton, and rice programs and the production of such commodities in carrying out a statutory provision such as that included in the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, as passed by the Senate on May 24, 1977 [see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title], prohibiting the making of payments to certain corporations and other entities under such programs, which study was to assess the impact of extending the prohibition against making commodity program payments to tenants on land owned by such corporations and other entities which would be excluded from payments under such a provision, and was to utilize the information on commodity program payments compiled by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service in determining payment eligibility under section 101 of the Agricultural Act of 1970, as amended [section 1307 of this title], and section 101 of this Act [section 1308 of this title]. The Secretary was authorized to collect such other information as necessary to determine the impact of such a statutory provision and to identify the number and characteristics of producers that would be affected by such a provision.
7 U.S.C. § 7655c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 7655c: Clarification of research and development program for wood building construction
Clarification of research and development program for wood building construction
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall conduct performance-driven research and development, education, and technical assistance for the purpose of facilitating the use of innovative wood products in wood building construction in the United States.

(b) Activities

In carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary shall—

(1) after receipt of input and guidance from, and collaboration with, the wood products industry, conservation organizations, and institutions of higher education, conduct research and development, education, and technical assistance at the Forest Products Laboratory or through the State and Private Forestry deputy area that meets measurable performance goals for the achievement of the priorities described in subsection (c); and

(2) after coordination and collaboration with the wood products industry and conservation organizations, make competitive grants to institutions of higher education to conduct research and development, education, and technical assistance that meets measurable performance goals for the achievement of the priorities described in subsection (c).

(c) Priorities

The research and development, education, and technical assistance conducted under subsection (a) shall give priority to—

(1) ways to improve the commercialization of innovative wood products;

(2) analyzing the safety of tall wood building materials;

(3) calculations by the Forest Products Laboratory of the lifecycle environmental footprint, from extraction of raw materials through the manufacturing process, of tall wood building construction;

(4) analyzing methods to reduce the lifecycle environmental footprint of tall wood building construction;

(5) analyzing the potential implications of the use of innovative wood products in building construction on wildlife; and

(6) 1 or more other research areas identified by the Secretary, in consultation with conservation organizations, institutions of higher education, and the wood products industry.

(d) Timeframe

To the maximum extent practicable, the measurable performance goals for the research and development, education, and technical assistance conducted under subsection (a) shall be achievable within a 5-year timeframe.

(Pub. L. 115–334, title VIII, §8642, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4871.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, and not as part of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998, which in part comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

"Secretary" as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 2 of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a Definition of "Secretary" note under section 9001 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–334, title VIII, §8641, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4871, provided that: "In this part [part III (§§8641–8644) of subtitle F of title VIII of Pub. L. 115–334, enacting this section and section 7655d of this title and amending section 8113 of this title]:

"(1) Innovative wood product.—The term 'innovative wood product' means a type of building component or system that uses large panelized wood construction, including mass timber.

"(2) Mass timber.—The term 'mass timber' includes—

"(A) cross-laminated timber;

"(B) nail laminated timber;

"(C) glue laminated timber;

"(D) laminated strand lumber; and

"(E) laminated veneer lumber.

"(3) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary [of Agriculture], acting through the Research and Development deputy area and the State and Private Forestry deputy area of the Forest Service.

"(4) Tall wood building.—The term 'tall wood building' means a building designed to be—

"(A) constructed with mass timber; and

"(B) more than 85 feet in height."
7 U.S.C. § 2033 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 51: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Section 2033: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title IV, §4124(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 326
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title IV, §4124(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 326
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 88–525, §24, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title IV, §401(g), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1027, related to payments by the Secretary to the Territory of American Samoa for fiscal years 1996 through 2002 to finance expenditures for nutrition assistance program extended under section 1469d(c) of title 48.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective May 13, 2002 and applicable beginning on Oct. 1, 2002, see section 4124(c), (d) of Pub. L. 107–171, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 2028 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7999 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter VI: ADMINISTRATION / Section 7999: Availability of incentive payments for certain producers
Availability of incentive payments for certain producers
Status: in_force

(a) Incentive payments required

Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary shall make available a total of $20,000,000 of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation during the 2003 through 2005 crop years to provide incentive payments to producers of hard white wheat.

(b) Conditions on implementation

The Secretary shall implement subsection (a)—

(1) only with regard to production that meets minimum quality criteria; and

(2) on not more than 2,000,000 acres or the equivalent volume of production.

(c) Demand for wheat

To be eligible to obtain an incentive payment under subsection (a), a producer shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Secretary that buyers and end-users are available for the wheat to be covered by the incentive payment.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1616, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 222.)
7 U.S.C. § 952 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 32: PEANUT STATISTICS / Section 952: Repealed. Pub. L. 85-105, §2, July 17, 1957, 71 Stat. 306
Repealed. Pub. L. 85-105, §2, July 17, 1957, 71 Stat. 306
Status: repealed

Section, acts June 24, 1936, ch. 745, §2, 49 Stat. 1899; May 12, 1938, ch. 199, §2, 52 Stat. 349, related to collection and publication of statistics as to quantity of peanuts picked or threshed by any person owning or operating peanut picking or threshing machines.
7 U.S.C. § 8790 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 8790: Signature authority
Signature authority
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In carrying out this title and title II and amendments made by those titles, if the Secretary approves a document, the Secretary shall not subsequently determine the document is inadequate or invalid because of the lack of authority of any person signing the document on behalf of the applicant or any other individual, entity, general partnership, or joint venture, or the documents relied upon were determined inadequate or invalid, unless the person signing the program document knowingly and willfully falsified the evidence of signature authority or a signature.

(b) Affirmation

(1) In general

Nothing in this section prohibits the Secretary from asking a proper party to affirm any document that otherwise would be considered approved under subsection (a).

(2) No retroactive effect

A denial of benefits based on a lack of affirmation under paragraph (1) shall not be retroactive with respect to third-party producers who were not the subject of the erroneous representation of authority, if the third-party producers—

(A) relied on the prior approval by the Secretary of the documents in good faith; and

(B) substantively complied with all program requirements 1

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1617, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1021; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1617, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1750.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title and title II, referred to in subsec. (a), are titles I and II of Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1753, which enacted this chapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of titles I and II to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
7 U.S.C. § 1766b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 43: FOREIGN MARKET DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter III: REPRESENTATION ALLOWANCES, REGULATIONS, GENERAL PROVISIONS, AND AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS / Section 1766b: Language training for families of officers and employees assigned abroad
Language training for families of officers and employees assigned abroad
Status: in_force

Effective October 1, 1976, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to provide appropriate orientation and language training to families of officers and employees of the Department of Agriculture in anticipation of an assignment abroad of such officers and employees or while abroad pursuant to this chapter or other authority: Provided, That the facilities of the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center or other Government facilities shall be used wherever practicable, and the Secretary may utilize foreign currencies generated under title I of the Food for Peace Act, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], to carry out the purposes of this section in the foreign nations to which such officers, employees, and families are assigned. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums, not to exceed $50,000 annually, as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section: Provided, That for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, any appropriations available to the Secretary of Agriculture (not to exceed $50,000) may be used to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Aug. 28, 1954, ch. 1041, title VI, §606C, formerly §602(f), as added Pub. L. 94–449, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1500; renumbered §606C, and amended Pub. L. 95–501, title IV, §401(3), (4), Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1691; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §102(f), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2237; Pub. L. 107–132, §1(b), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2412; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(H), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food for Peace Act, as amended, referred to in text, is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454, which is classified generally to chapter 41 (§1691 et seq.) of this title. Title I of the Act is classified to subchapter II (§1701 et seq.) of chapter 41 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Amendment by section 102(f) of Pub. L. 96–470 was executed to this section which is section 606C of act Aug. 28, 1954, instead of section 602(f) of act Aug. 28, 1954, as directed by section 102(f) of Pub. L. 96–470, as the probable intent of Congress, in view of the renumbering of section 602(f) of act Aug. 28, 1954 as section 606C of act Aug. 28, 1954 by section 401(3) of Pub. L. 95–501.

Provisions comprising this section were formerly classified to section 1762(f) of this title prior to redesignation by section 401(3) of Pub. L. 95–501.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246 substituted "Food for Peace Act" for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954".

2002—Pub. L. 107–132 substituted "George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center" for "Foreign Service Institute".

1980—Pub. L. 96–470 struck out provision requiring the Secretary of Agriculture to submit to the House Committee of Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry not later than ninety days after the end of each fiscal year a detailed report showing activities carried out under the authority of this section during such fiscal year.

1978—Pub. L. 95–501, §401(4), substituted "this section" for "this subsection" in four places. See Codification note above.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Availability of Funds

Pub. L. 109–97, title VII, §707, Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2150, provided that: "Hereafter, not to exceed $50,000 in each fiscal year of the funds appropriated by this or any other Appropriations Act to the Department of Agriculture (excluding the Forest Service) shall be available to provide appropriate orientation and language training pursuant to section 606C of the Act of August 28, 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1766b)."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. A, title VII, §707, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2839.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §707, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 32.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §707, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 38.

Pub. L. 107—76, title VII, §707, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 732.

Pub. L. 106—387, §1(a) [title VII, §707], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–29.

Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §707, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1161.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title VII, §707], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–26.

Pub. L. 105–86, title VII, §707, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2105.

Pub. L. 104–180, title VII, §707, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1597.

Pub. L. 104–37, title VII, §707, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 329.

Pub. L. 103–330, title VII, §707, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2467.

Pub. L. 103–111, title VII, §708, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1078.

Pub. L. 102–341, title VII, §708, Aug. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 907.

Pub. L. 102–142, title VII, §710, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 912.

Pub. L. 101–506, title VI, §610, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1347.

Pub. L. 101–161, title VI, §610, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 982.

Pub. L. 100–460, title VI, §610, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2260.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title VI, §610], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–322, 1329–354.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title VI, §610], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783–28, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title VI, §610], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341–28.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(a) [H.R. 3037, title VI, §610], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185; Pub. L. 100–202, §106, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–433.

Pub. L. 97–370, title VI, §610, Dec. 18, 1982, 96 Stat. 1810.

Pub. L. 97–103, title VI, §610, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1488.

Pub. L. 96–528, title VI, §610, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3117.

Pub. L. 96–108, title VI, §609, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 841.

Pub. L. 95–448, title VI, §610, Oct. 11, 1978, 92 Stat. 1093.

Pub. L. 95–97, title VI, §612, Aug. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 829.
7 U.S.C. § 390c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter III: RESEARCH FACILITIES / Section 390c: Applicability of chapter 10 of title 5
Applicability of chapter 10 of title 5
Status: in_force

Chapter 10 of title 5 and title XVIII of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2281 et seq.) shall not apply to a panel or board created solely for the purpose of reviewing applications or proposals submitted under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 88–74, §5, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §884(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1179; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(22), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4307.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 913. Title XVIII of the Act is classified generally to chapter 55A (§2281 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 390c, Pub. L. 88–74, §4, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 91; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(2), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 994; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1416, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1304; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(d), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1548; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1601(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3703, related to appropriations and administrative authority, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 5 of Pub. L. 88–74 was classified to section 390d of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 10 of title 5" for "Federal Advisory Committee Act" in section catchline and "Chapter 10 of title 5" for "The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.)" in text.
7 U.S.C. § 1b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 1b: Requirements of Secretary of the Treasury regarding exemption of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards from definition of the term "swap"
Requirements of Secretary of the Treasury regarding exemption of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards from definition of the term "swap"
Status: in_force

(a) Required considerations

In determining whether to exempt foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards from the definition of the term "swap", the Secretary of the Treasury (referred to in this section as the "Secretary") shall consider—

(1) whether the required trading and clearing of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards would create systemic risk, lower transparency, or threaten the financial stability of the United States;

(2) whether foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards are already subject to a regulatory scheme that is materially comparable to that established by this chapter for other classes of swaps;

(3) the extent to which bank regulators of participants in the foreign exchange market provide adequate supervision, including capital and margin requirements;

(4) the extent of adequate payment and settlement systems; and

(5) the use of a potential exemption of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards to evade otherwise applicable regulatory requirements.

(b) Determination

If the Secretary makes a determination to exempt foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards from the definition of the term "swap", the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a determination that contains—

(1) an explanation regarding why foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards are qualitatively different from other classes of swaps in a way that would make the foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards ill-suited for regulation as swaps; and

(2) an identification of the objective differences of foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards with respect to standard swaps that warrant an exempted status.

(c) Effect of determination

A determination by the Secretary under subsection (b) shall not exempt any foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards traded on a designated contract market or swap execution facility from any applicable antifraud and antimanipulation provision under this chapter.1

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §1b, as added Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, §722(h), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1674.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original "this title", and was translated as reading "this Act", meaning act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, which is classified generally to this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because act Sept. 21, 1922, does not contain titles.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1a of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 2665 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 59: RURAL FIRE PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Subchapter II: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 2665: Withholding funds
Withholding funds
Status: in_force

If the Secretary determines that a State is not eligible to receive part or all of the funds to which it is otherwise entitled for programs under section 2662(a) and (b) of this title because of a failure to comply with regulations issued by the Secretary under this subchapter, the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the President, and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the expiration of the Congress next succeeding the session of the legislature of the State from which funds have been withheld in order that the State may, if it should so desire, appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid, it shall be covered into the Treasury. If any portion of the moneys that are received by the designated officers of any State for the support and maintenance of programs authorized under this subchapter shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost, or be misapplied, it shall be replaced by the State.

(Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1326; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6101(a)(3)(B), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4727.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2665, Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §505, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 673, related to agreements and plans, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1326.

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in former section 2666 of this title, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 97–98.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "If the Secretary" for "If the Secretary of Agriculture".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 213 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 213: Prevention of unfair, discriminatory, or deceptive practices
Prevention of unfair, discriminatory, or deceptive practices
Status: in_force

(a) It shall be unlawful for any stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer to engage in or use any unfair, unjustly discriminatory, or deceptive practice or device in connection with determining whether persons should be authorized to operate at the stockyards, or with the receiving, marketing, buying, or selling on a commission basis or otherwise, feeding, watering, holding, delivery, shipment, weighing, or handling of livestock.

(b) Whenever complaint is made to the Secretary by any person, or whenever the Secretary has reason to believe, that any stockyard owner, market agency, or dealer is violating the provisions of subsection (a), the Secretary after notice and full hearing may make an order that he shall cease and desist from continuing such violation to the extent that the Secretary finds that it does or will exist. The Secretary may also assess a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each such violation. In determining the amount of the civil penalty to be assessed under this section, the Secretary shall consider the gravity of the offense, the size of the business involved, and the effect of the penalty on the person's ability to continue in business. If, after the lapse of the period allowed for appeal or after the affirmance of such penalty, the person against whom the civil penalty is assessed fails to pay such penalty, the Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General who may recover such penalty by an action in the appropriate district court of the United States.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §312, 42 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 85–909, §2(5), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 90–446, §1(e), July 31, 1968, 82 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 94–410, §3, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1249.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–410, §3(a), (c), struck out "in commerce" after "or handling" and substituted "livestock" for "live stock".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–410, §3(b), inserted provisions dealing with authority of Secretary to assess a civil penalty for violations and, upon failure to pay, procedure for recovery of such penalty.

1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–446 inserted "determining whether persons should be authorized to operate at stockyards, or with" after "in connection with".

1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–909 struck out "at a stockyard" after "in commerce".
7 U.S.C. § 3130 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter II: COORDINATION AND PLANNING OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Section 3130: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §858, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1173
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §858, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1173
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1456, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3614, related to composting research and extension program.
7 U.S.C. § 2202 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2202: Executive Department; Secretary
Executive Department; Secretary
Status: in_force

The Department of Agriculture shall be an executive department, under the supervision and control of a Secretary of Agriculture, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The provisions of title 4 of the Revised Statutes, including all amendments thereto, shall be applicable to said department; and all laws and parts of laws relating to the Department of Agriculture in existence February 9, 1889, as far as the same are applicable and not in conflict with this section, and only so far, are continued in full force and effect.

(Feb. 9, 1889, ch. 122, §§1, 4, 25 Stat. 659.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Title 4 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in text, was entitled "Provisions Applicable to All Executive Departments, and consisted of R.S. §§158 to 198. For provisions of the Code derived from such title 4, see sections 101, 301, 303, 304, 503, 2952, 3101, 3106, 3341, 3345 to 3349, 5535, 5536 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees; section 207 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure; sections 514, 520 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure; section 3321 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 512 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Order of Succession

For order of succession during any period when both Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Agriculture are unable to perform functions and duties of office of Secretary, see Ex. Ord. No. 13542, May 13, 2010, 75 F.R. 27921, listed in a table under section 3345 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.