7 U.S.C. § 8714 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: DIRECT PAYMENTS AND COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS / Section 8714: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title I, §1102(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title I, §1102(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1104, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 942; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1104, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1671, related to availability of counter-cyclical payments for 2008 through 2012 crop years.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Continued Application for 2013 Crop Year

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1102(b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658, provided that: "Sections 1104 and 1304 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8714, 8754), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 7, 2014], shall continue to apply through the 2013 crop year with respect to all covered commodities (as defined in section 1001 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 8702)) and peanuts on a farm."
7 U.S.C. § 1632c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1632c: Acer access and development program
Acer access and development program
Status: in_force

(a) Grants authorized

The Secretary of Agriculture may make competitive grants to States, tribal governments, and research institutions to support the efforts of such States, tribal governments, and research institutions to promote the domestic maple syrup industry through the following activities:

(1) Promotion of research and education related to maple syrup production.

(2) Promotion of natural resource sustainability in the maple syrup industry.

(3) Market promotion for maple syrup and maple-sap products.

(4) Encouragement of owners and operators of privately held land containing species of trees in the genus Acer—

(A) to initiate or expand maple-sugaring activities on the land; or

(B) to voluntarily make the land available, including by lease or other means, for access by the public for maple-sugaring activities.

(b) Application

In submitting an application for a competitive grant under this section, a State, tribal government, or research institution shall include—

(1) a description of the activities to be supported using the grant funds;

(2) a description of the benefits that the State, tribal government, or research institution intends to achieve as a result of engaging in such activities; and

(3) an estimate of the increase in maple-sugaring activities or maple syrup production that the State, tribal government, or research institution anticipates will occur as a result of engaging in such activities.

(c) Rule of construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed so as to preempt a State or tribal government law, including a State or tribal government liability law.

(d) Definition of maple-sugaring

In this section, the term "maple-sugaring" means the collection of sap from any species of tree in the genus Acer for the purpose of boiling to produce food.

(e) Regulations

The Secretary of Agriculture shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12306, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 988; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12501, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4982.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 2014, and not as part of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".
7 U.S.C. § 589 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 25: EXPORT STANDARDS FOR APPLES / Section 589: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter—

(1) The term "person" includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations.

(2) The term "Secretary of Agriculture" means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States.

(3) Except as provided herein, the term "foreign commerce" means commerce between any State, or the District of Columbia, and any place outside of the United States or its possessions.

(4) The term "apples" means fresh whole apples, whether or not the apples have been in storage.

(5) The term "bulk container" means a container that contains a quantity of apples weighing more than 100 pounds.

(June 10, 1933, ch. 59, §9, 48 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 106–96, §1(b), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1321; Pub. L. 113–79, title X, §10009(b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 949.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2014—Par. (5). Pub. L. 113–79 added par. (5).

1999—Par. (4). Pub. L. 106–96 added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "The term 'apples and/or pears' means fresh whole apples or pears, whether or not they have been in storage."
7 U.S.C. § 936f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 936f: Substantially underserved trust areas
Substantially underserved trust areas
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Eligible program

The term "eligible program" means a program administered by the Rural Utilities Service and authorized in—

(A) this chapter; or

(B) paragraph (1), (2), (14), (22), or (24) of section 1926(a) of this title or section 1926a, 1926c, 1926d, or 1926e of this title.

(2) Substantially underserved trust area

The term "substantially underserved trust area" means a community in "trust land" (as defined in section 3765 of title 38) with respect to which the Secretary determines has a high need for the benefits of an eligible program.

(b) Initiative

The Secretary, in consultation with local governments and Federal agencies, may implement an initiative to identify and improve the availability of eligible programs in communities in substantially underserved trust areas.

(c) Authority of Secretary

In carrying out subsection (b), the Secretary—

(1) may make available from loan or loan guarantee programs administered by the Rural Utilities Service to qualified utilities or applicants financing with an interest rate as low as 2 percent, and with extended repayment terms;

(2) may waive nonduplication restrictions, matching fund requirements, or credit support requirements from any loan or grant program administered by the Rural Utilities Service to facilitate the construction, acquisition, or improvement of infrastructure;

(3) may give the highest funding priority to designated projects in substantially underserved trust areas; and

(4) shall only make loans or loan guarantees that are found to be financially feasible and that provide eligible program benefits to substantially underserved trust areas.

(d) Report

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes—

(1) the progress of the initiative implemented under subsection (b); and

(2) recommendations for any regulatory or legislative changes that would be appropriate to improve services to substantially underserved trust areas.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §306F, as added Pub. L. 110–234, title VI, §6105, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1196, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VI, §6105, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1957.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2625 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 58: POTATO RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2625: Amendment procedure
Amendment procedure
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter applicable to plans shall be applicable to amendments to plans.

(Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §316, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2047.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Amendment Procedure

Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1946, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3869, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Notwithstanding any provision of the Potato Research and Promotion Act [7 U.S.C. 2611 et seq.] (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Act'), the procedure specified in this section shall apply if a producer or a producer organization requests the Secretary of Agriculture (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Secretary') to amend the plan in effect under that Act (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'plan') to—

"(1) subject importers to the terms and conditions of a plan, and

"(2) eliminate provisions for refunds of assessments for those not in favor of supporting the research and promotion program as provided under that Act.

The procedure under this section shall apply only in the case of the first such request received after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990].

"(b) Publication of Proposed Amendments.—The Secretary shall publish for public comment such proposed amendments to the plan within 60 days.

"(c) Issuance of Final Amendments.—Not later than 150 days after publication of such amendment, and after notice and opportunity for public comment, the Secretary shall issue the amendments to the plan, as described in subsection (a), if the Secretary has reason to believe that such amendments will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this subtitle [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 2611 of this title].

"(d) Referendum.—Not later than 24 months after the date of issuance of such amendments to the plan, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among producers and importers who, during a representative period determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the production or importation of potatoes. The amendments shall be continued only if the Secretary determines that the amendments to the plan have been approved by a majority of the total number of producers and importers voting in the referendum.

"(e) Refunds.—The board shall—

"(1) establish an escrow account to be used for assessment refunds, and place funds in such account in accordance with paragraph (2) during the period beginning on the effective date of the amendments to the plan issued under subsection (c) and ending on the date of the referendum on the amendments to the plan;

"(2) place in the account established under paragraph (1), from assessments collected under the plan during the period referred to in paragraph (1), an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the total amount of assessments collected during such period by 10 percent;

"(3) subject to paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), provide that for the period referred to in paragraph (1) any producer or importer shall have the right to demand and receive from the board a one-time refund of assessments collected from such producer or importer during such period if—

"(A) such producer or importer is responsible for paying such assessments;

"(B) such producer or importer does not support the program established under the plan; and

"(C) the amendments to the plan to eliminate provisions for refunds of assessments are not approved pursuant to a referendum conducted under subsection (d);

"(4) require such demand to be made in accordance with regulations, on a form, and within a time period prescribed by the board;

"(5) require such refund to be made on submission of proof satisfactory to the board that such producer or importer paid the assessment for which refund is demanded; and

"(6) if the amount in the escrow account required to be established by paragraph (1) is not sufficient to refund the total amount of assessments demanded by all eligible producers and importers under this subsection, prorate the amount of such refunds among all eligible producers and importers who demand such refund.

"(f) Termination.—If such amendments to the plan are not approved, the Secretary shall terminate the amendments and the plan shall continue in effect without the amendments.

"(g) Amendment to Include the 50 States.—Notwithstanding any provision of the Act, the Secretary shall, upon request of a producer or a producer organization, issue an amendment to the plan to include the 50 States of the United States. Such amendment shall not be subject to a referendum."
7 U.S.C. § 2136 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2136: Registration of research facilities, handlers, carriers and unlicensed exhibitors
Registration of research facilities, handlers, carriers and unlicensed exhibitors
Status: in_force

Every research facility, every intermediate handler, every carrier, and every exhibitor not licensed under section 2133 of this title shall register with the Secretary in accordance with such rules and regulations as he may prescribe.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §6, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 91–579, §7, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1561; Pub. L. 94–279, §6, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 418.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–279 inserted ", every intermediate handler, every carrier," after "research facility".

1970—Pub. L. 91–579 inserted reference to exhibitors not licensed under section 2133 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–579 effective one year after Dec. 24, 1970, see section 23 of Pub. L. 91–579, set out as a note under section 2131 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1392 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1392: Administrative expenses; posting names and compensation of local employees
Administrative expenses; posting names and compensation of local employees
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such expenditures as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter and sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16, including personal services and rents in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; traveling expenses; supplies and equipment; lawbooks, books of reference, directories, periodicals, and newspapers; and the preparation and display of exhibits, including such displays at community, county, State, interstate, and international fairs within the United States. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed upon the request of the Secretary to establish one or more separate appropriation accounts into which there shall be transferred from the respective funds available for the purposes of this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16, in connection with which personnel or other facilities of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration are utilized, proportionate amounts estimated by the Secretary to be required by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration for administrative expenses in carrying out or cooperating in carrying out any of the provisions of this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16.

(b) In the administration of this subchapter and sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16, the aggregate amount expended in any fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, for administrative expenses in the District of Columbia, including regional offices, and in the several States (not including the expenses of county and local committees) shall not exceed 3 per centum of the total amount available for such fiscal year for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter and chapter 3B of title 16, unless otherwise provided by appropriation or other law. In the administration of section 612c of this title, and sections 601, 602, 608a, 608b, 608c, 608d, 610, 612, 614, 624, and 671 to 673 of this title, the aggregate amount expended in any fiscal year beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, for administrative expenses in the District of Columbia, including regional offices, and in the several States (not including the expenses of county and local committees) shall not exceed 4 per centum of the total amount available for such fiscal year for carrying out the purposes of said sections, unless otherwise provided by appropriation or other law. In the event any administrative expenses of any county or local committee are deducted in any fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1939, from chapter 3B of title 16 payments, parity payments, or loans, each farmer receiving benefits under such provisions shall be apprised of the amount or percentage deducted from such benefit payment or loan on account of such administrative expenses. The names and addresses of the members and employees of any county or local committee, and the amount of such compensation received by each of them, shall be posted annually in a conspicuous place in the area within which they are employed.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §392, 52 Stat. 69; Jan. 31, 1942, ch. 32, 56 Stat. 41; Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 950, §7, 70 Stat. 1034.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Chapter 3B [§590a et seq.] of title 16, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.

Amendments

1956—Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 3, 1956, changed the period to a comma at end of first and second sentences and inserted "unless otherwise provided by appropriation or other law".

1942—Subsecs. (a), (b). Act Jan. 31, 1942, among other changes, inserted reference to sections of title 16, after "this chapter" and "this subchapter".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1942 Amendment

Act Jan. 31, 1942, provided that the amendments made by that act are effective for the fiscal year 1942 and subsequent fiscal years.

Expenses of an Advisory Committee on Soil and Water Conservation

Act Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 934, 70 Stat. 989, provided: "That the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to pay expenses of an Advisory Committee on Soil and Water Conservation and related matters, but such Committee members (other than ex officio members) shall not be deemed to be employees of the United States and shall not receive compensation."

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Agricultural Adjustment Administration consolidated into Production and Marketing Administration by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7876, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See note set out under section 610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 4402 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 75: INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS / Section 4402: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(1) The term "agreement" means the Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be Used for Such Carriage, and the annexes and the appendices thereto, done at Geneva, September 1, 1970, under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations.

(2) The term "contracting party" means any country that is eligible under article 9 of the agreement and that has complied with the terms of such article.

(3) The term "equipment" means the special transport equipment that complies with the definitions and standards set forth in annex 1 to the agreement, including, but not limited to, railway cars, trucks, trailers, semitrailers, and intermodal freight containers that are insulated only, or insulated and equipped with a refrigerating, mechanically refrigerating, or heating appliance.

(4) The term "perishable foodstuffs" means quick deep-frozen and frozen food products listed in annex 2 and food products listed in annex 3 to the agreement.

(5) The term "international carriage" means transportation of perishable foodstuffs if such foodstuffs are loaded in equipment or the equipment containing them is loaded onto a rail or road vehicle, in the territory of any country and such foodstuffs are, or the equipment containing them is, unloaded in the territory of another country that is a contracting party, where such transportation is by—

(A) rail,

(B) road,

(C) any combination of rail and road, or

(D) any sea crossing of less than one hundred and fifty kilometers, if preceded or followed by one or more land journeys as referred to in clauses (A), (B), and (C) of this paragraph, and the perishable foodstuffs are shipped in the same equipment used for such land journeys without transloading of such foodstuffs.

In the case of any transportation that involves one or more sea crossings other than as specified in clause (D) of this paragraph, each land journey shall be considered separately.

(6) The term "United States" means the fifty States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands of the United States, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.

(Pub. L. 97–325, §3, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1603.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 97–325, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1603, known as the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4401 of this title and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 921a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter II: RURAL TELEPHONE SERVICE / Section 921a: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VI, §6602(b)(13), (14), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title VI, §6602(b)(13), (14), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777
Status: repealed

Section 921a, Pub. L. 92–12, §1, May 7, 1971, 85 Stat. 29, related to policy of financing of rural telephone program.

Section 921b, Pub. L. 92–324, §1, June 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 390, related to policy of expansion of markets for debentures.
7 U.S.C. § 136m (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6: INSECTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Subchapter II: ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Section 136m: Indemnities
Indemnities
Status: in_force

(a) General indemnification

(1) In general

Except as otherwise provided in this section, if—

(A) the Administrator notifies a registrant under section 136d(c)(1) of this title that the Administrator intends to suspend a registration or that an emergency order of suspension of a registration under section 136d(c)(3) of this title has been issued;

(B) the registration in question is suspended under section 136d(c) of this title, and thereafter is canceled under section 136d(b), 136d(d), or 136d(f) of this title; and

(C) any person who owned any quantity of the pesticide immediately before the notice to the registrant under subparagraph (A) suffered losses by reason of suspension or cancellation of the registration;

the Administrator shall make an indemnity payment to the person.

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply if the Administrator finds that the person—

(A) had knowledge of facts that, in themselves, would have shown that the pesticide did not meet the requirements of section 136a(c)(5) of this title for registration; and

(B) continued thereafter to produce the pesticide without giving timely notice of such facts to the Administrator.

(3) Report

If the Administrator takes an action under paragraph (1) that requires the payment of indemnification, the Administrator shall report to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, and the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate on—

(A) the action taken that requires the payment of indemnification;

(B) the reasons for taking the action;

(C) the estimated cost of the payment; and

(D) a request for the appropriation of funds for the payment.

(4) Appropriation

The Administrator may not make a payment of indemnification under paragraph (1) unless a specific line item appropriation of funds has been made in advance for the payment.

(b) Indemnification of end users, dealers, and distributors

(1) End users

If—

(A) the Administrator notifies a registrant under section 136d(c)(1) of this title that the Administrator intends to suspend a registration or that an emergency order of suspension of a registration under section 136d(c)(3) of this title has been issued;

(B) the registration in question is suspended under section 136d(c) of this title, and thereafter is canceled under section 136d(b), 136d(d), or 136d(f) of this title; and

(C) any person who, immediately before the notice to the registrant under subparagraph (A), owned any quantity of the pesticide for purposes of applying or using the pesticide as an end user, rather than for purposes of distributing or selling it or further processing it for distribution or sale, suffered a loss by reason of the suspension or cancellation of the pesticide;

the person shall be entitled to an indemnity payment under this subsection for such quantity of the pesticide.

(2) Dealers and distributors

(A) Any registrant, wholesaler, dealer, or other distributor (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as a "seller") of a registered pesticide who distributes or sells the pesticide directly to any person not described as an end user in paragraph (1)(C) shall, with respect to any quantity of the pesticide that such person cannot use or resell as a result of the suspension or cancellation of the pesticide, reimburse such person for the cost of first acquiring the pesticide from the seller (other than the cost of transportation, if any), unless the seller provided to the person at the time of distribution or sale a notice, in writing, that the pesticide is not subject to reimbursement by the seller.

(B) If—

(i) the Administrator notifies a registrant under section 136d(c)(1) of this title that the Administrator intends to suspend a registration or that an emergency order of suspension of a registration under section 136d(c)(3) of this title has been issued;

(ii) the registration in question is suspended under section 136d(c) of this title, and thereafter is canceled under section 136d(b), 136d(d), or 136d(f) of this title;

(iii) any person who, immediately before the notice to the registrant under clause (i)—

(I) had not been notified in writing by the seller, as provided under subparagraph (A), that any quantity of the pesticide owned by such person is not subject to reimbursement by the seller in the event of suspension or cancellation of the pesticide; and

(II) owned any quantity of the pesticide for purposes of—

(aa) distributing or selling it; or

(bb) further processing it for distribution or sale directly to an end user;

suffered a loss by reason of the suspension or cancellation of the pesticide; and

(iv) the Administrator determines on the basis of a claim of loss submitted to the Administrator by the person, that the seller—

(I) did not provide the notice specified in subparagraph (A) to such person; and

(II) is and will continue to be unable to provide reimbursement to such person, as provided under subparagraph (A), for the loss referred to in clause (iii), as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the seller and the seller's resulting inability to provide such reimbursement;

the person shall be entitled to an indemnity payment under this subsection for such quantity of the pesticide.

(C) If an indemnity payment is made by the United States under this paragraph, the United States shall be subrogated to any right that would otherwise be held under this paragraph by a seller who is unable to make a reimbursement in accordance with this paragraph with regard to reimbursements that otherwise would have been made by the seller.

(3) Source

Any payment required to be made under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be made from the appropriation provided under section 1304 of title 31.

(4) Administrative settlement

An administrative settlement of a claim for such indemnity may be made in accordance with the third paragraph of section 2414 of title 28 and shall be regarded as if it were made under that section for purposes of section 1304 of title 31.

(c) Amount of payment

(1) In general

The amount of an indemnity payment under subsection (a) or (b) to any person shall be determined on the basis of the cost of the pesticide owned by the person (other than the cost of transportation, if any) immediately before the issuance of the notice to the registrant referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A), (b)(1)(A), or (b)(2)(B)(i), except that in no event shall an indemnity payment to any person exceed the fair market value of the pesticide owned by the person immediately before the issuance of the notice.

(2) Special rule

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, the Administrator may provide a reasonable time for use or other disposal of the pesticide. In determining the quantity of any pesticide for which indemnity shall be paid under this section, proper adjustment shall be made for any pesticide used or otherwise disposed of by the owner.

(June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §15, as added Pub. L. 92–516, §2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 993; amended Pub. L. 100–532, title V, §501(a), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2674.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–532 amended section generally, in subsec. (a), substituting provisions relating to general indemnification for provisions relating to requirements for payment, adding subsec. (b), and redesignating provisions of former subsec. (b), with further amendment, as subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–532, title V, §501(a), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2674, provided that amendment made by Pub. L. 100–532 is effective 180 days after Oct. 25, 1988.

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–516, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.

Interim Payments

Pub. L. 100–532, title V, §501(b), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2676, provided that:

"(1) Source.—Any obligation of the Administrator to pay an indemnity arising under section 15 [this section], as it existed prior to the effective date of the amendment made by this section [see Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note above], shall be made from the appropriation provided under section 1304 of title 31, United States Code.

"(2) Administrative settlement.—An administrative settlement of a claim for such indemnity may be made in accordance with the third paragraph of section 2414 of title 28, United States Code, and shall be regarded as if it were made under that section for purposes of section 1304 of title 31, United States Code."
7 U.S.C. § 7317 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter VII: COMMISSION ON 21st CENTURY PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE / Section 7317: Personnel matters
Personnel matters
Status: in_force

(a) Compensation

Each member of the Commission shall serve without compensation, but shall be allowed travel expenses including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, when engaged in the performance of Commission duties.

(b) Staff

(1) Appointment

The Commission shall appoint a staff director, who shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the maximum rate of basic pay under section 5376 of title 5, and such professional and clerical personnel as may be reasonable and necessary to enable the Commission to carry out its duties under this subchapter without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service, and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title, or any other provision of law, relating to the number, classification, and General Schedule rates.

(2) Limitation on compensation

No employee appointed under this subsection (other than the staff director) may be compensated at a rate to exceed the maximum rate applicable to level GS–15 of the General Schedule.

(c) Detailed personnel

On the request of the chairperson of the Commission, the head of any department or agency of the Federal Government is authorized to detail, without reimbursement, any personnel of the department or agency to the Commission to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under this section. The detail of any individual may not result in the interruption or loss of civil service status or other privilege of the individual.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §187, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 941.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out under section 5332 of Title 5.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Maximum Rate Under 5 U.S.C. 5376

For reference to maximum rate under section 5376 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 2(d)(3) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 5376 of Title 5.
7 U.S.C. § 1008 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter II: OPERATING LOANS / Section 1008: Repealed. Pub. L. 87-128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318
Repealed. Pub. L. 87-128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318
Status: repealed

Section 1008, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title II, §22, 50 Stat. 525; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §4, 60 Stat. 1071, related to debt adjustment.

Section 1009, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title II, §23, 50 Stat. 525; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §4, 60 Stat. 1071, authorized appropriations for production and subsistence.

For subject matter of sections 1008 and 1009 of this title, see section 1921 et seq. of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective one hundred and twenty days after Aug. 8, 1961, or such earlier date as the provisions of section 1921 et seq. of this title are made effective by regulations of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 341(a) of Pub. L. 87–128, set out as a note under section 1921 of this title.

Sections repealed effective Oct. 15, 1961, by former section 300.1 of Title 6, Code of Federal Regulations, see Effective Date note set out under section 1921 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 4317 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4317: Investigations; subpena powers, etc.; enforcement
Investigations; subpena powers, etc.; enforcement
Status: in_force

The Secretary may make such investigations as are deemed necessary to carry out the Secretary's responsibilities under this chapter or to determine whether a producer, importer, wholesaler, retailer, or other seller of flowers and plants, or any other person has engaged or is about to engage in any acts or practices which constitute or will constitute a violation of any provisions of this chapter, or of any order, or rule or regulation issued under this chapter. For the purpose of such investigation, the Secretary is empowered to administer oaths and affirmations, subpena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any books, papers, and documents which are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States. In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpena to, any person, including a producer of flowers and plants, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents; and such court may issue an order requiring such person to appear before the Secretary, there to produce records, if so ordered, or to give testimony touching the matter under investigation. Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. All processes in any such cases may be served in the judicial district wherein such person is an inhabitant or wherever such person may be found.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1718, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1357.)
7 U.S.C. § 1970 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter III: EMERGENCY LOANS / Section 1970: Eligibility for assistance based on production loss
Eligibility for assistance based on production loss
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall make financial assistance under this subchapter available to any applicant seeking assistance based on production losses if the applicant shows that a single enterprise which constitutes a basic part of the applicant's farming, ranching, or aquaculture operation has sustained at least a 30 per centum loss of normal per acre or per animal production, or such lesser per centum of loss as the Secretary may determine, as a result of the disaster based upon the average monthly price in effect for the previous year and the applicant otherwise meets the conditions of eligibility prescribed under this subchapter. Such loans shall be made available based upon 80 per centum, or such greater per centum as the Secretary may determine, of the total calculated actual production loss sustained by the applicant.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §329, as added Pub. L. 94–68, §7, Aug. 5, 1975, 89 Stat. 382; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §163, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 378.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Pub. L. 97–35 increased specific per centum loss from 20 to 30, and authorized a lesser per centum loss pursuant to determinations by the Secretary under applicable criteria.
7 U.S.C. § 3319 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter X: FUNDING AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 3319: Restriction on treatment of indirect costs and tuition remission
Restriction on treatment of indirect costs and tuition remission
Status: in_force

Funds made available by the Secretary under established Federal-State partnership arrangements to State cooperative institutions under the Acts referred to in section 3103(18) of this title and funds made available under subsection (c)(1)(B) of section 3157 of this title shall not be subject to reduction for indirect costs or for tuition remission. No indirect costs or tuition remission shall be charged against funds in connection with cooperative agreements between the Department of Agriculture and State cooperative institutions if the cooperative program or project involved is of mutual interest to all the parties and if all the parties contribute to the cooperative agreement involved. The prohibition on the use of such funds for the reimbursement of indirect costs shall not apply to funds for international agricultural programs conducted by a State cooperative institution and administered by the Secretary or to funds provided by a Federal agency for such cooperative program or project through a fund transfer, advance, or reimbursement. The Secretary shall limit the amount of such reimbursement to an amount necessary to carry out such program or agreement.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1473, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1439(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1315; amended Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1425, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1553; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §402(13), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§7101(b)(4), 7406(d)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1213, 1252; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §§7101(b)(4), 7406(d)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1975, 2013.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §7406(d)(1), struck out "and subsection (d)" before "of section 3157".

Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(b)(4), substituted "section 3103(18)" for "section 3103(16)".

1991—Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "subsection (c)(1)(B)" for "subsection (c)(2)".

1985—Pub. L. 99–198 inserted provisions making prohibition on use of funds for reimbursement of indirect costs inapplicable to funds for international agricultural programs but required the Secretary to limit the reimbursement to amounts necessary to carry out the programs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7406(d)(1) of Pub. L. 110–246 inapplicable to any solicitation for grant applications issued by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service before June 18, 2008, see section 7406(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 3157 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 427e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 427e: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Status: repealed

Section, act June 29, 1935, ch. 338, title I, §6, 49 Stat. 438, defined "Territory". See section 361a of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Existing Rights and Liabilities

Any rights or liabilities existing under this section unaffected by repeal, see section 2 of act Aug. 11, 1955, set out as a note under former section 361 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1014 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1014: Repealed. Pub. L. 87-128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318
Repealed. Pub. L. 87-128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318
Status: repealed

Section 1014, act July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §40, 50 Stat. 527, created the Farmers' Home Corporation and provided for its location, delegation of power by Secretary of Agriculture, capital stock, board of directors, personnel, quorum, compensation, expenses, selection of administrator, powers of corporation, compensation to injured employees, deposit of monies, tax exemption, records and annual report.

Section 1015, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §41, 50 Stat. 528; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; July 26, 1947, ch. 339, §1(a), 61 Stat. 493; Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, §6(a), 63 Stat. 881; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, §1106(a), 63 Stat. 972; Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1076, §1(4), 68 Stat. 966; July 31, 1956, ch. 804, title I, §107(a), 70 Stat. 739; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 829, §3(a), 70 Stat. 803, related to powers or Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 1016, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §42, 50 Stat. 530; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 829, §3(b), 70 Stat. 804, provided for county or area committee appointments, compensation, meetings and duties.

Section 1017, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §43, 50 Stat. 530; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title II, §205(a), 64 Stat. 73; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 829, §3(c), 70 Stat. 804, related to resettlement projects, their liquidation, determination of lands suitable for farm management units, report to Congress, sale of lands, disposition of public facilities and conditions thereof, disposition of surplus property and sale of properties of defense relocation corporation, etc.

Section 1018, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §44, 50 Stat. 530; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; Aug. 23, 1951, ch. 344, §3, 65 Stat. 198, related to special conditions and limitations on loans.

Section 1019, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §45, 50 Stat. 530; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064, related to transfer of lands to Secretary.

Section 1020, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §46, 50 Stat. 530; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; July 22, 1954, ch. 562, §1(d), 68 Stat. 525, related to transactions with private corporations.

Section 1021, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §47, 50 Stat. 531; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064, related to surveys and investigations.

Section 1022, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §48, 50 Stat. 531; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; Aug. 23, 1951, ch. 344, §4, 65 Stat. 198, related to variable payments on obligations and discretionary scheduling of initial payment.

Section 1023, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §49, 50 Stat. 531; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064, related to set-off.

Section 1024, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §50, 50 Stat. 531; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064, related to taxation.

Section 1025, acts July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, §51, 50 Stat. 531; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §3, 60 Stat. 1064; July 22, 1954, ch. 562, §1(e), 68 Stat. 525; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 829, §3(d), 70 Stat. 804, related to protection of investment and security and purchase at foreclosure sale.

For subject matter of sections 1014 to 1025 of this title, see section 1921 et seq. of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective one hundred and twenty days after Aug. 8, 1961, or such earlier date as the provisions of chapter 50 of this title are made effective by regulations of Secretary of Agriculture, see section 341(a) of Pub. L. 87–128, set out as a note under section 1921 of this title.

Sections repealed effective Oct. 15, 1961, by former section 300.1 of Title 6, Code of Federal Regulations, except that the provisions of section 1018 of this title, as existing prior to amendment by act Aug. 14, 1946, which require mineral reservations in lands disposed of under sections 1010 to 1012 of this title shall not become effective until Dec. 7, 1961, see Effective Date note set out under section 1921 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1006a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter I: TENANT PURCHASE LOANS AND MORTGAGE INSURANCE / Section 1006a: Loans to homestead or desertland entrymen and purchasers of lands in reclamation projects; security; first repayment installment
Loans to homestead or desertland entrymen and purchasers of lands in reclamation projects; security; first repayment installment
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to make a loan or loans for any purpose authorized by and in accordance with the terms of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, as amended, or the Act of August 28, 1937, as amended, to any person eligible for assistance under said Acts who has made or makes a homestead or desertland entry on public land or who has contracted for or contracts for the purchase of other land of the United States in a reclamation project pursuant to the applicable provisions of the homestead and reclamation laws. Any such loans required by the Secretary of Agriculture or by law to be secured by a real-estate mortgage may be secured by a mortgage contract which shall create a lien against the land in favor of the United States acting through the Secretary of Agriculture and any patent thereafter issued shall recite the existence of such lien. The first installment for the repayment of any such loan or any other loan made under the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, as amended, or the Act of August 28, 1937, as amended, to the owner of a newly irrigated farm in a reclamation project or to an entryman under the desertland laws, may be deferred for a period of not to exceed two years from the date of the first advance under such loan.

(Oct. 19, 1949, ch. 697, §1, 63 Stat. 883; Pub. L. 92–419, title VI, §602, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 675.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, referred to in text, is act July 22, 1937, ch. 517, 50 Stat. 522, which is classified generally to this chapter (§1000 et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1000 of this title and Tables.

Act of August 28, 1937, referred to in text, was classified to sections 590r to 590x–4 of Title 16, Conservation, and was repealed by Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §341(a), Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318. See section 921 et seq. of this title.

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, which constitutes a major part of this chapter.

Amendments

1972—Pub. L. 92–419 authorized loans to desertland entrymen and provided for first repayment installment of a loan to an entryman under the desertland laws.
7 U.S.C. § 7631 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7631: Agricultural biotechnology research and development for developing countries
Agricultural biotechnology research and development for developing countries
Status: in_force

(a) Eligible entity

In this section, the term "eligible entity" means—

(A) an institution of higher education that offers a curriculum in agriculture or the biosciences;

(B) a nonprofit organization; or

(C) a consortium of for-profit institutions and agricultural research institutions.

(b) Grant program

(1) In general

The Secretary (acting through the Foreign Agricultural Service) shall establish and administer a program to make competitive grants to eligible entities to develop agricultural biotechnology for developing countries.

(2) Use of funds

Funds provided to an eligible entity under this section may be used for projects that use biotechnology to—

(A) enhance the nutritional content of agricultural products that can be grown in developing countries;

(B) increase the yield and safety of agricultural products that can be grown in developing countries;

(C) increase the yield of agricultural products that are drought- and stress-resistant and that can be grown in developing countries;

(D) extend the growing range of crops that can be grown in developing countries;

(E) enhance the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables grown in developing countries;

(F) develop environmentally sustainable agricultural products that can be grown in developing countries; and

(G) develop vaccines to immunize against life-threatening illnesses and other medications that can be administered by consuming genetically-engineered agricultural products.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2012.

(Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §411, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7505, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 466; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7310, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7310, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2004.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–246, §7310, substituted "2012" for "2007".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 930 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 930: Congressional declaration of policy
Congressional declaration of policy
Status: in_force

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress that adequate funds should be made available to rural electric and telephone systems through direct, insured and guaranteed loans at interest rates which will allow them to achieve the objectives of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as amended [7 U.S.C. 901 et seq.], and that such rural electric and telephone systems should be encouraged and assisted to develop their resources and ability to achieve the financial strength needed to enable them to satisfy their credit needs from their own financial organizations and other sources at reasonable rates and terms consistent with the loan applicant's ability to pay and achievement of the Act's objectives.

(Pub. L. 93–32, §1, May 11, 1973, 87 Stat. 65.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Rural Electrification Act of 1936 and the Act, referred to in text, are act May 20, 1936, ch. 432, 49 Stat. 1363, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 901 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of the first sentence of section 1 of Pub. L. 93–32. The last sentence of section 1 of Pub. L. 93–32 provided that: "The Rural Electrification Act of 1936, as amended (7 U.S.C. 901–950(b)), is therefore further amended as hereinafter provided."

Section was not enacted as part of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 93–32, §12, May 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 71, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 906a, 930, and 933 to 940 of this title, amending sections 903, 931, 932, 945, 946, 947, and 948 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect upon enactment [May 11, 1973]."

Reservation of Right To Repeal, Alter, or Amend Pub. L. 93–32

Pub. L. 93–32, §11, May 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 71, provided that: "The right to repeal, alter, or amend, this Act [enacting sections 906a, 930, and 933 to 940 of this title, amending sections 903, 931, 932, 945, 946, 947, and 948 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] is expressly reserved."
7 U.S.C. § 2274a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2274a: Firearm authority of employees conducting field work in remote locations
Firearm authority of employees conducting field work in remote locations
Status: in_force

On and after December 8, 2004, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to permit employees of the United States Department of Agriculture to carry and use firearms for personal protection while conducting field work in remote locations in the performance of their official duties.

(Pub. L. 108–447, div. A, title VII, §742, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2844.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub.L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §745, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 37.

Pub.L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §753, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 45.
7 U.S.C. § 2702 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 60: EGG RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 2702: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(a) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture or any other officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture to whom there has heretofore been delegated, or to whom there may hereafter be delegated, the authority to act in his stead.

(b) The term "person" means any individual, group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or any other entity.

 (c) The term "commercial eggs" or "eggs" means eggs from domesticated chickens which are sold for human consumption either in shell egg form or for further processing into egg products.

(d) The term "hen" or "laying hen" means a domesticated female chicken twenty weeks of age or over, raised primarily for the production of commercial eggs.

(e) The term "egg producer" means the person owning laying hens engaged in the production of commercial eggs.

(f) The term "case" means a standard shipping package containing thirty dozen eggs.

(g) The term "hatching eggs" means eggs intended for use by hatcheries for the production of baby chicks.

(h) The term "United States" means the forty-eight contiguous States of the United States of America and the District of Columbia.

(i) The term "promotion" means any action, including paid advertising, to advance the image or desirability of eggs, egg products, spent fowl, or products of spent fowl.

(j) The term "research" means any type of research to advance the image, desirability, marketability, production, or quality of eggs, egg products, spent fowl, or products of spent fowl.

(k) The term "consumer education" means any action to advance the image or desirability of eggs, egg products, spent fowl, or products of spent fowl.

(l) The term "marketing" means the sale or other disposition of commercial eggs, egg products, spent fowl, or products of spent fowl, in any channel of commerce.

(m) The term "commerce" means interstate, foreign, or intrastate commerce.

(n) The term "egg products" means products produced, in whole or in part, from eggs.

(o) The term "spent fowl" means hens which have been in production of commercial eggs and have been removed from such production for slaughter.

(p) The term "products of spent fowl" means commercial products produced from spent fowl.

(q) The term "hatchery operator" means any person engaged in the production of egg-type baby chicks.

(r) The term "started pullet" means a hen less than twenty weeks of age.

(s) The term "started pullet dealer" means any person engaged in the sale of started pullets.

(t) The term "handler" means any person, specified in the order or the rules and regulations issued thereunder, who receives or otherwise acquires eggs from an egg producer, and processes, prepares for marketing, or markets, such eggs, including eggs of his own production.

(Pub. L. 93–428, §3, Oct. 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 1172.)
7 U.S.C. § 8306 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 109: ANIMAL HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 8306: Seizure, quarantine, and disposal
Seizure, quarantine, and disposal
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary may hold, seize, quarantine, treat, destroy, dispose of, or take other remedial action with respect to—

(1) any animal or progeny of any animal, article, or means of conveyance that—

(A) is moving or has been moved in interstate commerce or has been imported and entered; and

(B) the Secretary has reason to believe may carry, may have carried, or may have been affected with or exposed to any pest or disease of livestock at the time of movement or that is otherwise in violation of this chapter;

(2) any animal or progeny of any animal, article, or means of conveyance that is moving or is being handled, or has moved or has been handled, in interstate commerce in violation of this chapter;

(3) any animal or progeny of any animal, article, or means of conveyance that has been imported, and is moving or is being handled or has moved or has been handled, in violation of this chapter; or

(4) any animal or progeny of any animal, article, or means of conveyance that the Secretary finds is not being maintained, or has not been maintained, in accordance with any post-importation quarantine, post-importation condition, post-movement quarantine, or post-movement condition in accordance with this chapter.

(b) Extraordinary emergencies

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (2), if the Secretary determines that an extraordinary emergency exists because of the presence in the United States of a pest or disease of livestock and that the presence of the pest or disease threatens the livestock of the United States, the Secretary may—

(A) hold, seize, treat, apply other remedial actions to, destroy (including preventative slaughter), or otherwise dispose of, any animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance if the Secretary determines the action is necessary to prevent the dissemination of the pest or disease; and

(B) prohibit or restrict the movement or use within a State, or any portion of a State of any animal or article, means of conveyance, or facility if the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary to prevent the dissemination of the pest or disease.

(2) State action

(A) In general

The Secretary may take action in a State under this subsection only on finding that measures being taken by the State are inadequate to control or eradicate the pest or disease, after review and consultation with—

"(i) 1 the Governor or an appropriate animal health official of the State; or

"(ii) 1 in the case of any animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribe, the head of the Indian tribe.

(B) Notice

Subject to subparagraph (C), before any action is taken in a State under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—

(i) notify the Governor, an appropriate animal health official of the State, or head of the Indian tribe of the proposed action;

(ii) issue a public announcement of the proposed action; and

(iii) publish in the Federal Register—

(I) the findings of the Secretary;

(II) a description of the proposed action; and

(III) a statement of the reasons for the proposed action.

(C) Notice after action

If it is not practicable to publish in the Federal Register the information required under subparagraph (B)(iii) before taking action under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall publish the information as soon as practicable, but not later than 10 business days, after commencement of the action.

(c) Quarantine, disposal, or other remedial action

(1) In general

The Secretary, in writing, may order the owner of any animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance referred to in subsection (a) or (b) to maintain in quarantine, dispose of, or take other remedial action with respect to the animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance, in a manner determined by the Secretary.

(2) Failure to comply with orders

If the owner fails to comply with the order of the Secretary, the Secretary may—

(A) seize, quarantine, dispose of, or take other remedial action with respect to the animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance under subsection (a) or (b); and

(B) recover from the owner the costs of any care, handling, disposal, or other remedial action incurred by the Secretary in connection with the seizure, quarantine, disposal, or other remedial action.

(d) Compensation

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (3), the Secretary shall compensate the owner of any animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance that the Secretary requires to be destroyed under this section.

(2) Amount

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the compensation shall be based on the fair market value, as determined by the Secretary, of the destroyed animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance.

(B) Limitation

Compensation paid any owner under this subsection shall not exceed the difference between—

(i) the fair market value of the destroyed animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance; and

(ii) any compensation received by the owner from a State or other source for the destroyed animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance.

(C) Reviewability

The determination by the Secretary of the amount to be paid under this subsection shall be final and not subject to judicial review or review by any officer or employee of the Federal Government other than the Secretary or the designee of the Secretary.

(3) Exceptions

No payment shall be made by the Secretary under this subsection for—

(A) any animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance that has been moved or handled by the owner in violation of an agreement for the control and eradication of diseases or pests or in violation of this chapter;

(B) any progeny of any animal or article, which animal or article has been moved or handled by the owner of the animal or article in violation of this chapter;

(C) any animal, article, or means of conveyance that is refused entry under this chapter; or

(D) any animal, article, facility, or means of conveyance that becomes or has become affected with or exposed to any pest or disease of livestock because of a violation of an agreement for the control and eradication of diseases or pests or a violation of this chapter by the owner.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10407, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 110–234, title XI, §11011(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XI, §11011(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2121.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d)(3), was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle E (§§10401–10418) of title X of Pub. L. 107–171, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 494, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of subtitle E to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8301 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 110–246, §11011(1), struck out "of longer than 60 days" after "or review".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

1 So in original. Opening quotation marks probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 27b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 27b: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-203, title VII, §725(g)(1)(A), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1694
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-203, title VII, §725(g)(1)(A), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1694
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title IV, §404], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–459, related to exclusion of certain identified banking products offered by banks after Dec. 5, 2000.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 452 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 18: COOPERATIVE MARKETING / Section 452: Supervision of division of cooperative marketing
Supervision of division of cooperative marketing
Status: in_force

The division of cooperative marketing shall be under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture.

(July 2, 1926, ch. 725, §2, 44 Stat. 802.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

First sentence of section, which provided that "The Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized and directed to establish a division of cooperative marketing with suitable personnel in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics of the Department of Agriculture or in such bureau in the Department of Agriculture as may hereafter be concerned with the marketing and distribution of farm products" was omitted from the Code as executed.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer to Secretary of Agriculture

Act Aug. 6, 1953, ch. 335, §9, 67 Stat. 394, provided: "There is hereby transferred from the Farm Credit Administration to the jurisdiction and control of the Secretary of Agriculture the Division of Cooperative Marketing (by whatever name now called) authorized and created under and by virtue of an Act of Congress of July 2, 1926 (Public, Numbered 450, Sixty-ninth Congress), entitled 'An Act to create a Division of Cooperative Marketing in the Department of Agriculture; to provide for the acquisition and dissemination of information pertaining to cooperation; to promote the knowledge of cooperative principles and practices; to provide for calling advisers to counsel with the Secretary of Agriculture on cooperative activities; to authorize cooperative associations to acquire, interpret, and disseminate crop and market information, and for other purposes [this chapter]', together with all functions pertaining to the work and services of such Division, its personnel, property (including office equipment), assets, funds, contracts, and records used and employed in the execution of its functions, powers, and duties, and so much of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds available or to be made available for salaries, expenses, and all other administrative expenditures as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget [now Director of the Office of Management and Budget] shall determine, for use in the execution of the functions, powers, and duties of said Division."

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Farmer Cooperative Service established in Department of Agriculture Dec. 4, 1953, pursuant to Secretary's Memorandum 1320, Supp. 4, 1953, as successor to functions of Cooperative Research and Service Division, Farm Credit Administration.

Ex. Ord. No. 9322, Mar. 26, 1943, 8 F.R. 3807, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 9334, Apr. 19, 1943, 8 F.R. 5423, removed Farm Credit Administration from Food Production Administration of Department of Agriculture and returned it to its former status as a separate agency of Department.

Ex. Ord. No. 9280, Dec. 5, 1942, 7 F.R. 10179, made Farm Credit Administration a part of Food Production Administration of Department of Agriculture.

Farm Credit Administration transferred to Department of Agriculture by 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §401, 4 F.R. 2727, 53 Stat. 1423, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Ex. Ord. No. 6084, Mar. 27, 1933, set out as a note preceding section 2241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, changed name of Federal Farm Board to Farm Credit Administration and name of office of Chairman of Federal Farm Board to Governor of Farm Credit Administration.

Ex. Ord. No. 5200, Oct. 1, 1929, transferred, eff. Oct. 1, 1929, from Department of Agriculture to jurisdiction and control of Federal Farm Board the whole of Division of Cooperative Marketing in Bureau of Agricultural Economics of Department of Agriculture, all functions pertaining to work and services of such division, its records, property, including office equipment, personnel, and unexpended balances of appropriation, pertaining to such work or services.

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer, or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1471g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter V: EMERGENCY LIVESTOCK FEED ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1988 / Section 1471g: Benefits limitation
Benefits limitation
Status: in_force

(a) Total amount of benefits

The total amount of benefits that a person shall be entitled to receive annually under one or more of the programs established under this subchapter may not exceed $50,000.

(b) Issuance of regulations

The Secretary shall issue regulations—

(1) defining the term "person", which shall conform, to the extent practicable, to the regulations defining the term "person" issued under section 1308 of this title (before the amendment made by section 1603(a) 1 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008), or successor statute;

(2) prescribing such rules as the Secretary determines necessary to ensure a fair and reasonable application of the limitation established under this section; and

(3) providing that the term "person" shall include, in the case of any cooperative association of producers, each member of the association with respect to benefits due to such member of the association.

(c) Receipt of other disaster payments

No person may receive benefits under this subchapter attributable to lost production of a feed commodity due to a natural disaster in 1988 to the extent that such person receives a disaster payment under the Disaster Assistance Act of 1988 on such lost production.

(d) Total combined payment and benefits limitation

Each person otherwise eligible for a livestock emergency benefit under this subchapter in 1988 shall be subject to the combined payment and benefits limitation established under section 211(c) of the Disaster Assistance Act of 1988.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title VI, §609, as added Pub. L. 100–387, title I, §101(a), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 930; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1603(g)(2), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1011; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1603(g)(2), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1739; Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1609(b)(1), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 709.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1308 of this title (before the amendment made by section 1603(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008), referred to in subsec. (b)(1), probably means section 1308 of this title before the amendment made by section 1603(b)(3)(A) of that Act, Pub. L. 110–246, which struck out provisions in section 1308 of this title relating to issuance of regulations defining the term "person".

The Disaster Assistance Act of 1988, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (d), is Pub. L. 100–387, Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 924. Section 211(c) of that act is set out as a note under section 1421 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §1609(b)(1), amended language inserted by Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(g)(2). See 2008 Amendment note below.

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §1603(g)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 113–79, §1609(b)(1), inserted "(before the amendment made by section 1603(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008)" after "section 1308 of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1609(b)(2), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 709, provided that: "This subsection [amending this section, sections 1524 and 8204 of this title, section 2106a of Title 16, Conservation, and section 2401 of Title 19, Customs Duties] and the amendments made by this subsection take effect as if included in the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–246; 122 Stat. 1651 [see Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note below])."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective 15 days after Aug. 11, 1988, with subsecs. (c) and (d) of this section applicable only with respect to any livestock emergency in 1988, see section 101(c) of Pub. L. 100–387, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note under section 1427 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(12) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(12) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(12) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(L) of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 54 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 2: COTTON STANDARDS / Section 54: Classification by Department of Agriculture; certification thereof; effect of certificate; regulations for classification
Classification by Department of Agriculture; certification thereof; effect of certificate; regulations for classification
Status: in_force

Any person who has custody of or a financial interest in any cotton may submit the same or samples thereof, drawn in accordance with the regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture, to such officer or officers of the Department of Agriculture, as may be designated for the purpose pursuant to the regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture for a determination of the true classification of such cotton or samples, including the comparison thereof, if requested, with types or other samples submitted for the purpose. The final certificate of the Department of Agriculture showing such determination shall be binding on officers of the United States and shall be accepted in the courts of the United States as prima facie evidence of the true classification or comparison of such cotton or samples when involved in any transaction or shipment in commerce. The Secretary of Agriculture shall fix rules and regulations for submitting samples of cotton for classification providing that all samples shall be numbered so that no one interested in the transaction involved shall be known by any classifier engaged in the classification of such cotton samples.

(Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 288, §4, 42 Stat. 1517.)
7 U.S.C. § 1010 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter III: LAND CONSERVATION AND LAND UTILIZATION / Section 1010: Land conservation and land utilization
Land conservation and land utilization
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized and directed to develop a program of land conservation and land utilization, in order thereby to correct maladjustments in land use, and thus assist in controlling soil erosion, reforestation, preserving natural resources, protecting fish and wildlife, developing and protecting recreational facilities, mitigating floods, preventing impairment of dams and reservoirs, developing energy resources, conserving surface and subsurface moisture, protecting the watersheds of navigable streams, and protecting the public lands, health, safety, and welfare, but not to build industrial parks or establish private industrial or commercial enterprises.

(July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title III, §31, 50 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 87–703, title I, §102(a), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 89–796, §1(a), Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 97–98, title XV, §1513, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1333.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 inserted development of energy resources to the enumeration of aims for which the Secretary may develop programs of land conservation and land utilization.

1966—Pub. L. 89–796 inserted "developing and protecting recreational facilities," after "protecting fish and wildlife,".

1962—Pub. L. 87–703 struck out "including the retirement of lands which are submarginal or not primarily suitable for cultivation," after "land utilization", provided for assistance in protecting fish and wildlife and prohibited the building of industrial parks or establishment of private industrial or commercial enterprises.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Repeal; Savings Provision

Section repealed by Pub. L. 94–579, title VII, §706(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2793, effective on and after Oct. 21, 1976, insofar as applicable to the issuance of rights-of-way over, upon, under, and through the public lands and lands in the National Forest System. Such repeal not to be construed as terminating any valid lease, permit, patent, etc., existing on Oct. 21, 1976, see section 701 of Pub. L. 94–579, set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 43, Public Lands.

Existing Rights-of-Way

Provisions of section 706(a) of Pub. L. 94–579, except as pertaining to rights-of-way, not to be construed as affecting the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture under this section, see note set out under section 1701 of Title 43, Public Lands.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Enforcement functions of Secretary or other official in Department of Agriculture, insofar as they involve lands and programs under jurisdiction of that Department, related to compliance with this subchapter with respect to pre-construction, construction, and initial operation of transportation system for Canadian and Alaskan natural gas transferred to Federal Inspector, Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, until first anniversary of date of initial operation of Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1979, §§102(f), 203(a), 44 F.R. 33663, 33666, 93 Stat. 1373, 1376, effective July 1, 1979, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System abolished, and functions and authority vested in Inspector transferred to Secretary of Energy by section 3012(b) of Pub. L. 102–486, set out as an Abolition of Office of Federal Inspector note under section 719e of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Functions and authority vested in Secretary of Energy subsequently transferred to Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects by section 720d(f) of Title 15.
7 U.S.C. § 1431f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1431f: Assistance to foreign countries to mitigate effects of HIV and AIDS
Assistance to foreign countries to mitigate effects of HIV and AIDS
Status: in_force

On and after November 10, 2005, of any shipments of commodities made pursuant to section 1431(b) of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, to the extent practicable, direct that tonnage equal in value to not more than $25,000,000 shall be made available to foreign countries to assist in mitigating the effects of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome on communities, including the provision of—

(1) agricultural commodities to—

(A) individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in the communities; and

(B) households in the communities, particularly individuals caring for orphaned children; and

(2) agricultural commodities monetized to provide other assistance (including assistance under microcredit and microenterprise programs) to create or restore sustainable livelihoods among individuals in the communities, particularly individuals caring for orphaned children.

(Pub. L. 109–97, title VII, §725, Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2153.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, and not as part of the Agricultural Act of 1949 which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of the 1949 Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. A, title VII, §728, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2843.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §725, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 34.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §725, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 42.

Pub. L. 107—76, title VII, §727, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 735.

Pub. L. 106—387, §1(a) [title VII, §743], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–35.
7 U.S.C. § 6414 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 93: PROCESSOR-FUNDED MILK PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 6414: Suspension or termination of orders
Suspension or termination of orders
Status: in_force

(a) Suspension or termination by Secretary

The Secretary shall, whenever the Secretary finds that the order or any provision of the order obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, terminate or suspend the operation of the order or provision.

(b) Other referenda

(1) In general

The Secretary may conduct at any time a referendum of persons who, during a representative period as determined by the Secretary, have been fluid milk processors on whether to suspend or terminate the order, and shall hold such a referendum on request of the Board or any group of such processors that among them marketed during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, 10 percent or more of the volume of fluid milk products marketed by fluid milk processors voting in the preceding referendum.

(2) Suspension or termination

If the Secretary determines that the suspension or termination is favored—

(A) by at least 50 percent of fluid milk processors voting in the referendum; and

(B) by fluid milk processors voting in the referendum that marketed during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, 40 percent or more of the volume of fluid milk products marketed by fluid milk processors voting in the referendum;

the Secretary shall, within 6 months after making the determination, suspend or terminate, as appropriate, collection of assessments under the order, and suspend or terminate, as appropriate, activities under the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable.

(3) Costs; manner

Subsections (c) and (d) of section 6413 of this title shall apply to a referendum conducted under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1999O, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3925; Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §146(d)(2), (e), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 919; Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1506(c), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 210.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–171 redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c) as (a) and (b), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "Any order effective under this chapter shall be terminated December 31, 2002. The Secretary shall—

"(1) terminate the collection of assessments under the order upon such date; and

"(2) terminate activities under the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable after such date."

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, §146(e), substituted "2002" for "1996" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–127, §146(d)(2)(A), substituted "fluid milk processors voting in the preceding referendum" for "all processors".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–127, §146(d)(2)(B), substituted "fluid milk processors voting in the referendum;" for "all processors;".
7 U.S.C. § 3172 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL FOOD AND HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAM / Section 3172: Duties of Secretary of Agriculture
Duties of Secretary of Agriculture
Status: in_force

In order to carry out the policy of this subchapter, the Secretary shall develop and implement a national food and human nutrition research and extension program that shall include, but not be limited to—

(1) research on human nutritional requirements;

(2) research on the nutrient composition of foods and the effects of agricultural practices, handling, food processing, and cooking on the nutrients they contain;

(3) surveillance of the nutritional benefits provided to participants in the food programs administered by the Department of Agriculture;

(4) research on the factors affecting food preference and habits; and

(5) the development of techniques and equipment to assist consumers in the home or in institutions in selecting food that supplies a nutritionally adequate diet.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1422, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 999.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1981a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1981a: Loan moratorium and policy on foreclosures
Loan moratorium and policy on foreclosures
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In addition to any other authority that the Secretary may have to defer principal and interest and forego foreclosure, the Secretary may permit, at the request of the borrower, the deferral of principal and interest on any outstanding loan made, insured, or held by the Secretary under this chapter, or under the provisions of any other law administered by the Farmers Home Administration or by the Rural Development Administration, and may forego foreclosure of any such loan, for such period as the Secretary deems necessary upon a showing by the borrower that due to circumstances beyond the borrower's control, the borrower is temporarily unable to continue making payments of such principal and interest when due without unduly impairing the standard of living of the borrower. The Secretary may permit interest that accrues during the deferral period on any loan deferred under this section to bear no interest during or after such period: Provided, That if the security instrument securing such loan is foreclosed such interest as is included in the purchase price at such foreclosure shall become part of the principal and draw interest from the date of foreclosure at the rate prescribed by law.

(b) Moratorium

(1) In general

Subject to the other provisions of this subsection, effective beginning on the date of the enactment of this subsection, there shall be in effect a moratorium, with respect to farmer program loans made under subchapter I, II, or III, on all acceleration and foreclosure proceedings instituted by the Department of Agriculture against any farmer or rancher who—

(A) has pending against the Department a claim of program discrimination that is accepted by the Department as valid; or

(B) files a claim of program discrimination that is accepted by the Department as valid.

(2) Waiver of interest and offsets

During the period of the moratorium, the Secretary shall waive the accrual of interest and offsets on all farmer program loans made under subchapter I, II, or III for which loan acceleration or foreclosure proceedings have been suspended under paragraph (1).

(3) Termination of moratorium

The moratorium shall terminate with respect to a claim of discrimination by a farmer or rancher on the earlier of—

(A) the date the Secretary resolves the claim; or

(B) if the farmer or rancher appeals the decision of the Secretary on the claim to a court of competent jurisdiction, the date that the court renders a final decision on the claim.

(4) Failure to prevail

If a farmer or rancher does not prevail on a claim of discrimination described in paragraph (1), the farmer or rancher shall be liable for any interest and offsets that accrued during the period that loan acceleration or foreclosure proceedings have been suspended under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §331A, as added Pub. L. 95–334, title I, §122, Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 427; amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2303(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3981; Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14002(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1442; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14002(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2204.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–341, title III, Aug. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 897.

Pub. L. 102–142, title III, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 902.

Pub. L. 101–506, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1333.

Pub. L. 101–161, title II, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 969.

Pub. L. 100–460, title II, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2246.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(k) [title II], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–322, 1329–340.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(a) [title II], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783, 1783–16, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(a) [title II], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341, 3341–16.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(a) [H.R. 3037, title II], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185; Pub. L. 100–202, §106, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–433.

Pub. L. 97–370, title II, Dec. 18, 1982, 96 Stat. 1800.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §14002(a), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 inserted "or by the Rural Development Administration" after "Farmers Home Administration".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Forbearance and Restructuring for Farm Loans

Pub. L. 100–387, title III, §313(a), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 949, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Agriculture should, with respect to farmers and ranchers who suffer major losses due to drought, hail, excessive moisture, or related condition in 1988—

"(1) exercise forbearance in the collection of interest and principal on direct farmer program loans under the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act [7 U.S.C. 1921 et seq.] outstanding for such farmers and ranchers;

"(2) expedite the use of credit restructuring and other credit relief mechanisms authorized under the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–233, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1568, see Tables for classification] and similar provisions of law for such farmers and ranchers; and

"(3) encourage commercial lenders participating in guaranteed farmer lending programs under the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to exercise forbearance before declaring loans to such farmers and ranchers under such programs in default."
7 U.S.C. § 5801 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter I: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 5801: Purpose and definitions
Purpose and definitions
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter to encourage research designed to increase our knowledge concerning agricultural production systems that—

(1) maintain and enhance the quality and productivity of the soil;

(2) conserve soil, water, energy, natural resources, and fish and wildlife habitat;

(3) maintain and enhance the quality of surface and ground water;

(4) protect the health and safety of persons involved in the food and farm system;

(5) promote the well being of animals; and

(6) increase employment opportunities in agriculture.

(b) Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter:

(1) The term "sustainable agriculture" shall have the same meaning given to that term by section 3103 of this title.

(2) The term "integrated crop management" means an agricultural management system that integrates all controllable agricultural production factors for long-term sustained productivity, profitability, and ecological soundness.

(3) The term "integrated resource management" means livestock management which utilizes an interdisciplinary systems approach which integrates all controllable agricultural production practices to provide long-term sustained productivity and profitable production of safe and wholesome food in an environmentally sound manner.

(4) The term "agribusiness" includes a producer or organization engaged in an agricultural enterprise with a profit motive.

(5) The term "extension" shall have the same meaning given to that term by section 3103 of this title.

(6) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(7) The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or federally recognized Indian tribes.

(8) The term "State agricultural experiment stations" shall have the same meaning given to that term by section 3103 of this title.

(9) The term "nonprofit organization" means an organization, group, institute, or institution that—

(A) has a demonstrated capacity to conduct agricultural research or education programs;

(B) has experience in research, demonstration, education, or extension in sustainable agricultural practices and systems; and

(C) qualifies as a nonprofit organization under section 501(c) of title 26.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1619, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3733; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §407(2), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §860(c)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7101(b)(5), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1213; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7101(b)(5), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1975.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle B (§§1619–1629) of title XVI of Pub. L. 101–624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3733, which enacted this subchapter, repealed sections 4701 to 4710 of this title, and repealed provisions set out as a note under section 4701 of this title. For complete classification of subtitle B to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(b)(5)(A), substituted "section 3103" for "section 3103(17)".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(b)(5)(B), substituted "section 3103" for "section 3103(7)".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(b)(5)(C), substituted "section 3103" for "section 3103(13)".

1996—Subsec. (b)(7) to (10). Pub. L. 104–127 redesignated pars. (8) to (10) as (7) to (9), respectively, and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: "The term 'Advisory Council' means the National Sustainable Agriculture Advisory Council established under section 5812(c) of this title."

1991—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "Mariana Islands" for "Marianas Islands".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–214, §1, Feb. 16, 1976, 90 Stat. 181, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Rice Production Act of 1975'."

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
7 U.S.C. § 1377 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1377: Preservation of unused acreage allotments
Preservation of unused acreage allotments
Status: in_force

In any case in which, during any year beginning with 1956, the acreage planted to a commodity on any farm is less than the acreage allotment for such farm, the entire acreage allotment for such farm (excluding any allotment released from the farm or reapportioned to the farm and any allotment provided for the farm pursuant to subsection (f)(7)(A) of section 1344 of this title) shall, except as provided herein, be considered for the purpose of establishing future State, county and farm acreage allotments, to have been planted to such commodity in such year on such farm, but the 1956 acreage allotment of any commodity shall be regarded as planted under this section only if the owner or operator on such farm notified the county committee prior to the sixtieth day preceding the beginning of the marketing year for such commodity of his desire to preserve such allotment: Provided, That beginning with the 1960 crop, except for federally owned land, the current farm acreage allotment established for a commodity shall not be preserved as history acreage pursuant to the provisions of this section unless for the current year or either of the two preceding years an acreage equal to 75 per centum or more of the farm acreage allotment for such year or, in the case of upland cotton on a farm which qualified for price support on the crop produced in any such year under section 1444(b) of this title, 75 per centum of the farm domestic allotment established under section 1350 of this title for any such year, whichever is smaller was actually planted or devoted to the commodity on the farm (or was regarded as planted under provisions of the Soil Bank Act or the environmental quality incentives program established under subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 [16 U.S.C. 3839aa et seq.]): Provided further, That this section shall not be applicable in any case, within the period 1956 to 1959, in which the amount of the commodity required to be stored to postpone or avoid payment of penalty has been reduced because the allotment was not fully planted. Acreage history credits for released or reapportioned acreage shall be governed by the applicable provisions of this subchapter pertaining to the release and reapportionment of acreage allotments.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §377, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title III, §307, 70 Stat. 206; amended Pub. L. 85–266, Sept. 2, 1957, 71 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 86–172, §1, Aug. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 393; Pub. L. 88–297, title I, §106(4), Apr. 11, 1964, 78 Stat. 177; Pub. L. 95–113, title VIII, §806, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 104–127, title III, §336(b)(2)(A), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1006; Pub. L. 115–334, title II, §2301(d)(2)(B), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4554.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Soil Bank Act, referred to in text, is act May 28, 1956, ch. 327, 70 Stat. 188, which was classified to subchapters I to III of chapter 45 (§1801 et seq.) of this title and was repealed by Pub. L. 89–321, title VI, §601, Nov. 3, 1965, 79 Stat. 1206. For complete classification of this Act to the Code prior to its repeal, see Tables.

The Food Security Act of 1985, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354. Subchapter A of chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Act is classified generally to subpart A (§3839aa et seq.) of part IV of subchapter IV of chapter 58 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 inserted "subchapter A of" before "chapter 4".

1996—Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "environmental quality incentives program established under chapter 4 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985" for "Great Plains program".

1977—Pub. L. 95–113 temporarily inserted "or, in the case of peanuts, an acreage sufficient to produce 75 per centum of the farm poundage quota" after "of the farm acreage allotment for such year". See Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment note below.

1964—Pub. L. 88–297 inserted "or, in the case of upland cotton on a farm which qualified for price support on the crop produced in any such year under section 1444(b) of this title, 75 per centum of the farm domestic allotment established under section 1350 of this title for any such year, whichever is smaller" in first proviso after "75 per centum or more of the farm acreage allotment for such year" to protect the farm base of any farm participating in the domestic allotment choice program if the acreage planted on the farm was at least 75 per centum of the farm domestic allotment.

1959—Pub. L. 86–172 excluded any allotment provided for a farm under section 1344(f)(7)(A) of this title from the entire acreage allotment for the farm which is considered as planted in the year for the purpose of establishing future acreage allotments and provided for the preservation of the current farm acreage allotment as history acreage under prescribed conditions.

1957—Pub. L. 85–266 struck out, for 1957, 1958, and 1959, requirement of filing notice of intention not to plant full acreage allotment and provided that acreage history credits for released or reapportioned acreage shall be governed by the applicable provisions of this subchapter pertaining to the release and reapportionment of acreage allotments.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective and Termination Dates of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title VIII, §806, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 947, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective for the 1978 through 1981 crops of peanuts.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 1984 and subsequent crops of extra long staple cotton, see section 3 of Pub. L. 98–88, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of upland cotton, see section 9092(a)(2) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of upland cotton, see section 8782(a)(2) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of upland cotton, see section 7992(a)(2) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of upland cotton, see section 7301(a)(1)(G) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of upland cotton, see section 502 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1986 through 1990 crops of upland cotton, see section 502 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1982 through 1985 crops of upland cotton, see section 501 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of rice, see section 703 of Pub. L. 95–113.

Section inapplicable to 1978 through 1981 crops of upland cotton, see section 601 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1342 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–214, title III, §301, Feb. 16, 1976, 90 Stat. 187, provided that: "Section 377 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 [this section] shall not be applicable to the 1976 and 1977 crops of rice."

Pub. L. 91–524, title VI, §601(1), Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1371, as amended by Pub. L. 93–86, §1(19)(A), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 233, provided that this section is inapplicable to 1971 through 1977 crops of upland cotton.
7 U.S.C. § 6951 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter IV: FOOD, NUTRITION, AND CONSUMER SERVICES / Section 6951: Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services
Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization

The Secretary is authorized to establish in the Department the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services.

(b) Confirmation required

If the Secretary establishes the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services authorized under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(c) Functions of Under Secretary

(1) Principal functions

Upon establishment, the Secretary shall delegate to the Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services those functions under the jurisdiction of the Department that are related to food, nutrition, and consumer services (except as provided in section 6981(b)(1) of this title).

(2) Additional functions

The Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services shall perform such other functions as may be required by law or prescribed by the Secretary.

(d) Succession

Any official who is serving as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Food and Consumer Services on October 13, 1994, and who was appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall not be required to be reappointed under subsection (b) to the successor position authorized under subsection (a) if the Secretary establishes the position, and the official occupies the new position, within 180 days after October 13, 1994 (or such later date set by the Secretary if litigation delays rapid succession).

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §241, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3222.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of section 241 of Pub. L. 103–354. Subsec. (e) of section 241 of Pub. L. 103–354 amended section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
7 U.S.C. § 4316 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4316: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary may issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1717, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1357.)
7 U.S.C. § 450a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 450a: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 450a was editorially reclassified as section 3318a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2260 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2260: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title X, §10418(a)(3), (4), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title X, §10418(a)(3), (4), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507
Status: repealed

Section 2260, act Aug. 28, 1950, ch. 815, 64 Stat. 561, related to inspection or quarantine services involving overtime furnished upon a reimbursable basis.

Section 2260a, Pub. L. 104–127, title IX, §919, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1191, related to reimbursable agreements.
7 U.S.C. § 1582 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter III: FOREIGN COMMERCE / Section 1582: Procedure relating to importations; disposal of refuse; exceptions
Procedure relating to importations; disposal of refuse; exceptions
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of the Treasury shall deliver to the Secretary of Agriculture, subject to joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title, samples of seed and screenings which are being imported into the United States, or offered for import, giving notice thereof to the owner or consignee, and if it appears from the examination of such samples that any seed or screenings offered to be imported into the United States are subject to the provisions of this subchapter and do not comply with the provisions of this subchapter, or if the labeling of such seed is false or misleading in any respect, such seed or screenings shall be refused admission, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall refuse delivery to the owner or consignee, who may appear, however, before the Secretary of Agriculture and show cause why the seed or screenings should be admitted. Seed or screenings refused admission and not exported by the owner or consignee within twelve months from the date of notice of such refusal shall be destroyed in accordance with joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury may authorize the delivery of seed or screenings which are being imported or offered for import to the owner or consignee thereof, pending decision as to the admission of such seed or screenings and for cleaning, labeling, or other reconditioning if required to bring such seed or screenings into compliance with the provisions of this chapter, upon the execution by such owner or consignee of a good and sufficient bond conditioned upon redelivery of the seed or screenings upon demand unless redelivery is waived because the seed is reconditioned to bring it into compliance with this chapter or is destroyed under Government supervision under this chapter, and providing for the payment of such liquidated damages in the event of default as may be required pursuant to regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury: And provided further, That all expenses incurred by the United States (including travel, per diem or subsistence, and salaries of officers or employees of the United States) in connection with the supervision of cleaning, labeling, other reconditioning, or destruction, of seed or screenings under this subchapter shall be reimbursed to the United States by the owner or consignee of the seed or screenings, and such reimbursements shall be recredited to the appropriation from which the expenses were paid, the amount of such expenses to be determined in accordance with joint regulations under section 1592 of this title, and all expenses in connection with the storage, cartage, and labor on the seed or screenings which are refused admission or delivery, shall be paid by the owner or consignee, and in default of such payment shall constitute a lien against future importations made by such owner or consignee.

(b) The refuse from any seeds or screenings which are allowed to be cleaned under bond shall be destroyed in accordance with joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title.

(c) The provisions of this subchapter shall not apply—

(1) when seed is shipped in bond through the United States, or

(2) when the Secretary of Agriculture finds that a substantial proportion of the importations of any kind of seed is used for other than seeding purposes, and he provides by rules and regulations that seed of such kind not imported for seeding purposes shall be exempted from the provisions of the chapter: Provided, That importations of such kinds of seed shall be accompanied by a declaration setting forth the use for which imported when and as required under joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title.

(d) The provisions of this subchapter prohibiting the importation of seed shall not apply—

(1) when seed grown in the United States is returned from a foreign country without having been admitted into the commerce of any foreign country: Provided, That there is satisfactory proof as provided for in the joint rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title, that the seed was grown in the United States and was not admitted into the commerce of a foreign country and was not commingled with other seed, or

(2) when seed is imported for sowing for experimental or breeding purposes and not for sale: Provided, That declarations are filed, and importations are limited in quantity, as provided for in the rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title, to assure that the importations are for experimental or breeding purposes.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title III, §302, 53 Stat. 1283; Pub. L. 85–581, §§13, 14, Aug. 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 478, 479; Pub. L. 89–686, §§15–17, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 97–439, §5(b)(2), (3), Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 100–449, title III, §301(e), Sept. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 103–182, title III, §361(a), Dec. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 2122; Pub. L. 103–465, title IV, §441(2), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4973.)

Amendment of Section

For termination of amendment by section 501(c) of Pub. L. 100–449, see Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note below.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–465, §441(2)(A), struck out "staining," before "cleaning, labeling," in two places.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–465, §441(2)(B), struck out subsec. (e) which read as follows: "The provisions of this subchapter requiring certain seeds to be stained shall not apply—

"(1) to alfalfa or clover seed originating in Canada or Mexico, or

"(2) when seeds otherwise required to be stained will not be sold within the United States and will be used for seed production only by or for the importer or consignee and the importer of record or consignee files a statement in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title certifying that such seeds will be used only for seed production by or for the importer or consignee."

1993—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103–182 inserted "or Mexico" after "Canada".

1988—Pub. L. 100–449 temporarily amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "The provisions of this subchapter requiring certain seeds to be stained shall not apply when such seed will not be sold within the United States and will be used for seed production only by or for the importer or consignee: Provided, That the importer of record or consignee files a statement in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title certifying that such seed will be used only for seed production by or for the importer or consignee." See Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note below.

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–439, §5(b)(2), struck out provision that Secretary may apply statistical sampling and inspection techniques to samples and screenings to determine whether pure-live seed requirement of any kind of seed was being met, in event of which he was to advise importer of each lot of seed not examined for pure-live seed percentage.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–439, §5(b)(3)(A), struck out "that is adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes" after "importation of seed" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 97–439, §5(b)(3)(B), struck out cl. (3) which described the situation when seed not meeting the pure-live seed requirements of section 1584 of this title would not be sold within the United States and would be used for seed production only by or for the importer or consignee, providing that the importer of record or consignee filed a statement in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title certifying that such seed would be used only for seed production by or for the importer or consignee.

1966—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–686, §15, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to apply statistical sampling and inspection techniques to samples and screenings to determine whether the pure-live seed requirement of any kind of seed is being met and to advise importer of each lot of seed not examined for pure-live seed percentage.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 89–686, §16, added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–686, §17, added subsec. (e).

1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–851, §13, inserted "owner or" before "consignee" wherever appearing, except in the two provisos, changed first proviso to bring its wording in line with practices generally followed with other commodities illegally placed into consumption, and provided in second proviso for reimbursement of all costs to the Federal Government incident to supervision required under this chapter.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 85–581, §14, added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–465 effective on the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to the United States (Jan. 1, 1995), except as otherwise provided, see section 451 of Pub. L. 103–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–449 effective on the date the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement enters into force (Jan. 1, 1989), and to cease to have effect on the date the Agreement ceases to be in force, see section 501(a), (c), of Pub. L. 100–449, set out in a note under section 2112 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this subchapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
7 U.S.C. § 2138 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2138: Purchase of dogs or cats by United States Government facilities prohibited except from authorized operators of auction sales and licensed dealers or exhibitors
Purchase of dogs or cats by United States Government facilities prohibited except from authorized operators of auction sales and licensed dealers or exhibitors
Status: in_force

No department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States which uses animals for research or experimentation or exhibition shall purchase or otherwise acquire any dog or cat for such purposes from any person except an operator of an auction sale subject to section 2142 of this title or a person holding a valid license as a dealer or exhibitor issued by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter unless such person is exempted from obtaining such license under section 2133 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §8, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 91–579, §9, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1562.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–579 inserted reference to instrumentalities of the United States which use animals for exhibition and added operators of auction sales subject to section 2142 of this title and licensed exhibitors to the enumeration of persons from whom United States Government facilities may acquire dogs or cats.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–579 effective one year after Dec. 24, 1970, see section 23 of Pub. L. 91–579, set out as a note under section 2131 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1352 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1352: Repealed. Pub. L. 97-98, title VI, §601, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1242
Repealed. Pub. L. 97-98, title VI, §601, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1242
Status: repealed

Section 1352, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §352, 52 Stat. 60; Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 648, 69 Stat. 576; Feb. 16, 1976, Pub. L. 94–214, title I, §101, 90 Stat. 181; Sept. 29, 1977, Pub. L. 95–113, title VII, §701, 91 Stat. 940, provided for a national acreage allotment and allocation for 1976 through 1981 crops of rice.

Section 1353, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §353, 52 Stat. 61; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §418(a), 63 Stat. 1059; June 16, 1950, ch. 268, §§1, 2, 64 Stat. 232; Apr. 30, 1955, ch. 29, 69 Stat. 45; Apr. 30, 1955, ch. 30, 69 Stat. 45; May 5, 1955, ch. 31, 69 Stat. 45; Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 652, 69 Stat. 578; May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title III, §304, 70 Stat. 205; June 4, 1958, Pub. L. 85–443, §§1, 2(a), (b), 3, 72 Stat. 177; Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–835, title III, §301, 72 Stat. 994; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §378(d), as added Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–835, title V, §501, 72 Stat. 996; Mar. 6, 1962, Pub. L. 87–412, 76 Stat. 20; Jan. 28, 1964, Pub. L. 88–261, 78 Stat. 6; Nov. 3, 1965, Pub. L. 89–321, title VIII, §801, 79 Stat. 1212; Oct. 11, 1968, Pub. L. 90–559, §1(8), 82 Stat. 996; Apr. 27, 1973, Pub. L. 93–27, 87 Stat. 27, related to allocation of national acreage allotment.

Section 1354, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §354, 52 Stat. 61; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §418(a), 63 Stat. 1059; Apr. 4, 1960, Pub. L. 86–408, 74 Stat. 15, related to proclamation of marketing quotas and referendum by farmers on such quotas.

Section 1355, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §355, 52 Stat. 62; July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §206, 62 Stat. 1256; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §§415(e), 418(a), 63 Stat. 1058, 1059, related to amount of farm marketing quota.

Section 1356, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §356, 52 Stat. 62; Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §418(a), 63 Stat. 1059; June 4, 1958, Pub. L. 85–443, §4, 72 Stat. 178; Dec. 14, 1967, Pub. L. 90–191, 81 Stat. 578, related to penalties for farm marketing excess when farm marketing quotas are in effect and to avoidance or postponement of penalties by storage or other disposition.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 97–98, title VI, §601, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1242, provided that the repeal of sections 1352 to 1356 of this title is effective beginning with the 1982 crop of rice.
7 U.S.C. § 1635m (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter II: LIVESTOCK MANDATORY REPORTING / Section 1635m: Mandatory reporting for lambs
Mandatory reporting for lambs
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary may establish a program of mandatory lamb price information reporting that will—

(1) provide timely, accurate, and reliable market information;

(2) facilitate more informed marketing decisions; and

(3) promote competition in the lamb slaughtering industry.

(b) Notice and comment

If the Secretary establishes a mandatory price reporting program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for comment on proposed regulations to establish the program during the 30-day period beginning on the date of the publication of the proposed regulations.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §241, as added Pub. L. 106–78, title IX, §911(2), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1200.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Lamb Reporting

Pub. L. 114–54, title I, §103, Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 514, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2015], the Secretary of Agriculture shall revise section 59.300 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations, so that—

"(1) the definition of the term 'importer'—

"(A) includes only those importers that imported an average of 1,000 metric tons of lamb meat products per year during the immediately preceding 4 calendar years; and

"(B) may include any person that does not meet the requirement referred to in subparagraph (A), if the Secretary determines that the person should be considered an importer based on their volume of lamb imports; and

"(2) the definition of the term 'packer'—

"(A) applies to any entity with 50 percent or more ownership in a facility;

"(B) includes a federally inspected lamb processing plant which slaughtered or processed the equivalent of an average of 35,000 head of lambs per year during the immediately preceding 5 calendar years; and

"(C) may include any other lamb processing plant that does not meet the requirement referred to in subparagraph (B), if the Secretary determines that the processing plant should be considered a packer after considering the capacity of the processing plant."
7 U.S.C. § 6101 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 90: MUSHROOM PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6101: Findings and declaration of policy
Findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) mushrooms are an important food that is a valuable part of the human diet;

(2) the production of mushrooms plays a significant role in the Nation's economy in that mushrooms are produced by hundreds of mushroom producers, distributed through thousands of wholesale and retail outlets, and consumed by millions of people throughout the United States and foreign countries;

(3) mushroom production benefits the environment by efficiently using agricultural byproducts;

(4) mushrooms must be high quality, readily available, handled properly, and marketed efficiently to ensure that the benefits of this important product are available to the people of the United States;

(5) the maintenance and expansion of existing markets and uses, and the development of new markets and uses, for mushrooms are vital to the welfare of producers and those concerned with marketing and using mushrooms, as well as to the agricultural economy of the Nation;

(6) the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated program of mushroom promotion, research, and consumer information are necessary to maintain and expand existing markets for mushrooms; and

(7) mushrooms move in interstate and foreign commerce, and mushrooms that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce in mushrooms.

(b) Policy

It is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing through adequate assessments on mushrooms produced domestically or imported into the United States, and carrying out, an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of promotion, research, and consumer and industry information designed to—

(1) strengthen the mushroom industry's position in the marketplace;

(2) maintain and expand existing markets and uses for mushrooms; and

(3) develop new markets and uses for mushrooms.

(c) Construction

Nothing in this chapter may be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of individual producers to produce mushrooms.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1922, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3855.)

Editorial Notes

Constitutionality

For information regarding the constitutionality of subtitle B of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, which enacted this chapter (sections 6101 et seq.), see the Table of Laws Held Unconstitutional in Whole or in Part by the Supreme Court on the Constitution Annotated website, constitution.congress.gov.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1921, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3854, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§1921–1933) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Mushroom Promotion, Research, and Consumer Information Act of 1990'."
7 U.S.C. § 450i (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 450i: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 450i was editorially reclassified as section 3157 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1523 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1523: Pilot programs
Pilot programs
Status: in_force

(a) General provisions

(1) Authority

Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Corporation may, at the sole discretion of the Corporation, conduct a pilot program submitted to and approved by the Board under section 1508(h) of this title, or that is developed under subsection (b) or section 1522 of this title, to evaluate whether a proposal or new risk management tool tested by the pilot program is suitable for the marketplace and addresses the needs of producers of agricultural commodities.

(2) Private coverage

Under this section, the Corporation shall not conduct any pilot program that provides insurance protection against a risk if insurance protection against the risk is generally available from private companies.

(3) Covered activities

The pilot programs described in paragraph (1) may include pilot programs providing insurance protection against losses involving—

(A) reduced forage on rangeland caused by drought or insect infestation;

(B) livestock poisoning and disease;

(C) destruction of bees due to the use of pesticides;

(D) unique special risks related to fruits, nuts, vegetables, and specialty crops in general, aquacultural species, and forest industry needs (including appreciation);

(E) after October 1, 2001, wild salmon, except that—

(i) any pilot program with regard to wild salmon may be carried out without regard to the limitations of this subchapter; and

(ii) the Corporation shall conduct all wild salmon programs under this subchapter so that, to the maximum extent practicable, all costs associated with conducting the programs are not expected to exceed $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 and each subsequent fiscal year.

(4) Scope of pilot programs

The Corporation may—

(A) approve a pilot program under this section to be conducted on a regional, State, or national basis after considering the interests of affected producers and the interests of, and risks to, the Corporation;

(B) operate the pilot program, including any modifications of the pilot program, for a period of up to 4 years;

(C) extend the time period for the pilot program for additional periods, as determined appropriate by the Corporation; and

(D) provide pilot programs that would allow producers—

(i) to receive a reduced premium for using whole farm units or single crop units of insurance; and

(ii) to cross State and county boundaries to form insurable units.

(b) Livestock pilot programs

(1) Definition of livestock

In this subsection, the term "livestock" includes, but is not limited to, cattle, sheep, swine, goats, and poultry.

(2) Programs required

Subject to paragraph (7), the Corporation shall conduct two or more pilot programs to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management tools for livestock producers, including the use of futures and options contracts and policies and plans of insurance that protect the interests of livestock producers and that provide—

(A) livestock producers with reasonable protection from the financial risks of price or income fluctuations inherent in the production and marketing of livestock; or

(B) protection for production losses.

(3) Purpose of programs

To the maximum extent practicable, the Corporation shall evaluate the greatest number and variety of pilot programs described in paragraph (2) to determine which of the offered risk management tools are best suited to protect livestock producers from the financial risks associated with the production and marketing of livestock.

(4) Timing

The Corporation shall begin conducting livestock pilot programs under this subsection during fiscal year 2001.

(5) Relation to other limitations

Any policy or plan of insurance offered under this subsection may be prepared without regard to the limitations of this subchapter.

(6) Assistance

As part of a pilot program under this subsection, the Corporation may provide reinsurance for policies or plans of insurance and subsidize the purchase of futures and options contracts or policies and plans of insurance offered under the pilot program.

(7) Private insurance

No action may be undertaken with respect to a risk under this subsection if the Corporation determines that insurance protection for livestock producers against the risk is generally available from private companies.

(8) Location

The Corporation shall conduct the livestock pilot programs under this subsection in a number of counties that is determined by the Corporation to be adequate to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility, effectiveness, and demand among producers for the risk management tools evaluated in the pilot programs.

(9) Eligible producers

Any producer of a type of livestock covered by a pilot program under this subsection that owns or operates a farm or ranch in a county selected as a location for that pilot program shall be eligible to participate in that pilot program.

(c) Revenue insurance pilot program

(1) In general

Subject to section 1522(e)(4) of this title,1 the Secretary shall carry out a pilot program in a limited number of counties, as determined by the Secretary, for crop years 1997 through 2001, under which a producer of wheat, feed grains, soybeans, or such other commodity as the Secretary considers appropriate may elect to receive insurance against loss of revenue, as determined by the Secretary.

(2) Administration

Revenue insurance under this subsection shall—

(A) be offered through reinsurance arrangements with private insurance companies;

(B) offer at least a minimum level of coverage that is an alternative to catastrophic crop insurance;

(C) be actuarially sound; and

(D) require the payment of premiums and administrative fees by an insured producer.

(d) Premium rate reduction pilot program

(1) Purpose

The purpose of the pilot program established under this subsection is to determine whether approved insurance providers will compete to market policies or plans of insurance with reduced rates of premium, in a manner that maintains the financial soundness of approved insurance providers and is consistent with the integrity of the Federal crop insurance program.

(2) Establishment

(A) In general

Beginning with the 2002 crop year, the Corporation shall establish a pilot program under which approved insurance providers may propose for approval by the Board policies or plans of insurance with reduced rates of premium—

(i) for one or more agricultural commodities; and

(ii) within a limited geographic area, as proposed by the approved insurance provider and approved by the Board.

(B) Determination by Board

The Board shall approve a policy or plan of insurance proposed under this subsection that involves a premium reduction if the Board determines that—

(i) the interests of producers are adequately protected within the pilot area;

(ii) rates of premium are actuarially appropriate, as determined by the Board;

(iii) the size of the proposed pilot area is adequate;

(iv) the proposed policy or plan of insurance would not unfairly discriminate among producers within the proposed pilot area;

(v) if the proposed policy or plan of insurance were available in a geographic area larger than the proposed pilot area, the proposed policy or plan of insurance would—

(I) not have a significant adverse impact on the crop insurance delivery system;

(II) not result in a reduction of program integrity;

(III) be actuarially appropriate; and

(IV) not place an additional financial burden on the Federal Government; and

(vi) the proposed policy or plan of insurance meets other requirements of this subchapter determined appropriate by the Board.

(C) Time limitations and procedures

The time limitations and procedures of the Board established under section 1508(h) of this title shall apply to a proposal submitted under this subsection.

(e) Adjusted gross revenue insurance pilot program

(1) In general

The Corporation shall carry out, through at least the 2004 reinsurance year, the adjusted gross revenue insurance pilot program in effect for the 2002 reinsurance year.

(2) Additional counties

(A) In general

In addition to counties otherwise included in the pilot program, the Corporation shall include in the pilot program for the 2003 reinsurance year at least 8 counties in the State of California and at least 8 counties in the State of Pennsylvania.

(B) Selection criteria

In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall work with the respective State Departments of Agriculture to establish criteria to determine which counties to include in the pilot program.

(f) Camelina pilot program

(1) In general

The Corporation shall establish a pilot program under which producers or processors of camelina may propose for approval by the Board policies or plans of insurance for camelina, in accordance with section 1508(h) of this title.

(2) Determination by Board

The Board shall approve a policy or plan of insurance proposed under paragraph (1) if, as determined by the Board, the policy or plan of insurance—

(A) protects the interests of producers;

(B) is actuarially sound; and

(C) meets the requirements of this subchapter.

(3) Timeframe

The Corporation shall commence the camelina insurance pilot program as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this subsection.

(g) Sesame insurance pilot program

(1) In general

In addition to any other authority of the Corporation, the Corporation shall establish and carry out a pilot program under which a producer of nondehiscent sesame under contract may elect to obtain multiperil crop insurance, as determined by the Corporation.

(2) Terms and conditions

The multiperil crop insurance offered under the sesame insurance pilot program shall—

(A) be offered through reinsurance arrangements with private insurance companies;

(B) be actuarially sound; and

(C) require the payment of premiums and administrative fees by a producer obtaining the insurance.

(3) Location

The sesame insurance pilot program shall be carried out only in the State of Texas.

(4) Duration

The Corporation shall commence the sesame insurance pilot program as soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this subsection.

(h) Grass seed insurance pilot program

(1) In general

In addition to any other authority of the Corporation, the Corporation shall establish and carry out a grass seed pilot program under which a producer of Kentucky bluegrass or perennial rye grass under contract may elect to obtain multiperil crop insurance, as determined by the Corporation.

(2) Terms and conditions

The multiperil crop insurance offered under the grass seed insurance pilot program shall—

(A) be offered through reinsurance arrangements with private insurance companies;

(B) be actuarially sound; and

(C) require the payment of premiums and administrative fees by a producer obtaining the insurance.

(3) Location

The grass seed insurance pilot program shall be carried out only in each of the States of Minnesota and North Dakota.

(4) Duration

The Corporation shall commence the grass seed insurance pilot program as soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this subsection.

(i) Underserved crops and regions pilot programs

(1) Definition of livestock commodity

In this subsection, the term "livestock commodity" includes cattle, sheep, swine, goats, and poultry, including pasture, rangeland, and forage as a source of feed for that livestock.

(2) Authorization

Notwithstanding subsection (a)(2), the Corporation may conduct 2 or more pilot programs to provide producers of underserved specialty crops and livestock commodities with index-based weather insurance, subject to the requirements of this section.

(3) Review and approval of submissions

(A) In general

The Board shall approve 2 or more proposed policies or plans of insurance from approved insurance providers if the Board determines that the policies or plans provide coverage as specified in paragraph (2), and meet the conditions described in this paragraph.

(B) Requirements

To be eligible for approval under this subsection, the approved insurance provider shall have—

(i) adequate experience underwriting and administering policies or plans of insurance that are comparable to the proposed policy or plan of insurance;

(ii) sufficient assets or reinsurance to satisfy the underwriting obligations of the approved insurance provider, and possess a sufficient insurance credit rating from an appropriate credit rating bureau, in accordance with Board procedures; and

(iii) applicable authority and approval from each State in which the approved insurance provider intends to sell the insurance product.

(C) Review requirements

In reviewing applications under this subsection, the Board shall conduct the review in a manner consistent with the standards, rules, and procedures for policies or plans of insurance submitted under section 1508(h) of this title and the actuarial soundness requirements applied to other policies and plans of insurance made available under this subchapter.

(D) Prioritization

The Board shall prioritize applications that provide a new kind of coverage for specialty crops and livestock commodities that previously had no available crop insurance, or has demonstrated a low level of participation under existing coverage.

(4) Payment of premium support

(A) In general

The Corporation shall pay a portion of the premium for producers that purchase a policy or plan of insurance approved pursuant to this subsection.

(B) Amount

The premium subsidy shall provide a similar dollar amount of premium subsidy per acre that the Corporation pays for comparable policies or plans of insurance reinsured under this subchapter, except that in no case shall the premium subsidy exceed 60 percent of total premium, as determined by the Corporation.

(C) Calculation

The premium subsidy, as determined by the Corporation, shall be calculated as—

(i) a percentage of premium;

(ii) a percentage of expected loss determined pursuant to a reasonable actuarial methodology; or

(iii) a fixed dollar amount per acre.

(D) Payment

Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the premium subsidy under this subsection shall be paid by the Corporation in the same manner and under the same terms and conditions as premium subsidy for other policies and plans of insurance.

(E) Operating and administrative expense payments

(i) In general

Subject to clause (ii), operating and administrative expense payments may be made for policies and plans of insurance approved under this subsection in an amount that is commensurate with similar policies and plans of insurance reinsured under this subchapter, on the condition that the operating and administrative expenses are not included in premiums.

(ii) Limitation

Subject to subparagraph (F)(i), Federal reinsurance, research and development costs, other reimbursements, or maintenance fees shall not be provided or collected for policies and plans of insurance approved under this subsection.

(F) Approved insurance providers

Any policy or plan of insurance approved under this subsection may be sold only by the approved insurance provider that submits the application and by any additional approved insurance provider that—

(i) agrees to pay maintenance fees or other payments to the approved insurance provider that submitted the application in an amount agreed to by the applicant and the additional approved insurance provider, on the condition that the fees or payments shall be reasonable and appropriate to ensure that the policies or plans of insurance may be made available by additional approved insurance providers; and

(ii) meets the eligibility criteria of paragraph (3)(B), as determined by the Board.

(G) Relationship to other provisions

The requirements of this paragraph shall apply notwithstanding paragraph (6).

(5) Oversight

The Corporation shall develop and publish procedures to administer policies or plans of insurance approved under this subsection that—

(A) require each approved insurance provider to report sales, acreage and claim data, and any other data that the Corporation determines to be appropriate, to allow the Corporation to evaluate sales and performance of the product; and

(B) contain such other requirements as the Corporation determines necessary to ensure that the products—

(i) do not have a significant adverse impact on the crop insurance delivery system;

(ii) are in the best interests of producers; and

(iii) do not result in a reduction of program integrity.

(6) Confidentiality

(A) In general

All reports required under paragraph (5) and all other proprietary information and data generated or derived from applicants under this subsection shall be considered to be confidential commercial or financial information for the purposes of section 552(b)(4) of title 5.

(B) Standard

If information concerning a proposal could be withheld by the Secretary under the standard for privileged or confidential information pertaining to trade secrets and commercial or financial information under section 552(b)(4) of title 5, the information shall not be released to the public.

(7) Ineligible purposes

In no case shall a policy or plan of insurance made available under this subsection provide coverage substantially similar to privately available hail insurance.

(8) Funding

(A) Limitation on expenditures

Notwithstanding any other provision in this subsection, of the funds of the Corporation, the Corporation shall use to carry out this section not more than $12,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2018, to remain available until expended.

(B) Relation to other programs

The amount of funds made available under this section shall be in addition to amounts made available under other provisions of this subchapter, including amounts made available under subsection (b).

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §523, as added Pub. L. 106–224, title I, §132(a), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 383; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10004, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 487; Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, §§12025(a), 12033(c)(2)(B), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1389, 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XII, §§12025(a), 12033(c)(2)(B), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2151, 2167; Pub. L. 113–79, title XI, §§11025, 11026, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 115–123, div. F, §60101(c)(1), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 312; Pub. L. 115–334, title XI, §11124, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4935.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1522(e)(4) of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 113–79, title XI, §11022(b)(3), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 973.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsecs. (f)(3), (g)(4), and (h)(4), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 115–123 struck out par. (10) which related to limitation on expenditures.

Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–334 inserted period at end.

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §11025(1), inserted ", at the sole discretion of the Corporation," after "the Corporation may".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 113–79, §11025(2), struck out par. (5) which related to evaluation of the pilot program.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 113–79, §11026, added subsec. (i).

2008—Subsecs. (a), (b), (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §12033(c)(2)(B), substituted "this subchapter" for "this chapter" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–246, §12033(c)(2)(B), substituted "this subchapter" for "this chapter".

Pub. L. 110–246, §12025(a), added subsec. (f).

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 110–246, §12025(a), added subsecs. (g) and (h).

2002—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2000, see section 171(b)(1)(A) of Pub. L. 106–224, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendment note under section 1501 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 7212 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter II: PRODUCTION FLEXIBILITY CONTRACTS / Section 7212: Elements of contracts
Elements of contracts
Status: in_force

(a) Time for contracting

(1) Commencement

To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall commence entering into contracts not later than 45 days after April 4, 1996.

(2) Deadline

Except as provided in paragraph (3), the Secretary may not enter into a contract after August 1, 1996.

(3) Conservation reserve lands

(A) In general

At the beginning of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allow an eligible owner or producer on a farm covered by a conservation reserve contract entered into under section 3831 of title 16 that terminates after the date specified in paragraph (2) to enter into or expand a production flexibility contract to cover the contract acreage of the farm that was subject to the former conservation reserve contract.

(B) Amount

Contract payments made for contract acreage under this paragraph shall be made at the rate and amount applicable to the annual contract payment level for the applicable crop. For the fiscal year in which the conservation reserve contract is terminated, the owner or producer subject to the production flexibility contract may elect to receive either contract payments or a prorated payment under the conservation reserve contract, but not both.

(b) Duration of contract

(1) Beginning date

The term of a contract shall begin with—

(A) the 1996 crop of a contract commodity; or

(B) in the case of acreage that was subject to a conservation reserve contract described in subsection (a)(3), the date the production flexibility contract was entered into or expanded to cover the acreage.

(2) Ending date

The term of a contract shall extend through the 2002 crop, unless earlier terminated by the owner or producer.

(c) Estimation of contract payments

At the time the Secretary enters into a contract, the Secretary shall provide an estimate of the minimum contract payments anticipated to be made during at least the first fiscal year for which contract payments will be made.

(d) Time for payment

(1) In general

An annual contract payment shall be made not later than September 30 of each of fiscal years 1996 through 2002.

(2) Advance payments

(A) Fiscal year 1996

At the option of the owner or producer, 50 percent of the contract payment for fiscal year 1996 shall be made not later than 30 days after the date on which the contract is entered into and approved by the Secretary and the owner or producer.

(B) Subsequent fiscal years

At the option of the owner or producer for fiscal year 1997 and each subsequent fiscal year, 50 percent of the annual contract payment shall be made on December 15 or January 15 of the fiscal year. The owner or producer may change the date selected under this subparagraph for a subsequent fiscal year by providing advance notice to the Secretary.

(3) Special rule

Notwithstanding the requirements for making an annual contract payment specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), at the option of the owner or producer, the Secretary shall pay the full amount (or such portion as the owner or producer may specify) of the contract payment required to be paid for any of fiscal years 1999 through 2002 at such time or times during that fiscal year as the owner or producer may specify.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §112, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 899; Pub. L. 105–228, §2, Aug. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1516; Pub. L. 106–78, title VIII, §811, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1181.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 106–78, in par. heading, struck out "for fiscal year 1999" after "rule" and, in text, substituted "any of fiscal years 1999 through 2002" for "fiscal year 1999".

1998—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–228 added par. (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Production Flexibility Contract Payments

Pub. L. 106–170, title V, §525, Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1928, as amended by Pub. L. 107–147, title IV, §417(24)(A), Mar. 9, 2002, 116 Stat. 57, provided that: "Any option to accelerate the receipt of any payment under a production flexibility contract which is payable under the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7201 et seq.), as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 1999], shall be disregarded in determining the taxable year for which such payment is properly includible in gross income for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.]."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title II, §2012, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–902, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The options under paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 112(d) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7212(d)(2) and (3)), as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], shall be disregarded in determining the taxable year for which any payment under a production flexibility contract under subtitle B of title I of such Act [7 U.S.C. 7211 et seq.] (as so in effect) is properly includible in gross income for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.].

"(b) Effective Date.—Subsection (a) shall apply to taxable years ending after December 31, 1995."
7 U.S.C. § 2669 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 59: RURAL FIRE PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Subchapter II: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 2669: Pilot projects for production and marketing of industrial hydrocarbons and alcohols from agricultural commodities and forest products
Pilot projects for production and marketing of industrial hydrocarbons and alcohols from agricultural commodities and forest products
Status: in_force

(a) Formulation and execution of program

The Secretary is authorized and directed to formulate and carry out a pilot program for the production and marketing of industrial hydrocarbons derived from agricultural commodities and forest products for the purpose of stabilizing and expanding the market for such commodities and products and expanding the Nation's supply of industrial hydrocarbons.

(b) Loan guarantees

The Secretary shall provide for four pilot projects for the production of industrial hydrocarbons and alcohols from agricultural commodities and forest products by guaranteeing loans, not to exceed $15,000,000 per each such project, to public, private, or cooperative organizations organized for profit or nonprofit, or to individuals for a term not to exceed twenty years at a rate of interest agreed upon by the borrower and lender.

(c) Conditions

No loan may be guaranteed under this section unless (1) research indicates the total energy content of the products and byproducts to be manufactured by the loan applicant will exceed the total energy input from fossil fuels used in the manufacture of such products and byproducts, and (2) such other conditions as the Secretary deems appropriate to achieve the purposes of this section are met.

(d) Long-term contracts to supply agricultural commodities to loan recipients

In order to assure that the recipients of loans made under this section have a dependable supply of agricultural commodities at a stable price for use in the pilot projects provided for in this section, the Secretary is authorized to enter into long-term contracts, not exceeding five years, with the recipients of such loans. Such contracts shall guarantee the recipients of such loans a specified quantity of agricultural commodities annually at mutually agreed upon prices, but the agricultural commodities shall not be sold under any such contracts at less than the price support level prescribed for the commodity concerned unless the commodities are out of condition, unstorable, or sample-grade or lower, as prescribed in Department of Agriculture standards.

(e) Commodity Credit Corporation stocks as supply sources; outside purchases

The Secretary shall supply from Commodity Credit Corporation stocks or, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts, purchase such quantities of agricultural commodities as may be necessary to comply with the terms of agreements entered into under this section.

(f) Commodity Credit Corporation

The provisions of this section shall be carried out through the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §508, formerly §509, as added Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1420, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 998; renumbered Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(b), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1326.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1379j (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1379j: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this part including but not limited to regulations governing the acquisition, disposition, or handling of marketing certificates.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §379j, as added Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §324(2), Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 630.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This part, referred to in text, commences with section 1379a of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(3) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(3) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(3) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(H) of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period June 1, 1991, through May 31, 1996, see section 302 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period June 1, 1986, through May 31, 1991, see section 309 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period June 1, 1982, through May 31, 1986, see section 302 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processors or exporters during period July 1, 1973, through May 31, 1982, see section 403 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.

Section inapplicable to wheat processed or exported during period July 1, 1973, through June 30, 1978, see section 403(b) of Pub. L. 91–524, as added by section 1(10) of Pub. L. 93–86, set out as a note under section 1379d of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6013 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 89: PECAN PROMOTION AND RESEARCH / Section 6013: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as are necessary to carry out this chapter.

(b) Administrative expenses

Funds appropriated to carry out this chapter shall not be available for payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in administering any provision of any plan issued under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1918, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3854.)
7 U.S.C. § 2151 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2151: Rules and regulations
Rules and regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized to promulgate such rules, regulations, and orders as he may deem necessary in order to effectuate the purposes of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §21, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 353.)
7 U.S.C. § 6009 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 89: PECAN PROMOTION AND RESEARCH / Section 6009: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) Jurisdiction

The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain a person from violating, this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b) Referral to Attorney General

A civil action to be brought under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action, except that the Secretary is not required to refer to the Attorney General a violation of this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter if the Secretary believes that the administration and enforcement of this chapter would be adequately served by administrative action under subsection (c) or by providing a suitable written notice or warning to any person committing the violation.

(c) Civil penalties and orders

(1) Civil penalties

(A) In general

A person who willfully violates any provision of this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter, or who fails to pay, collect, or remit any assessment or fee required of the person under this chapter or any plan or regulation issued under this chapter, may be assessed by the Secretary a civil penalty of not less than $1,000 nor more than $10,000 for each such violation.

(B) Separate offense

Each violation described in subparagraph (A) shall be a separate offense.

(2) Cease and desist orders

In addition to or in lieu of such civil penalty, the Secretary may issue an order requiring such person to cease and desist from continuing such violation.

(3) Notice and hearing

No penalty shall be assessed or cease and desist order issued by the Secretary under this subsection unless the Secretary gives the person against whom the order is issued notice and opportunity for a hearing on the record with respect to such violation.

(4) Finality

The order of the Secretary assessing a penalty or imposing a cease and desist order shall be final and conclusive unless the person against whom the order is issued files an appeal from the Secretary's order in accordance with subsection (d).

(d) Review by district court

(1) Commencement of action

A person against whom a civil penalty is assessed or a cease and desist order is issued under subsection (c) may obtain review of such penalty or order in the district court of the United States for the district in which such person resides or does business, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, by—

(A) filing, within the 30-day period beginning on the date such penalty is assessed or order issued, a notice of appeal in such court; and

(B) simultaneously sending a copy of the notice by certified mail to the Secretary.

(2) Record

The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record on which the Secretary found that the person had committed a violation.

(3) Standard of review

A finding of the Secretary shall be set aside only if the finding is found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.

(e) Failure to obey orders

Any person who fails to obey a cease and desist order after the order has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, shall be subject to a civil penalty assessed by the Secretary, after opportunity for a hearing on the record and for judicial review under the procedures specified in subsections (c) and (d), of not more than $1,000 for each offense. Each day during which the failure continues shall be considered a separate violation of such order.

(f) Failure to pay penalty

If a person fails to pay a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order issued by the Secretary, or after the appropriate district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General for recovery of the amount assessed in the district court of the United States in any district in which the person resides or conducts business. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of such order imposing such civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1914, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3851.)
7 U.S.C. § 6306 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 92: SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6306: Petition and review
Petition and review
Status: in_force

(a) Petition

(1) In general

A person subject to an order issued under this chapter may file with the Secretary a petition—

(A) stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any obligation imposed in connection with the order is not established in accordance with law; and

(B) requesting a modification of the order or an exemption from the order.

(2) Hearings

The petitioner shall be given the opportunity for a hearing on a petition filed under paragraph (1), in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary.

(3) Ruling

After a hearing under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition that is the subject of the hearing, which shall be final if such ruling is in accordance with applicable law.

(b) Review

(1) Commencement of action

The district court of the United States in any district in which the person who is a petitioner under subsection (a) resides or carries on business shall have jurisdiction to review a ruling on the petition of such person under such subsection, if a complaint for that purpose is filed not later than 20 days after the date of the entry of a ruling by the Secretary under such subsection (a).

(2) Process

Service of process in a proceeding under paragraph (1) shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

(3) Remands

If the court determines, under paragraph (1), that a ruling issued under subsection (a)(3) is not in accordance with applicable law, the court shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions either—

(A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law; or

(B) to take such further proceedings as, in the opinion of the court, the law requires.

(4) Enforcement

The pendency of proceedings instituted under subsection (a) shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the Secretary from taking any action under section 6307 of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1971, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3900.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 3175 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL FOOD AND HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAM / Section 3175: Nutrition education program
Nutrition education program
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of 1862 Institution and 1890 Institution

In this section, the terms "1862 Institution" and "1890 Institution" have the meaning given those terms in section 7601 of this title.

(b) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish a national education program which shall include, but not be limited to, the dissemination of the results of food and human nutrition research performed or funded by the Department of Agriculture.

(c) Employment and training

To enable low-income individuals and families to engage in nutritionally sound food purchasing and preparation practices, the expanded food and nutrition education program presently conducted under section 343(d) of this title, shall provide for the employment and training of professional and paraprofessional aides to engage in direct nutrition education of low-income families and in other appropriate nutrition education programs. To the maximum extent practicable, program aides shall be hired from the indigenous target population.

(d) Allocation of funding

Beginning with the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982—

(1) Any funds annually appropriated under section 343(d) of this title, for the conduct of the expanded food and nutrition education program, up to the amount appropriated under such section for such program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, shall be allocated to each State in the same proportion as funds appropriated under such section for the conduct of the program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, are allocated among the States; with the exception that the Secretary may retain up to 2 per centum of such amount for the conduct of such program in States that did not participate in such program in the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981.

(2) Any funds appropriated annually under section 343(d) of this title, for the conduct of the expanded food and nutrition education program in excess of the amount appropriated under such section for the conduct of the program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, shall be allocated as follows:

(A) 4 per centum shall be available to the Secretary for administrative, technical, and other services necessary for the administration of the program.

(B) Notwithstanding section 343(d) of this title, the remainder shall be allocated among the States as follows:

(i) $100,000 shall be distributed to each 1862 Institution and 1890 Institution.

(ii) Subject to clause (iii), the remainder shall be allocated to each State in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allocated under this clause as—

(I) the population living at or below 125 percent of the income poverty guidelines (as prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget and as adjusted pursuant to section 9902(2) of title 42) in the State; bears to

(II) the total population living at or below 125 percent of those income poverty guidelines in all States;

 as determined by the most recent decennial census at the time at which each such additional amount is first appropriated.

(iii)(I) Before any allocation of funds under clause (ii), for any fiscal year for which the amount of funds appropriated for the conduct of the expanded food and nutrition education program exceeds the amount of funds appropriated for the program for fiscal year 2007, the following percentage of such excess funds for the fiscal year shall be allocated to the 1890 Institutions in accordance with subclause (II):

(aa) 10 percent for fiscal year 2009.

(bb) 11 percent for fiscal year 2010.

(cc) 12 percent for fiscal year 2011.

(dd) 13 percent for fiscal year 2012.

(ee) 14 percent for fiscal year 2013.

(ff) 15 percent for fiscal year 2014 and for each fiscal year thereafter.

(II) Funds made available under subclause (I) shall be allocated to each 1890 Institution in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total amount to be allocated under this clause as—

(aa) the population living at or below 125 percent of the income poverty guidelines (as prescribed by the Office of Management and Budget and as adjusted pursuant to section 9902(2) of title 42) in the State in which the 1890 Institution is located; bears to

(bb) the total population living at or below 125 percent of those income poverty guidelines in all States in which 1890 Institutions are located;

 as determined by the most recent decennial census at the time at which each such additional amount is first appropriated.

(iv) Nothing in this subparagraph precludes the Secretary from developing educational materials and programs for persons in income ranges above the level designated in this subparagraph.

(e) Complementary administration

The Secretary shall ensure the complementary administration of the expanded food and nutrition education program by 1862 Institutions and 1890 Institutions in a State.

(f) Coordination

Projects carried out with funds made available under section 343(d) of this title, to carry out the program established under subsection (b) may be coordinated with the nutrition education and obesity prevention grant program under section 2036a of this title or another health promotion or nutrition improvement strategy, whether publicly or privately funded, as determined by the Secretary.

(g) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the expanded food and nutrition education program established under section 343(d) of this title and this section $90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1425, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1000; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1423, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1307; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVII, §1776(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3814; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §809, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1164; Pub. L. 105–185, title III, §301(a)(6), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 562; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7106, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7116(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1220; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7116(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1981; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7110, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 870; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7112, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4785.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334, §7112(2), added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–334, §7112(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g) and substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "2018" for "2012".

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §7116(a)(2), reenacted section catchline without change.

Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §7116(a)(1)–(5)(A), added subsec. (a), redesignated former subsecs. (a) to (c) as (b) to (d), respectively, inserted headings, and in subsec. (c) substituted "To enable" for "In order to enable".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–246, §7116(a)(5)(B), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which related to allocation of funds other than for administrative or technical purposes, 10 percent of which was to be distributed equally among all States, and the remainder was to be allocated to each State in an amount bearing the same ratio to the total amount to be allocated as the population of the State living at or below 125 percent of income poverty guidelines bore to the total population of all the States living at or below 125 percent of such guidelines.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §7116(a)(5)(C), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the expanded food and nutrition education program established under section 343(d) of this title and this section, $83,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 through 2007."

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 110–246, §7116(a)(6), added subsecs. (e) and (f).

2002—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "2007" for "2002".

1998—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–185 substituted "through 2002" for "and 1997".

1996—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104–127 substituted ", $83,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997" for "$63,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, $68,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $73,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, $78,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, and $83,000,000 for fiscal year 1995".

1990—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 101–624 added par. (3).

1981—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–98 substantially retained existing provisions of the subsection relating to expanded food and nutrition education programs and transferred remaining provisions relating to allocation of funds to States and the authority of the Secretary to develop educational materials and programs for persons in certain income ranges to a new subsec. (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–98 added subsec. (c), and included therein provisions relating to allocation of funds to States and the authority of the Secretary to develop educational materials and programs for persons in certain income ranges formerly contained in subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7116(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1221, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7116(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1982, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 3175e of this title] take effect on October 1, 2008."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 1781(b)(1) of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 2012 of this title.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 79d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 3: GRAIN STANDARDS / Section 79d: Limitation on administrative and supervisory costs
Limitation on administrative and supervisory costs
Status: in_force

The total administrative and supervisory costs which may be incurred under this chapter for services performed (excluding standardization, compliance, and foreign monitoring activities) for each of the fiscal years 1989 through 2025 shall not exceed 30 percent of the total costs for such activities carried out by the Secretary for such year.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. B, §7D, as added Pub. L. 100–518, §2(3), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2585; amended Pub. L. 103–156, §2, Nov. 24, 1993, 107 Stat. 1525; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §293(a)(8), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3237; Pub. L. 106–472, title I, §105, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2060; Pub. L. 109–83, §1(a), Sept. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2053; Pub. L. 114–54, title III, §301(d), Sept. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 116–216, §4, Dec. 11, 2020, 134 Stat. 1048.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2020—Pub. L. 116–216 substituted "2025" for "2020".

2015—Pub. L. 114–54 substituted "2020" for "2015".

2005—Pub. L. 109–83 substituted "2015" for "2005".

2000—Pub. L. 106–472 substituted "2005" for "2000" and "30 percent" for "40 per centum".

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 substituted "Secretary" for "Service".

1993—Pub. L. 103–156 substituted "services performed" for "inspection and weighing" and "2000" for "1993".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–472 effective as if enacted Sept. 30, 2000, see section 111 of Pub. L. 106–472, set out as a note under section 79 of this title.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–156 effective as of Sept. 30, 1993, see section 16(b) of Pub. L. 103–156, set out as a note under section 75 of this title.

Effective and Termination Dates

That part of section 2 of Pub. L. 100–518 which provided that section was effective for the period Oct. 1, 1988, through Sept. 30, 1993, inclusive, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–156, §§13(a), 16(b), Nov. 24, 1993, 107 Stat. 1529, 1530, eff. Sept. 30, 1993.
7 U.S.C. § 136r (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6: INSECTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Subchapter II: ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Section 136r: Research and monitoring
Research and monitoring
Status: in_force

(a) Research

The Administrator shall undertake research including research by grant or contract with other Federal agencies, universities, or others as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter, and the Administrator shall conduct research into integrated pest management in coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture. The Administrator shall also take care to ensure that such research does not duplicate research being undertaken by any other Federal agency.

(b) National monitoring plan

The Administrator shall formulate and periodically revise, in cooperation with other Federal, State, or local agencies, a national plan for monitoring pesticides.

(c) Monitoring

The Administrator shall undertake such monitoring activities, including, but not limited to monitoring in air, soil, water, man, plants, and animals, as may be necessary for the implementation of this subchapter and of the national pesticide monitoring plan. The Administrator shall establish procedures for the monitoring of man and animals and their environment for incidential 1 pesticide exposure, including, but not limited to, the quantification of incidental human and environmental pesticide pollution and the secular trends thereof, and identification of the sources of contamination and their relationship to human and environmental effects. Such activities shall be carried out in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies.

(June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §20, as added Pub. L. 92–516, §2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 996; amended Pub. L. 95–396, §20, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 834; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1006(a)(10), (b)(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1895.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "ensure" for "insure" and "the Administrator" for "he" before "shall conduct".

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–396, §20(1), substituted in first sentence "shall conduct research into integrated pest management in coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture" for "shall give priority to research to develop biologically integrated alternatives for pest control".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–396, §20(2), inserted provision requiring establishment of monitoring procedures and the carrying out of the activities in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–516, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.

Availability of Grants

Pub. L. 106–74, title III, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1081, provided in part: "That notwithstanding 7 U.S.C. 136r and 15 U.S.C. 2609, beginning in fiscal year 2000 and thereafter, grants awarded under section 20 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act [7 U.S.C. 136r], as amended, and section 10 of the Toxic Substances Control Act [15 U.S.C. 2609], as amended, shall be available for research, development, monitoring, public education, training, demonstrations, and studies".

1 So in original. Probably should be "incidental".
7 U.S.C. § 901 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter I: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION / Section 901: Short title
Short title
Status: in_force

This chapter may be cited as the "Rural Electrification Act of 1936".

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title I, §1, 49 Stat. 1363; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, §5, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2732, 53 Stat. 1434; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 776, §2, 63 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §235(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3220.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 added section catchline and text and struck out former text which read as follows: "There is hereby created and established an agency of the United States to be known as the 'Rural Electrification Administration', all of the powers of which shall be exercised by an Administrator, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of ten years, and who shall receive a salary of $10,000 per year. This chapter may be cited as the 'Rural Electrification Act of 1936'."

1949—Act Oct. 28, 1949, inserted "title I," in credit of act May 20, 1936.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–129, §1, Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1356, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 936d, 936e, and 2008e of this title, amending sections 902, 904, 913, 918, 924, 935, 936c, 937, 939, 940d, 946, 948, 1926, and 2006f of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note below] may be cited as the 'Rural Electrification Loan Restructuring Act of 1993'."

Short Title of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–428, §1, Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2183, provided that: "This Act [amending section 936b of this title] may be cited as the 'Rural Electrification Administration Improvement Act of 1992'."

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2351(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4038, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle F (§§2351–2368) of title XXIII of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting sections 918 and 925 to 928 of this title, amending sections 924, 932, 935, 936, 939, 945, 946, 948, and 950 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 946 of this title] may be cited as the 'Rural Telecommunications Improvements Act of 1990'."

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–570, §1, Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2701, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 931 and 935 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 935 of this title] may be cited as the 'Rural Electrification Administration Technical Amendments Act of 1976'."

Regulations

Pub. L. 103–129, §6, Nov. 1, 1993, 107 Stat. 1367, provided that: "Except as provided in section 2(b) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 [7 U.S.C. 902(b)] and section 370 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act [7 U.S.C. 2008e], as added by sections 2(c)(1)(C) and 5 of this Act, not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 1, 1993], interim final regulations shall be issued by—

"(1) the Administrator of the Rural Electrification Administration to carry out the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note above] to programs administered by the Administrator;

"(2) the Administrator of the Rural Development Administration to carry out the amendments made by this Act to programs administered by the Administrator; and

"(3) the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the amendments made by this Act to programs administered by the Farmers Home Administration."

Findings; Statement of Policy

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2352, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4038, as amended by Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6602(b)(12), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—The Congress finds that—

"(1) making modern telecommunications technology and services available in rural areas in the United States promotes economic development and improves the quality of life in rural areas; and

"(2) the efficient operation of the Rural Telephone Bank and the Rural Electrification Administration telephone loan programs is essential to the continued development of the telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas in the United States.

"(b) Statement of Policy.—It is the policy of the Congress that the Rural Electrification Administration make loans that facilitate the development and enhancement of the rural telecommunications infrastructure in order to make modern telecommunications technology and services available at reasonable rates to the greatest practicable number of people in rural areas in the United States."

[Title IV of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (former 7 U.S.C. 941–950b), which established the Rural Telephone Bank, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6602(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4776.]

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Rural Electrification Administration and its functions and activities transferred to Department of Agriculture, to be administered therein by Administrator under general direction and supervision of Secretary of Agriculture, by 1939 Reorg. Plan No. II, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See also sections 401 to 404 of that plan for provisions relating to transfer of functions, records, property, personnel, and funds.