42 U.S.C. § 232 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 232: National Institute of Mental Health; authorization of appropriation; construction; location
National Institute of Mental Health; authorization of appropriation; construction; location
Status: in_force

There is authorized to be appropriated a sum not to exceed $7,500,000 for the erection and equipment, for the use of the Public Health Service in carrying out the provisions of this Act, of suitable and adequate hospital buildings and facilities, including necessary living quarters for personnel, and of suitable and adequate laboratory buildings and facilities, and such buildings and facilities shall be known as the National Institute of Mental Health. The Administrator of General Services is authorized to acquire, by purchase, condemnation, donation, or otherwise, a suitable and adequate site or sites, selected on the advice of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, in or near the District of Columbia for such buildings and facilities, and to erect thereon, furnish, and equip such buildings and facilities. The amount authorized to be appropriated in this section shall include the cost of preparation of drawings and specifications, supervision of construction, and other administrative expenses incident to the work: Provided, That the Administrator of General Services shall prepare the plans and specifications, make all necessary contracts, and supervise construction.

(July 3, 1946, ch. 538, §11, 60 Stat. 425; June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title I, §103(a), 63 Stat. 380.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is act July 3, 1946, ch. 538, 60 Stat. 421, known as the National Mental Health Act, which enacted sections 232 and 242a of this title, amended sections 201, 209, 210, 215, 218, 219, 241, 244, and 246 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 201 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1946 Amendment note set out under section 201 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as a part of the National Mental Health Act, and not as a part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Secretary of Health and Human Services" substituted for "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of Title 20, Education.

Transfer of Functions

Functions of Federal Works Agency and of all agencies thereof, together with functions of Federal Works Administrator transferred to Administrator of General Services by section 103(a) of act June 30, 1949. Both Federal Works Agency and office of Federal Works Administrator abolished by section 103(b) of that act. See Historical and Revision Notes under section 303(b) of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works. Section 303(b) of Title 40 was amended generally by Pub. L. 109–313, §2(a)(1), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1734, and, as so amended, no longer relates to the Federal Works Agency and Commissioner of Public Buildings. See 2006 Amendment note under section 303 of Title 40.

Effective Date of Transfer of Functions

Transfer of functions by act June 30, 1949, effective July 1, 1949, see section 605, formerly section 505, of act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, 63 Stat. 403; renumbered by act Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §6(a), (b), 64 Stat. 583.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of Public Health Service, Surgeon General of Public Health Service, and all other officers and employees of Public Health Service, and functions of all agencies of or in Public Health Service transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, eff. June 25, 1966, 31 F.R. 8855, 80 Stat. 1610, set out as a note under section 202 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 3514a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 43: DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 3514a: Nonrecurring expenses fund
Nonrecurring expenses fund
Status: in_force

There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the "Nonrecurring expenses fund" (the Fund): Provided, That unobligated balances of expired discretionary funds appropriated in this or any succeeding fiscal year from the General Fund of the Treasury to the Department of Health and Human Services by this or any other Act may be transferred (not later than the end of the fifth fiscal year after the last fiscal year for which such funds are available for the purposes for which appropriated) into the Fund: Provided further, That amounts deposited in the Fund shall be available until expended, and in addition to such other funds as may be available for such purposes, for capital acquisition necessary for the operation of the Department, including facilities infrastructure and information technology infrastructure, subject to approval by the Office of Management and Budget: Provided further, That amounts in the Fund may be obligated only after the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate are notified at least 15 days in advance of the planned use of funds.

(Pub. L. 110–161, div. G, title II, §223, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2188; Pub. L. 111–8, div. F, title II, §220, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 783.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2009—Pub. L. 111–8 substituted "in this or any succeeding" for "for this or any succeeding".
42 U.S.C. § 9617 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 103: COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY / Subchapter I: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RELEASES, LIABILITY, COMPENSATION / Section 9617: Public participation
Public participation
Status: in_force

(a) Proposed plan

Before adoption of any plan for remedial action to be undertaken by the President, by a State, or by any other person, under section 9604, 9606, 9620, or 9622 of this title, the President or State, as appropriate, shall take both of the following actions:

(1) Publish a notice and brief analysis of the proposed plan and make such plan available to the public.

(2) Provide a reasonable opportunity for submission of written and oral comments and an opportunity for a public meeting at or near the facility at issue regarding the proposed plan and regarding any proposed findings under section 9621(d)(4) of this title (relating to cleanup standards). The President or the State shall keep a transcript of the meeting and make such transcript available to the public.

The notice and analysis published under paragraph (1) shall include sufficient information as may be necessary to provide a reasonable explanation of the proposed plan and alternative proposals considered.

(b) Final plan

Notice of the final remedial action plan adopted shall be published and the plan shall be made available to the public before commencement of any remedial action. Such final plan shall be accompanied by a discussion of any significant changes (and the reasons for such changes) in the proposed plan and a response to each of the significant comments, criticisms, and new data submitted in written or oral presentations under subsection (a).

(c) Explanation of differences

After adoption of a final remedial action plan—

(1) if any remedial action is taken,

(2) if any enforcement action under section 9606 of this title is taken, or

(3) if any settlement or consent decree under section 9606 of this title or section 9622 of this title is entered into,

and if such action, settlement, or decree differs in any significant respects from the final plan, the President or the State shall publish an explanation of the significant differences and the reasons such changes were made.

(d) Publication

For the purposes of this section, publication shall include, at a minimum, publication in a major local newspaper of general circulation. In addition, each item developed, received, published, or made available to the public under this section shall be available for public inspection and copying at or near the facility at issue.

(e) Grants for technical assistance

(1) Authority

Subject to such amounts as are provided in appropriations Acts and in accordance with rules promulgated by the President, the President may make grants available to any group of individuals which may be affected by a release or threatened release at any facility which is listed on the National Priorities List under the National Contingency Plan. Such grants may be used to obtain technical assistance in interpreting information with regard to the nature of the hazard, remedial investigation and feasibility study, record of decision, remedial design, selection and construction of remedial action, operation and maintenance, or removal action at such facility.

(2) Amount

The amount of any grant under this subsection may not exceed $50,000 for a single grant recipient. The President may waive the $50,000 limitation in any case where such waiver is necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection. Each grant recipient shall be required, as a condition of the grant, to contribute at least 20 percent of the total of costs of the technical assistance for which such grant is made. The President may waive the 20 percent contribution requirement if the grant recipient demonstrates financial need and such waiver is necessary to facilitate public participation in the selection of remedial action at the facility. Not more than one grant may be made under this subsection with respect to a single facility, but the grant may be renewed to facilitate public participation at all stages of remedial action.

(Pub. L. 96–510, title I, §117, as added Pub. L. 99–499, title I, §117, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1654.)
42 U.S.C. § 7136 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 84: DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY / Subchapter II: ESTABLISHMENT OF DEPARTMENT / Section 7136: Economic Regulatory Administration; appointment of Administrator; compensation; qualifications; functions
Economic Regulatory Administration; appointment of Administrator; compensation; qualifications; functions
Status: in_force

(a) There shall be within the Department an Economic Regulatory Administration to be headed by an Administrator, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall be compensated at a rate provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5. Such Administrator shall be, by demonstrated ability, background, training, or experience, an individual who is specially qualified to assess fairly the needs and concerns of all interests affected by Federal energy policy. The Secretary shall by rule provide for a separation of regulatory and enforcement functions assigned to, or vested in, the Administration.

(b) Consistent with the provisions of subchapter IV, the Secretary shall utilize the Economic Regulatory Administration to administer such functions as he may consider appropriate.

(Pub. L. 95–91, title II, §206, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 574.)
42 U.S.C. § 14044a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter III: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN / Section 14044a: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 14044a was editorially reclassified as section 20702 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 2346 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 24: DISPOSAL OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMMUNITIES / Subchapter IV: SALES OF PROPERTY FOR PRIVATE USE / Section 2346: Occupancy by existing tenants
Occupancy by existing tenants
Status: in_force

Upon application by any occupant of a single or duplex house made within the period of the first priority when such house is first offered for sale under this chapter, the Commission shall execute a lease to such occupant for a period not to exceed one year from the date on which such property is first offered for sale, or for such period as he remains a project-connected person, whichever is shorter. In selling any house with respect to which a lease executed under this section is in effect, the Commission may provide that the purchaser shall assume any or all obligations of the lessor, but the Commission shall guarantee the lessee's performance under the terms of the lease.

(Aug. 4, 1955, ch. 543, ch. 5, §56, 69 Stat. 478.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of this title. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.
42 U.S.C. § 4368 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 55: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 4368: Grants to qualified citizens groups
Grants to qualified citizens groups
Status: in_force

(1) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency, for grants to qualified citizens groups in States and regions, $3,000,000.

(2) Grants under this section may be made for the purpose of supporting and encouraging participation by qualified citizens groups in determining how scientific, technological, and social trends and changes affect the future environment and quality of life of an area, and for setting goals and identifying measures for improvement.

(3) The term "qualified citizens group" shall mean a nonprofit organization of citizens having an area based focus, which is not single-issue oriented and which can demonstrate a prior record of interest and involvement in goal-setting and research concerned with improving the quality of life, including plans to identify, protect and enhance significant natural and cultural resources and the environment.

(4) A citizens group shall be eligible for assistance only if certified by the Governor in consultation with the State legislature as a bonafide organization entitled to receive Federal assistance to pursue the aims of this program. The group shall further demonstrate its capacity to employ usefully the funds for the purposes of this program and its broad-based representative nature.

(5) After an initial application for assistance under this section has been approved, the Administrator may make grants on an annual basis, on condition that the Governor recertify the group and that the applicant submits to the Administrator annually—

(A) an evaluation of the progress made during the previous year in meeting the objectives for which the grant was made;

(B) a description of any changes in the objectives of the activities; and

(C) a description of the proposed activities for the succeeding one year period.

(6) A grant made under this program shall not exceed 75 per centum of the estimated cost of the project or program for which the grant is made, and no group shall receive more than $50,000 in any one year.

(7) No financial assistance provided under this section shall be used to support lobbying or litigation by any recipient group.

(Pub. L. 95–477, §3(d), Oct. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 1509.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This section, referred to in par. (5), means section 3 of Pub. L. 95–477, in its entirety, subsec. (d) of which enacted this section, subsecs. (a) and (b) of which were not classified to the Code, and subsec. (c) of which is set out as a note under section 4366 of this title.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1979, and not as part of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 12785 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 130: NATIONAL AFFORDABLE HOUSING / Subchapter II: INVESTMENT IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING / Section 12785: REACH: asset recycling information dissemination
REACH: asset recycling information dissemination
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall make available upon request by any participating jurisdiction a list of eligible properties that are located within the jurisdiction and that are owned or controlled by the Department of Housing and Urban Development to facilitate the purchase, development, or rehabilitation of such properties with assistance made available under this subchapter.

(b) Eligible properties

An eligible property under this section shall—

(1) be an unoccupied single-family or multifamily dwelling, such that acquisition and rehabilitation of the dwelling would not result in the displacement of any residents of the dwelling; and

(2) have an appraised value that does not exceed (A) in the case of a 1- to 4-family dwelling, 95 percent of the median purchase price for the area for such dwellings, as determined by the Secretary, or (B) in the case of a dwelling with more than 4 units, the applicable maximum dollar amount limitation under section 1715l(d)(3)(ii) of title 12 for elevator-type structures.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §245, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4119.)
42 U.S.C. § 3143 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 38: PUBLIC WORKS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter II: GRANTS FOR PUBLIC WORKS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT / Section 3143: Grants for planning and grants for administrative expenses
Grants for planning and grants for administrative expenses
Status: in_force

(a) In general

On the application of an eligible recipient, the Secretary may make grants to pay the costs of economic development planning and the administrative expenses of organizations that carry out the planning.

(b) Planning process

Planning assisted under this subchapter shall be a continuous process involving public officials and private citizens in—

(1) analyzing local economies;

(2) defining economic development goals;

(3) determining project opportunities; and

(4) formulating and implementing an economic development program that includes systematic efforts to reduce unemployment and increase incomes.

(c) Use of planning assistance

Planning assistance under this subchapter shall be used in conjunction with any other available Federal planning assistance to ensure adequate and effective planning and economical use of funds.

(d) Administrative expenses

Administrative expenses that may be paid with a grant under this section include—

(1) expenses related to carrying out the planning process described in subsection (b);

(2) expenses related to project predevelopment;

(3) expenses related to updating economic development plans to align with other applicable State, regional, or local planning efforts; and

(4) expenses related to hiring professional staff to assist communities in—

(A) project predevelopment and implementing projects and priorities included in—

(i) a comprehensive economic development strategy; or

(ii) an economic development planning grant;

(B) identifying and using other Federal, State, and Tribal economic development programs;

(C) leveraging private and philanthropic investment;

(D) preparing economic recovery plans in response to disasters; and

(E) carrying out economic development and predevelopment activities in accordance with professional economic development best practices.

(e) State plans

(1) Development

Any State plan developed with assistance under this section shall be developed, to the maximum extent practicable, cooperatively by the State, political subdivisions of the State, and the economic development districts located wholly or partially in the State.

(2) Comprehensive economic development strategy

As a condition of receipt of assistance for a State plan under this subsection, the State shall have or develop a comprehensive economic development strategy.

(3) Coordination

Before providing assistance for a State plan under this section, the Secretary shall consider the extent to which the State will consider local and economic development district plans.

(4) Comprehensive planning process

Any overall State economic development planning assisted under this section shall be a part of a comprehensive planning process that shall consider the provision of public works to—

(A) promote economic development and opportunity;

(B) foster effective transportation access;

(C) enhance and protect the environment;

(D) assist in carrying out the workforce investment strategy of a State;

(E) promote the use of technology in economic development, including access to high-speed telecommunications (including broadband);

(F) address and mitigate economic impacts of extreme weather; and

(G) balance resources through the sound management of physical development.

(5) Report to Secretary

Each State that receives assistance for the development of a plan under this subsection shall submit to the Secretary an annual report on the planning process assisted under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 89–136, title II, §203, as added Pub. L. 105–393, title I, §102(a), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3602; amended Pub. L. 108–373, title II, §201, Oct. 27, 2004, 118 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 118–272, div. B, title II, §2214, Jan. 4, 2025, 138 Stat. 3180.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3143, Pub. L. 89–136, title II, §203, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 558; Pub. L. 94–273, §2(25), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 376, directed deposit of funds into Economic Development Revolving Fund, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–393, §102(a).

Amendments

2025—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 118–272, §2214(1), (2), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

Subsec. (e)(4)(E). Pub. L. 118–272, §2214(3)(A), substituted "(including broadband);" for "; and".

Subsec. (e)(4)(F), (G). Pub. L. 118–272, §2214(3)(B), (C), added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpar. (F) as (G).

2004—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 108–373, §201(1), inserted ", to the maximum extent practicable," after "shall be developed".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 108–373, §201(2), added par. (3) and struck out heading and text of former par. (3). Text read as follows: "On completion of a State plan developed with assistance under this section, the State shall—

"(A) certify to the Secretary that, in the development of the State plan, local and economic development district plans were considered and, to the maximum extent practicable, the State plan is consistent with the local and economic development district plans; and

"(B) identify any inconsistencies between the State plan and the local and economic development district plans and provide a justification for each inconsistency."

Subsec. (d)(4)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 108–373, §201(3), added subpars. (D) and (E) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (F).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Feb. 11, 1999, see section 105 of Pub. L. 105–393, set out as a note under section 3121 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 626 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 7: SOCIAL SECURITY / Subchapter IV: GRANTS TO STATES FOR AID AND SERVICES TO NEEDY FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN AND FOR CHILD-WELFARE SERVICES / Section 626: Research, training, or demonstration projects
Research, training, or demonstration projects
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as the Congress may determine—

(1) for grants by the Secretary—

(A) to public or other nonprofit institutions of higher learning, and to public or other nonprofit agencies and organizations engaged in research or child-welfare activities, for special research or demonstration projects in the field of child welfare which are of regional or national significance and for special projects for the demonstration of new methods or facilities which show promise of substantial contribution to the advancement of child welfare;

(B) to State or local public agencies responsible for administering, or supervising the administration of, the plan under this part, for projects for the demonstration of the utilization of research (including findings resulting therefrom) in the field of child welfare in order to encourage experimental and special types of welfare services; and

(C) to public or other nonprofit institutions of higher learning for special projects for training personnel for work in the field of child welfare, including traineeships described in section 628a 1 of this title with such stipends and allowances as may be permitted by the Secretary; and

(2) for contracts or jointly financed cooperative arrangements with States and public and other organizations and agencies for the conduct of research, special projects, or demonstration projects relating to such matters.

(b) Payments; advances or reimbursements; installments; conditions

Payments of grants or under contracts or cooperative arrangements under this section may be made in advance or by way of reimbursement, and in such installments, as the Secretary may determine; and shall be made on such conditions as the Secretary finds necessary to carry out the purposes of the grants, contracts, or other arrangements.

(c) Child welfare traineeships

The Secretary may approve an application for a grant to a public or nonprofit institution for higher learning to provide traineeships with stipends under subsection (a)(1)(C) only if the application—

(1) provides assurances that each individual who receives a stipend with such traineeship (in this section referred to as a "recipient") will enter into an agreement with the institution under which the recipient agrees—

(A) to participate in training at a public or private nonprofit child welfare agency on a regular basis (as determined by the Secretary) for the period of the traineeship;

(B) to be employed for a period of years equivalent to the period of the traineeship, in a public or private nonprofit child welfare agency in any State, within a period of time (determined by the Secretary in accordance with regulations) after completing the postsecondary education for which the traineeship was awarded;

(C) to furnish to the institution and the Secretary evidence of compliance with subparagraphs (A) and (B); and

(D) if the recipient fails to comply with subparagraph (A) or (B) and does not qualify for any exception to this subparagraph which the Secretary may prescribe in regulations, to repay to the Secretary all (or an appropriately prorated part) of the amount of the stipend, plus interest, and, if applicable, reasonable collection fees (in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary);

(2) provides assurances that the institution will—

(A) enter into agreements with child welfare agencies for onsite training of recipients;

(B) permit an individual who is employed in the field of child welfare services to apply for a traineeship with a stipend if the traineeship furthers the progress of the individual toward the completion of degree requirements; and

(C) develop and implement a system that, for the 3-year period that begins on the date any recipient completes a child welfare services program of study, tracks the employment record of the recipient, for the purpose of determining the percentage of recipients who secure employment in the field of child welfare services and remain employed in the field.

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, §426, as added Pub. L. 90–248, title II, §240(c), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 915; amended Pub. L. 100–203, title IX, §9137, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–319; Pub. L. 103–432, title II, §205(b), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4457; Pub. L. 109–288, §§6(f)(2), 11(b), Sept. 28, 2006, 120 Stat. 1247, 1255.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 628a of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(C), was transferred and redesignated as subsec. (c) of this section by Pub. L. 109–288, §6(f)(2), Sept. 28, 2006, 120 Stat. 1247.

Codification

Section 628a of this title, which was transferred and redesignated as subsec. (c) of this section by Pub. L. 109–288, was based on act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, §429, as added Pub. L. 103–432, title II, §205(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4456.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–288, §11(b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to appropriations for demonstration projects for development of alternate care arrangements for infants not requiring hospitalization.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–288, §6(f)(2), amended section as amended by Pub. L. 109–288, §11(b), by transferring section 628a of this title and redesignating it as subsec. (c) of this section. See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 109–288, §11(b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b).

1994—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 103–432 inserted "described in section 628a of this title" after "including traineeships".

1987—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 100–203 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–288 effective Oct. 1, 2006, and applicable to payments under this part and part E of this subchapter for calendar quarters beginning on or after such date, without regard to whether implementing regulations have been promulgated, and with delay permitted if State legislation is required to meet additional requirements, see section 12(a), (b) of Pub. L. 109–288, set out as a note under section 621 of this title.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–432, title II, §205(c), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4457, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 628a of this title and amending this section] shall apply to grants awarded on or after October 1, 1995."

Appropriations or Grants

Pub. L. 90–248, title II, §240(g), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 916, provided that any appropriations or grants made pursuant to section 726 of this title, as in effect prior to Jan. 2, 1968, were to be deemed to have been appropriated or made under this section.

1 See References in Text note below.
42 U.S.C. § 8285c (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 91: NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICY / Subchapter V: ENERGY AUDITOR TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION / Section 8285c: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) To carry out this subchapter there is authorized to be appropriated the sum of $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1981, and the sum of $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1982.

(b) Any funds appropriated under the authorization contained in this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 96–294, title V, §584, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 761.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Energy Security Act, and not as part of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 5207 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 68: DISASTER RELIEF / Subchapter V: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 5207: Firearms policies
Firearms policies
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition on confiscation of firearms

No officer or employee of the United States (including any member of the uniformed services), or person operating pursuant to or under color of Federal law, or receiving Federal funds, or under control of any Federal official, or providing services to such an officer, employee, or other person, while acting in support of relief from a major disaster or emergency, may—

(1) temporarily or permanently seize, or authorize seizure of, any firearm the possession of which is not prohibited under Federal, State, or local law, other than for forfeiture in compliance with Federal law or as evidence in a criminal investigation;

(2) require registration of any firearm for which registration is not required by Federal, State, or local law;

(3) prohibit possession of any firearm, or promulgate any rule, regulation, or order prohibiting possession of any firearm, in any place or by any person where such possession is not otherwise prohibited by Federal, State, or local law; or

(4) prohibit the carrying of firearms by any person otherwise authorized to carry firearms under Federal, State, or local law, solely because such person is operating under the direction, control, or supervision of a Federal agency in support of relief from the major disaster or emergency.

(b) Limitation

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit any person in subsection (a) from requiring the temporary surrender of a firearm as a condition for entry into any mode of transportation used for rescue or evacuation during a major disaster or emergency, provided that such temporarily surrendered firearm is returned at the completion of such rescue or evacuation.

(c) Private rights of action

(1) In general

Any individual aggrieved by a violation of this section may seek relief in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress against any person who subjects such individual, or causes such individual to be subjected, to the deprivation of any of the rights, privileges, or immunities secured by this section.

(2) Remedies

In addition to any existing remedy in law or equity, under any law, an individual aggrieved by the seizure or confiscation of a firearm in violation of this section may bring an action for return of such firearm in the United States district court in the district in which that individual resides or in which such firearm may be found.

(3) Attorney fees

In any action or proceeding to enforce this section, the court shall award the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs.

(Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §706, as added Pub. L. 109–295, title V, §557, Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1391.)
42 U.S.C. § 5182 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 68: DISASTER RELIEF / Subchapter IV: MAJOR DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 5182: Legal services
Legal services
Status: in_force

Whenever the President determines that low-income individuals are unable to secure legal services adequate to meet their needs as a consequence of a major disaster, consistent with the goals of the programs authorized by this chapter, the President shall assure that such programs are conducted with the advice and assistance of appropriate Federal agencies and State and local bar associations.

(Pub. L. 93–288, title IV, §415, formerly §412, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 157; renumbered §415, Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §106(h), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4705.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 415 of Pub. L. 93–288 was renumbered section 418 by Pub. L. 100–707 and is classified to section 5185 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 4026 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 50: NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE / Subchapter I: THE NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM / Section 4026: Expiration of program
Expiration of program
Status: in_force

No new contract for flood insurance under this chapter shall be entered into after September 30, 2023.1

(Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, §1319, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 93–4, Feb. 2, 1973, 87 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 93–38, June 5, 1973, 87 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 93–234, title I, §105, Dec. 31, 1973, 87 Stat. 979; Pub. L. 95–60, §3, June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 95–80, §3, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 95–128, title VII, §701(a), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1144; Pub. L. 95–406, §6(a), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 880; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §308(a), Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2098; Pub. L. 96–153, title VI, §602(a), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1137; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §341(b)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 97–289, §4(a), Oct. 6, 1982, 96 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 98–35, §4(a), May 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 98–109, §5(a), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 746; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, §451(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1229; Pub. L. 99–120, §4(a)(1), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 99–156, §4(a)(1), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 99–219, §4(a)(1), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1731; Pub. L. 99–267, §4(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 74; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3010(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 106; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327; Pub. L. 100–242, title V, §541(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1939; Pub. L. 101–137, §1(a), Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 824; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, §2302(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–23; Pub. L. 103–325, title V, §571(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2277; Pub. L. 104–204, title III, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2915; Pub. L. 105–46, §118, Sept. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 1157; Pub. L. 105–65, title III, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1377; Pub. L. 105–276, title III, title V, §599D(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2502, 2663; Pub. L. 107–73, title III, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 108–3, §2(a)(2), Jan. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 108–171, §2(a)(1), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2064; Pub. L. 108–199, div. H, §136(a)(1), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 442; Pub. L. 108–264, title I, §101(b), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 111–196, §2(a), July 2, 2010, 124 Stat. 1352; Pub. L. 111–250, §2(a), Sept. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 2630; Pub. L. 112–74, div. D, title V, §573, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 985; Pub. L. 112–123, §1(a), May 31, 2012, 126 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title II, §100203(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 916; Pub. L. 115–225, §2(b), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1624; Pub. L. 115–281, §2(b), Dec. 1, 2018, 132 Stat. 4191; Pub. L. 115–396, §2(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5296; Pub. L. 116–19, §2(b), May 31, 2019, 133 Stat. 870; Pub. L. 116–20, title XII, §1207(b), June 6, 2019, 133 Stat. 901; Pub. L. 116–159, div. A, §146(b), Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 718; Pub. L. 117–103, div. O, title I, §101(b), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 787; Pub. L. 117–328, div. AA, title IX, §901(b), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5551.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to "this title" meaning title XIII of Pub. L. 90–448, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 572, known as the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4001 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–328 substituted "September 30, 2023" for "September 30, 2022".

Pub. L. 117–103 substituted "September 30, 2022" for "September 30, 2021".

2020—Pub. L. 116–159 substituted "September 30, 2021" for "September 30, 2019".

2019—Pub. L. 116–20 substituted "September 30, 2019" for "June 14, 2019".

Pub. L. 116–19 substituted "June 14, 2019" for "May 31, 2019".

2018—Pub. L. 115–396 substituted "May 31, 2019" for "December 7, 2018".

Pub. L. 115–281 substituted "December 7, 2018" for "November 30, 2018".

Pub. L. 115–225 substituted "November 30, 2018" for "September 30, 2017".

2012—Pub. L. 112–141 substituted "September 30, 2017" for "July 31, 2012".

Pub. L. 112–123 substituted "July 31, 2012" for "the earlier of the date of the enactment into law of an Act that specifically amends the date specified in this section or May 31, 2012".

2011—Pub. L. 112–74 substituted "the earlier of the date of the enactment into law of an Act that specifically amends the date specified in this section or May 31, 2012" for "September 30, 2011".

2010—Pub. L. 111–250 substituted "September 30, 2011" for "September 30, 2010".

Pub. L. 111–196 substituted "September 30, 2010" for "September 30, 2008".

2004—Pub. L. 108–264 substituted "after September 30, 2008" for "after March 31, 2004".

Pub. L. 108–199, which directed the substitution of "June 30, 2004." for "December 31, 2003", could not be executed because of the amendment by Pub. L. 108–171. See 2003 Amendment note below.

2003—Pub. L. 108–171 substituted "March 31, 2004" for "December 31, 2003".

Pub. L. 108–3 substituted "after December 31, 2003" for "after December 31, 2002".

2001—Pub. L. 107–73 substituted "December 31, 2002" for "September 30, 2001".

1998—Pub. L. 105–276, §599D(a), which directed the substitution of "2001" for "1998", was executed by substituting "2001" for "1999" to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–276, title III, see below.

Pub. L. 105–276, title III, substituted "1999" for "1998".

1997—Pub. L. 105–65 substituted "September 30, 1998" for "October 23, 1997".

Pub. L. 105–46 substituted "October 23, 1997" for "September 30, 1997".

1996—Pub. L. 104–204 substituted "September 30, 1997" for "September 30, 1996".

1994—Pub. L. 103–325 substituted "September 30, 1996" for "September 30, 1995".

1990—Pub. L. 101–508 substituted "September 30, 1995" for "September 30, 1991".

1989—Pub. L. 101–137 substituted "September 30, 1991" for "September 30, 1989".

1988—Pub. L. 100–242 substituted "September 30, 1989" for "March 15, 1988".

1987—Pub. L. 100–200 substituted "March 15, 1988" for "December 16, 1987".

Pub. L. 100–179 substituted "December 16, 1987" for "December 2, 1987".

Pub. L. 100–170 substituted "December 2, 1987" for "November 15, 1987".

Pub. L. 100–154 substituted "November 15, 1987" for "October 31, 1987".

Pub. L. 100–122 substituted "October 31, 1987" for "September 30, 1987".

1986—Pub. L. 99–430 substituted "September 30, 1987" for "September 30, 1986".

Pub. L. 99–345 substituted "September 30, 1986" for "June 6, 1986".

Pub. L. 99–289 substituted "June 6, 1986" for "April 30, 1986".

Pub. L. 99–272 directed amendment identical to Pub. L. 99–219 substituting "March 17, 1986" for "December 15, 1985".

Pub. L. 99–267 substituted "April 30, 1986" for "March 17, 1986".

1985—Pub. L. 99–219 substituted "March 17, 1986" for "December 15, 1985".

Pub. L. 99–156 substituted "December 15, 1985" for "November 14, 1985".

Pub. L. 99–120 substituted "November 14, 1985" for "September 30, 1985".

1983—Pub. L. 98–181 substituted "September 30, 1985" for "November 30, 1983".

Pub. L. 98–109 substituted "November 30, 1983" for "September 30, 1983".

Pub. L. 98–35 substituted "September 30, 1983" for "May 20, 1983".

1982—Pub. L. 97–289 substituted "May 20, 1983" for "September 30, 1982".

1981—Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "1982" for "1981".

1979—Pub. L. 96–153 substituted "September 30, 1981" for "September 30, 1980".

1978—Pub. L. 95–557 substituted "September 30, 1980" for "October 31, 1978".

Pub. L. 95–406 substituted "October 31, 1978" for "September 30, 1978".

1977—Pub. L. 95–128 substituted "September 30, 1978" for "September 30, 1977".

Pub. L. 95–80 substituted "September 30, 1977" for "July 31, 1977".

Pub. L. 95–60 substituted "July 31, 1977" for "June 30, 1977".

1973—Pub. L. 93–234 substituted expiration of program provisions for $6,000,000,000 limitation on flood insurance coverage outstanding.

Pub. L. 93–38 substituted "$6,000,000,000" for "$4,000,000,000".

Pub. L. 93–4 substituted "$4,000,000,000" for "$2,500,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–328 effective as if enacted on Sept. 30, 2022, see section 901(c) of div. AA of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–159 effective immediately upon enactment (Oct. 1, 2020), and applicable as if it were in effect on Sept. 30, 2020, see section 146(c) of Pub. L. 116–159, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–396 effective as if enacted on Dec. 7, 2018, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 115–396, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–196 considered effective on May 31, 2010, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 111–196, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–199 considered to have taken effect on Dec. 31, 2003, see section 136(b) of div. H of Pub. L. 108–199, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Effective Date of 2003 Amendments

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–171 effective Dec. 31, 2003, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 108–171, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–3 effective Dec. 31, 2002, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 108–3, set out as a note under section 4016 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §599D(c), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2663, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 4056 of this title] are made on, and shall apply beginning upon, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998]."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Effective Date

Section effective 120 days following Aug. 1, 1968, or such later date prescribed by the Secretary but in no event more than 180 days following Aug. 1, 1968, see section 1377 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as a note under section 4001 of this title.

Extension of Program

Pub. L. 118–83, div. A, §137, Sept. 26, 2024, 138 Stat. 1531, provided that:

"(a) Sections 1309(a) and 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4016(a) and 4026) shall be applied by substituting the date specified in section 106(3) of this Act [Dec. 20, 2024] for 'September 30, 2023'.

"(b)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), this section shall become effective immediately upon enactment of this Act [div. A of Pub. L. 118–83, approved Sept. 26, 2024].

"(2) If this Act is enacted after September 30, 2024, this section shall be applied as if it were in effect on September 30, 2024."

Pub. L. 118–47, div. G, title I, §101(b), Mar. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 856, provided that: "Sections [sic] 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4026) shall be applied by substituting 'September 30, 2024' for 'September 30, 2023'."

[Section 101(b) of div. G of Pub. L. 118–47, set out above, to take effect as if enacted on Sept. 30, 2023, see section 101(c) of div. G of Pub. L. 118–47, set out as an Extension of Limitation on Financing Provisions note under section 4016 of this title.]

Pub. L. 116–94, div. I, title II, §201, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3019, provided that: "Sections 1309(a) and 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4016(a) and 4026) shall be applied by substituting 'September 30, 2020' for 'September 30, 2019'."

Pub. L. 115–141, div. M, title III, §301, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1049, provided that: "Sections 1309(a) and 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4016(a) and 4026) shall be applied by substituting 'July 31, 2018' for 'September 30, 2017'."

Pub. L. 110–329, div. A, §145, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3581, as amended by Pub. L. 111–8, div. J, §101, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 988, provided that sections 1309(a) and 1319 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4016(a) and 4026) should each be applied by substituting "September 30, 2009" for "September 30, 2008".

Pub. L. 105–64, Oct. 23, 1997, 111 Stat. 1343, provided that the provision amended by section 118 of Pub. L. 105–46 (see 1997 Amendment note above) should be applied as if "November 7, 1997" was substituted for "October 23, 1997".

1 See Extension of Program note below.
42 U.S.C. § 300z (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter XVIII: ADOLESCENT FAMILY LIFE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS / Section 300z: Findings and purposes
Findings and purposes
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress finds that—

(1) in 1978, an estimated one million one hundred thousand teenagers became pregnant, more than five hundred thousand teenagers carried their babies to term, and over one-half of the babies born to such teenagers were born out of wedlock;

(2) adolescents aged seventeen and younger accounted for more than one-half of the out of wedlock births to teenagers;

(3) in a high proportion of cases, the pregnant adolescent is herself the product of an unmarried parenthood during adolescence and is continuing the pattern in her own lifestyle;

(4) it is estimated that approximately 80 per centum of unmarried teenagers who carry their pregnancies to term live with their families before and during their pregnancy and remain with their families after the birth of the child;

(5) pregnancy and childbirth among unmarried adolescents, particularly young adolescents, often results in severe adverse health, social, and economic consequences including: a higher percentage of pregnancy and childbirth complications; a higher incidence of low birth weight babies; a higher infant mortality and morbidity; a greater likelihood that an adolescent marriage will end in divorce; a decreased likelihood of completing schooling; and higher risks of unemployment and welfare dependency; and therefore, education, training, and job research services are important for adolescent parents;

(6)(A) adoption is a positive option for unmarried pregnant adolescents who are unwilling or unable to care for their children since adoption is a means of providing permanent families for such children from available approved couples who are unable or have difficulty in conceiving or carrying children of their own to term; and

(B) at present, only 4 per centum of unmarried pregnant adolescents who carry their babies to term enter into an adoption plan or arrange for their babies to be cared for by relatives or friends;

(7) an unmarried adolescent who becomes pregnant once is likely to experience recurrent pregnancies and childbearing, with increased risks;

(8)(A) the problems of adolescent premarital sexual relations, pregnancy, and parenthood are multiple and complex and are frequently associated with or are a cause of other troublesome situations in the family; and

(B) such problems are best approached through a variety of integrated and essential services provided to adolescents and their families by other family members, religious and charitable organizations, voluntary associations, and other groups in the private sector as well as services provided by publicly sponsored initiatives;

(9) a wide array of educational, health, and supportive services are not available to adolescents with such problems or to their families, or when available frequently are fragmented and thus are of limited effectiveness in discouraging adolescent premarital sexual relations and the consequences of such relations;

(10)(A) prevention of adolescent sexual activity and adolescent pregnancy depends primarily upon developing strong family values and close family ties, and since the family is the basic social unit in which the values and attitudes of adolescents concerning sexuality and pregnancy are formed, programs designed to deal with issues of sexuality and pregnancy will be successful to the extent that such programs encourage and sustain the role of the family in dealing with adolescent sexual activity and adolescent pregnancy;

(B) Federal policy therefore should encourage the development of appropriate health, educational, and social services where such services are now lacking or inadequate, and the better coordination of existing services where they are available; and

(C) services encouraged by the Federal Government should promote the involvement of parents with their adolescent children, and should emphasize the provision of support by other family members, religious and charitable organizations, voluntary associations, and other groups in the private sector in order to help adolescents and their families deal with complex issues of adolescent premarital sexual relations and the consequences of such relations; and

(11)(A) there has been limited research concerning the societal causes and consequences of adolescent pregnancy;

(B) there is limited knowledge concerning which means of intervention are effective in mediating or eliminating adolescent premarital sexual relations and adolescent pregnancy; and

(C) it is necessary to expand and strengthen such knowledge in order to develop an array of approaches to solving the problems of adolescent premarital sexual relations and adolescent pregnancy in both urban and rural settings.

(b) Therefore, the purposes of this subchapter are—

(1) to find effective means, within the context of the family, of reaching adolescents before they become sexually active in order to maximize the guidance and support available to adolescents from parents and other family members, and to promote self discipline and other prudent approaches to the problem of adolescent premarital sexual relations, including adolescent pregnancy;

(2) to promote adoption as an alternative for adolescent parents;

(3) to establish innovative, comprehensive, and integrated approaches to the delivery of care services both for pregnant adolescents, with primary emphasis on unmarried adolescents who are seventeen years of age or under, and for adolescent parents, which shall be based upon an assessment of existing programs and, where appropriate, upon efforts to establish better coordination, integration, and linkages among such existing programs in order to—

(A) enable pregnant adolescents to obtain proper care and assist pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents to become productive independent contributors to family and community life; and

(B) assist families of adolescents to understand and resolve the societal causes which are associated with adolescent pregnancy;

(4) to encourage and support research projects and demonstration projects concerning the societal causes and consequences of adolescent premarital sexual relations, contraceptive use, pregnancy, and child rearing;

(5) to support evaluative research to identify effective services which alleviate, eliminate, or resolve any negative consequences of adolescent premarital sexual relations and adolescent childbearing for the parents, the child, and their families; and

(6) to encourage and provide for the dissemination of results, findings, and information from programs and research projects relating to adolescent premarital sexual relations, pregnancy, and parenthood.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title XX, §2001, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title IX, §955(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 578; amended Pub. L. 98–512, §2(b), (c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2409.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 98–512, §2(b), struck out reference relating to developmental disabilities and inserted provision relating to importance of education, training, and job research services for adolescent parents.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–512, §2(c), inserted "both" before "for pregnant adolescents".
42 U.S.C. § 19051 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter III: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE / Section 19051: Broader impacts
Broader impacts
Status: in_force

(a) Assessment

Not later than 120 days after August 9, 2022, the Director shall enter into an agreement with a qualified independent organization to assess how the Broader Impacts review criterion is applied across the Foundation and make recommendations for improving the effectiveness for meeting the goals established in section 1862p–14 of this title.

(b) Activities

The Director shall make awards on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support activities to increase the efficiency, effectiveness, and availability of resources for implementing the Broader Impacts review criterion, including—

(1) training and workshops for program officers, merit review panelists, award office administrators, faculty, and students to improve understanding of the goals and the full range of potential broader impacts available to researchers to satisfy this criterion;

(2) repositories and clearinghouses for sharing best practices and facilitating collaboration; and

(3) tools for evaluating and documenting societal impacts of research.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III, §10341, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1557.)
42 U.S.C. § 13664 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 135: RESIDENCY AND SERVICE REQUIREMENTS IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED HOUSING / Subchapter V: SAFETY AND SECURITY IN PUBLIC AND ASSISTED HOUSING / Section 13664: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

(a) 1 Definitions

For purposes of this subchapter, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Drug-related criminal activity

The term "drug-related criminal activity" has the meaning given the term in section 1437a(b) of this title.

(2) Federally assisted housing

The term "federally assisted housing" means a dwelling unit—

(A) in public housing (as such term is defined in section 1437a(b) of this title);

(B) assisted with tenant-based assistance under section 1437f of this title;

(C) in housing that is provided project-based assistance under section 1437f of this title, including new construction and substantial rehabilitation projects;

(D) in housing that is assisted under section 1701q of title 12 (as amended by section 801 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act);

(E) in housing that is assisted under section 1701q of title 12, as such section existed before the enactment of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [November 28, 1990];

(F) in housing that is assisted under section 8013 of this title;

(G) in housing financed by a loan or mortgage insured under section 1715l(d)(3) of title 12 that bears interest at a rate determined under the proviso of section 1715l(d)(5) of title 12;

(H) in housing insured, assisted, or held by the Secretary or a State or State agency under section 1715z–1 of title 12; or

(I) in housing assisted under section 1484 or 1485 of this title.

(3) Owner

The term "owner" means, with respect to federally assisted housing, the entity or private person (including a cooperative or public housing agency) that has the legal right to lease or sublease dwelling units in such housing.

(Pub. L. 105–276, title V, §579, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2642.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 801 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(D), is section 801 of Pub. L. 101–625.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998, and not as part of subtitles C to F of title VI of Pub. L. 102–550 which comprise this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective and applicable beginning upon Oct. 1, 1999, except as otherwise provided, with provision that Secretary may implement any provision of this section before such date, except to extent otherwise provided, see section 503 of Pub. L. 105–276, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1437 of this title.

1 So in original. No subsec. (b) has been enacted.
42 U.S.C. § 19341 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter VI: MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS / Section 19341: Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and modernization
Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and modernization
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of National Laboratory.

In this section, the term "National Laboratory" means—

(1) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory;

(2) the National Energy Technology Laboratory;

(3) the Idaho National Laboratory;

(4) the Savannah River National Laboratory;

(5) the Sandia National Laboratories;

(6) the Los Alamos National Laboratory; and

(7) the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

(b) Restoration and modernization projects

(1) In general

The Secretary shall fund projects described in paragraph (2) as needed to address the deferred maintenance, critical infrastructure needs, and modernization of National Laboratories.

(2) Projects described

The projects referred to in paragraph (1) are, as determined by the Secretary—

(A) priority deferred maintenance projects at National Laboratories, including facilities sustainment for, upgrade of, and construction of research laboratories, administrative and support buildings, utilities, roads, power plants, and any other critical infrastructure; and

(B) lab modernization projects at National Laboratories, including projects relating to core infrastructure needed—

(i) to support existing and emerging science missions with new and specialized requirements for world-leading scientific user facilities and computing capabilities; and

(ii) to maintain safe, efficient, reliable, and environmentally responsible operations, including pilot projects to demonstrate net-zero emissions with resilient operations.

(3) Approach

In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall use all available approaches and mechanisms, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, including—

(A) capital line items;

(B) minor construction projects;

(C) energy savings performance contracts;

(D) utility energy service contracts;

(E) alternative financing; and

(F) expense funding.

(c) Submission to Congress

For each fiscal year through fiscal year 2027, at the same time as the annual budget submission of the President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a list of projects for which the Secretary will provide funding under this section, including a description of each project and the funding profile for the project.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section $800,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027, of which, in each fiscal year—

(1) $640,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for projects at National Laboratories described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a); and

(2) $160,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for projects at National Laboratories described in paragraphs (5) through (7) of that subsection.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, §10761, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1725.)
42 U.S.C. § 7661e (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 85: AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL / Subchapter V: PERMITS / Section 7661e: Other authorities
Other authorities
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Nothing in this subchapter shall prevent a State, or interstate permitting authority, from establishing additional permitting requirements not inconsistent with this chapter.

(b) Permits implementing acid rain provisions

The provisions of this subchapter, including provisions regarding schedules for submission and approval or disapproval of permit applications, shall apply to permits implementing the requirements of subchapter IV–A except as modified by that subchapter.

(July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title V, §506, as added Pub. L. 101–549, title V, §501, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2645.)
42 U.S.C. § 203 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 203: Organization of Service
Organization of Service
Status: in_force

The Service shall consist of (1) the Office of the Surgeon General, (2) the National Institutes of Health, (3) the Bureau of Medical Services, and 1 (4) the Bureau of State Services, and 2 the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The Secretary is authorized and directed to assign to the Office of the Surgeon General,3 to the National Institutes of Health, to the Bureau of Medical Services, and to the Bureau of State Services, respectively, the several functions of the Service, and to establish within them such divisions, sections, and other units as he may find necessary; and from time to time abolish, transfer, and consolidate divisions, sections, and other units and assign their functions and personnel in such manner as he may find necessary for efficient operation of the Service. No division shall be established, abolished, or transferred, and no divisions shall be consolidated, except with the approval of the Secretary. The National Institutes of Health shall be administered as a part of the field service. The Secretary may delegate to any officer or employee of the Service such of his powers and duties under this chapter, except the making of regulations, as he may deem necessary or expedient.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title II, §202, 58 Stat. 683; June 16, 1948, ch. 481, §6(b), 62 Stat. 469; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 103–43, title XX, §2008(g), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 106–129, §2(b)(2), Dec. 6, 1999, 113 Stat. 1670.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Pub. L. 106–129 substituted "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" for "Agency for Health Care Policy and Research".

1993—Pub. L. 103–43, §2008(g)(2), inserted ", and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research" in first sentence.

Pub. L. 103–43, §2008(g)(1), which directed the amendment of this section by striking "Surgeon General" the second and subsequent times that such term appears and inserting "Secretary", was executed by making the substitution before "is authorized and directed" and before "may delegate to any officer" and by leaving unchanged "Surgeon General" in the phrase "assign to the Office of the Surgeon General" in second sentence, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1948—Act June 16, 1948, substituted "National Institutes of Health" for "National Institute of Health" in cl. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Secretary of Health and Human Services" substituted in text for "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of Title 20, Education.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Bureau of Medical Services, Bureau of State Services, National Institutes of Health, excluding several research Institutes in agency, and Office of Surgeon General abolished by section 3 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, eff. June 25, 1966, 31 F.R. 8855, 80 Stat. 1610, and all functions thereof transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 1 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, set out as a note under section 202 of this title. Office of Surgeon General reestablished within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, see Notice of Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Mar. 30, 1987, 52 F.R. 11754.

Functions of Federal Security Administrator transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and all agencies of Federal Security Agency transferred to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 5 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title. Federal Security Agency and office of Administrator abolished by section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953.

1 So in original. The "and" probably should not appear.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by "(5)".

3 See 1993 Amendment note below.
42 U.S.C. § 14136e (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter IX: STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT / Section 14136e: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 14136e was editorially reclassified as section 40727 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 1320a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 7: SOCIAL SECURITY / Subchapter XI: GENERAL PROVISIONS, PEER REVIEW, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SIMPLIFICATION / Section 1320a: Uniform reporting systems for health services facilities and organizations
Uniform reporting systems for health services facilities and organizations
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment; criteria for regulations; requirements for hospitals

For the purposes of reporting the cost of services provided by, of planning, and of measuring and comparing the efficiency of and effective use of services in, hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities, home health agencies, health maintenance organizations, and other types of health services facilities and organizations to which payment may be made under this chapter, the Secretary shall establish by regulation, for each such type of health services facility or organization, a uniform system for the reporting by a facility or organization of that type of the following information:

(1) The aggregate cost of operation and the aggregate volume of services.

(2) The costs and volume of services for various functional accounts and subaccounts.

(3) Rates, by category of patient and class of purchaser.

(4) Capital assets, as defined by the Secretary, including (as appropriate) capital funds, debt service, lease agreements used in lieu of capital funds, and the value of land, facilities, and equipment.

(5) Discharge and bill data.

The uniform reporting system for a type of health services facility or organization shall provide for appropriate variation in the application of the system to different classes of facilities or organizations within that type and shall be established, to the extent practicable, consistent with the cooperative system for producing comparable and uniform health information and statistics described in section 242k(e)(1) of this title. In reporting under such a system, hospitals shall employ such chart of accounts, definitions, principles, and statistics as the Secretary may prescribe in order to reach a uniform reconciliation of financial and statistical data for specified uniform reports to be provided to the Secretary.

(b) Monitoring, etc., of systems by Secretary

The Secretary shall—

(1) monitor the operation of the systems established under subsection (a);

(2) assist with and support demonstrations and evaluations of the effectiveness and cost of the operation of such systems and encourage State adoption of such systems; and

(3) periodically revise such systems to improve their effectiveness and diminish their cost.

(c) Availability of information to appropriate agencies and organizations

The Secretary shall provide information obtained through use of the uniform reporting systems described in subsection (a) in a useful manner and format to appropriate agencies and organizations, including health systems agencies (designated under section 300l–4 1 of this title) and State health planning and development agencies (designated under section 300m 1 of this title), as may be necessary to carry out such agencies' and organizations' functions.

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XI, §1121, as added Pub. L. 95–142, §19(a), Oct. 25, 1977, 91 Stat. 1203.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 300l–4 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed effective Jan. 1, 1987, by Pub. L. 99–660, title VII, §701(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3799.

Section 300m of this title, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original a reference to section 1521 of act July 1, 1944, which was repealed effective Jan. 1, 1987, by Pub. L. 99–660, title VII, §701(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3799. Pub. L. 101–354, §2, Aug. 10, 1990, 104 Stat. 410, enacted section 1503 of act July 1, 1944, which is classified to section 300m of this title.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1320a, act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XI, §1121, as added Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–248, title II, §250(a), 81 Stat. 920, provided for assistance in the form of institutional services in intermediate care facilities, the subsecs. providing as follows: subsec. (a), modification of certain plans to include such benefit; subsec. (b), eligible individuals; subsec. (c), payments and Federal medical assistance percentage; subsec. (d), conditions, limitations, rights, and obligations applicable to modified plans; and subsec. (e), definition of "intermediate care facility", which is covered in section 1396d(c) of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 92–223, §4(c), Dec. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 810.

Section was additionally amended by Pub. L. 92–603, title II, §278(a)(24), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1453, without reference to the earlier repeal of this section by Pub. L. 92–223.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Time Periods for Establishment of Uniform Reporting Systems; Consultations With Interested Parties

Pub. L. 95–142, §19(c)(1), Oct. 25, 1977, 91 Stat. 1205, directed Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to establish the systems described in subsec. (a) of this section only after consultation with interested parties and for hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and intermediate care facilities, not later than the end of the one year period beginning on Oct. 25, 1977, and for other types of health services facilities and organizations, not later than the end of the two-year period beginning on Oct. 25, 1977.

1 See References in Text note below.
42 U.S.C. § 10343 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 109A: MEMBRANE PROCESSES RESEARCH / Section 10343: Goals of research program
Goals of research program
Status: in_force

The goals of the research program established under section 10342 of this title shall be—

(1) the development of membranes resistant to degradation, bacterial or otherwise, thereby extending the life of such membranes;

(2) the development of membranes useful for the efficient and cost effective treatment of contaminated water; and

(3) the development of innovative technologies for membrane processes.

(Pub. L. 102–490, §4, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3142.)
42 U.S.C. § 12182 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 126: EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND SERVICES OPERATED BY PRIVATE ENTITIES / Section 12182: Prohibition of discrimination by public accommodations
Prohibition of discrimination by public accommodations
Status: in_force

(a) General rule

No individual shall be discriminated against on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public accommodation.

(b) Construction

(1) General prohibition

(A) Activities

(i) Denial of participation

It shall be discriminatory to subject an individual or class of individuals on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly, or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements, to a denial of the opportunity of the individual or class to participate in or benefit from the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations of an entity.

(ii) Participation in unequal benefit

It shall be discriminatory to afford an individual or class of individuals, on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly, or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements with the opportunity to participate in or benefit from a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation that is not equal to that afforded to other individuals.

(iii) Separate benefit

It shall be discriminatory to provide an individual or class of individuals, on the basis of a disability or disabilities of such individual or class, directly, or through contractual, licensing, or other arrangements with a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation that is different or separate from that provided to other individuals, unless such action is necessary to provide the individual or class of individuals with a good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation, or other opportunity that is as effective as that provided to others.

(iv) Individual or class of individuals

For purposes of clauses (i) through (iii) of this subparagraph, the term "individual or class of individuals" refers to the clients or customers of the covered public accommodation that enters into the contractual, licensing or other arrangement.

(B) Integrated settings

Goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations shall be afforded to an individual with a disability in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of the individual.

(C) Opportunity to participate

Notwithstanding the existence of separate or different programs or activities provided in accordance with this section, an individual with a disability shall not be denied the opportunity to participate in such programs or activities that are not separate or different.

(D) Administrative methods

An individual or entity shall not, directly or through contractual or other arrangements, utilize standards or criteria or methods of administration—

(i) that have the effect of discriminating on the basis of disability; or

(ii) that perpetuate the discrimination of others who are subject to common administrative control.

(E) Association

It shall be discriminatory to exclude or otherwise deny equal goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, accommodations, or other opportunities to an individual or entity because of the known disability of an individual with whom the individual or entity is known to have a relationship or association.

(2) Specific prohibitions

(A) Discrimination

For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination includes—

(i) the imposition or application of eligibility criteria that screen out or tend to screen out an individual with a disability or any class of individuals with disabilities from fully and equally enjoying any goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations, unless such criteria can be shown to be necessary for the provision of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations being offered;

(ii) a failure to make reasonable modifications in policies, practices, or procedures, when such modifications are necessary to afford such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations to individuals with disabilities, unless the entity can demonstrate that making such modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations;

(iii) a failure to take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that no individual with a disability is excluded, denied services, segregated or otherwise treated differently than other individuals because of the absence of auxiliary aids and services, unless the entity can demonstrate that taking such steps would fundamentally alter the nature of the good, service, facility, privilege, advantage, or accommodation being offered or would result in an undue burden;

(iv) a failure to remove architectural barriers, and communication barriers that are structural in nature, in existing facilities, and transportation barriers in existing vehicles and rail passenger cars used by an establishment for transporting individuals (not including barriers that can only be removed through the retrofitting of vehicles or rail passenger cars by the installation of a hydraulic or other lift), where such removal is readily achievable; and

(v) where an entity can demonstrate that the removal of a barrier under clause (iv) is not readily achievable, a failure to make such goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations available through alternative methods if such methods are readily achievable.

(B) Fixed route system

(i) Accessibility

It shall be considered discrimination for a private entity which operates a fixed route system and which is not subject to section 12184 of this title to purchase or lease a vehicle with a seating capacity in excess of 16 passengers (including the driver) for use on such system, for which a solicitation is made after the 30th day following the effective date of this subparagraph, that is not readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs.

(ii) Equivalent service

If a private entity which operates a fixed route system and which is not subject to section 12184 of this title purchases or leases a vehicle with a seating capacity of 16 passengers or less (including the driver) for use on such system after the effective date of this subparagraph that is not readily accessible to or usable by individuals with disabilities, it shall be considered discrimination for such entity to fail to operate such system so that, when viewed in its entirety, such system ensures a level of service to individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, equivalent to the level of service provided to individuals without disabilities.

(C) Demand responsive system

For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination includes—

(i) a failure of a private entity which operates a demand responsive system and which is not subject to section 12184 of this title to operate such system so that, when viewed in its entirety, such system ensures a level of service to individuals with disabilities, including individuals who use wheelchairs, equivalent to the level of service provided to individuals without disabilities; and

(ii) the purchase or lease by such entity for use on such system of a vehicle with a seating capacity in excess of 16 passengers (including the driver), for which solicitations are made after the 30th day following the effective date of this subparagraph, that is not readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities (including individuals who use wheelchairs) unless such entity can demonstrate that such system, when viewed in its entirety, provides a level of service to individuals with disabilities equivalent to that provided to individuals without disabilities.

(D) Over-the-road buses

(i) Limitation on applicability

Subparagraphs (B) and (C) do not apply to over-the-road buses.

(ii) Accessibility requirements

For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination includes (I) the purchase or lease of an over-the-road bus which does not comply with the regulations issued under section 12186(a)(2) of this title by a private entity which provides transportation of individuals and which is not primarily engaged in the business of transporting people, and (II) any other failure of such entity to comply with such regulations.

(3) Specific construction

Nothing in this subchapter shall require an entity to permit an individual to participate in or benefit from the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages and accommodations of such entity where such individual poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others. The term "direct threat" means a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by a modification of policies, practices, or procedures or by the provision of auxiliary aids or services.

(Pub. L. 101–336, title III, §302, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 355.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For the effective date of this subparagraph, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), (C)(ii), see section 310 of Pub. L. 101–336, set out as an Effective Date note under section 12181 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 18 months after July 26, 1990, but with subsec. (a) of this section (for purposes of subsec. (b)(2)(B), (C) only) effective July 26, 1990, and with certain qualifications with respect to bringing of civil actions, see section 310 of Pub. L. 101–336, set out as a note under section 12181 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 14322 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 137: MANAGEMENT OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES AND BATTERIES CONTAINING MERCURY / Subchapter II: RECYCLING OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES / Section 14322: Rechargeable consumer products and labeling
Rechargeable consumer products and labeling
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition

(1) In general

No person shall sell for use in the United States a regulated battery that is ready for retail sale or a rechargeable consumer product that is ready for retail sale, if such battery or product was manufactured on or after the date 12 months after May 13, 1996, unless the labeling requirements of subsection (b) are met and, in the case of a regulated battery, the regulated battery—

(A) is easily removable from the rechargeable consumer product; or

(B) is sold separately.

(2) Application

Paragraph (1) does not apply to any of the following:

(A) The sale of a remanufactured product unit unless paragraph (1) applied to the sale of the unit when originally manufactured.

(B) The sale of a product unit intended for export purposes only.

(b) Labeling

Each regulated battery or rechargeable consumer product without an easily removable battery manufactured on or after the date that is 1 year after May 13, 1996, whether produced domestically or imported shall bear the following labels:

(1) 3 chasing arrows or a comparable recycling symbol.

(2)(A) On each regulated battery which is a nickel-cadmium battery, the chemical name or the abbreviation "Ni-Cd" and the phrase "BATTERY MUST BE RECYCLED OR DISPOSED OF PROPERLY.".

(B) On each regulated battery which is a lead-acid battery, "Pb" or the words "LEAD", "RETURN", and "RECYCLE" and if the regulated battery is sealed, the phrase "BATTERY MUST BE RECYCLED.".

(3) On each rechargeable consumer product containing a regulated battery that is not easily removable, the phrase "CONTAINS NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERY. BATTERY MUST BE RECYCLED OR DISPOSED OF PROPERLY." or "CONTAINS SEALED LEAD BATTERY. BATTERY MUST BE RECYCLED.", as applicable.

(4) On the packaging of each rechargeable consumer product, and the packaging of each regulated battery sold separately from such a product, unless the required label is clearly visible through the packaging, the phrase "CONTAINS NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERY. BATTERY MUST BE RECYCLED OR DISPOSED OF PROPERLY." or "CONTAINS SEALED LEAD BATTERY. BATTERY MUST BE RECYCLED.", as applicable.

(c) Existing or alternative labeling

(1) Initial period

For a period of 2 years after May 13, 1996, regulated batteries, rechargeable consumer products containing regulated batteries, and rechargeable consumer product packages that are labeled in substantial compliance with subsection (b) shall be deemed to comply with the labeling requirements of subsection (b).

(2) Certification

(A) In general

On application by persons subject to the labeling requirements of subsection (b) or the labeling requirements promulgated by the Administrator under subsection (d), the Administrator shall certify that a different label meets the requirements of subsection (b) or (d), respectively, if the different label—

(i) conveys the same information as the label required under subsection (b) or (d), respectively; or

(ii) conforms with a recognized international standard that is consistent with the overall purposes of this subchapter.

(B) Constructive certification

Failure of the Administrator to object to an application under subparagraph (A) on the ground that a different label does not meet either of the conditions described in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii) within 120 days after the date on which the application is made shall constitute certification for the purposes of this chapter.

(d) Rulemaking authority of Administrator

(1) In general

If the Administrator determines that other rechargeable batteries having electrode chemistries different from regulated batteries are toxic and may cause substantial harm to human health and the environment if discarded into the solid waste stream for land disposal or incineration, the Administrator may, with the advice and counsel of State regulatory authorities and manufacturers of rechargeable batteries and rechargeable consumer products, and after public comment—

(A) promulgate labeling requirements for the batteries with different electrode chemistries, rechargeable consumer products containing such batteries that are not easily removable batteries, and packaging for the batteries and products; and

(B) promulgate requirements for easy removability of regulated batteries from rechargeable consumer products designed to contain such batteries.

(2) Substantial similarity

The regulations promulgated under paragraph (1) shall be substantially similar to the requirements set forth in subsections (a) and (b).

(e) Uniformity

After the effective dates of a requirement set forth in subsection (a), (b), or (c) or a regulation promulgated by the Administrator under subsection (d), no Federal agency, State, or political subdivision of a State may enforce any easy removability or environmental labeling requirement for a rechargeable battery or rechargeable consumer product that is not identical to the requirement or regulation.

(f) Exemptions

(1) In general

With respect to any rechargeable consumer product, any person may submit an application to the Administrator for an exemption from the requirements of subsection (a) in accordance with the procedures under paragraph (2). The application shall include the following information:

(A) A statement of the specific basis for the request for the exemption.

(B) The name, business address, and telephone number of the applicant.

(2) Granting of exemption

Not later than 60 days after receipt of an application under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall approve or deny the application. On approval of the application the Administrator shall grant an exemption to the applicant. The exemption shall be issued for a period of time that the Administrator determines to be appropriate, except that the period shall not exceed 2 years. The Administrator shall grant an exemption on the basis of evidence supplied to the Administrator that the manufacturer has been unable to commence manufacturing the rechargeable consumer product in compliance with the requirements of this section and with an equivalent level of product performance without the product—

(A) posing a threat to human health, safety, or the environment; or

(B) violating requirements for approvals from governmental agencies or widely recognized private standard-setting organizations (including Underwriters Laboratories).

(3) Renewal of exemption

A person granted an exemption under paragraph (2) may apply for a renewal of the exemption in accordance with the requirements and procedures described in paragraphs (1) and (2). The Administrator may grant a renewal of such an exemption for a period of not more than 2 years after the date of the granting of the renewal.

(Pub. L. 104–142, title I, §103, May 13, 1996, 110 Stat. 1332.)
42 U.S.C. § 14665 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 140A: JENNIFER'S LAW / Section 14665: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 14665 was editorially reclassified as section 40504 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 10167 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 108: NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY / Subchapter I: DISPOSAL AND STORAGE OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE, SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL, AND LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE / Section 10167: Benefits agreement
Benefits agreement
Status: in_force

Once selection of a site for a monitored retrievable storage facility is made by the Secretary under section 10165 of this title, the Indian tribe on whose reservation the site is located, or, in the case that the site is not located on a reservation, the State in which the site is located, shall be eligible to enter into a benefits agreement with the Secretary under section 10173 of this title.

(Pub. L. 97–425, title I, §147, as added Pub. L. 100–202, §101(d) [title III, §300], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–104, 1329–121; Pub. L. 100–203, title V, §5021, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–235.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 100–202 and Pub. L. 100–203 added identical sections.
42 U.S.C. § 252 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter II: GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES / Section 252: Medical examination of aliens
Medical examination of aliens
Status: in_force

The Surgeon General shall provide for making, at places within the United States or in other countries, such physical and mental examinations of aliens as are required by the immigration laws, subject to administrative regulations prescribed by the Attorney General and medical regulations prescribed by the Surgeon General with the approval of the Secretary.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, §325, 58 Stat. 697; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Secretary of Health and Human Services" substituted in text for "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of Title 20, Education.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Office of Surgeon General abolished by section 3 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, eff. June 25, 1966, 31 F.R. 8855, 80 Stat. 1610, and functions thereof transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 1 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, set out as a note under section 202 of this title. Office of Surgeon General reestablished within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, see Notice of Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Mar. 30, 1987, 52 F.R. 11754.

Functions of Federal Security Administrator transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and all agencies of Federal Security Agency transferred to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 5 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title. Federal Security Agency and office of Administrator abolished by section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953.
42 U.S.C. § 5052 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 66: DOMESTIC VOLUNTEER SERVICES / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION / Section 5052: Suspension and termination of financial assistance; procedures; notice and hearing; emergency situations; refunding applications
Suspension and termination of financial assistance; procedures; notice and hearing; emergency situations; refunding applications
Status: in_force

(a) The Director is authorized, in accordance with the provisions of this section, to suspend further payments or to terminate payments under any contract or grant providing assistance under this chapter, whenever the Director determines there is a material failure to comply with the applicable terms and conditions of any such grant or contract. The Director shall prescribe procedures to insure that—

(1) assistance under this chapter shall not be suspended for failure to comply with applicable terms and conditions, except in emergency situations for thirty days;

(2) an application for refunding under this chapter may not be denied unless the recipient has been given (A) notice at least 75 days before the denial of such application of the possibility of such denial and the grounds for any such denial, and (B) opportunity to show cause why such action should not be taken;

(3) in any case where an application for refunding is denied for failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the grant or contract award, the recipient shall be afforded an opportunity for an informal hearing before an impartial hearing officer, who has been agreed to by the recipient and the Agency; and

(4) assistance under this chapter shall not be terminated for failure to comply with applicable terms and conditions unless the recipient has been afforded reasonable notice and opportunity for a full and fair hearing.

(b) In order to assure equal access to all recipients, such hearings or other meetings as may be necessary to fulfill the requirements of this section shall be held at locations convenient to the recipient agency.

(Pub. L. 93–113, title IV, §412, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 98–288, §22, May 21, 1984, 98 Stat. 195; Pub. L. 99–551, §10(i)(8), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3078.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394, known as the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–551 substituted "the Director" for "he" before "determines" in first sentence.

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–288 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted a semicolon for "nor shall an application for refunding under this chapter be denied, unless the recipient has been given reasonable notice and opportunity to show why such action should not be taken; and" in par. (1), added pars. (2) and (3), redesignated former par. (2) as (4), and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–551 effective Oct. 1, 1986, except as otherwise provided, see section 11 of Pub. L. 99–551, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4950 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 13801 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter II: CRIME PREVENTION / Section 13801: Repealed. Pub. L. 109-162, title XI, §1154(b)(2), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3113
Repealed. Pub. L. 109-162, title XI, §1154(b)(2), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3113
Status: repealed

Section 13801, Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §30701, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1855, provided grant authority to the Attorney General to support the development and operation of projects to provide residential services to delinquent and at-risk youth.

Section 13802, Pub. L. 103–322, title III, §30702, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1856, authorized appropriations.
42 U.S.C. § 1395ee (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 7: SOCIAL SECURITY / Subchapter XVIII: HEALTH INSURANCE FOR AGED AND DISABLED / Section 1395ee: Practicing Physicians Advisory Council; Council for Technology and Innovation
Practicing Physicians Advisory Council; Council for Technology and Innovation
Status: in_force

(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 111–148, title III, §3134(b)(2), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 435

(b) Council for Technology and Innovation

(1) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish a Council for Technology and Innovation within the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (in this section referred to as "CMS").

(2) Composition

The Council shall be composed of senior CMS staff and clinicians and shall be chaired by the Executive Coordinator for Technology and Innovation (appointed or designated under paragraph (4)).

(3) Duties

The Council shall coordinate the activities of coverage, coding, and payment processes under this subchapter with respect to new technologies and procedures, including new drug therapies, and shall coordinate the exchange of information on new technologies between CMS and other entities that make similar decisions.

(4) Executive Coordinator for Technology and Innovation

The Secretary shall appoint (or designate) a noncareer appointee (as defined in section 3132(a)(7) of title 5) who shall serve as the Executive Coordinator for Technology and Innovation. Such executive coordinator shall report to the Administrator of CMS, shall chair the Council, shall oversee the execution of its duties, and shall serve as a single point of contact for outside groups and entities regarding the coverage, coding, and payment processes under this subchapter.

(c) Physician-focused payment models

(1) Technical Advisory Committee

(A) Establishment

There is established an ad hoc committee to be known as the "Physician-Focused Payment Model Technical Advisory Committee" (referred to in this subsection as the "Committee").

(B) Membership

(i) Number and appointment

The Committee shall be composed of 11 members appointed by the Comptroller General of the United States.

(ii) Qualifications

The membership of the Committee shall include individuals with national recognition for their expertise in physician-focused payment models and related delivery of care. No more than 5 members of the Committee shall be providers of services or suppliers, or representatives of providers of services or suppliers.

(iii) Prohibition on Federal employment

A member of the Committee shall not be an employee of the Federal Government.

(iv) Ethics disclosure

The Comptroller General shall establish a system for public disclosure by members of the Committee of financial and other potential conflicts of interest relating to such members. Members of the Committee shall be treated as employees of Congress for purposes of applying subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5.

(v) Date of initial appointments

The initial appointments of members of the Committee shall be made by not later than 180 days after April 16, 2015.

(C) Term; vacancies

(i) Term

The terms of members of the Committee shall be for 3 years except that the Comptroller General shall designate staggered terms for the members first appointed.

(ii) Vacancies

Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A member may serve after the expiration of that member's term until a successor has taken office. A vacancy in the Committee shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.

(D) Duties

The Committee shall meet, as needed, to provide comments and recommendations to the Secretary, as described in paragraph (2)(C), on physician-focused payment models.

(E) Compensation of members

(i) In general

Except as provided in clause (ii), a member of the Committee shall serve without compensation.

(ii) Travel expenses

A member of the Committee shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for an employee of an agency under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5 while away from the home or regular place of business of the member in the performance of the duties of the Committee.

(F) Operational and technical support

(i) In general

The Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation shall provide technical and operational support for the Committee, which may be by use of a contractor. The Office of the Actuary of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services shall provide to the Committee actuarial assistance as needed.

(ii) Funding

The Secretary shall provide for the transfer, from the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund under section 1395t of this title, such amounts as are necessary to carry out this paragraph (not to exceed $5,000,000) for fiscal year 2015 and each subsequent fiscal year. Any amounts transferred under the preceding sentence for a fiscal year shall remain available until expended.

(G) Application

Section 1013 of title 5 shall not apply to the Committee.

(2) Criteria and process for submission and review of physician-focused payment models

(A) Criteria for assessing physician-focused payment models

(i) Rulemaking

Not later than November 1, 2016, the Secretary shall, through notice and comment rulemaking, following a request for information, establish criteria for physician-focused payment models, including models for specialist physicians, that could be used by the Committee for making comments and recommendations pursuant to paragraph (1)(D).

(ii) MedPAC submission of comments

During the comment period for the proposed rule described in clause (i), the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission may submit comments to the Secretary on the proposed criteria under such clause.

(iii) Updating

The Secretary may update the criteria established under this subparagraph through rulemaking.

(B) Stakeholder submission of physician-focused payment models

On an ongoing basis, individuals and stakeholder entities may submit to the Committee proposals for physician-focused payment models that such individuals and entities believe meet the criteria described in subparagraph (A).

(C) Committee review of models submitted

The Committee, on a periodic basis—

(i) shall review models submitted under subparagraph (B);

(ii) may provide individuals and stakeholder entities who submitted such models with—

(I) initial feedback on such models regarding the extent to which such models meet the criteria described in subparagraph (A); and

(II) an explanation of the basis for the feedback provided under subclause (I); and

(iii) shall prepare comments and recommendations regarding whether such models meet the criteria described in subparagraph (A) and submit such comments and recommendations to the Secretary.

(D) Secretary review and response

The Secretary shall review the comments and recommendations submitted by the Committee under subparagraph (C) and post a detailed response to such comments and recommendations on the Internet website of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

(3) Rule of construction

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to impact the development or testing of models under this subchapter or subchapters XI, XIX, or XXI.

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XVIII, §1868, as added Pub. L. 101–508, title IV, §4112, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–64; amended Pub. L. 108–173, title IX, §942(a), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2420; Pub. L. 111–148, title III, §3134(b)(2), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 435; Pub. L. 114–10, title I, §101(e)(1), Apr. 16, 2015, 129 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 115–123, div. E, title X, §51003(b), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 295; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(255), (c)(42), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4334, 4359.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1395ee, act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XVIII, §1868, as added July 30, 1965, Pub. L. 89–97, title I, §102(a), 79 Stat. 329, provided for creation of a National Medical Review Committee, functions of such Committee, including submission of annual reports to the Secretary and Congress, employment of technical assistance, and for availability of assistance and data, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 90–248, title I, §164(c), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 874.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(42), substituted "subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5." for "title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–521)."

Subsec. (c)(1)(G). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(255), substituted "Section 1013 of title 5" for "Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.)".

2018—Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–123 amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Committee shall, on a periodic basis, review models submitted under subparagraph (B), prepare comments and recommendations regarding whether such models meet the criteria described in subparagraph (A), and submit such comments and recommendations to the Secretary."

2015—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–10 added subsec. (c).

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–148 struck out subsec. (a) which related to the Practicing Physicians Advisory Council.

2003—Pub. L. 108–173, §942(a)(1), inserted "; Council for Technology and Innovation" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–173, §942(a)(2)–(4), inserted subsec. heading, redesignated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "in this subsection" for "in this section", and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as pars. (2) and (3), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–173, §942(a)(5), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated par. (2) of subsec. (a).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–173, §942(a)(4), redesignated subsec. (c) as par. (3) of subsec. (a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Councils

Advisory councils established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
42 U.S.C. § 13101 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 133: POLLUTION PREVENTION / Section 13101: Findings and policy
Findings and policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds that:

(1) The United States of America annually produces millions of tons of pollution and spends tens of billions of dollars per year controlling this pollution.

(2) There are significant opportunities for industry to reduce or prevent pollution at the source through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use. Such changes offer industry substantial savings in reduced raw material, pollution control, and liability costs as well as help protect the environment and reduce risks to worker health and safety.

(3) The opportunities for source reduction are often not realized because existing regulations, and the industrial resources they require for compliance, focus upon treatment and disposal, rather than source reduction; existing regulations do not emphasize multi-media management of pollution; and businesses need information and technical assistance to overcome institutional barriers to the adoption of source reduction practices.

(4) Source reduction is fundamentally different and more desirable than waste management and pollution control. The Environmental Protection Agency needs to address the historical lack of attention to source reduction.

(5) As a first step in preventing pollution through source reduction, the Environmental Protection Agency must establish a source reduction program which collects and disseminates information, provides financial assistance to States, and implements the other activities provided for in this chapter.

(b) Policy

The Congress hereby declares it to be the national policy of the United States that pollution should be prevented or reduced at the source whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented should be recycled in an environmentally safe manner, whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an environmentally safe manner whenever feasible; and disposal or other release into the environment should be employed only as a last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe manner.

(Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, §6602, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–321.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle F (§§6501, 6601–6610) of title VI, Pub. L. 101–508, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of subtitle F to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 101–508, title VI, §6601, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–321, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle F (§§6501, 6601–6610) of title VI of Pub. L. 101–508, enacting this chapter and section 4370c of this title] may be cited as the 'Pollution Prevention Act of 1990'."
42 U.S.C. § 1961 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 19A: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH PROGRAM / Section 1961: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-467, title IV, §410(a), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1316
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-467, title IV, §410(a), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1316
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 88–379, §1(b), July 17, 1964, 78 Stat. 329, set out Congressional purpose in enacting water resources research program legislation. See section 7802 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–379, §1(a), July 17, 1964, 78 Stat. 329, provided that Pub. L. 88–379, which enacted sections 1961 to 1961c–8, may be cited as the "Water Resources Research Act of 1964", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–467, title IV, §410(a), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1316.
42 U.S.C. § 2401 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 25: FEDERAL FLOOD INSURANCE / Section 2401: Repealed. Pub. L. 90-448, title XIII, §1303(c), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 573
Repealed. Pub. L. 90-448, title XIII, §1303(c), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 573
Status: repealed

Section 2401, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §2, 70 Stat. 1078, related to findings and declaration of purpose of this chapter.

Section 2402, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §3, 70 Stat. 1078, provided for administration of this chapter, appointment and compensation of a Commissioner, financial control, and accounting and audit.

Section 2403, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §4, 70 Stat. 1079, authorized insurance and reinsurance.

Section 2404, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §5, 70 Stat. 1080, authorized loans and prescribed their terms.

Section 2405, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §6, 70 Stat. 1080, provided for a combination of insurance and loans.

Section 2406, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §7, 70 Stat. 1080, required establishment of a schedule of estimated rates and fees.

Section 2407, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §8, 70 Stat. 1081, related to property and loss limits.

Section 2408, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §9, 70 Stat. 1081, related to classification, limitation or rejection of risks.

Section 2409, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §10, 70 Stat. 1081, prescribed policy and program limits.

Section 2410, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §11, 70 Stat. 1082, authorized reinsurance.

Section 2411, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §12, 70 Stat. 1082, related to availability of insurance from other sources, violations of flood zoning laws, and flood zoning restrictions to reduce damages from floods.

Section 2412, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §13, 70 Stat. 1082, provided for use of other public and private facilities and services, information, coordination of programs and consultations.

Section 2413, act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §14, 70 Stat. 1083, related to payment of claims and judicial review.

See section 4001 et seq. of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective 120 days following Aug. 1, 1968, or such later date prescribed by the Secretary but in no event more than 180 days following Aug. 1, 1968, see section 1377 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4001 of this title.

Separability

Act Aug. 7, 1956, ch. 1025, §23, 70 Stat. 1086, which provided that the invalidity of any provision of act Aug. 7, 1956, or its application, should not affect the remainder thereof, was repealed by Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, §1303(c), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 573.
42 U.S.C. § 6946 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 82: SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL / Subchapter IV: STATE OR REGIONAL SOLID WASTE PLANS / Section 6946: Procedure for development and implementation of State plan
Procedure for development and implementation of State plan
Status: in_force

(a) Identification of regions

Within one hundred and eighty days after publication of guidelines under section 6942(a) of this title (relating to identification of regions), the Governor of each State, after consultation with local elected officials, shall promulgate regulations based on such guidelines identifying the boundaries of each area within the State which, as a result of urban concentrations, geographic conditions, markets, and other factors, is appropriate for carrying out regional solid waste management. Such regulations may be modified from time to time (identifying additional or different regions) pursuant to such guidelines.

(b) Identification of State and local agencies and responsibilities

(1) Within one hundred and eighty days after the Governor promulgates regulations under subsection (a), for purposes of facilitating the development and implementation of a State plan which will meet the minimum requirements of section 6943 of this title, the State, together with appropriate elected officials of general purpose units of local government, shall jointly (A) identify an agency to develop the State plan and identify one or more agencies to implement such plan, and (B) identify which solid waste management activities will, under such State plan, be planned for and carried out by the State and which such management activities will, under such State plan, be planned for and carried out by a regional or local authority or a combination of regional or local and State authorities. If a multi-functional regional agency authorized by State law to conduct solid waste planning and management (the members of which are appointed by the Governor) is in existence on October 21, 1976, the Governor shall identify such authority for purposes of carrying out within such region clause (A) of this paragraph. Where feasible, designation of the agency for the affected area designated under section 1288 of title 33 shall be considered. A State agency identified under this paragraph shall be established or designated by the Governor of such State. Local or regional agencies identified under this paragraph shall be composed of individuals at least a majority of whom are elected local officials.

(2) If planning and implementation agencies are not identified and designated or established as required under paragraph (1) for any affected area, the governor shall, before the date two hundred and seventy days after promulgation of regulations under subsection (a), establish or designate a State agency to develop and implement the State plan for such area.

(c) Interstate regions

(1) In the case of any region which, pursuant to the guidelines published by the Administrator under section 6942(a) of this title (relating to identification of regions), would be located in two or more States, the Governors of the respective States, after consultation with local elected officials, shall consult, cooperate, and enter into agreements identifying the boundaries of such region pursuant to subsection (a).

(2) Within one hundred and eighty days after an interstate region is identified by agreement under paragraph (1), appropriate elected officials of general purpose units of local government within such region shall jointly establish or designate an agency to develop a plan for such region. If no such agency is established or designated within such period by such officials, the Governors of the respective States may, by agreement, establish or designate for such purpose a single representative organization including elected officials of general purpose units of local government within such region.

(3) Implementation of interstate regional solid waste management plans shall be conducted by units of local government for any portion of a region within their jurisdiction, or by multijurisdictional agencies or authorities designated in accordance with State law, including those designated by agreement by such units of local government for such purpose. If no such unit, agency, or authority is so designated, the respective Governors shall designate or establish a single interstate agency to implement such plan.

(4) For purposes of this subchapter, so much of an interstate regional plan as is carried out within a particular State shall be deemed part of the State plan for such State.

(Pub. L. 89–272, title II, §4006, as added Pub. L. 94–580, §2, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2816; amended Pub. L. 96–482, §19(b), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2345.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 19(b) of Pub. L. 96–482 amended section 6945 of this title.

Amendments

1980—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96–482 substituted "management activities" for "functions" in two places.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of certain enforcement functions of Administrator or other official of Environmental Protection Agency under this chapter to Federal Inspector, Office of Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, and subsequent transfer to Secretary of Energy, then to Federal Coordinator for Alaska Natural Gas Transportation Projects, see note set out under section 6903 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 2992c (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 34: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM / Subchapter VIII: NATIVE AMERICAN PROGRAMS / Section 2992c: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter, the term—

(1) "average" means the aggregate number of hours of instruction through the use of a Native American language to all students enrolled in a native language immersion program during a school year divided by the total number of students enrolled in the immersion program;

(2) "financial assistance" includes assistance advanced by grant, agreement, or contract, but does not include the procurement of plant or equipment, or goods or services;

(3) "Indian reservation or Alaska Native village" includes the reservation of any federally or State recognized Indian Tribe, including any band, nation, pueblo, or rancheria, any former reservation in Oklahoma, and community under the jurisdiction of an Indian Tribe, including a band, nation, pueblo, or rancheria, with allotted lands or lands subject to a restriction against alienation imposed by the United States or a State, and any lands of or under the jurisdiction of an Alaska Native village or group, including any lands selected by Alaska Natives or Alaska Native organizations under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act [43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.];

(4) "Native Hawaiian" means any individual any of whose ancestors were natives of the area which consists of the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778;

(5) the term "rule" has the meaning given it in section 551(4) of title 5, as amended from time to time;

(6) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health and Human Services; and

(7) the term "Native American Pacific Islander" means an individual who is indigenous to a United States territory or possession located in the Pacific Ocean, and includes such individual while residing in the United States.

(Pub. L. 88–452, title VIII, §815, formerly §813, as added Pub. L. 93–644, §11, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2327; amended Pub. L. 98–558, title X, §1004, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2906; renumbered §815 and amended Pub. L. 100–175, title V, §§502(2), 503(b), Nov. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 973, 975; Pub. L. 102–375, title VIII, §822(21), Sept. 30, 1992, 106 Stat. 1300; Pub. L. 102–497, §9(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3257; Pub. L. 103–171, §5(6), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1992; Pub. L. 109–394, §3, Dec. 14, 2006, 120 Stat. 2707; Pub. L. 116–261, §5(d)(1), Dec. 30, 2020, 134 Stat. 3314.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in par. (3), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.

Amendments

2020—Par. (3). Pub. L. 116–261 substituted "Tribe" for "tribe" in two places.

2006—Pub. L. 109–394 added par. (1) and redesignated former pars. (1) to (6) as (2) to (7), respectively.

1993—Par. (2). Pub. L. 103–171, §5(6)(A), substituted "selected by Alaska Natives" for "selected by Alaskan Natives".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 103–171, §5(6)(B), inserted semicolon at end.

1992—Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–375 substituted "Alaska Native village" for "Alaskan Native village" in two places and "Alaska Native organizations" for "Alaskan Native organizations".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 102–497 added par. (6).

1987—Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 100–175, §503(b), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

1984—Par. (4). Pub. L. 98–558 added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–175 effective Oct. 1, 1987, see section 701(a) of Pub. L. 100–175, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 19059 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter III: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE / Section 19059: Sustainable chemistry research and education
Sustainable chemistry research and education
Status: in_force

In accordance with section 9303 of title 15, the Director shall carry out activities in support of sustainable chemistry, including—

(1) establishing a program to make awards, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support—

(A) individual investigators and teams of investigators, including to the extent practicable, early career investigators for research and development;

(B) collaborative research and development partnerships among universities, industry, and non-profit organizations;

(C) integrating sustainable chemistry principles into elementary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate chemistry and chemical engineering curriculum and research training, as appropriate to that level of education and training; and

(2) incorporating sustainable chemistry into existing Foundation research and development programs.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III, §10350, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1560.)
42 U.S.C. § 4372 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 56: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT / Section 4372: Office of Environmental Quality
Office of Environmental Quality
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment; Director; Deputy Director

There is established in the Executive Office of the President an office to be known as the Office of Environmental Quality (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the "Office"). The Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality established by Public Law 91–190 shall be the Director of the Office. There shall be in the Office a Deputy Director who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(b) Compensation of Deputy Director

The compensation of the Deputy Director shall be fixed by the President at a rate not in excess of the annual rate of compensation payable to the Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(c) Employment of personnel, experts, and consultants; compensation

The Director is authorized to employ such officers and employees (including experts and consultants) as may be necessary to enable the Office to carry out its functions under this chapter and Public Law 91–190, except that he may employ no more than ten specialists and other experts without regard to the provisions of title 5, governing appointments in the competitive service, and pay such specialists and experts without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, but no such specialist or expert shall be paid at a rate in excess of the maximum rate for GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5.

(d) Duties and functions of Director

In carrying out his functions the Director shall assist and advise the President on policies and programs of the Federal Government affecting environmental quality by—

(1) providing the professional and administrative staff and support for the Council on Environmental Quality established by Public Law 91–190;

(2) assisting the Federal agencies and departments in appraising the effectiveness of existing and proposed facilities, programs, policies, and activities of the Federal Government, and those specific major projects designated by the President which do not require individual project authorization by Congress, which affect environmental quality;

(3) reviewing the adequacy of existing systems for monitoring and predicting environmental changes in order to achieve effective coverage and efficient use of research facilities and other resources;

(4) promoting the advancement of scientific knowledge of the effects of actions and technology on the environment and encourage 1 the development of the means to prevent or reduce adverse effects that endanger the health and well-being of man;

(5) assisting in coordinating among the Federal departments and agencies those programs and activities which affect, protect, and improve environmental quality;

(6) assisting the Federal departments and agencies in the development and interrelationship of environmental quality criteria and standards established through the Federal Government;

(7) collecting, collating, analyzing, and interpreting data and information on environmental quality, ecological research, and evaluation.

(e) Authority of Director to contract

The Director is authorized to contract with public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations and with individuals without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31 and section 6101 of title 41 in carrying out his functions.

(Pub. L. 91–224, title II, §203, Apr. 3, 1970, 84 Stat. 114; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §102, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Public Law 91–190, referred to in subsecs. (a), (c), and (d), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, known as the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of this title and Tables.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c), is set out under section 5332 of Title 5.

Codification

In subsec. (e), "section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31 and section 6101 of title 41" substituted for "sections 3648 and 3709 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529; 41 U.S.C. 5)" on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, which Act enacted Title 31, Money and Finance, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates

References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by law (including reorganization plan) in Bureau of the Budget or Director of Bureau of the Budget transferred to President by section 101 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 102 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, redesignated Bureau of the Budget as Office of Management and Budget.

1 So in original. Probably should be "encouraging".
42 U.S.C. § 1997f (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 21: CIVIL RIGHTS / Subchapter I: GENERALLY / Section 1997f: Report to Congress
Report to Congress
Status: in_force

The Attorney General shall include in the report to Congress on the business of the Department of Justice prepared pursuant to section 522 of title 28—

(1) a statement of the number, variety, and outcome of all actions instituted pursuant to this subchapter including the history of, precise reasons for, and procedures followed in initiation or intervention in each case in which action was commenced;

(2) a detailed explanation of the procedures by which the Department has received, reviewed and evaluated petitions or complaints regarding conditions in institutions;

(3) an analysis of the impact of actions instituted pursuant to this subchapter, including, when feasible, an estimate of the costs incurred by States and other political subdivisions;

(4) a statement of the financial, technical, or other assistance which has been made available from the United States to the State in order to assist in the correction of the conditions which are alleged to have deprived a person of rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States; and

(5) the progress made in each Federal institution toward meeting existing promulgated standards for such institutions or constitutionally guaranteed minima.

(Pub. L. 96–247, §8, May 23, 1980, 94 Stat. 353; Pub. L. 97–256, title II, §201(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title VIII, §803(e)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–73; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–134 substituted "the report" for "his report" in introductory provisions.

1982—Pub. L. 97–256 substituted "Attorney General" for "Attorney".
42 U.S.C. § 15423 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 146: ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IMPROVEMENT / Subchapter II: COMMISSION / Section 15423: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 15423 was editorially reclassified as section 21023 of Title 52, Voting and Elections.
42 U.S.C. § 15204 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 145: PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICER MEDAL OF VALOR AND TRIBUTES / Section 15204: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Public safety officer

The term "public safety officer" means a person serving a public agency, with or without compensation, as a firefighter, law enforcement officer, or emergency services officer, as determined by the Attorney General. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term "law enforcement officer" includes a person who is a corrections or court officer or a civil defense officer.

(2) State

The term "State" means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Pub. L. 107–12, §5, May 30, 2001, 115 Stat. 22.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in introductory provisions, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 107–12, May. 30, 2001, 115 Stat. 20, known as the Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor Act of 2001, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15201 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 6701 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 80: PUBLIC WORKS EMPLOYMENT / Subchapter I: LOCAL PUBLIC WORKS / Section 6701: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter, the term—

(1) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Economic Development Administration.

(2) "State" includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(3) "local government" means any city, county, town, parish, or other political subdivision of a State, and any Indian tribe.

(4) "public works project" includes a project for the transportation and provision of water to a drought-stricken area.

(Pub. L. 94–369, title I, §102, July 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 999; Pub. L. 95–28, title I, §102, May 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 116.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1977—Par. (2). Pub. L. 95–28, §102(a), inserted reference to Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 95–28, §102(b), added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1977 Amendments

Pub. L. 95–30, title VI, §601, May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 164, provided that: "This title [enacting section 6736 of this title, amending sections 6722 to 6724, 6727, and 6735 of this title, and repealing section 6726 of this title] may be cited as the 'Intergovernmental Antirecession Assistance Act of 1977'."

Pub. L. 95–28, title I, §101, May 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 116, provided that: "This title [amending sections 6701, 6705 to 6708, and 6710 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6701 and 6710 of this title] may be cited as the 'Public Works Employment Act of 1977'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 94–369, §1, July 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 999, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter and provision set out as a note under section 1287 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters] may be cited as the 'Public Works Employment Act of 1976'."

Pub. L. 94–369, title I, §101, July 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 999, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Local Public Works Capital Development and Investment Act of 1976'."

Public Works Investment Study; Preliminary Report; Final Report Within 18 Months After May 13, 1977

Pub. L. 95–28, title I, §110, May 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 119, directed Secretary of Commerce to study public works investment in United States and implications for future of recent trends in such investment and submit a report with respect to its findings and recommendations no later than 18 months after May 13, 1977.

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
42 U.S.C. § 6615b (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 79: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY, ORGANIZATION AND PRIORITIES / Subchapter II: OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY / Section 6615b: Quadrennial science and technology review
Quadrennial science and technology review
Status: in_force

(a) Requirements

(1) Quadrennial reviews required

Not later than December 31, 2023, and every four years thereafter, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall complete a review of the science and technology enterprise of the United States (in this section referred to as the "quadrennial science and technology review").

(2) Scope

The quadrennial science and technology review shall be a comprehensive examination of the science and technology strategy of the United States, including recommendations for maintaining global leadership in science and technology and advancing science and technology to address the societal and national challenges and guidance regarding the coordination of programs, assets, capabilities, budget, policies, and authorities across all Federal research and development programs.

(3) Consultation

The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall conduct each quadrennial science and technology review in consultation with the following:

(A) The National Science and Technology Council.

(B) The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

(C) The National Science Board.

(D) The National Security Council.

(E) The heads of other relevant Federal agencies.

(F) Other relevant governmental and nongovernmental entities, including representatives from industry, institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, Members of Congress, and other policy experts.

(4) Coordination

The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall ensure that each quadrennial science and technology review is coordinated with other relevant statutorily required reviews, and to the maximum extent practicable incorporates information and recommendations from existing reviews to avoid duplication.

(b) Contents

In each quadrennial science and technology review, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall—

(1) provide an integrated view of, and recommendations for, science and technology policy across the Federal Government, while considering economic and national security and other societal and national challenges;

(2) assess and recommend priorities for research, development, and demonstration programs to maintain United States leadership in science and technology, including in manufacturing and industrial innovation;

(3) assess and recommend priorities for research, development, and demonstration programs to address societal and national challenges;

(4) assess the global competition in science and technology and identify potential threats to the leadership of the United States in science and technology and opportunities for international collaboration;

(5) assess and make recommendations on the science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science workforce of the United States;

(6) assess and make recommendations to improve regional innovation across the United States;

(7) identify and assess sectors critical for the long-term resilience of United States innovation leadership across design, manufacturing, supply chains, and markets;

(8) assess and make recommendations to improve translation of basic and applied research and the enhancement of technology transfer of federally funded research;

(9) identify, assess, and make recommendations to address science and technology gaps that would not be met without Federal investment;

(10) review administrative and legislative policies and funding opportunities that affect private sector science and technology activities, and identify and make recommendations regarding policies that maintain and grow the participation and competitiveness of small- and medium-sized businesses;

(11) assess and identify the infrastructure and tools needed to maintain the leadership of the United States in science and technology and address other societal and national challenges; and

(12) review administrative or legislative policies that affect the science and technology enterprise and identify and make recommendations regarding policies that hinder research and development in the United States.

(c) Reporting

(1) In general

Not later than December 31 of the year in which a quadrennial science and technology review is conducted, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall submit to Congress a report relating to such review.

(2) Publication

The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, consistent with the protection of national security and other sensitive matters to the maximum extent practicable, make each report submitted under paragraph (1) publicly available on an internet website of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Each report may include a classified annex if the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy determines such appropriate.

(d) Termination

This section shall terminate on the date that is ten years after August 9, 2022.

(Pub. L. 94–282, title II, §206B, as added Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, §10613, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1640.)
42 U.S.C. § 8262c (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 91: NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICY / Subchapter III: FEDERAL ENERGY INITIATIVE / Section 8262c: Federal agency energy management training
Federal agency energy management training
Status: in_force

(a) Energy management training

(1) Each executive department described under section 101 of title 5, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the General Services Administration, and the United States Postal Service shall establish and maintain a program to ensure that facility energy managers are trained energy managers. Such programs shall be managed—

(A) by the department or agency representative on the Task Force; or

(B) if a department or agency is not represented on the Task Force, by the designee of the head of such department or agency.

(2) Departments and agencies described in paragraph (1) shall encourage appropriate employees to participate in energy manager training courses. Employees may enroll in courses of study in the areas described in section 8262(3) of this title including, but not limited to, courses offered by—

(A) private or public educational institutions;

(B) Federal agencies; or

(C) professional associations.

(b) Report to Task Force

(1) Each department and agency described in subsection (a)(1) shall, not later than 60 days following October 24, 1992, report to the Task Force the following information:

(A) Those individuals employed by such department or agency on October 24, 1992, who qualify as trained energy managers.

(B) The General Schedule (GS) or grade level at which each of the individuals described in subparagraph (A) is employed.

(C) The facility or facilities for which such individuals are responsible or otherwise stationed.

(2) The Secretary shall provide a summary of the reports described in paragraph (1) to the Congress as part of the first report submitted under section 8258 of this title after October 24, 1992.

(c) Requirements at Federal facilities

(1) Not later than one year after October 24, 1992, the departments and agencies described under subsection (a)(1) shall upgrade their energy management capabilities by—

(A) designating facility energy supervisors;

(B) encouraging facility energy supervisors to become trained energy managers; and

(C) increasing the overall number of trained energy managers within such department or agency to a sufficient level to ensure effective implementation of this Act.

(2) Departments and agencies described in subsection (a)(1) may hire trained energy managers to be facility energy supervisors. Trained energy managers, including those who are facility supervisors as well as other trained personnel, shall focus their efforts on improving energy efficiency in the following facilities—

(A) department or agency facilities identified as most costly to operate or most energy inefficient; or

(B) other facilities identified by the department or agency head as having significant energy savings potential.

(d) Annual report to Secretary and Congress

Each department and agency listed in subsection (a)(1) shall report to the Secretary on the status and implementation of the requirements of this section. The Secretary shall include a summary of each such report in the annual report to Congress as required under section 8258(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 102–486, title I, §157, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2856.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), is set out under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is Pub. L. 102–486, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2776, known as the Energy Policy Act of 1992. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 13201 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, and not as part of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 4525 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 59: NATIONAL URBAN POLICY AND NEW COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / Section 4525: Real property taxation
Real property taxation
Status: in_force

Nothing in this part shall be construed to exempt any real property that may be acquired and held by the Secretary as a result of the exercise of lien or subrogation rights from real property taxation to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed.

(Pub. L. 91–609, title VII, §724, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1801.)
42 U.S.C. § 2134 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 23: DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY / Subchapter IX / Section 2134: Medical, industrial, and commercial licenses
Medical, industrial, and commercial licenses
Status: in_force

(a) Medical therapy

The Commission is authorized to issue licenses to persons applying therefor for utilization facilities for use in medical therapy. In issuing such licenses the Commission is directed to permit the widest amount of effective medical therapy possible with the amount of special nuclear material available for such purposes and to impose the minimum amount of regulation consistent with its obligations under this chapter to promote the common defense and security and to protect the health and safety of the public.

(b) Industrial and commercial purposes

As provided for in subsection (b) or (c) of section 2132 of this title, or where specifically authorized by law, the Commission is authorized to issue licenses under this subsection to persons applying therefor for utilization and production facilities for industrial and commercial purposes. In issuing licenses under this subsection, the Commission shall impose the minimum amount of such regulations and terms of license as will permit the Commission to fulfill its obligations under this chapter.

(c) Research and development activities

(1) In general

Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Commission is authorized to issue licenses to persons applying therefor for utilization and production facilities useful in the conduct of research and development activities of the types specified in section 2051 of this title.

(2) Regulation

The Commission is directed to impose only such minimum amount of regulation of the licensee as the Commission finds will permit the Commission to fulfill its obligations under this chapter to promote the common defense and security and to protect the health and safety of the public and will permit the conduct of widespread and diverse research and development.

(3) Limitation on utilization facilities

The Commission may issue a license under this section for a utilization facility useful in the conduct of research and development activities of the types specified in section 2051 of this title if—

(A) not more than 75 percent of the annual costs to the licensee of owning and operating the facility are devoted to the sale, other than for research and development or education and training, of—

(i) nonenergy services;

(ii) energy; or

(iii) a combination of nonenergy services and energy; and

(B) not more than 50 percent of the annual costs to the licensee of owning and operating the facility are devoted to the sale of energy.

(d) Limitations

No license under this section may be given to any person for activities which are not under or within the jurisdiction of the United States, except for the export of production or utilization facilities under terms of an agreement for cooperation arranged pursuant to section 2153 of this title or except under the provisions of section 2139 of this title. No license may be issued to any corporation or other entity if the Commission knows or has reason to believe it is owned, controlled, or dominated by an alien, a foreign corporation, or a foreign government. In any event, no license may be issued to any person within the United States if, in the opinion of the Commission, the issuance of a license to such person would be inimical to the common defense and security or to the health and safety of the public.

(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, §104, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 937; amended Pub. L. 91–560, §5, Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1472; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, §902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; Pub. L. 115–439, title I, §106(b), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5577; Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title VI, §601, July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1481.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c)(2), was in the original "this Act", meaning act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 919, known as the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–67 inserted subsec. heading; designated first sentence as par. (1), inserted par. heading, and substituted "Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Commission" for "The Commission"; designated second sentence as par. (2) and inserted heading; and substituted par. (3) for third sentence which read as follows: "The Commission is authorized to issue licenses under this section for utilization facilities useful in the conduct of research and development activities of the types specified in section 2051 of this title in which the licensee sells research and testing services and energy to others, subject to the condition that the licensee shall recover not more than 75 percent of the annual costs to the licensee of owning and operating the facility through sales of nonenergy services, energy, or both, other than research and development or education and training, of which not more than 50 percent may be through sales of energy."

2019—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–439 struck out "and which are not facilities of the type specified in subsection (b)" after "section 2051 of this title" and inserted at end "The Commission is authorized to issue licenses under this section for utilization facilities useful in the conduct of research and development activities of the types specified in section 2051 of this title in which the licensee sells research and testing services and energy to others, subject to the condition that the licensee shall recover not more than 75 percent of the annual costs to the licensee of owning and operating the facility through sales of nonenergy services, energy, or both, other than research and development or education and training, of which not more than 50 percent may be through sales of energy."

1970—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–560 substituted provisions authorizing the issue of licenses for utilization or production facilities for industrial or commercial purposes (i) where specifically authorized by law or (ii) where the facility was constructed or operated under an arrangement with the Commission entered into under the cooperative power reactor demonstration program, and the applicable statutory authorization does not require licensing under section 2133, or (iii) where the facility was theretofore licensed under section 2134(b), for provisions authorizing the issue of licenses for utilization and production facilities involved in the conduct of research and development activities leading to the demonstration of the practical value of such facilities for industrial and commercial purposes.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Encouraging Private Investment in Research and Test Reactors

Pub. L. 115–439, title I, §106(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5577, provided that: "The purpose of this section [amending this section] is to encourage private investment in research and test reactors."
42 U.S.C. § 4541 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 60: COMPREHENSIVE ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM PREVENTION, TREATMENT, AND REHABILITATION PROGRAM / Section 4541: Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress finds that—

(1) alcohol is one of the most dangerous drugs and the drug most frequently abused in the United States;

(2) approximately ten million, or 7 percent, of the adults in the United States are alcoholics or problem drinkers;

(3) it is estimated that alcoholism and other alcohol related problems cost the United States over $43,000,000,000 annually in lost production, medical and public assistance expenditures, police and court costs, and motor vehicle and other accidents;

(4) alcohol abuse is found with increasing frequency among persons who are multiple-drug abusers and among former heroin users who are being treated in methadone maintenance programs;

(5) alcohol abuse is being discovered among growning numbers of youth;

(6) alcohol abuse and alcoholism have a substantial impact on the families of alcohol abusers and alcoholics and contributes to domestic violence;

(7) alcohol abuse and alcoholism, together with abuse of other legal and illegal drugs, present a need for prevention and intervention programs designed to reach the general population and members of high risk populations such as youth, women, the elderly, and families of alcohol abusers and alcoholics; and

(8) alcoholism is an illness requiring treatment and rehabilitation through the assistance of a broad range of community health and social services and with the cooperation of law enforcement agencies, employers, employee associations, and associations of concerned individuals.

(b) It is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to approach alcohol abuse and alcoholism from a comprehensive community care standpoint, and to meet the problems of alcohol abuse and alcoholism through—

(1) comprehensive Federal, State, and local planning for, and effective use of, Federal assistance to States, and direct Federal assistance to community-based programs to meet the urgent needs of special populations, in coordination with all other governmental and nongovernmental sources of assistance;

(2) the development of methods for diverting problem drinkers from criminal justice systems into prevention and treatment programs;

(3) the development and encouragement of prevention programs designed to combat the spread of alcoholism, alcohol abuse, and abuse of other legal and illegal drugs;

(4) the development and encouragement of effective occupational prevention and treatment programs within government and in cooperation with the private sector; and

(5) increased Federal commitment to research into the behavioral and biomedical etiology of, the treatment of, and the mental and physical health and social and economic consequences of, alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

(Pub. L. 91–616, §2, as added Pub. L. 93–282, title I, §102(a), May 14, 1974, 88 Stat. 126; amended Pub. L. 94–371, §2, July 26, 1976, 90 Stat. 1035; Pub. L. 95–622, title II, §268(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3437; Pub. L. 96–180, §2, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1301.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 91–616, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1848, known as the Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Amendments

1980—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(a), substituted current findings of number of alcoholics or problem drinkers in the country (approximately ten million or 7 percent of the adults) for 1974 findings of number of alcohol abusers and alcoholics of estimated number of ninety-five million drinkers in the Nation (minimum of nine million or 7 per centum of the adults).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(a), substituted current findings respecting annual cost of over $43,000,000,000 to the United States for alcoholism and other related problems in lost production, motor vehicle and other accidents, and other items, for 1974 findings respecting minimum annual problem drinking costs of $15,000,000 to the national economy in lost working time and identical other items.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(b)(1), inserted congressional finding respecting contribution of alcohol abuse and alcoholism to domestic violence.

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(b)(3), added par. (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (8).

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(b)(2), redesignated former par. (7) as (8) and enlisted cooperation of employers, employee associations, and associations of concerned individuals in treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholics.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(c)(1), struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 96–180, §2(c)(3), added pars. (3) and (4) and redesignated former par. (3) as (5).

1978—Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 95–622 added par. (6) and redesignated former par. (6) as (7).

1976—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–371 restructured provisions and inserted authorization for increased Federal commitment to research into the behavioral and biomedical etiology of alcohol abuse and alcoholism and the treatment and consequences of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1980 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–180, §1(a), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1301, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 4594, amending this section and sections 4551 to 4553, 4561, 4571 to 4573, 4576 to 4578, 4585, 4587, and 4588 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 4552 of this title] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1979'."

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–371, §1, July 26, 1976, 90 Stat. 1035, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 4578 and 4585 to 4588 of this title, amending this section, sections 218, 3511, 4571 to 4573, 4576, 4577, and 4581 of this title, and sections 1176 and 1177 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4573 and 4577 of this title, and sections 1176 and 1177 of Title 21] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1976'."

Short Title of 1974 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–282, title I, §101, May 14, 1974, 88 Stat. 126, provided that: "This title [enacting this section and sections 4542, 4553, 4576, and 4577 of this title, amending sections 242a, 4571, 4572, 4573, 4581, and 4582 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4581 and 4582 of this title] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1974'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 91–616, §1, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1848, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and section 2688j–2 of this title and amending sections 218, 246, 2688h and 2688t of this title] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970'."

National Commission on Alcoholism and Other Alcohol-Related Problems; Establishment; Executive Secretary; Interim and Final Reports of Study; Termination; Authorization of Appropriations

Pub. L. 96–180, §18, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1306, as amended by Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §509(b), Oct. 17, 1979; Pub. L. 98–24, §5(a)(2), Apr. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 183, 93 Stat. 695, provided that:

"(a)(1) There is established a Commission to be known as the National Commission on Alcoholism and Other Alcohol-Related Problems (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'Commission'). The Commission shall be composed of—

"(A) four Members of the Senate appointed by the President of the Senate upon the recommendation of the majority and minority leaders;

"(B) four Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives upon the recommendation of the majority and minority leaders;

"(C) nine public members appointed by the President; and

"(D) not more than four nonvoting members appointed by the President from individuals employed in the administration of programs of the Federal Government which affect the prevention and treatment of alcoholism and the rehabilitation of alcoholics and alcohol abusers.

At no time shall more than two members appointed under subparagraph (A), more that two of the members appointed under subparagraph (B), or more than five of the members appointed under subparagraph (C) be members of the same political party.

"(2)(A) The President shall designate one of the members of the Commission as Chairman, and one as Vice Chairman. Nine members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may conduct hearings. Members appointed under paragraph (1)(D) shall not be considered in determining a quorum of the Commission.

"(B) Members of the Commission shall serve without compensation, but shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of the duties vested in the Commission.

"(C) The Commission shall meet at the call of the Chairman or at the call of the majority of the members thereof.

"(3)(A) The Commission may appoint, without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, an executive secretary to assist the Commission in carrying out its functions.

"(B) The Secretary shall provide the Commission with such additional professional and clerical staff, such information, and the services of such consultants as the Secretary determines necessary for the Commission to carry out effectively its functions.

"(C) The Commission may secure directly from any department or agency of the United States information necessary to enable it to carry out its duties under this section. Upon request of the Chairman of the Commission, the head of such department or agency shall furnish such information to the Commission consistent with applicable laws and regulations with respect to the privacy of medical records.

"(b) The Commission shall conduct a study of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems and shall include in the study—

"(1) an assessment of unmet treatment and rehabilitation needs of alcoholics and their families;

"(2) an assessment of personnel needs in the fields of research, treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention;

"(3) an assessment of the integration and financing of alcoholism treatment and rehabilitation into health and social health care services within communities;

"(4) a study of the relationship of alcohol use to aggressive behavior and crime;

"(5) a study of the relationship of alcohol use to family violence;

"(6) a study of the relationship of alcoholism to illnesses, particularly those illnesses with a high stress component, among family members of alcoholics;

"(7) an evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention programs, including the relevance of alcohol control laws and regulations to alcoholism and alcohol-related problems;

"(8) a survey of the unmet research needs in the area of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems;

"(9) a survey of the prevalence of occupational alcoholism and alcohol abuse programs offered by Federal contractors; and

"(10) an evaluation of the needs of special and underserved population groups, including American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Native Hawaiians, Native American Pacific Islanders, youth, the elderly, women, and the handicapped and assess the adequacy of existing services to fulfill such needs.

"(c) The Commission shall submit to the President and the Congress such interim reports as it deems advisable and shall within two years after the date on which funds first become available to carry out this section submit to the President and the Congress a final report which shall contain a detailed statement of its findings and conclusions and also such recommendations for legislation and administrative actions as it deems appropriate. The Commission shall cease to exist sixty days after the final report is submitted under this subsection.

"(d) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall be responsible for the coordination of the activities of the Commission.

"(e) There are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section $1,000,000 to remain available until the expiration of the Commission."
42 U.S.C. § 7476 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 85: AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL / Subchapter I: PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES / Section 7476: Other pollutants
Other pollutants
Status: in_force

(a) Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, petrochemical oxidants, and nitrogen oxides

In the case of the pollutants hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, and nitrogen oxides, the Administrator shall conduct a study and not later than two years after August 7, 1977, promulgate regulations to prevent the significant deterioration of air quality which would result from the emissions of such pollutants. In the case of pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards are promulgated after August 7, 1977, he shall promulgate such regulations not more than 2 years after the date of promulgation of such standards.

(b) Effective date of regulations

Regulations referred to in subsection (a) shall become effective one year after the date of promulgation. Within 21 months after such date of promulgation such plan revision shall be submitted to the Administrator who shall approve or disapprove the plan within 25 months after such date or 1 promulgation in the same manner as required under section 7410 of this title.

(c) Contents of regulations

Such regulations shall provide specific numerical measures against which permit applications may be evaluated, a framework for stimulating improved control technology, protection of air quality values, and fulfill the goals and purposes set forth in section 7401 and section 7470 of this title.

(d) Specific measures to fulfill goals and purposes

The regulations of the Administrator under subsection (a) shall provide specific measures at least as effective as the increments established in section 7473 of this title to fulfill such goals and purposes, and may contain air quality increments, emission density requirements, or other measures.

(e) Area classification plan not required

With respect to any air pollutant for which a national ambient air quality standard is established other than sulfur oxides or particulate matter, an area classification plan shall not be required under this section if the implementation plan adopted by the State and submitted for the Administrator's approval or promulgated by the Administrator under section 7410(c) of this title contains other provisions which when considered as a whole, the Administrator finds will carry out the purposes in section 7470 of this title at least as effectively as an area classification plan for such pollutant. Such other provisions referred to in the preceding sentence need not require the establishment of maximum allowable increases with respect to such pollutant for any area to which this section applies.

(f) PM–10 increments

The Administrator is authorized to substitute, for the maximum allowable increases in particulate matter specified in section 7473(b) of this title and section 7475(d)(2)(C)(iv) of this title, maximum allowable increases in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 micrometers. Such substituted maximum allowable increases shall be of equal stringency in effect as those specified in the provisions for which they are substituted. Until the Administrator promulgates regulations under the authority of this subsection, the current maximum allowable increases in concentrations of particulate matter shall remain in effect.

(July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, §166, as added Pub. L. 95–95, title I, §127(a), Aug. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 739; amended Pub. L. 101–549, title I, §105(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2462.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–549 added subsec. (f).

1 So in original. Probably should be "of".
42 U.S.C. § 19173 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter V: BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE / Section 19173: Opportunities for online education
Opportunities for online education
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director shall make competitive awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations (or a consortium thereof, which may include a private sector partner) to conduct research on online STEM education courses for rural communities.

(b) Research areas

The research areas eligible for funding under this subsection shall include—

(1) evaluating the learning and achievement of rural students in prekindergarten through grade 12 in STEM subjects;

(2) understanding how computer-based and online professional development courses and mentor experiences can be integrated to meet the needs of educators, principals, and other school leaders of rural students in prekindergarten through grade 12;

(3) combining computer-based and online STEM education and training with mentoring and other applied learning arrangements;

(4) leveraging online programs to supplement STEM studies for rural students that need physical and academic accommodation; and

(5) any other activity the Director determines will accomplish the goals of this subsection.

(c) Evaluations

All proposals for awards under this section shall include an evaluation plan that includes the use of outcome-oriented measures to assess the impact and efficacy of the award. Each recipient of an award under this subsection shall include results from these evaluative activities in annual and final projects.

(d) Accountability and dissemination

(1) Evaluation required

The Director shall evaluate the portfolio of awards made under this subsection. Such evaluation shall—

(A) use a common set of benchmarks and tools to assess the results of research conducted under such awards and identify best practices; and

(B) to the extent practicable, integrate findings from activities carried out pursuant to research conducted under this section, with respect to the pursuit of careers and degrees in STEM, with those activities carried out pursuant to other research on serving rural students and communities.

(2) Report on evaluations

Not later than 180 days after the completion of the evaluation under paragraph (1), the Director shall submit to Congress and make widely available to the public a report that includes—

(A) the results of the evaluation; and

(B) any recommendations for administrative and legislative action that could optimize the effectiveness of the awards made under this section.

(e) Coordination

In carrying out this section, the Director shall, for purposes of enhancing program effectiveness and avoiding duplication of activities, consult, cooperate, and coordinate with the programs and policies of other relevant Federal agencies.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title V, §10513, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1617.)
42 U.S.C. § 17614 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 154: COMBATING CHILD EXPLOITATION / Subchapter I: NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CHILD EXPLOITATION PREVENTION AND INTERDICTION / Section 17614: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 17614 was editorially reclassified as section 21114 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 11201 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 118: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS RESEARCH / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 11201: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that—

(1) best estimates indicate that between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 Americans presently have Alzheimer's disease or related dementias;

(2) estimates of the number of individuals afflicted with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are unreliable because current diagnostic procedures lack accuracy and sensitivity and because there is a need for epidemiological data on incidence and prevalence of such disease and dementias;

(3) studies estimate that between one-half and two-thirds of patients in nursing homes meet the clinical and mental status criteria for dementia;

(4) the cost of caring for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is great, and conservative estimates range between $38,000,000,000 and $42,000,000,000 per year solely for direct costs;

(5) progress in the neurosciences and behavioral sciences has demonstrated the interdependence and mutual reinforcement of basic science, clinical research, and services research for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias;

(6) programs initiated as part of the Decade of the Brain are likely to provide significant progress in understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the causes of, and treatments for, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias;

(7) although substantial progress has been made in recent years in identifying possible leads to the causes of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, and more progress can be expected in the near future, there is little likelihood of a breakthrough in the immediate future that would eliminate or substantially reduce—

(A) the number of individuals with the disease and dementias; or

(B) the difficulties of caring for the individuals;

(8) the responsibility for care of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias falls primarily on their families, and the care is financially and emotionally devastating;

(9) attempts to reduce the emotional and financial burden of caring for dementia patients is impeded by a lack of knowledge about such patients, how to care for such patients, the costs associated with such care, the effectiveness of various modes of care, the quality and type of care necessary at various stages of the disease, and other appropriate services that are needed to provide quality care;

(10) the results of the little research that has been undertaken concerning dementia has been inadequate or the results have not been widely disseminated;

(11) more knowledge is needed concerning—

(A) the epidemiology of, and the identification of risk factors for, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias;

(B) the development of methods for early diagnosis, functional assessment, and psychological evaluation of individuals with Alzheimer's disease for the purpose of monitoring the course of the disease and developing strategies for improving the quality of life for such individuals;

(C) the understanding of the optimal range and cost-effectiveness of community and institutional services for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and their families, particularly with respect to the design, delivery, staffing, and mix of such services and the coordination of such services with other services, and with respect to the relationship of formal to informal support services;

(D) the understanding of optimal methods to combine formal support services provided by health care professionals with informal support services provided by family, friends, and neighbors of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, and the identification of ways family caregivers can be sustained through interventions to reduce psychological and social problems and physical problems induced by stress;

(E) existing data that are relevant to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias; and

(F) the costs incurred in caring for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias;

(12) it is imperative to provide appropriate coordination of the efforts of the Federal Government in the provision of services for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias;

(13) it is important to increase the understanding of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias by the diverse range of personnel involved in the care of individuals with such disease and dementias; and

(14) it is imperative that the Social Security Administration be provided information pertaining to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, particularly for personnel in such Administration involved in the establishment and updating of criteria for determining whether an individual is under a disability for purposes of titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq., 1381 et seq.].

(Pub. L. 99–660, title IX, §902, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3802; Pub. L. 102–507, §4, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (14), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Titles II and XVI of the Act are classified generally to subchapters II (§401 et seq.) and XVI (§1381 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1992—Pars. (4) to (14). Pub. L. 102–507 added pars. (4) to (8), redesignated former pars. (7) to (12) as (9) to (14), respectively, and struck out former pars. (4) to (6) which read as follows:

"(4) the care for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias falls primarily on their families, and such care is very often financially and emotionally devastating;

"(5) the cost of caring for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is great, and conservative estimates range between $38,000,000,000 and $42,000,000,000 per year solely for direct costs;

"(6) although substantial progress has been made in recent years in identifying possible leads to the causes of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and more progress can be expected in the near future, there is little likelihood of a breakthrough in the foreseeable future which would eliminate or substantially reduce the number of individuals with such disease and dementias or the difficulties of caring for such individuals;".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 2024 Amendment

Pub. L. 118–93, §1, Oct. 1, 2024, 138 Stat. 1565, provided that: "This Act [amending section section 11225 of this title] may be cited as the 'Alzheimer's Accountability and Investment Act'."

Pub. L. 118–92, §1, Oct. 1, 2024, 138 Stat. 1562, provided that: "This Act [amending section section 11225 of this title] may be cited as the 'NAPA Reauthorization Act'."

Short Title of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–375, §1, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4100, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter III–A of this chapter] may be cited as the 'National Alzheimer's Project Act'."

Short Title of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–507, §1, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3281, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 11261 of this title, amending this section and sections 285e–5, 11211, 11212, 11221, 11223, 11251, 11253, 11263, 11292, and 11294 of this title, repealing section 11261 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Alzheimer's Disease Research, Training, and Education Amendments of 1992'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 99–660, title IX, §901, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3802, as amended by Pub. L. 102–507, §2(a), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3281, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Research Act of 1992'."
42 U.S.C. § 15971 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 149: NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter IV: COAL / Section 15971: Integrated coal/renewable energy system
Integrated coal/renewable energy system
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary may provide loan guarantees for a project to produce energy from coal of less than 7,000 Btu/lb. using appropriate advanced integrated gasification combined cycle technology, including repowering of existing facilities, that—

(1) is combined with wind and other renewable sources;

(2) minimizes and offers the potential to sequester carbon dioxide emissions; and

(3) provides a ready source of hydrogen for near-site fuel cell demonstrations.

(b) Requirements

The facility—

(1) may be built in stages;

(2) shall have a combined output of at least 200 megawatts at successively more competitive rates; and

(3) shall be located in the Upper Great Plains.

(c) Technical criteria

Technical criteria described in section 15962(b) of this title shall apply to the facility.

(d) Investment tax credits

(1) In general

The loan guarantees provided under this section do not preclude the facility from receiving an allocation for investment tax credits under section 48A of title 26.

(2) Other funding

Use of the investment tax credit described in paragraph (1) does not prohibit the use of other clean coal program funding.

(Pub. L. 109–58, title IV, §411, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 754.)
42 U.S.C. § 15601 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 147: PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION / Section 15601: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 15601 was editorially reclassified as section 30301 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 7671f (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 85: AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL / Subchapter VI: STRATOSPHERIC OZONE PROTECTION / Section 7671f: Exchange authority
Exchange authority
Status: in_force

(a) Transfers

The Administrator shall, within 10 months after November 15, 1990, promulgate rules under this subchapter providing for the issuance of allowances for the production of class I and II substances in accordance with the requirements of this subchapter and governing the transfer of such allowances. Such rules shall insure that the transactions under the authority of this section will result in greater total reductions in the production in each year of class I and class II substances than would occur in that year in the absence of such transactions.

(b) Interpollutant transfers

(1) The rules under this section shall permit a production allowance for a substance for any year to be transferred for a production allowance for another substance for the same year on an ozone depletion weighted basis.

(2) Allowances for substances in each group of class I substances (as listed pursuant to section 7671a of this title) may only be transferred for allowances for other substances in the same Group.

(3) The Administrator shall, as appropriate, establish groups of class II substances for trading purposes and assign class II substances to such groups. In the case of class II substances, allowances may only be transferred for allowances for other class II substances that are in the same Group.

(c) Trades with other persons

The rules under this section shall permit 2 or more persons to transfer production allowances (including interpollutant transfers which meet the requirements of subsections (a) and (b)) if the transferor of such allowances will be subject, under such rules, to an enforceable and quantifiable reduction in annual production which—

(1) exceeds the reduction otherwise applicable to the transferor under this subchapter,

(2) exceeds the production allowances transferred to the transferee, and

(3) would not have occurred in the absence of such transaction.

(d) Consumption

The rules under this section shall also provide for the issuance of consumption allowances in accordance with the requirements of this subchapter and for the trading of such allowances in the same manner as is applicable under this section to the trading of production allowances under this section.

(July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title VI, §607, as added Pub. L. 101–549, title VI, §602(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2660.)
42 U.S.C. § 6727 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 80: PUBLIC WORKS EMPLOYMENT / Subchapter II: ANTIRECESSION PROVISIONS / Section 6727: Nondiscrimination
Nondiscrimination
Status: in_force

(a)(1) No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, national origin, or sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity of a State government or unit of local government, which government or unit receives funds made available under this subchapter. Any prohibition against discrimination on the basis of age under the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 [42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.] or with respect to an otherwise qualified handicapped individual as provided in section 794 of title 29 shall also apply to any such program or activity. Any prohibition against discrimination on the basis of religion, or any exemption, from such prohibition, as provided in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.] or title VIII of the Act of April 11, 1968, commonly referred to as Civil Rights Act of 1968 [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.], shall also apply to any such program or activity.

(2)(A) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not apply where any State government or unit of local government demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that the program or activity with respect to which the allegation of discrimination has been made is not funded in whole or in part with funds made available under this subchapter.

(B) The provisions of paragraph (1), relating to discrimination on the basis of handicapped status, shall not apply with respect to construction projects commenced prior to January 1, 1977.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be enforced by the Secretary in the same manner and in accordance with the same procedures as are required by sections 6701(a)(2), (3), 6716–6720, 6721, and 6723(f) of title 31 1 to enforce compliance with section 6716(a)–(c) of title 31.1 The Attorney General shall have the same authority, functions, and duties with respect to funds made available under this subchapter as the Attorney General has under sections 6716(d), 6720, and 6721(d) of title 31 1 with respect to funds made available under chapter 67 of title 31.1 Any person aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) of this section shall have the same rights and remedies as a person aggrieved by a violation of section 6716(a)–(c) of title 31,1 including the rights provided under section 6721(d) of title 31.1

(Pub. L. 94–369, title II, §207, July 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1007; Pub. L. 95–30, title VI, §605, May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 166.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Age Discrimination Act of 1975, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is title III of Pub. L. 94–135, Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 728, which is classified generally to chapter 76 (§6101 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6101 of this title and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, which is classified principally to subchapters II to IX (§2000a et seq.) of chapter 21 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of this title and Tables.

Act of April 11, 1968, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 73, known as the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Title VIII of Pub. L. 90–284, known as the Fair Housing Act, is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of this title.

Chapter 67 of title 31, including sections 6701, 6716–6720, 6721, and 6723, referred to in subsec. (b), was repealed by Pub. L. 99–272, title XIV, §14001(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 327. See, also, Codification note below.

Codification

In subsec. (b), "sections 6701(a)(2), (3), 6716–6720, 6721, and 6723(f) of title 31" substituted for "sections 122, 124, and 125 of the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 [31 U.S.C. 1242, 1244, 1245]", "section 6716(a)–(c) of title 31" substituted for "section 122(a) of such Act" and also for "subsection (a) of section 122 of such Act" [31 U.S.C. 1242(a)], "sections 6716(d), 6720, and 6721(d) of title 31" substituted for "sections 122(g) and (h) and 124(c) of such Act [31 U.S.C. 1242(g), (h), 1244(c)]", and "chapter 67 of title 31" substituted for "that Act [31 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.]", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, References in Text note above.

Amendments

1977—Pub. L. 95–30 amended section generally, inserting reference to discriminatory practices prohibited by the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and generally restructuring the enforcement and remedies provisions to incorporate the procedures of the Secretary and of the Attorney General under the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972.

1 See References in Text note below.
42 U.S.C. § 9161 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 99: OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION / Subchapter IV: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 9161: Law of the Sea Treaty
Law of the Sea Treaty
Status: in_force

If the United States ratifies a treaty, which includes provisions with respect to jurisdiction over ocean thermal energy conversion activities, resulting from any United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, the Administrator, after consultation with the Secretary of State, shall promulgate any amendment to the regulations promulgated under this chapter which is necessary and appropriate to conform such regulations to the provisions of such treaty, in anticipation of the date when such treaty shall come into force and effect for, or otherwise be applicable to, the United States.

(Pub. L. 96–320, title IV, §401, Aug. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 998.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 96–320, Aug. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 974, known as the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9101 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 13866 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter II: CRIME PREVENTION / Section 13866: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 13866 was editorially reclassified as section 12226 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 7901 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 88: URANIUM MILL TAILINGS RADIATION CONTROL / Section 7901: Congressional findings and purposes
Congressional findings and purposes
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress finds that uranium mill tailings located at active and inactive mill operations may pose a potential and significant radiation health hazard to the public, and that the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare and the regulation of interstate commerce require that every reasonable effort be made to provide for the stabilization, disposal, and control in a safe and environmentally sound manner of such tailings in order to prevent or minimize radon diffusion into the environment and to prevent or minimize other environmental hazards from such tailings.

(b) The purposes of this chapter are to provide—

(1) in cooperation with the interested States, Indian tribes, and the persons who own or control inactive mill tailings sites, a program of assessment and remedial action at such sites, including, where appropriate, the reprocessing of tailings to extract residual uranium and other mineral values where practicable, in order to stabilize and control such tailings in a safe and environmentally sound manner and to minimize or eliminate radiation health hazards to the public, and

(2) a program to regulate mill tailings during uranium or thorium ore processing at active mill operations and after termination of such operations in order to stabilize and control such tailings in a safe and environmentally sound manner and to minimize or eliminate radiation health hazards to the public.

(Pub. L. 95–604, §2, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3021.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 95–604, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3021, known as the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–616, §1, Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3192, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 7916 and 7922 of this title] may be cited as the 'Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Amendments Act of 1988'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 95–604, §1, Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3021, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and sections 2022, 2113, and 2114 of this title, amending sections 2014, 2021, 2111, and 2201 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2014, 2021, and 2113 of this title] may be cited as the 'Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978'."