12 U.S.C. § 1715w (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter II: MORTGAGE INSURANCE / Section 1715w: Mortgage insurance for nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, and board and care homes
Mortgage insurance for nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, and board and care homes
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to assist in the provision of facilities for any of the following purposes or for a combination of such purposes:

(1) The development of nursing homes for the care and treatment of convalescents and other persons who are not acutely ill and do not need hospital care but who require skilled nursing care and related medical services, including additional facilities for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day.

(2) The development of intermediate care facilities and board and care homes for the care of persons who, while not in need of nursing home care and treatment, nevertheless are unable to live fully independently and who are in need of minimum but continuous care provided by licensed or trained personnel, including additional facilities for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day.

(3) The development of assisted living facilities for the care of frail elderly persons.

(b) Definitions

For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term "nursing home" means a public facility, proprietary facility or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association, licensed or regulated by the State (or, if there is no State law providing for such licensing and regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located), for the accommodation of convalescents or other persons who are not acutely ill and not in need of hospital care but who require skilled nursing care and related medical services, in which such nursing care and medical services are prescribed by, or are performed under the general direction of, persons licensed to provide such care or services in accordance with the laws of the State where the facility is located;

(2) the term "intermediate care facility" means a proprietary facility or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association licensed or regulated by the State (or, if there is no State law providing for such licensing and regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located) for the accommodation of persons who, because of incapacitating infirmities, require minimum but continuous care but are not in need of continuous medical or nursing services;

(3) the term a 1 "nursing home" or "intermediate care facility" may include such additional facilities as may be authorized by the Secretary for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day;

(4) the term "mortgage" means a first mortgage on real estate in fee simple, or on the interest of either the lessor or lessee thereof (A) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable, or (B) under a lease having a period of not less than ten years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage. The term "first mortgage" means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure advances (including but not limited to advances during construction) on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real estate under the laws of the State in which the real estate is located, together with the credit instrument or instruments, if any, secured thereby, and any mortgage may be in the form of one or more trust mortgages or mortgage indentures or deeds of trust, securing notes, bonds, or other credit instruments, and, by the same instrument or by a separate instrument, may create a security interest in initial equipment, whether or not attached to the realty. The term "mortgagor" shall have the meaning set forth in section 1713(a) of this title;

(5) the term "board and care home" means any residential facility providing room, board, and continuous protective oversight that is regulated by a State pursuant to the provisions of section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)], so long as the home is located in a State that, at the time of an application is made for insurance under this section, has demonstrated to the Secretary that it is in compliance with the provisions of such section 1616(e);

(6) the term "assisted living facility" means a public facility, proprietary facility, or facility of a private nonprofit corporation that—

(A) is licensed and regulated by the State (or if there is no State law providing for such licensing and regulation by the State, by the municipality or other political subdivision in which the facility is located);

(B) makes available to residents supportive services to assist the residents in carrying out activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, eating, getting in and out of bed or chairs, walking, going outdoors, using the toilet, laundry, home management, preparing meals, shopping for personal items, obtaining and taking medication, managing money, using the telephone, or performing light or heavy housework, and which may make available to residents home health care services, such as nursing and therapy; and

(C) provides separate dwelling units for residents, each of which may contain a full kitchen and bathroom, and which includes common rooms and other facilities appropriate for the provision of supportive services to the residents of the facility; and

(7) the term "frail elderly person" has the meaning given the term in section 8011(k) of title 42.

(c) Authorization

The Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage (including advances on such mortgage during construction) in accordance with the provisions of this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe and to make commitments for insurance of such mortgage prior to the date of its execution or disbursement thereon.

(d) Terms and conditions; limitation on maximum amount of mortgage; amortization; interest; certification from State agency

In order to carry out the purposes of this section, the Secretary is authorized to insure any mortgage which covers a new or rehabilitated nursing home,,2 assisted living facility, or intermediate care facility, including a new addition to an existing nursing home, assisted living facility, or intermediate care facility and regardless of whether the existing home or facility is being rehabilitated, or any combination of nursing home, assisted living facility, and intermediate care facility or a board and care home, including equipment to be used in its operation, subject to the following conditions:

(1) The mortgage shall be executed by a mortgagor approved by the Secretary. The Secretary may in his discretion require any such mortgagor to be regulated or restricted as to charges and methods of financing, and, in addition thereto, if the mortgagor is a corporate entity, as to capital structure and rate of return. As an aid to the regulation or restriction of any mortgagor with respect to any of the foregoing matters, the Secretary may make such contracts with and acquire for not to exceed $100 such stock or interest in such mortgagor as he may deem necessary. Any stock or interest so purchased shall be paid for out of the General Insurance Fund, and shall be redeemed by the mortgagor at par upon the termination of all obligations of the Secretary under the insurance.

(2) The mortgage shall involve a principal obligation in an amount not to exceed 90 per centum of the estimated value of the property or project, or 95 percent of the estimated value of the property or project in the case of a mortgagor that is a private nonprofit corporation or association (under the meaning given such term for purposes of section 1715l(d)(3) of this title), including—

(A) equipment to be used in the operation of the home or facility or combined home and facility when the proposed improvements are completed and the equipment is installed; or

(B) a solar energy system (as defined in subparagraph (3) of the last paragraph of section 1703(a) of this title) or residential energy conservation measures (as defined in section 8211(11)(A) through (G) and (I) of title 42) 3 in cases where the Secretary determines that such measures are in addition to those required under the minimum property standards and will be cost-effective over the life of the measure.

(3) The mortgage shall—

(A) provide for complete amortization by periodic payments within such terms as the Secretary shall prescribe; and

(B) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee.

The Secretary shall not promulgate regulations or establish terms or conditions that interfere with the ability of the mortgagor and mortgagee to determine the interest rate; and 4

(4)(A) With respect to nursing homes and intermediate care facilities and combined nursing home and intermediate care facilities, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless he has received, from the State agency designated in accordance with section 604(a)(1) or section 1521 3 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 291d (a)(1), 300m] for the State in which is located the nursing home or intermediate care facility or combined nursing home and intermediate care facility covered by the mortgage, a certification that (i) there is a need for such home or facility or combined home and facility, and (ii) there are in force in such State or in the municipality or other political subdivision of the State in which the proposed home or facility or combined home and facility is to be located reasonable minimum standards of licensure and methods of operation governing it. No such mortgage shall be insured under this section unless the Secretary has received such assurance as he may deem satisfactory from the State agency that such standards will be applied and enforced with respect to any home or facility or combined home and facility located in the State for which mortgage insurance is provided under this section. If no such State agency exists, or if the State agency exists but is not empowered to provide a certification that there is a need for the home or facility or combined home and facility as required in clause (i) of the first sentence, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless (i) the State in which the home or facility or combined home and facility is located has conducted or commissioned and paid for the preparation of an independent study of market need and feasibility that (I) is prepared in accordance with the principles established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (II) assesses, on a marketwide basis, the impact of the proposed home or facility or combined home and facility on, and its relationship to, other health care facilities and services, the percentage of excess beds, demographic projections, alternative health care delivery systems, and the reimbursement structure of the home, facility, or combined home and facility; (III) is addressed to and is acceptable to the Secretary in form and substance; and (IV) in the event the State does not prepare the study, is prepared by a financial consultant who is selected by the State or the applicant for mortgage insurance and is approved by the Secretary; and (ii) the State complies with the other provisions of this subparagraph that would otherwise be required to be met by a State agency designated in accordance with section 604(a)(1) or section 1521 3 of the Public Health Service Act. The proposed mortgagor may reimburse the State for the cost of the independent feasibility study required in the preceding sentence. In the case of a small intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded or developmentally disabled, or a board and care home housing less than 10 individuals, the State program agency or agencies responsible for licensing, certifying, financing, or monitoring the facility or home may, in lieu of the requirements of clause (i) of the third sentence, provide the Secretary with written support identifying the need for the facility or home.

(B) With respect to board and care homes, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless he has received from the appropriate State licensing agency a statement verifying that the State in which the home is or is to be located is in compliance with the provisions of section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)].

(C) With respect to assisted living facilities or any such facility combined with any other home or facility, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless—

(i) the Secretary determines that the level of financing acquired by the mortgagor and any other resources available for the facility will be sufficient to ensure that the facility contains dwelling units and facilities for the provision of supportive services in accordance with subsection (b)(6);

(ii) the mortgagor provides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that each dwelling unit in the facility will not be occupied by more than 1 person without the consent of all such occupants; and

(iii) the appropriate State licensing agency for the State, municipality, or other political subdivision in which the facility is or is to be located provides such assurances as the Secretary considers necessary that the facility will comply with any applicable standards and requirements for such facilities.

(e) Release of part of mortgaged property or project from lien

The Secretary may consent to the release of a part or parts of the mortgaged property or project from the lien of any mortgage insured under this section upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe.

(f) Applicability of other laws

The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), and (n) of section 1713 of this title shall apply to mortgages insured under this section and all references therein to section 1713 of this title shall refer to this section.

(g) Regulations covering intermediate care facilities; consultations

The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section relating to intermediate care facilities, after consulting with the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to any health or medical aspects of the program which may be involved in such regulations.

(h) Consultations concerning need for and availability of intermediate care facilities

The Secretary shall also consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services as to the need for and the availability of intermediate care facilities in any area for which an intermediate care facility is proposed under this section.

(i) Fire safety equipment for nursing homes, assisted living facilities, intermediate care facilities, or board and care homes

(1) The Secretary is authorized upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe to make commitments to insure and to insure loans made by financial institutions or other approved mortgagees to nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and intermediate care facilities or to board and care homes to provide for the purchase and installation of fire safety equipment necessary for compliance with the 1967 edition of the Life Safety Code of the National Fire Protection Association (or any subsequent edition specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services) or other such codes or requirements approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services as conditions of participation for providers of services under title XVIII and title XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq., 1396 et seq.] or as mandated by a State under the provisions of section 1616(e) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)].

(2) To be eligible for insurance under this subsection a loan shall—

(A) not exceed the Secretary's estimate of the reasonable cost of the equipment fully installed;

(B) bear interest at such rate as may be agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee;

(C) have a maturity satisfactory to the Secretary;

(D) be made by a financial institution or other mortgagee approved by the Secretary as eligible for insurance under section 1703 of this title or a mortgagee approved under section 1709(b)(1) of this title;

(E) comply with other such terms, conditions, and restrictions as the Secretary may prescribe; and

(F) in the case of board and care homes, be made with respect to such a home located in a State with respect to which the Secretary has received from the appropriate State licensing agency a statement verifying that the State in which the home is or is to be located is in compliance with the provisions of section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)].

(3) The provisions of paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (9), and (10) of section 1715k(h) of this title shall be applicable to loans insured under this subsection, except that all references to "home improvement loans" shall be construed to refer to loans under this subsection.

(4) The provisions of subsections (c), (d), and (h) of section 1703 of this title shall apply to loans insured under this subsection, and for the purpose of this subsection references in such subsections to "this section" or "this title" shall be construed to refer to this subsection.

(j) Schedules and deadlines for processing and approval of applications

The Secretary shall establish schedules and deadlines for the processing and approval (or provision of notice of disapproval) of applications for mortgage insurance under this section. The Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress annually describing such schedules and deadlines and the extent of compliance by the Department with the schedules and deadlines during the year.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title II, §232, as added Pub. L. 86–372, title I, §115, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 663; amended Pub. L. 87–70, title VI, §610, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 180; Pub. L. 88–560, title I, §117, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 779; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(m), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title III, §314, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 91–152, title I, §111, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 93–204, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 883; Pub. L. 93–383, title III, §304(g), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 95–128, title III, §308(a), Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §312, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2099; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §310(f), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1643; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, §§404(b)(10), 437], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1209, 1222, 1223; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §104(a)(1), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2224; Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §§410(a), (b), 429(e), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1904, 1918; Pub. L. 102–550, title V, §511(a)–(e), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3784–3786; Pub. L. 105–65, title II, §216, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1367; Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §214(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2486.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), was established by section 1735c of this title.

Section 8211 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B), was omitted from the Code pursuant to section 8229 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, which terminated authority under that section on June 30, 1989.

Section 1521 of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(4)(A), is section 1521 of act July 1, 1944, which was classified to section 300m of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal, effective Jan. 1, 1987, by Pub. L. 99–660, title VII, §701(a), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3799.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), is act Aug. 13, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Titles XVIII and XIX of the Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§1395 et seq.) and XIX (§1396 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 105–276 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 105–65. See 1997 Amendment note below.

1997—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 105–65, as amended by Pub. L. 105–276, substituted "ten years to run beyond the maturity date of the mortgage" for "fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(a)(1), substituted "any" for "either" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(a)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(b), added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(1), in introductory provisions, inserted ", assisted living facility," after "rehabilitated nursing home,", substituted "any combination of nursing home, assisted living facility, and intermediate care facility" for "combined nursing home and intermediate care facility", and inserted ", including a new addition to an existing nursing home, assisted living facility, or intermediate care facility and regardless of whether the existing home or facility is being rehabilitated," after first reference to "intermediate care facility".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(2), inserted "or 95 percent of the estimated value of the property or project in the case of a mortgagor that is a private nonprofit corporation or association (under the meaning given such term for purposes of section 1715l(d)(3) of this title)," before "including" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(3), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (d)(4)(C). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(c)(4), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(d), inserted ", assisted living facilities," after "nursing homes".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–550, §511(e), added subsec. (j).

1988—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–242, §410(a), inserted "public facility," before "proprietary".

Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(e)(1), indented as par. (3) former run-in cl. (3) defining "nursing home" and "intermediate care facility", inserted "the term", and struck out "and" after semicolon at end, redesignated as par. (4) former par. (3) defining "mortgage", and redesignated as par. (5) former par. (4).

Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 100–242, §410(b), inserted "If no such State agency exists, or if the State agency exists but is not empowered to provide a certification that there is a need for the home or facility or combined home and facility as required in clause (i) of the first sentence, the Secretary shall not insure any mortgage under this section unless (i) the State in which the home or facility or combined home and facility is located has conducted or commissioned and paid for the preparation of an independent study of market need and feasibility that (I) is prepared in accordance with the principles established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants; (II) assesses, on a marketwide basis, the impact of the proposed home or facility or combined home and facility on, and its relationship to, other health care facilities and services, the percentage of excess beds, demographic projections, alternative health care delivery systems, and the reimbursement structure of the home, facility, or combined home and facility; (III) is addressed to and is acceptable to the Secretary in form and substance; and (IV) in the event the State does not prepare the study, is prepared by a financial consultant who is selected by the State or the applicant for mortgage insurance and is approved by the Secretary; and (ii) the State complies with the other provisions of this subparagraph that would otherwise be required to be met by a State agency designated in accordance with section 291d(a)(1) or section 300m of title 42. The proposed mortgagor may reimburse the State for the cost of the independent feasibility study required in the preceding sentence. In the case of a small intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded or developmentally disabled, or a board and care home housing less than 10 individuals, the State program agency or agencies responsible for licensing, certifying, financing, or monitoring the facility or home may, in lieu of the requirements of clause (i) of the third sentence, provide the Secretary with written support identifying the need for the facility or home."

Subsec. (i)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–242, §429(e)(2), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "bear interest at not to exceed a rate determined by the Secretary to be necessary to meet the loan market".

1984—Pub. L. 98–479 inserted reference to board and care homes in section catchline.

1983—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(a), inserted "and board and care homes" after "intermediate care facilities".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(b), added par. (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(c)(1), in provisions preceding par. (1) inserted "or a board and care home" after "and intermediate care facility,".

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–181, §404(b)(10), substituted provision that the interest rate be at such a rate as agreed upon by the mortgagor and the mortgagee for provision that the interest rate, exclusive of premium charges for insurance, not exceed 5 per centum per annum on the amount of the principal obligation outstanding at any time, or not exceed such per centum per annum not in excess of 6 per centum as the Secretary finds necessary to meet the mortgage market.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(c)(2), designated existing provision as subpar. (A), substituted "With respect to nursing homes and intermediate care facilities and combined nursing home and intermediate care facilities, the" for "The" and "(i)" and "(ii)" for "(A)" and "(B)", respectively, and added subpar. (B).

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(d), (e), substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(f)(1), inserted "or to board and care homes" after "intermediate care facilities", "(or any subsequent edition specified by the Secretary of Health and Human Services)" after "Association", and "or as mandated by a State under provisions of section 1616(e) of such Act" after "Social Security Act", and substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare".

Subsec. (i)(2)(F). Pub. L. 98–181, §437(f)(2), added subpar. (F).

1980—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 96–399 revised existing provisions into introductory paragraph and subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–557, §312(a), inserted ", including additional facilities for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day" after pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–557, §312(b), inserted "(3) a 'nursing home' or 'intermediate care facility' may include such additional facilities as may be authorized by the Secretary for the nonresident care of elderly individuals and others who are able to live independently but who require care during the day".

1977—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 95–128 inserted reference to section 300m of title 42.

1974—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out "not to exceed $12,500,000, and" after "an amount".

1973—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 93–204 added subsec. (i).

1969—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(1), added to stated purpose of this section of developing nursing homes, the development of intermediate care facilities or the development of such facilities in combination with nursing home facilities.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(2), (3), struck out "and" after "is located;" in par. (1), redesignated par. (2) as (3), and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(4), inserted provision authorizing the Secretary to insure any mortgage which covers an intermediate care facility or combined nursing home and intermediate care facility.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(5), substituted "operation of the home or facility or combined home or facility" for "operation of the nursing home".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(6), substituted "section 291d(a)(1) of title 42" for "section 291b(a)(1) of title 42", and made provisions applicable to the insurance of mortgages covering intermediate care facilities or combined nursing home and intermediate care facilities.

Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 91–152, §111(7), added subsecs. (g) and (h).

1968—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §314(1), redefined term "mortgage" to mean a first mortgage on real estate in fee simple, or on the interest of either the lessor or lessee thereof under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable, or under a lease having a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the mortgage was executed, and inserted definition of "first mortgage".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–448, §314(2), (3), authorized the Secretary to insure a mortgage which includes equipment to be used in the operation of a nursing home, and permitted the value of the equipment to be included in the calculation of the 90 per centum of the estimated value.

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner" wherever appearing.

1965—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(m)(1), substituted "General Insurance Fund" for "section 207 Housing Insurance Fund".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–117, §1108(m)(2), struck out references to subsecs. (f), (m) and (p) of section 1713 of this title.

1964—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 88–560 inserted "or facility of a private nonprofit corporation or association" after "proprietary facility".

1961—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 87–70 substituted "90 per centum" for "75 per centum".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–276, title II, §214(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2486, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be construed to have taken effect on October 27, 1997."

Regulations

Pub. L. 100–242, title IV, §410(c), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1904, provided that: "The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section] by not later than the expiration of the 90-day period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988]."

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (j) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 105 of House Document No. 103–7.

Delegation of Processing of Mortgage Insurance

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to implement system of mortgage insurance for mortgages insured under this section that delegates processing functions to selected approved mortgagees, with Secretary to retain authority to approve rents, expenses, property appraisals, and mortgage amounts and to execute firm commitments, see section 328 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1713 of this title.

1 So in original. The word "a" probably should not appear.

2 So in original.

3 See References in Text note below.

4 So in original. The "; and" probably should be a period.
12 U.S.C. § 5237 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 52: EMERGENCY ECONOMIC STABILIZATION / Subchapter I: TROUBLED ASSETS RELIEF PROGRAM / Section 5237: Authority to suspend mark-to-market accounting
Authority to suspend mark-to-market accounting
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

The Securities and Exchange Commission shall have the authority under the securities laws (as such term is defined in section 78c(a)(47) of title 15) to suspend, by rule, regulation, or order, the application of Statement Number 157 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board for any issuer (as such term is defined in section 78c(a)(8) of such title) or with respect to any class or category of transaction if the Commission determines that is necessary or appropriate in the public interest and is consistent with the protection of investors.

(b) Savings provision

Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to restrict or limit any authority of the Securities and Exchange Commission under securities laws as in effect on October 3, 2008.

(Pub. L. 110–343, div. A, title I, §132, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3798.)
12 U.S.C. § 3110 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 32: FOREIGN BANK PARTICIPATION IN DOMESTIC MARKETS / Section 3110: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

(a) Civil money penalty

(1) In general

Any foreign bank, and any office or subsidiary of a foreign bank, that violates, and any individual who participates in a violation of, any provision of this chapter, or any regulation prescribed or order issued under this chapter, shall forfeit and pay a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each day during which such violation continues.

(2) Assessment procedures

Any penalty imposed under paragraph (1) may be assessed and collected by the Board or the Comptroller of the Currency in the manner provided in subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), (H), and (I) of section 1818(i)(2) of this title for penalties imposed (under such section), and any such assessments shall be subject to the provisions of such section.

(3) Hearing procedure

Section 1818(h) of this title shall apply to any proceeding under this section.

(4) Disbursement

All penalties collected under authority of this section shall be deposited into the Treasury.

(5) "Violate" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "violate" includes taking any action (alone or with others) for or toward causing, bringing about, participating in, counseling, or aiding or abetting a violation.

(6) Regulations

The Board and the Comptroller of the Currency shall each prescribe regulations establishing such procedures as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(b) Notice under this section after separation from service

The resignation, termination of employment or participation, or separation of an institution-affiliated party (within the meaning of section 1813(u) of this title) with respect to a foreign bank, or any office or subsidiary of a foreign bank (including a separation caused by the termination of a location in the United States), shall not affect the jurisdiction or authority of the Board or the Comptroller of the Currency to issue any notice or to proceed under this section against any such party, if such notice is served before the end of the 6-year period beginning on the date such party ceased to be an institution-affiliated party with respect to such foreign bank or such office or subsidiary of a foreign bank (whether such date occurs on, before, or after December 19, 1991).

(c) Penalty for failure to make reports

(1) First tier

Any foreign bank, or any office or subsidiary of a foreign bank, that—

(A) maintains procedures reasonably adapted to avoid any inadvertent error and, unintentionally and as a result of such error—

(i) fails to make, submit, or publish such reports or information as may be required under this chapter or under regulations prescribed by the Board or the Comptroller of the Currency under this chapter, within the period of time specified by the agency; or

(ii) submits or publishes any false or misleading report or information; or

(B) inadvertently transmits or publishes any report that is minimally late,

shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $2,000 for each day during which such failure continues or such false or misleading information is not corrected. The foreign bank, or the office or subsidiary of a foreign bank, shall have the burden of proving that an error was inadvertent and that a report was inadvertently transmitted or published late.

(2) Second tier

Any foreign bank, or any office or subsidiary of a foreign bank, that—

(A) fails to make, submit, or publish such reports or information as may be required under this chapter or under regulations prescribed by the Board or the Comptroller of the Currency pursuant to this chapter, within the time period specified by such agency; or

(B) submits or publishes any false or misleading report or information,

in a manner not described in paragraph (1) shall be subject to a penalty of not more than $20,000 for each day during which such failure continues or such false or misleading information is not corrected.

(3) Third tier

Notwithstanding paragraph (2), if any company knowingly or with reckless disregard for the accuracy of any information or report described in paragraph (2) submits or publishes any false or misleading report or information, the Board or the Comptroller of the Currency may, in the Board's or Comptroller's discretion, assess a penalty of not more than $1,000,000 or 1 percent of total assets of such foreign bank, or such office or subsidiary of a foreign bank, whichever is less, per day for each day during which such failure continues or such false or misleading information is not corrected.

(4) Assessment of penalties

Any penalty imposed under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) shall be assessed and collected by the Board or the Comptroller of the Currency in the manner provided in subsection (a)(2) (for penalties imposed under such subsection) and any such assessment (including the determination of the amount of the penalty) shall be subject to the provisions of such subsection.

(5) Hearing procedure

Section 1818(h) of this title shall apply to any proceeding under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 95–369, §16, as added Pub. L. 102–242, title II, §208, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2295.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of "this chapter", referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (c)(1)(A)(i), (2)(A), see References in Text note set out under section 3101 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 482 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter XV: BANK EXAMINATIONS / Section 482: Employees of Office of Comptroller of the Currency; appointment; compensation and benefits
Employees of Office of Comptroller of the Currency; appointment; compensation and benefits
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of section 481 of this title or section 301(f)(1) of title 31 to the contrary, the Comptroller of the Currency shall, subject to chapter 71 of title 5, fix the compensation and number of, and appoint and direct, all employees of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Rates of basic pay for all employees of the Office may be set and adjusted by the Comptroller without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 or subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5. The Comptroller may provide additional compensation and benefits to employees of the Office if the same type of compensation or benefits are then being provided by any other Federal bank regulatory agency or, if not then being provided, could be provided by such an agency under applicable provisions of law, rule, or regulation. In setting and adjusting the total amount of compensation and benefits for employees of the Office, the Comptroller shall consult with, and seek to maintain comparability with, other Federal banking agencies.

The Comptroller of the Currency may impose and collect assessments, fees, or other charges as necessary or appropriate to carry out the responsibilities of the office 1 of the Comptroller. Such assessments, fees, and other charges shall be set to meet the Comptroller's expenses in carrying out authorized activities.

(R.S. §5240 (pars.); Feb. 19, 1875, ch. 89, 18 Stat. 329; Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §21, 38 Stat. 272; July 2, 1932, ch. 392, 47 Stat. 568; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §343, 49 Stat. 722; Apr. 30, 1956, ch. 228, §§2, 3, 70 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 101–73, title XII, §1202, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §114(a), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2248; Pub. L. 102–550, title XVI, §1603(b)(5), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4079; Pub. L. 103–325, title III, §331(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2232; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §318(a)(2), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1526.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Provisions of section 481 of this title, referred to in first par., was in the original "preceding provisions of this section", meaning R.S. §5240. See Codification note set out below.

Codification

R.S. §5240 derived from act June 3, 1864, ch. 106, §54, 13 Stat. 116, which was part of the National Bank Act. See section 38 of this title.

Section is comprised of third and fourth pars. of R.S. §5240, as amended. The former fifth par. of R.S. §5440, which comprised the third par. of this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–242. See Codification note set out under section 481 of this title.

Amendments

2010—Pub. L. 111–203, in first sentence of first par., substituted "shall, subject to chapter 71 of title 5, fix" for "shall fix".

1994—Pub. L. 103–325 inserted "or section 301(f)(1) of title 31" after "provisions of section 481 of this title".

1992—Pub. L. 102–550 substituted "office" for "duties" in second par.

1991—Pub. L. 102–242 added second par. and struck out former second and third pars. which read as follows:

"The expense of the examinations provided for in this subchapter shall be assessed by the Comptroller of the Currency upon national banks in proportion to their assets or resources. The assessments may be made more frequently than annually at the discretion of the Comptroller of the Currency. The annual rate of such assessment shall be the same for all national banks, except that banks examined more frequently than twice in one calendar year shall, in addition, be assessed the expense of these additional examinations.

"In addition to the expense of examination to be assessed by the Comptroller of the Currency as heretofore provided, all national banks exercising fiduciary powers and all banks or trust companies in the District of Columbia exercising fiduciary powers shall be assessed by the Comptroller of the Currency for the examination of their fiduciary activities a fee adequate to cover the expense thereof."

1989—Pub. L. 101–73, in first paragraph, substituted "Notwithstanding any of the provisions of section 481 of this title to the contrary, the Comptroller of the Currency shall fix the compensation and number of, and appoint and direct, all employees of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Rates of basic pay for all employees of the Office may be set and adjusted by the Comptroller without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 or subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5. The Comptroller may provide additional compensation and benefits to employees of the Office if the same type of compensation or benefits are then being provided by any other Federal bank regulatory agency or, if not then being provided, could be provided by such an agency under applicable provisions of law, rule, or regulation. In setting and adjusting the total amount of compensation and benefits for employees of the Office, the Comptroller shall consult with, and seek to maintain comparability with, other Federal banking agencies." for "The Comptroller of the Currency shall fix the salaries of all bank examiners and make report thereof to Congress." and redesignated remaining sentences of first paragraph as a second paragraph. Former second paragraph became third paragraph.

1956—Act Apr. 30, 1956, provided that assessments may be made more frequently than annually and the annual rate of such assessment shall be the same for all national banks except that banks examined more than twice in one year shall be assessed the expense of the additional examinations, and based additional charges for examining all national banks exercising fiduciary powers and all banks or trust companies in the District of Columbia exercising fiduciary powers on the cost of making the examination rather than the amount of trust assets under administration.

1935—Act Aug. 23, 1935, substituted in first sentence "The Comptroller of the Currency" for "The Federal Reserve Board, upon the recommendation of the Comptroller of the Currency".

1932—Act July 2, 1932, added last par.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 318(e) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 16 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–550 effective as if included in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–242, as of Dec. 19, 1991, see section 1609(a) of Pub. L. 102–550, set out as a note under section 191 of this title.

Executive Documents

Exception as to Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, not included in transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 1 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
12 U.S.C. § 1701j (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Section 1701j: Repealed. Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §813, 68 Stat. 647
Repealed. Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, §813, 68 Stat. 647
Status: repealed

Section, acts Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title V, §504, 64 Stat. 81; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title VI, §613(a), 65 Stat. 316; June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §23, 67 Stat. 127, related to control of charges and fees, imposed by lenders upon builders and purchasers in connection with home loans, by the Federal Housing Commissioner and the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs.
12 U.S.C. § 5368 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter I: FINANCIAL STABILITY / Section 5368: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Board of Governors shall have authority to issue regulations to implement parts A and C and the amendments made thereunder. Except as otherwise specified in part A or C, not later than 18 months after the effective date of this Act, the Board of Governors shall issue final regulations to implement parts A and C, and the amendments made thereunder.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §168, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1434.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Part C, referred to in text, was in the original "subtitle C", meaning subtitle C (§§161–176) of title I of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1420, which is classified principally to this part. For complete classification of subtitle C to the Code, see Tables.

The effective date of this Act, referred to in text, is 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise specifically provided in Pub. L. 111–203, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1747g (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter VII: INSURANCE FOR INVESTMENTS IN RENTAL HOUSING FOR FAMILIES OF MODERATE INCOME / Section 1747g: Debentures
Debentures
Status: in_force

(a) Acquisition of project by Secretary; issuance of debentures

If the aggregate of the amounts paid to the investor pursuant to section 1747f of this title with respect to a project insured under this subchapter shall at any time equal or exceed 15 per centum of the established investment, the Secretary thereafter shall have the right, after written notice to the investor of his intentions so to do, to acquire, as of the first day of any operating year, such project in consideration of the issuance and delivery to the investor of debentures having a total face value equal to 90 per centum of the outstanding investment for such operating year. In any such case the investor shall be obligated to convey to said Secretary title to the project which meets the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the insurance contract was executed and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations, and, in the event that the investor fails so to do, said Secretary may, at his option, terminate the insurance contract.

(b) Relinquishment of project by investor

If in any operating year the aggregate of the differences between the operating expenses (exclusive of any premium charges previously waived hereunder) and the gross income for the preceding operating years, less the aggregate of any deficits in such operating expenses reimbursed from excess earnings as hereinbefore provided, shall at any time equal or exceed 5 per centum of the established investment, the investor shall thereafter have the right, after written notice to the Secretary of his intention so to do, to convey to the Secretary, as of the first day of any operating year, title to the project which meets the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Secretary in force at the time the insurance contract was executed and which is evidenced in the manner prescribed by such rules and regulations, and to receive from the Secretary debentures having a total face value equal to 90 per centum of the outstanding investment for such operating year.

(c) Adjustment of difference between outstanding investment and total face value of debentures

Any difference, not exceeding $50, between 90 per centum of the outstanding investment for the operating year in which a project is acquired by the Secretary pursuant to this section and the total face value of the debentures to be issued and delivered to the investment pursuant to this section shall be adjusted by the payment of cash by the Secretary to the investor from the General Insurance Fund.

(d) Termination of insurance contract by Secretary

Upon the acquisition of a project by the Secretary pursuant to this section, the insurance contract shall terminate.

(e) Issuance and execution of debentures

Debentures issued under this subchapter to any investor shall be executed in the name of the General Insurance Fund as obligor, shall be signed by the Secretary, by either his written or engraved signature, and shall be negotiable. Such debentures shall be dated as of the first day of the operating year in which the project for which such debentures were issued was acquired by the Secretary, shall bear interest at a rate to be determined by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, at the time the insurance contract was executed, but not to exceed 2¾ per centum per annum, payable semiannually on the 1st day of January and the 1st day of July of each year, and shall mature on the 1st day of July in such calendar year or years, not later than the fortieth following the date of the issuance thereof, as shall be determined by the Secretary and stated on the face of such debentures.

(f) Terms and conditions of debentures

Such debentures shall be in such form and in such denominations in multiples of $50, shall be subject to such terms and conditions, and may include such provisions of redemption as shall be prescribed by the Secretary, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, and may be issued in either coupon or registered form.

(g) Exemption from taxation; exceptions; guaranty

Such debentures shall be exempt, both as to principal and interest, from all taxation (except surtaxes, estate, inheritance, and gift taxes) now or hereafter imposed by any Territory, dependency, or possession of the United States, or by the District of Columbia, or by any State, county, municipality, or local taxing authority, shall be payable out of the General Insurance Fund, which shall be primarily liable therefor, and shall be fully and unconditionally guaranteed, as to both the principal thereof and the interest thereon, by the United States, and such guaranty shall be expressed on the face thereof. In the event that the General Insurance Fund fails to pay upon demand, when due, the principal of or the interest on any debentures so guaranteed, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the holders the amount thereof, which is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and thereupon, to the extent of the amount so paid, the Secretary of the Treasury shall succeed to all the rights of the holders of such debentures.

(h) Payment of expenses and charges; collection of claims

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of real and other property by the United States, the Secretary shall have power, for the protection of the General Insurance Fund, to pay out of said Fund all expenses or charges in connection with, and to deal with, complete, reconstruct, rent, renovate, modernize, insure, make contracts for the management of, or establish suitable agencies for the management of, or sell for cash or credit or lease in his discretion, in whole or in part, any project acquired pursuant to this subchapter; and, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the Secretary shall also have power to pursue to final collection by way of compromise or otherwise all claims acquired by, or assigned or transferred to, him in connection with the acquisition or disposal of any project pursuant to this subchapter: Provided, That section 6101 of title 41 shall not be construed to apply to any contract for hazard insurance, or to any purchase or contract for services or supplies on account of any project acquired pursuant to this subchapter if the amount of such purchase or contract does not exceed $1,000.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title VII, §708, as added Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, title IV, §401, 62 Stat. 1278; amended Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title I, §122, 64 Stat. 59; Pub. L. 89–117, title XI, §1108(t), Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The General Insurance Fund, referred to in text, was established by section 1735c of this title.

Codification

In subsec. (h), "section 6101 of title 41" substituted for "section 3709 of the Revised Statutes" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Amendments

1967—Subsecs. (a) to (f), (h). Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary" for "Commissioner" wherever appearing.

1965—Subsecs. (c), (e), (g), (h). Pub. L. 89–117 substituted "General Insurance Fund" for "Housing Investment Insurance Fund" wherever appearing.

1950—Act Apr. 20, 1950, substituted "Commissioner" for "Administrator" wherever appearing.
12 U.S.C. § 2252 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter V: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION / Section 2252: Powers and duties
Powers and duties
Status: in_force

(a) Enumerated powers

The Farm Credit Administration shall have the following powers, functions, and responsibilities in connection with the institutions of the Farm Credit System and the administration of this chapter:

(1) Modify the boundaries of farm credit districts, with due regard for the farm credit needs of the country, as approved by the Board, with the concurrence of the district banks involved.

(2) Where necessary or appropriate to carry out the policy and objectives of this chapter, issue and approve amendments to Federal charters of institutions of the System; approve change in names of banks operating under this chapter; approve the merger of districts when agreed to by the district bank boards involved and by a majority vote of the voting stockholders and contributors to the guaranty funds of each bank for each of such districts, voting in the same manner as is provided in section 2279a of this title; approve mergers and any related activities as provided for in subchapter VII; and approve the consolidation or division of the territories of institutions when agreed to by a majority vote of the voting stockholders or contributors to the guaranty fund of each of the institutions involved; and approve consolidations of boards of directors when agreed to by a majority vote of the voting stockholders or contributors to the guaranty fund of each of the institutions involved. The Farm Credit Administration Board, after consultation with the respective boards of directors of the affected banks, may require two or more banks operating under the same or different titles to merge if the Board determines that one of such banks has failed to meet its outstanding obligations.

(3) Make annual reports directly to Congress on the condition of the System and its institutions, based on the examinations carried out under section 2254 of this title, and on the manner and extent to which the purposes and objectives of this chapter are being carried out and, from time to time, recommend directly legislative changes. The annual reports shall include a summary and analysis of the reports submitted to the Farm Credit Administration by the Farm Credit Banks under section 2207(b) of this title relating to programs for serving young, beginning, and small farmers and ranchers.

(4) Approve the issuance of obligations of the System under subsections (c) and (d) of section 2153 of this title for the purpose of funding the authorized operations of the institutions of the System, and prescribe collateral therefor.

(5) Grant approvals provided for under this chapter either on a case-by-case basis or through regulations that confer approval on actions of Farm Credit System institutions.

(6) Establish standards for the System institutions with respect to loan security requirements and regulate the borrowing, repayment, and transfer of funds and equities between institutions of the System.

(7) Conduct loan and collateral security review.

(8) Regulate the preparation by System institutions and the dissemination to stockholders and investors of information on the financial condition and operations of such institutions, except that the requirements of the Farm Credit Administration governing the dissemination to stockholders of quarterly reports of System institutions may not be more burdensome or costly than the requirements applicable to national banks, and the Farm Credit Administration may not require any System institution to disclose in any report to stockholders information concerning the condition or classification of a loan—

(A) to a director of the institution—

(i) who has resigned before the time for filing the applicable report with the Farm Credit Administration; or

(ii) whose term of office will expire no later than the date of the meeting of stockholders to which the report relates; or

(B) to a member of the immediate family of a director of the institution unless—

(i) the family member resides in the same household as the director; or

(ii) the director has a material financial or legal interest in the loan or business operation of the family member.

(9) Prescribe rules and regulations necessary or appropriate for carrying out this chapter.

(10) Exercise the powers conferred on it under part C of this subchapter for the purpose of ensuring the safety and soundness of System institutions.

(11) Exercise such incidental powers as may be necessary or appropriate to fulfill its duties and carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(12) Require surety bonds or other provisions for protection of the assets of the institutions of the System against losses occasioned by employees.

(13)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Farm Credit Administration may approve an amendment to the charter of any institution of the Farm Credit System operating under subchapter I or II, which would authorize the institution to exercise lending authority in any territory—

(i) in the geographic area served by an association that was reassigned pursuant to section 433 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (12 U.S.C. 2071 note) (where the geographic area was a part of the association's territory as of the date of the reassignment); and

(ii) in which the charter of an institution that is not seeking the charter amendment authorizes the institution to exercise the type of lending authority that is the subject of the charter request.

(B) The Farm Credit Administration may approve a charter amendment under subparagraph (A) only on the approval of—

(i) the respective boards of directors of the associations that, if the charter request is approved, would exercise like lending authority in any of the territory that is the subject of the charter request;

(ii) a majority of the stockholders of each association described in clause (i) voting, in person or by proxy, at a duly authorized stockholders' meeting; and

(iii) the respective boards of directors of the Farm Credit Banks that, if the charter request is approved, would exercise, either directly or through associations, like lending authority in any of the territory described in subparagraph (A)(i).

(14)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Farm Credit Administration may approve a request to charter an association of the Farm Credit System to operate under subchapter II where the proposed charter—

(i) will include any of the geographic area included in the territory served by an association that was reassigned pursuant to section 433 of the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (12 U.S.C. 2071 note) (where the geographic area was a part of the association's territory as of the date of the reassignment); and

(ii) will authorize the association to exercise lending authority in any territory in the geographic area in which the charter of an association that is not requesting the charter authorizes the association to exercise the type of lending authority that is the subject of the charter request.

(B) The Farm Credit Administration may approve a charter request under subparagraph (A) only on the approval of—

(i) the respective boards of directors of the associations that, if the charter request is approved, would exercise like lending authority in any of the territory that is the subject of the charter request;

(ii) a majority vote of the stockholders (if any) of each association described in clause (i) voting, in person or by proxy, at a duly authorized stockholder's meeting; and

(iii) the respective boards of directors of the Farm Credit Banks that, if the charter request is approved, would exercise, either directly or through associations, like lending authority in any of the territory described in subparagraph (A)(i).

(15)(A) Approve amendments to the charters of institutions of the Farm Credit System to implement the equalization of loan-making powers of a Farm Credit System association under section 2279c of this title.

(B) Amendments described in subparagraph (A) to the charters of an association and the related Farm Credit Bank shall be approved by the Farm Credit Administration, subject to any conditions of approval imposed, by not later than 30 days after the date on which the Farm Credit Administration receives all approvals required by section 2279c(a)(2) of this title.

(b) Exclusions

The Farm Credit Administration shall not have authority, either direct or indirect, to approve bylaws, or any amendments or modifications or changes to bylaws, of System institutions.

(c) Proposed and final regulations; procedures applicable

(1) At least thirty days prior to publishing any proposed regulation in the Federal Register, the Farm Credit Administration shall transmit a copy of the regulation to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate. The Farm Credit Administration shall also transmit to such committees a copy of any final regulation prior to its publication in the Federal Register. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, no final regulation of the Farm Credit Administration shall become effective prior to the expiration of thirty calendar days after it is published in the Federal Register during which either or both Houses of the Congress are in session.

(2) In the case of an emergency, a final regulation of the Farm Credit Administration may become effective without regard to the last sentence of paragraph (1) of this subsection if the Farm Credit Administration notifies in writing the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate setting forth the reasons why it is necessary to make the regulation effective prior to the expiration of the thirty-day period.

(d) Legislative veto of regulations; procedures applicable

(1) If there are any unresolved differences between the Farm Credit Administration and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as to whether any regulation implementing section 2128(b) of this title or the other provisions of subchapter III relating to the authority under section 2128(b) of this title conforms to national banking policies, objectives and limitations, simultaneously with promulgation of any such regulation under this chapter, and simultaneously with promulgation of any regulation implementing section 2015(b) of this title, the Farm Credit Administration shall transmit a copy thereof to the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives. Except as provided in paragraph (2), the regulation shall not become effective if, within ninety calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date of promulgation, both Houses of Congress adopt a concurrent resolution, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: "That Congress disapproves the regulations promulgated by the Farm Credit Administration dealing with the matter of             , which regulation was transmitted to Congress on             ", the blank spaces therein being appropriately filled.

(2) If at the end of sixty calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date of promulgation of a regulation, no committee of either House of Congress has reported or been discharged from further consideration of a concurrent resolution disapproving the regulation, and neither House has adopted such a resolution, the regulation may go into effect immediately. If, within such sixty calendar days, such a committee has reported or been discharged from further consideration of such a resolution, or either House has adopted such a resolution, the regulation may go into effect not sooner than ninety calendar days of continuous session of Congress after its promulgation unless disapproved as provided in paragraph (1).

(3) For the purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection—

(i) continuity of session is broken only by an adjournment of Congress sine die; and

(ii) the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain are excluded in the computation of sixty and ninety calendar days of continuous session of Congress.

(4) Congressional inaction on or rejection of a resolution of disapproval shall not be deemed an expression of approval of such regulation.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title V, §5.17, formerly §5.18, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 621; Pub. L. 96–592, title V, §§507, 508, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3449; renumbered §5.17 and amended Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §201(7), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1691; Pub. L. 99–509, title I, §1036, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1878; Pub. L. 100–233, title II, §207(a)(2), title IV, §417, formerly §414, §418(d), formerly §415(d), §§424(a), 431(e), title VIII, §§802(v), 805(z), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1607, 1653, 1656, 1660, 1713, 1717, renumbered §§417, 418(d), Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, §409(a), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 100–399, title II, §205, title IV, §409(e), title IX, §901(m), (n), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 993, 1003, 1008; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, §1843(a)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3836; Pub. L. 102–237, title V, §502(h), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1869; Pub. L. 102–552, title IV, §401(c), title V, §511, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4128, 4132; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, §§210, 211, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §5407(b), (c)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §5407(b), (c)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1921, 1922; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5411(29), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4682.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5.17 of Pub. L. 92–181 was renumbered section 5.16 and is classified to section 2251 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–334 struck out "In issuing charters and certificates of territory for district-wide mergers of associations where stockholders of one or more associations did not approve the merger, the charter of the new or merged association shall not include the territory of the disagreeing association or associations; charters issued during calendar year 1985 for district-wide new or merged associations which included the territory of a disagreeing association shall be revoked and reissued to exclude such territory, unless subsequently agreed to by the board of directors of such association or associations. The Farm Credit Administration Board shall ensure that disapproving associations (A) shall not be charged any assessment under this chapter at a rate higher than that charged other like associations in the district, and (B) shall be provided with financial services and assistance on the same basis as other like associations in the district (including, but not limited to, access to credit and rates of interest on loans and discounts) by a district Farm Credit bank to the association and its member-borrowers." after "institutions involved."

2008—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §5407(c)(1), substituted "(2)" for "(2)(A)" and struck out pars. (B) and (C) which prohibited issuance or amendment of the charter of any institution of the Farm Credit System that would authorize the institution to exercise lending authority in a territory in which the charter of another such institution authorized the other institution to exercise like authority, unless specified approvals were obtained, and provided that such prohibition would apply only in geographic areas where, due to the failure of a merger, the Federal intermediate credit bank or its successor was chartered to provide short- and intermediate-term credit, and a neighboring Farm Credit Bank that was not the successor to the Federal intermediate credit bank was chartered to provide long-term credit, in the same geographic territory.

Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 110–246, §5407(b), added par. (15).

1996—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–105, §210, struck out "or management agreements" after "consolidations of boards of directors" in first sentence.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 104–105, §211, inserted "the requirements of the Farm Credit Administration governing the dissemination to stockholders of quarterly reports of System institutions may not be more burdensome or costly than the requirements applicable to national banks, and" after "except that".

1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–552, §401(c), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (a)(13), (14). Pub. L. 102–552, §511, added pars. (13) and (14).

1991—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 102–237 struck out second period at end.

1990—Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 101–624 struck out par. (13) which read as follows: "Except for associations, approve the salary scale for employees of the institutions of the System, and approve the compensation of the chief executive officer of such institutions: Provided, That no salary scale or rate of compensation shall be approved under this provision unless determined by the Board to be fair and reasonable. The Board may not delegate its responsibilities under this paragraph."

1988—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–399, §901(m)(1), substituted "district banks" for "district boards".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–399, §901(m)(2), substituted "district bank boards" for "boards of the districts".

Pub. L. 100–399, §409(e), substituted "approve the consolidation or division of the territories of institutions when agreed to" for "the consolidation or division of the territories that they serve when agreed to".

Pub. L. 100–233, §802(v)(1)(A), substituted "approve amendments to" for "amend or modify".

Pub. L. 100–233, §415(d), substituted "section 2279a of this title" for "section 2181 of this title" and "approve mergers and any related activities as provided for in subchapter VII; and" for "; approve mergers of banks operating under the same subchapter of this chapter, merger of Federal land bank associations, merger of production credit associations, and".

Pub. L. 100–233, §414, substituted ". The Farm Credit Administration Board shall ensure that disapproving associations (A) shall not be charged any assessment under this chapter at a rate higher than that charged other like associations in the district, and (B) shall be provided with financial services and assistance on the same basis as other like associations in the district" for "; and the Farm Credit Administration shall ensure that the board of directors of district banks does not discriminate against the disapproving associations in exercising its supervisory authorities. Such associations shall not be (i) charged any assessment under this chapter at a rate higher than that charged other like associations in the district or (ii) discriminated against in the provision of any financial service and assistance".

Pub. L. 100–233, §431(e)(1), substituted "The Farm Credit Administration Board, after consultation with the respective boards of directors of the affected banks, may require two or more banks operating under the same or different titles to merge if the Board determines that one of such banks has failed to meet its outstanding obligations" for "The Chairman of the Farm Credit Administration Board, after consultation with the respective district board or boards and the board of directors of the Capital Corporation may require two or more banks of the Farm Credit System (other than Central Banks for Cooperatives) operating under the same subchapter to merge if the Chairman determines that one of such banks has failed to meet outstanding obligations of such bank."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–399, §901(m)(3), substituted "Farm Credit Banks under section 2207(b) of this title" for "Federal land banks and Federal intermediate credit banks under section 2207(b) of this title".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 100–233, §802(v)(1)(B), struck out "that meet standards and criteria established by the Farm Credit Administration, including standards and criteria with respect to (A) interest rates on obligations of Farm Credit System institutions, and (B) the payment of dividends or patronage refunds by Farm Credit System institutions" after "Farm Credit institutions".

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 100–399, §205, redesignated par. (9) as (8).

Pub. L. 100–233, §207(a)(2), struck out par. (8) which read as follows: "Make investments in stock of the Capital Corporation out of the revolving fund referred to in section 2151 of this title, and require the retirement of such stock."

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 100–399, §205, redesignated par. (10) as (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (8).

Pub. L. 100–233, §424(a), inserted provisions limiting Farm Credit Administration from requiring System institutions to disclose in reports to stockholders certain information concerning condition or classification of loans to certain directors or members of immediate family of certain directors.

Subsec. (a)(10) to (12). Pub. L. 100–399, §205, redesignated pars. (11) to (13) as (10) to (12), respectively. Former par. (10) redesignated (9).

Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 100–399, §205, redesignated par. (14) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (12).

Pub. L. 100–233, §805(z), redesignated par. (14) as (13), and struck out former par. (13) which read as follows: "Sue and be sued, complain and defend in any court of law or equity, State or Federal. All suits of a civil nature at common law or in equity to which the Farm Credit Administration shall be a party shall be deemed to arise under the laws of the United States, and the United States district courts shall have original jurisdiction thereof, without regard to the amount of the controversy; and the Farm Credit Administration may, without bond or security, remove any such action, suit, or proceeding from a State court to the United States district court for the district or division embracing the place where the same is pending by following any procedure for removal now or hereafter in effect. Service of process on the Farm Credit Administration shall be in accordance with provisions of title 28 and rules adopted under title 28 for suits in which an agency of the United States is a party. The Farm Credit Administration shall designate an agent at its principal office to accept service of process."

Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 100–399, §205, redesignated par. (14) as (13).

Pub. L. 100–233, §§431(e)(2), 805(z), redesignated par. (15) as (14) and inserted "by the Board" and "The Board may not delegate its responsibilities under this paragraph." Former subsec. (14) redesignated (13).

Subsec. (a)(15). Pub. L. 100–233, §805(z), redesignated par. (15) as (14).

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 100–233, §802(v)(2), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–233, §802(v)(2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 100–399, §901(n)(1), made technical amendment to reference to sections 2015(b) and 2128(b) of this title involving underlying provisions of original act and requiring no change in text.

Pub. L. 100–399, §901(n), substituted "section 2015(b) of this title" for "section 2074 of this title".

1986—Subsec. (a)(5)(A). Pub. L. 99–509 struck out "and on loans made or discounted by such institutions" after "Farm Credit System institutions".

1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–205 amended subsec. (a) generally, revising and reorganizing the enumerated powers of the Farm Credit Administration by substituting pars. (1) to (15) for former pars. (1) to (17).

1980—Pub. L. 96–592 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), in par. (3) inserted provisions relating to summary and analysis of reports, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Pub. L. 110–234, title V, §5407(d), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1161, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title V, §5407(d), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1922, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 2279c of this title and amending this section and provisions set out as notes under section 2011 of this title] take effect on January 1, 2010."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.]

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–237 effective as if included in the provision of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, to which the amendment relates, see section 1101(b)(4) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as a note under section 1421 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendments

Amendment by sections 205 and 409(a), (e) of Pub. L. 100–399 effective as if enacted immediately after enactment of Pub. L. 100–233, which was approved Jan. 6, 1988, and amendment by section 901(m), (n) of Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001 of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.

Amendment by section 207(a)(2) of Pub. L. 100–233 effective 15 days after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 207(b) of Pub. L. 100–233 set out as an Effective Date of Repeal note under section 2152 of this title.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–205 effective thirty days after Dec. 23, 1985, see section 401 of Pub. L. 99–205, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.

Regulations

Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §424(b), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1656, provided that: "Within 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1988], the Farm Credit Administration shall amend its regulations as necessary to implement the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section]."

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (a)(3) of this section relating to requirement to make annual reports to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 166 of House Document No. 103–7.

Compensation Disclosure by Farm Credit System Institutions

Pub. L. 113–79, title V, §5404, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 840, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress finds that—

"(1) the reasonable disclosure to stockholders by Farm Credit System institutions regarding the compensation of Farm Credit System institution senior officers is beneficial to stockholders' understanding of the operation of their institutions;

"(2) transparency regarding compensation practices reinforces the cooperative nature of Farm Credit System institutions;

"(3) the unique cooperative structure of the Farm Credit System should be considered when promulgating rules;

"(4) the participation of stockholders in the election of the boards of directors of Farm Credit System institutions provides stockholders the opportunity to participate in the management of their institutions;

"(5) as representatives of stockholders, the boards of directors of Farm Credit System institutions importantly establish and oversee the compensation practices of Farm Credit System institutions to ensure the safe and sound operation of those institutions; and

"(6) any regulation should strengthen and not hinder the ability of Farm Credit System boards of directors to oversee compensation practices.

"(b) Implementation.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 7, 2014], the Farm Credit Administration shall review its rules to reflect Congressional intent that a primary responsibility of the boards of directors of Farm Credit System institutions, as elected representatives of their stockholders, is to oversee compensation practices."

Regulatory Review

Pub. L. 104–105, title II, §212, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 174, provided that:

"(a) Findings.—Congress finds that—

"(1) the Farm Credit Administration, in the role of the Administration as an arms-length safety and soundness regulator, has made considerable progress in reducing the regulatory burden on Farm Credit System institutions;

"(2) the efforts of the Farm Credit Administration described in paragraph (1) have resulted in cost savings for Farm Credit System institutions; and

"(3) the cost savings described in paragraph (2) ultimately benefit the farmers, ranchers, agricultural cooperatives, and rural residents of the United States.

"(b) Continuation of Regulatory Review.—The Farm Credit Administration shall continue the comprehensive review of regulations governing the Farm Credit System to identify and eliminate, consistent with law, safety, and soundness, all regulations that are unnecessary, unduly burdensome or costly, or not based on law."

Forbearance and Restructuring for Farm Loans; Farm Credit Administration

Pub. L. 100–387, title III, §313(b), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 950, provided that: "It further is the sense of Congress that the Farm Credit Administration should in its oversight of Farm Credit System institutions, with respect to farmers and ranchers who suffer major losses due to drought, hail, excessive moisture, or related condition in 1988—

"(1) ensure that Farm Credit System institutions exercise forbearance in the collection of principal and interest on loans outstanding to such farmers and ranchers;

"(2) expedite the use of credit restructuring and other credit relief mechanisms authorized under the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 [Pub. L. 100–233, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1568, see Tables for classification] and related provisions of law for such farmers and ranchers; and

"(3) encourage other lenders participating with Farm Credit System institutions in mutual loan agreements to exercise forbearance before declaring loans to such farmers and ranchers in default."
12 U.S.C. § 1790d (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 14: FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS / Subchapter II: SHARE INSURANCE / Section 1790d: Prompt corrective action
Prompt corrective action
Status: in_force

(a) Resolving problems to protect Fund

(1) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to resolve the problems of insured credit unions at the least possible long-term loss to the Fund.

(2) Prompt corrective action required

The Board shall carry out the purpose of this section by taking prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of insured credit unions.

(b) Regulations required

(1) Insured credit unions

(A) In general

The Board shall, by regulation, prescribe a system of prompt corrective action for insured credit unions that is—

(i) consistent with this section; and

(ii) comparable to section 1831o of this title.

(B) Cooperative character of credit unions

The Board shall design the system required under subparagraph (A) to take into account that credit unions are not-for-profit cooperatives that—

(i) do not issue capital stock;

(ii) must rely on retained earnings to build net worth; and

(iii) have boards of directors that consist primarily of volunteers.

(2) New credit unions

(A) In general

In addition to regulations under paragraph (1), the Board shall, by regulation, prescribe a system of prompt corrective action that shall apply to new credit unions in lieu of this section and the regulations prescribed under paragraph (1).

(B) Criteria for alternative system

The Board shall design the system prescribed under subparagraph (A)—

(i) to carry out the purpose of this section;

(ii) to recognize that credit unions (as cooperatives that do not issue capital stock) initially have no net worth, and give new credit unions reasonable time to accumulate net worth;

(iii) to create adequate incentives for new credit unions to become adequately capitalized by the time that they either—

(I) have been in operation for more than 10 years; or

(II) have more than $10,000,000 in total assets;

(iv) to impose appropriate restrictions and requirements on new credit unions that do not make sufficient progress toward becoming adequately capitalized; and

(v) to prevent evasion of the purpose of this section.

(c) Net worth categories

(1) In general

For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply:

(A) Well capitalized

An insured credit union is "well capitalized" if—

(i) it has a net worth ratio of not less than 7 percent; and

(ii) it meets any applicable risk-based net worth requirement under subsection (d).

(B) Adequately capitalized

An insured credit union is "adequately capitalized" if—

(i) it has a net worth ratio of not less than 6 percent; and

(ii) it meets any applicable risk-based net worth requirement under subsection (d).

(C) Undercapitalized

An insured credit union is "undercapitalized" if—

(i) it has a net worth ratio of less than 6 percent; or

(ii) it fails to meet any applicable risk-based net worth requirement under subsection (d).

(D) Significantly undercapitalized

An insured credit union is "significantly undercapitalized"—

(i) if it has a net worth ratio of less than 4 percent; or

(ii) if—

(I) it has a net worth ratio of less than 5 percent; and

(II) it—

(aa) fails to submit an acceptable net worth restoration plan within the time allowed under subsection (f); or

(bb) materially fails to implement a net worth restoration plan accepted by the Board.

(E) Critically undercapitalized

An insured credit union is "critically undercapitalized" if it has a net worth ratio of less than 2 percent (or such higher net worth ratio, not to exceed 3 percent, as the Board may specify by regulation).

(2) Adjusting net worth levels

(A) In general

If, for purposes of section 1831o(c) of this title, the Federal banking agencies increase or decrease the required minimum level for the leverage limit (as those terms are used in section 1831o of this title), the Board may, by regulation, and subject to subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, correspondingly increase or decrease 1 or more of the net worth ratios specified in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph (1) of this subsection in an amount that is equal to not more than the difference between the required minimum level most recently established by the Federal banking agencies and 4 percent of total assets (with respect to institutions regulated by those agencies).

(B) Determinations required

The Board may increase or decrease net worth ratios under subparagraph (A) only if the Board—

(i) determines, in consultation with the Federal banking agencies, that the reason for the increase or decrease in the required minimum level for the leverage limit also justifies the adjustment in net worth ratios; and

(ii) determines that the resulting net worth ratios are sufficient to carry out the purpose of this section.

(C) Transition period required

If the Board increases any net worth ratio under this paragraph, the Board shall give insured credit unions a reasonable period of time to meet the increased ratio.

(d) Risk-based net worth requirement for complex credit unions

(1) In general

The regulations required under subsection (b)(1) shall include a risk-based net worth requirement for insured credit unions that are complex, as defined by the Board based on the portfolios of assets and liabilities of credit unions.

(2) Standard

The Board shall design the risk-based net worth requirement to take account of any material risks against which the net worth ratio required for an insured credit union to be adequately capitalized may not provide adequate protection.

(e) Earnings-retention requirement applicable to credit unions that are not well capitalized

(1) In general

An insured credit union that is not well capitalized shall annually set aside as net worth an amount equal to not less than 0.4 percent of its total assets.

(2) Board's authority to decrease earnings-retention requirement

(A) In general

The Board may, by order, decrease the 0.4 percent requirement in paragraph (1) with respect to a credit union to the extent that the Board determines that the decrease—

(i) is necessary to avoid a significant redemption of shares; and

(ii) would further the purpose of this section.

(B) Periodic review required

The Board shall periodically review any order issued under subparagraph (A).

(f) Net worth restoration plan required

(1) In general

Each insured credit union that is undercapitalized shall submit an acceptable net worth restoration plan to the Board within the time allowed under this subsection.

(2) Assistance to small credit unions

The Board (or the staff of the Board) shall, upon timely request by an insured credit union with total assets of less than $10,000,000, and subject to such regulations or guidelines as the Board may prescribe, assist that credit union in preparing a net worth restoration plan.

(3) Deadlines for submission and review of plans

The Board shall, by regulation, establish deadlines for submission of net worth restoration plans under this subsection that—

(A) provide insured credit unions with reasonable time to submit net worth restoration plans; and

(B) require the Board to act on net worth restoration plans expeditiously.

(4) Failure to submit acceptable plan within time allowed

(A) Failure to submit any plan

If an insured credit union fails to submit a net worth restoration plan within the time allowed under paragraph (3), the Board shall—

(i) promptly notify the credit union of that failure; and

(ii) give the credit union a reasonable opportunity to submit a net worth restoration plan.

(B) Submission of unacceptable plan

If an insured credit union submits a net worth restoration plan within the time allowed under paragraph (3), and the Board determines that the plan is not acceptable, the Board shall—

(i) promptly notify the credit union of why the plan is not acceptable; and

(ii) give the credit union a reasonable opportunity to submit a revised plan.

(5) Accepting plan

The Board may accept a net worth restoration plan only if the Board determines that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the net worth of the credit union.

(g) Restrictions on undercapitalized credit unions

(1) Restriction on asset growth

An insured credit union that is undercapitalized shall not generally permit its average total assets to increase, unless—

(A) the Board has accepted the net worth restoration plan of the credit union for that action;

(B) any increase in total assets is consistent with the net worth restoration plan; and

(C) the net worth ratio of the credit union increases at a rate that is consistent with the net worth restoration plan.

(2) Restriction on member business loans

Notwithstanding section 1757a(a) of this title, an insured credit union that is undercapitalized may not make any increase in the total amount of member business loans (as defined in section 1757a(c) of this title) outstanding at that credit union at any one time, until such time as the credit union becomes adequately capitalized.

(h) More stringent treatment based on other supervisory criteria

With respect to the exercise of authority by the Board under regulations comparable to section 1831o(g) of this title—

(1) the Board may not reclassify an insured credit union into a lower net worth category, or treat an insured credit union as if it were in a lower net worth category, for reasons not pertaining to the safety and soundness of that credit union; and

(2) the Board may not delegate its authority to reclassify an insured credit union into a lower net worth category or to treat an insured credit union as if it were in a lower net worth category.

(i) Action required regarding critically undercapitalized credit unions

(1) In general

The Board shall, not later than 90 days after the date on which an insured credit union becomes critically undercapitalized—

(A) appoint a conservator or liquidating agent for the credit union; or

(B) take such other action as the Board determines would better achieve the purpose of this section, after documenting why the action would better achieve that purpose.

(2) Periodic redeterminations required

Any determination by the Board under paragraph (1)(B) to take any action with respect to an insured credit union in lieu of appointing a conservator or liquidating agent shall cease to be effective not later than the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the determination is made, and a conservator or liquidating agent shall be appointed for that credit union under paragraph (1)(A), unless the Board makes a new determination under paragraph (1)(B) before the end of the effective period of the prior determination.

(3) Appointment of liquidating agent required if other action fails to restore net worth

(A) In general

Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the Board shall appoint a liquidating agent for an insured credit union if the credit union is critically undercapitalized on average during the calendar quarter beginning 18 months after the date on which the credit union became critically undercapitalized.

(B) Exception

Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Board may continue to take such other action as the Board determines to be appropriate in lieu of appointment of a liquidating agent if—

(i) the Board determines that—

(I) the insured credit union has been in substantial compliance with an approved net worth restoration plan that requires consistent improvement in the net worth of the credit union since the date of the approval of the plan; and

(II) the insured credit union has positive net income or has an upward trend in earnings that the Board projects as sustainable; and

(ii) the Board certifies that the credit union is viable and not expected to fail.

(4) Nondelegation

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Board may not delegate the authority of the Board under this subsection.

(B) Exception

The Board may delegate the authority of the Board under this subsection with respect to an insured credit union that has less than $5,000,000 in total assets, if the Board permits the credit union to appeal any adverse action to the Board.

(j) Reviews required when share insurance fund experiences losses

(1) In general

If the Fund incurs a material loss with respect to an insured credit union, the Inspector General of the Board shall—

(A) submit to the Board a written report reviewing the supervision of the credit union by the Administration (including the implementation of this section by the Administration), which shall include—

(i) a description of the reasons why the problems of the credit union resulted in a material loss to the Fund; and

(ii) recommendations for preventing any such loss in the future; and

(B) submit a copy of the report under subparagraph (A) to—

(i) the Comptroller General of the United States;

(ii) the Corporation;

(iii) in the case of a report relating to a State credit union, the appropriate State supervisor; and

(iv) to any Member of Congress, upon request.

(2) Material loss defined

For purposes of determining whether the Fund has incurred a material loss with respect to an insured credit union, a loss is material if it exceeds the sum of—

(A) $25,000,000; and

(B) an amount equal to 10 percent of the total assets of the credit union on the date on which the Board initiated assistance under section 1788 of this title or was appointed liquidating agent.

(3) Public disclosure required

(A) In general

The Board shall disclose a report under this subsection, upon request under section 552 of title 5, without excising—

(i) any portion under section 552(b)(5) of title 5; or

(ii) any information about the insured credit union (other than trade secrets) under section 552(b)(8) of title 5.

(B) Rule of construction

Subparagraph (A) may not be construed as requiring the agency to disclose the name of any customer of the insured credit union (other than an institution-affiliated party), or information from which the identity of such customer could reasonably be ascertained.

(4) Losses that are not material

(A) Semiannual report

For the 6-month period ending on March 31, 2010, and each 6-month period thereafter, the Inspector General of the Board shall—

(i) identify any losses that the Inspector General estimates were incurred by the Fund during such 6-month period, with respect to insured credit unions;

(ii) for each loss to the Fund that is not a material loss, determine—

(I) the grounds identified by the Board or the State official having jurisdiction over a State credit union for appointing the Board as the liquidating agent for any Federal or State credit union; and

(II) whether any unusual circumstances exist that might warrant an in-depth review of the loss; and

(iii) prepare and submit a written report to the Board and to Congress on the results of the determinations of the Inspector General that includes—

(I) an identification of any loss that warrants an in-depth review, and the reasons such review is warranted, or if the Inspector General determines that no review is warranted, an explanation of such determination; and

(II) for each loss identified in subclause (I) that warrants an in-depth review, the date by which such review, and a report on the review prepared in a manner consistent with reports under paragraph (1)(A), will be completed.

(B) Deadline for semiannual report

The Inspector General of the Board shall—

(i) submit each report required under subparagraph (A) expeditiously, and not later than 90 days after the end of the 6-month period covered by the report; and

(ii) provide a copy of the report required under subparagraph (A) to any Member of Congress, upon request.

(5) GAO review

The Comptroller General of the United States shall, under such conditions as the Comptroller General determines to be appropriate—

(A) review each report made under paragraph (1), including the extent to which the Inspector General of the Board complied with the requirements under section 419 of title 5 with respect to each such report; and

(B) recommend improvements to the supervision of insured credit unions (including improvements relating to the implementation of this section).

(k) Appeals process

Material supervisory determinations, including decisions to require prompt corrective action, made pursuant to this section by Administration officials other than the Board may be appealed to the Board pursuant to the independent appellate process required by section 4806 of this title (or, if the Board so specifies, pursuant to separate procedures prescribed by regulation).

(l) Consultation and cooperation with State credit union supervisors

(1) In general

In implementing this section, the Board shall consult and seek to work cooperatively with State officials having jurisdiction over State-chartered insured credit unions.

(2) Evaluating net worth restoration plan

In evaluating any net worth restoration plan submitted by a State-chartered insured credit union, the Board shall seek the views of the State official having jurisdiction over the credit union.

(3) Deciding whether to appoint conservator or liquidating agent

With respect to any decision by the Board on whether to appoint a conservator or liquidating agent for a State-chartered insured credit union—

(A) the Board shall—

(i) seek the views of the State official having jurisdiction over the credit union; and

(ii) give that official an opportunity to take the proposed action;

(B) the Board shall, upon timely request of an official referred to in subparagraph (A), promptly provide the official with—

(i) a written statement of the reasons for the proposed action; and

(ii) reasonable time to respond to that statement;

(C) if the official referred to in subparagraph (A) makes a timely written response that disagrees with the proposed action and gives reasons for that disagreement, the Board shall not appoint a conservator or liquidating agent for the credit union, unless the Board, after considering the views of the official, has determined that—

(i) the Fund faces a significant risk of loss with respect to the credit union if a conservator or liquidating agent is not appointed; and

(ii) the appointment is necessary to reduce—

(I) the risk that the Fund would incur a loss with respect to the credit union; or

(II) any loss that the Fund is expected to incur with respect to the credit union; and

(D) the Board may not delegate any determination under subparagraph (C).

(m) Corporate credit unions exempted

This section does not apply to any insured credit union that—

(1) operates primarily for the purpose of serving credit unions; and

(2) permits individuals to be members of the credit union only to the extent that applicable law requires that such persons own shares.

(n) Other authority not affected

This section does not limit any authority of the Board or a State to take action in addition to (but not in derogation of) any action that is required under this section.

(o) Definitions

For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Federal banking agency

The term "Federal banking agency" has the same meaning as in section 1813 of this title.

(2) Net worth

The term "net worth"—

(A) with respect to any insured credit union, means the retained earnings balance of the credit union, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, together with any amounts that were previously retained earnings of any other credit union with which the credit union has combined;

(B) with respect to any insured credit union, includes, at the Board's discretion and subject to rules and regulations established by the Board, assistance provided under section 1788 of this title to facilitate a least-cost resolution consistent with the best interests of the credit union system; and

(C) with respect to a low-income credit union, includes secondary capital accounts that are—

(i) uninsured; and

(ii) subordinate to all other claims against the credit union, including the claims of creditors, shareholders, and the Fund.

(3) Net worth ratio

The term "net worth ratio" means, with respect to a credit union, the ratio of the net worth of the credit union to the total assets of the credit union.

(4) New credit union

The term "new credit union" means an insured credit union that—

(A) has been in operation for less than 10 years; and

(B) has not more than $10,000,000 in total assets.

(June 26, 1934, ch. 750, title II, §216, as added Pub. L. 105–219, title III, §301(a), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 923; amended Pub. L. 109–351, title V, §504, title VII, §726(25), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1975, 2003; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §988(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1938; Pub. L. 111–382, §3, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4135; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(33), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4346.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (j)(5)(A). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "section 419 of title 5" for "section 8L of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.)".

2011—Subsec. (o)(2). Pub. L. 111–382 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'net worth'—

"(A) with respect to any insured credit union, means the retained earnings balance of the credit union, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, together with any amounts that were previously retained earnings of any other credit union with which the credit union has combined; and

"(B) with respect to a low-income credit union, includes secondary capital accounts that are—

"(i) uninsured; and

"(ii) subordinate to all other claims against the credit union, including the claims of creditors, shareholders, and the Fund."

2010—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 111–203 amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For purposes of determining whether the Fund has incurred a material loss with respect to an insured credit union (such that the inspector general of the Board must make a report), a loss is material if it exceeds the sum of—

"(1) $10,000,000; and

"(2) an amount equal to 10 percent of the total assets of the credit union at the time at which the Board initiated assistance under section 1788 of this title or was appointed liquidating agent."

2006—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 109–351, §726(25), inserted "any action" before "that is required".

Subsec. (o)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–351, §504, inserted "the" before "retained earnings balance" and ", together with any amounts that were previously retained earnings of any other credit union with which the credit union has combined" before semicolon.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 105–219, title III, §301(e), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 931, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act [12 U.S.C. 1790d] (as added by this section) shall become effective 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 7, 1998].

"(2) Risk-based net worth requirement.—Section 216(d) of the Federal Credit Union Act (as added by this section) shall become effective on January 1, 2001."

Regulations

Pub. L. 105–219, title III, §301(d), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 930, provided that:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Board shall—

"(A) publish in the Federal Register proposed regulations to implement section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act [12 U.S.C. 1790d] (as added by subsection (a) of this section) not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 7, 1998]; and

"(B) promulgate final regulations to implement section 216 not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act.

"(2) Risk-based net worth requirement.—

"(A) Advance notice of proposed rulemaking.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Board shall publish in the Federal Register an advance notice of proposed rulemaking, as required by section 216(d) of the Federal Credit Union Act, as added by this Act.

"(B) Final regulations.—The Board shall promulgate final regulations, as required by section 216(d) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act."

Consultation Required

Pub. L. 105–219, title III, §301(c), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 930, provided that: "In developing regulations to implement section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act [12 U.S.C. 1790d] (as added by subsection (a) of this section), the Board shall consult with the Secretary, the Federal banking agencies, and the State officials having jurisdiction over State-chartered insured credit unions."

Report to Congress

Pub. L. 105–219, title III, §301(f), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 931, provided that: "When the Board publishes proposed regulations pursuant to subsection (d)(1)(A) [set out above], or promulgates final regulations pursuant to subsection (d)(1)(B) [set out above], the Board shall submit to the Congress a report that specifically explains—

"(1) how the regulations carry out section 216(b)(1)(B) of the Federal Credit Union Act [12 U.S.C. 1790d(b)(1)(B)] (as added by this section), relating to the cooperative character of credit unions; and

"(2) how the regulations differ from section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1831o], and the reasons for those differences."

Definitions

Pub. L. 105–219, §3, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 914, provided that: "As used in this Act [see Short Title of 1998 Amendment note set out under section 1751 of this title]—

"(1) the term 'Administration' means the National Credit Union Administration;

"(2) the term 'Board' means the National Credit Union Administration Board;

"(3) the term 'Federal banking agencies' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1813];

"(4) the terms 'insured credit union' and 'State-chartered insured credit union' have the same meanings as in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union Act [12 U.S.C. 1752]; and

"(5) the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Treasury."
12 U.S.C. § 5344 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter I: FINANCIAL STABILITY / Section 5344: Organizational structure; responsibilities of primary programmatic units
Organizational structure; responsibilities of primary programmatic units
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There are established within the Office, to carry out the programmatic responsibilities of the Office—

(1) the Data Center; and

(2) the Research and Analysis Center.

(b) Data Center

(1) General duties

(A) Data collection

The Data Center, on behalf of the Council, shall collect, validate, and maintain all data necessary to carry out the duties of the Data Center, as described in this part. The data assembled shall be obtained from member agencies, commercial data providers, publicly available data sources, and financial entities under subparagraph (B).

(B) Authority

(i) In general

The Office may, as determined by the Council or by the Director in consultation with the Council, require the submission of periodic and other reports from any financial company for the purpose of assessing the extent to which a financial activity or financial market in which the financial company participates, or the financial company itself, poses a threat to the financial stability of the United States.

(ii) Mitigation of report burden

Before requiring the submission of a report from any financial company that is regulated by a member agency, any primary financial regulatory agency, a foreign supervisory authority, or the Office shall coordinate with such agencies or authority, and shall, whenever possible, rely on information available from such agencies or authority.

(iii) Collection of financial transaction and position data

The Office shall collect, on a schedule determined by the Director, in consultation with the Council, financial transaction data and position data from financial companies.

(C) Rulemaking

The Office shall promulgate regulations pursuant to subsections (a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(7), and (c)(1) of section 5343 of this title regarding the type and scope of the data to be collected by the Data Center under this paragraph.

(2) Responsibilities

(A) Publication

The Data Center shall prepare and publish, in a manner that is easily accessible to the public—

(i) a financial company reference database;

(ii) a financial instrument reference database; and

(iii) formats and standards for Office data, including standards for reporting financial transaction and position data to the Office.

(B) Confidentiality

The Data Center shall not publish any confidential data under subparagraph (A).

(3) Information security

The Director shall ensure that data collected and maintained by the Data Center are kept secure and protected against unauthorized disclosure.

(4) Catalog of financial entities and instruments

The Data Center shall maintain a catalog of the financial entities and instruments reported to the Office.

(5) Availability to the Council and member agencies

The Data Center shall make data collected and maintained by the Data Center available to the Council and member agencies, as necessary to support their regulatory responsibilities.

(6) Other authority

The Office shall, after consultation with the member agencies, provide certain data to financial industry participants and to the general public to increase market transparency and facilitate research on the financial system, to the extent that intellectual property rights are not violated, business confidential information is properly protected, and the sharing of such information poses no significant threats to the financial system of the United States.

(c) Research and Analysis Center

(1) 1 General duties

The Research and Analysis Center, on behalf of the Council, shall develop and maintain independent analytical capabilities and computing resources—

(A) to develop and maintain metrics and reporting systems for risks to the financial stability of the United States;

(B) to monitor, investigate, and report on changes in systemwide risk levels and patterns to the Council and Congress;

(C) to conduct, coordinate, and sponsor research to support and improve regulation of financial entities and markets;

(D) to evaluate and report on stress tests or other stability-related evaluations of financial entities overseen by the member agencies;

(E) to maintain expertise in such areas as may be necessary to support specific requests for advice and assistance from financial regulators;

(F) to investigate disruptions and failures in the financial markets, report findings, and make recommendations to the Council based on those findings;

(G) to conduct studies and provide advice on the impact of policies related to systemic risk; and

(H) to promote best practices for financial risk management.

(d) Reporting responsibilities

(1) Required reports

Not later than 2 years after July 21, 2010, and not later than 120 days after the end of each fiscal year thereafter, the Office shall prepare and submit a report to Congress.

(2) Content

Each report required by this subsection shall assess the state of the United States financial system, including—

(A) an analysis of any threats to the financial stability of the United States;

(B) the status of the efforts of the Office in meeting the mission of the Office; and

(C) key findings from the research and analysis of the financial system by the Office.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §154, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1416.)

1 So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.
12 U.S.C. § 2266 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter V: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION / Section 2266: Hearings and judicial review
Hearings and judicial review
Status: in_force

(a) Venue; closed hearings; decisions and findings of fact; orders; modification or other action by Farm Credit Administration; judicial review

Any hearing provided for in this part (other than the hearing provided for in section 2265 of this title) shall be held in the Federal judicial district or in the territory in which the home office of the institution is located unless the party afforded the hearing consents to another place, and shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5. Such hearing shall be private, unless the Farm Credit Administration, in its discretion, after fully considering the views of the party afforded the hearing, determines that a public hearing is necessary to protect the public interest. After such hearing, and within ninety days after the Farm Credit Administration has notified the parties that the case has been submitted to it for final decision, it shall render its decision (which shall include findings of fact upon which its decision is predicated) and shall issue and serve upon each party to the proceeding an order or orders consistent with the provisions of this part. Judicial review of any such order shall be exclusively as provided in this section. Unless a petition for review is timely filed in a court of appeals of the United States, as hereinafter provided in subsection (b), and thereafter until the record in the proceeding has been filed as so provided, the Farm Credit Administration may at any time, upon such notice and in such manner as it shall deem proper, modify, terminate, or set aside any such order. Upon such filing of the record, the Farm Credit Administration may modify, terminate, or set aside any such order with permission of the court.

(b) Judicial review; commencement of proceedings; filing of petition and record; exclusive jurisdiction; finality of judgment and decree

Any party to the proceeding, or any person required by an order issued under this part to cease and desist from any of the violations or practices stated therein, may obtain a review of any order served under subsection (a) (other than an order issued with the consent of the System institution or the director or officer or other person concerned, or an order issued under section 2265 of this title) by the filing in the court of appeals of the United States for the circuit in which the home office of the institution is located, or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, within thirty days after the date of service of such order, a written petition praying that the order of the Farm Credit Administration be modified, terminated, or set aside. A copy of such petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Farm Credit Administration, and thereupon the Farm Credit Administration shall file in the court the record in the proceeding, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. Upon the filing of such petition, such court shall have jurisdiction, which upon the filing of the record shall except as provided in the last sentence of subsection (a) be exclusive, to affirm, modify, terminate, or set aside, in whole or in part, the order of the Farm Credit Administration. Review of such proceedings shall be had as provided in chapter 7 of title 5. The judgment and decree of the court shall be final, except that the same shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court upon certiorari, as provided in section 1254 of title 28.

(c) Proceedings operating as stays of orders

The commencement of proceedings for judicial review under subsection (b) shall not, unless specifically ordered by the court, operate as a stay of any order issued by the Farm Credit Administration.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title V, §5.30, as added Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §204, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1699; amended Pub. L. 100–233, title VIII, §805(cc), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1717.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5.30 of Pub. L. 92–181 was renumbered section 5.44 and transferred from section 2260 to section 2275 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5411(36), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4683.

Amendments

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–233 substituted "this section" for "this subsection (g)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective thirty days after Dec. 23, 1985, see section 401 of Pub. L. 99–205, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2001 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 4518 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter I: SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF ENTERPRISES / Section 4518: Prohibition and withholding of executive compensation
Prohibition and withholding of executive compensation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director shall prohibit the regulated entities from providing compensation to any executive officer of the regulated entity that is not reasonable and comparable with compensation for employment in other similar businesses (including other publicly held financial institutions or major financial services companies) involving similar duties and responsibilities.

(b) Factors

In making any determination under subsection (a), the Director may take into consideration any factors the Director considers relevant, including any wrongdoing on the part of the executive officer, and such wrongdoing shall include any fraudulent act or omission, breach of trust or fiduciary duty, violation of law, rule, regulation, order, or written agreement, and insider abuse with respect to the regulated entity. The approval of an agreement or contract pursuant to section 1723a(d)(3)(B) of this title or section 1452(h)(2) of this title shall not preclude the Director from making any subsequent determination under subsection (a).

(c) Withholding of compensation

In carrying out subsection (a), the Director may require a regulated entity to withhold any payment, transfer, or disbursement of compensation to an executive officer, or to place such compensation in an escrow account, during the review of the reasonableness and comparability of compensation.

(d) Prohibition of setting compensation

In carrying out subsection (a), the Director may not prescribe or set a specific level or range of compensation.

(e) Authority to regulate or prohibit certain forms of benefits to affiliated parties

(1) Golden parachutes and indemnification payments

The Director may prohibit or limit, by regulation or order, any golden parachute payment or indemnification payment.

(2) Factors to be taken into account

The Director shall prescribe, by regulation, the factors to be considered by the Director in taking any action pursuant to paragraph (1), which may include such factors as—

(A) whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that the affiliated party has committed any fraudulent act or omission, breach of trust or fiduciary duty, or insider abuse with regard to the regulated entity that has had a material effect on the financial condition of the regulated entity;

(B) whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that the affiliated party is substantially responsible for the insolvency of the regulated entity, the appointment of a conservator or receiver for the regulated entity, or the troubled condition of the regulated entity (as defined in regulations prescribed by the Director);

(C) whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that the affiliated party has materially violated any applicable provision of Federal or State law or regulation that has had a material effect on the financial condition of the regulated entity;

(D) whether the affiliated party was in a position of managerial or fiduciary responsibility; and

(E) the length of time that the party was affiliated with the regulated entity, and the degree to which—

(i) the payment reasonably reflects compensation earned over the period of employment; and

(ii) the compensation involved represents a reasonable payment for services rendered.

(3) Certain payments prohibited

No regulated entity may prepay the salary or any liability or legal expense of any affiliated party if such payment is made—

(A) in contemplation of the insolvency of such regulated entity, or after the commission of an act of insolvency; and

(B) with a view to, or having the result of—

(i) preventing the proper application of the assets of the regulated entity to creditors; or

(ii) preferring one creditor over another.

(4) Golden parachute payment defined

(A) In general

For purposes of this subsection, the term "golden parachute payment" means any payment (or any agreement to make any payment) in the nature of compensation by any regulated entity for the benefit of any affiliated party pursuant to an obligation of such regulated entity that—

(i) is contingent on the termination of such party's affiliation with the regulated entity; and

(ii) is received on or after the date on which—

(I) the regulated entity became insolvent;

(II) any conservator or receiver is appointed for such regulated entity; or

(III) the Director determines that the regulated entity is in a troubled condition (as defined in the regulations of the Director).

(B) Certain payments in contemplation of an event

Any payment which would be a golden parachute payment but for the fact that such payment was made before the date referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be treated as a golden parachute payment if the payment was made in contemplation of the occurrence of an event described in any subclause of such subparagraph.

(C) Certain payments not included

For purposes of this subsection, the term "golden parachute payment" shall not include—

(i) any payment made pursuant to a retirement plan which is qualified (or is intended to be qualified) under section 401 of title 26, or other nondiscriminatory benefit plan;

(ii) any payment made pursuant to a bona fide deferred compensation plan or arrangement which the Director determines, by regulation or order, to be permissible; or

(iii) any payment made by reason of the death or disability of an affiliated party.

(5) Other definitions

For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply:

(A) Indemnification payment

Subject to paragraph (6), the term "indemnification payment" means any payment (or any agreement to make any payment) by any regulated entity for the benefit of any person who is or was an affiliated party, to pay or reimburse such person for any liability or legal expense with regard to any administrative proceeding or civil action instituted by the Agency which results in a final order under which such person—

(i) is assessed a civil money penalty;

(ii) is removed or prohibited from participating in conduct of the affairs of the regulated entity; or

(iii) is required to take any affirmative action to correct certain conditions resulting from violations or practices, by order of the Director.

(B) Liability or legal expense

The term "liability or legal expense" means—

(i) any legal or other professional expense incurred in connection with any claim, proceeding, or action;

(ii) the amount of, and any cost incurred in connection with, any settlement of any claim, proceeding, or action; and

(iii) the amount of, and any cost incurred in connection with, any judgment or penalty imposed with respect to any claim, proceeding, or action.

(C) Payment

The term "payment" includes—

(i) any direct or indirect transfer of any funds or any asset; and

(ii) any segregation of any funds or assets for the purpose of making, or pursuant to an agreement to make, any payment after the date on which such funds or assets are segregated, without regard to whether the obligation to make such payment is contingent on—

(I) the determination, after such date, of the liability for the payment of such amount; or

(II) the liquidation, after such date, of the amount of such payment.

(6) Certain commercial insurance coverage not treated as covered benefit payment

No provision of this subsection shall be construed as prohibiting any regulated entity from purchasing any commercial insurance policy or fidelity bond, except that, subject to any requirement described in paragraph (5)(A)(iii), such insurance policy or bond shall not cover any legal or liability expense of the regulated entity which is described in paragraph (5)(A).

(Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1318, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3949; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1113(a), 1114, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2678, 2679.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–289, §1113(a)(1), substituted "and withholding of executive" for "of excessive" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §1113(a)(2), substituted "regulated entity" for "enterprise" and "regulated entities" for "enterprises".

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 110–289, §1113(a)(3), (4), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–289, §1114, added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Equity in Government Compensation

Pub. L. 114–93, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1310, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'Equity in Government Compensation Act of 2015'.

"SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

"In this Act:

"(1) Director.—The term 'Director' means the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

"(2) Enterprise.—The term 'enterprise' means—

"(A) the Federal National Mortgage Association and any affiliate thereof; and

"(B) the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and any affiliate thereof.

"SEC. 3. REASONABLE PAY FOR CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

"(a) Suspension of Current Compensation Package and Limitation.—The Director shall suspend the compensation packages approved for 2015 for the chief executive officers of each enterprise and, in lieu of such packages, subject to the limitation under subsection (b), establish the compensation and benefits for each such chief executive officer at the same level in effect for such officer as of January 1, 2015, and such compensation and benefits may not thereafter be increased.

"(b) Limitation on Bonuses.—Subsection (a) shall not be construed to affect the applicability of section 16 of the STOCK Act (12 U.S.C. 4518a) to the chief executive officer of each enterprise.

"(c) Applicability.—Subsection (a) shall only apply to a chief executive officer of an enterprise if the enterprise is in conservatorship or receivership pursuant to section 1367 of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4617).

"SEC. 4. FANNIE AND FREDDIE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS NOT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.

"Any chief executive officer affected by any provision under section 3 shall not be considered a Federal employee."
12 U.S.C. § 1081 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 7: FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION / Subchapter III: FEDERAL INTERMEDIATE CREDIT BANKS / Section 1081: Repealed. Pub. L. 92-181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624
Repealed. Pub. L. 92-181, title V, §5.26(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 624
Status: repealed

Section, act July 17, 1916, ch. 245, title II, §207, as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title I, §2, 42 Stat. 1458; amended May 19, 1932, ch. 191, §4, 47 Stat. 159; Ex. Ord. No. 6084, Mar. 27, 1933, covered liability of intermediate credit banks on debentures or other such obligations. See section 2074 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2809 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 29: HOME MORTGAGE DISCLOSURE / Section 2809: Compilation of aggregate data
Compilation of aggregate data
Status: in_force

(a) Commencement; scope of data and tables

Beginning with data for calendar year 1980, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council shall compile each year, for each primary metropolitan statistical area, metropolitan statistical area, or consolidated metropolitan statistical area that is not comprised of designated primary metropolitan statistical areas, aggregate data by census tract for all depository institutions which are required to disclose data under section 2803 of this title or which are exempt pursuant to section 2805(b) of this title. The Council shall also produce tables indicating, for each primary metropolitan statistical area, metropolitan statistical area, or consolidated metropolitan statistical area that is not comprised of designated primary metropolitan statistical areas, aggregate lending patterns for various categories of census tracts grouped according to location, age of housing stock, income level, and racial characteristics.

(b) Staff and data processing resources

The Bureau shall provide staff and data processing resources to the Council to enable it to carry out the provisions of subsection (a).

(c) Availability to public

The data and tables required pursuant to subsection (a) shall be made available to the public by no later than December 31 of the year following the calendar year on which the data is based.

(Pub. L. 94–200, title III, §310, as added Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §340(c), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1658; amended Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title VII, §701(a)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1094(1), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2097.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2809, Pub. L. 94–200, title III, §310, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1128, provided for termination of authority granted by this chapter, prior to repeal by section 340(b) of Pub. L. 96–399. See section 2811 of this title.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–203 substituted "Bureau" for "Board".

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–181 substituted "primary metropolitan statistical area, metropolitan statistical area, or consolidated metropolitan statistical area that is not comprised of designated primary metropolitan statistical areas" for "standard metropolitan statistical areas" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
12 U.S.C. § 375a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter X: POWERS AND DUTIES OF MEMBER BANKS / Section 375a: Loans to executive officers of banks
Loans to executive officers of banks
Status: in_force

(1) General prohibition; authorization for extension of credit; conditions for credit

Except as authorized under this section, no member bank may extend credit in any manner to any of its own executive officers. No executive officer of any member bank may become indebted to that member bank except by means of an extension of credit which the bank is authorized to make under this section. Any extension of credit under this section shall be promptly reported to the board of directors of the bank, and may be made only if—

(A) the bank would be authorized to make it to borrowers other than its officers;

(B) it is on terms not more favorable than those afforded other borrowers;

(C) the officer has submitted a detailed current financial statement; and

(D) it is on condition that it shall become due and payable on demand of the bank at any time when the officer is indebted to any other bank or banks on account of extensions of credit of any one of the three categories respectively referred to in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) in an aggregate amount greater than the amount of credit of the same category that could be extended to him by the bank of which he is an officer.

(2) Mortgage loans

A member bank may make a loan to any executive officer of the bank if, at the time the loan is made—

(A) it is secured by a first lien on a dwelling which is expected, after the making of the loan, to be owned by the officer and used by him as his residence, and

(B) no other loan by the bank to the officer under authority of this paragraph is outstanding.

(3) Educational loans

A member bank may make extensions of credit to any executive officer of the bank to finance the education of the children of the officer.

(4) General limitation on amount of credit

A member bank may make extensions of credit not otherwise specifically authorized under this section to any executive officer of the bank, in an amount prescribed in a regulation of the member bank's appropriate Federal banking agency.

(5) Partnership loans

Except to the extent permitted under paragraph (4), a member bank may not extend credit to a partnership in which one or more of its executive officers are partners having either individually or together a majority interest. For the purposes of paragraph (4), the full amount of any credit so extended shall be considered to have been extended to each officer of the bank who is a member of the partnership.

(6) Endorsement or guarantee of loans or assets; protective indebtedness

This section does not prohibit any executive officer of a member bank from endorsing or guaranteeing for the protection of the bank any loan or other asset previously acquired by the bank in good faith or from incurring any indebtedness to the bank for the purpose of protecting the bank against loss or giving financial assistance to it.

(7) Continuation of violation

Each day that any extension of credit in violation of this section exists is a continuation of the violation for the purposes of section 1818 of this title.

(8) Rules and regulations; definitions

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may prescribe such rules and regulations, including definitions of terms, as it deems necessary to effectuate the purposes and to prevent evasions of this section.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §22(g), as added June 16, 1933, ch. 89, §12, 48 Stat. 182; amended June 14, 1935, ch. 245, 49 Stat. 375; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §326(c), 49 Stat. 716; Apr. 25, 1938, ch. 173, 52 Stat. 223; June 20, 1939, ch. 214, §1, 53 Stat. 842; Pub. L. 90–44, §1, July 3, 1967, 81 Stat. 109; Pub. L. 95–630, title I, §110, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3665; Pub. L. 97–320, title IV, §421, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1522; Pub. L. 103–325, title III, §334(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2233; Pub. L. 109–351, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1978.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Proviso which permitted renewal or extension of loans made to executive officers prior to June 16, 1933, for periods expiring not more than five years from June 16, 1939, was omitted as obsolete.

Amendments

2006—Pars. (6) to (10). Pub. L. 109–351 redesignated pars. (7), (8), and (10) as (6), (7), and (8), respectively, and struck out former pars. (6) and (9) which related to report of date and amount of credit extensions, security, and uses of proceeds upon excessive extension of credit and report of loan activity since previous report of condition, respectively.

1994—Par. (2). Pub. L. 103–325 in introductory provisions substituted "A member" for "With the specific prior approval of its board of directors, a member".

1982—Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–320, §421(a), struck out "not exceeding $60,000" after "may make a loan".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 97–320, §421(a), struck out ", not exceeding the aggregate amount of $20,000 outstanding at any one time," after "officer of the bank".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 97–320, §421(b), substituted "in an amount prescribed in a regulation of the member bank's appropriate Federal banking agency" for "not exceeding the aggregate amount of $10,000 outstanding at any one time".

1978—Par. (2). Pub. L. 95–630 substituted "$60,000" for "$30,000".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 95–630 substituted "$20,000" for "$10,000".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 95–630 substituted "$10,000" for "$5,000".

1967—Par. (1). Pub. L. 90–44 rewrote in first sentence of provisions designated as par. (1) the prohibition of former first sentence against any executive officer borrowing or otherwise becoming indebted to a member bank of which he is an officer and against any member bank making any loan or extending credit in any other manner to any of its own executive officers, authorized member banks to extend credit to such executive officers and to report such extensions to the board of directors, and provided in subpars. (A) to (D) conditions for such extension of credit.

Pars. (2), (3). Pub. L. 90–44 inserted provisions, designated as pars. (2) and (3), for mortgage loans and educational loans, respectively.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 90–44 incorporated proviso of first sentence in provisions designated as par. (4), increased amount of available credit from $2,500 to $5,000, and struck out requirement of prior approval of credit by majority of entire board of directors.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 90–44 substituted provisions, designated as par. (5), for extension of credit to partnerships for former provisions of third sentence that "Borrowing by, or loaning to, a partnership in which one or more executive officers of a member bank are partners having either individually or together a majority interest in said partnership, shall be considered within the prohibition of this section".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 90–44 incorporated reporting requirement of second sentence in provisions designated as par. (6) but limited it to extensions of credit from other banks to the executive officers as exceeded amounts available to such officers from their member banks under pars. (2) to (4) of this section.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 90–44 designated provisions of fourth sentence as par. (7).

Par. (8). Pub. L. 90–44 designated proviso of sixth sentence as par. (8) and identified the violation as one for purposes of section 1818 of this title.

Par. (9). Pub. L. 90–44 added requirement, designated as par. (9), that member banks report all loans made under authority of this section since previous report of condition.

Par. (10). Pub. L. 90–44 designated provisions of fifth sentence as par. (10) and substituted general authorization for definition of terms for former specific authorization for definition of "executive officer" and for determination what shall be deemed to be a borrowing, indebtedness, loan, or extension of credit.

Pub. L. 90–44 struck out former sixth sentence, less proviso, which provided for removal from office in manner prescribed in former section 77 of this title of any executive officer of member bank accepting a loan or extension of credit in violation of this section.

1939—Act June 20, 1939, substituted "June 16, 1939," for "from such date", in first sentence.

1938—Par. (1). Act Apr. 25, 1938, substituted "six" for "five" in first sentence.

1935—Act Aug. 23, 1935, added last two provisos.

Act June 14, 1935, struck out a proviso and inserted in lieu thereof first proviso.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment effective upon expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see sec. 2101 of Pub. L. 95–630 set out as an Effective Date note under section 375b of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1865 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 18: BANK SERVICE COMPANIES / Section 1865: Prior approval for investments in bank service companies
Prior approval for investments in bank service companies
Status: in_force

(a) Approval of Federal banking agency

No insured depository institution shall invest in the capital stock of a bank service company that performs any service under authority of subsection (c), (d), or (e) of section 1864 of this title without prior notice, as determined by the appropriate Federal banking agency for the insured depository institution.

(b) Approval of Board

No insured depository institution shall invest in the capital stock of a bank service company that performs any service authorized only under authority of section 1864(f) of this title and no bank service company shall perform any activity authorized only under section 1864(f) of this title without the prior approval of the Board.

(c) Considerations in determining approval

In determining whether to approve or deny any application for prior approval or whether to approve or disapprove any notice under this section, the Board or the appropriate Federal banking agency, as the case may be, is authorized to consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of any insured depository institution and bank service company involved, including the financial capability of the insured depository institution to make a proposed investment under this chapter, and possible adverse effects such as undue concentration of resources, unfair or decreased competition, conflicts of interest, or unsafe or unsound banking practices.

(d) Failure to act on application for approval

In the event the Board or the appropriate Federal banking agency, as the case may be, fails to act on any application under this section within ninety days of the submission of a complete application to the agency, the application shall be deemed approved.

(Pub. L. 87–856, §5, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1133; Pub. L. 95–630, title III, §308, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3677; Pub. L. 97–320, title VII, §709, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1542; Pub. L. 103–325, title III, §323, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2227; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2613(f), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–478; Pub. L. 109–351, title VI, §602(b)(4), Oct. 13, 2006, 120 Stat. 1980.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–351, §602(b)(4)(A), substituted "insured depository institution" for "insured bank", struck out "bank's" before "appropriate Federal banking agency", and inserted "for the insured depository institution" before period at end.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–351, §602(b)(4)(B), substituted "insured depository institution" for "insured bank" and inserted "authorized only" after "performs any service" and "perform any activity".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–351, §602(b)(4)(C), substituted "any insured depository institution" for "the bank or banks" and "capability of the insured depository institution" for "capability of the bank".

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "companies" for "corporations" in section catchline and "company" for "corporation" wherever appearing in text.

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–325, §323(1), substituted "prior notice, as determined by" for "the prior approval of".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–325, §323(2), inserted "or whether to approve or disapprove any notice" after "approval".

1982—Pub. L. 97–320 substituted provisions relating to prior approval for investments in bank service corporations for provisions relating to regulation and examination of bank services for a regularly examined bank or its subsidiary or affiliate whether performed on or off its premises. See section 1867(c) of this title.

1978—Pub. L. 95–630 among other changes, substituted provisions requiring banks regularly examined by a Federal supervisory agency, which cause to be performed, by contract or otherwise, any bank service for itself, to notify such supervisory agency of the existence of a service relationship within 30 days after making such service contract or performance of service, whichever occurs first for provisions requiring that no bank subject to examination by a Federal supervisory agency may cause to be performed, by contract or otherwise, any bank service for itself unless satisfactory assurances are furnished to such supervisory agency by both the bank and the party performing such services that the performances thereof will be subject to regulation and examination by such agency to the same extent as if such services were being performed by the bank itself.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630 effective on expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 2101 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as an Effective Date note under section 375b of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 5364 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter I: FINANCIAL STABILITY / Section 5364: Prohibition against management interlocks between certain financial companies
Prohibition against management interlocks between certain financial companies
Status: in_force

A nonbank financial company supervised by the Board of Governors shall be treated as a bank holding company for purposes of the Depository Institutions 1 Management Interlocks Act (12 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.), except that the Board of Governors shall not exercise the authority provided in section 7 2 of that Act (12 U.S.C. 3207) to permit service by a management official of a nonbank financial company supervised by the Board of Governors as a management official of any bank holding company with total consolidated assets equal to or greater than $250,000,000,000, or other nonaffiliated nonbank financial company supervised by the Board of Governors (other than to provide a temporary exemption for interlocks resulting from a merger, acquisition, or consolidation).

(Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §164, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1423; Pub. L. 115–174, title IV, §401(c)(1)(F), May 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 1358.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Depository Institution Management Interlocks Act, referred to in text, is title II of Pub. L. 95–630, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3672, which is classified principally to chapter 33 (§3201 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3201 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–174 substituted "$250,000,000,000" for "$50,000,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Except as otherwise provided, amendment by Pub. L. 115–174 effective 18 months after May 24, 2018, see section 401(d) of Pub. L. 115–174, set out as a note under section 5365 of this title.

Construction of 2018 Amendment

For construction of amendment by Pub. L. 115–174 as applied to certain foreign banking organizations, see section 401(g) of Pub. L. 115–174, set out as a note under section 5365 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "Institution".

2 So in original. There is no section 7 of such Act.
12 U.S.C. § 4108 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 42: LOW-INCOME HOUSING PRESERVATION AND RESIDENT HOMEOWNERSHIP / Subchapter I: PREPAYMENT OF MORTGAGES INSURED UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT / Section 4108: Prepayment and voluntary termination
Prepayment and voluntary termination
Status: in_force

(a) Approval

The Secretary may approve a plan of action that provides for termination of the low-income affordability restrictions through prepayment of the mortgage or voluntary termination of the mortgage insurance contract only upon a written finding that—

(1) implementation of the plan of action will not—

(A) materially increase economic hardship for current tenants, and will not in any event result in (i) a monthly rental payment by any current tenant that exceeds 30 percent of the monthly adjusted income of the tenant or an increase in the monthly rental payment in any year that exceeds 10 percent (whichever is lower), or (ii) in the case of a current tenant who already pays more than such percentage, an increase in the monthly rental payment in any year that exceeds the increase in the Consumer Price Index or 10 percent (whichever is lower); or

(B) involuntarily displace current tenants (except for good cause) where comparable and affordable housing is not readily available determined without regard to the availability of Federal housing assistance that would address any such hardship or involuntary displacement; and

(2) the supply of vacant, comparable housing is sufficient to ensure that such prepayment will not materially affect—

(A) the availability of decent, safe, and sanitary housing affordable to low-income and very low-income families or persons in the area that the housing could reasonably be expected to serve;

(B) the ability of low-income and very low-income families or persons to find affordable, decent, safe, and sanitary housing near employment opportunities; or

(C) the housing opportunities of minorities in the community within which the housing is located.

(b) Standards and procedure for written findings

(1) Standards

A written finding under subsection (a) shall be based on an analysis of the evidence considered by the Secretary in reaching such finding and shall contain documentation of such evidence.

(2) Procedure and criteria

The Secretary shall, by regulation, develop (A) a procedure for determining whether the conditions under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) exist, (B) requirements for evidence on which such determinations are based, and (C) criteria on which such determinations are based.

(c) Disapproval

If the Secretary determines a plan of action to prepay a mortgage or terminate an insurance contract fails to meet the requirements of subsection (a), the Secretary shall disapprove the plan, the notice of intent filed under section 4102 of this title by such owner shall not be effective for purposes of this subchapter, and the owner may, in order to receive incentives under this subchapter, file a new notice of intent under such section.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title II, §218, as added Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4256; amended Pub. L. 102–550, title III, §305, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3763.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 102–550 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).
12 U.S.C. § 1735c (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Subchapter V: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 1735c: General Insurance Fund
General Insurance Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment; purpose; mortgages or loans insurable; transfers to

There is hereby created a General Insurance Fund which shall be used by the Secretary, on and after August 10, 1965, as a revolving fund for carrying out all the insurance provisions of this chapter with the exception of those specified in subsection (e). All mortgages or loans insured under this chapter pursuant to commitments issued on or after August 10, 1965, except those specified in subsection (e), and all loans reported for insurance under section 1703 of this title on or after August 10, 1965, shall be insured under the General Insurance Fund. The Secretary shall transfer to the General Insurance Fund—

(1) the assets and liabilities of all insurance accounts and funds, except the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund, existing under this chapter immediately prior to August 10, 1965;

(2) all outstanding commitments for insurance issued prior to August 10, 1965, except those specified in subsection (e);

(3) the insurance on all mortgages and loans insured prior to August 10, 1965, except insurance specified in subsection (e); and

(4) the insurance of all loans made by approved financial institutions pursuant to section 1703 of this title prior to August 10, 1965.

(b) Expenses chargeable to Fund

The general expenses of the operations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development relating to mortgages and loans which are the obligation of the General Insurance Fund may be charged to the General Insurance Fund.

(c) Deposit or investment of moneys; purchase of debentures

Moneys in the General Insurance Fund not needed for the current operations of the Department of Housing and Urban Development with respect to mortgages and loans which are the obligation of the General Insurance Fund shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States to the credit of such Fund, or invested in bonds or other obligations of, or in bonds or other obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States: Provided, That such moneys shall to the maximum extent feasible be invested in such bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market. The Secretary may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, purchase in the open market debentures issued as obligations of the General Insurance Fund or issued prior to August 10, 1965, under other provisions of this chapter, except debentures issued under the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. Such purchases shall be made at a price which will provide an investment yield of not less than the yield obtainable from other investments authorized by this section. Debentures so purchased shall be canceled and not reissued.

(d) Credits and charges to Fund

Premium charges, adjusted premium charges, and appraisal and other fees received on account of the insurance of any mortgage or loan which is the obligation of the General Insurance Fund, the receipts derived from the property covered by such mortgages and loans and from the claims, debts, contracts, property, and security assigned to the Secretary in connection therewith, and all earnings on the assets of the Fund shall be credited to the General Insurance Fund. The principal of, and interest paid and to be paid on, debentures which are the obligation of such Fund, cash insurance payments and adjustments, and expenses incurred in the handling, management, renovation, and disposal of properties acquired, in connection with mortgages and loans which are the obligation of such Fund, shall be charged to such Fund.

(e) Restrictions on use of Fund

The General Insurance Fund shall not be used for carrying out the provisions of section 1709 of this title, except as determined by the Secretary, or the provisions of section 1715e of this title to the extent that they involve mortgages the insurance for which is the obligation of the Cooperative Management Housing Insurance Fund created by section 1715e(k) of this title, or the provisions of sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1 and 1715z–2 1 of this title; and nothing in this section shall apply to or affect any mortgages, loans, commitments, or insurance under such provisions.

(f) Risk assessment

The Secretary shall undertake an annual assessment of the risks associated with each of the insurance programs comprising the General Insurance Fund, and shall present findings from such review to the Congress in the FHA Annual Management Report.

(June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §519, as added Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §214, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 471; amended Pub. L. 90–19, §1(a)(1), (3), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 90–448, title I, §104(c), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 91–609, title I, §117(e), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1775; Pub. L. 94–375, §10, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1073; Pub. L. 95–24, title I, §102, Apr. 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 95–557, title III, §310, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2098; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §305, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §305, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1639; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §334, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, §403], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1208; Pub. L. 102–550, title I, §185(c)(2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3748; Pub. L. 103–233, title I, §§103(g)(2), 105(b), Apr. 11, 1994, 108 Stat. 362, 363; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2118(c)(2), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1715z–2 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title I, §2120(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2835.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "1709 of this title, except as determined by the Secretary" for "1709(b) (except as provided in section 1709(v)), (h), and (i) of this title".

1994—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–233, §105(b), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to cover losses sustained by the General Insurance Fund."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–233, §105(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f).

Pub. L. 103–233, §103(g)(2), added subsec. (g).

1992—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–550 inserted "(except as provided in section 1709(v))" after "1709(b)".

1983—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–181 inserted "such sums as may be necessary" after "appropriated", and struck out "not to exceed $1,738,000,000, which amount shall be increased by $126,673,000 on October 1, 1981" after "Insurance Fund".

1981—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provision increasing authorization on Oct. 1, 1981.

1980—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–399 substituted "$1,738,000,000" for "$1,341,000,000, which amount shall be increased by $165,000,000 on October 1, 1978, which shall be increased by not to exceed $93,000,000 on October 1, 1979".

1979—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–153 provided for an increase of $93,000,000 on October 1, 1979.

1978—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–557 inserted "which amount shall be increased by $165,000,000 on October 1, 1978".

1977—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–24 substituted "$1,341,000,000" for "$500,000,000".

1976—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–375 added subsec. (f).

1970—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–609 provided for guarantee as to principal and interest by any agency of the United States and for investment of moneys in bonds or other obligations the proceeds of which will be used to directly support the residential mortgage market.

1968—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–448 prohibited use of Fund for carrying out provisions of sections 1715n(e), 1715x(a)(2), 1715z, 1715z–1 and 1715z–2 of this title.

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Department of Housing and Urban Development" for "Federal Housing Administration" wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section and "Secretary" for "Commissioner" in subsecs. (a), (c), and (d) of this section, respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 4225 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 43: ACTIONS AGAINST PERSONS COMMITTING BANK FRAUD CRIMES / Subchapter II: DECLARATIONS PROVIDING UNITED STATES WITH NEW INFORMATION CONCERNING RECOVERY OF ASSETS / Section 4225: Rights of declarants; participation in actions, awards
Rights of declarants; participation in actions, awards
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A person who has filed a declaration that meets the requirements of sections 4221 through 4224 of this title shall have the rights stated in this section.

(b) Civil action

If the Attorney General determines that a proceeding to recover the asset or assets identified in the declaration should be referred to private counsel pursuant to subchapter III, the declarant, after consultation with the Attorney General, shall have the right to select counsel to prosecute the action, and the declarant and the declarant's counsel shall act in accordance with subchapter III.

(c) Share of assets

When the United States recovers any asset or assets specifically identified in a valid declaration filed under section 4221 of this title and the Attorney General determines that the asset or assets would not have been recovered if the declaration had not been filed, the declarant shall have the right to share in the recovery in the amount of 20 percent to 30 percent of any recovery up to the first $1,000,000 recovered, 10 percent to 20 percent of the next $4,000,000 recovered, and 5 percent to 10 percent of the next $5,000,000 recovered.

(d) Prohibition of double awards

(1) No person shall receive both an award under this section and a reward under either section 1831k of this title or section 3509A 1 of title 18 for providing the same or substantially similar information.

(2) When a person qualifies for both an award under this section and a reward under either section 1831k of this title or section 3509A 1 of title 18 for providing the same or substantially similar information, the person may notify the Attorney General in writing of the person's election to seek an award under this section or a reward under such other section.

(e) Appropriate Federal banking agency exception

For purposes of this section, funds or assets acquired by the United States shall not include any funds or assets acquired by any appropriate Federal banking agency acting in any capacity or the Resolution Trust Corporation acting in any capacity, except for any civil money penalties recovered by a Federal banking agency through a final judgement, order, or settlement.

(Pub. L. 101–647, title XXV, §2580, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4901.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 3509A of title 18, referred to in subsec. (d), probably is a reference to former section 3059A of title 18, which was repealed by Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title III, §301(c)(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1781.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 4117 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 42: LOW-INCOME HOUSING PRESERVATION AND RESIDENT HOMEOWNERSHIP / Subchapter I: PREPAYMENT OF MORTGAGES INSURED UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT / Section 4117: Delegated responsibility to State agencies
Delegated responsibility to State agencies
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In addition to any responsibilities delegated under section 4103(c) of this title, the Secretary shall delegate some or all responsibility for implementing this subchapter to a State housing agency if such agency submits a preservation plan acceptable to the Secretary.

(b) Approval

State preservation plans shall be submitted in such form and in accordance with such procedures as the Secretary shall establish. The Secretary may approve plans that contain—

(1) an inventory of low-income housing located within the State that is or will be eligible low-income housing under this subchapter within 5 years;

(2) a description of the agency's experience in the area of multifamily financing and restructuring;

(3) a description of the administrative resources that the agency will commit to the processing of plans of action in accordance with this subchapter;

(4) a description of the administrative resources that the agency will commit to the monitoring of approved plans of action in accordance with this subchapter;

(5) an independent analysis of the performance of the multifamily housing inventory financed or otherwise monitored by the agency;

(6) a certification by the public official responsible for submitting the comprehensive housing affordability strategy under section 12705 of title 42 that the proposed activities are consistent with the approved housing strategy of the State within which the eligible low-income housing is located; and

(7) such other certifications or information that the Secretary determines to be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this subchapter.

(c) Implementation agreements

The Secretary may enter into any agreements necessary to implement an approved State preservation plan, which may include incentives that are authorized under other provisions of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title II, §227, as added Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4270.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 102–550, title III, §315, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3770, provided that: "The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue interim regulations implementing section 227 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987 (as amended by section 601(a) of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act) [12 U.S.C. 4117] not later than the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1992], which shall take effect upon issuance. The Secretary shall issue final regulations implementing such section 227 after notice and opportunity for public comment regarding the interim regulations, pursuant to the provisions of section 553 of title 5, United States Code (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section). The duration of the period for public comment shall not be less than 60 days, and the final regulations shall be issued not later than the expiration of the 60-day period beginning upon the conclusion of the comment period and shall take effect upon issuance."
12 U.S.C. § 322 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter VIII: STATE BANKS AS MEMBERS OF SYSTEM / Section 322: Determination on application
Determination on application
Status: in_force

In acting upon such applications the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall consider the financial condition of the applying bank, the general character of its management, and whether or not the corporate powers exercised are consistent with the purposes of this chapter.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §9 (par.), as added June 21, 1917, ch. 32, §3, 40 Stat. 233; amended Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of the fourth par. of section 9 of act Dec. 23, 1913, as amended. The fourth par. constituted the second par. of section 9 in 1917 (40 Stat. 232), became the third par. in 1927 (44 Stat. 1229), and became the fourth par. in 1950 (64 Stat. 458). For further details, see Codification note set out under section 321 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
12 U.S.C. § 635n (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6A: EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES / Subchapter II: EXPORT FINANCING / Section 635n: Prohibition of loans, guarantees, and insurance as to sales of defense articles or services
Prohibition of loans, guarantees, and insurance as to sales of defense articles or services
Status: in_force

The Bank shall not extend loans, guarantees, or insurance under this subchapter in connection with the sale of defense articles or defense services.

(Pub. L. 90–390, §5, July 7, 1968, 82 Stat. 297.)
12 U.S.C. § 5602 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5602: Reverse mortgage study and regulations
Reverse mortgage study and regulations
Status: in_force

(a) Study

Not later than 1 year after the designated transfer date, the Bureau shall conduct a study on reverse mortgage transactions.

(b) Regulations

(1) In general

If the Bureau determines through the study required under subsection (a) that conditions or limitations on reverse mortgage transactions are necessary or appropriate for accomplishing the purposes and objectives of this title,1 including protecting borrowers with respect to the obtaining of reverse mortgage loans for the purpose of funding investments, annuities, and other investment products and the suitability of a borrower in obtaining a reverse mortgage for such purpose.2

(2) Identified practices and integrated disclosures

The regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) may, as the Bureau may so determine—

(A) identify any practice as unfair, deceptive, or abusive in connection with a reverse mortgage transaction; and

(B) provide for an integrated disclosure standard and model disclosures for reverse mortgage transactions, consistent with section 4302(d),1 that combines the relevant disclosures required under the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act [12 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.], with the disclosures required to be provided to consumers for Home Equity Conversion Mortgages under section 1715z–20 of this title.

(c) Rule of construction

This section shall not be construed as limiting the authority of the Bureau to issue regulations, orders, or guidance that apply to reverse mortgages prior to the completion of the study required under subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1076, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2075.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955, known as the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, which enacted this subchapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Section 4302(d), referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), probably was a reference to section 4302(d) of the House Engrossed version of H.R. 4173, 111th Congress. A later version of H.R. 4173 was enacted as Pub. L. 111–203, and as so enacted, doesn't contain a section 4302. However, section 1032(f) of Pub. L. 111–203, which is classified to section 5532(f) of this title, contains substantially similar provisions to the section 4302(d) that was probably referred to.

The Truth in Lending Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), is title I of Pub. L. 90–321, May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 146, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1601 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), probably means the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93–533, Dec. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 1724, which is classified principally to chapter 27 (§2601 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2601 of this title and Tables.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Sentence does not appear to be complete.
12 U.S.C. § 414 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter XII: FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES / Section 414: Authority of Board of Governors respecting issuance of notes; interest; lien
Authority of Board of Governors respecting issuance of notes; interest; lien
Status: in_force

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall have the right, acting through the Federal Reserve agent, to grant in whole or in part, or to reject entirely the application of any Federal Reserve bank for Federal Reserve notes; but to the extent that such application may be granted the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall, through its local Federal Reserve agent, supply Federal Reserve notes to the banks so applying, and such bank shall be charged with the amount of the notes issued to it and shall pay such rate of interest as may be established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on only that amount of such notes which equals the total amount of its outstanding Federal Reserve notes less the amount of gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve agent as collateral security. Federal Reserve notes issued to any such bank shall, upon delivery, together with such notes of such Federal Reserve bank as may be issued under subchapter XIII 1 of this chapter upon security of United States 2 per centum Government bonds, become a first and paramount lien on all the assets of such bank.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §16 (par.), 38 Stat. 266; June 21, 1917, ch. 32, §7, 40 Stat. 237; Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, §2(b)(5), 48 Stat. 338; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704; June 12, 1945, ch. 186, §1(b), 59 Stat. 237; Pub. L. 90–269, §4, Mar. 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 50.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subchapter XIII of this chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "section 18 of this Act", meaning section 18 of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. Section 18 of the act was classified generally to subchapter XIII (§441 et seq.) of this chapter.

Codification

Section is comprised of fourth par. of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title.

Amendments

1968—Pub. L. 90–269 repealed first sentence provisions that Board of Governors require each Federal Reserve bank to maintain on deposit in the Treasury a sum in gold certificates sufficient, in the judgment of the Secretary of the Treasury, for redemption of Federal Reserve notes issued to such bank, but not less than 5 percent of total amount of notes issued less amount of gold certificates held by the Federal Reserve agent as collateral security, and counting and including such deposit of gold certificates as part of the 25 percent reserve formerly required by section 413 of this title to be maintained against Federal Reserve notes in actual circulation and substituted in the first, formerly second sentence, "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System" for "Board".

1945—Act June 12, 1945, substituted in first sentence "25 per centum reserve required by section 413 of this title to be maintained against Federal Reserve notes in actual circulation" for "40 per centum reserve required by section 413 of this title".

1934—Act Jan. 30, 1934, amended first sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 141 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter VIII: RESERVE CITIES; LAWFUL RESERVES / Section 141: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, R.S. §5191 (part); acts Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 251; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704, which set out a list of reserve and central reserve cities and permitted the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to reclassify, add to, or terminate the designation of such cities, was apparently included in the 1926 ed. of the Code on the basis of authorities other than the source credits. Accordingly, and because the continuing accuracy of the table was doubtful, this section was omitted.

Some of the other provisions of R.S. §5191 are classified to sections 142 and 143 of this title and some were not included in the Code.

For classification of other provisions of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Central Reserve and Reserve Cities

Pub. L. 86–114, §3(b), July 28, 1959, 73 Stat. 263, provided that: "Effective three years after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 28, 1959]—

"(1) New York and Chicago are reclassified as reserve cities under the Federal Reserve Act;

"(2) the classification 'central reserve city' under the Federal Reserve Act, and the authority of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to classify or reclassify cities as 'central reserve cities' under such Act, are terminated;

"(3) section 5192 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (12 U.S.C., sec. 144) is amended by striking out 'central reserve or';

"(4) section 2 of the Act of March 3, 1887 (ch. 378; 24 Stat. 560) is repealed;

"(5) the last paragraph of section 2 of the Federal Reserve act (12 U.S.C., sec. 224) is amended by striking out 'and central reserve cities';

"(6) section 11(e) of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C., sec. 248e) is amended by striking out 'and central reserve' each place it appears;

"(7) the third paragraph (lettered (a)) of section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C., sec. 462) is amended by striking out 'or central reserve';

"(8) the fifth paragraph (lettered (c)) of such section 19 is repealed;

"(9) subparagraph (2) of the sixth paragraph of such section 19 (as added by the first section of this Act) is amended by striking out 'and a member bank in a central reserve city may hold and maintain the reserve balances which are in effect under this section for member banks described in paragraph (a) or (b),';

"(10) the seventh paragraph of such section 19 is amended by striking out clauses (1), (2), (3), and (4) and inserting in lieu thereof the following: '(1) by member banks in reserve cities, (2) by member banks not in reserve cities, or (3) by all member banks'; and

"(11) the seventh paragraph of such section is further amended by striking out 'and central reserve cities'."
12 U.S.C. § 2145 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter III: BANKS FOR COOPERATIVES / Section 2145: Exchange of ownership interests
Exchange of ownership interests
Status: in_force

On the establishment of the consolidated bank, ownership interests of the stockholders and subscribers to the guaranty funds of the constituent district banks for cooperatives (including stock, participation certificates, and allocated equities) shall be exchanged for like ownership interests in the consolidated bank on a book value basis.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title III, §3.24, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §415(2), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1644.)
12 U.S.C. § 52 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter II: CAPITAL, STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS / Section 52: Par value and incidents of stock; transfer of shares
Par value and incidents of stock; transfer of shares
Status: in_force

The capital stock of each association shall be divided into shares of $100 each, or into shares of such less amount as may be provided in the articles of association, and be deemed personal property, and transferable on the books of the association in such manner as may be prescribed in the by-laws or articles of association. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall, in proportion to his shares, succeed to all rights and liabilities of the prior holder of such shares; and no change shall be made in the articles of association by which the rights, remedies, or security of the existing creditors of the association shall be impaired.

Certificates issued after August 23, 1935, representing shares of stock of the association shall state (1) the name and location of the association, (2) the name of the holder of record of the stock represented thereby, (3) the number and class of shares which the certificate represents, and (4) if the association shall issue stock of more than one class, the respective rights, preferences, privileges, voting rights, powers, restrictions, limitations, and qualifications of each class of stock issued shall be stated in full or in summary upon the front or back of the certificates or shall be incorporated by a reference to the articles of association set forth on the front of the certificates. Every certificate shall be signed by the president and the cashier of the association, or by such other officers as the bylaws of the association shall provide, and shall be sealed with the seal of the association.

After August 23, 1935, no certificate evidencing the stock of any such association shall bear any statement purporting to represent the stock of any other corporation, except a member bank or a corporation engaged on June 16, 1934, in holding the bank premises of such association, nor shall the ownership, sale, or transfer of any certificate representing the stock of any such association be conditioned in any manner whatsoever upon the ownership, sale, or transfer of a certificate representing the stock of any other corporation, except a member bank or a corporation engaged on June 16, 1934 in holding the bank premises of such association: Provided, That this section shall not operate to prevent the ownership, sale, or transfer of stock of any other corporation being conditioned upon the ownership, sale, or transfer of a certificate representing stock of a national banking association.

(R.S. §5139; Feb. 25, 1927, ch. 191, §16, 44 Stat. 1233; June 16, 1933, ch. 89, §18, 48 Stat. 186; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, §§310(a), 335, 49 Stat. 710, 720.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5139 derived from act June 3, 1864, ch. 106, §12, 13 Stat. 102, which was the National Bank Act. See section 38 of this title.

Amendments

1935—Act Aug. 23, 1935, §335, added second par.

Act Aug. 23, 1935, §310(a), among other changes in last par., inserted proviso.

1933—Act June 16, 1933, added last par.

1927—Act Feb. 25, 1927, inserted "or into shares of such less amount as may be provided in the articles of association" in first sentence.