49 U.S.C. § 13508 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 135 / Subchapter I / Section 13508: Limited authority over cooperative associations
Limited authority over cooperative associations
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Notwithstanding section 13506(a)(5), any cooperative association (as defined by section 15(a) of the Agricultural Marketing Act (12 U.S.C. 1141j(a))) or a federation of cooperative associations shall prepare and maintain such records relating to transportation provided by such association or federation, in such form as the Secretary or the Board may require by regulation to carry out the provisions of such section 13506(a)(5). The Secretary or the Board, or an employee designated by the Secretary or the Board, may on demand and display of proper credentials—

(1) inspect and examine the lands, buildings, and equipment of such association or federation; and

(2) inspect and copy any record of such association or federation.

(b) Reports.—Notwithstanding section 13506(a)(5), the Secretary or the Board may require a cooperative association or federation of cooperative associations described in subsection (a) of this section to file reports with the Secretary or the Board containing answers to questions about transportation provided by such association or federation.

(c) Enforcement.—The Secretary or the Board may bring a civil action to enforce subsections (a) and (b) of this section or a regulation or order of the Secretary or the Board issued under this section, when violated by a cooperative association or federation of cooperative associations described in subsection (a).

(d) Reporting Penalties.—

(1) In general.—A person required to make a report to the Secretary or the Board, answer a question, or maintain a record under this section, or an officer, agent, or employee of that person, that—

(A) does not make the report;

(B) does not specifically, completely, and truthfully answer the question; or

(C) does not maintain the record in the form and manner prescribed under this section;

is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not more than $500 for each violation and for not more than $250 for each additional day the violation continues.

(2) Venue.—Trial in a civil action under paragraph (1) shall be in the judicial district in which—

(A) the cooperative association or federation of cooperative associations has its principal office;

(B) the violation occurred; or

(C) the offender is found.

Process in the action may be served in the judicial district of which the offender is an inhabitant or in which the offender may be found.

(e) Evasion Penalties.—A person, or an officer, employee, or agent of that person, that by any means knowingly and willfully tries to evade compliance with the provisions of this section shall be fined at least $200 but not more than $500 for the first violation and at least $250 but not more than $2,000 for a subsequent violation.

(f) Recordkeeping Penalties.—A person required to make a report, answer a question, or maintain a record under this section, or an officer, agent, or employee of that person, that—

(1) willfully does not make that report;

(2) willfully does not specifically, completely, and truthfully answer that question in 30 days from the date that the question is required to be answered;

(3) willfully does not maintain that record in the form and manner prescribed;

(4) knowingly and willfully falsifies, destroys, mutilates, or changes that report or record;

(5) knowingly and willfully files a false report or record under this section;

(6) knowingly and willfully makes a false or incomplete entry in that record about a business-related fact or transaction; or

(7) knowingly and willfully maintains a record in violation of a regulation or order issued under this section;

shall be fined not more than $5,000.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 863.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10529 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 46503 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 465 / Section 46503: Interference with security screening personnel
Interference with security screening personnel
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—An individual in an area within a commercial service airport in the United States who, by assaulting a Federal, airport, or air carrier employee who has security duties within the airport, interferes with the performance of the duties of the employee or lessens the ability of the employee to perform those duties, shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both. If the individual used a dangerous weapon in committing the assault or interference, the individual may be imprisoned for any term of years or life imprisonment.

(b) Airport and Air Carrier Employees.—For purposes of this section, an airport or air carrier employee who has security duties within the airport includes an airport or air carrier employee performing ticketing, check-in, baggage claim, or boarding functions.

(Added Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §114(a), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 623; amended Pub. L. 118–63, title IV, §436, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1176.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 46503, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1242, provided for death penalty sentencing procedure for individuals convicted of aircraft piracy, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, §60003(b)(2), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1970.

Amendments

2024—Pub. L. 118–63 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
49 U.S.C. § 31706 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 317 / Section 31706: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) Civil Actions.—On request of the Secretary of Transportation, the Attorney General may bring a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction to enforce compliance with sections 31704 and 31705 of this title.

(b) Venue.—An action under this section may be brought only in the State in which an order is required to enforce compliance.

(c) Relief.—Subject to section 1341 of title 28, the court, on a proper showing—

(1) shall issue a temporary restraining order or a preliminary or permanent injunction; and

(2) may require by the injunction that the State or any person comply with sections 31704 and 31705 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1033.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31706
49:11506 (note).
Dec. 18, 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, §4008(h), 105 Stat. 2155.

In subsection (a), the words "bring a civil action . . . to enforce compliance" are substituted for "commence . . . a civil action for such injunctive relief as may be appropriate to ensure compliance" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b), the words "an order is required to enforce compliance" are substituted for "relief is required to ensure such compliance" for consistency in the revised title.
49 U.S.C. § 14912 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14912: Weight-bumping in household goods transportation
Weight-bumping in household goods transportation
Status: in_force

(a) Weight-Bumping Defined.—For the purposes of this section, "weight-bumping" means the knowing and willful making or securing of a fraudulent weight on a shipment of household goods which is subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I or III of chapter 135.

(b) Penalty.—Whoever has been found to have committed weight-bumping shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 918.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11917 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 47506 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter I / Section 47506: Limitations on recovering damages for noise
Limitations on recovering damages for noise
Status: in_force

(a) General Limitations.—A person acquiring an interest in property after February 18, 1980, in an area surrounding an airport for which a noise exposure map has been submitted under section 47503 of this title and having actual or constructive knowledge of the existence of the map may recover damages for noise attributable to the airport only if, in addition to any other elements for recovery of damages, the person shows that—

(1) after acquiring the interest, there was a significant—

(A) change in the type or frequency of aircraft operations at the airport;

(B) change in the airport layout;

(C) change in flight patterns; or

(D) increase in nighttime operations; and

(2) the damages resulted from the change or increase.

(b) Constructive Knowledge.—Constructive knowledge of the existence of a map under subsection (a) of this section shall be imputed, at a minimum, to a person if—

(1) before the person acquired the interest, notice of the existence of the map was published at least 3 times in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the property is located; or

(2) the person is given a copy of the map when acquiring the interest.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1286.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47506
49 App.:2107.
Feb. 18, 1980, Pub. L. 96–193, §107, 94 Stat. 53.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "for which recovery is sought have" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 33108 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 331 / Section 33108: Monitoring compliance of manufacturers
Monitoring compliance of manufacturers
Status: in_force

(a) Records, Reports, Information, and Inspection.—To enable the Secretary of Transportation to decide whether a manufacturer of motor vehicles containing a part subject to a standard prescribed under section 33102 or 33103 of this title, or a manufacturer of major replacement parts subject to the standard, is complying with this chapter and the standard, the Secretary may require the manufacturer to—

(1) keep records;

(2) make reports;

(3) provide items and information; and

(4) allow an officer or employee designated by the Secretary to inspect the vehicles and parts and relevant records of the manufacturer.

(b) Entry and Inspection.—To enforce this chapter, an officer or employee designated by the Secretary, on presenting appropriate credentials and a written notice to the owner, operator, or agent in charge, may inspect a facility in which motor vehicles containing major parts subject to the standard, or major replacement parts subject to the standard, are manufactured, held for introduction into interstate commerce, or held for sale after introduction into interstate commerce. An inspection shall be conducted at a reasonable time, in a reasonable way, and with reasonable promptness.

(c) Certification of Compliance.—(1) A manufacturer of a motor vehicle subject to the standard, and a manufacturer of a major replacement part subject to the standard, shall provide at the time of delivery of the vehicle or part a certification that the vehicle or part conforms to the applicable motor vehicle theft prevention standard. The certification shall accompany the vehicle or part until its delivery to the first purchaser. The Secretary by regulation may prescribe the type and form of the certification.

(2) This subsection does not apply to a motor vehicle or major replacement part that is—

(A) intended only for export;

(B) labeled only for export on the vehicle or replacement part and the outside of any container until exported; and

(C) exported.

(d) Notification of Error.—A manufacturer shall notify the Secretary if the manufacturer discovers that—

(1) there is an error in the identification (required by the standard) applied to a major part installed by the manufacturer in a motor vehicle during its assembly, or to a major replacement part manufactured by the manufacturer; and

(2) the motor vehicle or major replacement part has entered interstate commerce.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1083.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

33108(a)
15:2026(a).
Oct. 20, 1972, Pub. L. 92–513, 86 Stat. 947, §606; added Oct. 25, 1984, Pub. L. 98–547, §101(a), 98 Stat. 2760.

33108(b)
15:2026(b).

33108(c)
15:2026(c).

33108(d)
15:2026(d).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "is complying" are substituted for "has acted or is acting in compliance" and "determining whether such manufacturer has acted or is acting in compliance" to eliminate unnecessary words. The word "reasonably" is omitted as surplus. In clause (1), the word "keep" is substituted for "establish and maintain" for consistency in the revised title and to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (4), the words "upon request", "duly", and "such manufacturer shall make available all such items and information in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Secretary may prescribe" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "duly" and "enter and" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (c)(2)(B), the words "or tagged" and "if any" are omitted as surplus.

Subsection (d) is substituted for 15:2026(d) for clarity.
49 U.S.C. § 14121 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 141 / Subchapter II / Section 14121: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter, the following definitions apply:

(1) Carrier and broker.—The terms "carrier" and "broker" include a receiver or trustee of a carrier and broker, respectively.

(2) Association.—The term "association" means an organization maintained by or in the interest of a group of carriers or brokers providing transportation or service subject to jurisdiction under chapter 135 that performs a service, or engages in activities, related to transportation under this part.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 892.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11141 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44514 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 445 / Section 44514: Repealed. Pub. L. 118-63, title III, §337, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1093
Repealed. Pub. L. 118-63, title III, §337, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1093
Status: repealed

[§44514. Repealed. Pub. L. 118–63, title III, §337, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1093]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1183, related to closing, reopening, and reducing hours of certain flight service stations and establishment of manned auxiliary flight service stations.
49 U.S.C. § 22705 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 227 / Section 22705: Content
Content
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Each State rail plan shall, at a minimum, contain the following:

(1) An inventory of the existing overall rail transportation system and rail services and facilities within the State and an analysis of the role of rail transportation within the State's surface transportation system.

(2) A review of all rail lines within the State, including proposed high-speed rail corridors and significant rail line segments not currently in service.

(3) A statement of the State's passenger rail service objectives, including minimum service levels, for rail transportation routes in the State.

(4) A general analysis of rail's transportation, economic, and environmental impacts in the State, including congestion mitigation, trade and economic development, air quality, land-use, energy-use, and community impacts.

(5) A long-range rail investment program for current and future freight and passenger infrastructure in the State that meets the requirements of subsection (b).

(6) A statement of public financing issues for rail projects and service in the State, including a list of current and prospective public capital and operating funding resources, public subsidies, State taxation, and other financial policies relating to rail infrastructure development.

(7) An identification of rail infrastructure issues within the State that reflects consultation with all relevant stakeholders.

(8) A review of major passenger and freight intermodal rail connections and facilities within the State, including seaports, and prioritized options to maximize service integration and efficiency between rail and other modes of transportation within the State.

(9) A review of publicly funded projects within the State to improve rail transportation safety and security, including all major projects funded under section 130 of title 23.

(10) A performance evaluation of passenger rail services operating in the State, including possible improvements in those services, and a description of strategies to achieve those improvements.

(11) A compilation of studies and reports on high-speed rail corridor development within the State not included in a previous plan under this subchapter,1 and a plan for funding any recommended development of such corridors in the State.

(b) Long-Range Service and Investment Program.—

(1) Program content.—A long-range rail investment program included in a State rail plan under subsection (a)(5) shall, at a minimum, include the following matters:

(A) A list of any rail capital projects expected to be undertaken or supported in whole or in part by the State.

(B) A detailed funding plan for those projects.

(2) Project list content.—The list of rail capital projects shall contain—

(A) a description of the anticipated public and private benefits of each such project; and

(B) a statement of the correlation between—

(i) public funding contributions for the projects; and

(ii) the public benefits.

(3) Considerations for project list.—In preparing the list of freight and intercity passenger rail capital projects, a State rail transportation authority should take into consideration the following matters:

(A) Contributions made by non-Federal and non-State sources through user fees, matching funds, or other private capital involvement.

(B) Rail capacity and congestion effects.

(C) Effects on highway, aviation, and maritime capacity, congestion, or safety.

(D) Regional balance.

(E) Environmental impact.

(F) Economic and employment impacts.

(G) Projected ridership and other service measures for passenger rail projects.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title III, §303(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4949; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11315(a)(2), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1674.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 114–94 struck out par. (12) which read as follows: "A statement that the State is in compliance with the requirements of section 22102."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

1 So in original. Probably should be "chapter,".
49 U.S.C. § 46315 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46315: Lighting violations involving transporting controlled substances by aircraft not providing air transportation
Lighting violations involving transporting controlled substances by aircraft not providing air transportation
Status: in_force

(a) Application.—This section applies only to aircraft not used to provide air transportation.

(b) Criminal Penalty.—A person shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both, if—

(1) the person knowingly and willfully operates an aircraft in violation of a regulation or requirement of the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration related to the display of navigation or anticollision lights;

(2) the person is knowingly transporting a controlled substance by aircraft or aiding or facilitating a controlled substance offense; and

(3) the transporting, aiding, or facilitating—

(A) is punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year under a law of the United States or a State; or

(B) is provided in connection with an act punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1240.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46315(a)
49 App.:1303 (note).
Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, §7214, 102 Stat. 4434.

46315(b)
49 App.:1472(q).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §902(q); added Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98–499, §5(a), 98 Stat. 2315; restated Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §3401(b)(1), 100 Stat. 3207–100; Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, §7209(c)(1), (2)(A), 102 Stat. 4432.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "fined under title 18" are substituted for "a fine not exceeding $25,000" for consistency with title 18. In clause (2), the word "knowingly" is substituted for "and with knowledge of such act" to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 80302 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 803 / Section 80302: Prohibitions
Prohibitions
Status: in_force

(a) Definition.—In this section, "contraband" means—

(1) a narcotic drug (as defined in section 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (21 U.S.C. 802)), including marihuana (as defined in section 102 of that Act (21 U.S.C. 802)), that—

(A) is possessed with intent to sell or offer for sale in violation of the laws and regulations of the United States;

(B) is acquired, possessed, sold, transferred, or offered for sale in violation of those laws;

(C) is acquired by theft, robbery, or burglary and transported—

(i) in the District of Columbia or a territory or possession of the United States; or

(ii) from a place in a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States, to a place in another State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession; or

(D) does not bear tax-paid internal revenue stamps required by those laws or regulations;

(2) a firearm involved in a violation of chapter 53 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.);

(3) a forged, altered, or counterfeit—

(A) coin or an obligation or other security of the United States Government (as defined in section 8 of title 18); or

(B) coin, obligation, or other security of the government of a foreign country;

(4) material or equipment used, or intended to be used, in making a coin, obligation, or other security referred to in clause (3) of this subsection;

(5) a cigarette involved in a violation of chapter 114 of title 18 or a regulation prescribed under chapter 114; or

(6)(A) a counterfeit label for a phonorecord, copy of a computer program or computer program documentation or packaging, or copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work (as defined in section 2318 of title 18);

(B) a phonorecord or copy in violation of section 2319 of title 18;

(C) a fixation of a sound recording or music video of a live musical performance in violation of section 2319A of title 18; or

(D) any good bearing a counterfeit mark (as defined in section 2320 of title 18).

(b) Prohibitions.—A person may not—

(1) transport contraband in an aircraft, vehicle, or vessel;

(2) conceal or possess contraband on an aircraft, vehicle, or vessel; or

(3) use an aircraft, vehicle, or vessel to facilitate the transportation, concealment, receipt, possession, purchase, sale, exchange, or giving away of contraband.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1353; Pub. L. 104–153, §13, July 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1389.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

80302(a)(1)
49 App.:781(b)(1).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §1(b)(1), 53 Stat. 1291; restated Aug. 9, 1950, ch. 655, 64 Stat. 427.

  
49 App.:787(d).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §7(d), 53 Stat. 1293; restated Oct. 27, 1970, Pub. L. 91–513, §1102(r), 84 Stat. 1294.

80302(a)(2)
49 App.:781(b)(2).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §1(b)(2), (3), 53 Stat. 1291; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95–575, §3(a)(1), (2), 92 Stat. 2465.

  
49 App.:787(e).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §7(e), 53 Stat. 1293; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95–575, §3(b)(1), 92 Stat. 2465.

80302(a)(3)
49 App.:781(b)(3) (words before 1st semicolon).

  
49 App.:787(f).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §7(f), 53 Stat. 1293; restated Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, §55(b), 65 Stat. 729; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95–575, §3(b)(2), 92 Stat. 2465.

80302(a)(4)
49 App.:781(b)(3) (words after 1st semicolon).

80302(a)(5)
49 App.:781(b)(4).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, 53 Stat. 1291, §§1(b)(4), 7(g); added Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95–575, §3(a)(3), (b)(3), 92 Stat. 2465.

  
49 App.:787(g).

80302(b)
49 App.:781(a).
Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 618, §1(a), 53 Stat. 1291.

In subsection (a)(1)(A) and (B), the words "dealing therewith" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(1)(A), the words "has been or" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(1)(C), before subclause (i), the word "transported" is substituted for "carried or transported" to eliminate unnecessary words. In subclause (ii), the words "the Canal Zone" are omitted because of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. The words "a place in" are added for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "involved in a violation" are substituted for "with respect to which there has been committed any violation" to eliminate unnecessary words. The text of 49 App.:787(e) is omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The National Firearms Act referred to in the source provisions has been repealed and replaced by chapter 53 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.).

In subsection (a)(3), before subclause (A), the words "falsely made" are omitted as being included in "counterfeit". In subclause (B), the words "coin, obligation, or other security" are added for clarity.

In subsection (a)(4), the words "equipment used" are substituted for "apparatus, or paraphernalia fitted . . . which shall have been used" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "coin, obligation, or other security referred to in clause (3) of this subsection" are substituted for "such falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeit coin or obligation or other security" because of the restatement.

In subsection (a)(5), the text of 49 App.:787(g) is omitted as unnecessary because the term "cigarettes" does not appear in 49 App.: ch. 11 and because the definition of "contraband cigarettes" referred to is part of 18:ch. 114.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "A person may not" are substituted for "It shall be unlawful" for consistency in the revised title. In clause (1), the word "transport" is substituted for "transport, carry, or convey" because it is inclusive. In clause (2), the words "or upon the person of anyone in or upon any vessel, vehicle, or aircraft" are omitted as unnecessary. In clause (3), the word "transportation" is substituted for "transportation, carriage, conveyance" for consistency in this section. The word "barter" is omitted as being included in "exchange".

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 104–153 added par. (6).
49 U.S.C. § 14915 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14915: Penalties for failure to give up possession of household goods
Penalties for failure to give up possession of household goods
Status: in_force

(a) Civil Penalty.—

(1) In general.—Whoever is found holding a household goods shipment hostage is liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not less than $10,000 for each violation. The United States may assign all or a portion of the civil penalty to an aggrieved shipper. The Secretary of Transportation shall establish criteria upon which such assignments shall be made. The Secretary may order, after notice and an opportunity for a proceeding, that a person found holding a household goods shipment hostage return the goods to an aggrieved shipper.

(2) Each day, a separate violation.—Each day a carrier is found to have failed to give up possession of household goods may constitute a separate violation.

(3) Suspension.—If the person found holding a shipment hostage is a carrier or broker, the Secretary may suspend for a period of not less than 12 months nor more than 36 months the registration of such carrier or broker under chapter 139. The force and effect of such suspension of a carrier or broker shall extend to and include any carrier or broker having the same ownership or operational control as the suspended carrier or broker.

(4) Settlement authority.—Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting the Secretary from accepting partial payment of a civil penalty as part of a settlement agreement in the public interest, or from holding imposition of any part of a civil penalty in abeyance.

(b) Criminal Penalty.—Whoever has been convicted of having failed to give up possession of household goods shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.

(c) Failure To Give Up Possession of Household Goods Defined.—For purposes of this section, the term "failed to give up possession of household goods" means the knowing and willful failure, in violation of a contract, to deliver to, or unload at, the destination of a shipment of household goods that is subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I or III of chapter 135 of this title, for which charges have been estimated by the motor carrier providing transportation of such goods, and for which the shipper has tendered a payment described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 13707(b)(3)(A).

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4210(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1758; amended Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title II, §§32922(b), 32923(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 828.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, §32922(b), inserted at end "The United States may assign all or a portion of the civil penalty to an aggrieved shipper. The Secretary of Transportation shall establish criteria upon which such assignments shall be made. The Secretary may order, after notice and an opportunity for a proceeding, that a person found holding a household goods shipment hostage return the goods to an aggrieved shipper."

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, §32923(b), added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 304 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 3 / Subchapter I / Section 304: Application of categorical exclusions for multimodal projects
Application of categorical exclusions for multimodal projects
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Cooperating authority.—The term "cooperating authority" means a Department of Transportation operating administration or secretarial office that has expertise but is not the lead authority with respect to a proposed multimodal project.

(2) Lead authority.—The term "lead authority" means a Department of Transportation operating administration or secretarial office that has the lead responsibility for compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) with respect to a proposed multimodal project.

(3) Multimodal project.—The term "multimodal project" has the meaning given the term in section 139(a) of title 23.

(b) Exercise of Authorities.—The authorities granted in this section may be exercised for a multimodal project, class of projects, or program of projects that are carried out under this title or title 23.

(c) Application of Categorical Exclusions for Multimodal Projects.—In considering the environmental impacts of a proposed multimodal project, a lead authority may apply categorical exclusions designated under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) in implementing regulations or procedures of a cooperating authority for a proposed multimodal project, subject to the conditions that—

(1) the lead authority makes a determination, with the concurrence of the cooperating authority—

(A) on the applicability of a categorical exclusion to a proposed multimodal project; and

(B) that the project satisfies the conditions for a categorical exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and this section;

(2) the lead authority follows the implementing regulations of the cooperating authority or procedures under that Act; and

(3) the lead authority determines that—

(A) the proposed multimodal project does not individually or cumulatively have a significant impact on the environment; and

(B) extraordinary circumstances do not exist that merit additional analysis and documentation in an environmental impact statement or environmental assessment required under that Act.

(d) Cooperating Authority Expertise.—A cooperating authority shall provide expertise to the lead authority on aspects of the multimodal project in which the cooperating authority has expertise.

(Pub. L. 97–449, §1(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2419; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1314(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, §1310, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1397.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

304(a) 
49:1653(g) (less 3d sentence). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §4(g), 80 Stat. 934.

304(b) 
49:1653(g) (3d sentence).

In subsection (a), the text of 49:1653(g) (last sentence) is omitted as executed.

In subsection (a)(4), the word "ensure" is substituted for "assure" as being more precise. The words "of the United States Government" are substituted for "Federal", and the words "United States" are substituted for "national", for clarity and consistency.

In subsection (b), the words "The Secretaries shall report on April 1 of each year" are substituted for "They shall, within one year after the effective date of the Act, and annually thereafter, report" to omit executed words and to specify the date of April 1 because the President prescribed April 1, 1967, as the effective date of the Department of Transportation Act (Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931) by Executive Order No. 11340, March 30, 1967 (32 F.R. 5443). The word "consider" is substituted for "determine" for consistency.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (c), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, §1310(1)(A), substituted "operating administration or secretarial office that has expertise but" for "operating authority that" and inserted "proposed multimodal" after "with respect to a".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, §1310(1)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'lead authority' means a Department of Transportation operating administration or secretarial office that—

"(A) is the lead authority over a proposed multimodal project; and

"(B) has determined that the components of the project that fall under the modal expertise of the lead authority—

"(i) satisfy the conditions for a categorical exclusion under implementing regulations or procedures of the lead authority under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and

"(ii) do not require the preparation of an environmental assessment or environmental impact statement under that Act."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–94, §1310(2), inserted "or title 23" after "under this title".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–94, §1310(3), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to application of categorical exclusions for multimodal projects.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–94, §1310(3), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(1) In general.—A cooperating authority shall provide modal expertise to the lead authority on such aspects of the multimodal project in which the cooperating authority has expertise.

"(2) Use of categorical exclusion.—In a case described in paragraph (1), the 1 or more categorical exclusions of a cooperating authority may be applied by the lead authority once the cooperating authority reviews the project on behalf of the lead authority and determines the project satisfies the conditions for a categorical exclusion under the implementing regulations or procedures of the cooperating authority under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and this section."

2012–Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to joint activities with the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 44724 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 447 / Section 44724: Manipulation of flight controls
Manipulation of flight controls
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition.—No pilot in command of an aircraft may allow an individual who does not hold—

(1) a valid private pilots certificate issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and

(2) the appropriate medical certificate issued by the Administrator under part 67 of such title,

to manipulate the controls of an aircraft if the pilot knows or should have known that the individual is attempting to set a record or engage in an aeronautical competition or aeronautical feat, as defined by the Administrator.

(b) Revocation of Airmen Certificates.—The Administrator shall issue an order revoking a certificate issued to an airman under section 44703 of this title if the Administrator finds that while acting as a pilot in command of an aircraft, the airman has permitted another individual to manipulate the controls of the aircraft in violation of subsection (a).

(c) Pilot in Command Defined.—In this section, the term "pilot in command" has the meaning given such term by section 1.1 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

(Added Pub. L. 104–264, title VI, §602(a)(1), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3263.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Except as otherwise specifically provided, section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1996, and not to be construed as affecting funds made available for a fiscal year ending before Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3 of Pub. L. 104–264, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 47137 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 471 / Subchapter I / Section 47137: Airport security program
Airport security program
Status: in_force

(a) General Authority.—To improve security at public airports in the United States, the Secretary of Transportation shall carry out not less than one project to test and evaluate innovative aviation security systems and related technology.

(b) Priority.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall give the highest priority to a request from an eligible sponsor for a grant to undertake a project that—

(1) evaluates and tests the benefits of innovative aviation security systems or related technology, including explosives detection systems, for the purpose of improving aviation and aircraft physical security, access control, and passenger and baggage screening; and

(2) provides testing and evaluation of airport security systems and technology in an operational, testbed environment.

(c) Matching Share.—Notwithstanding section 47109, the United States Government's share of allowable project costs for a project under this section shall be 100 percent.

(d) Terms and Conditions.—The Secretary may establish such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines appropriate for carrying out a project under this section, including terms and conditions relating to the form and content of a proposal for a project, project assurances, and schedule of payments.

(e) Administration.—The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall administer the program authorized by this section.

(f) Eligible Sponsor Defined.—In this section, the term "eligible sponsor" means a nonprofit corporation composed of a consortium of public and private persons, including a sponsor of a primary airport, with the necessary engineering and technical expertise to successfully conduct the testing and evaluation of airport and aircraft related security systems.

(g) Authorization of Appropriations.—Of the amounts made available to the Secretary under section 47115 in a fiscal year, the Secretary shall make available not less than $5,000,000 for the purpose of carrying out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 106–181, title I, §134(a), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 83; amended Pub. L. 108–176, title I, §157, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2508.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2003—Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 108–176 added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) and (f) as (f) and (g), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1999, see section 3 of Pub. L. 106–181, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendments note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 28302 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 283 / Section 28302: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

A person violating section 28301 of this title shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

(Added Pub. L. 104–287, §5(56)(A), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3394.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

28302 
45:66. 
Sept. 3, 5, 1916, ch. 436, §4, 39 Stat. 722.

The words "shall be guilty of a misdemeanor" are omitted, and the words "shall be fined under title 18" are substituted for "shall be fined not less than $100 and not more than $1,000", for consistency with title 18. The words "upon conviction" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 725 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 7 / Subchapter II / Section 725: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-110, §3(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-110, §3(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228
Status: repealed

[§725. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–110, §3(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2228]

Section, Pub. L. 104–88, title II, §201(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 937, required Secretary of Transportation to provide administrative support for the Board.
49 U.S.C. § 30125 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 301 / Subchapter II / Section 30125: Schoolbuses and schoolbus equipment
Schoolbuses and schoolbus equipment
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions.—In this section—

(1) "schoolbus" means a passenger motor vehicle designed to carry a driver and more than 10 passengers, that the Secretary of Transportation decides is likely to be used significantly to transport preprimary, primary, and secondary school students to or from school or an event related to school.

(2) "schoolbus equipment" means equipment designed primarily for a schoolbus or manufactured or sold to replace or improve a system, part, or component of a schoolbus or as an accessory or addition to a schoolbus.

(b) Standards.—The Secretary shall prescribe motor vehicle safety standards for schoolbuses and schoolbus equipment manufactured in, or imported into, the United States. Standards shall include minimum performance requirements for—

(1) emergency exits;

(2) interior protection for occupants;

(3) floor strength;

(4) seating systems;

(5) crashworthiness of body and frame (including protection against rollover hazards);

(6) vehicle operating systems;

(7) windows and windshields; and

(8) fuel systems.

(c) Test Driving by Manufacturers.—The Secretary may require by regulation a schoolbus to be test-driven by a manufacturer before introduction in commerce.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 957.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

30125(a)
15:1391(14), (15).
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, §102(14), (15); added Oct. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93–492, §201, 88 Stat. 1484.

30125(b)
15:1392(i)(1).
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, §103(i)(1), (2); added Oct. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93–492, §202, 88 Stat. 1484; July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–346, §2, 90 Stat. 815.

30125(c)
15:1392(i)(2).

  
15:1397(a)(1)(F).
Sept. 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718, §108(a)(1)(F); added Oct. 27, 1974, Pub. L. 93–492, §203, 88 Stat. 1485.

In subsection (a)(1), the words "the purpose of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "any similar part or component" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the text of 15:1392(i)(1)(A) (1st sentence) and (B) (words before 2d comma) is omitted as executed. The word "prescribe" is substituted for "promulgate", and the word "Federal" is omitted, for consistency. The words "Such proposed standards" and "those aspects of performance set out in clauses (i) through (viii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph" are omitted because of the restatement. The word "requirements" is substituted for "standards" to avoid using "standards" in 2 different ways. The text of 15:1392(i)(1)(B) (last 6 words) is omitted as executed.

In subsection (c), the text of 15:1397(a)(1)(F) is omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement.
49 U.S.C. § 60139 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 601 / Section 60139: Maximum allowable operating pressure
Maximum allowable operating pressure
Status: in_force

(a) Verification of Records.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Transportation shall require each owner or operator of a pipeline facility to conduct, not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this section, a verification of the records of the owner or operator relating to the interstate and intrastate gas transmission pipelines of the owner or operator in class 3 and class 4 locations and class 1 and class 2 high-consequence areas.

(2) Purpose.—The purpose of the verification shall be to ensure that the records accurately reflect the physical and operational characteristics of the pipelines described in paragraph (1) and confirm the established maximum allowable operating pressure of the pipelines.

(3) Elements.—The verification process under this subsection shall include such elements as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(b) Reporting.—

(1) Documentation of certain pipelines.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, each owner or operator of a pipeline facility shall identify and submit to the Secretary documentation relating to each pipeline segment of the owner or operator described in subsection (a)(1) for which the records of the owner or operator are insufficient to confirm the established maximum allowable operating pressure of the segment.

(2) Exceedances of maximum allowable operating pressure.—If there is an exceedance of the maximum allowable operating pressure with respect to a gas transmission pipeline of an owner or operator of a pipeline facility that exceeds the build-up allowed for operation of pressure-limiting or control devices, the owner or operator shall report the exceedance to the Secretary and appropriate State authorities on or before the 5th day following the date on which the exceedance occurs.

(c) Determination of Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure.—

(1) In general.—In the case of a transmission line of an owner or operator of a pipeline facility identified under subsection (b)(1), the Secretary shall—

(A) require the owner or operator to reconfirm a maximum allowable operating pressure as expeditiously as economically feasible; and

(B) determine what actions are appropriate for the pipeline owner or operator to take to maintain safety until a maximum allowable operating pressure is confirmed.

(2) Interim actions.—In determining the actions for an owner or operator of a pipeline facility to take under paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall take into account potential consequences to public safety and the environment, potential impacts on pipeline system reliability and deliverability, and other factors, as appropriate.

(d) Testing Regulations.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall issue regulations for conducting tests to confirm the material strength of previously untested natural gas transmission pipelines located in high-consequence areas and operating at a pressure greater than 30 percent of specified minimum yield strength.

(2) Considerations.—In developing the regulations, the Secretary shall consider safety testing methodologies, including, at a minimum—

(A) pressure testing; and

(B) other alternative methods, including in-line inspections, determined by the Secretary to be of equal or greater effectiveness.

(3) Completion of testing.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and State regulators, as appropriate, shall establish timeframes for the completion of such testing that take into account potential consequences to public safety and the environment and that minimize costs and service disruptions.

(e) High-consequence Area Defined.—In this section, the term "high-consequence area" means an area described in section 60109(a).

(Added Pub. L. 112–90, §23(a), Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1918.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(1), and (d)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–90, which was approved Jan. 3, 2012.
49 U.S.C. § 60138 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 601 / Section 60138: Response plans
Response plans
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Transportation shall—

(1) maintain on file a copy of the most recent response plan (as defined in part 194 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) prepared by an owner or operator of a pipeline facility; and

(2) provide upon written request to a person a copy of the plan, which may exclude, as the Secretary determines appropriate—

(A) proprietary information;

(B) security-sensitive information, including information described in section 1520.5(a) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations;

(C) specific response resources and tactical resource deployment plans; and

(D) the specific amount and location of worst case discharges (as defined in part 194 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations), including the process by which an owner or operator determines the worst case discharge.

(b) Relationship to FOIA.—Nothing in this section may be construed to require disclosure of information or records that are exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5.

(Added Pub. L. 112–90, §6(c)(1), Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1910.)
49 U.S.C. § 11703 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 117 / Section 11703: Enforcement by the Attorney General
Enforcement by the Attorney General
Status: in_force

(a) The Attorney General may, and on request of the Board shall, bring court proceedings to enforce this part, or a regulation or order of the Board or certificate issued under this part, and to prosecute a person violating this part or a regulation or order of the Board or certificate issued under this part.

(b) The United States Government may bring a civil action on behalf of a person to compel a rail carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part to provide that transportation to that person in compliance with this part at the same rate charged, or on conditions as favorable as those given by the rail carrier, for like traffic under similar conditions to another person.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 845.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11703, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1450, related to authority of Attorney General and United States Government to bring civil actions to enforce this subtitle, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 11703, 14703, and 15903 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 20502 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 205 / Section 20502: Requirements for installation and use
Requirements for installation and use
Status: in_force

(a) Installation.—(1) When the Secretary of Transportation decides after an investigation that it is necessary in the public interest, the Secretary may order a railroad carrier to install, on any part of its railroad line, a signal system that complies with requirements of the Secretary. The order must allow the carrier a reasonable time to complete the installation. A carrier may discontinue or materially alter a signal system required under this paragraph only with the approval of the Secretary.

(2) A railroad carrier ordered under paragraph (1) of this subsection to install a signal system on one part of its railroad line may not be held negligent for not installing the system on any part of its line that was not included in the order. If an accident or incident occurs on a part of the line on which the signal system was not required to be installed and was not installed, the use of the system on another part of the line may not be considered in a civil action brought because of the accident or incident.

(b) Use.—A railroad carrier may allow a signal system to be used on its railroad line only when the system, including its controlling and operating appurtenances—

(1) may be operated safely without unnecessary risk of personal injury; and

(2) has been inspected and can meet any test prescribed under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 883.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20502(a)
49 App.:26(b).
Feb. 4, 1887, ch. 104, 24 Stat. 379, §25(b); added Feb. 28, 1920, ch. 91, §441, 41 Stat. 498; restated Aug. 26, 1937, ch. 818, 50 Stat. 835; Sept. 18, 1940, ch. 722, §14(b), 54 Stat. 919; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §17(2), (8), 102 Stat. 635, 636.

  
49 App.:1655(e)(6)(A).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(e)(6)(A), 80 Stat. 939.

20502(b)
49 App.:26(e).
Feb. 4, 1887, ch. 104, 24 Stat. 379, §25(e); added Feb. 28, 1920, ch. 91, §441, 41 Stat. 498; restated Aug. 26, 1937, ch. 818, 50 Stat. 836; Sept. 18, 1940, ch. 722, §14(b), 54 Stat. 919; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §17(5), 102 Stat. 636.

In this section, the words "signal system" are substituted for "block signal system, interlocking, automatic train stop, train control, and/or cab-signal devices, and/or other similar appliances, methods, and systems intended to promote the safety of railroad operation" and "such systems, devices, appliances, or methods" in 49 App.:26(b) and "any system, device, or appliance covered by this section" and "such apparatus" in 49 App.:26(e) because of the definition of "signal system" in section 20501 of the revised title.

In subsection (a)(1), the words "decides after an investigation that it is necessary in the public interest" are substituted for "after investigation, if found necessary in the public interest" for clarity. The word "specifications" is omitted as included in "requirements". The words "The order must allow the carrier a reasonable time to complete the installation" are substituted for "such order to be issued and published a reasonable time (as determined by the Secretary) in advance of the date for its fulfillment" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "a signal system required under this paragraph" are substituted for "That block signal systems, interlocking, automatic train stop, train control, and cab-signal devices in use on August 26, 1937, or such systems or devices hereinafter installed" to eliminate unnecessary or obsolete words and because of the definition of "signal system" in section 20501 of the revised title.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "railroad line" are substituted for "railroad" for consistency in the revised title. The word "civil" is added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words "or incident" are added for consistency in this part.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "may allow . . . only when" are substituted for "It shall be unlawful . . . unless . . . unless" for clarity. In clause (1), the words "in proper condition and" and "in the service to which it is put" are omitted as being covered by the words of the clause. The words "risk of personal injury" are substituted for "peril to life and limb" for clarity. The words "from time to time" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "prescribed under this chapter" are substituted for "in accordance with the provisions of this section" and "prescribed in the rules and regulations provided for in this section" for consistency and to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 14504 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 145 / Section 14504: Repealed. Pub. L. 109-59, title IV, §4305(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 110-53, title XV, §1537(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 467
Repealed. Pub. L. 109-59, title IV, §4305(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 110-53, title XV, §1537(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 467
Status: repealed

[§14504. Repealed. Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4305(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 110–53, title XV, §1537(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 467]

Section, added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 902; amended Pub. L. 110–53, title XV, §1537(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 467, related to registration of motor carriers by a State.

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11506 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4305(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1764, as amended by Pub. L. 110–53, title XV, §1537(c), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 467, provided that this section and the item relating to this section in the analysis for this chapter are repealed effective Jan. 1, 2008.

Temporary Reenactment of Section

Pub. L. 110–53, title XV, §1537(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 467, provided that section 14504 of this title, as in effect on Dec. 31, 2006, was to be in effect for the period beginning on Jan. 1, 2007, and ending on the earlier of Jan. 1, 2008, or the effective date of final regulations issued (none issued as of Jan. 1, 2008) pursuant to section 1537(b) of Pub. L. 110–53, set out as a note under section 13908 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 20144 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20144: Blue signal protection for on-track vehicles
Blue signal protection for on-track vehicles
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe regulations applying blue signal protection to on-track vehicles where rest is provided.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 881.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20144 
(uncodified). 
June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §19(c), 102 Stat. 638.

The words "prescribe regulations" are substituted for "within one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, amend part 218 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations" because the regulations to carry out this section have been prescribed.
49 U.S.C. § 40123 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 401 / Section 40123: Protection of voluntarily submitted information
Protection of voluntarily submitted information
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5, neither the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, nor any agency or third party receiving information from the Administrator, shall disclose voluntarily-provided safety or security related information if the Administrator finds that—

(1) the disclosure of the information would inhibit the voluntary provision of that type of information and that the receipt of that type of information aids in fulfilling the Administrator's safety and security responsibilities; and

(2) withholding such information from disclosure would be consistent with the Administrator's safety and security responsibilities.

(b) Regulations.—The Administrator shall issue regulations to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 104–264, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 3255; amended Pub. L. 118–63, title III, §354(a), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1113.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–63 inserted ", including section 552(b)(3)(B) of title 5" after "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" and "or third party" after "nor any agency" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Except as otherwise specifically provided, section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1996, and not to be construed as affecting funds made available for a fiscal year ending before Oct. 1, 1996, see section 3 of Pub. L. 104–264, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 106 of this title.

Review of Protection From Disclosure

Pub. L. 118–63, title III, §354(b), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1114, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [May 16, 2024], the Administrator [of the Federal Aviation Administration] shall review and update part 193 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and review section 44735 of title 49, United States Code, to ensure such laws and regulations designate and protect from disclosure information or data submitted, collected, or obtained by the Administrator under voluntary safety programs, including the following:

"(1) Aviation Safety Action Program.

"(2) Flight Operational Quality Assurance.

"(3) Line Operations Safety Assessments.

"(4) Air Traffic Safety Action Program.

"(5) Technical Operations Safety Action Program.

"(6) Such other voluntarily submitted information or programs as the Administrator determines appropriate."

Improved Voluntary Disclosure Reporting System

Pub. L. 112–95, title III, §344, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 81, provided that:

"(a) Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program Defined.—In this section, the term 'Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program' means the program established by the Federal Aviation Administration through Advisory Circular 00–58A, dated September 8, 2006, including any subsequent revisions thereto.

"(b) Verification.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall modify the Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program to require inspectors to—

"(1) verify that air carriers are implementing comprehensive solutions to correct the underlying causes of the violations voluntarily disclosed by such air carriers; and

"(2) confirm, before approving a final report of a violation, that a violation with the same root causes, has not been previously discovered by an inspector or self-disclosed by the air carrier.

"(c) Supervisory Review of Voluntary Self-Disclosures.—The Administrator shall establish a process by which voluntary self-disclosures received from air carriers are reviewed and approved by a supervisor after the initial review by an inspector.

"(d) Inspector General Study.—

"(1) In general.—The Inspector General of the Department of Transportation shall conduct a study of the Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program.

"(2) Review.—In conducting the study, the Inspector General shall examine, at a minimum, if the Administration—

"(A) conducts comprehensive reviews of voluntary disclosure reports before closing a voluntary disclosure report under the provisions of the program;

"(B) evaluates the effectiveness of corrective actions taken by air carriers; and

"(C) effectively prevents abuse of the voluntary disclosure reporting program through its secondary review of self-disclosures before they are accepted and closed by the Administration.

"(3) Report to congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 14, 2012], the Inspector General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the study conducted under this section."
49 U.S.C. § 44732 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 447 / Section 44732: Prohibition on personal use of electronic devices on flight deck
Prohibition on personal use of electronic devices on flight deck
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—It is unlawful for a flight crewmember of an aircraft used to provide air transportation under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to use a personal wireless communications device or laptop computer while at the flight crewmember's duty station on the flight deck of such an aircraft while the aircraft is being operated.

(b) Exceptions.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to the use of a personal wireless communications device or laptop computer for a purpose directly related to operation of the aircraft, or for emergency, safety-related, or employment-related communications, in accordance with procedures established by the air carrier and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.

(c) Enforcement.—In addition to the penalties provided under section 46301 applicable to any violation of this section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may enforce compliance with this section under section 44709 by amending, modifying, suspending, or revoking a certificate under this chapter.

(d) Personal Wireless Communications Device Defined.—In this section, the term "personal wireless communications device" means a device through which personal wireless services (as defined in section 332(c)(7)(C)(i) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 332(c)(7)(C)(i))) are transmitted.

(Added Pub. L. 112–95, title III, §307(a), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 61.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 112–95, title III, §307(d), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 62, provided that: "Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 14, 2012], the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall initiate a rulemaking procedure for regulations to carry out section 44732 of title 49, United States Code (as added by this section), and shall issue a final rule thereunder not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act."
49 U.S.C. § 46309 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46309: Concession and price violations
Concession and price violations
Status: in_force

(a) Criminal Penalty for Offering, Granting, Giving, or Helping To Obtain Concessions and Lower Prices.—An air carrier, foreign air carrier, ticket agent, or officer, agent, or employee of an air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket agent shall be fined under title 18 if the air carrier, foreign air carrier, ticket agent, officer, agent, or employee—

(1) knowingly and willfully offers, grants, or gives, or causes to be offered, granted, or given, a rebate or other concession in violation of this part; or

(2) by any means knowingly and willfully assists, or willingly allows, a person to obtain transportation or services subject to this part at less than the price lawfully in effect.

(b) Criminal Penalty for Receiving Rebates, Privileges, and Facilities.—A person shall be fined under title 18 if the person by any means—

(1) knowingly and willfully solicits, accepts, or receives a rebate of a part of a price lawfully in effect for the foreign air transportation of property, or a service related to the foreign air transportation; or

(2) knowingly solicits, accepts, or receives a privilege or facility related to a matter the Secretary of Transportation requires be specified in a currently effective tariff applicable to the foreign air transportation of property.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1238.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46309(a)
49 App.:1472(d)(1).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §902(d)(1), 72 Stat. 785; Jan. 3, 1975, Pub L. 93–623, §8(b), 88 Stat. 2105.

46309(b)
49 App.:1472(d)(2).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §902(d)(2); added Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–623, §8(b), 88 Stat. 2106.

  
49 App.:1551(b)(1)(E).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1601(b)(1)(E); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, §3(e), 98 Stat. 1704.

In this section, the words "fined under title 18" are substituted for "a fine of not less than $100 and not more than $5,000" and "fined not less than $100, nor more than $5,000" for consistency with title 18. The words "for each offense" are omitted as surplus. The words "fares, or charges" are omitted as surplus because of the definition of "rate" in section 40102(a) of the revised title.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "representative" is omitted as surplus. The words "shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor" are omitted as superseded by 18:3559. The words "and, upon conviction thereof" are omitted as surplus. In clause (2), the words "device or" and "suffer or" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "by any means" are substituted for "in any manner or by any device" for consistency in this section and to eliminate unnecessary words. In clauses (1) and (2), the word "foreign" is added for clarity because only foreign air transportation has regulated prices. In clause (1), the word "rebate" is substituted for "refund or remittance" for consistency in this section. In clause (2), the word "favor" is omitted as being included in "privilege".
49 U.S.C. § 21107 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 211 / Section 21107: Maximum duty hours and subjects of collective bargaining
Maximum duty hours and subjects of collective bargaining
Status: in_force

The number of hours established by this chapter that an employee may be required or allowed to be on duty is the maximum number of hours consistent with safety. Shorter hours of service and time on duty of an employee are proper subjects for collective bargaining between a railroad carrier and its employees.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 891.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

21107
45:63a(d) (related to 45:64).
Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2939, 34 Stat. 1415, §3A(d) (related to §4); added July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–348, §4(d), 90 Stat. 819; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §16(4), 102 Stat. 635.

  
45:64.
Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2939, §4, 34 Stat. 1417; restated Dec. 26, 1969, Pub. L. 91–169, §1, 83 Stat. 464; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, §16(5), 102 Stat. 635.
49 U.S.C. § 47532 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter II / Section 47532: Judicial review
Judicial review
Status: in_force

An action taken by the Secretary of Transportation under any of sections 47528–47531 or 47534 of this title is subject to judicial review as provided under section 46110 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1293; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(74), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4388; Pub. L. 112–95, title V, §506(b)(2), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 106.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47532
49 App.:2157(f).
Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, §9308(f), 104 Stat. 1388–383.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:47532 to correct an erroneous cross-reference.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–95 inserted "or 47534" after "47528–47531".

1994—Pub. L. 103–429 inserted "any of" before "sections".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44945 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 449 / Subchapter II / Section 44945: Disposition of unclaimed money and clothing
Disposition of unclaimed money and clothing
Status: in_force

(a) Disposition of Unclaimed Money.—Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, unclaimed money recovered at any airport security checkpoint shall be retained by the Transportation Security Administration and shall remain available until expended for the purpose of providing civil aviation security as required in this chapter.

(b) Disposition of Unclaimed Clothing.—

(1) In general.—In disposing of unclaimed clothing recovered at any airport security checkpoint, the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall make every reasonable effort, in consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, to transfer the clothing to the local airport authority or other local authorities for donation to charity, including local veterans organizations or other local charitable organizations for distribution to homeless or needy veterans and veteran families.

(2) Agreements.—In implementing paragraph (1), the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may enter into agreements with airport authorities.

(3) Other charitable arrangements.—Nothing in this subsection shall prevent an airport or the Transportation Security Administration from donating unclaimed clothing to a charitable organization of their choosing.

(4) Limitation.—Nothing in this subsection shall create a cost to the Government.

(Added Pub. L. 108–334, title V, §515(a), Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1317; amended Pub. L. 112–271, §2(a), Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2446; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(d)(36), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3641.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 115–254 substituted "Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration" for "Assistant Secretary".

2013—Pub. L. 112–271 inserted "and clothing" after "money" in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Annual Report

Pub. L. 108–334, title V, §515(b), Oct. 18, 2004, 118 Stat. 1318, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 2004] and annually thereafter, the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall transmit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation of the Senate; and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, a report that contains a detailed description of the amount of unclaimed money recovered in total and at each individual airport, and specifically how the unclaimed money is being used to provide civil aviation security."
49 U.S.C. § 46506 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 465 / Section 46506: Application of certain criminal laws to acts on aircraft
Application of certain criminal laws to acts on aircraft
Status: in_force

An individual on an aircraft in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States who commits an act that—

(1) if committed in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section 7 of title 18) would violate section 113, 114, 661, 662, 1111, 1112, 1113, or 2111 or chapter 109A of title 18, shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned under that section or chapter, or both; or

(2) if committed in the District of Columbia would violate section 9 of the Act of July 29, 1892 (D.C. Code §22-1112), shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned under section 9 of the Act, or both.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1245.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46506
49 App.:1472(k).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §902(k); added Sept. 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87–197, §1, 75 Stat. 466; Oct. 14, 1970, Pub. L. 91–449, §1(3), 84 Stat. 921; Nov. 10, 1986, Pub. L. 99–646, §87(d)(8), 100 Stat. 3624; Nov. 14, 1986, Pub. L. 99–654, §3(b)(8), 100 Stat. 3664.

In clause (1), the words "fined under title 18, imprisoned under that section or chapter, or both" are substituted for "punished as provided therein" for consistency with title 18.

In clause (2), the words "fined under title 18, imprisoned under section 9 of the Act, or both" are substituted for "punished as provided therein" for consistency with title 18.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 9 of the Act of July 29, 1892, referred to in par. (2), is section 9 of act July 29, 1892, ch. 320, 27 Stat. 324, which is not classified to the Code. Section 9 of the Act was reclassified to section 22–1312 of the D.C. Code (2014).
49 U.S.C. § 44738 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 447 / Section 44738: Training on human trafficking for certain staff
Training on human trafficking for certain staff
Status: in_force

In addition to other training requirements, each air carrier shall provide training to ticket counter agents, gate agents, and other air carrier workers whose jobs require regular interaction with passengers on recognizing and responding to potential human trafficking victims.

(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title IV, §408(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3330.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Airport Human Trafficking Prevention Grants

Pub. L. 118–63, title VII, §774A, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1299, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a grant program to provide grants to airports described in subsection (b)(1) to address human trafficking awareness, education, and prevention efforts, including by—

"(1) coordinating human trafficking prevention efforts across multimodal transportation operations within a community; and

"(2) accomplishing the best practices and recommendations provided by the Department of Transportation Advisory Committee on Human Trafficking.

"(b) Distribution.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall distribute amounts made available for grants under this section to—

"(A) the 75 airports in the United States with the highest number of passenger enplanements annually, based on the most recent data available; and

"(B) as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, an airport not described in subparagraph (A) that serves an area with a high prevalence of human trafficking, on application of the airport.

"(2) Priority; considerations.—In distributing amounts made available for grants under this section, the Secretary shall—

"(A) give priority in grant amounts to airports referred to in paragraph (1) that serve regions with a higher prevalence of human trafficking; and

"(B) take into consideration the effect the amounts would have on surrounding areas.

"(3) Consultation.—In distributing amounts made available for grants under this section, the Secretary shall consult with the Department of Transportation Advisory Committee on Human Trafficking in determining the amounts to be distributed to each grant recipient to ensure the best use of the funds.

"(c) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2028."
49 U.S.C. § 42304 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 423 / Section 42304: Widespread disruptions
Widespread disruptions
Status: in_force

(a) General Requirements.—In the event of a widespread disruption, a covered air carrier shall immediately publish, via a prominent link on the air carrier's public internet website, a clear statement indicating whether, with respect to a passenger of the air carrier whose travel is interrupted as a result of the widespread disruption, the air carrier will—

(1) provide for hotel accommodations;

(2) arrange for ground transportation;

(3) provide meal vouchers;

(4) arrange for air transportation on another air carrier or foreign air carrier to the passenger's destination; and

(5) provide for sleeping facilities inside the airport terminal.

(b) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Widespread disruption.—The term "widespread disruption" means, with respect to a covered air carrier, the interruption of all or the overwhelming majority of the air carrier's systemwide flight operations, including flight delays and cancellations, as the result of the failure of 1 or more computer systems or computer networks of the air carrier.

(2) Covered air carrier.—The term "covered air carrier" means an air carrier that provides scheduled passenger air transportation by operating an aircraft that as originally designed has a passenger capacity of 30 or more seats.

(c) Savings Provision.—Nothing in this section may be construed to modify, abridge, or repeal any obligation of an air carrier under section 42301.

(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title IV, §428(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3341.)
49 U.S.C. § 11321 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 113 / Subchapter II / Section 11321: Scope of authority
Scope of authority
Status: in_force

(a) The authority of the Board under this subchapter is exclusive. A rail carrier or corporation participating in or resulting from a transaction approved by or exempted by the Board under this subchapter may carry out the transaction, own and operate property, and exercise control or franchises acquired through the transaction without the approval of a State authority. A rail carrier, corporation, or person participating in that approved or exempted transaction is exempt from the antitrust laws and from all other law, including State and municipal law, as necessary to let that rail carrier, corporation, or person carry out the transaction, hold, maintain, and operate property, and exercise control or franchises acquired through the transaction. However, if a purchase and sale, a lease, or a corporate consolidation or merger is involved in the transaction, the carrier or corporation may carry out the transaction only with the assent of a majority, or the number required under applicable State law, of the votes of the holders of the capital stock of that corporation entitled to vote. The vote must occur at a regular meeting, or special meeting called for that purpose, of those stockholders and the notice of the meeting must indicate its purpose.

(b) A power granted under this subchapter to a carrier or corporation is in addition to and changes its powers under its corporate charter and under State law. Action under this subchapter does not establish or provide for establishing a corporation under the laws of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 838.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11341 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 11321, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1432, related to limitations on ownership of certain water carriers, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 14914 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14914: Civil penalty procedures
Civil penalty procedures
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—After notice and an opportunity for a hearing, a person found by the Surface Transportation Board to have violated a provision of law that the Board carries out or a regulation prescribed under that law by the Board that is related to transportation which occurs under subchapter II of chapter 135 for which a civil penalty is provided, is liable to the United States for the civil penalty provided. The amount of the civil penalty shall be assessed by the Board by written notice. In determining the amount of the penalty, the Board shall consider the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior offenses, ability to pay, and other matters that justice requires.

(b) Compromise.—The Board may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without consideration, a civil penalty until the assessment is referred to the Attorney General.

(c) Collection.—If a person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become final, the Board may refer the matter to the Attorney General for collection in an appropriate district court of the United States.

(d) Refunds.—The Board may refund or remit a civil penalty collected under this section if—

(1) application has been made for refund or remission of the penalty within 1 year from the date of payment; and

(2) the Board finds that the penalty was unlawfully, improperly, or excessively imposed.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 918.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 80111 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 801 / Section 80111: Liability for delivery of goods
Liability for delivery of goods
Status: in_force

(a) General Rules.—A common carrier is liable for damages to a person having title to, or right to possession of, goods when—

(1) the carrier delivers the goods to a person not entitled to their possession unless the delivery is authorized under section 80110(b)(2) or (3) of this title;

(2) the carrier makes a delivery under section 80110(b)(2) or (3) of this title after being requested by or for a person having title to, or right to possession of, the goods not to make the delivery; or

(3) at the time of delivery under section 80110(b)(2) or (3) of this title, the carrier has information it is delivering the goods to a person not entitled to their possession.

(b) Effectiveness of Request or Information.—A request or information is effective under subsection (a)(2) or (3) of this section only if—

(1) an officer or agent of the carrier, whose actual or apparent authority includes acting on the request or information, has been given the request or information; and

(2) the officer or agent has had time, exercising reasonable diligence, to stop delivery of the goods.

(c) Failure To Take and Cancel Bills.—Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, if a common carrier delivers goods for which a negotiable bill of lading has been issued without taking and canceling the bill, the carrier is liable for damages for failure to deliver the goods to a person purchasing the bill for value in good faith whether the purchase was before or after delivery and even when delivery was made to the person entitled to the goods. The carrier also is liable under this paragraph if part of the goods are delivered without taking and canceling the bill or plainly noting on the bill that a partial delivery was made and generally describing the goods or the remaining goods kept by the carrier.

(d) Exceptions to Liability.—A common carrier is not liable for failure to deliver goods to the consignee or owner of the goods or a holder of the bill if—

(1) a delivery described in subsection (c) of this section was compelled by legal process;

(2) the goods have been sold lawfully to satisfy the carrier's lien;

(3) the goods have not been claimed; or

(4) the goods are perishable or hazardous.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1350.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

80111(a)
49 App.:90 (less last par.).
Aug. 29, 1916, ch. 415, §§10–12, 26, 39 Stat. 540, 542.

80111(b)
49 App.:90 (last par.).

80111(c)
49 App.:91 (words after 2d comma).

  
49 App.:92 (words after 2d comma).

80111(d)
49 App.:91 (words before 2d comma).

  
49 App.:92 (words before 2d comma).

  
49 App.:106.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the word "title" is substituted for "right of property" for consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (c), the words "negotiable bill of lading" are substituted for "order bill . . . the negotiation of which would transfer the right to the possession of the goods" in 49 App.:91 for consistency in this chapter.
49 U.S.C. § 31147 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 311 / Subchapter III / Section 31147: Limitations on authority
Limitations on authority
Status: in_force

(a) Traffic Regulations.—This subchapter does not authorize the Secretary of Transportation to prescribe traffic safety regulations or preempt State traffic regulations. However, the Secretary may prescribe traffic regulations to the extent their subject matter was regulated under parts 390–399 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, on October 30, 1984.

(b) Regulating the Manufacturing of Vehicles.—This subchapter does not authorize the Secretary to regulate the manufacture of commercial motor vehicles for any purpose, including fuel economy, safety, or emission control.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1013.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31147(a)
49 App.:2519(a).
Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–554, §229, 98 Stat. 2853.

31147(b)
49 App.:2519(b).

In subsection (a), the word "prescribe" is substituted for "establish or maintain" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
49 U.S.C. § 20164 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter II / Section 20164: Development and use of rail safety technology
Development and use of rail safety technology
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe standards, guidance, regulations, or orders governing the development, use, and implementation of rail safety technology in dark territory, in arrangements not defined in section 20501 or otherwise not covered by Federal standards, guidance, regulations, or orders that ensure the safe operation of such technology, such as—

(1) switch position monitoring devices or indicators;

(2) radio, remote control, or other power-assisted switches;

(3) hot box, high water, or earthquake detectors;

(4) remote control locomotive zone limiting devices;

(5) slide fences;

(6) grade crossing video monitors;

(7) track integrity warning systems; or

(8) other similar rail safety technologies, as determined by the Secretary.

(b) Dark Territory Defined.—In this section, the term "dark territory" means any territory in a railroad system that does not have a signal or train control system installed or operational.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title IV, §406(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4886; amended Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11316(i), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1677.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of div. A of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "after the date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008" for "after enactment of the Railroad Safety Enhancement Act of 2008" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 47531 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter II / Section 47531: Penalties
Penalties
Status: in_force

A person violating section 47528, 47529, 47530, or 47534 of this title or a regulation prescribed under any of those sections is subject to the same civil penalties and procedures under chapter 463 of this title as a person violating section 44701(a) or (b) or any of sections 44702–44716 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1293; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(73), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4388; Pub. L. 112–95, title V, §506(b)(1), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 106.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47531
49 App.:2157(e).
Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, §9308(e), 104 Stat. 1388–383.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:47531 to correct a grammatical error and erroneous cross-references.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Pub. L. 112–95 struck out "for violating sections 47528–47530" after "Penalties" in section catchline and substituted "47529, 47530, or 47534" for "47529, or 47530" in text.

1994—Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section 47528" for "sections 47528" and inserted "any of" before "those" and "any of sections" before "44702–44716".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 15103 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 151 / Section 15103: Remedies as cumulative
Remedies as cumulative
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided in this part, the remedies provided under this part are in addition to remedies existing under another law or common law.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §106(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 922.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10103 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 31316 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 313 / Section 31316: Limitation on statutory construction
Limitation on statutory construction
Status: in_force

This chapter does not affect the authority of the Secretary of Transportation to regulate commercial motor vehicle safety involving motor vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds or a lesser gross vehicle weight rating the Secretary decides is appropriate under section 31301(4)(A) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1029.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31316
49 App.:2714.
Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12017, 100 Stat. 3207–187.

The words "This chapter does not affect" are substituted for "Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to diminish, limit, or otherwise affect" to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 5562 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 55 / Subchapter II / Section 5562: Assistance projects
Assistance projects
Status: in_force

(a) Requirements To Provide Assistance.—The Secretary of Transportation shall provide financial, technical, and advisory assistance under this chapter to—

(1) promote, on a feasibility demonstration basis, the conversion of at least 3 rail passenger terminals into intermodal transportation terminals;

(2) preserve rail passenger terminals that reasonably are likely to be converted or maintained pending preparation of plans for their reuse;

(3) acquire and use space in suitable buildings of historic or architectural significance but only if use of the space is feasible and prudent when compared to available alternatives; and

(4) encourage State and local governments, local and regional transportation authorities, common carriers, philanthropic organizations, and other responsible persons to develop plans to convert rail passenger terminals into intermodal transportation terminals and civic and cultural activity centers.

(b) Effect on Eligibility.—This chapter does not affect the eligibility of any rail passenger terminal for preservation or reuse assistance under another program or law.

(c) Acquiring Space.—The Secretary may acquire space under subsection (a)(3) of this section only after consulting with the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 851.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5562(a) 
49 App.:1653(i)(1). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(1); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1528, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(1), (2), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

5562(b) 
49 App.:1653(i)(11). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(11); added Oct. 28, 1974, Pub. L. 93–496, §§6, 15, 88 Stat. 1530, 1533; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(3), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

5562(c) 
49 App.:1653(i)(4). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §4(i)(4); added Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §707(4), 90 Stat. 125; May 30, 1980, Pub. L. 96–254, §206(a), 94 Stat. 412.

In subsection (a)(3), the words "but only if" are substituted for "unless . . . would not" for consistency.

In subsection (a)(4), the word "encourage" is substituted for "stimulating" for clarity.

In subsection (b), the words "This chapter does not affect" are substituted for "Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to invalidate" for clarity and consistency. The words "rail passenger terminal" are substituted for "station", and the word "law" is substituted for "statute", for consistency.
49 U.S.C. § 6105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 61 / Section 6105: Implementation of best practices guidelines
Implementation of best practices guidelines
Status: in_force

(a) Adoption of Best Practices.—The Secretary of Transportation shall encourage States, operators of one-call notification programs, excavators (including all government and contract excavators), and underground facility operators to adopt and implement practices identified in the best practices report entitled "Common Ground", as periodically updated.

(b) Technical Assistance.—The Secretary shall provide technical assistance to and participate in programs sponsored by a non-profit organization specifically established for the purpose of reducing construction-related damage to underground facilities.

(c) Grants.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary may make grants to a non-profit organization described in subsection (b).

(2) Authorization of appropriations.—In addition to amounts authorized under section 6107, there is authorized to be appropriated for making grants under this subsection $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

(3) General revenue funding.—Any sums appropriated under this subsection shall be derived from general revenues and may not be derived from amounts collected under section 60301.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7302(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 480; amended Pub. L. 107–355, §2(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2985.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–355 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to study of existing one-call systems, purpose and considerations of study, report by Secretary within one year of June 9, 1998, and discretion of Secretary as to whether to carry out study.
49 U.S.C. § 47303 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 473 / Section 47303: Training foreign citizens
Training foreign citizens
Status: in_force

Subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation or Commerce, as appropriate, may train a foreign citizen in a subject related to aeronautics and essential to the orderly and safe operation of civil aircraft. The training may be provided—

(1) directly by the appropriate Secretary or jointly with another department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government;

(2) through a public or private agency of the United States (including a State or municipal educational institution); or

(3) through an international organization.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1281.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47303
49 App.:1153.
June 16, 1948, ch. 473, §4, 62 Stat. 451.

  
49 App.:1655(c)(1).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(c)(1), 80 Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), 96 Stat. 2444.

In this section, before clause (1), the title "Secretary of Commerce" is substituted for "Chief of the Weather Bureau" in section 4 of the International Aviation Facilities Act (ch. 473, 62 Stat. 451) because of sections 1 and 2 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1965 (eff. July 13, 1965, 79 Stat. 1318). The words "within or outside the United States" are omitted as surplus. The word "citizen" is substituted for "nationals" as being more appropriate. In clause (1), the word "jointly" is substituted for "or in conjunction" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government" are substituted for "United States Government agency" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
49 U.S.C. § 41502 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 415 / Section 41502: Establishing joint prices for through routes with other carriers
Establishing joint prices for through routes with other carriers
Status: in_force

(a) Joint Prices.—An air carrier may establish reasonable joint prices and through service with another carrier. However, an air carrier not directly operating aircraft in air transportation (except an air express company) may not establish under this section a joint price for the transportation of property with a carrier subject to subtitle IV of this title.

(b) Prices, Classifications, Rules, and Practices and Divisions of Joint Prices.—For through service by an air carrier and a carrier subject to subtitle IV of this title, the participating carriers shall establish—

(1) reasonable prices and reasonable classifications, rules, and practices affecting those prices or the value of the transportation provided under those prices; and

(2) for joint prices established for the through service, reasonable divisions of those joint prices among the participating carriers.

(c) Statements Included in Tariffs.—An air carrier and a carrier subject to subtitle IV of this title that are participating in through service and joint prices shall include in their tariffs, filed with the Secretary of Transportation, a statement showing the through service and joint prices.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1132; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §308(l), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 105–102, §2(22), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2205.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41502(a)
49 App.:1483(b) (1st sentence).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §1003(b), 72 Stat. 791.

41502(b)
49 App.:1483(b) (2d sentence).

41502(c)
49 App.:1483(b) (last sentence).

  
49 App.:155(b)(1)(E).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1601(b)(1)(E); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, §3(e), 98 Stat. 1704.

In subsection (a), the words "(except an air express company)" are substituted for "(other than companies engaged in the air express business)" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b), before clause (1), the words "participating carriers" are substituted for "carriers parties thereto" and "carriers participating therein" for consistency in this chapter.

In subsection (c), the words "or the Interstate Commerce Commission, as the case may be" are omitted because of 49:10526(a)(8)(B).

Pub. L. 105–102

This amends the catchline for 49:41502 to make a technical and conforming amendment necessary because section 308(l) of the ICC Termination Act (Public Law 104–88, 109 Stat. 948) struck "common" from the text of 49:41502.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1997—Pub. L. 105–102 struck out "common" before "carriers" in section catchline.

1995—Pub. L. 104–88 substituted "another carrier" for "another common carrier" in subsec. (a) and "a carrier" for "a common carrier" in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1995 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 49105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 491 / Section 49105: Capital improvements, construction, and rehabilitation
Capital improvements, construction, and rehabilitation
Status: in_force

(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority—

(1) should pursue the improvement, construction, and rehabilitation of the facilities at Washington Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport simultaneously; and

(2) to the extent practicable, should cause the improvement, construction, and rehabilitation proposed by the Secretary of Transportation to be completed at Washington Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport within 5 years after March 30, 1988.

(b) Secretary's Assistance.—The Secretary shall assist the 3 airports serving the District of Columbia metropolitan area in planning for operational and capital improvements at those airports and shall accelerate consideration of applications for United States Government financial assistance by whichever of the 3 airports is most in need of increasing airside capacity.

(Added Pub. L. 105–102, §2(26), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2210; amended Pub. L. 105–154, §2(a)(1)(D), Feb. 6, 1998, 112 Stat. 3.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

49105(a) 
(uncodified). 
Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, title VI, §6006(a), 100 Stat. 1783–378.

  
  
Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, title VI, §6006(a), 100 Stat. 3341–381.

49105(b) 
(uncodified). 
Oct. 18, 1986, Pub. L. 99–500, title VI, §6006(b), 100 Stat. 1783–379.

  
  
Oct. 30, 1986, Pub. L. 99–591, title VI, §6006(b), 100 Stat. 3341–382.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 49105 was renumbered section 50105 of this title.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–154 substituted "Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport" for "Washington National Airport".
49 U.S.C. § 11322 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 113 / Subchapter II / Section 11322: Limitation on pooling and division of transportation or earnings
Limitation on pooling and division of transportation or earnings
Status: in_force

(a) A rail carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part may not agree or combine with another of those rail carriers to pool or divide traffic or services or any part of their earnings without the approval of the Board under this section or section 11123 of this title. The Board may approve and authorize the agreement or combination if the rail carriers involved assent to the pooling or division and the Board finds that a pooling or division of traffic, services, or earnings—

(1) will be in the interest of better service to the public or of economy of operation; and

(2) will not unreasonably restrain competition.

(b) The Board may impose conditions governing the pooling or division and may approve and authorize payment of a reasonable consideration between the rail carriers.

(c) The Board may begin a proceeding under this section on its own initiative or on application.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 838.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11342 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 11322, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1433, related to restrictions on officers and directors of carriers, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See section 11328 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 48301 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 483 / Section 48301: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-254, div. K, title I, §1991(i)(1), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3645
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-254, div. K, title I, §1991(i)(1), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3645
Status: repealed

[§48301. Repealed. Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(i)(1), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3645]

Section, added Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §118(c)(1), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 627; amended Pub. L. 108–458, title IV, §4029, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3727; Pub. L. 110–53, title XVI, §1618, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 489, related to aviation security funding.
49 U.S.C. § 41710 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter I / Section 41710: Time requirements
Time requirements
Status: in_force

When a matter requiring action of the Secretary of Transportation is submitted under section 40109(a) or (c)–(h), 41309, or 42111 of this title and an evidentiary hearing—

(1) is ordered, the Secretary shall make a final decision on the matter not later than the last day of the 12th month that begins after the date the matter is submitted; or

(2) is not ordered, the Secretary shall make a final decision on the matter not later than the last day of the 6th month that begins after the date the matter is submitted.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1142.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41710
49 App.:1490.
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1010; added Oct. 24, 1978, Pub. L. 95–504, §38(a), 92 Stat. 1743.

  
49 App.:1551(b)(1)(E).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1601(b)(1)(E); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, §3(e), 98 Stat. 1704.

In this section, before clause (1), the words "matter requiring action of the Secretary" are substituted for "application or other written document" for clarity. The reference to 49 App.:1378 and 1379 is omitted as obsolete because under 49 App.:1551(a)(7), those sections ceased to be in effect on January 1, 1989. The words "on or after the one-hundred-eightieth day after October 24, 1978" are omitted as executed. In clauses (1) and (2), the words "order or" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 31109 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 311 / Subchapter I / Section 31109: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-94, div. A, title V, §5101(e)(4), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1525
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-94, div. A, title V, §5101(e)(4), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1525
Status: repealed

[§31109. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title V, §5101(e)(4), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1525]

Section, added Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4109(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1721, related to performance and registration information system management.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2016, subject to a transition provision, see section 5101(f), (g) of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as Effective Date of 2015 Amendment and Transition notes under section 31102 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 47505 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter I / Section 47505: Airport noise compatibility planning grants
Airport noise compatibility planning grants
Status: in_force

(a) General Authority.—The Secretary of Transportation may make a grant to a sponsor of an airport to develop, for planning purposes, information necessary to prepare and submit—

(1) a noise exposure map and related information under section 47503 of this title, including the cost of obtaining the information; or

(2) a noise compatibility program under section 47504 of this title.

(b) Availability of Amounts and Government's Share of Costs.—A grant under subsection (a) of this section may be made from amounts available under section 48103 of this title. The United States Government's share of the grant is the percent for which a project for airport development at an airport would be eligible under section 47109(a) and (b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1286.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47505
49 App.:2103(b).
Feb. 18, 1980, Pub. L. 96–193, §103(b), 94 Stat. 51; restated Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, §524(b)(3), 96 Stat. 696.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "incur obligations to" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 46106 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 461 / Section 46106: Enforcement by the Department of Transportation
Enforcement by the Department of Transportation
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation (or the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration) may bring a civil action against a person in a district court of the United States to enforce this part or a requirement or regulation prescribed, or an order or any term of a certificate or permit issued, under this part. The action may be brought in the judicial district in which the person does business or the violation occurred.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1229; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §140(b)(1), (7), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1991(f)(1), (3), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3642.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

46106
49 App.:1487(a) (related to Secretary and CAB).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §1007(a) (related to Administrator and CAB), 72 Stat. 796.

  
49 App.:1551(b)(1)(E).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1601(b)(1)(E); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, §3(e), 98 Stat. 1704.

  
49 App.:1655(c)(1).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(c)(1), 80 Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), 96 Stat. 2444.

The words "their duly authorized agents" are omitted as surplus. The words "may bring a civil action" are substituted for "may apply" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code and rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (28 App. U.S.C.). The word "prescribed" is added for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the Code. The words "condition, or limitation" are omitted as being included in "term". The text of 49 App.:1487(a) (words after semicolon related to Secretary and CAB) is omitted as surplus because of 28:1651 and rule 81(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (28 App. U.S.C.).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–254, §1991(f)(3), substituted "by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration)" for "by the Administrator)".

Pub. L. 115–254, §1991(f)(1), substituted "Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration" for "Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary".

2001—Pub. L. 107–71, §140(b)(7), substituted "Department of Transportation" for "Secretary of Transportation and Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration" in section catchline.

Pub. L. 107–71, §140(b)(1), inserted "the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or" after "(or".
49 U.S.C. § 11145 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 111 / Subchapter III / Section 11145: Reports by rail carriers, lessors, and associations
Reports by rail carriers, lessors, and associations
Status: in_force

(a) The Board may require—

(1) rail carriers, lessors, and associations, or classes of them as the Board may prescribe, to file annual, periodic, and special reports with the Board containing answers to questions asked by it; and

(2) a person furnishing cars to a rail carrier to file reports with the Board containing answers to questions about those cars.

(b)(1) An annual report shall contain an account, in as much detail as the Board may require, of the affairs of the rail carrier, lessor, or association for the 12-month period ending on December 31 of each year.

(2) An annual report shall be filed with the Board by the end of the third month after the end of the year for which the report is made unless the Board extends the filing date or changes the period covered by the report. The annual report and, if the Board requires, any other report made under this section, shall be made under oath.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 835.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 11145, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1427; Pub. L. 96–296, §5(b), July 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 796, related to reports by carriers, lessors, and associations, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 11145, 14123, and 15723 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 30306 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 303 / Section 30306: Repealed. Pub. L. 117-58, div. B, title IV, §24218(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 831
Repealed. Pub. L. 117-58, div. B, title IV, §24218(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 831
Status: repealed

[§30306. Repealed. Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, §24218(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 831]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 978; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(308), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4340, related to establishment, duties, and membership of the National Driver Register Advisory Committee.
49 U.S.C. § 15501 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 155 / Section 15501: Standards for pipeline rates, classifications, through routes, rules, and practices
Standards for pipeline rates, classifications, through routes, rules, and practices
Status: in_force

(a) Reasonableness.—A rate, classification, rule, or practice related to transportation or service provided by a pipeline carrier subject to this part must be reasonable. A through route established by such a carrier must be reasonable.

(b) Nondiscrimination.—A pipeline carrier providing transportation subject to this part may not discriminate in its rates against a connecting line of any other pipeline, rail, or water carrier providing transportation subject to this subtitle or unreasonably discriminate against that line in the distribution of traffic that is not routed specifically by the shipper.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §106(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 923.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10701 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 11502 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 115 / Section 11502: Withholding State and local income tax by rail carriers
Withholding State and local income tax by rail carriers
Status: in_force

(a) No part of the compensation paid by a rail carrier providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part to an employee who performs regularly assigned duties as such an employee on a railroad in more than one State shall be subject to the income tax laws of any State or subdivision of that State, other than the State or subdivision thereof of the employee's residence.

(b) A rail carrier withholding pay from an employee under subsection (a) of this section shall file income tax information returns and other reports only with the State and subdivision of residence of the employee.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 844.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11504 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Prior sections 11502 to 11507 were omitted in the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Section 11502, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1445, related to conferences and joint hearings with State authorities.

Section 11503, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1445, related to tax discrimination against rail transportation property. See section 11501 of this title.

Section 11503a, added Pub. L. 96–296, §31(a)(1), July 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 823; amended Pub. L. 97–261, §20, Sept. 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 1122, related to tax discrimination against motor carrier transportation property. See section 14502 of this title.

Section 11504, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 97–261, §29(d), Sept. 20, 1982, 96 Stat. 1128; Pub. L. 101–322, §7, July 6, 1990, 104 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(m)(33), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1378, related to withholding State and local income tax by certain carriers. See sections 11502 and 14503 of this title.

Section 11505, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1448; Pub. L. 99–521, §11(b), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2998, related to State action to enjoin rail carriers from certain actions.

Section 11506, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1448; Pub. L. 102–240, title IV, §4005, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2146, related to registration of motor carriers by a State.

Section 11507, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1449; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §233, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2031, related to prison-made property governed by State law.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 11161 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 111 / Subchapter IV / Section 11161: Implementation of cost accounting principles
Implementation of cost accounting principles
Status: in_force

The Board shall periodically review its cost accounting rules and shall make such changes in those rules as are required to achieve the regulatory purposes of this part. The Board shall insure that the rules promulgated under this section are the most efficient and least burdensome means by which the required information may be developed for regulatory purposes. To the maximum extent practicable, the Board shall conform such rules to generally accepted accounting principles.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 835.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11163 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 11161, added Pub. L. 96–448, title III, §302(a), Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1934, related to Railroad Accounting Principles Board, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 5503 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 55 / Subchapter I / Section 5503: Repealed. Pub. L. 114-94, div. A, title VI, §6015(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1571
Repealed. Pub. L. 114-94, div. A, title VI, §6015(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1571
Status: repealed

[§5503. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6015(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1571]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5109(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 108–426, §4(c), Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2425; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4149, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §301(k), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1616; Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 574, related to the Office of Intermodalism.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 41702 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter I / Section 41702: Interstate air transportation
Interstate air transportation
Status: in_force

An air carrier shall provide safe and adequate interstate air transportation.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1140.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

41702
49 App.:1374(a)(1).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §404(a)(1), 72 Stat. 760; Mar. 22, 1972, Pub. L. 92–259, §1, 86 Stat. 95; Oct. 24, 1978, Pub. L. 95–504, §23, 92 Stat. 1724.

  
49 App.:1551(a)(4)(C) (related to 49 App.:1374(a)(1)).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1601(a)(4)(C) (related to §404(a)(1)); added Oct. 4, 1984, Pub. L. 98–443, §3(c), 98 Stat. 1703.

This section is substituted for 49 App.:1374(a)(1) because 49 App.:1551(a)(4)(C) provides that 49 App.:1374 no longer applies to interstate or overseas air transportation except insofar as 49 App.:1374 requires air carriers to provide safe and adequate service.
49 U.S.C. § 47123 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 471 / Subchapter I / Section 47123: Nondiscrimination
Nondiscrimination
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Transportation shall take affirmative action to ensure that an individual is not excluded because of race, creed, color, national origin, or sex from participating in an activity carried out with money received under a grant under this subchapter. The Secretary shall prescribe regulations necessary to carry out this section. The regulations shall be similar to those in effect under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.). This section is in addition to title VI of the Act.

(b) Indian Employment.—

(1) Tribal sponsor preference.—Consistent with section 703(i) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–2(i)), nothing in this section shall preclude the preferential employment of Indians living on or near a reservation on a project or contract at—

(A) an airport sponsored by an Indian tribal government; or

(B) an airport located on an Indian reservation.

(2) State preference.—A State may implement a preference for employment of Indians on a project carried out under this subchapter near an Indian reservation.

(3) Implementation.—The Secretary shall consult with Indian tribal governments and cooperate with the States to implement this subsection.

(4) Indian tribal government defined.—In this section, the term "Indian tribal government" has the same meaning given that term in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1275; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title I, §153, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3216.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47123
49 App.:2219.
Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, §520, 96 Stat. 694.

The words "as the Secretary deems" and "the purposes of" are omitted as surplus. The words "The regulations shall be similar to those in effect under" are substituted for "and may enforce this section, and any rules promulgated under this section, through agency and department provisions and rules which shall be similar to those established and in effect under" for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words and because "rules" and "regulations" are synonymous. The words "The provisions of . . . and not in lieu of the provisions of" are omitted as surplus. The word "is" is substituted for "shall be considered to be" to eliminate unnecessary words.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–254 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).
49 U.S.C. § 31708 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 317 / Section 31708: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-178, title IV, §4013, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 409
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-178, title IV, §4013, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 409
Status: repealed

[§31708. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4013, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 409]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1033, related to authorization of appropriations for working group under section 31702 of this title and for grants under section 31703 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 6312 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 63 / Section 6312: Transportation statistics annual report
Transportation statistics annual report
Status: in_force

The Director shall submit to the President and Congress a transportation statistics annual report, which shall include—

(1) information on the progress of the Director in carrying out the duties described in section 6302(b)(3)(B);

(2) documentation of the methods used to obtain and ensure the quality of the statistics presented in the report; and

(3) any recommendations of the Director for improving transportation statistical information.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, title II, §52011(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 894.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 31115 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 311 / Subchapter II / Section 31115: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

On the request of the Secretary of Transportation, the Attorney General shall bring a civil action for appropriate injunctive relief to ensure compliance with this subchapter or subchapter I of this chapter. The action may be brought in a district court of the United States in any State in which the relief is required. On a proper showing, the court shall issue a temporary restraining order or preliminary or permanent injunction. An injunction under this section may order a State or person to comply with this subchapter, subchapter I, or a regulation prescribed under this subchapter or subchapter I.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 999.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31115
49 App.:2313.
Jan. 6, 1983, Pub. L. 97–424, §413, 96 Stat. 2160; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–554, §214, 98 Stat. 2844.

The words "to assure compliance with the terms of this chapter" and "In any action under this section" are omitted as surplus. The last sentence is substituted for 49 App.:2313 (last sentence) for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 30105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 301 / Subchapter I / Section 30105: Restriction on lobbying activities
Restriction on lobbying activities
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—No funds appropriated to the Secretary for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall be available for any activity specifically designed to urge a State or local legislator to favor or oppose the adoption of any specific legislative proposal pending before any State or local legislative body.

(b) Appearance as Witness Not Barred.—Subsection (a) does not prohibit officers or employees of the United States from testifying before any State or local legislative body in response to the invitation of any member of that legislative body or a State executive office.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 105–178, title VII, §7104(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 466; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9012(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 864.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §7104(c), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, inserted "for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration" after "Secretary".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.
49 U.S.C. § 47507 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter I / Section 47507: Nonadmissibility of noise exposure map and related information as evidence
Nonadmissibility of noise exposure map and related information as evidence
Status: in_force

No part of a noise exposure map or related information described in section 47503 of this title that is submitted to, or prepared by, the Secretary of Transportation and no part of a list of land uses the Secretary identifies as normally compatible with various exposures of individuals to noise may be admitted into evidence or used for any other purpose in a civil action asking for relief for noise resulting from the operation of an airport.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1287.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47507
49 App.:2106.
Feb. 18, 1980, Pub. L. 96–193, §106, 94 Stat. 53.

The words "land uses which are" are omitted as surplus. The words "civil action" are substituted for "suit or action" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. The words "damages or other" are omitted as surplus.
49 U.S.C. § 14102 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 141 / Subchapter I / Section 14102: Leased motor vehicles
Leased motor vehicles
Status: in_force

(a) General Authority of Secretary.—The Secretary may require a motor carrier providing transportation subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 that uses motor vehicles not owned by it to transport property under an arrangement with another party to—

(1) make the arrangement in writing signed by the parties specifying its duration and the compensation to be paid by the motor carrier;

(2) carry a copy of the arrangement in each motor vehicle to which it applies during the period the arrangement is in effect;

(3) inspect the motor vehicles and obtain liability and cargo insurance on them; and

(4) have control of and be responsible for operating those motor vehicles in compliance with requirements prescribed by the Secretary on safety of operations and equipment, and with other applicable law as if the motor vehicles were owned by the motor carrier.

(b) Responsible Party for Loading and Unloading.—The Secretary shall require, by regulation, that any arrangement, between a motor carrier of property providing transportation subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I of chapter 135 and any other person, under which such other person is to provide any portion of such transportation by a motor vehicle not owned by the carrier shall specify, in writing, who is responsible for loading and unloading the property onto and from the motor vehicle.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 890.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11107 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 10905 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 109 / Section 10905: Offering abandoned rail properties for sale for public purposes
Offering abandoned rail properties for sale for public purposes
Status: in_force

When the Board approves an application to abandon or discontinue under section 10903, the Board shall find whether the rail properties that are involved in the proposed abandonment or discontinuance are appropriate for use for public purposes, including highways, other forms of mass transportation, conservation, energy production or transmission, or recreation. If the Board finds that the rail properties proposed to be abandoned are appropriate for public purposes and not required for continued rail operations, the properties may be sold, leased, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of only under conditions provided in the order of the Board. The conditions may include a prohibition on any such disposal for a period of not more than 180 days after the effective date of the order, unless the properties have first been offered, on reasonable terms, for sale for public purposes.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 827.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 10906 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

A prior section 10905, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1405; Pub. L. 96–448, title IV, §402(c), Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1942; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(j)(26), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1369, related to offers of financial assistance to avoid abandonment and discontinuance, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See section 10904 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 41311 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 413 / Section 41311: Gambling restrictions
Gambling restrictions
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—An air carrier or foreign air carrier may not install, transport, or operate, or permit the use of, any gambling device on board an aircraft in foreign air transportation.

(b) Definition.—In this section, the term "gambling device" means any machine or mechanical device (including gambling applications on electronic interactive video systems installed on board aircraft for passenger use)—

(1) which when operated may deliver, as the result of the application of an element of chance, any money or property; or

(2) by the operation of which a person may become entitled to receive, as the result of the application of an element of chance, any money or property.

(Added Pub. L. 103–305, title II, §205(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1583.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Study of Gambling on Commercial Aircraft

Pub. L. 103–305, title II, §205(b), Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1583, provided that the Secretary, not later than 1 year after Aug. 23, 1994, was to complete a study of the aviation safety effects of gambling applications on electronic interactive video systems installed on board aircraft for passenger use and the competitive implications of permitting foreign air carriers only, but not United States air carriers, to install, transport, and operate gambling applications on electronic interactive video systems on board aircraft on flights over international waters, and provided that the Secretary, within 5 days after the completion of the study, would submit a report to Congress on the results of the study.
49 U.S.C. § 44102 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 441 / Section 44102: Registration requirements
Registration requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Eligibility.—An aircraft may be registered under section 44103 of this title only when the aircraft is—

(1) not registered under the laws of a foreign country and is owned by—

(A) a citizen of the United States;

(B) an individual citizen of a foreign country lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States; or

(C) a corporation not a citizen of the United States when the corporation is organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or a State, and the aircraft is based and primarily used in the United States; or

(2) an aircraft of—

(A) the United States Government; or

(B) a State, the District of Columbia, a territory or possession of the United States, or a political subdivision of a State, territory, or possession.

(b) Duty To Define Certain Term.—In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(C) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall define "based and primarily used in the United States".

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1161.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44102(a)(1)
49 App.:1401(b) (1st sentence cl. (1)).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §501(b), 72 Stat. 772; restated Nov. 9, 1977, Pub. L. 95–163, §14, 91 Stat. 1283; Mar. 8, 1978, Pub. L. 95–241, 92 Stat. 119.

44102(a)(2)
49 App.:1401(b) (1st sentence cl. (2)).

44102(b)
49 App.:1401(b) (last sentence).

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words "may be registered" are substituted for "shall be eligible for registration", and the words "under section 44103 of this title" are added, for clarity. The words "only when" are substituted for "if, but only if" for consistency. In subclause (C), the words "not a citizen of the United States" are substituted for "(other than a corporation which is a citizen of the United States)" to eliminate unnecessary words. The word "lawfully" is omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(C) of this section" are added because of the restatement. The words "by regulation" are omitted as unnecessary because of 49:322(a).
49 U.S.C. § 44727 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 447 / Section 44727: Runway safety areas
Runway safety areas
Status: in_force

(a) Airports in Alaska.—An airport owner or operator in the State of Alaska shall not be required to reduce the length of a runway or declare the length of a runway to be less than the actual pavement length in order to meet standards of the Federal Aviation Administration applicable to runway safety areas.

(b) Study.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary shall conduct a study of runways at airports in States other than Alaska to determine which airports are affected by standards of the Federal Aviation Administration applicable to runway safety areas and to assess how operations at those airports would be affected if the owner or operator of the airport is required to reduce the length of a runway or declare the length of a runway to be less than the actual pavement length in order to meet such standards.

(2) Report.—Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report containing the results of the study.

(Added Pub. L. 108–176, title V, §502(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2557.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–176, which was approved Dec. 12, 2003.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 6109 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 61 / Section 6109: Public education and awareness
Public education and awareness
Status: in_force

(a) Grant Authority.—The Secretary shall make a grant to an appropriate entity for promoting public education and awareness with respect to the 811 national excavation damage prevention phone number.

(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $1,000,000 for the period beginning October 1, 2006, and ending September 30, 2008, to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 109–468, §3(a), Dec. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 3489.)
49 U.S.C. § 70203 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 702 / Section 70203: Transportation investment data and planning tools
Transportation investment data and planning tools
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall—

(1) begin development of new tools and improvement of existing tools to support an outcome-oriented, performance-based approach to evaluate proposed freight-related and other transportation projects, including—

(A) methodologies for systematic analysis of benefits and costs on a national or regional basis;

(B) tools for ensuring that the evaluation of freight-related and other transportation projects could consider safety, economic competitiveness, urban and rural access, environmental sustainability, and system condition in the project selection process;

(C) improved methods for data collection and trend analysis;

(D) encouragement of public-private collaboration to carry out data sharing activities while maintaining the confidentiality of all proprietary data; and

(E) other tools to assist in effective transportation planning;

(2) identify transportation-related model data elements to support a broad range of evaluation methods and techniques to assist in making transportation investment decisions; and

(3) at a minimum, in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, consider any improvements to existing freight flow data collection efforts that could reduce identified freight data gaps and deficiencies and help improve forecasts of freight transportation demand.

(b) Consultation.—The Secretary shall consult with Federal, State, and other stakeholders to develop, improve, and implement the tools and collect the data described in subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VIII, §8001(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1611.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–94, which was approved Dec. 4, 2015.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
49 U.S.C. § 20903 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 209 / Section 20903: Reports not evidence in civil actions for damages
Reports not evidence in civil actions for damages
Status: in_force

No part of an accident or incident report filed by a railroad carrier under section 20901 of this title or made by the Secretary of Transportation under section 20902 of this title may be used in a civil action for damages resulting from a matter mentioned in the report.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 887.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20903
45:41.
May 6, 1910, ch. 208, §4, 36 Stat. 351.

The words "civil action" are substituted for "suit or action" for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.
49 U.S.C. § 20110 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 201 / Subchapter I / Section 20110: Effect on employee qualifications and collective bargaining
Effect on employee qualifications and collective bargaining
Status: in_force

This chapter does not—

(1) authorize the Secretary of Transportation to prescribe regulations and issue orders related to qualifications of employees, except qualifications specifically related to safety; or

(2) prohibit the bargaining representatives of railroad carriers and their employees from making collective bargaining agreements under the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.), including agreements related to qualifications of employees, that are not inconsistent with regulations prescribed and orders issued under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 868.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

20110 
45:431(a) (2d, last sentences). 
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, §202(a) (2d, last sentences), 84 Stat. 971.

In clause (2), the words "railroad carriers" are substituted for "common carriers" for consistency in this part.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Railway Labor Act, referred to in par. (2), is act May 20, 1926, ch. 347, 44 Stat. 577, which is classified principally to chapter 8 (§151 et seq.) of Title 45, Railroads. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 151 of Title 45 and Tables.
49 U.S.C. § 5908 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 59 / Section 5908: Relationship to other laws
Relationship to other laws
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter affects—

(1) chapter 51 (relating to transportation of hazardous material) or the regulations promulgated under that chapter; or

(2) any State highway weight or size law or regulation applicable to tractor-trailer combinations.

(Added Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §209(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3458.)
49 U.S.C. § 41746 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter II / Section 41746: Tracking service
Tracking service
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Transportation shall require a carrier that provides essential air service to an eligible place and that receives compensation for such service under this subchapter to report not less than semiannually—

(1) the percentage of flights to and from the place that arrive on time as defined by the Secretary; and

(2) such other information as the Secretary considers necessary to evaluate service provided to passengers traveling to and from such place.

(Added Pub. L. 108–176, title IV, §407, Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2545.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 22904 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 229 / Section 22904: Use of capital grants to finance first-dollar liability of grant project
Use of capital grants to finance first-dollar liability of grant project
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding the requirements of section 22902 of this chapter, the Secretary of Transportation may approve the use of a capital assistance grant under this chapter to fund self-insured retention of risk for the first tier of liability insurance coverage for rail passenger service associated with the grant, but the coverage may not exceed $20,000,000 per occurrence or $20,000,000 in aggregate per year.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title III, §301(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4942, §24404; renumbered §22904 and amended Pub. L. 115–420, §7(a)(1), (b)(2)(B), Jan. 3, 2019, 132 Stat. 5445, 5446.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Pub. L. 115–420 renumbered section 24404 of this title as this section and substituted "section 22902" for "section 24402".
49 U.S.C. § 10703 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 107 / Subchapter I / Section 10703: Authority for rail carriers to establish through routes
Authority for rail carriers to establish through routes
Status: in_force

Rail carriers providing transportation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part shall establish through routes (including physical connections) with each other and with water carriers providing transportation subject to chapter 137, shall establish rates and classifications applicable to those routes, and shall establish rules for their operation and provide—

(1) reasonable facilities for operating the through route; and

(2) reasonable compensation to persons entitled to compensation for services related to the through route.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 810.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 10703, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1372; Pub. L. 96–296, §22(a), (h), July 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 812, 814; Pub. L. 97–449, §5(g)(5), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2443; Pub. L. 98–216, §2(11), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 5; Pub. L. 99–521, §7(a), Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2994; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(m)(21), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1377, related to authority for carriers to establish through routes, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 10703 and 13705 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 14505 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 145 / Section 14505: State tax
State tax
Status: in_force

A State or political subdivision thereof may not collect or levy a tax, fee, head charge, or other charge on—

(1) a passenger traveling in interstate commerce by motor carrier;

(2) the transportation of a passenger traveling in interstate commerce by motor carrier;

(3) the sale of passenger transportation in interstate commerce by motor carrier; or

(4) the gross receipts derived from such transportation.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 904.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 22906 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 229 / Section 22906: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for capital grants under this chapter the following amounts:

(1) For fiscal year 2009, $100,000,000.

(2) For fiscal year 2010, $300,000,000.

(3) For fiscal year 2011, $400,000,000.

(4) For fiscal year 2012, $500,000,000.

(5) For fiscal year 2013, $600,000,000.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title III, §301(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4946, §24406; renumbered §22906, Pub. L. 115–420, §7(a)(1), Jan. 3, 2019, 132 Stat. 5445.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2019—Pub. L. 115–420 renumbered section 24406 of this title as this section.
49 U.S.C. § 10702 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 107 / Subchapter I / Section 10702: Authority for rail carriers to establish rates, classifications, rules, and practices
Authority for rail carriers to establish rates, classifications, rules, and practices
Status: in_force

A rail carrier providing transportation or service subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under this part shall establish reasonable—

(1) rates, to the extent required by section 10707, divisions of joint rates, and classifications for transportation and service it may provide under this part; and

(2) rules and practices on matters related to that transportation or service.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §102(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 810.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 10702, Pub. L. 95–473, Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1372; Pub. L. 103–180, §6(a), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2050; Pub. L. 103–311, title II, §206(a), Aug. 26, 1994, 108 Stat. 1684, related to authority for carriers to establish rates, classifications, rules, and practices, prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a). See sections 10702 and 15502 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 31702 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 317 / Section 31702: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-178, title IV, §4013, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 409
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-178, title IV, §4013, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 409
Status: repealed

[§§31702, 31703. Repealed. Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4013, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 409]

Section 31702, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1031, related to establishment and purposes of working group of State and local government officials to propose procedures to resolve disputes among States participating in the International Registration Plan and in the International Fuel Tax Agreement.

Section 31703, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1032, related to grants to States and appropriate persons to facilitate participation in the International Registration Plan and in the International Fuel Tax Agreement.
49 U.S.C. § 5502 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 55 / Subchapter I / Section 5502: Repealed. Pub. L. 117-58, div. B, title V, §25021(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 878
Repealed. Pub. L. 117-58, div. B, title V, §25021(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 878
Status: repealed

[§5502. Repealed. Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title V, §25021(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 878]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 849; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4145(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1749, related to Intermodal Transportation Advisory Board.
49 U.S.C. § 5308 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 53 / Section 5308: Repealed. Pub. L. 112-141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622
Repealed. Pub. L. 112-141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622
Status: repealed

[§5308. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3008(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(f), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 855; Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3010(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1572, related to a grant program for clean fuel buses.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of Title 23, Highways.

National Fuel Cell Bus Technology Development Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3045, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1705, which provided for the establishment of a national fuel cell bus technology development program, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. B, §20002(c)(4), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 622.
49 U.S.C. § 47522 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 475 / Subchapter II / Section 47522: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter—

(1) "air carrier", "air transportation", and "United States" have the same meanings given those terms in section 40102(a) of this title.

(2) "stage 3 noise levels" means the stage 3 noise levels in part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, in effect on November 5, 1990.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1288.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

47522
49 App.:2157(h).
Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, §9308(h), 104 Stat. 1388–384.

The definitions are made applicable to all of subchapter II, rather than only to those provisions based on 49 App.:2157 as in the source provisions, because the defined terms appear in several sections of subchapter II and it is assumed they are intended to have the same meaning in each of those sections.
49 U.S.C. § 48105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 481 / Section 48105: Weather reporting services
Weather reporting services
Status: in_force

To sustain the aviation weather reporting programs of the Federal Aviation Administration, the Secretary of Transportation may expend from amounts available under section 48104 of this title not more than the following amounts:

(1) for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, $35,596,000.

(2) for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, $37,800,000.

(3) for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, $39,000,000.

(4) $39,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(5) $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title I, §114, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3201; Pub. L. 118–15, div. B, title II, §2202(j), Sept. 30, 2023, 137 Stat. 83; Pub. L. 118–34, title I, §102(j), Dec. 26, 2023, 137 Stat. 1113; Pub. L. 118–41, title I, §102(j), Mar. 8, 2024, 138 Stat. 22; Pub. L. 118–63, title I, §104(c), May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1035.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

48105
49 App.:2205(d).
Sept. 3, 1982, Pub. L. 97–248, §506(d), 96 Stat. 678; Dec. 30, 1987, Pub. L. 100–223, §105(c)(2), 101 Stat. 1493; Nov. 5, 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, §§9108, 9204, 104 Stat. 1388–355, 1388–373; Oct. 31, 1992, Pub. L. 102–581, §103(d), 106 Stat. 4877.

The words "for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1982" are omitted as obsolete. The words "Secretary of Commerce" are substituted for "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" because of 15:1501. The words "The Federal Aviation Administration with" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Par. (5). Pub. L. 118–63 added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "$23,762,295 for the period beginning on October 1, 2023, and ending on May 10, 2024."

Pub. L. 118–41 added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "$17,049,180 for the period beginning on October 1, 2023, and ending on March 8, 2024."

2023—Par. (5). Pub. L. 118–34 added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "$9,803,278 for the period beginning on October 1, 2023, and ending on December 31, 2023."

Pub. L. 118–15 added par. (5).

2018—Pub. L. 115–254, §114(1), substituted "To sustain the aviation weather reporting programs of the Federal Aviation Administration, the Secretary of Transportation" for "To reimburse the Secretary of Commerce for the cost incurred by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of providing weather reporting services to the Federal Aviation Administration, the Secretary of Transportation" in introductory provisions.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–254, §114(2), added par. (4).
49 U.S.C. § 5907 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 59 / Section 5907: Effective date
Effective date
Status: in_force

This chapter shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of the Intermodal Safe Container Transportation Amendments Act of 1996.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 104–291, title II, §208(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3457.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5907(a) 
49:508 (note). 
Oct. 28, 1992, Pub. L. 102–548, §2(d), 106 Stat. 3649.

5907(b) 
49:508(a)(3) (related to effective date).

In subsection (a), the words "shall initiate a proceeding to issue regulations . . . within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act" are omitted as executed.

Subsection (b) is substituted for the source provision and made applicable to the entire chapter for clarity.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of enactment of the Intermodal Safe Container Transportation Amendments Act of 1996, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 104–291, which was approved Oct. 11, 1996.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–291 substituted "Effective date" for "Regulations and effective date" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) Regulations.—Not later than July 25, 1993, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe final regulations to enforce this chapter. The Secretary may establish by regulation exemptions to the regulations that are in the public interest and consistent with the purposes of this chapter.

"(b) Effective Date.—This chapter is effective on the date final regulations to enforce this chapter are prescribed."
49 U.S.C. § 47140a (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 471 / Subchapter I / Section 47140a: Renumbered §47140
Renumbered §47140
Status: renumbered

[§47140a. Renumbered §47140]
49 U.S.C. § 14902 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 149 / Section 14902: Civil penalty for accepting rebates from carrier
Civil penalty for accepting rebates from carrier
Status: in_force

A person—

(1) delivering property to a carrier providing transportation or service subject to jurisdiction under chapter 135 for transportation under this part or for whom that carrier will transport the property as consignor or consignee for that person from a State or territory or possession of the United States to another State or possession, territory, or to a foreign country; and

(2) knowingly accepting or receiving by any means a rebate or offset against the rate for transportation for, or service of, that property contained in a tariff required under section 13702;

is liable to the United States for a civil penalty in an amount equal to 3 times the amount of money that person accepted or received as a rebate or offset and 3 times the value of other consideration accepted or received as a rebate or offset. In a civil action under this section, all money or other consideration received by the person during a period of 6 years before an action is brought under this section may be included in determining the amount of the penalty, and if that total amount is included, the penalty shall be 3 times that total amount.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 915.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11902 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 14705 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 147 / Section 14705: Limitation on actions by and against carriers
Limitation on actions by and against carriers
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—A carrier providing transportation or service subject to jurisdiction under chapter 135 must begin a civil action to recover charges for transportation or service provided by the carrier within 18 months after the claim accrues.

(b) Overcharges.—A person must begin a civil action to recover overcharges within 18 months after the claim accrues. If the claim is against a carrier providing transportation subject to jurisdiction under chapter 135 and an election to file a complaint with the Board or Secretary, as applicable, is made under section 14704(c)(1), the complaint must be filed within 3 years after the claim accrues.

(c) Damages.—A person must file a complaint with the Board or Secretary, as applicable, to recover damages under section 14704(b) within 2 years after the claim accrues.

(d) Extensions.—The limitation periods under subsection (b) of this section are extended for 6 months from the time written notice is given to the claimant by the carrier of disallowance of any part of the claim specified in the notice if a written claim is given to the carrier within those limitation periods. The limitation periods under subsections (b) and (c) of this section are extended for 90 days from the time the carrier begins a civil action under subsection (a) to recover charges related to the same transportation or service, or collects (without beginning a civil action under that subsection) the charge for that transportation or service if that action is begun or collection is made within the appropriate period.

(e) Payment.—A person must begin a civil action to enforce an order of the Board or Secretary against a carrier within 1 year after the date of the order.

(f) Government Transportation.—This section applies to transportation for the United States Government. The time limitations under this section are extended, as related to transportation for or on behalf of the United States Government, for 3 years from the later of the date of—

(1) payment of the rate for the transportation or service involved;

(2) subsequent refund for overpayment of that rate; or

(3) deduction made under section 3726 of title 31.

(g) Accrual Date.—A claim related to a shipment of property accrues under this section on delivery or tender of delivery by the carrier.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 907.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11706 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 44105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 441 / Section 44105: Suspension and revocation of aircraft certificates
Suspension and revocation of aircraft certificates
Status: in_force

The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may suspend or revoke a certificate of registration issued under section 44103 of this title when the aircraft no longer meets the requirements of section 44102 of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1163.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44105
49 App.:1401(e)(1).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §501(e)(1), 72 Stat. 772; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98–499, §4(a), 98 Stat. 2314.

  
49 App.:1655(c)(1).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §6(c)(1), 80 Stat. 938; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), 96 Stat. 2444.

The words "when the aircraft no longer meets" are substituted for "for any cause which renders the aircraft ineligible" for consistency.
49 U.S.C. § 5120 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 51 / Section 5120: International uniformity of standards and requirements
International uniformity of standards and requirements
Status: in_force

(a) Participation in International Forums.—Subject to guidance and direction from the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation shall participate in international forums that establish or recommend mandatory standards and requirements for transporting hazardous material in international commerce.

(b) Consultation.—The Secretary may consult with interested authorities to ensure that, to the extent practicable, regulations the Secretary prescribes under sections 5103(b), 5104, 5110, and 5112 of this title are consistent with standards and requirements related to transporting hazardous material that international authorities adopt.

(c) Differences With International Standards and Requirements.—This section—

(1) does not require the Secretary to prescribe a standard or requirement identical to a standard or requirement adopted by an international authority if the Secretary decides the standard or requirement is unnecessary or unsafe; and

(2) does not prohibit the Secretary from prescribing a safety standard or requirement more stringent than a standard or requirement adopted by an international authority if the Secretary decides the standard or requirement is necessary in the public interest.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(d), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 778; Pub. L. 109–59, title VII, §§7117, 7126, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1902, 1909.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

5120(a) 
49 App.:1804(d)(1). 
Jan. 3, 1975, Pub. L. 93–633, §105(d), 88 Stat. 2157; restated Nov. 16, 1990, Pub. L. 101–615 §4, 104 Stat. 3252.

5120(b) 
49 App.:1804(d)(2) (1st sentence).

5120(c) 
49 App.:1804(d)(2) (last sentence).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2005—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary may" for "Secretary of Transportation may".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7117(a), inserted "and requirements" after "standards".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §7126, substituted "Secretary to prescribe" for "Secretary of Transportation to prescribe".

Pub. L. 109–59, §7117(b)(1), inserted "or requirement" after "standard" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §7117(b)(2), struck out "included in a standard" before "adopted" and inserted "standard or" before "requirement" wherever appearing.
49 U.S.C. § 60111 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 601 / Section 60111: Financial responsibility for liquefied natural gas facilities
Financial responsibility for liquefied natural gas facilities
Status: in_force

(a) Notice.—When the Secretary of Transportation believes that an operator of a liquefied natural gas facility does not have adequate financial responsibility for the facility, the Secretary may issue a notice to the operator about the inadequacy and the amount of financial responsibility the Secretary considers adequate.

(b) Hearings.—An operator receiving a notice under subsection (a) of this section may have a hearing on the record not later than 30 days after receiving the notice. The operator may show why the Secretary should not issue an order requiring the operator to demonstrate and maintain financial responsibility in at least the amount the Secretary considers adequate.

(c) Orders.—After an opportunity for a hearing on the record, the Secretary may issue the order if the Secretary decides it is justified in the public interest.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1317.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

60111(a)
49 App.:1674b(b)(1), (c).
Aug. 12, 1968, Pub. L. 90–481, 82 Stat. 720, §7(b)(1)–(3), (c); added Nov. 30, 1979, Pub. L. 96–129, §153, 93 Stat. 1002.

60111(b)
49 App.:1674b(b)(2).

60111(c)
49 App.:1674b(b)(3).

In subsection (a), the words "is not maintaining adequate insurance or otherwise", the text of 49 App.:1674b(c), and the words "and serve upon" and "a statement of" are omitted as surplus.

In subsection (b), the words "in accordance with section 554 of title 5" are omitted for consistency in the revised title and because 5:554 applies to a hearing on the record unless otherwise stated. The words "to be held" and "cause as to" are omitted as surplus. The words "the Secretary considers adequate" are substituted for "indicated in the notice under paragraph (1)" for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.

Subsection (c) is substituted for 49 App.:1674b(b)(3) to eliminate unnecessary words.
49 U.S.C. § 41725 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 417 / Subchapter I / Section 41725: Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications
Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition.—The Secretary of Transportation shall issue regulations—

(1) to prohibit an individual on an aircraft from engaging in voice communications using a mobile communications device during a flight of that aircraft in scheduled passenger interstate or intrastate air transportation; and

(2) that exempt from the prohibition described in paragraph (1) any—

(A) member of the flight crew on duty on an aircraft;

(B) flight attendant on duty on an aircraft; and

(C) Federal law enforcement officer acting in an official capacity.

(b) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

(1) Flight.—The term "flight" means, with respect to an aircraft, the period beginning when the aircraft takes off and ending when the aircraft lands.

(2) Mobile communications device.—

(A) In general.—The term "mobile communications device" means any portable wireless telecommunications equipment utilized for the transmission or reception of voice data.

(B) Limitation.—The term "mobile communications device" does not include a phone installed on an aircraft.

(Added Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3328.)
49 U.S.C. § 47306 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 473 / Section 47306: Repealed. Pub. L. 118-63, title VII, §727, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1271
Repealed. Pub. L. 118-63, title VII, §727, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1271
Status: repealed

[§47306. Repealed. Pub. L. 118–63, title VII, §727, May 16, 2024, 138 Stat. 1271]

Section, Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1283, related to criminal penalty for knowingly and willfully violating a regulation prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation to carry out this chapter.
49 U.S.C. § 44307 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 443 / Section 44307: Revolving fund
Revolving fund
Status: in_force

(a) Existence, Disbursements, Appropriations, and Deposits.—(1) There is a revolving fund in the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall disburse from the fund payments to carry out this chapter.

(2) Necessary amounts to carry out this chapter may be appropriated to the fund. The amounts appropriated and other amounts received in carrying out this chapter shall be deposited in the fund.

(b) Investment.—On request of the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of the Treasury may invest any part of the amounts in the revolving fund in interest-bearing securities of the United States Government. The interest on, and the proceeds from the sale or redemption of, the securities shall be deposited in the fund.

(c) Excess Amounts.—The balance in the revolving fund in excess of an amount the Secretary of Transportation determines is necessary for the requirements of the fund and for reasonable reserves to maintain the solvency of the fund shall be deposited at least annually in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(d) Expenses.—The Secretary of Transportation shall deposit annually an amount in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts to cover the expenses the Government incurs when the Secretary of Transportation uses appropriated amounts in carrying out this chapter. The deposited amount shall equal an amount determined by multiplying the average monthly balance of appropriated amounts retained in the revolving fund by a percentage that is at least the current average rate payable on marketable obligations of the Government. The Secretary of the Treasury shall determine annually in advance the percentage applied.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1170.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

44307(a)
49 App.:1536(a), (b).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, §1306(a)–(d), 72 Stat. 803.

44307(b)
49 App.:1536(f).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §1306(f); added Aug. 9, 1975, Pub. L. 94–90, §1(a), 89 Stat. 439.

44307(c)
49 App.:1536(c).

44307(d)
49 App.:1536(d).

In subsection (a)(1), the first sentence is added for clarity. The last sentence is substituted for 49 App.:1536(a) (last sentence) to eliminate unnecessary words and for consistency in the revised title.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "The amounts appropriated and other amounts received in carrying out this chapter" are substituted for "Moneys appropriated by Congress to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and all moneys received from premiums, salvage, or other recoveries and all receipts in connection with this subchapter" to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (b), the words "any part" are substituted for "all or any part" to eliminate unnecessary words. The words "held in the revolving fund" are omitted as surplus. The words "deposited in" are substituted for "credited to and form a part of" for consistency.

In subsection (d), the words "The Secretary of Transportation shall deposit annually an amount in the Treasury" are substituted for "Annual payments shall be made by the Secretary to the Treasury of the United States", the words "The deposited amount shall equal an amount determined by multiplying" are substituted for "These payments shall be computed by applying to", and the words "a percentage that is at least the current average rate payable on marketable obligations of the Government" are substituted for "a percentage" and "Such percentage shall not be less than the current average rate which the Treasury pays on its marketable obligations", for clarity.
49 U.S.C. § 22102 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 221 / Section 22102: Eligibility
Eligibility
Status: in_force

A State is eligible to receive financial assistance under this chapter only when the State complies with regulations the Secretary of Transportation prescribes under this chapter and the Secretary decides that—

(1) the State has an adequate plan for rail transportation in the State and a suitable process for updating, revising, and modifying the plan;

(2) the State plan is administered or coordinated by a designated State authority and provides for a fair distribution of resources;

(3) the State authority—

(A) is authorized to develop, promote, supervise, and support safe, adequate, and efficient rail transportation;

(B) employs or will employ sufficient qualified and trained personnel;

(C) maintains or will maintain adequate programs of investigation, research, promotion, and development with opportunity for public participation; and

(D) is designated and directed to take all practicable steps (by itself or with other State authorities) to improve rail transportation safety and reduce energy use and pollution related to transportation; and

(4) the State has ensured that it maintains or will maintain adequate procedures for financial control, accounting, and performance evaluation for the proper use of assistance provided by the United States Government.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 895.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

22102
49 App.:1654(a).
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, 80 Stat. 931, §5(a); added Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, §803, 90 Stat. 130; Nov. 8, 1978, Pub. L. 95–607, §§102–106(a), 107–109(a), 92 Stat. 3059, 3062; Oct. 12, 1979, Pub. L. 96–86, §115(b), 93 Stat. 662; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, §§1191, 1192, 95 Stat. 699; Jan. 14, 1983, Pub. L. 97–468, §501, 96 Stat. 2551; Apr. 7, 1986, Pub. L. 99–272, §4018, 100 Stat. 111; restated Dec. 11, 1989, Pub. L. 101–213, §2(a), (c), 103 Stat. 1843, 1844.

In this section, before clause (1), the words "and the Secretary decides that" are substituted for "and the Secretary determines that such State meets or exceeds the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this subsection" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clauses (2) and (3), the word "authority" is substituted for "agency" for consistency in the revised title. In clause (2), the word "fair" is substituted for "equitable" for consistency in the revised title. In clause (3)(A), the words "is authorized" are substituted for "has authority and administrative jurisdiction" to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (3)(B), the words "directly or indirectly" are omitted as surplus. In clause (4), the word "adopt" is omitted as being included in "maintain".
49 U.S.C. § 46319 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 463 / Section 46319: Permanent closure of an airport without providing sufficient notice
Permanent closure of an airport without providing sufficient notice
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition.—A public agency (as defined in section 47102) may not permanently close an airport listed in the national plan of integrated airport systems under section 47103 without providing written notice to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration at least 30 days before the date of the closure.

(b) Publication of Notice.—The Administrator shall publish each notice received under subsection (a) in the Federal Register.

(c) Civil Penalty.—A public agency violating subsection (a) shall be liable for a civil penalty of $10,000 for each day that the airport remains closed without having given the notice required by this section.

(Added Pub. L. 108–176, title I, §185(a), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2517.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable only to fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 2003, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 106 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 14702 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 147 / Section 14702: Enforcement by the regulatory authority
Enforcement by the regulatory authority
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—The Secretary or the Board, as applicable, may bring a civil action—

(1) to enforce section 14103 of this title; or

(2) to enforce this part, or a regulation or order of the Secretary or Board, as applicable, when violated by a carrier or broker providing transportation or service subject to jurisdiction under subchapter I or III of chapter 135 of this title or by a foreign motor carrier or foreign motor private carrier providing transportation registered under section 13902 of this title.

(b) Venue.—In a civil action under subsection (a)(2) of this section—

(1) trial is in the judicial district in which the carrier, foreign motor carrier, foreign motor private carrier, or broker operates;

(2) process may be served without regard to the territorial limits of the district or of the State in which the action is instituted; and

(3) a person participating with a carrier or broker in a violation may be joined in the civil action without regard to the residence of the person.

(c) Standing.—The Board, through its own attorneys, may bring or participate in any civil action involving motor carrier undercharges.

(Added Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §103, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 905.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 11702 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subtitle by Pub. L. 104–88, §102(a).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1996, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of this title.
49 U.S.C. § 22701 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 227 / Section 22701: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter: 1

(1) Private benefit.—

(A) In general.—The term "private benefit"—

(i) means a benefit accrued to a person or private entity, other than Amtrak, that directly improves the economic and competitive condition of that person or entity through improved assets, cost reductions, service improvements, or any other means as defined by the Secretary; and

(ii) shall be determined on a project-by-project basis, based upon an agreement between the parties.

(B) Consultation.—The Secretary may seek the advice of the States and rail carriers in further defining this term.

(2) Public benefit.—

(A) In general.—The term "public benefit"—

(i) means a benefit accrued to the public, including Amtrak, in the form of enhanced mobility of people or goods, environmental protection or enhancement, congestion mitigation, enhanced trade and economic development, improved air quality or land use, more efficient energy use, enhanced public safety or security, reduction of public expenditures due to improved transportation efficiency or infrastructure preservation, and any other positive community effects as defined by the Secretary; and

(ii) shall be determined on a project-by-project basis, based upon an agreement between the parties.

(B) Consultation.—The Secretary may seek the advice of the States and rail carriers in further defining this term.

(3) State.—The term "State" means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

(4) State rail transportation authority.—The term "State rail transportation authority" means the State agency or official responsible under the direction of the Governor of the State or a State law for preparation, maintenance, coordination, and administration of the State rail plan.

(Added Pub. L. 110–432, div. B, title III, §303(a), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4947.)

1 So in original. Probably should be "chapter:".
49 U.S.C. § 352 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 3 / Subchapter III / Section 352: Authority to carry out certain transferred duties and powers
Authority to carry out certain transferred duties and powers
Status: in_force

In carrying out a duty or power transferred under the Department of Transportation Act (Public Law 89–670, 80 Stat. 931), the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrators of the Federal Railroad Administration, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, and the Federal Aviation Administration have the same authority that was vested in the department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government carrying out the duty or power immediately before the transfer. An action of the Secretary or Administrator in carrying out the duty or power has the same effect as when carried out by the department, agency, or instrumentality.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §4(j)(10)(A), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1368; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4125(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1738.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

352 
49 App.:1653(d). 
Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §4(d), 80 Stat. 934.

The words "force and" are omitted as surplus.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Department of Transportation Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which was classified principally to sections 1651 to 1660 of former Title 49, Transportation. The Act was repealed and the provisions thereof reenacted in Title 49, Transportation, by Pub. L. 97–449, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2413, and Pub. L. 103–272, July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 745. The Act was also repealed by Pub. L. 104–287, §7(5), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3400. For disposition of sections of former Title 49, see Table at the beginning of Title 49.

Amendments

2005—Pub. L. 109–59 substituted "Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration" for "Federal Highway Administration".
49 U.S.C. § 45105 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 451 / Section 45105: Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation
Status: in_force

(a) Program for Employees of Air Carriers and Foreign Air Carriers.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall prescribe regulations establishing requirements for rehabilitation programs that at least provide for the identification and opportunity for treatment of employees of air carriers and foreign air carriers referred to in section 45102(a)(1) of this title who need assistance in resolving problems with the use of alcohol or a controlled substance in violation of law or a United States Government regulation. Each air carrier and foreign air carrier is encouraged to make such a program available to all its employees in addition to the employees referred to in section 45102(a)(1). The Administrator shall decide on the circumstances under which employees shall be required to participate in a program. This subsection does not prevent an air carrier or foreign air carrier from establishing a program under this subsection in cooperation with another air carrier or foreign air carrier.

(b) Program for Employees of the Federal Aviation Administration.—The Administrator shall establish and maintain a rehabilitation program that at least provides for the identification and opportunity for treatment of employees of the Administration whose duties include responsibility for safety-sensitive functions who need assistance in resolving problems with the use of alcohol or a controlled substance.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1223; Pub. L. 103–429, §6(58), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4385.)

Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

45105(a)
49 App.:1434(c)(1).
Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–726, 72 Stat. 731, §614(c); added Oct. 28, 1991, Pub. L. 102–143, §3(a), 105 Stat. 954.

45105(b)
49 App.:1434(c)(2).

In subsection (a), the words "of air carriers and foreign air carriers" are added for clarity.

Pub. L. 103–429

This amends 49:45105(a) to correct an error in the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 1224).

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted "section 45102(a)(1)" for "section 45102(a)(1)(A)" in second sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–429 effective July 5, 1994, see section 9 of Pub. L. 103–429, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Prioritizing and Supporting the Human Intervention Motivation Study (HIMS) Program and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program (FADAP)

Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title V, §554(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3380, provided that: "The [Federal Aviation] Administration shall continue to prioritize and support the Human Intervention Motivation Study (HIMS) program for flight crewmembers and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program (FADAP) for flight attendants."

Human Intervention Motivation Study

Pub. L. 112–95, title VIII, §819, Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 127, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 14, 2012], the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall develop a Human Intervention Motivation Study program for cabin crew members employed by commercial air carriers in the United States."
49 U.S.C. § 31317 (2024) — Title 49: TRANSPORTATION / Chapter 313 / Section 31317: Procedure for prescribing regulations
Procedure for prescribing regulations
Status: in_force

Regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation to carry out this chapter (except section 31307) shall be prescribed under section 553 of title 5 without regard to sections 556 and 557 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 103–272, §1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1029.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised 
Section
Source (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

31317
49 App.:2715.
Oct. 27, 1986, Pub. L. 99–570, §12018, 100 Stat. 3207–187.

The text of 49 App.:2715(a) is omitted as surplus because of 49:322(a). The words "(except section 31307)" are added because the source provisions restated in this section do not apply to the source provisions restated in section 31307 of the revised title.