22 U.S.C. § 2211 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2211: Findings and policy
Findings and policy
Status: in_force

Congress finds and declares the following:

(1) Access to financial services and the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises are vital factors in the stable growth of developing countries, in the development of free, open, and equitable international economic systems, and in the economic empowerment of the poor, especially women.

(2) It is therefore in the best interest of the United States to facilitate access to financial services and assist the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries, particularly enterprises owned, managed, and controlled by women.

(3) Access to financial services and the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises can be supported by programs providing credit, savings, training, technical assistance, business development services, and other financial services.

(4) Given the relatively high percentage of populations living in rural areas of developing countries, and the combined high incidence of poverty in rural areas and growing income inequality between rural and urban markets, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise programs should target both rural and urban poor.

(5) Microenterprise programs have been successful and should continue and be expanded to empower vulnerable women in the developing world. The Agency should work to ensure that recipients of development assistance for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises under this subpart communicate and work with nongovernmental organizations and government organizations to identify and assist victims of trafficking as provided for in section 7104(a)(1) of this title and women who are victims of or susceptible to other forms of exploitation and violence.

(6) Given that microenterprise programs have had some success in empowering disenfranchised groups such as women, development assistance for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises should also target populations disenfranchised due to race or ethnicity in countries where a strong relationship between poverty and race or ethnicity has been demonstrated.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §251, as added Pub. L. 108–484, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3923; amended Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a), Jan. 9, 2019, 132 Stat. 5512.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2211, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §251, as added Pub. L. 87–565, pt. I, §106, Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 257; amended Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, §106(a), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, §105(a), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 799; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, §106(a), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 451, related to assistance in order to promote the economic development of countries and areas in Latin America, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §102(g)(1)(A), title VI, §605, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 942, 961, effective Oct. 1, 1978.

Amendments

2019—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a)(1), substituted "micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises" for "microenterprise" and ", in the development" for "and in the development" and inserted ", and in the economic empowerment of the poor, especially women" before period at end.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a)(2), substituted "micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises" for "microenterprise" and inserted ", particularly enterprises owned, managed, and controlled by women" before period at end.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a)(3), substituted "micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises" for "microenterprises".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a)(4), substituted "micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise" for "microenterprise".

Par. (5). Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a)(5), substituted "should continue and be expanded" for "should continue" and "development assistance for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises" for "microenterprise and microfinance development assistance".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 115–428, §4(a)(6), substituted "have had some success" for "have been successful" and "development assistance for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises should" for "microenterprise programs should" and struck out ", such as countries in Latin America" after "demonstrated".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Findings and Policy

Pub. L. 108–484, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3922, provided that: "Congress finds and declares the following:

"(1) Congress has demonstrated its support for microenterprise development assistance programs through the enactment of two comprehensive microenterprise laws:

"(A) The Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act of 2000 (title I of Public Law 106–309; 114 Stat. 1082) [see Short Title of 2000 Amendments note set out under section 2151 of this title].

"(B) Public Law 108–31 [see Tables for classification] (an Act entitled 'An Act to amend the Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act of 2000 and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to increase assistance for the poorest people in developing countries under microenterprise assistance program under those Acts, and for other purposes', approved June 17, 2003).

"(2) The report on the effectiveness of the United States Agency for International Development's microfinance program, prepared by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, rated the Agency in the top tier of the 17 donors in this field.

"(3) The Comptroller General, in a report dated November 2003, found that the United States Agency for International Development has met some, but not all, of the key objectives of such microenterprise development assistance programs.

"(4) The Comptroller General's report found, among other things, the following:

"(A) Microenterprise development assistance generally can help alleviate some impacts of poverty, improve income levels and quality of life for borrowers and provide poor individuals, workers, and their families with an important coping mechanism.

"(B) Microenterprise development assistance programs of the United States Agency for International Development have encouraged women's participation in microfinance projects and, according to data of the Agency, women have comprised two-thirds or more of the micro-loan clients in Agency-funded microenterprise projects since 1997.

"(5)(A) The Comptroller General's report recommends that the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development review the Agency's 'microenterprise results reporting' system with the goal of ensuring that its annual reporting is complete and accurate.

"(B) Specifically, the Administrator should review and reconsider the methodologies used for the collection, analysis, and reporting of data on annual spending targets, outreach to the very poor, sustainability of microfinance institutions, and the contribution of Agency's funding to the institutions it supports."

Sense of Congress

Pub. L. 108–484, §7, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3930, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that, in carrying out title VI of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2211 et seq.] (as added by section 3 of this Act and amended by sections 4 through 6 of this Act), the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development—

"(1) where applicable, should ensure that microenterprise development assistance provided under such title is matched by recipients with an equal amount of assistance from non-United States Government sources, including private donations, multilateral funding, commercial and concessional borrowing, savings, and program income;

"(2) should include in the report required by section 258 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2214] (as added by section 6 of this Act) a description of all matching assistance (as described in paragraph (1)) provided for the prior year by recipients of microenterprise development assistance under such title;

"(3) should ensure that recipients of microenterprise development assistance under such title do not expend an unreasonably large percentage of such assistance on administrative costs;

"(4) should not use recipients of microenterprise development assistance under such title to carry out critical management functions of the Agency, including functions such as strategy development or overall management of programs in a country; and

"(5) should consult with the appropriate congressional committees with respect to the implementation of title VI of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2004]."

References

Pub. L. 108–484, §9, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3931, provided that: "Any reference in a law, regulation, agreement, or other document of the United States to section 108, 131, or 132 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [former 22 U.S.C. 2151f, 2152a, 2152b] shall be deemed to be a reference to subtitle B of title VI of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [division B of this subpart], subtitle A of title VI of chapter 2 of part I of such Act [this division], or subtitle C of title VI of chapter 2 of part I of such Act [division C of this subpart], respectively."
22 U.S.C. § 4223 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XIV: POWERS, DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OF CONSULAR OFFICERS GENERALLY / Section 4223: General duty to account for fees
General duty to account for fees
Status: in_force

All fees, official or unofficial, received by any officer in the Consular Service for services rendered in connection with the duties of his office or as a consular officer, including fees for notarial services, and fees for taking depositions, executing commissions or letters rogatory, settling estates, receiving or paying out moneys, caring for or disposing of property, shall be accounted for and paid into the Treasury of the United States, and the sole and only compensation of such officers shall be by salaries fixed by law. And vice-consuls, in addition to such compensation as they may be entitled to receive as consuls or clerks, may receive such portion of the salaries of the consul-general or consuls for whom they act as shall be provided by regulation.

(Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §8, 34 Stat. 101; Feb. 5, 1915, ch. 23, §§3, 6, 38 Stat. 805, 806; May 24, 1924, ch. 182, §11, 43 Stat. 142; Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(26), 60 Stat. 1037.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Compensation provisions pertaining to the positions of vice-consuls-general, deputy consuls-general, and deputy consuls were omitted from this section on the authority of act Feb. 5, 1915.

Section was not enacted as a part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 99 of this title.

Amendments

1946—Act Aug. 13, 1946, struck out "but this shall not apply to consular agents, who shall be paid one-half of the fees received in their offices, up to a maximum sum of one thousand dollars in any one year, the other half being accounted for and paid into the Treasury of the United States."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1946 Amendment

Amendment by act Aug. 13, 1946, effective three months after Aug. 13, 1946.

Repeals

Act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(26), 60 Stat. 1037, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159.
22 U.S.C. § 6210 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 71: UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING / Section 6210: Preservation of American jobs
Preservation of American jobs
Status: in_force

It is the sense of the Congress that the Director of the United States Information Agency and the Chairman of the Board for International Broadcasting should, in developing the plan for consolidation and reorganization of overseas international broadcasting services, limit, to the maximum extent feasible, consistent with the purposes of the consolidation, elimination of any United States-based positions and should affirmatively seek to transfer as many positions as possible to the United States.

(Pub. L. 103–236, title III, §311, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 444.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 5507 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 64: UNITED STATES RESPONSE TO TERRORISM AFFECTING AMERICANS ABROAD / Section 5507: Recovery and disposition of remains and personal effects
Recovery and disposition of remains and personal effects
Status: in_force

It is the policy of the Department of State (pursuant to section 2715 of this title) to provide liaison with foreign governments and persons and with United States air carriers concerning arrangements for the preparation and transport to the United States of the remains of citizens who die abroad, as well as the disposition of personal effects. The Secretary of State shall ensure that regulations and guidelines of the Department of State reflect such policy and that such assistance is rendered to the families of United States citizens who are killed in terrorist incidents and disasters abroad.

(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, §208, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3085.)
22 U.S.C. § 53 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 1: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE GENERALLY / Section 53: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, R.S. §1689, which related to various provisions applicable to particular classes of consular officers, was transferred to section 4191 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 9802 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 105: GLOBAL FRAGILITY / Section 9802: Statement of policy
Statement of policy
Status: in_force

It is the policy of the United States to seek to stabilize conflict-affected areas and prevent violence and fragility globally, including by—

(1) ensuring that all relevant Federal departments and agencies coordinate to achieve coherent, long-term goals for programs designed to carry out such policy;

(2) seeking to improve global, regional, and local coordination of relevant international and multilateral development and donor organizations regarding efforts to carry out such policy; and

(3) enhancing the effectiveness of United States foreign assistance programs and activities to carry out such policy, including by improving assessment, monitoring, and evaluation conducted by the relevant Federal departments and agencies.

(Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title V, §503, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3060.)
22 U.S.C. § 876 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 14: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IV: PERSONNEL CATEGORIES AND SALARIES / Section 876: Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159
Status: repealed

Section 876, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §421, 60 Stat. 1004, related to salaries of chargés d'affaires ad interim.

Section 877, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, §422, 60 Stat. 1004, related to salaries of officers in charge of consulate general or consulates.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 132 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 1: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE GENERALLY / Section 132: Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(18), 60 Stat. 1036
Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(18), 60 Stat. 1036
Status: repealed

Section, R.S. §1752, related to general regulations by President.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective three months after Aug. 13, 1946, see act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1141, 60 Stat. 1040.
22 U.S.C. § 10502 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 112: COMBATING GLOBAL CORRUPTION / Section 10502: Publication and provision of lists regarding progress on anti-corruption efforts
Publication and provision of lists regarding progress on anti-corruption efforts
Status: in_force

(a) Public list

The Secretary of State shall publish annually, on a publicly accessible website, a list of foreign countries where the government is sustaining or making good progress on anti-corruption efforts in accordance with the minimum standards set forth in section 10503 of this title. Such list shall include a brief description of each such country's progress or justification for being on such list.

(b) Classified list

The Secretary of State shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees a classified list of countries where the government is making limited or no efforts to comply with minimum standards set forth in section 10503 of this title, and are not achieving meaningful progress on combating corruption. Such list shall include a brief description of each country's lack of progress or justification for being on such list.

(c) Annual update

The Secretary of State shall provide an annual update in a classified setting to the appropriate congressional committees on the United States Government's efforts to fight against corruption. This update should include an overview of the key obstacles to combating corruption and present near-term and long-term strategies.

(d) Implementation and timing

(1) Deadline

The publication and submission of the lists and the annual update required by subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall be completed not later than 2 years after December 22, 2023, and annually thereafter for seven years.

(2) Report on methodology

Not later than one year after December 22, 2023, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the methodology developed to assign countries to either the public list or the classified list and a proposed budget for preparing the first set of lists during the subsequent year.

(e) Exception to publication

The Secretary may, in specific instances where the Secretary determines the inclusion of specific countries on the public list required by subsection (a) would not be in the national interests of the United States, submit the information required by subsection (a) about such specific countries in a classified manner in writing to the appropriate congressional committees, together with a justification for why publication would not be in the national interest. The justification, if applicable, shall be submitted the same date as the public list required by subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 118–31, div. E, title LIV, §5403, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 944.)
22 U.S.C. § 3401 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 49: SUPPORT OF PEACE TREATY BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL / Subchapter I: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT / Section 3401: Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Policy of support for peace treaty

It is the policy of the United States to support the peace treaty concluded between the Government of Egypt and the Government of Israel on March 26, 1979. This treaty is a significant step toward a full and comprehensive peace in the Middle East. The Congress urges the President to continue to exert every effort to bring about a comprehensive peace and to seek an end by all parties to the violence which could jeopardize this peace.

(b) Findings

The peace treaty between Egypt and Israel having been ratified, the Congress finds that the national interests of the United States are served—

(1) by authorizing the President to construct air bases in Israel to replace the Israeli air bases on the Sinai peninsula that are to be evacuated;

(2) by authorizing additional funds to finance procurements by Egypt and Israel through the fiscal year 1982 of defense articles and defense services for their respective security requirements; and

(3) by authorizing additional funds for economic assistance for Egypt in order to promote the economic stability and development of that country and to support the peace process in the Middle East.

(c) Other agreements, understandings, or commitments

The authorities contained in this subchapter to implement certain arrangements in support of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel do not signify approval by the Congress of any other agreement, understanding, or commitment made by the executive branch.

(Pub. L. 96–35, §2, July 20, 1979, 93 Stat. 89.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (c), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 96–35, July 20, 1979, 93 Stat. 89, known as the Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979, which enacted this subchapter and sections 2349, 2349a, and 2349b of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 96–35, §1, July 20, 1979, 93 Stat. 89, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter and sections 2349, 2349a, and 2349b of this title] may be cited as the 'Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979'."

Pub. L. 97–132, §1, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1693, provided that: "This joint resolution [enacting subchapter II of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Multinational Force and Observers Participation Resolution'."

Peace in the Middle East

Pub. L. 96–533, title VII, §711, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3160, provided:

"(a) It is the sense of the Congress that all parties to the Arab-Israeli conflict need to reaffirm their unequivocal commitment to the peace process in order to achieve further progress toward a comprehensive settlement, to reinforce the principles of the Camp David accords, and to take actions to encourage parties not currently involved in the peace process to become active participants in peace efforts.

"(b) It is further the sense of the Congress that to further these goals (1) all parties to the conflict should accept Israel's unequivocal right to exist within secure and recognized borders; (2) the Governments of Israel and Egypt should maintain and strengthen their commitment to the process of normalization of relations and continue actions to support that commitment; (3) the Governments of Israel and Egypt should reaffirm their commitment to United Nations Resolution 242 and its applicability, in all its aspects, to territories under negotiations; and (4) the governments of countries in the Middle East should assure that their policies and actions are consistent with the objectives of achieving peace and of involving other parties in the peace process."

Egyptian-Israeli Cultural, Scientific, and Economic Relations

Pub. L. 96–60, title IV, §403, Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 403, provided that: "It is the sense of the Congress that it should be the policy of the United States to promote and encourage cultural, scientific, and economic relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel."
22 U.S.C. § 2452b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 33: MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM / Section 2452b: International expositions
International expositions
Status: in_force

(a) Limitation

Except as provided in subsection (b) and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Department of State may not obligate or expend any funds appropriated to the Department of State for a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at any international exposition or world's fair registered by the Bureau of International Expositions in excess of amounts expressly authorized and appropriated for such purpose.

(b) Exceptions

(1) In general

The Department of State is authorized to utilize its personnel and resources to carry out the responsibilities of the Department for the following:

(A) Administrative services, including legal and other advice and contract administration, under section 2452(a)(3) of this title related to United States participation in international fairs and expositions abroad. Such administrative services may not include capital expenses, operating expenses, or travel or related expenses (other than such expenses as are associated with the provision of administrative services by employees of the Department of State).

(B) Activities under section 2455(f) of this title with respect to encouraging foreign governments, international organizations, and private individuals, firms, associations, agencies and other groups to participate in international fairs and expositions and to make contributions to be utilized for United States participation in international fairs and expositions.

(C) Encouraging private support of United States pavilions and exhibits at international fairs and expositions, except that no employees of the Department of State may, in their official capacity, solicit funds to pay expenses for a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at any international exposition or world's fair registered by the Bureau of International Expositions.

(2) Statutory construction

Nothing in this subsection authorizes the use of funds appropriated to the Department of State to make payments for—

(A) contracts, grants, or other agreements with any other party to carry out the activities described in this subsection; or

(B) the satisfaction of any legal claim or judgment or the costs of litigation brought against the Department of State arising from activities described in this subsection.

(c) Notification

No funds made available to the Department of State by any Federal agency to be used for a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at any international exposition or world's fair registered by the Bureau of International Expositions may be obligated or expended unless the appropriate congressional committees are notified not less than 15 days prior to such obligation or expenditure.

(d) Reports

The Commissioner General of a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at any international exposition or world's fair registered by the Bureau of International Expositions shall submit to the Secretary of State and the appropriate congressional committees a report concerning activities relating to such pavilion or exhibit every 180 days while serving as Commissioner General and shall submit a final report summarizing all such activities not later than 1 year after the closure of the pavilion or exhibit.

(Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §204], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–420; Pub. L. 115–32, §5(b), May 8, 2017, 131 Stat. 844.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is comprised of section 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §204] of div. B of Pub. L. 106–113. Subsec. (e) of section 204 of title II of section 1000(a)(7) of Pub. L. 106–113 repealed section 230 of Pub. L. 103–236 which was classified as a note under section 2452 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg Donovan Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001, and not as part of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 115–32 inserted before period at end ", except that no employees of the Department of State may, in their official capacity, solicit funds to pay expenses for a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at any international exposition or world's fair registered by the Bureau of International Expositions".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

In subsecs. (c) and (d), "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on International Relations (now Committee on Foreign Affairs) of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, see section 1000(a)(7) [§3(1)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.

United States Competition for a World Expo

Pub. L. 115–32, May 8, 2017, 131 Stat. 843, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This Act may be cited as the 'U.S. Wants to Compete for a World Expo Act'.

"SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

"Congress finds the following:

"(1) The Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) is the organization responsible for governing World Fairs and International Expositions.

"(2) Section 1(a) of Public Law 91–269 (22 U.S.C. 2801(a)) found that 'international expositions . . . have a significant impact on the economic growth of the region surrounding the exposition and . . . are important instruments of national policy'.

"(3) The United States has not been an active member of the BIE since 2001.

"(4) State and local governments and private entities in the United States have continued to participate in international expositions held in foreign countries as a means of promoting United States exports and creating jobs, but face significantly higher costs for such participation because the United States is not an active member.

"(5) State and local governments and private entities in the United States have expressed interest in an international exposition being hosted in the United States, but the bid of a United States city, region, or State to host an international exposition is unlikely to be successful if the United States is not a member of the BIE.

"SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

"It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) the United States should rejoin the BIE immediately to promote domestic job creation, global branding, and tourism to the United States; and

"(2) the Secretary of State, in partnership with the Secretary of Commerce, State and local governments, and private and non-profit entities, should take all necessary steps to facilitate the timely submission of a request to rejoin the BIE.

"SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary of State is authorized to take such actions as the Secretary determines necessary for the United States to rejoin and maintain membership in the BIE.

"(b) Authorization To Accept Private Contributions.—In addition to funds otherwise available to the Secretary to carry out this section, the Secretary is authorized to accept contributions for such purpose.

"(c) Notification.—The Secretary of State shall notify the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Foreign Relations and Appropriations of the Senate upon taking any action under subsection (a).

"SEC. 5. CONTINUATION OF PROHIBITION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS FOR WORLD'S FAIR PAVILIONS AND EXHIBITS.

"(a) Continuation of Prohibition.—Nothing in this Act may be construed to authorize any obligation or expenditure prohibited by section 204 of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg Donovan Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001 (22 U.S.C. 2452b) (relating to limitations on the obligation or expenditure of funds by the Department of State for a United States pavilion or exhibit at an international exposition or world's fair registered by the BIE).

"(b) Prohibition on Solicitation of Funds.—[Amended this section.]"
22 U.S.C. § 2084 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 29A: INTER-AMERICAN CULTURAL AND TRADE CENTER / Section 2084: Cooperation of other Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities
Cooperation of other Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities
Status: in_force

The head of each department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government is authorized—

(1) to cooperate with the head of the designated department or agency with respect to determining the manner in which and the extent to which the United States shall be a participant in and an exhibitor at Interama; and

(2) to make available to the head of the designated department or agency, on a reimbursable basis, such personnel as may be necessary to assist him in carrying out his functions under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–355, §4, Feb. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 6.)
22 U.S.C. § 1476 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter VIII: APPROPRIATIONS AND OTHER FUNDS / Section 1476: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1336(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-790
Status: repealed

Section, acts Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title VII, §701, 62 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 92–226, pt. IV, §407(d), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 35; Pub. L. 92–352, title II, §203, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 93–168, §3, Nov. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 688; Pub. L. 93–475, §6, Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1440; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §§5, 7(a)(1), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1636, 1637; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 102–499, §2, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3264; Pub. L. 103–415, §1(q), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4301; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIV, §2419, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–835, limited appropriations to carry out chapter to amounts previously authorized and prohibited appropriations in excess of such amounts.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6942 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 77: UNITED STATES-CHINA RELATIONS / Subchapter III: MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA'S WTO COMMITMENTS / Section 6942: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this part is to authorize additional resources for the agencies and departments engaged in monitoring and enforcement of United States trade agreements and trade laws with respect to the People's Republic of China.

(Pub. L. 106–286, div. B, title IV, §412, Oct. 10, 2000, 114 Stat. 901.)
22 U.S.C. § 3622 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3622: Code of conduct for Commission personnel
Code of conduct for Commission personnel
Status: in_force

(a) Oath; compliance with laws of United States regarding duties and responsibilities of Federal employees

Before assuming the duties of his office or employment, each member of the Board of the Commission and each officer and employee of the Commission shall take an oath to discharge faithfully the duties of his office or employment. All employees of the Commission shall be subject to the laws of the United States regarding duties and responsibilities of Federal employees.

(b) Adoption of code of conduct; time limit; contents

Not later than 60 days after all the members of the Board of the Commission have been appointed, the Board shall adopt a code of conduct applicable to the persons referred to in subsection (a) of this section. The code of conduct shall contain provisions substantially equivalent to those contained in part 735 of title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations on October 1, 1979. The code of conduct shall, at a minimum, contain provisions substantially equivalent to the following provisions of law:

(1) the provisions of chapter 11 of title 18, relating to bribery, graft, or conflicts of interest, as appropriate to the employees concerned;

(2) section 7352 of title 5;

(3) sections 207, 208, 285, 508, 641, 645, 1001, 1917, and 2071 of title 18;

(4) section 1343, 1344, and 1349(b) of title 31;

(5) chapter 131 of title 5; and

(6) those provisions of the laws and regulations of the Republic of Panama which are substantially equivalent to those of the United States set forth in this subsection.

(c) Investigations by Commission respecting violations; recommendations for suspension

The Commission shall investigate any allegations regarding the violation of the code of conduct adopted pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. The Commission may recommend that the President suspend from the performance of his duties any member of the Board of the Commission or any officer or employee of the Commission, pending judicial proceedings by appropriate authorities concerning such allegations.

(d) Measures to insure compliance with code of conduct

The President shall negotiate suitable arrangements with the Republic of Panama whereby each nation shall agree to take all measures within its legal authority to assure that members of the Board of the Commission comply with the code of conduct established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. Without prejudice to such jurisdiction as the United States may have with respect to members of the Board, the provisions of law enumerated in subsection (b) of this section shall be enforced with respect to members of the Board only in accordance with such arrangements.

(e) Waiver of post-employment restrictions

(1) Section 207 of title 18 does not apply to a covered individual with respect to acts done in carrying out official duties as an officer or employee of the Panama Canal Authority.

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), a covered individual is an officer or employee of the Panama Canal Authority who was an officer or employee of the Commission (other than the Administrator) and whose employment with the Commission terminated at noon on the Canal Transfer Date.

(3) This subsection is effective as of the Canal Transfer Date.

(f) Consent for acceptance of employment by Panama Canal Authority

(1) The Congress consents to the following persons accepting civil employment (and compensation for that employment) with the Panama Canal Authority for which the consent of the Congress is required by the last paragraph of section 9 of article I of the Constitution of the United States, relating to acceptance of emoluments, offices, or titles from a foreign government:

(A) Retired members of the uniformed services.

(B) Members of a reserve component of the armed forces.

(C) Members of the Commissioned Reserve Corps 1 of the Public Health Service.

(2) The consent of the Congress under paragraph (1) is effective without regard to subsection (b) of section 908 of title 37 (relating to approval required for employment of Reserve and retired members by foreign governments).

(Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1112, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §§3522, 3550(d)(2)(A), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2064, 2074; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(31), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4358.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (b)(4), "sections 1343, 1344, and 1349(b) of title 31" substituted for "section 5 of the Act of July 16, 1914 (31 U.S.C. 638a), as amended" on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 131 of title 5;" for "the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 1824), as amended;".

1997—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–85, §3550(d)(2)(A), substituted "October 1, 1979" for "the effective date of this Act".

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 105–85, §3522, added subsecs. (e) and (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Reference to Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service deemed to be a reference to the Ready Reserve Corps, see section 204(c)(3) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions vested in President by subsec. (d) of this section delegated to Secretary of State, see section 1–402 of Ex. Ord. No. 12215, May 27, 1980, 45 F.R. 36044, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title.

1 See Change of Name note below.
22 U.S.C. § 3974 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter IV: COMPENSATION / Section 3974: Border equalization pay adjustment
Border equalization pay adjustment
Status: in_force

(a) In general

An employee who regularly commutes from the employee's place of residence in the continental United States to an official duty station in Canada or Mexico shall receive a border equalization pay adjustment equal to the amount of comparability payments under section 5304 of title 5 that the employee would receive if the employee were assigned to an official duty station within the United States locality pay area closest to the employee's official duty station.

(b) Employee defined

For purposes of this section, the term "employee" means a person who—

(1) is an "employee" as defined under section 2105 of title 5; and

(2) is employed by the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, or the International Joint Commission of the United States and Canada (established under Article VII of the treaty signed January 11, 1909) (36 Stat. 2448), except that the term shall not include members of the Service (as specified in section 3903 of this title).

(c) Treatment as basic pay

An equalization pay adjustment paid under this section shall be considered to be part of basic pay for the same purposes for which comparability payments are considered to be part of basic pay under section 5304 of title 5.

(d) Regulations

The heads of the agencies referred to in subsection (b)(2) may prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §414, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §333(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–439.)
22 U.S.C. § 5411 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 63: SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) / Subchapter I: STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Section 5411: Multilateral support for structural adjustment in Poland and Hungary
Multilateral support for structural adjustment in Poland and Hungary
Status: in_force

(a) Multilateral assistance for Poland and Hungary

(1) In general

To the extent that Poland and Hungary continue to evolve toward pluralism and democracy and to develop and implement comprehensive economic reform programs, the United States Government shall take the leadership in mobilizing international financial institutions, in particular the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its affiliated institutions in the World Bank group, to provide timely and appropriate resources to help Poland and Hungary.

(2) World Bank structural adjustment loan for Poland

In furtherance of paragraph (1), the Secretary of the Treasury shall direct the United States Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to urge expeditious approval and disbursement by the Bank of a structural adjustment loan to Poland in an appropriate amount in time to facilitate the implementation of major economic reforms scheduled for early 1990, including the termination of energy, export, and agricultural subsidies and wage indexation.

(b) Stabilization assistance, debt relief, and agricultural assistance for Poland

To the extent that Poland continues to evolve toward pluralism and democracy and to develop and implement comprehensive economic reform programs, the United States Government shall do the following:

(1) Stabilization assistance

The United States Government, in conjunction with other member governments of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and international financial institutions (including the International Monetary Fund), shall support the implementation of a plan of the Government of Poland to attack hyperinflation and other structural economic problems, address pressing social problems, carry out comprehensive economic reform, and relieve immediate and urgent balance of payments requirements in Poland, through the use of mechanisms such as—

(A) the Exchange Stabilization Fund pursuant to section 5302 of title 31 and in accordance with established Department of the Treasury policies and procedures; and

(B) the authority provided in section 5412(c) of this title.

(2) Debt relief

The United States Government—

(A) shall urge all members of the "Paris Club" of creditor governments and other creditor governments to adopt, and participate in, a generous and early rescheduling program for debts owed by the Government of Poland; and

(B) in coordination with other creditor governments, shall seek to expedite consultations between the Government of Poland and its major private creditors in order to facilitate a rescheduling and reduction of payments due on debt owed to such creditors in a manner consistent with the international debt policy announced by the Secretary of the Treasury on March 10, 1989.

(3) Agricultural assistance

The United States Government shall provide agricultural assistance for Poland in accordance with section 5413 of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–179, title I, §101, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1302.)
22 U.S.C. § 2713 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2713: Protection of historic and artistic furnishings of reception areas of the Harry S Truman Federal Building
Protection of historic and artistic furnishings of reception areas of the Harry S Truman Federal Building
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of State shall administer the historic and artistic articles of furniture, fixtures, and decorative objects of the reception areas of the Department of State by such means and measures as conform to the purposes of the reception areas, which include conserving those articles, fixtures, and objects and providing for their enjoyment in such manner and by such means as will leave them for the use of the American people. Nothing shall be done under this subsection which conflicts with the administration of the Department of State or with the use of the reception areas for official purposes of the United States Government.

(b) Disposition of historic and artistic items

(1) Items covered

Articles of furniture, fixtures, and decorative objects of the reception areas (and similar articles, fixtures, and objects acquired by the Secretary of State), when declared by the Secretary of State to be of historic or artistic interest, shall thereafter be considered to be the property of the Secretary in his or her official capacity and shall be subject to disposition solely in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Sale or trade

Whenever the Secretary of State determines that—

(A) any item covered by paragraph (1) is no longer needed for use or display in the reception areas, or

(B) in order to upgrade the reception areas, a better use of that article would be its sale or exchange,

the Secretary may, with the advice and concurrence of the Director of the National Gallery of Art, sell the item at fair market value or trade it, without regard to the requirements of chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41. The proceeds of any such sale may be credited to the unconditional gift account of the Department of State, and items obtained in trade shall be the property of the Secretary of State under this subsection.

(3) Smithsonian Institution

The Secretary of State may also lend items covered by paragraph (1), when not needed for use or display in the reception areas, to the Smithsonian Institution or a similar institution for care, repair, study, storage, or exhibition.

(c) "Reception areas" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "reception areas" means the areas of the Harry S Truman Federal Building, located at 2201 C Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, known as the Diplomatic Reception Rooms (eighth floor), the Secretary of State's offices (seventh floor), the Deputy Secretary of State's offices (seventh floor), and the seventh floor reception area.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §41, as added Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §126(a)(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1341; amended Pub. L. 106–218, §2, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 345.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (b)(2), "chapters 1 to 11 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41" substituted for "the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 41 of act Aug. 1, 1956, was renumbered section 42 by section 126(a)(1) of Pub. L. 100–204, and subsequently renumbered, and set out as a Short Title of 1956 Amendment note under section 2651 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §111(1), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 654.

Amendments

2000—Pub. L. 106–218 substituted "Harry S Truman Federal Building" for "Department of State Building" in section catchline and in subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Diplomatic Reception Areas

Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCVII, §9713, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3920, provided that:

"(a) Defined Term.—In this section, the term 'reception areas' has the meaning given such term in section 41(c) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2713(c)).

"(b) In General.—The Secretary [of State] may sell goods and services at fair market value and use the proceeds of such sales for administration and related support of the reception areas.

"(c) Amounts Collected.—Amounts collected pursuant to the authority provided under subsection (b) may be deposited into an account in the Treasury, to remain available until expended."

Designation of Department of State Building as Harry S Truman Federal Building

Pub. L. 106–218, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 345, provided that:

"SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.

"The Federal building located at 2201 C Street, Northwest, in the District of Columbia, currently headquarters for the Department of State, shall be known and designated as the 'Harry S Truman Federal Building'.

"SEC. 2. REFERENCES.

"Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, or other record of the United States to the Federal building referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a reference to the 'Harry S Truman Federal Building'."
22 U.S.C. § 3792 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 51: PANAMA CANAL / Subchapter I: ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS / Section 3792: Bases of tolls
Bases of tolls
Status: in_force

(a) Tolls based on net vessel tons and on displacement tonnage

Tolls on merchant vessels, army and navy transports, colliers, tankers, hospital ships, and supply ships shall be based on net vessel tons of one hundred cubic feet each of actual earning capacity, or its equivalent, determined in accordance with the rules for the measurement of vessels for the Panama Canal, and tolls on other floating craft shall be based on displacement tonnage. The tolls on vessels in ballast without passengers or cargo may be less than the tolls for vessels with passengers or cargo. Tolls for small vessels (including yachts), as defined by the Commission, may be set at rates determined by the Commission without regard to the preceding provisions of this subsection.

(b) Toll rates prescribed to cover all costs of operation and maintenance of Panama Canal

Tolls shall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues to cover as nearly as practicable all costs of maintaining and operating the Panama Canal (including costs authorized to be paid from the Panama Canal Dissolution Fund under section 3714a(c) of this title), together with the facilities and appurtenances related thereto, including unrecovered costs incurred on or after October 1, 1979, interest, depreciation, working capital, payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and capital for plant replacement, expansion, and improvements. Tolls shall not be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues sufficient to cover payments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977.

(c) Payment of tolls by vessels of United States

Vessels operated by the United States, including vessels of war and auxiliary vessels, and ocean-going training ships owned by the United States and operated by State nautical schools, shall pay tolls.

(d) Levy of tolls

The levy of tolls is subject to the provisions of section 1 of Article III of the treaty between the United States of America and Great Britain signed November 18, 1901, of Article I of the treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Colombia signed April 6, 1914, and of Articles II, III, and VI of the Treaty Concerning Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal, between the United States of America and the Republic of Panama, signed September 7, 1977.

(Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1602, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 100–203, title V, §5427, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–274; Pub. L. 102–484, div. C, title XXXV, §§3513, 3521(b)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2655, 2657; Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3544, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2072.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1997—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "and supply ships" for "supply ships, and yachts" and inserted at end "Tolls for small vessels (including yachts), as defined by the Commission, may be set at rates determined by the Commission without regard to the preceding provisions of this subsection."

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–484, §3513, inserted ", or its equivalent," after "earning capacity".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–484, §3521(b)(2), substituted "Panama Canal (including costs authorized to be paid from the Panama Canal Dissolution Fund under section 3714a(c) of this title)" for "Panama Canal".

1987—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–203 inserted "working capital," after "depreciation,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–203 effective Jan. 1, 1988, see section 5429 of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 3712 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 9424 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 101A: FIGHT AND COMBAT RAMPANT IRANIAN MISSILE EXPORTS / Section 9424: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees

The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

(2) Foreign person

The term "foreign person"—

(A) means an individual or entity that is not a United States person; and

(B) includes a foreign state (as such term is defined in section 1603 of title 28).

(3) Government of Iran

The term "Government of Iran" has the meaning given such term in section 560.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as such section was in effect on January 1, 2021.

(4) United States person

The terms "United States person" means—

(A) a United States citizen;

(B) a permanent resident alien of the United States;

(C) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or

(D) a person in the United States.

(5) Iran-aligned entity

The term "Iran-aligned entity" means a foreign person that—

(A) is controlled or significantly influenced by the Government of Iran; and

(B) knowingly receives material or financial support from the Government of Iran, including Hezbollah, the Houthis, or any other proxy group that furthers Iran's national security objectives.

(6) Covered technology

The term "covered technology" means—

(A) any goods, technology, software, or related material specified in the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex, as in effect on the day before April 24, 2024; and

(B) any additional goods, technology, software, or related material added to the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex after the day before April 24, 2024.

(7) Family member

The term "family member" means—

(A) a child, grandchild, parent, grandparent, sibling, or spouse; and

(B) any spouse, widow, or widower of an individual described in subparagraph (A).

(8) Knowingly

The term "knowingly" has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note).

(9) Missile Technology Control Regime

The term "Missile Technology Control Regime" means the policy statement, between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Canada, and Japan, announced on April 16, 1987, to restrict sensitive missile-relevant transfers based on the Missile Technology Control Regime Annex, and any amendments thereto or expansions thereof, as in effect on the day before April 24, 2024.

(10) Missile Technology Control Regime Annex

The term "Missile Technology Control Regime Annex" means the Guidelines and Equipment and Technology Annex of the Missile Technology Control Regime, and any amendments thereto or updates thereof, as in effect on the day before April 24, 2024.

(Pub. L. 118–50, div. K, §7, Apr. 24, 2024, 138 Stat. 975.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, referred to in par. (8), is Pub. L. 104–172, Aug. 5, 1996, 110 Stat. 1541, which is set out as a note under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense.
22 U.S.C. § 294b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 8: FOREIGN SERVICE BUILDINGS / Section 294b: Support co-location with allied partner nations
Support co-location with allied partner nations
Status: in_force

The Secretary, following consultation which occurs a reasonable time in advance of the exercise of the authority and includes details on costs and purposes with the appropriate congressional committees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives may alter, repair, and furnish United States Government-owned and leased space for use by the government of a foreign country to facilitate co-location of such government in such space, on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine, including with respect to reimbursement of all or part of the costs of such alteration, repair, or furnishing. Reimbursements or advances of funds pursuant to this section may be credited to the currently applicable appropriation and shall be available for the purposes for which such appropriation is authorized.

(Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXII, §7213, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2535.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of "Secretary" and "appropriate congressional committees" as used in this section, see section 7002 of Pub. L. 118–159, set out as a note under section 2651 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6461 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter III: PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS / Section 6461: Exports of certain items used in particularly severe violations of religious freedom
Exports of certain items used in particularly severe violations of religious freedom
Status: in_force

(a) Mandatory licensing

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Commerce, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall include on the list of crime control and detection instruments or equipment controlled for export and reexport under section 4605(n) 1 of title 50 or under any other provision of law, items being exported or reexported to countries of particular concern for religious freedom that the Secretary of Commerce, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, and in consultation with appropriate officials including the Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor and the Ambassador at Large, determines are being used or are intended for use directly and in significant measure to carry out particularly severe violations of religious freedom.

(b) Licensing ban

The prohibition on the issuance of a license for export of crime control and detection instruments or equipment under section 2304(a)(2) of this title shall apply to the export and reexport of any item included pursuant to subsection (a) on the list of crime control instruments.

(Pub. L. 105–292, title IV, §423, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2810.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4605(n) of title 50, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 2274 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2274: Economic assistance coordination
Economic assistance coordination
Status: in_force

(a) Congressional findings

The Congress finds that participation by Central American countries in an effective forum for dialog on, and the continuous review and advancement of, Central America's political, economic, and social development would foster cooperation between the United States and Central American countries.

(b) Sense of Congress; Central American Development Organization; establishment, etc.

It is the sense of the Congress that—

(1) the President should enter into negotiations with the countries of Central America to establish a Central American Development Organization (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Organization") to help provide a continuous and coherent approach to the development of the Central American region; and

(2) the establishment of the Organization should be based upon the following principles:

(A) Participation in the Organization should be open to the United States, other donors, and those Central American countries that commit themselves to, among other things, respecting internationally recognized human rights, building democracy, and encouraging equitable economic growth through policy reforms.

(B) The Organization should be structured to include representatives from both the public and private sectors, including representatives from the labor, agriculture, and business communities.

(C) The Organization should meet periodically to carry out the functions described in subparagraphs (D) and (E) of this paragraph and should be supported by a limited professional secretariat.

(D) The Organization should make recommendations affecting Central American countries on such matters as—

(i) political, economic, and social development objectives, including the strengthening of democratic pluralism and the safeguarding of internationally recognized human rights;

(ii) mobilization of resources and external assistance needs; and

(iii) reform of economic policies and structures.

(E) The Organization should have the capacity for monitoring country performance on recommendations issued in accordance with subparagraph (D) of this paragraph and for evaluating progress toward meeting such country objectives.

(F) To the maximum extent practicable, the United States should follow the recommendations of the Organization in disbursing bilateral economic assistance for any Central American country. No more than 75 percent of such United States assistance in any fiscal year should be disbursed until the recommendations of the Organization for that fiscal year have been made final and communicated to the donor countries. The limitation on disbursements contained in the preceding sentence should apply only to recommendations made final and communicated to donor countries prior to the fourth quarter of such fiscal year. The United States representative to the Organization should urge other donor countries to similarly implement the recommendations of the Organization.

(G) The administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter, or his designee, should represent the United States Government in the Organization and should carry out his functions in that capacity under the continuous supervision and general direction of the Secretary of State.

(c) Participation of President in Organization

Subject to subsection (d)(2), the President is authorized to participate in the Organization.

(d) Preparation and transmission of proposal for implementation of provisions

(1) The administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter, under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of State, shall prepare a detailed proposal to carry out this section and shall keep the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate fully and currently informed concerning the development of this proposal.

(2) The President shall transmit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a copy of the text of any agreement, which he proposes to sign, that would provide for the establishment of and United States participation in the Organization no less than sixty days prior to his signature. During that sixty-day period there shall be full and formal consultations with and review by those committees in accordance with procedures applicable to reprogramming notifications pursuant to section 2394–1 of this title.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §464, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title VII, §701, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 235.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 464 of Pub. L. 87–195 is classified to section 2284 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2679 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2679: Maximum rates of per diem in lieu of subsistence payable to foreign participants in exchange of persons program or in program of furnishing technical information and assistance
Maximum rates of per diem in lieu of subsistence payable to foreign participants in exchange of persons program or in program of furnishing technical information and assistance
Status: in_force

The Secretary of State, with the approval of the Office of Management and Budget, shall prescribe the maximum rates of per diem in lieu of subsistence (or of similar allowances therefor) payable while away from their own countries to foreign participants in any exchange of persons program, or in any program of furnishing technical information and assistance, under the jurisdiction of any Government agency, and said rates may be fixed without regard to any provision of law in limitation thereof.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §12, 70 Stat. 892; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §102, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 97–241, title II, §202(a), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 282.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 170q of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by law (including reorganization plan) in Bureau of the Budget or Director of Bureau of the Budget transferred to President by section 101 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085. Section 102 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970 redesignated Bureau of the Budget as Office of Management and Budget and offices of Director, Deputy Director, and Assistant Directors of Bureau of the Budget as Director, Deputy Director, and Assistant Directors, respectively, of Office of Management and Budget. Section 103 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1970 transferred all records, property, personnel, and funds of Bureau to Office of Management and Budget. See Part I of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1970, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Delegation of Functions

Authority of Secretary of State under this section to prescribe certain maximum rates of per diem in lieu of subsistence (or of similar allowances therefor), without the approval, ratification, or other action of President, delegated to Secretary of State, see section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.
22 U.S.C. § 4131 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XI: GRIEVANCES / Section 4131: Definitions and applicability
Definitions and applicability
Status: in_force

(a)(1) Except as provided in subsection (b), for purposes of this subchapter, the term "grievance" means any act, omission, or condition subject to the control of the Secretary which is alleged to deprive a member of the Service who is a citizen of the United States (other than a United States citizen employed under section 3951 of this title who is not a family member) of a right or benefit authorized by law or regulation or which is otherwise a source of concern or dissatisfaction to the member, including—

(A) separation of the member allegedly contrary to laws or regulations, or predicated upon alleged inaccuracy, omission, error, or falsely prejudicial character of information in any part of the official personnel record of the member;

(B) other alleged violation, misinterpretation, or misapplication of applicable laws, regulations, or published policy affecting the terms and conditions of the employment or career status of the member;

(C) allegedly wrongful disciplinary action against the member;

(D) dissatisfaction with respect to the working environment of the member;

(E) alleged inaccuracy, omission, error, or falsely prejudicial character of information in the official personnel record of the member which is or could be prejudicial to the member;

(F) action alleged to be in the nature of reprisal or other interference with freedom of action in connection with participation by the member in procedures under this subchapter;

(G) alleged denial of an allowance, premium pay, or other financial benefit to which the member claims entitlement under applicable laws or regulations; and

(H) any discrimination prohibited by—

(i) section 2000e–16 of title 42,

(ii) section 206(d) of title 29,

(iii) section 791 of title 29,

(iv) sections 631 and 633a of title 29, or

(v) any rule, regulation, or policy directive prescribed under any provision of law described in clauses (i) through (iv).

(2) The scope of grievances described in paragraph (1) may be modified by written agreement between the Department and the labor organization accorded recognition as the exclusive representative under subchapter X (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the "exclusive representative").

(b) For purposes of this subchapter, the term "grievance" does not include—

(1) an individual assignment of a member under subchapter V, other than an assignment alleged to be contrary to law or regulation;

(2) the judgment of a selection board established under section 4002 of this title, a tenure board established under section 3946(b) of this title, or any other equivalent body established by laws or regulations which similarly evaluates the performance of members of the Service on a comparative basis;

(3) the expiration of a limited appointment, the termination of a limited appointment under section 4011 of this title, or the denial of a limited career extension or of a renewal of a limited career extension under section 4007(b) of this title; or

(4) any complaint or appeal where a specific statutory hearing procedure exists, except as provided in section 4139(a)(2) of this title.

Nothing in this subsection shall exclude any act, omission, or condition alleged to violate any law, rule, regulation, or policy directive referred to in subsection (a)(1)(H) from such term.

(c) This subchapter applies only with respect to the Department of State, Broadcasting 1 Board of Governors, the Agency for International Development, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Commerce.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1101, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2142; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §153(a), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §§180(a)(10), 181(a)(4)(A), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 416, 417; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(k)(4), title XIV, §1422(b)(4)(D), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–789, 2681–793.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1422(b)(4)(D), substituted "Agency for International Development" for "United States International Development Cooperation Agency".

Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(k)(4), substituted "Broadcasting Board of Governors," for "the United States Information Agency,".

1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–236, §180(a)(10), inserted "(other than a United States citizen employed under section 3951 of this title who is not a family member)" after "citizen of the United States" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 103–236, §181(a)(4), made technical amendment to reference to section 4011 of this title to reflect renumbering of corresponding section of original act.

1991—Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 102–138, §153(a)(1), added subpar. (H).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–138, §153(a)(2), in par. (4), substituted "section 4139(a)(2)" for "section 4139(b)" and inserted at end "Nothing in this subsection shall exclude any act, omission, or condition alleged to violate any law, rule, regulation, or policy directive referred to in subsection (a)(1)(H) from such term."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.

"United States Information Agency" substituted for "International Communication Agency" in subsec. (c), pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97–241, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by section 1335(k)(4) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

Amendment by section 1422(b)(4)(D) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1401 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6561 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–138 not applicable with respect to any grievance, within the meaning of this section, arising before Oct. 28, 1991, see section 153(f) of Pub. L. 102–138, set out as a note under section 4115 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "the Broadcasting".
22 U.S.C. § 5323 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 62: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL POLICY / Subchapter II: INTERNATIONAL DEBT / Section 5323: Purposes
Purposes
Status: in_force

The purposes of this subchapter are—

(1) to expand the world trading system and raise the level of exports from the United States to the developing countries in order to reduce the United States trade deficit and foster economic expansion and an increase in the standard of living throughout the world;

(2) to alleviate the current international debt problem in order to make the debt situation of developing countries more manageable and permit the resumption of sustained growth in those countries; and

(3) to increase the stability of the world financial system and ensure the safety and soundness of United States depository institutions.

(Pub. L. 100–418, title III, §3103, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1376.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle B (§§3101–3123) of title III of Pub. L. 100–418, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1375, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of subtitle B to the Code, see Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 2083 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 29A: INTER-AMERICAN CULTURAL AND TRADE CENTER / Section 2083: Commissioner for Interama; procurement and appointment of personnel; powers and duties
Commissioner for Interama; procurement and appointment of personnel; powers and duties
Status: in_force

(a) There shall be in the designated department or agency a Commissioner for Interama who shall be appointed by the President. Subject to the direction of the head of the designated department or agency, the Commissioner for Interama shall perform such duties as the President may prescribe to carry out this chapter.

(b) In order to carry out the provisions of this chapter, the head of the designated department or agency is authorized—

(1) to appoint and fix the compensation of such persons as he deems necessary without regard to the civil service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5; except that no person so appointed shall receive compensation at a rate in excess of that received by persons under chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5 for the performance of comparable duties;

(2) to procure temporary and intermittent services in accordance with the provisions of section 3109 of title 5;

(3) to enter into contracts;

(4) to select, purchase, rent, construct, or otherwise acquire exhibits, including materials and equipment therefor, and to provide for the transportation, insurance, display, maintenance, and dismantling thereof;

(5) to incur such other expenses as may be necessary; and

(6) to accept donations of money, property, and services and the loan of property.

(Pub. L. 89–355, §3, Feb. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 90–83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 224.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (b)(1), (2), "chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5" and "section 3109 of title 5" substituted for "the Classification Act of 1949" and "section 15 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a)", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

1967—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–83 struck out provision that Commissioner of Interama receive compensation at a rate prescribed for level IV of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule.
22 U.S.C. § 286g (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XV: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 286g: Jurisdiction and venue of actions
Jurisdiction and venue of actions
Status: in_force

For the purpose of any action which may be brought within the United States or its Territories or possessions by or against the Fund or the Bank in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the Fund or the Articles of Agreement of the Bank, the Fund or the Bank, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be an inhabitant of the Federal judicial district in which its principal office in the United States is located, and any such action at law or in equity to which either the Fund or the Bank shall be a party shall be deemed to arise under the laws of the United States, and the district courts of the United States shall have original jurisdiction of any such action. When either the Fund or the Bank is a defendant in any such action, it may, at any time before the trial thereof, remove such action from a State court into the district court of the United States for the proper district by following the procedure for removal of causes otherwise provided by law.

(July 31, 1945, ch. 339, §10, 59 Stat. 516.)
22 U.S.C. § 7207 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 79: TRADE SANCTIONS REFORM AND EXPORT ENHANCEMENT / Section 7207: Prohibition on United States assistance and financing
Prohibition on United States assistance and financing
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition on United States assistance

(1) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no United States Government assistance, including United States foreign assistance, United States export assistance, and any United States credit or guarantees shall be available for exports to Cuba or for commercial exports to Iran, Libya, North Korea, or Sudan.

(2) Rule of construction

Nothing in paragraph (1) shall be construed to alter, modify, or otherwise affect the provisions of section 6039 of this title or any other provision of law relating to Cuba in effect on the day before October 28, 2000.

(3) Waiver

The President may waive the application of paragraph (1) with respect to Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Sudan to the degree the President determines that it is in the national security interest of the United States to do so, or for humanitarian reasons.

(b) Prohibition on financing of agricultural sales to Cuba

(1) In general

No United States person may provide payment or financing terms for sales of agricultural commodities or products to Cuba or any person in Cuba, except in accordance with the following terms (notwithstanding part 515 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, or any other provision of law):

(A) Payment of cash in advance.

(B) Financing by third country financial institutions (excluding United States persons or Government of Cuba entities), except that such financing may be confirmed or advised by a United States financial institution.

Nothing in this paragraph authorizes payment terms or trade financing involving a debit or credit to an account of a person located in Cuba or of the Government of Cuba maintained on the books of a United States depository institution.

(2) Penalties

Any private person or entity that violates paragraph (1) shall be subject to the penalties provided in the Trading With the Enemy Act [50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.] for violations under that Act.

(3) Administration and enforcement

The President shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this section, except that the President, in lieu of issuing new regulations, may apply any regulations in effect on October 28, 2000, pursuant to the Trading With the Enemy Act [50 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.], with respect to the conduct prohibited in paragraph (1).

(4) Definitions

In this subsection—

(A) the term "financing" includes any loan or extension of credit;

(B) the term "United States depository institution" means any entity (including its foreign branches or subsidiaries) organized under the laws of any jurisdiction within the United States, or any agency, office or branch located in the United States of a foreign entity, that is engaged primarily in the business of banking (including a bank, savings bank, savings association, credit union, trust company, or United States bank holding company); and

(C) the term "United States person" means the Federal Government, any State or local government, or any private person or entity of the United States.

(Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title IX, §908], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–70.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Trading With the Enemy Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), (3), is act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, which is classified to chapter 53 (§4301 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Executive Documents

Determination and Waiver of Application of Section 908(a)(1) of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 With Respect to Libya

Determination of President of the United States, No. 2004–49, Sept. 20, 2004, 69 F.R. 58035, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State[,] the Secretary of Agriculture[, and] the Secretary of Commerce

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including section 908(a)(3) of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000, title IX, Public Law 106–387 [22 U.S.C. 7207(a)(3)] (TSRA), I hereby determine that waiver of the application of section 908(a)(1) of TSRA with respect to Libya is in the national security interest of the United States and hereby waive the application of that section with respect to Libya.

The Secretary of State is hereby authorized and directed to report this determination and waiver to the Congress and to arrange for its publication in the Federal Register.

George W. Bush.      

Presidential Determination on Sudan

Determination of President of the United States, No. 2011–05, Nov. 19, 2010, 75 F.R 75865, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State [and the] President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 908(a)(3) of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000, title IX, Public Law 106–387, as amended, 22 U.S.C. 7207(a)(3) (TSRA), I hereby determine it is in the national security interest of the United States to waive the application of section 908(a)(1) of TSRA to allow export assistance to be made available for the export of computers and related equipment that enables the United Nations to facilitate the referendum in Southern Sudan pursuant to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

The Secretary of State is hereby authorized and directed to publish this determination in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.
22 U.S.C. § 254b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 6: FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS / Section 254b: Privileges and immunities of mission of nonparty to Vienna Convention
Privileges and immunities of mission of nonparty to Vienna Convention
Status: in_force

With respect to a nonparty to the Vienna Convention, the mission, the members of the mission, their families, and diplomatic couriers shall enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in the Vienna Convention.

(Pub. L. 95–393, §3(b), Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 97–241, title II, §203(b)(2), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1982—Pub. L. 97–241 substituted "With respect to a nonparty to the Vienna Convention, the mission, the members of the mission, their families, and diplomatic couriers" for "Members of the mission of a sending state which has not ratified the Vienna Convention, their families, and the diplomatic couriers of such state,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–241 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 204 of Pub. L. 97–241, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective at end of ninety-day period beginning on Sept. 30, 1978, see section 9 of Pub. L. 95–393, set out as a note under section 254a of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 4855 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 58: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY / Subchapter IV: DIPLOMATIC SECURITY PROGRAM / Section 4855: Cost overruns
Cost overruns
Status: in_force

Any amount required to complete any capital project described in the Department of State's Supplemental Diplomatic Security Program, as justified to the Congress for the respective fiscal year, which is in excess of the amount made available for that project pursuant to section 4851(a)(1) or (3) 1 shall be treated as a reprogramming of funds under section 2706 of this title and shall not be available for obligation or expenditure except in compliance with the procedures applicable to such reprogrammings.

(Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §405, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 865.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4851(a)(3) of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §101(c), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 388.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 4069c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VIII: FOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Section 4069c: Health benefits for certain former spouses
Health benefits for certain former spouses
Status: in_force

(a) Eligibility

Except as provided in subsection (c)(1), any individual—

(1) formerly married to an employee or former employee of the Foreign Service, whose marriage was dissolved by divorce or annulment before May 7, 1985;

(2) who, at any time during the 18-month period before the divorce or annulment became final, was covered under a health benefits plan as a member of the family of such employee or former employee; and

(3) who was married to such employee for not less than 10 years during periods of government service by such employee, is eligible for coverage under a health benefits plan in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(b) Prerequisites for enrollment; notification of rights

(1) Any individual eligible for coverage under subsection (a) may enroll in a health benefits plan for self alone or for self and family if, before the expiration of the 6-month period beginning on December 22, 1987, and in accordance with such procedures as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall by regulation prescribe, such individual—

(A) files an election for such enrollment; and

(B) arranges to pay currently into the Employees Health Benefits Fund under section 8909 of title 5 an amount equal to the sum of the employee and agency contributions payable in the case of an employee enrolled under chapter 89 of such title in the same health benefits plan and with the same level of benefits.

(2) The Secretary shall, as soon as possible, take all steps practicable—

(A) to determine the identity and current address of each former spouse eligible for coverage under subsection (a); and

(B) to notify each such former spouse of that individual's rights under this section.

(3) The Secretary shall waive the 6-month limitation set forth in paragraph (1) in any case in which the Secretary determines that the circumstances so warrant.

(c) Disqualification

(1) Any former spouse who remarries before age 55 is not eligible to make an election under subsection (b)(1).

(2) Any former spouse enrolled in a health benefits plan pursuant to an election under subsection (b)(1) may continue the enrollment under the conditions of eligibility which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall by regulation prescribe, except that any former spouse who remarries before age 55 shall not be eligible for continued enrollment under this section after the end of the 31-day period beginning on the date of remarriage.

(d) Prohibition on coverage by more than one plan

No individual may be covered by a health benefits plan under this section during any period in which such individual is enrolled in a health benefits plan under any other authority, nor may any individual be covered under more than one enrollment under this section.

(e) "Health benefits plan" defined

For purposes of this section the term "health benefits plan" means an approved health benefits plan under chapter 89 of title 5.

(f) Former spouses of United States Information Agency and Agency for International Development employees

Any individual who on February 14, 1981, was an otherwise qualified former spouse pursuant to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section, but who was married to a former Foreign Service employee of the United States Information Agency or of the Agency for International Development, shall be entitled to benefits under this section if—

(1) the former employee retired from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System on a date before his employing agency could legally participate in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System; and

(2) the marriage included at least five years during which the employee was assigned overseas.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §832, as added Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §188(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1371; amended Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §146(c), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 37.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 832 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 was enacted by Pub. L. 100–238 and is classified to section 4069b–1 of this title.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–246 added subsec. (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 6444 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter III: PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS / Section 6444: Report to Congress
Report to Congress
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to subsection (b), not later than 90 days after the President decides to take action under section 6441 of this title in response to violations of religious freedom and the President decides to take action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) with respect to that country, or not later than 90 days after the President designates a country as a country of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442 of this title, as the case may be, the President shall submit a report to Congress containing the following:

(1) Identification of Presidential actions

An identification of the Presidential action or actions described in paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 6445(a) of this title (or commensurate action in substitution thereto) to be taken with respect to the foreign country.

(2) Description of violations

A description of the violations giving rise to the Presidential action or actions to be taken.

(3) Purpose of Presidential actions

A description of the purpose of the Presidential action or actions.

(4) Evaluation

(A) Description

An evaluation, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large, the Commission, the Special Adviser, the parties described in section 6443(c) and (d) of this title, and whoever else the President deems appropriate, of—

(i) the impact upon the foreign government;

(ii) the impact upon the population of the country;

(iii) the impact upon the United States economy and other interested parties; and

(iv) the impact on the advancement of United States interests in democracy, human rights, and security, and a description of policy tools being applied in the country, including programs that target democratic stability, economic growth, and counterterrorism.

(B) Authority to withhold disclosure

The President may withhold part or all of such evaluation from the public but shall provide the entire evaluation to Congress.

(5) Statement of policy options

A statement that noneconomic policy options designed to bring about cessation of the particularly severe violations of religious freedom have reasonably been exhausted, including the consultations required in section 6443 of this title.

(6) Description of multilateral negotiations

A description of multilateral negotiations sought or carried out, if appropriate and applicable.

(b) Delay in transmittal of report

If, on or before the date that the President is required (but for this subsection) to submit a report under subsection (a) to Congress, the President determines and certifies to Congress that a single, additional period of time not to exceed 90 days is necessary pursuant to section 6441(b)(3) or 6442(c)(3) of this title, then the President shall not be required to submit the report to Congress until the expiration of that period of time.

(Pub. L. 105–292, title IV, §404, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2805; Pub. L. 114–281, title III, §303, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1435.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (a)(4)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 114–281 added cl. (iv).
22 U.S.C. § 283b (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XII: INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / Section 283b: National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems
National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems
Status: in_force

The provisions of section 286b of this title shall apply with respect to the Bank to the same extent as with respect to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund.

(Pub. L. 86–147, §4, Aug. 7, 1959, 73 Stat. 299; Pub. L. 101–240, title V, §541(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2518.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1989—Pub. L. 101–240 struck out at end "Reports with respect to the Bank under paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (b) of section 286b of this title shall be included in the first report made thereunder after the establishment of the Bank and in each succeeding report."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems under this section delegated to National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies, see section 2(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 11269, Feb. 14, 1966, 31 F.R. 2813, set out as a note under section 286b of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3902 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 3902: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter, the term—

(1) "abroad" means all areas not included within the United States;

(2) "agency" means an agency as defined in section 552(e) 1 of title 5;

(3) "chief of mission" means the principal officer in charge of a diplomatic mission of the United States or of a United States office abroad which is designated by the Secretary of State as diplomatic in nature, including any individual assigned under section 3982(c) of this title to be temporarily in charge of such a mission or office;

(4) "Department" means the Department of State, except that with reference to the exercise of functions under this chapter with respect to another agency authorized by law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, such term means that other agency;

(5) "employee" (except as provided in section 4102(8) of this title) means, when used with respect to an agency or to the Government generally, an officer or employee (including a member of the Service) or a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, or the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

(6) "function" includes any duty, obligation, power, authority, responsibility, right, privilege, discretion, or activity;

(7) "Government" means the Government of the United States;

(8) "merit principles" means the principles set out in section 2301(b) of title 5;

(9) "principal officer" means the officer in charge of a diplomatic mission, consular mission (other than a consular agency), or other Foreign Service post;

(10) "Secretary" means the Secretary of State, except that (subject to section 3921 of this title) with reference to the exercise of functions under this Act with respect to any agency authorized by law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, such term means the head of that agency;

(11) "Service" or "Foreign Service" means the Foreign Service of the United States; and

(12) "United States", when used in a geographic sense, means the several States and the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §102, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §130(a), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1027.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 552(e) of title 5, referred to in par. (2), was redesignated section 552(f) of title 5 by section 1802(b) of Pub. L. 99–570.

Amendments

1983—Pub. L. 98–164 struck out "(a)" before "As used in this chapter", and struck out subsec. (b) which provided that references to Foreign Service officers in any provision be deemed to refer to, with respect to the United States Information Agency, Foreign Service Information officers.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 5814 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 67: FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5814: Repealed. Pub. L. 112-74, div. I, title VII, §7034(n), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1217
Repealed. Pub. L. 112-74, div. I, title VII, §7034(n), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1217
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 102–511, title I, §104, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3324; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §596(d)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–126, required annual report on United States assistance for the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Restrictions on Assistance for New Independent States of Former Soviet Union; Report to Congress

Pub. L. 103–87, title V, §560(g), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 967, which related to restrictions on availability of funds to new independent states of the former Soviet Union and Secretary of State's annual report, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–74, div. I, title VII, §7034(n), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1217.

Similar provisions relating to nonavailability of funds to any government of the new independent states of the former Soviet Union if that government directs any action in violation of the territorial integrity or national sovereignty of any other new independent state, were contained in the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2006, Pub. L. 109–102, title V, §517(a), Nov. 14, 2005, 119 Stat. 2201, and were repeated in provisions of subsequent appropriations acts which are not set out in the Code. Similar provisions were also contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. D, title V, §517(a), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2996.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title V, §517(b), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 173.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. E, title V, §517(b), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 185.

Pub. L. 107–115, title V, §517(b), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2144.

Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title V, §517(b)], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–27.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §517(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–86.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(d) [title V, §517(b)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–174.

Pub. L. 105–118, title II, [(c)], Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2395.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(c) [title II, [(d)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–121, 3009–130.

Pub. L. 104–107, title II, [(d)], Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 712.

Pub. L. 103–306, title II, Aug. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 1616.
22 U.S.C. § 2775 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter III: MILITARY EXPORT CONTROLS / Section 2775: Foreign military sales to less developed countries
Foreign military sales to less developed countries
Status: in_force

(a) When the President finds that any economically less developed country is diverting development assistance furnished pursuant to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.], or sales under the Food for Peace Act, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.], to military expenditures, or is diverting its own resources to unnecessary military expenditures, to a degree which materially interferes with its development, such country shall be immediately ineligible for further sales and guarantees under sections 2761, 2762, 2763, and 2764 of this title, until the President is assured that such diversion will no longer take place.

(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 93–559, §45(a)(5), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1814.

(Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 3, §35, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1325; Pub. L. 93–559, §45(a)(5), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, §3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(T), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1821.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

The Food for Peace Act, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a), is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454, which is classified principally to chapter 41 (§1691 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of Title 7 and Tables.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246 substituted "Food for Peace Act" for "Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954".

1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–559 repealed subsec. (b) which provided for Presidential reports to Congress respecting sales and guaranties to less developed countries.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 1968, see section 41 of Pub. L. 90–629, set out as a note under section 2751 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of the President under subsec. (a) of this section, see section 1(i) of Ex. Ord. No. 13637, Mar. 8, 2013, 78 F.R. 16130, set out as a note under section 2751 of this title. Functions were previously delegated by Ex. Ord. No. 11958, which was formerly set out as a note under section 2751 of this title and was revoked, subject to a savings provision, by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 13637.
22 U.S.C. § 6542 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 74: FOREIGN AFFAIRS AGENCIES CONSOLIDATION / Subchapter III: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY / Section 6542: Transfer of broadcasting related funds, property, and personnel
Transfer of broadcasting related funds, property, and personnel
Status: in_force

(a) Transfer and allocation of property and appropriations

(1) In general

The assets, liabilities (including contingent liabilities arising from suits continued with a substitution or addition of parties under section 6543(d) of this title), contracts, property, records, and unexpended balance of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, available to, or to be made available in connection with the functions and offices of USIA transferred to the Broadcasting Board of Governors by this part shall be transferred to the Broadcasting Board of Governors for appropriate allocation.

(2) Additional transfers

In addition to the transfers made under paragraph (1), there shall be transferred to the Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors the assets, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balance of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds, as determined by the Secretary, in concurrence with the Broadcasting Board of Governors, to support the functions transferred by this part.

(b) Transfer of personnel

Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

(1) except as provided in subsection (c), all personnel and positions of USIA employed or maintained to carry out the functions transferred by this part to the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall be transferred to the Broadcasting Board of Governors at the same grade or class and the same rate of basic pay or basic salary rate and with the same tenure held immediately preceding transfer; and

(2) the personnel and positions of USIA, as determined by the Secretary of State, with the concurrence of the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the Director of USIA, to support the functions transferred by this part shall be transferred to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, including the International Broadcasting Bureau, at the same grade or class and the same rate of basic pay or basic salary rate and with the same tenure held immediately preceding transfer.

(c) Transfer and allocation of property, appropriations, and personnel associated with Worldnet

USIA personnel responsible for carrying out interactive dialogs with foreign media and other similar overseas public diplomacy programs using the Worldnet television broadcasting system, and funds associated with such personnel, shall be transferred to the Department of State in accordance with the provisions of subchapter VI of this chapter.

(d) Incidental transfers

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, when requested by the Broadcasting Board of Governors, is authorized to make such incidental dispositions of personnel, assets, liabilities, grants, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds held, used, arising from, available to, or to be made available in connection with functions and offices transferred from USIA, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1326, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–782.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This part, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original "this chapter", meaning chapter 3 (§§1321–1328) of title XIII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–777. For complete classification of chapter 3 to the Code, see Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Broadcasting Board of Governors renamed United States Agency for Global Media pursuant to section 6204(a)(21) of this title. The renaming was effectuated by notice to congressional appropriations committees dated May 24, 2018, and became effective Aug. 22, 2018.
22 U.S.C. § 4197 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XIV: POWERS, DUTIES AND LIABILITIES OF CONSULAR OFFICERS GENERALLY / Section 4197: Following testamentary directions; assistance to testamentary appointee
Following testamentary directions; assistance to testamentary appointee
Status: in_force

When a citizen of the United States dies in a foreign country and leaves, by any lawful testamentary disposition, special directions for the custody and management, by the consular officer, or in his absence a diplomatic officer, within whose jurisdiction the death occurred, of the personal property in the foreign country which he possessed at the time of death, such officer shall, so far as the laws of the foreign country permit, strictly observe such directions if not contrary to the laws of the United States. If such citizen has named, by any lawful testamentary disposition, any other person than a consular officer or diplomatic officer to take charge of and manage such property, it shall be the duty of the officer, whenever required by the person so named, to give his official aid in whatever way may be practicable to facilitate the proceedings of such person in the lawful execution of his trust, and, so far as the laws of the country or treaty provisions permit, to protect the property of the deceased from any interference by the authorities of the country where such citizen died. To this end it shall be the duty of the consular officer, or if no consular officer is present a diplomatic officer, to safeguard the decedent's property by placing thereon his official seal and to break and remove such seal only upon the request of the person designated by the deceased to take charge of and manage his property.

(R.S. §1711; July 12, 1940, ch. 618, 54 Stat. 760.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §1711 derived from act Aug. 18, 1856, ch. 127, §28, 11 Stat. 63.

Section was not enacted as part of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly classified to section 1177 of this title, and prior thereto to section 77 of this title.

Amendments

1940—Act July 12, 1940, amended section generally.
22 U.S.C. § 2715c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 38: DEPARTMENT OF STATE / Section 2715c: Conservation and disposition of estates
Conservation and disposition of estates
Status: in_force

(a) Conservation of estates abroad

(1) Authority to act as conservator

Whenever a United States citizen or national dies abroad, a consular officer shall act as the provisional conservator of the portion of the decedent's estate located abroad and, subject to paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), shall—

(A) take possession of the personal effects of the decedent within his jurisdiction;

(B) inventory and appraise the personal effects of the decedent, sign the inventory, and annex thereto a certificate as to the accuracy of the inventory and appraised value of each article;

(C) when appropriate in the exercise of prudent administration, collect the debts due to the decedent in the officer's jurisdiction and pay from the estate the obligations owed by the decedent;

(D) sell or dispose of, as appropriate, in the exercise of prudent administration, all perishable items of property;

(E) sell, after reasonable public notice and notice to such next of kin as can be ascertained with reasonable diligence, such additional items of property as necessary to provide funds sufficient to pay the decedent's debts and property taxes in the country of death, funeral expenses, and other expenses incident to the disposition of the estate;

(F) upon the expiration of the one-year period beginning on the date of death (or after such additional period as may be required for final settlement of the estate), if no claimant shall have appeared, after reasonable public notice and notice to such next of kin as can be ascertained with reasonable diligence, sell or dispose of the residue of the personal estate, except as provided in subparagraph (G), in the same manner as United States Government-owned foreign excess property;

(G) transmit to the custody of the Secretary of State in Washington, D.C. the proceeds of any sales, together with all financial instruments (including bonds, shares of stock, and notes of indebtedness), jewelry, heirlooms, and other articles of obvious sentimental value, to be held in trust for the legal claimant; and

(H) in the event that the decedent's estate includes an interest in real property located within the jurisdiction of the officer and such interest does not devolve by the applicable laws of intestate succession or otherwise, provide for title to the property to be conveyed to the Government of the United States unless the Secretary declines to accept such conveyance.

(2) Authority to act as administrator

Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), a consular officer may act as administrator of an estate in exceptional circumstances if expressly authorized to do so by the Secretary of State.

(3) Exceptions

The responsibilities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) may not be performed to the extent that the decedent has left or there is otherwise appointed, in the country where the death occurred or where the decedent was domiciled, a legal representative, partner in trade, or trustee appointed to take care of his personal estate. If the decedent's legal representative shall appear at any time prior to transmission of the estate to the Secretary and demand the proceeds and effects being held by the consular officer, the officer shall deliver them to the representative after having collected any prescribed fee for the services performed under this section.

(4) Additional requirement

In addition to being subject to the limitations in paragraph (3), the responsibilities described in paragraphs (1) and (2) may not be performed unless—

(A) authorized by treaty provisions or permitted by the laws or authorities of the country wherein the death occurs, or the decedent is domiciled; or

(B) permitted by established usage in that country.

(5) Statutory construction

Nothing in this section supersedes or otherwise affects the authority of any military commander under title 10 with respect to the person or property of any decedent who died while under a military command or jurisdiction or the authority of the Peace Corps with respect to a Peace Corps volunteer or the volunteer's property.

(b) Disposition of estates by the Secretary of State

(1) Personal estates

(A) In general

After receipt of a personal estate pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary may seek payment of all outstanding debts to the estate as they become due, may receive any balances due on such estate, may endorse all checks, bills of exchange, promissory notes, and other instruments of indebtedness payable to the estate for the benefit thereof, and may take such other action as is reasonably necessary for the conservation of the estate.

(B) Disposition as surplus United States property

If, upon the expiration of a period of 5 fiscal years beginning on October 1 after a consular officer takes possession of a personal estate under subsection (a), no legal claimant for such estate has appeared, title to the estate shall be conveyed to the United States, the property in the estate shall be under the custody of the Department of State, and the Secretary shall dispose of the estate in the same manner as surplus United States Government-owned property is disposed or by such means as may be appropriate in light of the nature and value of the property involved. The expenses of sales shall be paid from the estate, and any lawful claim received thereafter shall be payable to the extent of the value of the net proceeds of the estate as a refund from the appropriate Treasury appropriations account.

(C) Transfer of proceeds

The net cash estate after disposition as provided in subparagraph (B) shall be transferred to the miscellaneous receipts account of the Treasury of the United States.

(2) Real property

(A) Designation as excess property

In the event that title to real property is conveyed to the Government of the United States pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(H) and is not required by the Department of State, such property shall be considered foreign excess property under title IV of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949.1

(B) Treatment as gift

In the event that the Department requires such property, the Secretary of State shall treat such property as if it were an unconditional gift accepted on behalf of the Department of State under section 2697 of this title and section 300(a)(3) of this title.

(c) Losses in connection with the conservation of estates

(1) Authority to compensate

The Secretary is authorized to compensate the estate of any United States citizen who has died overseas for property—

(A) the conservation of which has been undertaken under section 2715 of this title or subsection (a) of this section; and

(B) that has been lost, stolen, or destroyed while in the custody of officers or employees of the Department of State.

(2) Liability

(A) Exclusion of personal liability after provision of compensation

Any such compensation shall be in lieu of personal liability of officers or employees of the Department of State.

(B) Liability to the Department

An officer or employee of the Department of State may be liable to the Department of State to the extent of any compensation provided under paragraph (1).

(C) Determinations of liability

The liability of any officer or employee of the Department of State to the Department for any payment made under subsection (a) shall be determined pursuant to the Department's procedures for determining accountability for United States Government property.

(d) Regulations

The Secretary of State may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, §43B, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §234(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–427.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A), is act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, 63 Stat. 377. Title IV of the Act, which was classified generally to subchapter III (§511 et seq.) of chapter 10 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, was repealed and reenacted by Pub. L. 107–217, §§1, 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1062, 1304, as chapter 7 (§701 et seq.) of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective six months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(7) [title II, §234(c)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 2715b of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
22 U.S.C. § 2292g (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2292g: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-424, title VI, §604, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 961
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-424, title VI, §604, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 961
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §495A, as added Pub. L. 94–276, §2, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 397, related to relief and rehabilitation for people victimized by recent earthquakes in Guatemala.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2151 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 3003 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 45: COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE / Section 3003: Commission membership
Commission membership
Status: in_force

(a) Selection and appointment of members

The Commission shall be composed of twenty-one members as follows:

(1) Nine Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Five Members shall be selected from the majority party and four Members shall be selected, after consultation with the minority leader of the House, from the minority party.

(2) Nine Members of the Senate appointed by the President of the Senate. Five Members shall be selected from the majority party of the Senate, after consultation with the majority leader, and four Members shall be selected, after consultation with the minority leader of the Senate, from the minority party.

(3) One member of the Department of State appointed by the President of the United States.

(4) One member of the Department of Defense appointed by the President of the United States.

(5) One member of the Department of Commerce appointed by the President of the United States.

(b) Commission Chairman and Cochairman

There shall be a Chairman and a Cochairman of the Commission.

(c) Designation of Chairman

At the beginning of each odd-numbered Congress, the President of the Senate, on the recommendation of the majority leader, shall designate one of the Senate Members as Chairman of the Commission. At the beginning of each even-numbered Congress, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall designate one of the House Members as Chairman of the Commission.

(d) Designation of Cochairman

At the beginning of each odd-numbered Congress, the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall designate one of the House Members as Cochairman of the Commission. At the beginning of each even-numbered Congress, the President of the Senate, on the recommendation of the majority leader, shall designate one of the Senate Members as Cochairman of the Commission.

(Pub. L. 94–304, §3, June 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 661; Pub. L. 99–7, §1(a), (b), Mar. 27, 1985, 99 Stat. 18.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 99–7, §1(a), in amending section generally, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The Commission shall be composed of fifteen members as follows:

"(1) Six Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Four members shall be selected from the majority party and two shall be selected, after consultation with the minority leader of the House, from the minority party. The Speaker shall designate one of the House Members as chairman.

"(2) Six Members of the Senate appointed by the President of the Senate. Four members shall be selected from the majority party and two shall be selected after consultation with the minority leader of the Senate, from the minority party.

"(3) One member of the Department of State appointed by the President of the United States.

"(4) One member of the Defense Department appointed by the President of the United States.

"(5) One member of the Commerce Department appointed by the President of the United States."

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 99–7, §1(b), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 99–7 effective Apr. 15, 1985, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 99–7, set out as a note under section 3002 of this title.

Amendment by section 1(b) of Pub. L. 99–7 effective on first day of 100th Congress (which convenes in January 1987), see section 6(b)(1) of Pub. L. 99–7, set out as a note under section 3002 of this title.

Designation of Chairman and Cochairman for Duration of 99th Congress

Pub. L. 99–7, §1(c), Mar. 27, 1985, 99 Stat. 19, provided that: "On the effective date of this subsection [Apr. 15, 1985], the President of the Senate, on the recommendation of the majority leader, shall designate one of the Senate Members to serve as Chairman of the Commission for the duration of the Ninety-ninth Congress, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall designate one of the House Members to serve as Cochairman of the Commission for the duration of the Ninety-ninth Congress."
22 U.S.C. § 284aa (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIII: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION / Section 284aa: Multilateral debt relief
Multilateral debt relief
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to contribute, on behalf of the United States, not more than $565,020,000 to the International Development Association for the purpose of funding debt relief costs under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative incurred in the period governed by the seventeenth replenishment of resources of the International Development Association, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations and without prejudice to any funding arrangements in existence on December 16, 2014.

(b) In order to pay for the United States contribution provided for in subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, not more than $565,020,000 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(c) In this section, the term "Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative" means the proposal set out in the G8 Finance Ministers' Communique entitled "Conclusions on Development," done at London, June 11, 2005, and reaffirmed by G8 Heads of State at the Gleneagles Summit on July 8, 2005.

(Pub. L. 86–565, §29, as added Pub. L. 113–235, div. J, title VII, §7083(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2684.)
22 U.S.C. § 2292a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2292a: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Fiscal year authorization

There are authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry out section 2292 of this title, $3,905,460,000 for each of the fiscal years 2024 through 2028, of which up to $1,757,457,000 should be made available to carry out section 2292(c) of this title. Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(b) Subsequent appropriations for reimbursement of additional fiscal year obligations charged against appropriation account

In addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this part, up to $50,000,000 in any fiscal year may be obligated against appropriations under subchapter I of this chapter (other than this part) for use in providing assistance in accordance with the authorities and general policies of section 2292 of this title. Amounts subsequently appropriated under this part with respect to a disaster may be used to reimburse any appropriation account against which obligations were incurred under this subsection with respect to that disaster.

(c) Amounts in addition to other amounts

Amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to the authorizations of appropriations under section 2292(c) of this title are in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes.

(d) Flexibility

(1) United States policy

It is the policy of the United States that the funds made available to carry out section 2292 of this title are intended to provide the President with the greatest possible flexibility to address disaster-related needs as they arise and to prepare for and reduce the impact of natural and man-made disasters.

(2) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that any amendments to applicable legal provisions contained in this chapter are not intended to limit such authorities.

(e) Report

Not later than March 1 of each fiscal year, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a report that describes the activities undertaken by the President over the course of the prior fiscal year pursuant to section 2292(c) of this title, including the amounts of assistance provided, intended beneficiaries, monitoring and evaluation strategies, anticipated outcomes, and, as practicable, actual outcomes.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §492, as added Pub. L. 94–161, title I, §101(3), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 849; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title I, §119, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 541; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §118(b), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 953; Pub. L. 96–53, title I, §115, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 365; Pub. L. 96–533, title IV, §§403, 404(a), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3150; Pub. L. 97–113, title V, §503, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1539; Pub. L. 99–83, title IV, §404, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 114–195, §7(c)(2), July 20, 2016, 130 Stat. 681; Pub. L. 115–266, §2(b), Oct. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 3755; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LV, §5588(g)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3379.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, known as the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–263 substituted "$3,905,460,000 for each of the fiscal years 2024 through 2028, of which up to $1,757,457,000" for "$2,794,184,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2023, of which up to $1,257,382,000".

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–266 substituted "fiscal years 2017 through 2023" for "fiscal years 2017 and 2018".

2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–195, §7(c)(2)(A), which directed substitution of "$2,794,184,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 and 2018, of which up to $1,257,382,000 should be made available to carry out section 2292(c) of this title." for "$25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987.", was executed by making the substitution for "$25,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1987." to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 114–195, §7(c)(2)(B), added subsecs. (c) to (e).

1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–83 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations of $25,000,000 for fiscal years 1986 and 1987, for provisions authorizing appropriations of $27,000,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983.

1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–113 substituted appropriations authorization of $27,000,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983, for appropriation of $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1981.

1980—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–533, §§403, 404(a)(1), substituted appropriations authorization of "$25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1981" for such authorization of "$21,800,000 for the fiscal year 1980" and designated existing provisions as subsec. (a).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–533, §404(a)(2), added subsec. (b).

1979—Pub. L. 96–53 substituted "$21,800,000" for "$25,000,000" and "1980" for "1979".

1978—Pub. L. 95–424 substituted "the fiscal year 1979" for "each of the fiscal years 1977 and 1978" and struck out provision requiring the President to submit quarterly reports to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives on the programming and obligation of funds.

1977—Pub. L. 95–88 substituted "fiscal years 1977 and 1978" for "fiscal years 1976 and 1977".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References to Subchapter I Deemed To Include Certain Parts of Subchapter II

References to subchapter I of this chapter are deemed to include parts IV (§2346 et seq.), VI (§2348 et seq.), and VIII (§2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter, and references to subchapter II are deemed to exclude such parts. See section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2504a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 34: THE PEACE CORPS / Section 2504a: Health care for volunteers at Peace Corps posts
Health care for volunteers at Peace Corps posts
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President shall ensure that each overseas post has the services of a medical office that is consistent in size and scope with the needs of the Peace Corps at such post, including, if necessary, by detailing to any such post the licensed medical staff of other United States departments, agencies, or establishments.

(b) Hiring criteria

In selecting medical officers and support staff for overseas Peace Corps posts, the Director of the Peace Corps shall hire well-qualified and capable personnel to support the effectiveness of health care for Peace Corps volunteers by evaluating each candidate's—

(1) medical training, experience, and accreditations or other qualifications;

(2) record of performance;

(3) administrative capabilities;

(4) understanding of the local language and culture;

(5) ability to work in the English language;

(6) interpersonal skills; and

(7) such other factors that the Director determines appropriate.

(c) Certain training

The Director of the Peace Corps shall ensure that each Peace Corps medical officer serving in a malaria-endemic country receives training in the recognition of the side effects of such medications.

(d) Review and evaluation

(1) In general

The Director of the Peace Corps, acting through the Associate Director of the Office of Health Services and the country directors, shall review and evaluate the performance and health care delivery of all Peace Corps medical staff, including medical officers, to—

(A) ensure compliance with all relevant Peace Corps policies, practices, and guidelines; and

(B) ensure that medical staff complete the necessary continuing medical education to maintain their skills and satisfy licensing and credentialing standards, as designated by the Director.

(2) Report to Congress

The Director of the Peace Corps shall include, in the annual Peace Corps congressional budget justification, a confirmation that the review and evaluation of all Peace Corps medical staff required under paragraph (1) has been completed.

(e) Antimalarial drugs

The Director of the Peace Corps shall consult with experts at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regarding recommendations for prescribing malaria prophylaxis, in order to provide the best standard of care within the context of the Peace Corps environment.

(Pub. L. 87–293, title I, §5A, as added Pub. L. 115–256, title I, §101(a)(2), Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3651.)
22 U.S.C. § 3304 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 48: TAIWAN RELATIONS / Section 3304: Overseas Private Investment Corporation
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
Status: in_force

(a) Removal of per capita income restriction on Corporation activities with respect to investment projects on Taiwan

During the three-year period beginning on April 10, 1979, the $1,000 per capita income restriction in clause (2) of the second undesignated paragraph of section 2191 1 of this title shall not restrict the activities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation in determining whether to provide any insurance, reinsurance, loans, or guaranties with respect to investment projects on Taiwan.

(b) Application by Corporation of other criteria

Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, in issuing insurance, reinsurance, loans, or guaranties with respect to investment projects on Taiwan, the Overseas Private Insurance 2 Corporation shall apply the same criteria as those applicable in other parts of the world.

(Pub. L. 96–8, §5, Apr. 10, 1979, 93 Stat. 16.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 2191 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective as of January 1, 1979, see section 18 of Pub. L. 96–8, set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to the United States International Development Finance Corporation and treatment of related references, see sections 9683 and 9686(d) of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "Investment".
22 U.S.C. § 8810 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 95: IRAN FREEDOM AND COUNTERPROLIFERATION / Section 8810: Applicability to certain natural gas projects
Applicability to certain natural gas projects
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subtitle or the amendments made by this subtitle shall apply with respect to any activity relating to a project described in subsection (a) of section 8783 of this title to which the exception under that section applies at the time of the activity.

(Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XII, §1254, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2018.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subtitle, referred to in text, is subtitle D (§§1241–1255) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 112–239, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2004, known as the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of subtitle D to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8801 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 276c (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Section 276c: Designation of Senate delegates to Conferences of the Interparliamentary Union
Designation of Senate delegates to Conferences of the Interparliamentary Union
Status: in_force

On and after June 30, 1958, Senate delegates to Conferences of the Interparliamentary Union shall be designated by the Presiding Officer of the Senate. Not less than two Senators so designated shall be members of the Committee on Foreign Relations.

(Pub. L. 85–474, title I, June 30, 1958, 72 Stat. 246; Pub. L. 94–141, title II, §204(c), Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 762.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1975—Pub. L. 94–141 inserted at end "Not less than two Senators so designated shall be members of the Committee on Foreign Relations."
22 U.S.C. § 121 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 1: DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE GENERALLY / Section 121: Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(13), (20), 60 Stat. 1036
Repealed. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1131(13), (20), 60 Stat. 1036
Status: repealed

Section 121, R.S. §1740; acts Apr. 5, 1906, ch. 1366, §3, 34 Stat. 100; Feb. 5, 1915, ch. 23, §6, 38 Stat. 806; Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 364, 43 Stat. 1017, related to commencement of salary of officers.

Section 122, act June 11, 1874, ch. 275, §4, 18 Stat. 70, related to fixing of travel time allowances.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective three months after Aug. 13, 1946, see act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, §1141, 60 Stat. 1040.
22 U.S.C. § 2124 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 31: INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL / Subchapter III: ADMINISTRATION / Section 2124: Tourism Policy Council
Tourism Policy Council
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

In order to ensure that the United States' national interest in tourism is fully considered in Federal decision making, there is established a coordinating council to be known as the Tourism Policy Council (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the "Council").

(b) Membership

The Council shall consist of the following individuals:

(1) The Secretary of Commerce, who shall serve as the Chairman of the Council.

(2) The Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade.

(3) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(4) The Secretary of State.

(5) The Secretary of the Interior.

(6) The Secretary of Labor.

(7) The Secretary of Transportation.

(8) The Commissioner of the United States Customs Service.

(9) The President of the United States National Tourism Organization.

(10) The Commissioner of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

(11) Representatives of other Federal agencies which have affected interests at each meeting as deemed appropriate and invited by the Chairman.

(c) No additional compensation for Council members

Members of the Council shall serve without additional compensation.

(d) Council meetings

The Council shall conduct its first meeting not later than 6 months after October 11, 1996. Thereafter the Council shall meet not less than 2 times each year.

(e) Involvement of Federal agencies and departments

(1) The Council shall coordinate national policies and programs relating to international travel and tourism, recreation, and national heritage resources, which involve Federal agencies;

(2) The Council may request directly from any Federal department or agency such personnel, information, services, or facilities as deemed necessary by the Chairman and to the extent permitted by law and within the limits of available funds.

(3) Federal departments and agencies may, in their discretion, detail to temporary duty with the Council such personnel as the Chairman may request for carrying out the functions of the Council. Each such detail of personnel shall be without loss of seniority, pay, or other employee status.

(f) Closed meetings

Where necessary to prevent the public disclosure of non-public information which may be presented by a Council member, the Council may hold, at the discretion of the Chairman, a closed meeting which may exclude any individual who is not an officer or employee of the United States.

(g) Annual report

The Council shall submit an annual report for the preceding fiscal year to the President for transmittal to the Congress on or before December 31 of each year. The report shall include—

(1) a comprehensive and detailed report of the activities and accomplishments of the Council;

(2) the results of Council efforts to coordinate the policies and programs of member's agencies that have a significant effect on international travel and tourism, recreation, and national heritage resources, including progress toward resolving interagency conflicts and development of cooperative program activity;

(3) an analysis of problems referred to the Council by State and local governments, the tourism industry, the United States National Tourism Organization, the Secretary of Commerce, along with a detailed summary of any action taken or anticipated to resolve such problems; and

(4) any recommendation as deemed appropriate by the Council.

(h) Applicability of chapter 10 of title 5

The membership of the President of the United States National Tourism Organization on the Council shall not in itself make chapter 10 of title 5 applicable to the Council.

(Pub. L. 87–63, title III, §301, as added Pub. L. 104–288, §11, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3408; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(165), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4324.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2124, Pub. L. 87–63, title III, §301, formerly §4, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 130; Pub. L. 88–426, title III, §305(29), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 91–477, §3(a), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1072; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 97–63, §4(a)(1)–(3), (b), (c)(2), Oct. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1014, 1015; Pub. L. 102–372, §§12–14, Sept. 30, 1992, 106 Stat. 1180, related to establishment of United States Travel and Tourism Administration, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–288, §9(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3407.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 10 of title 5" for "the Federal Advisory Committee Act".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
22 U.S.C. § 4013 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter VI: PROMOTION AND RETENTION / Section 4013: Department awards
Department awards
Status: in_force

The President shall establish a system of awards to confer appropriate recognition of outstanding contributions to the Nation by members of the Service or Civil Service. The awards system established under this section shall provide for presentation by the President and by the Secretary of medals or other suitable commendations for performance in the course of or beyond the call of duty which involves distinguished, meritorious service to the Nation, including extraordinary valor in the face of danger to life or health. Distinguished, meritorious service in the promotion of internationally recognized human rights, including the right to freedom of religion, shall serve as a basis for granting awards under this section.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §614, formerly §613, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2099; renumbered §614, Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §181(a)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 416; amended Pub. L. 105–292, title V, §504(b), Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2811; Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5308(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2362.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §5308(a)(1), amended section catchline generally, substituting "Department awards" for "Foreign Service awards".

Pub. L. 117–81, §5308(a)(2), inserted "or Civil Service" after "the Service" before period at end of first sentence.

1998—Pub. L. 105–292 inserted at end "Distinguished, meritorious service in the promotion of internationally recognized human rights, including the right to freedom of religion, shall serve as a basis for granting awards under this section."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of State, see section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 12293, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13969, set out under section 3901 of this title.

The Richard C. Holbrooke Award for Diplomacy

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 22, 2010, 77 F.R. 75507, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

To honor the legacy of one of America's greatest diplomats and to reaffirm our commitment to diplomacy, I hereby direct you to establish the Richard C. Holbrooke Award for Diplomacy, to be awarded annually. You are authorized to take all necessary steps to establish an appropriate award program under the auspices of your department to recognize distinguished Americans who have made especially meritorious contributions to diplomacy.

Sixty days prior to presenting the award, you shall present to me a list of nominees, from which I will select up to five individuals or groups of individuals to receive this award. In preparing your list of nominees, you may consider the recommendations of appropriate individuals and groups, coordinate your nominations in consultation with other executive agencies as appropriate, and may include recommendations for posthumous awards.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.
22 U.S.C. § 5813 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 67: FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5813: Report on overall assistance and economic cooperation strategy
Report on overall assistance and economic cooperation strategy
Status: in_force

(a) Requirement for submission

As soon as practicable after October 24, 1992, the coordinator designated pursuant to section 5812(a) of this title shall submit to the Congress a report on the overall assistance and economic cooperation strategy for the independent states of the former Soviet Union that is required to be developed pursuant to paragraph (1) of that section.

(b) Assistance plan

The report submitted pursuant to subsection (a) shall include a plan specifying—

(1) the amount of the funds authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1993 by chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2295 et seq.] proposed to be allocated for each of the categories of activities authorized by section 498 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 2295] and to carry out section 5821 of this title (relating to American Business Centers), section 5823 of this title (relating to export promotion activities and capital projects), and subchapter III of this chapter (relating to the Democracy Corps);

(2) the amount of other funds made available for fiscal year 1993 to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] proposed to be allocated for assistance under that Act for the independent states of the former Soviet Union; and

(3) the amount of funds available for fiscal year 1993 under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] that are proposed to be made to each agency to carry out activities for the independent states under that Act or this Act.

(Pub. L. 102–511, title I, §103, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3323.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to chapter 32 (§2151 et seq.) of this title. Chapter 11 of part I of the Act is classified generally to part XI (§2295 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 32 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 102–511, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3320, known as the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 and also as the FREEDOM Support Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of this title and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 4156 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter XII: TRANSITION / Section 4156: Preservation of status and benefits
Preservation of status and benefits
Status: in_force

(a) Conversion to class, grade, or step corresponding to level prior to conversion; reduction in position or salary; conversion from Foreign Service under section 4154 of this title

(1) Every individual who is converted under this subchapter shall be converted to the class or grade and pay rate that most closely corresponds to the class or grade and step at which the individual was serving immediately before conversion. No conversion under this subchapter shall cause any individual to incur a reduction in his or her class, grade, or basic rate of salary.

(2) An individual converted under section 4154 of this title to a position in the competitive service shall be entitled to have that position, or any other position to which the individual is subsequently assigned (other than at the request of the individual), be considered for all purposes as at the grade which corresponds to the class in which the individual served immediately before conversion so long as the individual continues to hold that position.

(b) Participation in Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System

(1) Any participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System who would, but for this paragraph, participate in the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System by virtue of conversion under this subchapter shall remain a participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System for 120 days after participation in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System would otherwise cease. During such 120-day period, the individual may elect in writing to continue to participate in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System instead of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System so long as he or she is employed in an agency which is authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system. If such an election is not made, the individual shall then be covered by the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System and contributions made by the participant to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund shall be transferred to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

(2) Any Foreign Service Reserve officer with limited tenure who has reemployment rights to a personnel category in the Foreign Service in which he or she would be a participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System and who would, but for this paragraph, continue to participate in the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System by virtue of conversion under section 4154 of this title may elect, during the 120-day period beginning on the date of such conversion, to become a participant in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System so long as he or she is employed in an agency which is authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system. If such an election is made, the individual shall be transferred to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System and contributions made by that individual to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund shall be transferred to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

(c) Conversion to type of appointment corresponding in tenure to that prior to conversion

Individuals who are converted under this subchapter shall be converted to the type of appointment which corresponds most closely in tenure to the type of appointment under which they were serving immediately prior to such conversion, except that this subchapter shall not operate to extend the duration of any limited appointment or previously applicable time in class.

(d) Reappointment resulting from enactment of Foreign Service Act of 1980

Any individual who on February 15, 1981, is serving—

(1) under an appointment in the Foreign Service, or

(2) in any other office or position continued by this chapter, may continue to serve under such appointment, subject to the provisions of this chapter, and need not be reappointed by virtue of the enactment of this chapter.

(e) Deferment of retirement provisions

Any individual in the Foreign Service—

(1) who is serving under a career appointment on October 17, 1980, and

(2) who was not subject to section 633(a)(2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 immediately before February 15, 1981,

may not be retired under section 4008 of this title until 10 years after February 15, 1981, or when such individual first becomes eligible for an immediate annuity under subchapter VIII of this chapter, whichever occurs first.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2106, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2151.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (d), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, known as the Foreign Service Act of 1980, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables.

Section 633(a)(2) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), which was classified to section 1003(a)(2) of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2159.

Codification

In subsecs. (d) and (e), "February 15, 1981" substituted for "the effective date of this Act" pursuant to section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 285o (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIV: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / Section 285o: Expropriation of United States property; loan restrictions
Expropriation of United States property; loan restrictions
Status: in_force

The President shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the Asian Development Bank to vote against any loan or other utilization of the funds of the Bank for the benefit of any country which has—

(1) nationalized or expropriated or seized ownership or control of property owned by any United States citizen or by any corporation, partnership, or association not less than 50 per centum of which is beneficially owned by United States citizens;

(2) taken steps to repudiate or nullify existing contracts or agreements with any United States citizen or any corporation, partnership, or association not less than 50 per centum of which is beneficially owned by United States citizens; or

(3) imposed or enforced discriminatory taxes or other exaction, or restrictive maintenance or operational conditions, or has taken other actions, which have the effect of nationalizing, expropriating, or otherwise seizing ownership or control of property so owned;

unless the President determines that (A) an arrangement for prompt, adequate, and effective compensation has been made, (B) the parties have submitted the dispute to arbitration under the rules of the Convention for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, or (C) good faith negotiations are in progress aimed at providing prompt, adequate, and effective compensation under the applicable principles of international law.

(Pub. L. 89–369, §18, as added Pub. L. 92–245, §1, Mar. 10, 1972, 86 Stat. 58.)
22 U.S.C. § 1643e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 21: SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS / Subchapter V: CLAIMS AGAINST CUBA AND CHINA / Section 1643e: Offsets
Offsets
Status: in_force

In determining the amount of any claim, the Commission shall deduct all amounts the claimant has received from any source on account of the same loss or losses.

(Mar. 10, 1950, ch. 54, title V, §506, as added Pub. L. 88–666, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1112; amended Pub. L. 89–262, §4, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 988.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1965—Pub. L. 89–262 struck out proviso that the deduction of such amounts shall not be construed as divesting the United States of any rights against the Government of Cuba for the amounts so deducted.
22 U.S.C. § 1475e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 18: UNITED STATES INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS / Subchapter VII: ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE / Section 1475e: Use of English-teaching program fees
Use of English-teaching program fees
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31 or any other law or limitation of authority, fees and receipts described in subsection (b) are authorized to be credited each fiscal year for authorized purposes to the appropriate appropriations of the United States Information Agency to such extent as may be provided in advance in appropriations acts.

(b) Fees and receipts described

The fees and receipts described in this subsection are fees and payments received by or for the use of the United States Information Agency from or in connection with—

(1) English-teaching and library services,

(2) educational advising and counseling,

(3) Exchange Visitor Program Services,

(4) advertising and business ventures of the Voice of America and the International Broadcasting Bureau,

(5) cooperating international organizations, and 1

(6) Agency-produced publications,1

(7) an amount not to exceed $100,000 of the payments from motion picture and television programs produced or conducted by or on behalf of the Agency under the authority of this chapter or the Mutual Education and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.].

(Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title VIII, §810, as added Pub. L. 97–241, title III, §304(e), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 293; amended Pub. L. 100–204, title II, §203, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1373; Pub. L. 101–246, title II, §208, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 53; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIV, §2412, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–832.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Mutual Education and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (b)(7), probably means the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, which is classified principally to chapter 33 (§2451 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2451 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–277 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31 or any other law or limitation of authority, fees received by or for the use of the United States Information Agency from or in connection with English-teaching and library services, and Agency-produced publications, and not to exceed $100,000 of payments from motion picture and television programs, produced or conducted by or on behalf of the Agency under the authority of this chapter or the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 is authorized to be credited each fiscal year to the appropriate appropriation of the United States Information Agency to such extent as may be provided in advance in an appropriation Act."

1990—Pub. L. 101–246 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 3302(b) of title 31 or any other law or limitation of authority, all payments received by or for the use of the United States Information Agency from or in connection with English-teaching and library services conducted by or on behalf of the Agency under the authority of this chapter or the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 may be credited to the Agency's applicable appropriation to such extent as may be provided in advance in an appropriation Act."

1987—Pub. L. 100–204 amended section generally, changing structure of section from one consisting of subsecs. (a) and (b) to one consisting of one paragraph.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title.

1 So in original. The word "and" probably should appear at end of par. (6).
22 U.S.C. § 9753 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 104: VENEZUELA ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VI: RESTORING THE RULE OF LAW IN VENEZUELA / Section 9753: Countering Russian influence in Venezuela
Countering Russian influence in Venezuela
Status: in_force

(a) Short title

This section may be cited as the "Russian-Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act".

(b) Threat assessment and strategy to counter Russian influence in Venezuela

(1) Defined term

In this subsection, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(2) Threat assessment

Not later than 120 days after December 20, 2019, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding—

(A) an assessment of Russian-Venezuelan security cooperation;

(B) the potential threat such cooperation poses to the United States and countries in the Western Hemisphere; and

(C) a strategy to counter threats identified in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(c) Aliens ineligible for visas, admission, or parole

(1) Aliens described

An alien described in this paragraph is an alien who the Secretary of State or the Secretary of Homeland Security (or a designee of either Secretary) knows, or has reason to believe, is acting or has acted on behalf of the Government of Russia in direct support of the security forces of the Maduro regime.

(2) Visas, admission, or parole

An alien described in paragraph (1) is—

(A) inadmissible to the United States;

(B) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and

(C) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).

(3) Current visas revoked

(A) In general

An alien described in paragraph (1) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.

(B) Immediate effect

A revocation under subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) take effect immediately; and

(ii) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien's possession.

(4) Exceptions

Sanctions under paragraphs (2) and (3) shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary—

(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or

(B) to carry out or assist law enforcement activity in the United States.

(5) National security

The President may waive the application of this subsection with respect to an alien if the President—

(A) determines that such a waiver is in the national interest of the United States; and

(B) submits a notice of, and justification for, such waiver to the appropriate congressional committees.

(6) Sunset

This subsection shall terminate on the date that is 1 year after December 20, 2019.

(Pub. L. 116–94, div. J, title I, §165, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3043.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(C), is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, which is classified principally to chapter 12 (§1101 et seq.) of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables.
22 U.S.C. § 5851 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 67: FREEDOM FOR RUSSIA AND EMERGING EURASIAN DEMOCRACIES AND OPEN MARKETS SUPPORT / Subchapter IV: NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES / Section 5851: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that it is in the national security interest of the United States—

(1) to facilitate, on a priority basis—

(A) the transportation, storage, safeguarding, and destruction of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction of the independent states of the former Soviet Union;

(B) the prevention of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and destabilizing conventional weapons of the independent states, and the establishment of verifiable safeguards against the proliferation of such weapons;

(C) the prevention of diversion of weapons-related scientific expertise of the former Soviet Union to terrorist groups or third countries; and

(D) other efforts designed to reduce the military threat from the former Soviet Union;

(2) to support the conversion of the massive defense-related industry and equipment of the independent states of the former Soviet Union for civilian purposes and uses; and

(3) to expand military-to-military contacts between the United States and the independent states.

(Pub. L. 102–511, title V, §501, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3338.)
22 U.S.C. § 9611 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 103: BETTER UTILIZATION OF INVESTMENTS LEADING TO DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: ESTABLISHMENT / Section 9611: Statement of policy
Statement of policy
Status: in_force

It is the policy of the United States to facilitate market-based private sector development and inclusive economic growth in less developed countries through the provision of credit, capital, and other financial support—

(1) to mobilize private capital in support of sustainable, broad-based economic growth, poverty reduction, and development through demand-driven partnerships with the private sector that further the foreign policy interests of the United States;

(2) to finance development that builds and strengthens civic institutions, promotes competition, and provides for public accountability and transparency;

(3) to help private sector actors overcome identifiable market gaps and inefficiencies without distorting markets;

(4) to achieve clearly defined economic and social development outcomes;

(5) to coordinate with institutions with purposes similar to the purposes of the Corporation to leverage resources of those institutions to produce the greatest impact;

(6) to provide countries a robust alternative to state-directed investments by authoritarian governments and United States strategic competitors using best practices with respect to transparency and environmental and social safeguards, and which take into account the debt sustainability of partner countries;

(7) to leverage private sector capabilities and innovative development tools to help countries transition from recipients of bilateral development assistance toward increased self-reliance; and

(8) to complement and be guided by overall United States foreign policy, development, and national security objectives, taking into account the priorities and needs of countries receiving support.

(Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title I, §1411, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3486.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Enhancement of Nongovernmental Sector in Poland and Hungary

Pub. L. 101–179, title III, §302(b), Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1311, provided that: "In accordance with its mandate to foster private initiative and competition and enhance the ability of private enterprise to make its full contribution to the development process, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation shall support projects in Poland and Hungary which will result in enhancement of the nongovernmental sector and reduction of state involvement in the economy."

[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to the United States International Development Finance Corporation and treatment of related references, see sections 9683 and 9686(d) of this title.]

Pub. L. 101–179, title III, §302(c), Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1311, provided that: "If the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 [Pub. L. 101–167], contains the same amendment that is made by subsection (a) of this section [amending former section 2199(f) of this title by inserting ", Poland, Hungary," after "Yugoslavia"], the amendment made by that Act shall not be effective."
22 U.S.C. § 284s (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter XIII: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION / Section 284s: Ninth replenishment
Ninth replenishment
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The United States Governor is hereby authorized to agree on behalf of the United States to pay to the Association $3,180,000,000 to the ninth replenishment of the resources of the Association, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations.

(b) Limitations on authorization of appropriations

In order to pay for the United States contribution provided for in subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, $3,180,000,000 for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(Pub. L. 86–565, §21, as added Pub. L. 101–513, title V, §562(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2032.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Subsequent Replenishments

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §594], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–122, provided in part that the Secretary of the Treasury may contribute on behalf of the United States to the twelfth replenishment of the International Development Association, and authorized $2,410,000,000 to be appropriated without fiscal year limitation.

Pub. L. 105–118, title V, §560(a), Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2425, provided in part that the Secretary of the Treasury may contribute on behalf of the United States to the eleventh replenishment of the resources of the International Development Association, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations, and authorized $1,600,000,000 to be appropriated without fiscal year limitation.

Pub. L. 103–87, title V, §526, Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 952, provided in part that the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to agree on behalf of the United States to participate in the tenth replenishment of the resources of the International Development Association, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations, and pursuant to the tenth replenishment authorized $2,500,000,000 to be appropriated.
22 U.S.C. § 6442a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 73: INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM / Subchapter III: PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS / Section 6442a: Non-state actor designations
Non-state actor designations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President, concurrent with the annual foreign country review required under section 402(b)(1)(A) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6442(b)(1)(A)), shall—

(1) review and identify any non-state actors operating in any such reviewed country or surrounding region that have engaged in particularly severe violations of religious freedom; and

(2) designate, in a manner consistent with such Act [22 U.S.C. 6401 et seq.], each such non-state actor as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom.

(b) Report

Whenever the President designates a non-state actor under subsection (a) as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom, the President, as soon as practicable after the designation is made, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the reasons for such designation.

(c) Actions

The President should take specific actions, when practicable, to address severe violations of religious freedom of non-state actors that are designated under subsection (a)(2).

(d) Department of State annual report

The Secretary of State should include information detailing the reasons the President designated a non-state actor as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under subsection (a) in the Annual Report required under section 102(b)(1) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6412(b)(1)).

(e) Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the Secretary of State should work with Congress and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom—

(A) to create new political, financial, and diplomatic tools to address severe violations of religious freedom by non-state actors; and

(B) to update the actions the President can take under section 405 of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6445);

(2) governments must ultimately be held accountable for the abuses that occur in their territories; and

(3) any actions the President takes after designating a non-state actor as an entity of particular concern should also involve high-level diplomacy with the government of the country in which the non-state actor is operating.

(f) Determinations of responsible parties

In order to appropriately target Presidential actions under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6401 et seq.), the President, with respect to each non-state actor designated as an entity of particular concern for religious freedom under subsection (a), shall seek to determine, to the extent practicable, the specific officials or members that are responsible for the particularly severe violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by such non-state actor.

(g) Definitions

In this section, the terms "appropriate congressional committees", "non-state actor", and "particularly severe violations of religious freedom" have the meanings given such terms in section 3 of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6402), as amended by section 3 of this Act.

(Pub. L. 114–281, title III, §301, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1433.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (f), is Pub. L. 105–292, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2787, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6401 of this title and Tables.

Section 3 of this Act, referred to in subsec. (g), means section 3 of Pub. L. 114–281, which amended section 6402 of this title.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Frank R. Wolf International Religious Freedom Act, and not as part of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 which comprises this chapter.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Responsibilities Under the Frank R. Wolf International Religious Freedom Act of 2016

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 9, 2018, 83 F.R. 3935, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the functions and authorities vested in the President by section 301 of the Frank R. Wolf International Religious Freedom Act (Public Law 114–281) (the "Act") [22 U.S.C. 6442a].

This memorandum's reference to the Act shall be deemed to be a reference to the Act as amended from time to time.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Donald J. Trump.
22 U.S.C. § 276d (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 7: INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESSES, ETC. / Subchapter I: CANADA-UNITED STATES INTERPARLIAMENTARY GROUP / Section 276d: United States group; appointment; term; meetings
United States group; appointment; term; meetings
Status: in_force

Not to exceed twenty-four Members of Congress shall be appointed to meet jointly and at least annually and when Congress is not in session (except that this restriction shall not apply during the first session of the Eighty-sixth Congress or to meetings held in the United States) with representatives of the House of Commons and Senate of the Canadian Parliament for discussion of common problems in the interests of relations between the United States and Canada. Of the Members of the Congress to be appointed for the purposes of this subchapter (hereinafter designated as the United States group) half shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House from Members of the House (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign Affairs Committee), and half shall be appointed by the President of the Senate upon recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the Senate from Members of the Senate (not less than four of whom shall be from the Foreign Relations Committee).

Such appointments shall be for the period of each meeting of the Canada-United States Interparliamentary group except for the four members of the Foreign Affairs Committee and the four members of the Foreign Relations Committee, whose appointments shall be for the duration of each Congress.

The Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation shall be a Member from the Foreign Affairs Committee, and, unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation shall be a Member from the Foreign Relations Committee.

(Pub. L. 86–42, §1, June 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 95–45, §4(a), June 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 103–437, §9(a)(3), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Foreign Affairs" for "International Relations" wherever appearing.

1977—Pub. L. 95–45 substituted "International Relations Committee" for "Foreign Affairs Committee" as the name of the House Committee from which not less than four of the House appointees must be drawn, inserted requirement that the appointment of the Senate appointees by the President of the Senate be made upon the recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the Senate, and inserted provision that the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the House delegation be a Member from the International Relations Committee, and, unless the President of the Senate, upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader, determines otherwise, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Senate delegation be a Member from the Foreign Relations Committee.
22 U.S.C. § 4101 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 52: FOREIGN SERVICE / Subchapter X: LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS / Section 4101: Congressional findings and policy
Congressional findings and policy
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that—

(1) experience in both private and public employment indicates that the statutory protection of the right of workers to organize, bargain collectively, and participate through labor organizations of their own choosing in decisions which affect them—

(A) safeguards the public interest,

(B) contributes to the effective conduct of public business, and

(C) facilitates and encourages the amicable settlement of disputes between workers and their employers involving conditions of employment;

(2) the public interest demands the highest standards of performance by members of the Service and the continuous development and implementation of modern and progressive work practices to facilitate improved performance and efficiency; and

(3) the unique conditions of Foreign Service employment require a distinct framework for the development and implementation of modern, constructive, and cooperative relationships between management officials and organizations representing members of the Service.

Therefore, labor organizations and collective bargaining in the Service are in the public interest and are consistent with the requirement of an effective and efficient Government. The provisions of this subchapter should be interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirement of an effective and efficient Government.

(Pub. L. 96–465, title I, §1001, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2128.)
22 U.S.C. § 1411 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 17: RELIEF AID TO WAR-DEVASTATED COUNTRIES / Section 1411: Repealed. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §542(a)(2), (3), 68 Stat. 861
Repealed. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, §542(a)(2), (3), 68 Stat. 861
Status: repealed

Section 1411, acts May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §1, 61 Stat. 125; Dec. 17, 1947, ch. 520, §16(a), 61 Stat. 939; Apr. 5, 1952, ch. 159, §1, 66 Stat. 43, related to appropriation; uses; establishment of relief distribution missions; limitations on amounts; and advances by R.F.C.

Section 1412, act May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §2, 61 Stat. 125, related to relief assistance. See sections 2354, 2385, and 2392 of this title.

Section 1413, act May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §3, 61 Stat. 126, prescribed conditions governing relief assistance. See section 2171 et seq. of this title.

Section 1414, act May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §4, 61 Stat. 127, related to supervision of relief supplies in recipient countries; appointment, compensation, and duties of field administrator; and delegation of President's authority. See sections 2381 and 2385 of this title.

Section 1415, act May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §5, 61 Stat. 127, related to termination of relief by President or Congress. See section 2367 of this title.

Section 1416, act May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §6, 61 Stat. 128, related to sale of relief supplies by recipient country; establishment of special account as revolving fund; termination; and disposition of balance.

Section 1417, act May 31, 1947, ch. 90, §7, 61 Stat. 128, required the President to submit quarterly reports to Congress. See section 2394 of this title.

See section 2151 et seq. of this title.

Foreign Aid Act of 1947, act Dec. 17, 1947, ch. 520, §§1–18, 61 Stat. 934, which provided immediate aid urgently needed by peoples of Austria, China, France, and Italy and which was formerly set out as a note under former section 1411 of this title, was repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, §542(a)(3).
22 U.S.C. § 9011 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 97: INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION REMEDIES / Section 9011: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of the Convention and this chapter.

(Pub. L. 100–300, §12, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 442.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act" meaning Pub. L. 100–300, Apr. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 437, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note under section 9001 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 11610 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
22 U.S.C. § 2770a (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 39: ARMS EXPORT CONTROL / Subchapter II: FOREIGN MILITARY SALES AUTHORIZATIONS / Section 2770a: Exchange of training and related support
Exchange of training and related support
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization; eligibility; scope

Subject to subsection (b), the President may provide training and related support to military and civilian defense personnel of a friendly foreign country or an international organization. Such training and related support shall be provided by a Secretary of a military department and may include the provision of transportation, food services, health services, and logistics and the use of facilities and equipment.

(b) Reciprocal arrangements; reimbursement

Training and related support may be provided under this section only pursuant to an agreement or other arrangement providing for the provision by the recipient foreign country or international organization, on a reciprocal basis, of comparable training and related support to military and civilian personnel under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the military department providing the training and related support under this section. Such reciprocal training and related support must be provided within a reasonable period of time (which may not be more than one year) of the provision of training and related support by the United States. To the extent that a foreign country or international organization to which training and related support is provided under this section does not provide such comparable training and related support to the United States within a reasonable period of time, that country or international organization shall be required to reimburse the United States for the full costs of the training and related support provided by the United States.

(c) Regulations

Training and related support under this section shall be provided under regulations prescribed by the President.

(d) Report to Congress

Not later than February 1 of each year, the President shall submit to the Congress a report on the activities conducted pursuant to this section during the preceding fiscal year, including the estimated full costs of the training and related support provided by the United States to each country and international organization and the estimated value of the training and related support provided to the United States by that country or international organization.

(Pub. L. 90–629, ch. 2C, §30A, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title I, §116, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 201.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amendment note under section 2151–1 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of the President under this section, see section 1(d) of Ex. Ord. No. 13637, Mar. 8, 2013, 78 F.R. 16129, set out as a note under section 2751 of this title. Functions were previously delegated by Ex. Ord. No. 11958, which was formerly set out as a note under section 2751 of this title and was revoked, subject to a savings provision, by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 13637.
22 U.S.C. § 2151e (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT / Section 2151e: Appropriate technology
Appropriate technology
Status: in_force

(a) In carrying out activities under this part, the President shall place special emphasis on the use of relatively smaller, cost-saving, labor-using technologies that are generally most appropriate for the small farms, small businesses, and small incomes of the poor.

(b) Funds made available to carry out this part should be used to the extent practicable for activities in the field of appropriate technology, including support of an expanded and coordinated private effort to promote the development and dissemination of appropriate technology in developing countries.

(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §107, as added Pub. L. 94–161, title III, §306(2), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 859; amended Pub. L. 95–424, title I, §107, Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 947.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2151e, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, §107, as added Pub. L. 93–189, §2(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 715, authorized additional appropriations of $39,000,000 for fiscal years 1974, and 1975, for assistance to select countries and organizations in support of general economy of recipient countries as for development programs conducted by private international organizations, prior to repeal by section 306(1) of Pub. L. 94–161. See section 2151d of this title.

Amendments

1978—Pub. L. 95–424 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provisions mandating that the President place special emphasis on the use of relatively smaller, cost-saving, labor-using technologies generally more appropriate for small farms, small businesses and small incomes of the poor, for provisions authorizing the use of $20,000,000 for activities in the field of intermediate technology, directing the Agency for International Development to prepare a proposal to carry out this section and to keep Congress informed, and to implement such proposal, and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title.
22 U.S.C. § 2305 (2024) — Title 22: FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE / Chapter 32: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SALES / Section 2305: National Security Assistance Strategy
National Security Assistance Strategy
Status: in_force

(a) Multiyear plan

Not later than 180 days after October 6, 2000, and annually thereafter at the time of submission of the congressional presentation materials of the foreign operations appropriations budget request, the Secretary of State should submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a plan setting forth a National Security Assistance Strategy for the United States.

(b) Elements of the Strategy

The National Security Assistance Strategy should—

(1) set forth a multi-year plan for security assistance programs;

(2) be consistent with the National Security Strategy of the United States;

(3) be coordinated with the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff;

(4) be prepared, in consultation with other agencies, as appropriate;

(5) identify overarching security assistance objectives, including identification of the role that specific security assistance programs will play in achieving such objectives;

(6) identify a primary security assistance objective, as well as specific secondary objectives, for individual countries;

(7) identify, on a country-by-country basis, how specific resources will be allocated to accomplish both primary and secondary objectives;

(8) discuss how specific types of assistance, such as foreign military financing and international military education and training, will be combined at the country level to achieve United States objectives; and

(9) detail, with respect to each of the paragraphs (1) through (8), how specific types of assistance provided pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act [22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] are coordinated with United States assistance programs managed by the Department of Defense and other agencies.

(c) Covered assistance

The National Security Assistance Strategy should cover assistance provided under—

(1) section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763);

(2) chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.); and

(3) section 516 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2321j].

(Pub. L. 106–280, title V, §501, Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 854.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(9), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, which is classified principally to chapter 39 (§2751 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2751 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsecs. (b)(9) and (c)(2), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424, which is classified principally to this chapter. Chapter 5 of part II of the Act is classified generally to part V (§2347 et seq.) of subchapter II of this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Security Assistance Act of 2000, and not as part of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definition

Pub. L. 106–280, §2, Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 846, provided that: "In this Act [see Short Title of 2000 Amendments note set out under section 2151 of this title], the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives."