12 U.S.C. § 343 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter IX: POWERS AND DUTIES OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS / Section 343: Discount of obligations arising out of actual commercial transactions
Discount of obligations arising out of actual commercial transactions
Status: in_force

Upon the indorsement of any of its member banks, which shall be deemed a waiver of demand, notice and protest by such bank as to its own indorsement exclusively, any Federal reserve bank may discount notes, drafts, and bills of exchange arising out of actual commercial transactions; that is, notes, drafts, and bills of exchange issued or drawn for agricultural, industrial, or commercial purposes, or the proceeds of which have been used, or are to be used, for such purposes, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to have the right to determine or define the character of the paper thus eligible for discount, within the meaning of this chapter. Nothing in this chapter contained shall be construed to prohibit such notes, drafts, and bills of exchange, secured by staple agricultural products, or other goods, wares, or merchandise from being eligible for such discount, and the notes, drafts, and bills of exchange of factors issued as such making advances exclusively to producers of staple agricultural products in their raw state shall be eligible for such discount; but such definition shall not include notes, drafts, or bills covering merely investments or issued or drawn for the purpose of carrying or trading in stocks, bonds, or other investment securities, except bonds and notes of the Government of the United States. Notes, drafts, and bills admitted to discount under the terms of this paragraph must have a maturity at the time of discount of not more than ninety days, exclusive of grace.

(3)(A) 1 In unusual and exigent circumstances, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, by the affirmative vote of not less than five members, may authorize any Federal reserve bank, during such periods as the said board may determine, at rates established in accordance with the provisions of section 357 of this title, to discount for any participant in any program or facility with broad-based eligibility, notes, drafts, and bills of exchange when such notes, drafts, and bills of exchange are indorsed or otherwise secured to the satisfaction of the Federal reserve bank: Provided, That before discounting any such note, draft, or bill of exchange, the Federal reserve bank shall obtain evidence that such participant in any program or facility with broad-based eligibility is unable to secure adequate credit accommodations from other banking institutions. All such discounts for any participant in any program or facility with broad-based eligibility shall be subject to such limitations, restrictions, and regulations as the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may prescribe.

(B)(i) As soon as is practicable after July 21, 2010, the Board shall establish, by regulation, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the policies and procedures governing emergency lending under this paragraph. Such policies and procedures shall be designed to ensure that any emergency lending program or facility is for the purpose of providing liquidity to the financial system, and not to aid a failing financial company, and that the security for emergency loans is sufficient to protect taxpayers from losses and that any such program is terminated in a timely and orderly fashion. The policies and procedures established by the Board shall require that a Federal reserve bank assign, consistent with sound risk management practices and to ensure protection for the taxpayer, a lendable value to all collateral for a loan executed by a Federal reserve bank under this paragraph in determining whether the loan is secured satisfactorily for purposes of this paragraph.

(ii) The Board shall establish procedures to prohibit borrowing from programs and facilities by borrowers that are insolvent. Such procedures may include a certification from the chief executive officer (or other authorized officer) of the borrower, at the time the borrower initially borrows under the program or facility (with a duty by the borrower to update the certification if the information in the certification materially changes), that the borrower is not insolvent. A borrower shall be considered insolvent for purposes of this subparagraph, if the borrower is in bankruptcy, resolution under title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act [12 U.S.C. 5381 et seq.], or any other Federal or State insolvency proceeding.

(iii) A program or facility that is structured to remove assets from the balance sheet of a single and specific company, or that is established for the purpose of assisting a single and specific company avoid bankruptcy, resolution under title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or any other Federal or State insolvency proceeding, shall not be considered a program or facility with broad-based eligibility.

(iv) The Board may not establish any program or facility under this paragraph without the prior approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.

(C) The Board shall provide to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives—

(i) not later than 7 days after the Board authorizes any loan or other financial assistance under this paragraph, a report that includes—

(I) the justification for the exercise of authority to provide such assistance;

(II) the identity of the recipients of such assistance;

(III) the date and amount of the assistance, and form in which the assistance was provided; and

(IV) the material terms of the assistance, including—

(aa) duration;

(bb) collateral pledged and the value thereof;

(cc) all interest, fees, and other revenue or items of value to be received in exchange for the assistance;

(dd) any requirements imposed on the recipient with respect to employee compensation, distribution of dividends, or any other corporate decision in exchange for the assistance; and

(ee) the expected costs to the taxpayers of such assistance; and

(ii) once every 30 days, with respect to any outstanding loan or other financial assistance under this paragraph, written updates on—

(I) the value of collateral;

(II) the amount of interest, fees, and other revenue or items of value received in exchange for the assistance; and

(III) the expected or final cost to the taxpayers of such assistance.

(D) The information required to be submitted to Congress under subparagraph (C) related to—

(i) the identity of the participants in an emergency lending program or facility commenced under this paragraph;

(ii) the amounts borrowed by each participant in any such program or facility;

(iii) identifying details concerning the assets or collateral held by, under, or in connection with such a program or facility,

shall be kept confidential, upon the written request of the Chairman of the Board, in which case such information shall be made available only to the Chairpersons or Ranking Members of the Committees described in subparagraph (C).

(E) If an entity to which a Federal reserve bank has provided a loan under this paragraph becomes a covered financial company, as defined in section 201 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act [12 U.S.C. 5381], at any time while such loan is outstanding, and the Federal reserve bank incurs a realized net loss on the loan, then the Federal reserve bank shall have a claim equal to the amount of the net realized loss against the covered entity, with the same priority as an obligation to the Secretary of the Treasury under section 210(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act [12 U.S.C. 5390(b)].

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §13 (pars.), 38 Stat. 263; Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 461, 39 Stat. 752; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title IV, §402, 42 Stat. 1478; July 21, 1932, ch. 520, §210, 47 Stat. 715; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), title III, §322, 49 Stat. 704, 714; Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §473, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2386; Pub. L. 111–203, title XI, §1101(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2113.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in the first par., was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, referred to in par. (3)(B)(ii), (iii), is Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1376. Title II of the Act is classified principally to subchapter II (§5381 et seq.) of chapter 53 of this title. For complete classification of the Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section is comprised of the second par. and par. (3) of section 13 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Act Mar. 4, 1923, split the second par. of section 13, as amended in 1916 (39 Stat. 752), into two pars., the first of which constitutes the first par. of this section and the second of which constitutes section 344 of this title. Act July 21, 1932, added the second par. of this section which was designated to follow the second par. of section 13. Pub. L. 111–203, §1101(a)(1), designated the second par. as par. (3). For classification to this title of other pars. of section 13, see Codification note set out under section 342 of this title.

Amendments

2010—Pub. L. 111–203, §1101(a)(1)–(4), designated second par. as par. (3)(A), substituted "any participant in any program or facility with broad-based eligibility" for "any individual, partnership, or corporation", "bill of exchange," for "bill of exchange for an individual or a partnership or corporation", and "such participant in any program or facility with broad-based eligibility" for "such individual, partnership, or corporation".

Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 111–203, §1101(a)(5), which directed substitution of "for any participant in any program or facility with broad-based eligibility" for "for individuals, partnerships, corporations", was executed by making the substitution for "for individuals, partnerships, or corporations", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Par. (3)(B) to (E). Pub. L. 111–203, §1101(a)(6), added subpars. (B) to (E).

1991—Pub. L. 102–242 struck out "of the kinds and maturities made eligible for discount for member banks under other provisions of this chapter" after first reference to "bills of exchange" in second par.

1935—Act Aug. 23, 1935, §322, substituted words immediately preceding proviso for "indorsed and otherwise secured to the satisfaction of the Federal reserve bank."

1932—Act July 21, 1932, added second par.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.

Construction of Div. N of Pub. L. 116–260

Pub. L. 116–260, div. N, title X, §1006, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2147, provided that: "Except as expressly set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (c) of section 4029 of the CARES Act [15 U.S.C. 9063(c)(1), (2)], as added by this Act, nothing in this Act [div. N of Pub. L. 116–260, see Tables for classification] shall be construed to modify or limit the authority of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System under section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 343(3)) as of the day before the date of enactment of the CARES Act (Public Law 116–136) [Mar. 27, 2020]."

References to Third Undesignated Paragraph Deemed To Be References to Paragraph (3)

Pub. L. 111–203, title XI, §1101(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2115, provided that: "On and after the date of enactment of this Act [July 21, 2010], any reference in any provision of Federal law to the third undesignated paragraph of section 13 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 343) shall be deemed to be a reference to section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act [12 U.S.C. 343(3)], as so designated by this section."

1 So in original.
12 U.S.C. § 371 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter X: POWERS AND DUTIES OF MEMBER BANKS / Section 371: Real estate loans
Real estate loans
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization to make real estate loans; orders, rules, and regulations of Comptroller of the Currency

Any national banking association may make, arrange, purchase or sell loans or extensions of credit secured by liens on interests in real estate, subject to section 1828(o) of this title and such restrictions and requirements as the Comptroller of the Currency may prescribe by regulation or order.

(b) Eligibility for discount as commercial paper of notes representing loans financing construction of residential or farm buildings; prerequisites

Notes representing loans made under this section to finance the construction of residential or farm buildings and having maturities not to exceed nine months shall be eligible for discount as commercial paper within the terms of the first paragraph of section 343 of this title if accompanied by a valid and binding agreement to advance the full amount of the loan upon the completion of the building entered into by an individual, partnership, association, or corporation acceptable to the discounting bank.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §24, 38 Stat. 273; Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 461, 39 Stat. 754; Feb. 25, 1927, ch. 191, §16, 44 Stat. 1232; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, §505, 48 Stat. 1263; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §208, title III, §328, 49 Stat. 706, 717; Mar. 28, 1941, ch. 31, §8, 55 Stat. 62; July 22, 1937, ch. 517, §15(a), as added Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §5, 60 Stat. 1079; May 25, 1948, ch. 334, §9, 62 Stat. 265; Oct. 25, 1949, ch. 729, §6, 63 Stat. 906; Apr. 20, 1950, ch. 94, title V, §502, 64 Stat. 80; Sept. 1, 1951, ch. 378, title II, §207, title V, §503, 65 Stat. 303, 312; Aug. 15, 1953, ch. 510, 67 Stat. 613; July 22, 1954, ch. 561, 68 Stat. 525; Aug. 28, 1937, ch. 870, §10(f), as added Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 751, §1(4), 68 Stat. 736; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 781, §§1, 2, 69 Stat. 633, 634; Pub. L. 85–536, §3, July 18, 1958, 72 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 86–251, §4, Sept. 9, 1959, 73 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 87–70, title VIII, §804(c), title IX, §902, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 188, 191; Pub. L. 87–717, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 662; Pub. L. 88–341, June 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 233; Pub. L. 88–560, title X, §1004, Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 807; Pub. L. 89–117, title II, §201(b)(2), title XI, §1111, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 465, 509; Pub. L. 89–754, title V, §504(a)(2), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1277; Pub. L. 90–19, §26, May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 90–448, title IV, §416(b), title XVII, §1718, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 518, 609; Pub. L. 91–351, title VII, §704, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 91–609, title VII, §727(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1803; Pub. L. 93–383, title VII, §711, title VIII, §802(i)(1), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 716, 725; Pub. L. 97–320, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1510; Pub. L. 102–242, title III, §304(b), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2354.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–242 substituted "section 1828(o) of this title and such restrictions and requirements as the Comptroller of the Currency may prescribe by regulation or order" for "such terms, conditions, and limitations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller of the Currency by order, rule, or regulation".

1982—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–320 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment subsec. (a) read as follows:

"(1) Any national banking association may make real estate loans, secured by liens upon unimproved real estate, upon improved real estate, including improved farmland and improved business and residential properties, and upon real estate to be improved by a building or buildings to be constructed or in the process of construction, in an amount which when added to the amount unpaid upon prior mortgages, liens, encumbrances, if any, upon such real estate does not exceed the respective proportions of appraised value as provided in this section. A loan secured by real estate within the meaning of this section shall be in the form of an obligation or obligations secured by a mortgage, trust deed, or other instrument, which shall constitute a lien on real estate in fee or, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Comptroller of the Currency, on a leasehold under a lease which does not expire for at least ten years beyond the maturity date of the loan, and any national banking association may purchase or sell any obligations so secured in whole or in part. The amount of any such loan hereafter made shall not exceed 662/3 per centum of the appraised value if such real estate is unimproved, 75 per centum of the appraised value if such real estate is improved by offsite improvements such as streets, water, sewers, or other utilities, 75 per centum of the appraised value if such real estate is in the process of being improved by a building or buildings to be constructed or in the process of construction, or 90 per centum of the appraised value if such real estate is improved by a building or buildings. If any such loan exceeds 75 per centum of the appraised value of the real estate or if the real estate is improved with a one- to four-family dwelling, installment payments shall be required which are sufficient to amortize the entire principal of the loan within a period of not more than thirty years.

"(2) The limitations and restrictions set forth in paragraph (1) shall not prevent the renewal or extension of loans heretofore made and shall not apply to real estate loans (A) which are insured under the provisions of the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], (B) which are insured by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to title I of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, or the Act of August 28, 1937, as amended, or title V of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended, [42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.], or (C) which are guaranteed by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, for the payment of the obligations of which the full faith and credit of the United States is pledged, and such limitations and restrictions shall not apply to real estate loans which are fully guaranteed or insured by a State, or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or by a State authority for the payment of the obligations of which the faith and credit of the State is pledged, if under the terms of the guaranty or insurance agreement the association will be assured of repayment in accordance with the terms of the loan, or to any loan at least 20 per centum of which is guaranteed under chapter 37 of title 38, or to obligations guaranteed under section 1440 of title 42.

"(3) Loans which are guaranteed or insured as described in paragraph (2) shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of real estate loans which a national banking association may make in relation to its capital and surplus or its time and savings deposits or in determining, the amount of real estate loans secured by other than first liens. Where the collateral for any loan consists partly of real estate security and partly of other security, including a guaranty or endorsement by or an obligation or commitment of a person other than the borrower, only the amount by which the loan exceeds the value as collateral of such other security shall be considered a loan upon the security of real estate, and in no event shall a loan be considered as a real estate loan where there is a valid and binding agreement which is entered into by a financially responsible lender or other party either directly with the association or which is for the benefit of or has been assigned to the association and pursuant to which agreement the lender or other party is required to advance to the association within sixty months from the date of the making of such loan the full amount of the loan to be made by the association upon the security of real estate. Except as otherwise provided, no such association shall make real estate loans in an aggregate sum in excess of the amount of the capital stock of such association paid in and unimpaired plus the amount of its unimpaired surplus fund, or in excess of the amount of its time and savings deposits, whichever is greater: Provided, That the amount unpaid upon real estate loans secured by other than first liens, when added to the amount unpaid upon prior mortgages, liens, and encumbrances, shall not exceed in an aggregate sum 20 per centum of the amount of the capital stock of such association paid in and unimpaired plus 20 per centum of the amount of its unimpaired surplus fund."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–320 redesignated subsec. (d) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) "Any national banking association may make real estate loans secured by liens upon forest tracts which are properly managed in all respects. Such loans shall be in the form of an obligation or obligations secured by mortgage, trust deed, or other such instrument; and any national banking association may purchase or sell any obligations so secured in whole or in part. The amount of any such loan, when added to the amount unpaid upon prior mortgages, liens, and encumbrances, if any, shall not exceed 662/3 per centum of the appraised fair market value of the growing timber, lands, and improvements thereon offered as security and the loan shall be made upon such terms and conditions as to assure that at no time shall the loan balance, when added to the amount unpaid upon prior mortgages, liens, and encumbrances, if any, exceed 662/3 per centum of the original appraised total value of the property then remaining. No such loan shall be made for a longer term than three years; except that any such loan may be made for a term not longer than fifteen years if the loan is secured by an amortized mortgage, deed of trust, or other such instrument under the terms of which the installment payments are sufficient to amortize the principal of the loan within a period of not more than fifteen years and at a rate at least 62/3 per centum per annum. All such loans secured by liens upon forest tracts shall be included in the permissible aggregate of all real estate loans and, when secured by other than first liens, in the permissible aggregate of all real estate loans secured by other than first liens, prescribed in subsection (a) of this section, but no national banking association shall make forest tract loans in an aggregate sum in excess of 50 per centum of its capital stock paid in and unimpaired plus 50 per centum of its unimpaired surplus fund."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–320 struck out subsec. (c) "Loans made to finance the construction of a building or buildings and having maturities of not to exceed sixty months where there is a valid and binding agreement entered into by a financially responsible lender or other party to advance the full amount of the bank's loan upon completion of the building or buildings, and loans made to finance the construction of residential or farm buildings and having maturities of not to exceed sixty months, may be considered as real estate loans if the loans qualify under this section, or such loans may be classed as commercial loans whether or not secured by a mortgage or similar lien on the real estate upon which the building or buildings are being constructed, at the option of each national banking association that may have an interest in such loan: Provided, That no national banking association shall invest in, or be liable on, any such loans classed as commercial loans under this subsection in an aggregate amount in excess of 100 per centum of its actually paid-in and unimpaired capital plus 100 per centum of its unimpaired surplus fund."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–320 redesignated subsec. (d) as (b).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–320 struck out subsec. (e) "Loans made to any borrower (i) where the association looks for repayment by relying primarily on the borrower's general credit standing and forecast of income, with or without other security, or (ii) secured by an assignment of rents under a lease, and where, in either case described in clause (i) or (ii) above, the association wishes to take a mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument upon real estate (whether or not constituting a first lien) as a precaution against contingencies, and loans in which the Small Business Administration cooperates through agreements to participate on an immediate or deferred or guaranteed basis under the Small Business Act [15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.], shall not be considered as real estate loans within the meaning of this section but shall be classed as commercial loans."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–320 struck out subsec. (f) "Any national banking association may make loans upon the security of real estate that do not comply with the limitations and restrictions in this section, if the total unpaid amount loaned, exclusive of loans which subsequently comply with such limitations and restrictions, does not exceed 10 per centum of the amount that a national banking association may invest in real estate loans. The total unpaid amount so loaned shall be included in the aggregate sum that such association may invest in real estate loans."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–320 struck out subsec. (g) "Loans made pursuant to this section shall be subject to such conditions and limitations as the Comptroller of the Currency may prescribe by rule or regulation."

1974—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–383, §§711, 802(i)(1), designated unlettered first par. as subsec. (a), substantially revised provisions relating to real estate loans by associations, and inserted reference to obligations guaranteed by section 1440 of title 42.

Subsecs. (b) to (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §711, designated unlettered second, third, fourth, and fifth pars. as subsecs. (b) to (f) and substantially revised provisions relating to real estate loans secured by liens upon forest tracts, loans made to finance the construction of buildings, notes representing loans, repayment of loans, and waiver of restrictions and limitations.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–383, §711, added subsec. (g) authorizing the Comptroller of the Currency to prescribe rules and regulations relating to loans.

1970—Pub. L. 91–609 authorized national banks to invest in obligations guaranteed under part B of the Urban Growth and New Community Development Act of 1970.

Pub. L. 91–351 substituted in cl. (3) of third sentence of first par. "90 per centum" for "80 per centum" and "thirty years" for "twenty-five years", and in first sentence of third par. "sixty months" for "thirty-six months" wherever appearing.

1968—Pub. L. 90–448, §416(b), substituted "any national banking association may make loans or purchase obligations for land development which are secured by mortgages insured under title X of the National Housing Act or guaranteed under title IV of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968" for "any national banking association may make loans for land development which are secured by mortgages insured under title X of the National Housing Act" in first par.

Pub. L. 90–448, §1718, substituted "in whole or in part and at any time or times prior to the maturity of such obligation" for "when the entire amount of such obligation is sold to the association" wherever appearing in first and second pars., "thirty-six months" for "twenty-four months" in two places in second par., and "Loans made to any borrower (i) where the association looks for repayment by relying primarily on the borrower's general credit standing and forecast of income, with or without other security, or (ii) where the association relies on other security as collateral for the loans (including but not limited to a guaranty of a third party), and where, in either case described in clause (i) or (ii) above, the association wishes to take a mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument upon real estate (whether or not constituting a first lien) as a precaution against contingencies, such loans shall not be considered as real estate loans within the meaning of this section but shall be classed as ordinary non-real-estate loans" for "Loans made to manufacturing and industrial businesses where the association looks for repayment out of the operations of the borrower's business, relying primarily on the borrower's general credit standing and forecast of operations, with or without other security, but wishes to take a mortgage on the borrower's real estate as a precaution against contingencies, shall not be considered as real estate loans within the meaning of this section but shall be classed as ordinary commercial loans" in last par.

1967—Pub. L. 90–19 substituted "Secretary of Housing and Urban Development" for "Housing and Home Finance Administrator" in first sentence of fourth par.

1966—Pub. L. 89–754 permitted national banking associations to make loans for group practice facilities which are secured by mortgages insured under subchapter IX–B of chapter 13 of this title.

1965—Pub. L. 89–117 permitted national banking associations to make loans for land development which are secured by mortgages insured under title X of the National Housing Act and increased from 18 months to 24 months the maximum maturity of industrial, commercial, and residential construction loans.

1964—Pub. L. 88–560 substituted in cl. (3) of third sentence of first par. "80" for "75" per centum and "twenty-five" for "20" years.

Pub. L. 88–341 substituted "60 per centum of the appraised fair market value of the growing timber, lands, and improvements thereon" for "40 per centum of the appraised value of the economically marketable timber", "60 per centum of the original appraised total value of the property" for "40 per centum of the original appraised value of the economically marketable timber", increased the permissible loan term from 2 to 3 years in the case of unamortized loans, from 10 to 15 years in the case of amortized loans, and decreased the annual rate from 10 to 62/3 per centum.

1962—Pub. L. 87–717 increased aggregate real estate loan limitation from 60 to 70 per centum of a bank's time and savings deposits, and limitation on maturities for loans made to finance the construction of residential or farm buildings, from nine months or less to eighteen months or less.

1961—Pub. L. 87–70 inserted ", or title V of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended" after "sections 590r to 590x–3 of title 16" in first par., and in next to last par. inserted provisions permitting home improvement loans which are insured under section 1709(k) or 1715k(h) of this title to be made without regard to the first lien requirements of this section.

1959—Pub. L. 86–251, §4(a), substituted in second sentence of first par., "under a lease which does not expire for at least 10 years beyond the maturity date of the loan" for "(1) under a lease for not less than ninety-nine years which is renewable or (2) under a lease having a period of not less than fifty years to run from the date the loan is made or acquired by the national banking association".

Pub. L. 86–251, §4(b)(1), (2), added cl. (3) in third sentence of first par., redesignated former cl. (3) as cl. (4), and prohibited the application of the described limitations and restrictions to State-guaranteed loans.

Pub. L. 86–251, §4(c), inserted provisions in third par. classifying certain loans for construction of industrial or commercial buildings as ordinary commercial loans and authorized investments in or liability on loans in an amount that includes 100 per centum of its unimpaired surplus fund.

Pub. L. 86–251, §4(d), added par. classifying certain loans to manufacturing and industrial businesses as ordinary commercial loans.

1958—Pub. L. 85–536 amended fourth par. by striking out "or the Small Business Administration" after "Housing and Home Finance Administrator" and "or the Small Business Act of 1953" after "or 1701g–1 of this title", and inserting provisions exempting loans in which the Small Business Administration cooperates through agreements to participate on an immediate or deferred basis from the restrictions or limitations of this section imposed upon loans secured by real estate.

1955—Act Aug. 11, 1955, §1, amended first par. generally to increase the percentage of the loan to the appraised value of the property from 60 to 662/3 percent in the case of 40 percent amortized residential mortgage loans not exceeding a 10-year maturity, and to permit national banks to make a residential real-estate loan in an amount not to exceed 662/3 percent of the appraised value of the property and for a term not longer than 20 years.

Act Aug. 11, 1955, §2, amended third par. by increasing from 6 to 9 months construction loans for the purpose of financing residential or farm buildings.

1954—Act Aug. 17, 1954, amended third sentence of first par. by inserting ", or sections 590r to 590x–3 of title 16" after "sections 1001–1005d of title 7".

Act July 22, 1954, amended fourth par. by inserting references to the Small Business Administration and to the Small Business Act of 1953.

1953—Act Aug. 15, 1953, amended section by inserting new second par. to permit the making of real estate loans secured by first liens upon forest tracts which are properly managed.

1951—Act Sept. 1, 1951, §207, amended third sentence of first par. by inserting a reference to subchapter X of chapter 13 of this title.

Act Sept. 1, 1951, §503, amended third par. by inserting a reference to the Housing and Home Finance Administrator, and references to sections 1701g and 1701g–1 of this title.

1950—Act Apr. 20, 1950, amended third sentence of first par. by substituting "1748–1748g, or 1706c of this title" for "or 1748–1748g of this title".

1949—Joint Res. Oct. 25, 1949, amended first par. by striking out second sentence and inserting new second sentence, and by inserting "sections 1707–1715, 1736–1742, and 1748–1748g of this title" for "sections 1707–1715 and 1736–1742 of this title".

1948—Act May 25, 1948, amended third par. by striking out references to certain lending authority which the Corporation was granted under section 604(a) of title 15, as amended in 1947, and which it does not now have.

1946—Act Aug. 14, 1946, amended first par. by inserting "or which are insured by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to sections 1001–1005d of title 7".

1941—Act Mar. 28, 1941, amended third sentence of first par. by inserting reference to sections 1736 to 1742 of this title.

1935—Act Aug. 23, 1935, amended first par. and added third par.

1934—Act June 27, 1934, amended first par. and added second par.

1927—Act Feb. 25, 1927, amended first par.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–320, title IV, §403(c), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1511, provided that: "This section [amending this section and section 92 of this title] shall take effect upon the expiration of one hundred and eighty days after the date of its enactment [Oct. 15, 1982]."

Repeals

Repealing provisions of Consolidated Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961 as not having the effect of repealing the amendments to this section enacted by act July 22, 1937, §15(a), as added Aug. 14, 1946, and Aug. 28, 1937, §10(f), as added Aug. 17, 1954, see section 341(a) of Pub. L. 87–128, title III, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318, set out as a References in Other Laws note under section 1921 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Executive Documents

Exception as to Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, not included in transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 1 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 2286 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 24: FEDERAL FINANCING BANK / Section 2286: Approval of financing plans by Secretary of the Treasury
Approval of financing plans by Secretary of the Treasury
Status: in_force

(a) Method, source, timing, terms, and conditions of sale of obligations issued or sold by Federal agencies

To insure the orderly and coordinated marketing of Treasury and Federal agency obligations and appropriate financing planning with respect thereto, and to facilitate the effective financing of programs authorized by law subject to the applicable provisions of such law, the prior approval of the Secretary of the Treasury shall be required with respect to—

(1) the method of financing,

(2) the source of financing,

(3) the timing of financing in relation to market conditions and financing by other Federal agencies, and

(4) the financing terms and conditions, including rates of interest and maturities,

of obligations issued or sold by any Federal agency; except that the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury shall not be required with respect to (A) obligations issued or sold pursuant to an Act of Congress which expressly prohibits any guarantee of such obligations by the United States, and (B) obligations issued or sold by the Farmers Home Administration.

(b) Grant or denial of approval by Secretary

Upon receipt of a request from a Federal agency for his approval under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall act promptly either to grant his approval or to advise the agency of the reasons for withholding his approval. In no case shall the Secretary of the Treasury withhold such approval for a period longer than sixty days unless, prior to the end of such period, he submits to the Congress a detailed explanation of his reasons for so doing. In no case shall the Secretary withhold such approval for a period longer than one hundred and twenty days. To the maximum extent practicable, withholdings of approval shall be made in a manner which is not disproportionately detrimental to the functioning of any particular type of Federal program. Expedited treatment shall be accorded in any case in which the Federal agency advises the Secretary of the Treasury that unusual circumstances require such treatment.

(c) Time and form for submission of financing plans

Federal agencies subject to this section shall submit financing plans to the Secretary of the Treasury at such times and in such forms as he shall prescribe.

(Pub. L. 93–224, §7, Dec. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 938.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on expiration of 30 days after Dec. 29, 1973, see section 20 of Pub. L. 93–224, set out as a note under section 2281 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 4004 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 41: EXPEDITED FUNDS AVAILABILITY / Section 4004: Disclosure of funds availability policies
Disclosure of funds availability policies
Status: in_force

(a) Notice for new accounts

Before an account is opened at a depository institution, the depository institution shall provide written notice to the potential customer of the specific policy of such depository institution with respect to when a customer may withdraw funds deposited into the customer's account.

(b) Preprinted deposit slips

All preprinted deposit slips that a depository institution furnishes to its customers shall contain a summary notice, as prescribed by the Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, in regulations, that deposited items may not be available for immediate withdrawal.

(c) Mailing of notice

(1) First mailing after enactment

In the first regularly scheduled mailing to customers occurring after September 1, 1988, but not more than 60 days after September 1, 1988, each depository institution shall send a written notice containing the specific policy of such depository institution with respect to when a customer may withdraw funds deposited into such customer's account, unless the depository institution has provided a disclosure which meets the requirements of this section before September 1, 1988.

(2) Subsequent changes

A depository institution shall send a written notice to customers at least 30 days before implementing any change to the depository institution's policy with respect to when customers may withdraw funds deposited into consumer accounts, except that any change which expedites the availability of such funds shall be disclosed not later than 30 days after implementation.

(3) Upon request

Upon the request of any person, a depository institution shall provide or send such person a written notice containing the specific policy of such depository institution with respect to when a customer may withdraw funds deposited into a customer's account.

(d) Posting of notice

(1) Specific notice at manned teller stations

Each depository institution shall post, in a conspicuous place in each location where deposits are accepted by individuals employed by such depository institution, a specific notice which describes the time periods applicable to the availability of funds deposited in a consumer account.

(2) General notice at automated teller machines

In the case of any automated teller machine at which any funds are received for deposit in an account at any depository institution, the Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, shall prescribe, by regulations, that the owner or operator of such automated teller machine shall post or provide a general notice that funds deposited in such machine may not be immediately available for withdrawal.

(e) Notice of interest payment policy

If a depository institution described in section 4005(b) of this title begins the accrual of interest or dividends at a later date than the date described in section 4005(a) of this title with respect to all funds, including cash, deposited in an interest-bearing account at such depository institution, any notice required to be provided under subsections (a) and (c) shall contain a written description of the time at which such depository institution begins to accrue interest or dividends on such funds.

(f) Model disclosure forms

(1) Prepared by Board and Bureau

The Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, shall publish model disclosure forms and clauses for common transactions to facilitate compliance with the disclosure requirements of this section and to aid customers by utilizing readily understandable language.

(2) Use of forms to achieve compliance

A depository institution shall be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of this section if such institution—

(A) uses any appropriate model form or clause as published by the Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection,,1 or

(B) uses any such model form or clause and changes such form or clause by—

(i) deleting any information which is not required by this chapter; or

(ii) rearranging the format.

(3) Voluntary use

Nothing in this chapter requires the use of any such model form or clause prescribed by the Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, under this subsection.

(4) Notice and comment

Model disclosure forms and clauses shall be adopted by the Board, jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, only after notice duly given in the Federal Register and an opportunity for public comment in accordance with section 553 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 100–86, title VI, §605, Aug. 10, 1987, 101 Stat. 644; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1086(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2086.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

After enactment, referred to in the heading of subsec. (c)(1), probably means after the effective date of this section, which is Sept. 1, 1988.

Amendments

2010—Subsecs. (b), (d)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, §1086(c)(1), inserted ", jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection," after "Board".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 111–203, §1086(c)(2), inserted "and Bureau" after "Board" in heading.

Pub. L. 111–203, §1086(c)(1), inserted ", jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection," after "Board".

Subsec. (f)(2)(A), (3), (4). Pub. L. 111–203, §1086(c)(1), inserted ", jointly with the Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection," after "Board".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective Date

Section effective Sept. 1, 1988, see section 613(b) of Pub. L. 100–86, set out as a note under section 4001 of this title.

1 So in original.
12 U.S.C. § 2093 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter II: FARM CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS / Section 2093: General corporate powers
General corporate powers
Status: in_force

Each Federal land bank association shall be a body corporate and, subject to supervision of the Farm Credit Bank for the district and the regulation of the Farm Credit Administration, shall have the power to—

(1) adopt and use a corporate seal;

(2) have succession until dissolved under the provisions of this chapter or other Act of Congress;

(3) make contracts;

(4) sue and be sued;

(5) acquire, hold, dispose, and otherwise exercise all of the usual incidents of ownership of real estate and personal property necessary or convenient to the business of the association;

(6) operate under the direction of the board of directors of the association in accordance with this chapter;

(7) provide by its board of directors for a manager or other chief executive officer, and provide for such other officers or employees as may be necessary, including joint employees as provided in this chapter, define the duties of such, and require surety bonds or make other provision against losses occasioned by employees, except that no director shall, within one year after the date when such director ceases to be a member of the board, serve as a salaried employee of the association on the board of which such director served;

(8) prescribe, by its board of directors, its bylaws that shall be consistent with law, and that shall provide for—

(A) the classes of its stock and the manner in which such stock shall be issued, transferred, and retired; and

(B) the manner in which it is to—

(i) select officers and employees;

(ii) acquire, hold, and transfer property;

(iii) conduct general business; and

(iv) exercise and enjoy the privileges granted to it by law;

(9) accept applications for Farm Credit Bank loans and receive from such bank and disburse to the borrowers the proceeds of such loans;

(10) subscribe to stock of the Farm Credit Bank of the district;

(11) elect by its board of directors a loan committee with power to elect applicants for membership in the association and recommend loans to the Farm Credit Bank, or with the approval of the Farm Credit Bank, delegate the election of applicants for membership and the approval of loans within specified limits to other committees or to authorized employees of the association;

(12) on agreement with the bank, take such additional actions with respect to applications and loans and perform such functions as are vested by law in the Farm Credit Banks as may be agreed to by the association;

(13) endorse and become liable to the bank on loans it makes to association members;

(14) receive such compensation and deduct such sums from loan proceeds with respect to each loan as may be agreed between the association and the bank and make such other charges for services as may be approved by the bank;

(15) provide technical assistance to members, borrowers, applicants, and other eligible persons and make available to them, at their option, such financial related services appropriate to their operations as it determines, with Farm Credit Bank approval, are feasible, under regulations of the Farm Credit Administration;

(16) borrow money from the bank and, with the approval of such bank, borrow from and issue association notes or other obligations to any commercial bank or other financial institution;

(17) buy and sell obligations of or insured by the United States or any agency thereof or of any banks of the Farm Credit System;

(18) invest association funds in such obligations as may be authorized in regulations of the Farm Credit Administration and approved by the bank and deposit securities and current funds of the association with any member bank of the Federal Reserve System, with the Farm Credit Bank, or with any bank insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and pay fees therefor and receive interest thereon as may be agreed;

(19) perform such other function delegated to the association by the Farm Credit Bank of the district;

(20) exercise by its board of directors or authorized officers or agents all such incidental powers as may be necessary or expedient in the conduct of its business;

(21) contribute to the capital of the bank; and

(22) operate as an originator and become certified as a certified facility under subchapter VIII.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title II, §2.12, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1635; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title IV, §401(u), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 998.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2093, Pub. L. 92–181, title II, §2.12, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 96–592, title II, §208, Dec. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 3442; Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §205(e)(11), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1704; Pub. L. 100–233, title VII, §705(d), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 100–399, title VI, §604, Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 1006, related to general corporate powers, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 100–233, §401.

Amendments

1988—Par. (7). Pub. L. 100–399, §401(u)(1), substituted "provide by its board of directors for" for "elect by its board of directors" and "serve as" for "be elected or designated".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 100–399, §401(u)(2), amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: "prescribe by its board of directors, association bylaws, not inconsistent with law, providing for the classes of association stock and the manner in which such stock shall be issued, transferred, and retired; the officers and employees of the association elected or provided for, the property of the association that is acquired, held, and transferred, the general business of the association conducted, and the privileges granted to the association by law exercised and enjoyed;".

Par. (12). Pub. L. 100–399, §401(u)(3), substituted "agreed to by" for "agreed to or delegated to".

Par. (22). Pub. L. 100–399, §401(u)(4)–(6), added par. (22).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(b) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 100–233, title IV, §401, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1622, provided that this section is effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988.
12 U.S.C. § 4521 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 46: GOVERNMENT SPONSORED ENTERPRISES / Subchapter I: SUPERVISION AND REGULATION OF ENTERPRISES / Section 4521: Annual reports by Director
Annual reports by Director
Status: in_force

(a) General report

The Director shall submit to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate, not later than June 15 of each year, a written report, which shall include—

(1) a description of the actions taken, and being undertaken, by the Director to carry out this chapter;

(2) a description of the financial safety and soundness of each regulated entity, including the results and conclusions of the annual examinations of the regulated entities conducted under section 4517(a) of this title;

(3) any recommendations for legislation to enhance the financial safety and soundness of the regulated entities;

(4) a description of—

(A) whether the procedures established by each regulated entity pursuant to section 4012a(b)(3) of title 42 are adequate and being complied with, and

(B) the results and conclusions of any examination, as determined necessary by the Director, to determine the compliance of the regulated entities with the requirements of section 4012a(b)(3) of title 42, which shall include a description of the methods used to determine compliance and the types and sources of deficiencies (if any), and identify any corrective measures that have been taken to remedy any such deficiencies,

except that the information described in this paragraph shall be included only in each of the first, third, and fifth annual reports under this subsection required to be submitted after the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on September 23, 1994; and 1

(5) the assessment of the Board or any of its members with respect to—

(A) the safety and soundness of the regulated entities;

(B) any material deficiencies in the conduct of the operations of the regulated entities;

(C) the overall operational status of the regulated entities; and

(D) an evaluation of the performance of the regulated entities in carrying out their respective missions;

(6) operations, resources, and performance of the Agency; and

(7) such other matters relating to the Agency and the fulfillment of its mission.

(b) Report on enforcement actions

Not later than March 15 of each year, the Director shall submit to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate a written report describing, for the preceding calendar year, the requests by the Director to the Attorney General for enforcement actions under subchapter III and describing the disposition of each request, which shall include statements of—

(1) the total number of requests made by the Director;

(2) the number of requests that resulted in the commencement of litigation by the Department of Justice;

(3) the number of requests that did not result in the commencement of litigation by the Department of Justice;

(4) with respect to requests that resulted in the commencement of litigation—

(A) the number of days between the date of the request and the commencement of the litigation; and

(B) the number of days between the date of the commencement and termination of the litigation; and

(5) the number of litigation requests pending at the beginning of the calendar year, the number of requests made during the calendar year, the number of requests for which action was completed during the calendar year, and the number of requests pending at the end of the calendar year.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1319B, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3950; Pub. L. 103–325, title V, §529(c), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2267; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §§1103(b), 1161(a)(6), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2665, 2779.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the original "this title", meaning title XIII of Pub. L. 102–550, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3941, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title XIII to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4501 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(a)(6), substituted "Committee on Financial Services" for "Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 110–289, §1103(b)(1)–(4), substituted "regulated entity" for "enterprise" and "regulated entities" for "enterprises" wherever appearing and substituted a semicolon for "; and" at end of par. (3) and "1994; and" for "1994." at end of par. (4).

Subsec. (a)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 110–289, §1103(b)(5), added pars. (5) to (7).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(a)(6), substituted "Committee on Financial Services" for "Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs" in introductory provisions.

1994—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 103–325 added par. (4).

1 So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.
12 U.S.C. § 2202a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter IV: PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO TWO OR MORE CLASSES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM / Section 2202a: Restructuring distressed loans
Restructuring distressed loans
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

As used in this part and section 2219a of this title:

(1) Application for restructuring

The term "application for restructuring" means a written request—

(A) from a borrower for the restructuring of a distressed loan in accordance with a preliminary restructuring plan proposed by the borrower as a part of the application;

(B) submitted on the appropriate forms prescribed by the qualified lender; and

(C) accompanied by sufficient financial information and repayment projections, where appropriate, as required by the qualified lender to support a sound credit decision.

(2) Cost of foreclosure

The term "cost of foreclosure" includes—

(A) the difference between the outstanding balance due on a loan made by a qualified lender and the liquidation value of the loan, taking into consideration the borrower's repayment capacity and the liquidation value of the collateral used to secure the loan;

(B) the estimated cost of maintaining a loan as a nonperforming asset;

(C) the estimated cost of administrative and legal actions necessary to foreclose a loan and dispose of property acquired as the result of the foreclosure, including attorneys' fees and court costs;

(D) the estimated cost of changes in the value of collateral used to secure a loan during the period beginning on the date of the initiation of an action to foreclose or liquidate the loan and ending on the date of the disposition of the collateral; and

(E) all other costs incurred as the result of the foreclosure or liquidation of a loan.

(3) Distressed loan

The term "distressed loan" means a loan that the borrower does not have the financial capacity to pay according to its terms and that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics:

(A) The borrower is demonstrating adverse financial and repayment trends.

(B) The loan is delinquent or past due under the terms of the loan contract.

(C) One or both of the factors listed in subparagraphs (A) and (B), together with inadequate collateralization, present a high probability of loss to the lender.

(4) Foreclosure proceeding

The term "foreclosure proceeding" means—

(A) a foreclosure or similar legal proceeding to enforce a lien on property, whether real or personal, that secures a nonaccrual or distressed loan; or

(B) the seizing of and realizing on nonreal property collateral, other than collateral subject to a statutory lien arising under subchapter I or II, to effect collection of a nonaccrual or distressed loan.

(5) Loan

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (B), the term "loan" means a loan made to a farmer, rancher, or producer or harvester of aquatic products, for any agricultural or aquatic purpose and other credit needs of the borrower, including financing for basic processing and marketing directly related to the borrower's operations and those of other eligible farmers, ranchers, and producers or harvesters of aquatic products.

(B) Exclusion for loans designated for sale into secondary market

(i) In general

Except as provided in clause (ii), the term "loan" does not include a loan made on or after February 10, 1996, that is designated, at the time the loan is made, for sale into a secondary market.

(ii) Unsold loans

(I) In general

Except as provided in subclause (II), if a loan designated for sale under clause (i) is not sold into a secondary market during the 180-day period that begins on the date of the designation, the provisions of this section and sections 2202, 2202b, 2202d, and 2219a of this title that would otherwise apply to the loan in the absence of the exclusion described in clause (i) shall become effective with respect to the loan.

(II) Later sale

If a loan described in subclause (I) is sold into a secondary market after the end of the 180-day period described in subclause (I), subclause (I) shall not apply with respect to the loan beginning on the date of the sale.

(6) Qualified lender

The term "qualified lender" means—

(A) a System institution that makes loans (as defined in paragraph (5)) except a bank for cooperatives; and

(B) each bank, institution, corporation, company, union, and association described in section 2015(b)(1)(B) of this title but only with respect to loans discounted or pledged under section 2015(b)(1) of this title.

(7) Restructure and restructuring

The terms "restructure" and "restructuring" include rescheduling, reamortization, renewal, deferral of principal or interest, monetary concessions, and the taking of any other action to modify the terms of, or forbear on, a loan in any way that will make it probable that the operations of the borrower will become financially viable.

(b) Notice

(1) In general

On a determination by a qualified lender that a loan made by the lender is or has become a distressed loan, the lender shall provide written notice to the borrower that the loan may be suitable for restructuring, and include with such notice—

(A) a copy of the policy of the lender established under subsection (g) that governs the treatment of distressed loans; and

(B) all materials necessary to enable the borrower to submit an application for restructuring on the loan.

(2) Notice before foreclosure

Not later than 45 days before any qualified lender begins foreclosure proceedings with respect to a loan outstanding to any borrower, the lender shall notify the borrower that the loan may be suitable for restructuring and that the lender will review any such suitable loan for restructuring, and shall include with such notice a copy of the policy and the materials described in paragraph (1).

(3) Limitation on foreclosure

No qualified lender may foreclose or continue any foreclosure proceeding with respect to any distressed loan before the lender has completed any pending consideration of the loan for restructuring under this section.

(c) Meetings

On determination by a qualified lender that a loan made by the lender is or has become a distressed loan, the lender shall provide a reasonable opportunity for the borrower thereof to personally meet with a representative of the lender—

(1) to review the status of the loan, the financial condition of the borrower, and the suitability of the loan for restructuring; and

(2) with respect to a loan that is in nonaccrual status, to develop a plan for restructuring the loan if the loan is suitable for restructuring.

(d) Consideration of applications

(1) In general

When a qualified lender receives an application for restructuring from a borrower, the qualified lender shall determine whether or not to restructure the loan, taking into consideration—

(A) whether the cost to the lender of restructuring the loan is equal to or less than the cost of foreclosure;

(B) whether the borrower is applying all income over and above necessary and reasonable living and operating expenses to the payment of primary obligations;

(C) whether the borrower has the financial capacity and the management skills to protect the collateral from diversion, dissipation, or deterioration;

(D) whether the borrower is capable of working out existing financial difficulties, reestablishing a viable operation, and repaying the loan on a rescheduled basis; and

(E) in the case of a distressed loan that is not delinquent, whether restructuring consistent with sound lending practices may be taken to reasonably ensure that the loan will not become a loan that it is necessary to place in nonaccrual status.

(2) Applications not required for restructuring plans

This section shall not prevent a qualified lender from proposing a restructuring plan for an individual borrower in the absence of an application for restructuring from the borrower.

(e) Restructuring

(1) In general

If a qualified lender determines that the potential cost to such qualified lender of restructuring the loan in accordance with a proposed restructuring plan is less than or equal to the potential cost of foreclosure, the qualified lender shall restructure the loan in accordance with the plan.

(2) Computation of cost of restructuring

In determining whether the potential cost to the qualified lender of restructuring a distressed loan is less than or equal to the potential cost of foreclosure, a qualified lender shall consider all relevant factors, including—

(A) the present value of interest income and principal forgone by the lender in carrying out the restructuring plan;

(B) reasonable and necessary administrative expenses involved in working with the borrower to finalize and implement the restructuring plan;

(C) whether the borrower has presented a preliminary restructuring plan and cash-flow analysis taking into account income from all sources to be applied to the debt and all assets to be pledged, showing a reasonable probability that orderly debt retirement will occur as a result of the proposed restructuring; and

(D) whether the borrower has furnished or is willing to furnish complete and current financial statements in a form acceptable to the institution.

(f) Least cost alternative

If two or more restructuring alternatives are available to a qualified lender under this section with respect to a distressed loan, the lender shall restructure the loan in conformity with the alternative that results in the least cost to the lender.

(g) Restructuring policy

(1) Establishment

Each bank board of directors shall develop a policy within 60 days after January 6, 1988, that is consistent with this section, to govern the restructuring of distressed loans. Such policy shall constitute the restructuring policy of each qualified lender within the district.

(2) Contents of policy

The policy established under paragraph (1) shall include an explanation of—

(A) the procedure for submitting an application for restructuring; and

(B) the right of borrowers with distressed loans to seek review by a credit review committee in accordance with section 2202 of this title of a denial of an application for restructuring.

(3) Submission of policy to FCA

Each bank board shall submit the policy of the district governing the treatment of distressed loans under this section to the Farm Credit Administration. Notwithstanding the duty imposed by the preceding sentence, the other duties imposed by this section shall take effect on January 6, 1988.

(h) Compliance

The Farm Credit Administration may issue a directive requiring compliance with any provision of this section to any qualified lender that fails to comply with such provision.

(i) Permitted foreclosures

This section shall not be construed to prevent any qualified lender from enforcing any contractual provision that allows the lender to foreclose a loan, or from taking such other lawful action as the lender deems appropriate, if the lender has reasonable grounds to believe that the loan collateral will be destroyed, dissipated, consumed, concealed, or permanently removed from the State in which the collateral is located.

(j) Application of section

The time limitation prescribed in subsection (b)(2), and the requirements of subsection (c), shall not apply to a loan that became a distressed loan before January 6, 1988, if the borrower and lender of the loan are in the process of negotiating loan restructuring with respect to the loan.

(k) Assistance in restructuring

Each Farm Credit Bank, on request of any association, may assist the association in restructuring loans under this section.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, §4.14A, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title I, §102(a), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1574; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title I, §102(a)–(f), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 990; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, §208(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 173; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5411(22), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4681.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, §5411(22)(A)(i), inserted "and section 2219a of this title" after "this part" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(5)(B)(ii)(I). Pub. L. 115–334, §5411(22)(A)(ii), struck out "2202c," after "2202b,".

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 115–334, §5411(22)(B), (C), redesignated subsecs. (i) to (k) as (h) to (j), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (h). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (h) read as follows: "During the 5-year period beginning on January 6, 1988, each qualified lender shall submit semiannual reports to the Farm Credit Administration containing—

"(1) the results of the review of distressed loans of the lender; and

"(2) the financial effect of loan restructurings and liquidations on the lender."

Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 115–334, §5411(22)(C), (D), redesignated subsec. (l) as (k) and struck out "production credit" after "request of any". Former subsec. (k) redesignated (j).

1996—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–105 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. heading, substituted "Subject to subparagraph (B), the term" for "The term", and added subpar. (B).

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–399, §102(a), struck out "(other than in sections 2205 and 2206 of this title)" after "in this part".

Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 100–399, §102(b), substituted "section 2015(b)(1)(B) of this title" for "section 2074(a)(2) of this title" and "section 2015(b)(1) of this title" for "section 2074(a) of this title".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 100–399, §102(c), substituted "cost to such qualified" for "cost to a qualified".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 100–399, §102(d), substituted "bank" for "farm credit district".

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 100–399, §102(e), substituted "bank board" for "district board".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 100–399, §102(f), substituted "Farm Credit Bank" for "Federal intermediate credit bank".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by section 102(b), (f) of Pub. L. 100–399 effective immediately after amendment made by section 401 of Pub. L. 100–233, which was effective 6 months after Jan. 6, 1988, and amendment by section 102(a), (c)–(e) of Pub. L. 100–399 effective as if enacted immediately after enactment of Pub. L. 100–233, which was approved Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001 of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.

Sense of Congress

Pub. L. 100–233, title I, §102(b), Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1579, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that the banks and associations (except banks for cooperatives) operating under the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) should administer distressed loans to farmers with the objective of using the loan guarantee programs of the Farmers Home Administration and other loan restructuring measures, including participation in interest rate buy-down programs that are Federally or State funded, and other Federal and State sponsored financial assistance programs that offer relief to financially distressed farmers, as alternatives to foreclosure, considering the availability and appropriateness of such programs on a case-by-case basis."
12 U.S.C. § 1150a (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 8: ADJUSTMENT AND CANCELLATION OF FARM LOANS / Section 1150a: Farm loans to which chapter is applicable
Farm loans to which chapter is applicable
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to any indebtedness of farmers arising from loans or payments made or credit extended to them under any of the following Acts or programs: (a) July 1, 1918 (40 Stat. 635); March 3, 1921 (41 Stat. 1347); March 20, 1922 (42 Stat. 467); April 26, 1924 (43 Stat. 110); February 25, 1927 (44 Stat. 1245); February 28, 1927 (44 Stat., part II, 1251); February 25, 1929 (45 Stat. 1306), as amended May 17, 1929 (46 Stat. 3); March 3, 1930 (46 Stat. 78–79), as amended April 24, 1930 (46 Stat. 254); December 20, 1930 (46 Stat. 1032), as amended February 14, 1931 (46 Stat. 1160); February 23, 1931 (46 Stat. 1276); January 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5); March 3, 1932 (47 Stat. 60); February 4, 1933 (47 Stat. 795); February 23, 1934 (48 Stat. 354); June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1056); February 20, 1935 (49 Stat. 28); March 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 50); April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115); (Executive Order Numbered 7305); January 29, 1937 (50 Stat. 5); and February 4, 1938 (52 Stat. 27); (b) Agricultural Adjustment Act (of 1933); Bankhead Cotton Act of April 21, 1934, on account of the several cotton tax-exemption certificate pools; Jones-Connally Cattle Act of April 7, 1934; Emergency Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1935, approved June 19, 1934; Kerr Tobacco Act of June 28, 1934, and Public Resolution Numbered 76, approved March 14, 1936; section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, and related legislation; Supplemental Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1936; sections 7 to 17 of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act; Sugar Act of 1937; sections 303 and 381(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and related or subsequent legislation authorizing parity or price adjustment payments; title IV and title V of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 and related legislation; any amendment to any of the foregoing Acts heretofore and any other Act of Congress heretofore enacted authorizing payments to farmers under programs administered through the Agricultural Adjustment Agency; (c) Loans made by or through the Resettlement Administration of the Farm Security Administration out of funds appropriated or made available by or pursuant to the following Acts; April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115); June 22, 1936 (49 Stat. 1608); February 9, 1937 (50 Stat. 8); June 29, 1937 (50 Stat. 352); The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, July 22, 1937 (50 Stat. 522 et seq.); the Water Facilities Act of August 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 869 et seq.); March 2, 1938 (52 Stat. 83, Public Resolution Numbered 80); June 21, 1938 (52 Stat. 809); June 30, 1939 (53 Stat. 927); June 26, 1940 (Public Resolution Numbered 88); flood-restoration loans, Second Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1943 (57 Stat. 537, 542); and subsequent legislation appropriating or making available funds for such loans; commodity loan, purchase, sale, and other programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation; and crop-insurance programs formulated pursuant to title V of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (the Federal Crop Insurance Act), and any amendment or supplement thereto heretofore or hereafter enacted. This chapter shall also apply to any indebtedness of farmers evidenced by notes or accounts receivable, title to which has been acquired in the liquidation of loans to cooperative associations made under the provisions of the Act of June 15, 1929 (46 Stat. 11).

(Dec. 20, 1944, ch. 623, §2, 58 Stat. 836.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of January 22, 1932 (47 Stat. 5), referred to in text, is act Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, 47 Stat. 5, known as the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, which was formerly classified to chapter 14 (§601 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and which has been eliminated from the Code. For complete classification of this Act prior to its elimination from the Code, see Tables.

Act of March 3, 1932 (47 Stat. 60), referred to in text, is act Mar. 3, 1932, ch. 70, 47 Stat. 60, which was formerly classified to chapter 10 (§1401 et seq.) of this title, and which was repealed by Pub. L. 115–344, title V, §5411(64), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4686.

Act of April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115), and (Executive Order Numbered 7305), referred to in text, mean act Apr. 8, 1935, ch. 48, 49 Stat. 115, and Ex. Ord. No. 7305, Feb. 28, 1936, respectively, which were formerly classified to Chapter 16 (§721 et seq.) of Title 15, as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Such provisions have been eliminated from the Code.

Act of June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1056), referred to in text, probably means act June 19, 1934, ch. 648, title II, §1, 48 Stat. 1056. See References in Text note for the Emergency Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1935, below.

Act of January 29, 1937 (50 Stat. 5), referred to in text, is act Jan. 29, 1937, ch. 7, 50 Stat. 5, which was formerly classified to subchapter II–B (§1020i et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title, and which was repealed by act Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §2(a)(2), 60 Stat. 1062.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (of 1933), referred to in text, probably means title I of act May 12, 1933, ch. 25, 48 Stat. 31, known as the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which is classified generally to chapter 26 (§601 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 601 of Title 7 and Tables.

The Bankhead Cotton Act of April 21, 1934, referred to in text, is act Apr. 21, 1934, ch. 157, 48 Stat. 598, which is classified generally to chapter 27 (§701 et seq.) of Title 7. The Bankhead Cotton Act was substantially repealed by act Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Jones-Connally Cattle Act of April 7, 1934, referred to in text, is act Apr. 7, 1934, ch. 103, 48 Stat. 528, which is classified to sections 608, 608b, 609, 611, 612, and 612a of Title 7. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Emergency Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1935, approved June 19, 1934, referred to in text, is act June 19, 1934, ch. 648, title II, 48 Stat. 1055, relevant provisions of which were classified to sections 604 and 605 of Title 7, and section 59 of former Title 49, Transportation. Section 605 of Title 7 was repealed by act June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(d), 61 Stat. 208, and section 59 of former Title 49, was repealed by Pub. L. 95–473, §4(b), Oct. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 1466, the first section of which enacted subtitle IV (§10101 et seq.) of Title 49, Transportation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Kerr Tobacco Act of June 28, 1934, referred to in text, is act June 28, 1934, ch. 866, §§1 to 16, 48 Stat. 1275, which was formerly classified to chapter 28 (§751 et seq.) of Title 7, and which was repealed by act Feb. 10, 1936, ch. 42, 49 Stat. 1106.

Section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, referred to in text, is classified to section 612c of Title 7.

Supplemental Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1936, referred to in text, is act Feb. 11, 1936, ch. 49, 49 Stat. 1134, provisions of which were formerly classified to chapter 16 (§721 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Such provisions have been eliminated from the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Sections 7 to 17 of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, referred to in text, are classified to sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of Title 16, Conservation. Section 16 of the Act, classified to section 590p of Title 16, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–127, title III, §336(b)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1006.

The Sugar Act of 1937, referred to in text, is act Sept. 1, 1937, ch. 898, 50 Stat. 903, which was formerly classified to chapter 34 (§1100 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. The Sugar Act of 1937 expired on Dec. 31, 1947, and was superseded by the Sugar Act of 1948, which in turn expired on Dec. 31, 1974, and which has now been eliminated from the Code. For complete classification of the Sugar Act of 1937 to the Code prior to its expiration, see Tables.

Sections 303 and 381(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in text, are classified to sections 1303 and 1381(a), respectively, of Title 7. Section 1381 of Title 7, was omitted from the Code.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, referred to in text, is act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31. Title IV of the Act was formerly classified to subchapter III (§1401 et seq.) of chapter 35 of Title 7, and has been eliminated from the Code. Title V of the Act, formerly known as the Federal Crop Insurance Act, is classified generally to chapter 36 (§1501 et seq.) of Title 7. For complete classification of these Acts to the Code, see sections 1281 and 1501 of Title 7 and Tables.

Act of June 22, 1936 (49 Stat. 1608), referred to in text, probably means act June 22, 1936, ch. 689, title II, 49 Stat. 1608, provisions of which were formerly classified to chapter 16 (§721 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Such provisions have been eliminated from the Code.

Act of June 29, 1937 (50 Stat. 352), referred to in text, probably means act June 29, 1937, ch. 401, 50 Stat. 357, provisions of which were formerly classified to chapter 16 (§721 et seq.) of Title 15, as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Such provisions have been eliminated from the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act, referred to in text, is act July 22, 1937, ch. 517, 50 Stat. 522, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1000 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1000 of Title 7 and Tables.

The Water Facilities Act of August 28, 1937 (50 Stat. 869 et seq.), referred to in text, is act Aug. 28, 1937, ch. 870, 50 Stat. 869, which was formerly classified to sections 590r to 590x–4 of Title 16, Conservation, and was repealed by section 341(a) of Pub. L. 87–128, title III, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 318. See chapter 50 (§1921 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture.

Acts of March 2, 1938 (52 Stat. 83, Public Resolution Numbered 80), June 21, 1938 (52 Stat. 809), and June 30, 1939 (53 Stat. 927), referred to in text, are acts Mar. 2, 1938, ch. 38, 52 Stat. 83, June 21, 1938, ch. 554, 52 Stat. 809, and June 30, 1939, ch. 252, 53 Stat. 927, respectively, which were formerly classified to chapter 16 (§721 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Such provisions have been eliminated from the Code.

Act of June 26, 1940 (Public Resolution Numbered 88), referred to in text, is act June 26, 1940, ch. 432, 54 Stat. 611, provisions of which were formerly classified to section 609i of Title 15, and also to chapter 16 (§721 et seq.) of Title 15, as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Such provisions have been eliminated from the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Federal Crop Insurance Act, referred to in text, is subtitle A of title V of act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 72, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1501 et seq.) of chapter 36 of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1501 of Title 7 and Tables.

Act of June 15, 1929 (46 Stat. 11), referred to in text, is act June 15, 1929, ch. 24, 46 Stat. 11, known as the Agricultural Marketing Act, which is classified generally to chapter 7A (§1141 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1141j(e) of this title and Tables.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. 2, of 1953, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Functions of Agricultural Adjustment Agency and administration of programs of Commodity Credit Corporation and Federal Crop Insurance Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1946, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. See, also, notes under sections 610 and 1503 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Farm Security Administration abolished, see note under sections 1001 to 1006 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations, Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation, and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer, or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
12 U.S.C. § 618 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6: FOREIGN BANKING / Subchapter II: ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS TO DO FOREIGN BANKING / Section 618: Capital stock; amount; when paid in
Capital stock; amount; when paid in
Status: in_force

No corporation shall be organized under the provisions of this subchapter with a capital stock of less than $2,000,000, one-quarter of which must be paid in before the corporation may be authorized to begin business, and the remainder of the capital stock of such corporation shall be paid in installments of at least 10 per centum on the whole amount to which the corporation shall be limited as frequently as one installment at the end of each succeeding two months from the time of the commencement of its business operations until the whole of the capital stock shall be paid in: Provided, however, That whenever $2,000,000 of the capital stock of any corporation is paid in the remainder of the corporation's capital stock or any unpaid part of such remainder may, with the consent of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and subject to such regulations and conditions as it may prescribe, be paid in upon call from the board of directors; such unpaid subscriptions, however, to be included in the maximum of 10 per centum of the national bank's capital and surplus which a national bank is permitted under the provisions of this Act to hold in stock of corporations engaged in business of the kind described in this subchapter and subchapter I of this chapter. The capital stock of any such corporation may be increased at any time, with the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, by a vote of two-thirds of its shareholders or by unanimous consent in writing of the shareholders without a meeting and without a formal vote, but any such increase of capital shall be fully paid in within ninety days after such approval; and may be reduced in like manner, provided that in no event shall it be less than $2,000,000. No corporation, except as herein provided, shall during the time it shall continue its operations, withdraw or permit to be withdrawn, either in the form of dividends or otherwise, any portion of its capital. Any national bank may invest in the stock of any corporation organized under this subchapter. The aggregate amount of stock held by any national bank in all corporations engaged in business of the kind described in this subchapter or subchapter I of this chapter shall not exceed an amount equal to 10 percent of the capital and surplus of such bank unless the Board determines that the investment of an additional amount by the bank would not be unsafe or unsound and, in any case, shall not exceed an amount equal to 20 percent of the capital and surplus of such bank.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A (par.), formerly §25(a), as added Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; amended June 14, 1921, ch. 22, 42 Stat. 28; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, §203(a), 49 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 95–369, §3(d), Sept. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 609; renumbered §25A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2307, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–426.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this section", meaning section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which is classified to this subchapter (§611 et seq.).

This Act, referred to in text, is act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act, which is classified principally to chapter 3 (§221 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables.

Subchapter I of this chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "section 25 of the Federal Reserve Act as amended" and "section 25", which is classified to subchapter I (§601 et seq.) of this chapter.

Codification

Section is comprised of par. 10 (undesignated) of section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which comprises this subchapter. For complete classification of section 25A of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 611 of this title.

Amendments

1996—Pub. L. 104–208 inserted last sentence and struck out former last sentence which read as follows: "Any national banking association may invest in the stock of any corporation organized under the provisions of said sections, but the aggregate amount of stock held in all corporations engaged in business of the kind described in this subchapter and subchapter I of this chapter shall not exceed 10 per centum of the subscribing bank's capital and surplus."

1978—Pub. L. 95–369 struck out proviso limiting liabilities outstanding at any one time upon debentures, bonds and promissory notes to not in excess of ten times its paid in capital and surplus, after "stock of corporations engaged in business of the kind described in this subchapter and subchapter I of this chapter".

1921—Act June 14, 1921, amended section generally, inserting two provisos.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Section 203(a) of act Aug. 23, 1935, changed name of Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
12 U.S.C. § 4905 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 49: HOMEOWNERS PROTECTION / Section 4905: Disclosure requirements for lender paid mortgage insurance
Disclosure requirements for lender paid mortgage insurance
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "borrower paid mortgage insurance" means private mortgage insurance that is required in connection with a residential mortgage transaction, payments for which are made by the borrower;

(2) the term "lender paid mortgage insurance" means private mortgage insurance that is required in connection with a residential mortgage transaction, payments for which are made by a person other than the borrower; and

(3) the term "loan commitment" means a prospective mortgagee's written confirmation of its approval, including any applicable closing conditions, of the application of a prospective mortgagor for a residential mortgage loan.

(b) Exclusion

Sections 4902 through 4904 of this title do not apply in the case of lender paid mortgage insurance.

(c) Notices to mortgagor

In the case of lender paid mortgage insurance that is required in connection with a residential mortgage transaction—

(1) not later than the date on which a loan commitment is made for the residential mortgage transaction, the prospective mortgagee shall provide to the prospective mortgagor a written notice—

(A) that lender paid mortgage insurance differs from borrower paid mortgage insurance, in that lender paid mortgage insurance may not be canceled by the mortgagor, while borrower paid mortgage insurance could be cancelable by the mortgagor in accordance with section 4902(a) of this title, and could automatically terminate on the termination date in accordance with section 4902(b) of this title;

(B) that lender paid mortgage insurance—

(i) usually results in a residential mortgage having a higher interest rate than it would in the case of borrower paid mortgage insurance; and

(ii) terminates only when the residential mortgage is refinanced (under the meaning given such term in the regulations issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to carry out the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)), paid off, or otherwise terminated; and

(C) that lender paid mortgage insurance and borrower paid mortgage insurance both have benefits and disadvantages, including a generic analysis of the differing costs and benefits of a residential mortgage in the case lender paid mortgage insurance versus borrower paid mortgage insurance over a 10-year period, assuming prevailing interest and property appreciation rates;

(D) that lender paid mortgage insurance may be tax-deductible for purposes of Federal income taxes, if the mortgagor itemizes expenses for that purpose; and

(2) not later than 30 days after the termination date that would apply in the case of borrower paid mortgage insurance, the servicer shall provide to the mortgagor a written notice indicating that the mortgagor may wish to review financing options that could eliminate the requirement for private mortgage insurance in connection with the residential mortgage transaction.

(d) Standard forms

The servicer of a residential mortgage transaction may develop and use a standardized form or forms for the provision of notices to the mortgagor, as required under subsection (c).

(Pub. L. 105–216, §6, July 29, 1998, 112 Stat. 904; Pub. L. 106–569, title IV, §§403(c), 406(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2957, 2959.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Truth in Lending Act, referred to in subsec.(c)(1)(B)(ii), is title I of Pub. L. 90–321, May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 146, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1601 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

Amendments

2000—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–569, §403(c)(1)(A), struck out "a residential mortgage or" before "a residential mortgage transaction" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 106–569, §406(a), inserted "(under the meaning given such term in the regulations issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to carry out the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.))" after "refinanced".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 106–569, §403(c)(1)(B), inserted "transaction" before period at end.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–569, §403(c)(2), inserted "transaction" after "residential mortgage".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 1 year after July 29, 1998, see section 13 of Pub. L. 105–216, set out as a note under section 4901 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 635c (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6A: EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 635c: Repealed. Pub. L. 102-429, title I, §121(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2199
Repealed. Pub. L. 102-429, title I, §121(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2199
Status: repealed

Section, act July 31, 1945, ch. 341, §5, 59 Stat. 528, related to reimbursement of Reconstruction Finance Corporation for cancellation of Bank stock, public debt transactions, and payment of accumulated dividends.
12 U.S.C. § 5804 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 55: ADJUSTABLE INTEREST RATE (LIBOR) / Section 5804: Continuity of contract and safe harbor
Continuity of contract and safe harbor
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A Board-selected benchmark replacement and the selection or use of a Board-selected benchmark replacement as a benchmark replacement under or with respect to a LIBOR contract, and any benchmark replacement conforming changes, shall constitute—

(1) a commercially reasonable replacement for and a commercially substantial equivalent to LIBOR;

(2) a reasonable, comparable, or analogous rate, index, or term for LIBOR;

(3) a replacement that is based on a methodology or information that is similar or comparable to LIBOR;

(4) substantial performance by any person of any right or obligation relating to or based on LIBOR; and

(5) a replacement that has historical fluctuations that are substantially similar to those of LIBOR for purposes of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1601 note) 1 and regulations promulgated under that division.2

(b) No impairment

Neither the selection or use of a Board-selected benchmark replacement as a benchmark replacement nor the determination, implementation, or performance of benchmark replacement conforming changes under section 5803 of this title may—

(1) be deemed to impair or affect the right of any person to receive a payment, or to affect the amount or timing of such payment, under any LIBOR contract; or

(2) have the effect of—

(A) discharging or excusing performance under any LIBOR contract for any reason, claim, or defense (including any force majeure or other provision in any LIBOR contract);

(B) giving any person the right to unilaterally terminate or suspend performance under any LIBOR contract;

(C) constituting a breach of any LIBOR contract; or

(D) voiding or nullifying any LIBOR contract.

(c) Safe harbor

No person shall be subject to any claim or cause of action in law or equity or request for equitable relief, or have liability for damages, arising out of—

(1) the selection or use of a Board-selected benchmark replacement;

(2) the implementation of benchmark replacement conforming changes; or

(3) with respect to a LIBOR contract that is not a consumer loan, the determination of benchmark replacement conforming changes,

in each case after giving effect to the provisions of section 5803 of this title; provided, however, that in each case any person (including a calculating person) shall remain subject to the terms of a LIBOR contract that are not affected by this chapter and any existing legal, regulatory, or contractual obligations to correct servicing or other ministerial errors under or with respect to a LIBOR contract.

(d) Selection

The selection or use of a Board-selected benchmark replacement or the determination, implementation, or performance of benchmark replacement conforming changes under section 5803 of this title shall not be deemed to—

(1) be an amendment or modification of any LIBOR contract; or

(2) prejudice, impair, or affect the rights, interests, or obligations of any person under or with respect to any LIBOR contract.

(e) No negative inference

Except as provided in subsections 3 (a), (b), or (c)(1) of section 5803 of this title, nothing in this chapter may be construed to create any negative inference or negative presumption regarding the validity or enforceability of—

(1) any benchmark replacement (including any method for calculating, determining, or implementing an adjustment to the benchmark replacement to account for any historical differences between LIBOR and the benchmark replacement) that is not a Board-selected benchmark replacement; or

(2) any changes, alterations, or modifications to or with respect to a LIBOR contract that are not benchmark replacement conforming changes.

(Pub. L. 117–103, div. U, §105, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 830.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Truth in Lending Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is title I of Pub. L. 90–321, May 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 146, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1601 et seq.) of chapter 41 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 101 of Pub. L. 90–321, set out as a Short Title note under section 1601 of Title 15 and Tables.

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (e), was in the original "this division", meaning div. U of Pub. L. 117–103, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 825, known as the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of div. U to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5801 of this title and Tables.

1 So in original. Probably should be "(15 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)".

2 So in original. Probably should be "that Act."

3 So in original. Probably should be "subsection".
12 U.S.C. § 339 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter VIII: STATE BANKS AS MEMBERS OF SYSTEM / Section 339: Participation by State member banks in lotteries and related activities
Participation by State member banks in lotteries and related activities
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibited activities

A State member bank may not—

(1) deal in lottery tickets;

(2) deal in bets used as a means or substitute for participation in a lottery;

(3) announce, advertise, or publicize the existence of any lottery; 1

(4) announce, advertise, or publicize the existence or identity of any participant or winner, as such, in a lottery.

(b) Use of banking premises prohibited

A State member bank may not permit—

(1) the use of any part of any of its banking offices by any person for any purpose forbidden to the bank under subsection (a), or

(2) direct access by the public from any of its banking offices to any premises used by any person for any purpose forbidden to the bank under subsection (a).

(c) Definitions

As used in this section—

(1) The term "deal in" includes making, taking, buying, selling, redeeming, or collecting.

(2) The term "lottery" includes any arrangement, other than a savings promotion raffle, whereby three or more persons (the "participants") advance money or credit to another in exchange for the possibility or expectation that one or more but not all of the participants (the "winners") will receive by reason of their advances more than the amounts they have advanced, the identity of the winners being determined by any means which includes—

(A) a random selection;

(B) a game, race, or contest; or

(C) any record or tabulation of the result of one or more events in which any participant has no interest except for its bearing upon the possibility that he may become a winner.

(3) The term "lottery ticket" includes any right, privilege, or possibility (and any ticket, receipt, record, or other evidence of any such right, privilege, or possibility) of becoming a winner in a lottery.

(4) The term "savings promotion raffle" means a contest in which the sole consideration required for a chance of winning designated prizes is obtained by the deposit of a specified amount of money in a savings account or other savings program, where each ticket or entry has an equal chance of being drawn, such contest being subject to regulations that may from time to time be promulgated by the appropriate prudential regulator (as defined in section 5481 of this title).

(d) Lawful banking services connected with operation of lottery

Nothing contained in this section prohibits a State member bank from accepting deposits or cashing or otherwise handling checks or other negotiable instruments, or performing other lawful banking services for a State operating a lottery, or for an officer or employee of that State who is charged with the administration of the lottery.

(e) Regulations; enforcement

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to the strict enforcement of this section and the prevention of evasions thereof.

(Dec. 13, 1913, ch. 6, §9A, as added Pub. L. 90–203, §2, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 609; amended Pub. L. 113–251, §3(b), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2889.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as section 9A of act Dec. 13, 1913, and not as part of section 9 of such act which comprises this subchapter.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 113–251, §3(b)(1), inserted ", other than a savings promotion raffle," before "whereby" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 113–251, §3(b)(2), added par. (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Apr. 1, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–203, set out as a note under section 25a of this title.

1 So in original. The word "or" probably should appear.
12 U.S.C. § 5470 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter IV: PAYMENT, CLEARING, AND SETTLEMENT SUPERVISION / Section 5470: Other authority
Other authority
Status: in_force

Unless otherwise provided by its terms, this subchapter does not divest any appropriate financial regulator, any Supervisory Agency, or any other Federal or State agency, of any authority derived from any other applicable law, except that any standards prescribed by the Board of Governors under section 5464 of this title shall supersede any less stringent requirements established under other authority to the extent of any conflict.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title VIII, §811, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1821.)
12 U.S.C. § 4741 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 47: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BANKING / Subchapter II: SMALL BUSINESS CAPITAL ENHANCEMENT / Section 4741: Findings and purposes
Findings and purposes
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) small business concerns are a vital part of the economy, accounting for the majority of new jobs, new products, and new services created in the United States;

(2) adequate access to debt capital is a critical component for small business development, productivity, expansion, and success in the United States;

(3) commercial banks are the most important suppliers of debt capital to small business concerns in the United States;

(4) commercial banks and other depository institutions have various incentives to minimize their risk in financing small business concerns;

(5) as a result of such incentives, many small business concerns with economically sound financing needs are unable to obtain access to needed debt capital;

(6) the small business capital access programs implemented by certain States are a flexible and efficient tool to assist financial institutions in providing access to needed debt capital for many small business concerns in a manner consistent with safety and soundness regulations;

(7) a small business capital access program would complement other programs which assist small business concerns in obtaining access to capital; and

(8) Federal policy can stimulate and accelerate efforts by States to implement small business capital access programs by providing an incentive to States, while leaving the administration of such programs to each participating State.

(b) Purposes

By encouraging States to implement administratively efficient capital access programs that encourage commercial banks and other depository institutions to provide access to debt capital for a broad portfolio of small business concerns, and thereby promote a more efficient and effective debt market, the purposes of this subchapter are—

(1) to promote economic opportunity and growth;

(2) to create jobs;

(3) to promote economic efficiency;

(4) to enhance productivity; and

(5) to spur innovation.

(Pub. L. 103–325, title II, §251, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2203.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 103–325, title II, §261, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2214, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§251–261) of title II of Pub. L. 103–325, enacting this subchapter] shall become effective on January 6, 1996."

Small Business Lending Fund

Pub. L. 111–240, title IV, subtitle A, Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2582, as amended by Pub. L. 113–188, title IX, §901(e), Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2020, provided that:

"SEC. 4101. PURPOSE.

"The purpose of this subtitle is to address the ongoing effects of the financial crisis on small businesses by providing temporary authority to the Secretary of the Treasury to make capital investments in eligible institutions in order to increase the availability of credit for small businesses.

"SEC. 4102. DEFINITIONS.

"For purposes of this subtitle:

"(1) Appropriate committees of congress.—The term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(A) the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on the Budget, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Small Business, the Committee on Agriculture, the Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on the Budget, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

"(2) Appropriate federal banking agency.—The term 'appropriate Federal banking agency' has the meaning given such term under section 3(q) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(q)).

"(3) Bank holding company.—The term 'bank holding company' has the meaning given such term under section 2(a)(1) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841(2)(a)(1)).

"(4) Call report.—The term 'call report' means—

"(A) reports of Condition and Income submitted to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;

"(B) the Office of Thrift Supervision Thrift Financial Report;

"(C) any report that is designated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the Office of Thrift Supervision, as applicable, as a successor to any report referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B);

"(D) reports of Condition and Income as designated through guidance developed by the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund; and

"(E) with respect to an eligible institution for which no report exists that is described under subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D), such other report or set of information as the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, may prescribe.

"(5) CDCI.—The term 'CDCI' means the Community Development Capital Initiative created by the Secretary under the Troubled Asset Relief Program established by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 [div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of this title].

"(6) CDCI investment.—The term 'CDCI investment' means, with respect to any eligible institution, the principal amount of any investment made by the Secretary in such eligible institution under the CDCI that has not been repaid.

"(7) CDFI; community development financial institution.—The terms 'CDFI' and 'community development financial institution' have the meaning given the term 'community development financial institution' under the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 [Pub. L. 103–325, see Tables for classification].

"(8) CDLF; community development loan fund.—The terms 'CDLF' and 'community development loan fund' mean any entity that—

"(A) is certified by the Department of the Treasury as a community development financial institution loan fund;

"(B) is exempt from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.]; and

"(C) had assets less than or equal to $10,000,000,000 as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009.

"(9) CPP.—The term 'CPP' means the Capital Purchase Program created by the Secretary under the Troubled Asset Relief Program established by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

"(10) CPP investment.—The term 'CPP investment' means, with respect to any eligible institution, the principal amount of any investment made by the Secretary in such eligible institution under the CPP that has not been repaid.

"(11) Eligible institution.—The term 'eligible institution' means—

"(A) any insured depository institution, which—

"(i) is not controlled by a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company that is also an eligible institution;

"(ii) has total assets of equal to or less than $10,000,000,000, as reported in the call report of the insured depository institution as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009; and

"(iii) is not directly or indirectly controlled by any company or other entity that has total consolidated assets of more than $10,000,000,000, as so reported;

"(B) any bank holding company which has total consolidated assets of equal to or less than $10,000,000,000, as reported in the call report of the bank holding company as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009;

"(C) any savings and loan holding company which has total consolidated assets of equal to or less than $10,000,000,000, as reported in the call report of the savings and loan holding company as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009; and

"(D) any community development financial institution loan fund which has total assets of equal to or less than $10,000,000,000, as reported in audited financial statements for the fiscal year of the community development financial institution loan fund that ends in calendar year 2009.

"(12) Fund.—The term 'Fund' means the Small Business Lending Fund established under section 4103(a)(1).

"(13) Insured depository institution.—The term 'insured depository institution' has the meaning given such term under section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(c)(2)).

"(14) Minority-owned and women-owned business.—The terms 'minority-owned business' and 'women-owned business' shall have the meaning given the terms 'minority-owned business' and 'women's business', respectively, under section 21A(r)(4) of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1441A(r)(4)).

"(15) Program.—The term 'Program' means the Small Business Lending Fund Program authorized under section 4103(a)(2).

"(16) Savings and loan holding company.—The term 'savings and loan holding company' has the meaning given such term under section 10(a)(1)(D) of the Home Owners' Loan Act (12 U.S.C. 1467a(a)(1)(D)).

"(17) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Treasury.

"(18) Small business lending.—

"(A) In general.—The term 'small business lending' means lending, as defined by and reported in an eligible institutions' quarterly call report, where each loan comprising such lending is one of the following types:

"(i) Commercial and industrial loans.

"(ii) Owner-occupied nonfarm, nonresidential real estate loans.

"(iii) Loans to finance agricultural production and other loans to farmers.

"(iv) Loans secured by farmland.

"(B) Exclusion.—No loan that has an original amount greater than $10,000,000 or that goes to a business with more than $50,000,000 in revenues shall be included in the measure.

"(C) Treatment of holding companies.—In the case of eligible institutions that are bank holding companies or savings and loan holding companies having one or more insured depository institution subsidiaries, small business lending shall be measured based on the combined small business lending reported in the call report of the insured depository institution subsidiaries.

"(19) Veteran-owned business.—

"(A) The term 'veteran-owned business' means a business—

"(i) more than 50 percent of the ownership or control of which is held by 1 or more veterans;

"(ii) more than 50 percent of the net profit or loss of which accrues to 1 or more veterans; and

"(iii) a significant percentage of senior management positions of which are held by veterans.

"(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'veteran' has the meaning given such term in section 101(2) of title 38, United States Code.

"SEC. 4103. SMALL BUSINESS LENDING FUND.

"(a) Fund and Program.—

"(1) Fund established.—There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the 'Small Business Lending Fund', which shall be administered by the Secretary.

"(2) Programs authorized.—The Secretary is authorized to establish the Small Business Lending Fund Program for using the Fund consistent with this subtitle.

"(b) Use of Fund.—

"(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), the Fund shall be available to the Secretary, without further appropriation or fiscal year limitation, for the costs of purchases (including commitments to purchase), and modifications of such purchases, of preferred stock and other financial instruments from eligible institutions on such terms and conditions as are determined by the Secretary in accordance with this subtitle. For purposes of this paragraph and with respect to an eligible institution, the term 'other financial instruments' shall include only debt instruments for which such eligible institution is fully liable or equity equivalent capital of the eligible institution. Such debt instruments may be subordinated to the claims of other creditors of the eligible institution.

"(2) Maximum purchase limit.—The aggregate amount of purchases (and commitments to purchase) made pursuant to paragraph (1) may not exceed $30,000,000,000.

"(3) Proceeds used to pay down public debt.—All funds received by the Secretary in connection with purchases made pursuant to paragraph (1), including interest payments, dividend payments, and proceeds from the sale of any financial instrument, shall be paid into the general fund of the Treasury for reduction of the public debt.

"(4) Limitation on purchases from cdlfs.—

"(A) In general.—Not more than 1 percent of the maximum purchase limit of the Program, pursuant to paragraph (2), may be used to make purchases from community development loan funds.

"(B) Eligibility standards.—The Secretary, in consultation with the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, shall develop eligibility criteria to determine the financial ability of a CDLF to participate in the Program and repay the investment. Such criteria shall include the following:

"(i) Ratio of net assets to total assets is at least 20 percent.

"(ii) Ratio of loan loss reserves to loans and leases 90 days or more delinquent (including loans sold with full recourse) is at least 30 percent.

"(iii) Positive net income measured on a 3-year rolling average.

"(iv) Operating liquidity ratio of at least 1.0 for the 4 most recent quarters and for one or both of the two preceding years.

"(v) Ratio of loans and leases 90 days or more delinquent (including loans sold with full recourse) to total equity plus loan loss reserves is less than 40 percent.

"(C) Requirement to submit audited financial statements.—CDLFs participating in the Program shall submit audited financial statements to the Secretary, have a clean audit opinion, and have at least 3 years of operating experience.

"(c) Credits to the Fund.—There shall be credited to the Fund amounts made available pursuant to section 4108, to the extent provided by appropriations Acts.

"(d) Terms.—

"(1) Application.—

"(A) Institutions with assets of $1,000,000,000 or less.—Eligible institutions having total assets equal to or less than $1,000,000,000, as reported in a call report as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009, may apply to receive a capital investment from the Fund in an amount not exceeding 5 percent of risk-weighted assets, as reported in the call report immediately preceding the date of application, less the amount of any CDCI investment and any CPP investment.

"(B) Institutions with assets of more than $1,000,000,000 and less than or equal to $10,000,000,000.—Eligible institutions having total assets of more than $1,000,000,000 but less than $10,000,000,000, as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009, may apply to receive a capital investment from the Fund in an amount not exceeding 3 percent of risk-weighted assets, as reported in the call report immediately preceding the date of application, less the amount of any CDCI investment and any CPP investment.

"(C) Treatment of holding companies.—In the case of an eligible institution that is a bank holding company or a savings and loan holding company having one or more insured depository institution subsidiaries, total assets shall be measured based on the combined total assets reported in the call report of the insured depository institution subsidiaries as of the end of the fourth quarter of calendar year 2009 and risk-weighted assets shall be measured based on the combined risk-weighted assets of the insured depository institution subsidiaries as reported in the call report immediately preceding the date of application.

"(D) Treatment of applicants that are institutions controlled by holding companies.—If an eligible institution that applies to receive a capital investment under the Program is under the control of a bank holding company or a savings and loan holding company, then the Secretary may use the Fund to purchase preferred stock or other financial instruments from the top-tier bank holding company or savings and loan holding company of such eligible institution, as applicable. For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 'control' with respect to a bank holding company shall have the same meaning as in section 2(a)(2) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1841(2)(a)(2)). For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 'control' with respect to a savings and loan holding company shall have the same meaning as in 10(a)(2) of the Home Owners' Loan Act (12 U.S.C. 1467a(a)(2)).

"(E) Requirement to provide a small business lending plan.—At the time that an applicant submits an application to the Secretary for a capital investment under the Program, the applicant shall deliver to the appropriate Federal banking agency, and, for applicants that are State-chartered banks, to the appropriate State banking regulator, a small business lending plan describing how the applicant's business strategy and operating goals will allow it to address the needs of small businesses in the areas it serves, as well as a plan to provide linguistically and culturally appropriate outreach, where appropriate. In the case of eligible institutions that are community development loan funds, this plan shall be submitted to the Secretary. This plan shall be confidential supervisory information.

"(F) Treatment of applicants that are community development loan funds.—Eligible institutions that are community development loan funds may apply to receive a capital investment from the Fund in an amount not exceeding 5 percent of total assets, as reported in the audited financial statements for the fiscal year of the eligible institution that ends in calendar year 2009.

"(2) Consultation with regulators.—For each eligible institution that applies to receive a capital investment under the Program, the Secretary shall—

"(A) consult with the appropriate Federal banking agency or, in the case of an eligible institution that is a nondepository community development financial institution, the Community Development Financial Institution Fund, for the eligible institution, to determine whether the eligible institution may receive such capital investment;

"(B) in the case of an eligible institution that is a State-chartered bank, consider any views received from the State banking regulator of the State of the eligible institution regarding the financial condition of the eligible institution; and

"(C) in the case of a community development financial institution loan fund, consult with the Community Development Financial Institution Fund.

"(3) Consideration of matched private investments.—

"(A) In general.—For an eligible institution that applies to receive a capital investment under the Program, if the entity to be consulted under paragraph (2) would not otherwise recommend the eligible institution to receive the capital investment, the Secretary, in consultation with the entity to be so consulted, may consider whether the entity to be consulted would recommend the eligible institution to receive a capital investment based on the financial condition of the institution if the conditions in subparagraph (B) are satisfied.

"(B) Conditions.—The conditions referred to in subparagraph (A) are as follows:

"(i) Capital sources.—The eligible institution shall receive capital both under the Program and from private, nongovernment investors.

"(ii) Amount of capital.—The amount of capital to be received under the Program shall not exceed 3 percent of risk-weighted assets, as reported in the call report immediately preceding the date of application, less the amount of any CDCI investment and any CPP investment.

"(iii) Terms.—The amount of capital to be received from private, nongovernment investors shall be—

     "(I) equal to or greater than 100 percent of the capital to be received under the Program; and

     "(II) subordinate to the capital investment made by the Secretary under the Program.

"(4) Ineligibility of institutions on fdic problem bank list.—

"(A) In general.—An eligible institution may not receive any capital investment under the Program, if—

"(i) such institution is on the FDIC problem bank list; or

"(ii) such institution has been removed from the FDIC problem bank list for less than 90 days.

"(B) Construction.—Nothing in subparagraph (A) shall be construed as limiting the discretion of the Secretary to deny the application of an eligible institution that is not on the FDIC problem bank list.

"(C) FDIC problem bank list defined.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term 'FDIC problem bank list' means the list of depository institutions having a current rating of 4 or 5 under the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System, or such other list designated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

"(5) Incentives to lend.—

"(A) Requirements on preferred stock and other financial instruments.—Any preferred stock or other financial instrument issued to Treasury by an eligible institution receiving a capital investment under the Program shall provide that—

"(i) the rate at which dividends or interest are payable shall be 5 percent per annum initially;

"(ii) within the first 2 years after the date of the capital investment under the Program, the rate may be adjusted based on the amount of an eligible institution's small business lending. Changes in the amount of small business lending shall be measured against the average amount of small business lending reported by the eligible institution in its call reports for the 4 full quarters immediately preceding the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010], minus adjustments from each quarterly balance in respect of—

     "(I) net loan charge offs with respect to small business lending; and

     "(II) gains realized by the eligible institution resulting from mergers, acquisitions or purchases of loans after origination and syndication; which adjustments shall be determined in accordance with guidance promulgated by the Secretary; and

"(iii) during any calendar quarter during the initial 2-year period referred to in clause (ii), an institution's rate shall be adjusted to reflect the following schedule, based on that institution's change in the amount of small business lending relative to the baseline—

     "(I) if the amount of small business lending has increased by less than 2.5 percent, the dividend or interest rate shall be 5 percent;

     "(II) if the amount of small business lending has increased by 2.5 percent or greater, but by less than 5.0 percent, the dividend or interest rate shall be 4 percent;

     "(III) if the amount of small business lending has increased by 5.0 percent or greater, but by less than 7.5 percent, the dividend or interest rate shall be 3 percent;

     "(IV) if the amount of small business lending has increased by 7.5 percent or greater, and but by less than 10.0 percent, the dividend or interest rate shall be 2 percent; or

     "(V) if the amount of small business lending has increased by 10 percent or greater, the dividend or interest rate shall be 1 percent.

"(B) Basis of initial rate.—The initial dividend or interest rate shall be based on call report data published in the quarter immediately preceding the date of the capital investment under the Program.

"(C) Timing of rate adjustments.—Any rate adjustment shall occur in the calendar quarter following the publication of call report data, such that the rate based on call report data from any one calendar quarter, which is published in the first following calendar quarter, shall be adjusted in that first following calendar quarter and payable in the second following quarter.

"(D) Rate following initial 2-year period.—Generally, the rate based on call report data from the eighth calendar quarter after the date of the capital investment under the Program shall be payable until the expiration of the 4½-year period that begins on the date of the investment. In the case where the amount of small business lending has remained the same or decreased relative to the institution's baseline in the eighth quarter after the date of the capital investment under the Program, the rate shall be 7 percent until the expiration of the 4½-year period that begins on the date of the investment.

"(E) Rate following initial 4½-year period.—The dividend or interest rate paid on any preferred stock or other financial instrument issued by an eligible institution that receives a capital investment under the Program shall increase to 9 percent at the end of the 4½-year period that begins on the date of the capital investment under the Program.

"(F) Limitation on rate reductions with respect to certain amount.—The reduction in the dividend or interest rate payable to Treasury by any eligible institution shall be limited such that the rate reduction shall not apply to a dollar amount of the investment made by Treasury that is greater than the dollar amount increase in the amount of small business lending realized under this program. The Secretary may issue guidelines that will apply to new capital investments limiting the amount of capital available to eligible institutions consistent with this limitation.

"(G) Rate adjustments for s corporation.—Before making a capital investment in an eligible institution that is an S corporation or a corporation organized on a mutual basis, the Secretary may adjust the dividend or interest rate on the financial instrument to be issued to the Secretary, from the dividend or interest rate that would apply under subparagraphs (A) through (F), to take into account any differential tax treatment of securities issued by such eligible institution. For purpose of this subparagraph, the term 'S corporation' has the same meaning as in section 1361(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1361(a)].

"(H) Repayment deadline.—The capital investment received by an eligible institution under the Program shall be evidenced by preferred stock or other financial instrument that—

"(i) includes, as a term and condition, that the capital investment will—

     "(I) be repaid not later than the end of the 10-year period beginning on the date of the capital investment under the Program; or

     "(II) at the end of such 10-year period, be subject to such additional terms as the Secretary shall prescribe, which shall include a requirement that the stock or instrument shall carry the highest dividend or interest rate payable; and

"(ii) provides that the term and condition described under clause (i) shall not apply if the application of that term and condition would adversely affect the capital treatment of the stock or financial instrument under current or successor applicable capital provisions compared to a capital instrument with identical terms other than the term and condition described under clause (i).

     "(I) Requirements on financial instruments issued by a community development financial institution loan fund.—Any equity equivalent capital issued to the Treasury by a community development loan fund receiving a capital investment under the Program shall provide that the rate at which interest is payable shall be 2 percent per annum for 8 years. After 8 years, the rate at which interest is payable shall be 9 percent.

"(6) Additional incentives to repay.—The Secretary may, by regulation or guidance issued under section 4104(9), establish repayment incentives in addition to the incentive in paragraph (5)(E) that will apply to new capital investments in a manner that the Secretary determines to be consistent with the purposes of this subtitle.

"(7) Capital purchase program refinance.—

"(A) In general.—The Secretary shall, in a manner that the Secretary determines to be consistent with the purposes of this subtitle, issue regulations and other guidance to permit eligible institutions to refinance securities issued to Treasury under the CDCI and the CPP for securities to be issued under the Program.

"(B) Prohibition on participation by non-paying cpp participants.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any eligible institution that has missed more than one dividend payment due under the CPP. For purposes of this subparagraph, a CPP dividend payment that is submitted within 60 days of the due date of such payment shall not be considered a missed dividend payment.

"(8) Outreach to minorities, women, and veterans.—The Secretary shall require eligible institutions receiving capital investments under the Program to provide linguistically and culturally appropriate outreach and advertising in the applicant pool describing the availability and application process of receiving loans from the eligible institution that are made possible by the Program through the use of print, radio, television or electronic media outlets which target organizations, trade associations, and individuals that—

"(A) represent or work within or are members of minority communities;

"(B) represent or work with or are women; and

"(C) represent or work with or are veterans.

"(9) Additional terms.—The Secretary may, by regulation or guidance issued under section 4104(9), make modifications that will apply to new capital investments in order to manage risks associated with the administration of the Fund in a manner consistent with the purposes of this subtitle.

"(10) Minimum underwriting standards.—The appropriate Federal banking agency for an eligible institution that receives funds under the Program shall within 60 days issue guidance regarding prudent underwriting standards that must be used for loans made by the eligible institution using such funds.

"SEC. 4104. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES OF THE SECRETARY.

"The Secretary may take such actions as the Secretary deems necessary to carry out the authorities in this subtitle, including, without limitation, the following:

"(1) The Secretary may use the services of any agency or instrumentality of the United States or component thereof on a reimbursable basis, and any such agency or instrumentality or component thereof is authorized to provide services as requested by the Secretary using all authorities vested in or delegated to that agency, instrumentality, or component.

"(2) The Secretary may enter into contracts, including contracts for services authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code.

"(3) The Secretary may designate any bank, savings association, trust company, security broker or dealer, asset manager, or investment adviser as a financial agent of the Federal Government and such institution shall perform all such reasonable duties related to this subtitle as financial agent of the Federal Government as may be required. The Secretary shall have authority to amend existing agreements with financial agents, entered into during the 2-year period before the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010], to perform reasonable duties related to this subtitle.

"(4) The Secretary may exercise any rights received in connection with any preferred stock or other financial instruments or assets purchased or acquired pursuant to the authorities granted under this subtitle.

"(5) Subject to section 4103(b)(3), the Secretary may manage any assets purchased under this subtitle, including revenues and portfolio risks therefrom.

"(6) The Secretary may sell, dispose of, transfer, exchange or enter into securities loans, repurchase transactions, or other financial transactions in regard to, any preferred stock or other financial instrument or asset purchased or acquired under this subtitle, upon terms and conditions and at a price determined by the Secretary.

"(7) The Secretary may manage or prohibit conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with the administration and execution of the authorities provided under this subtitle.

"(8) The Secretary may establish and use vehicles, subject to supervision by the Secretary, to purchase, hold, and sell preferred stock or other financial instruments and issue obligations.

"(9) The Secretary may, in consultation with the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, issue such regulations and other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate to define terms or carry out the authorities or purposes of this subtitle.

"SEC. 4105. CONSIDERATIONS.

"In exercising the authorities granted in this subtitle, the Secretary shall take into consideration—

"(1) increasing the availability of credit for small businesses;

"(2) providing funding to minority-owned eligible institutions and other eligible institutions that serve small businesses that are minority-, veteran-, and women-owned and that also serve low- and moderate-income, minority, and other underserved or rural communities;

"(3) protecting and increasing American jobs;

"(4) increasing the opportunity for small business development in areas with high unemployment rates that exceed the national average;

"(5) ensuring that all eligible institutions may apply to participate in the program established under this subtitle, without discrimination based on geography;

"(6) providing transparency with respect to use of funds provided under this subtitle;

"(7) minimizing the cost to taxpayers of exercising the authorities;

"(8) promoting and engaging in financial education to would-be borrowers; and

"(9) providing funding to eligible institutions that serve small businesses directly affected by the discharge of oil arising from the explosion on and sinking of the mobile offshore drilling unit Deepwater Horizon and small businesses in communities that have suffered negative economic effects as a result of that discharge with particular consideration to States along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

"SEC. 4106. REPORTS.

"The Secretary shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress—

"(1) within 7 days of the end of each month commencing with the first month in which transactions are made under the Program, a written report describing all of the transactions made during the reporting period pursuant to the authorities granted under this subtitle;

"(2) after the end of March and the end of September, commencing September 30, 2010, a written report on all projected costs and liabilities, all operating expenses, including compensation for financial agents, and all transactions made by the Fund, which shall include participating institutions and amounts each institution has received under the Program; and

"(3) within 7 days of the end of each calendar quarter commencing with the first calendar quarter in which transactions are made under the Program, a written report detailing how eligible institutions participating in the Program have used the funds such institutions received under the Program.

"SEC. 4107. OVERSIGHT AND AUDITS.

"(a) Inspector General Oversight.—The Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury shall conduct, supervise, and coordinate audits and investigations of the Program through the Office of Small Business Lending Fund Program Oversight established under subsection (b).

"(b) Office of Small Business Lending Fund Program Oversight.—

"(1) Establishment.—There is hereby established within the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury a new office to be named the 'Office of Small Business Lending Fund Program Oversight' to provide oversight of the Program.

"(2) Leadership.—The Inspector General shall appoint a Special Deputy Inspector General for SBLF Program Oversight to lead the Office, with commensurate staff, who shall report directly to the Inspector General and who shall be responsible for the performance of all auditing and investigative activities relating to the Program.

"(3) Reporting.—

"(A) In general.—The Inspector General shall issue a report no less than two times a year to the Congress and the Secretary devoted to the oversight provided by the Office, including any recommendations for improvements to the Program.

"(B) Recommendations.—With respect to any deficiencies identified in a report under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall either—

"(i) take actions to address such deficiencies; or

"(ii) certify to the appropriate committees of Congress that no action is necessary or appropriate.

"(4) Coordination.—The Inspector General, in maximizing the effectiveness of the Office, shall work with other Offices of Inspector General, as appropriate, to minimize duplication of effort and ensure comprehensive oversight of the Program.

"(5) Termination.—The Office shall terminate at the end of the 6-month period beginning on the date on which all capital investments are repaid under the Program or the date on which the Secretary determines that any remaining capital investments will not be repaid.

"(6) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection:

"(A) Office.—The term 'Office' means the Office of Small Business Lending Fund Program Oversight established under paragraph (1).

"(B) Inspector general.—The term 'Inspector General' means the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury.

"(c) Required Certifications.—

"(1) Eligible institution certification.—Each eligible institution that participates in the Program must certify that such institution is in compliance with the requirements of section 103.121 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, a regulation that, at a minimum, requires financial institutions, as that term is defined in 31 U.S.C. 5312(a)(2) and (c)(1)(A), to implement reasonable procedures to verify the identity of any person seeking to open an account, to the extent reasonable and practicable, maintain records of the information used to verify the person's identity, and determine whether the person appears on any lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations provided to the financial institution by any government agency.

"(2) Loan recipients.—With respect to funds received by an eligible institution under the Program, any business receiving a loan from the eligible institution using such funds after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010] shall certify to such eligible institution that the principals of such business have not been convicted of a sex offense against a minor (as such terms are defined in section 111 of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (42 U.S.C. 16911) [now 34 U.S.C. 20911]).

"(d) Prohibition on Pornography.—None of the funds made available under this subtitle may be used to pay the salary of any individual engaged in activities related to the Program who has been officially disciplined for violations of subpart G of the Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch for viewing, downloading, or exchanging pornography, including child pornography, on a Federal Government computer or while performing official Federal Government duties.

"SEC. 4108. CREDIT REFORM; FUNDING.

"(a) Credit Reform.—The cost of purchases of preferred stock and other financial instruments made as capital investments under this subtitle shall be determined as provided under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.).

"(b) Funds Made Available.—There are hereby appropriated, out of funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to pay the costs of $30,000,000,000 of capital investments in eligible institutions, including the costs of modifying such investments, and reasonable costs of administering the program of making, holding, managing, and selling the capital investments.

"SEC. 4109. TERMINATION AND CONTINUATION OF AUTHORITIES.

"(a) Termination of Investment Authority.—The authority to make capital investments in eligible institutions, including commitments to purchase preferred stock or other instruments, provided under this subtitle shall terminate 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010].

"(b) Continuation of Other Authorities.—The authorities of the Secretary under section 4104 shall not be limited by the termination date in subsection (a).

"SEC. 4110. PRESERVATION OF AUTHORITY.

"Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary under any other provision of law.

"SEC. 4111. ASSURANCES.

"(a) Small Business Lending Fund Separate From TARP.—The Small Business Lending Fund Program is established as separate and distinct from the Troubled Asset Relief Program established by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 [div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of this title]. An institution shall not, by virtue of a capital investment under the Small Business Lending Fund Program, be considered a recipient of the Troubled Asset Relief Program.

"(b) Change in Law.—If, after a capital investment has been made in an eligible institution under the Program, there is a change in law that modifies the terms of the investment or program in a materially adverse respect for the eligible institution, the eligible institution may, after consultation with the appropriate Federal banking agency for the eligible institution, repay the investment without impediment.

"SEC. 4112. STUDY AND REPORT WITH RESPECT TO WOMEN-OWNED, VETERAN-OWNED, AND MINORITY-OWNED BUSINESSES.

"(a) Study.—The Secretary shall conduct a study of the impact of the Program on women-owned businesses, veteran-owned businesses, and minority-owned businesses.

"(b) Report.—Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a). To the extent possible, the Secretary shall disaggregate the results of such study by ethnic group and gender.

"(c) Information Provided to the Secretary.—Eligible institutions that participate in the Program shall provide the Secretary with such information as the Secretary may require to carry out the study required by this section.

"SEC. 4113. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

"It is the sense of Congress that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and other bank regulators are sending mixed messages to banks regarding regulatory capital requirements and lending standards, which is a contributing cause of decreased small business lending and increased regulatory uncertainty at community banks."
12 U.S.C. § 4405 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 45: PAYMENT SYSTEM RISK REDUCTION / Subchapter I: BILATERAL AND CLEARING ORGANIZATION NETTING / Section 4405: Preemption
Preemption
Status: in_force

No stay, injunction, avoidance, moratorium, or similar proceeding or order, whether issued or granted by a court, administrative agency, or otherwise, shall limit or delay application of otherwise enforceable netting contracts in accordance with sections 4403 and 4404 of this title.

(Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §405, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2375.)
12 U.S.C. § 4746 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 47: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BANKING / Subchapter II: SMALL BUSINESS CAPITAL ENHANCEMENT / Section 4746: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

(a) Reserve funds report

On or before the last day of each calendar quarter, a participating State shall submit to the Fund a report of contributions to reserve funds made by the participating State during the previous calendar quarter. If the participating State has made contributions to one or more reserve funds during the previous quarter, the report shall—

(1) indicate the total amount of such contributions;

(2) indicate the amount of contributions which is subject to reimbursement, which shall be equal to the total amount of contributions, unless one of the limitations contained in section 4747 of this title is applicable;

(3) if one of the limitations in section 4747 of this title is applicable, provide documentation of the applicability of such limitation for each loan for which the limitation applies; and

(4) include a certification by the participating State that—

(A) the information provided in accordance with paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) is accurate;

(B) funds in an amount meeting the minimum requirements of section 4743(b)(3) of this title continue to be available and legally committed to contributions by the State to reserve funds, less any amount that has been contributed by the State to reserve funds subsequent to the State being approved for participation in the Program;

(C) there has been no unapproved amendment to any participation agreement or the form of participation agreements; and

(D) the participating State is otherwise implementing the Program in accordance with this subchapter and regulations issued pursuant to section 4749 of this title.

(b) Annual data

Not later than March 31 of each year, each participating State shall submit to the Fund annual data indicating the number of borrowers financed under the Program, the total amount of covered loans, and breakdowns by industry type, loan size, annual sales, and number of employees of the borrowers financed.

(c) Form

The reports and data filed pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) shall be in such form as the Fund may require.

(Pub. L. 103–325, title II, §256, Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2212.)
12 U.S.C. § 1431 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 11: FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS / Section 1431: Powers and duties of banks
Powers and duties of banks
Status: in_force

(a) Borrowing money; issuing bonds and debentures; general powers

Each Federal Home Loan Bank shall have power, subject to rules and regulations prescribed by the Director, to borrow and give security therefor and to pay interest thereon, to issue debentures, bonds, or other obligations upon such terms and conditions as the Director may approve, and to do all things necessary for carrying out the provisions of this chapter and all things incident thereto.

(b) Issuance of consolidated Federal Home Loan Bank debentures; restrictions

The Office of Finance, as agent for the Banks, may issue consolidated Federal Home Loan Bank debentures which shall be the joint and several obligations of all Federal Home Loan Banks organized and existing under this chapter, in order to provide funds for any such bank or banks, and such debentures shall be issued upon such terms and conditions as such Office may prescribe. No such debentures shall be issued at any time if any of the assets of any Federal Home Loan Bank are pledged to secure any debts or subject to any lien, and neither the Office of Finance nor any Federal Home Loan Bank shall have power to pledge any of the assets of any Federal Home Loan Bank, or voluntarily to permit any lien to attach to the same while any of such debentures so issued are outstanding. The debentures issued under this section and outstanding shall at no time exceed five times the total paid-in capital of all the Federal Home Loan Banks as of the time of the issue of such debentures. It shall be the duty of the Office of Finance not to issue debentures under this section in excess of the notes or obligations of member institutions held and secured under section 1430(a) of this title by all the Federal Home Loan Banks.

(c) Issuance of Federal Home Loan Bank bonds

At any time that no debentures are outstanding under this chapter, or in order to refund all outstanding consolidated debentures issued under this section, the Office of Finance, as agent for the Banks, may issue consolidated Federal Home Loan Bank bonds which shall be the joint and several obligations of all the Federal Home Loan Banks, and shall be secured and be issued upon such terms and conditions as such Office may prescribe.

(d) Additional or substituted collateral on adjustment of equities

The Director shall have full power to require any Federal Home Loan Bank to deposit additional collateral or to make substitutions of collateral or to adjust equities between the Federal Home Loan Banks.

(e) Acceptance of deposits; restrictions on transaction of banking business; collection and settlement of checks, drafts, etc.; charges; rules and regulations

(1) Each Federal Home Loan Bank shall have power to accept deposits made by members of such bank or by any other Federal Home Loan Bank or other instrumentality of the United States, upon such terms and conditions as the Director may prescribe, but no Federal Home Loan Bank shall transact any banking or other business not incidental to activities authorized by this chapter.

(2)(A) The Director may, subject to such rules and regulations, including definitions of terms used in this paragraph, as the Director shall from time to time prescribe, authorize Federal Home Loan Banks to be drawees of, and to engage in, or be agents or intermediaries for, or otherwise participate or assist in, the collection and settlement of (including presentment, clearing, and payment of, and remitting for), checks, drafts, or any other negotiable or nonnegotiable items or instruments of payment drawn on or issued by members of any Federal Home Loan Bank or by institutions which are eligible to make application to become members pursuant to section 1424 of this title, and to have such incidental powers as the Director shall find necessary for the exercise of any such authorization.

(B) A Federal Home Loan Bank shall make charges, to be determined and regulated by the Director consistent with the principles set forth in section 248a(c) of this title, or utilize the services of, or act as agent for, or be a member of, a Federal Reserve bank, clearinghouse, or any other public or private financial institution or other agency, in the exercise of any powers or functions pursuant to this paragraph.

(C) The Director is authorized, with respect to participation in the collection and settlement of any items by Federal Home Loan Banks, and with respect to the collection and settlement (including payment by the payor institution) of items payable by Federal savings and loan associations and Federal mutual savings banks, to prescribe rules and regulations regarding the rights, powers, responsibilities, duties, and liabilities, including standards relating thereto, of such Federal Home Loan Banks, associations, or banks and other parties to any such items or their collection and settlement. In prescribing such rules and regulations, the Director may adopt or apply, in whole or in part, general banking usage and practices, and, in instances or respects in which they would otherwise not be applicable, Federal Reserve regulations and operating letters, the Uniform Commercial Code, and clearinghouse rules.

(f) Rediscount of notes held by other banks; purchase of bonds of other banks

The Director is authorized and empowered to permit or to require Federal Home Loan Banks, upon such terms and conditions as the Director may prescribe, to rediscount the discounted notes of members held by other Federal Home Loan Banks, or to make loans to, or make deposits with, such other Federal Home Loan Banks, or to purchase any bonds or debentures issued under this section.

(g) Reserves

Each Federal Home Loan Bank shall at all times have at least an amount equal to the current deposits received from its members invested in (1) obligations of the United States, (2) deposits in banks or trust companies, (3) advances with a maturity of not to exceed five years which are made to members, upon such terms and conditions as the Director may prescribe, and (4) advances with a maturity of not to exceed five years which are made to members whose creditor liabilities (not including advances from the Federal home loan bank) do not exceed 5 per centum of their net assets, and which may be made without the security of home mortgages or other security, upon such terms and conditions as the Director may prescribe.

(h) Investment of surplus funds

Such part of the assets of each Federal Home Loan Bank (except reserves and amounts provided for in subsection (g)) as are not required for advances to members, may be invested, to such extent as the bank may deem desirable and subject to such regulations, restrictions, and limitations as may be prescribed by the Director, in obligations of the United States, in obligations, participations, or other instruments of or issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Government National Mortgage Association, in mortgages, obligations, or other securities which are or ever have been sold by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation pursuant to section 1454 or section 1455 of this title, in the stock of the Federal National Mortgage Association, in stock, obligations, or other securities of any small business investment company formed pursuant to section 681 of title 15, for the purpose of aiding members of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, and in such securities as fiduciary and trust funds may be invested in under the laws of the State in which the Federal Home Loan Bank is located.

(i) Treasury purchase of banks' obligations; exercise of authority

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized in his discretion to purchase any obligations issued pursuant to this section, as heretofore, now, or hereafter in force and for such purpose the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public-debt transaction the proceeds of the sale of any securities hereafter issued under chapter 31 of title 31, as now or hereafter in force, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31, as now or hereafter in force, are extended to include such purchases. The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, sell, upon such terms and conditions and at such price or prices as he shall determine, any of the obligations acquired by him under this subsection. All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such obligations under this subsection shall be treated as public-debt transactions of the United States. The Secretary of the Treasury shall not at any time purchase any obligations under this paragraph if such purchase would increase the aggregate principal amount of his then outstanding holdings of such obligations under this paragraph to an amount greater than $4,000,000,000. Each purchase of obligations by the Secretary of the Treasury under this subsection shall be upon terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury and shall bear such rate of interest as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the current average market yield for the month preceding the month of such purchase on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States.

In addition to obligations authorized to be purchased by the preceding paragraph, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to purchase any obligations issued pursuant to this section in amounts not to exceed $2,000,000,000. The authority provided in this paragraph shall expire August 10, 1975.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the authority provided in this subsection may be exercised during any calendar quarter beginning after October 28, 1974, only if the Secretary of the Treasury and the Chairperson of the Director 1 certify to the Congress that (1) alternative means cannot be effectively employed to permit members of the Federal Home Loan Bank System to continue to supply reasonable amounts of funds to the mortgage market, and (2) the ability to supply such funds is substantially impaired because of monetary stringency and a high level of interest rates. Any funds borrowed under this subsection shall be repaid by the Home Loan Banks at the earliest practicable date.

(j) Audits

Notwithstanding the provisions of section 9105(a)(1)(B) 2 of title 31, audits by the Government Accountability Office of the financial transactions of a Federal Home Loan Bank shall not be limited to periods during which Government capital has been invested therein. The provisions of sections 9107(c)(2) and 9108(d)(1) of title 31 shall not apply to any Federal Home Loan Bank.

(k) Bank loans to the Deposit Insurance Fund

(1) Loans authorized

Subject to paragraph (3), the Federal Home Loan Banks may, upon the request of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, make loans to such Corporation for the use of the Deposit Insurance Fund.

(2) Liability of the Fund

Any loan by a Federal Home Loan Bank pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be a direct liability of the Deposit Insurance Fund.

(3) Interest on and security for such loans

Any loan by a Federal Home Loan Bank pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—

(A) bear a rate of interest not less than such Bank's current marginal cost of funds, taking into account the maturities involved; and

(B) be adequately secured.

(l) Temporary authority of Treasury to purchase obligations; conditions

(1) Authority to purchase

(A) General authority

In addition to the authority under subsection (i) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to purchase any obligations issued by any Federal Home Loan Bank under any section of this chapter, on such terms and conditions as the Secretary may determine and in such amounts as the Secretary may determine. Nothing in this subsection requires a Federal Home Loan Bank to issue obligations or securities to the Secretary without mutual agreement between the Secretary and the Federal Home Loan Bank. Nothing in this subsection permits or authorizes the Secretary, without the agreement of the Federal Home Loan Bank, to engage in open market purchases of the common securities of any Federal Home Loan Bank.

(B) Emergency determination required

In connection with any use of this authority, the Secretary must determine that such actions are necessary to—

(i) provide stability to the financial markets;

(ii) prevent disruptions in the availability of mortgage finance; and

(iii) protect the taxpayer.

(C) Considerations

To protect the taxpayers, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take into consideration the following in connection with exercising the authority contained in this paragraph:

(i) The need for preferences or priorities regarding payments to the Government.

(ii) Limits on maturity or disposition of obligations or securities to be purchased.

(iii) The Federal Home Loan Bank's plan for the orderly resumption of private market funding or capital market access.

(iv) The probability of the Federal Home Loan Bank fulfilling the terms of any such obligation or other security, including repayment.

(v) The need to maintain the Federal Home Loan Bank's status as a private shareholder-owned company.

(vi) Restrictions on the use of Federal Home Loan Bank resources, including limitations on the payment of dividends and executive compensation and any such other terms and conditions as appropriate for those purposes.

(D) Reports to Congress

Upon exercise of this authority, the Secretary shall report to the Committees on the Budget, Financial Services, and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committees on the Budget, Finance, and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate as to the necessity for the purchase and the determinations made by the Secretary under subparagraph (B) and with respect to the considerations required under subparagraph (C), and the size, terms, and probability of repayment or fulfillment of other terms of such purchase.

(2) Rights; sale of obligations and securities

(A) Exercise of rights

The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, exercise any rights received in connection with such purchases.

(B) Sale of obligations

The Secretary of the Treasury may, at any time, subject to the terms of the security or otherwise upon terms and conditions and at prices determined by the Secretary, sell any obligation acquired by the Secretary under this subsection.

(C) Deficit reduction

The Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit in the General Fund of the Treasury any amounts received by the Secretary from the sale of any obligation acquired by the Secretary under this subsection, where such amounts shall be—

(i) dedicated for the sole purpose of deficit reduction; and

(ii) prohibited from use as an offset for other spending increases or revenue reductions.

(D) Application of sunset to purchased obligations

The authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to hold, exercise any rights received in connection with, or sell, any obligations purchased is not subject to the provisions of paragraph (4).

(3) Funding

For the purpose of the authorities granted in this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury may use the proceeds of the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31 are extended to include such purchases and the exercise of any rights in connection with such purchases. Any funds expended for the purchase of, or modifications to, obligations and securities, or the exercise of any rights received in connection with such purchases under this subsection shall be deemed appropriated at the time of such purchase, modification, or exercise.

(4) Termination of authority

The authority under this subsection (l), with the exception of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, shall expire December 31, 2009.

(5) Authority of the Director with respect to executive compensation

The Director shall have the power to approve, disapprove, or modify the executive compensation of the Federal Home Loan Bank, as defined under Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. 229.

(July 22, 1932, ch. 522, §11, 47 Stat. 733; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, §503, 48 Stat. 1261; June 27, 1950, ch. 369, §§3, 4, 64 Stat. 257; Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title II, §204(a), 68 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 88–560, title VII, §701(d)(1), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 90–448, title VIII, §807(k), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 545; Pub. L. 91–151, title I, §3, Dec. 23, 1969, 83 Stat. 374; Pub. L. 91–609, title IX, §914, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1815; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §805(c)(2), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 93–495, title I, §112, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1506; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §324, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1121; Pub. L. 96–221, title III, §311, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 97–320, title I, §125(c), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1485; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §§701(b)(1)–(3)(A), (c), 709, 710(b)(6), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 412, 418; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2704(d)(11)(A), div. D, title II, §208(h)(2), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–489, 3009–747; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–171, title II, §2102(b), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 109–173, §9(d)(1), Feb. 15, 2006, 119 Stat. 3616; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1117(c), title II, §1204(3), (8), (9), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2686, 2786; Pub. L. 111–203, title XIII, §1304(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2134.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 9105 of title 31, referred to in subsec. (j), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–576, title III, §305, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2853, and, as so amended, subsec. (a) does not contain a par. (1)(B). Prior to the general amendment, subsec. (a)(1)(B) related to audits of mixed-ownership Government corporations during periods in which capital of the United States Government was invested therein.

Codification

In subsecs. (i) (first par.) and (j), "chapter 31 of title 31" substituted for "the Second Liberty Bond Act", and "section 9105(a)(1)(B) of title 31" and "sections 9107(c)(2) and 9108(d)(1) of title 31" substituted for "the first sentence of section 202 of the Government Corporation Control Act [31 U.S.C. 857]" and "the first sentence of subsection (d) of section 303 of the Government Corporation Control Act [31 U.S.C. 868(d)]", respectively, on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (l)(2)(C), (D). Pub. L. 111–203 added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

2008—Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(9), substituted "The Director" for "The Board" wherever appearing in subsecs. (d) to (f).

Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(8), substituted "the Director" for "the Board" wherever appearing in subsecs. (a) and (e) to (i).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(3)(A), substituted "The Office of Finance, as agent for the Banks," for "The Board" and "such Office" for "the Board" in first sentence and "the Office of Finance" for "the Board" in second and fourth sentences.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(3)(B), substituted "the Office of Finance, as agent for the Banks," for "the Board" before "may issue" and "such Office" for "the Board" before "may prescribe".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289, §1204(3)(C), struck out the two commas after "permit" and inserted "or" and struck out the comma after "require".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 110–289, §1117(c), added subsec. (l).

2006—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–173 substituted "the Deposit Insurance Fund" for "SAIF" in heading and "Deposit Insurance Fund" for "Savings Association Insurance Fund" in pars. (1) and (2).

Pub. L. 109–171 repealed Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(11)(A). See 1996 Amendment note below.

2004—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

1996—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–208, §208(h)(2), substituted "section 681 of title 15" for "section 681(d) of title 15".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 104–208, §2704(d)(11)(A), which directed the amendment of subsec. (k) by substituting "the Deposit Insurance Fund" for "SAIF" in heading and "Deposit Insurance Fund" for "Savings Association Insurance Fund" in pars. (1) and (2), was repealed by Pub. L. 109–171. See Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note below and 2006 Amendment note above.

1989—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 101–73, §709(1), inserted "incidental to activities" after "other business not".

Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board".

Subsec. (e)(2)(C). Pub. L. 101–73, §701(c)(1), which directed insertion of "Federal Home Loan" before "Banks," was executed the second time that term appeared, because "Federal Home Loan" already preceded the term "Banks," the first place it appeared.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–73, §709(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (f) by striking out "or whenever in the judgment of at least 4 members of the board an emergency exists requiring such action" after "empowered to permit,", was executed by striking out "or whenever in the judgment of at least four members of the board an emergency exists requiring such action", as the probable intent of Congress. The amendment probably should also have struck out the comma after "empowered to permit" and the words ", to require," after "such action".

Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–73, §710(b)(6), struck out "or nonmember borrowers" after "made to members" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–73, §710(b)(6), struck out "or nonmember borrowers" after "advances to members".

Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (3)(A), substituted "Board" for "board".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–73, §701(c)(2), inserted "Federal" before "Home Loan Bank System".

Pub. L. 101–73, §701(b)(1), (2), substituted "Chairperson of the Board" for "Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 101–73, §709(3), amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows: "The Federal Home Loan Banks are hereby authorized, as directed by the Board, to make loans to the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. All such loans shall be made in accordance with the provisions of section 1725(d) of this title."

1982—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 97–320 added subsec. (k).

1980—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–221 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1979—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–153 inserted provisions relating to stock, obligations, or other securities of any small business investment company formed pursuant to section 681(d) of title 15, for the purpose of aiding members of the Federal Home Loan Bank System.

1974—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–383 inserted reference to mortgages, obligations, or other securities sold by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation pursuant to section 1454 or 1455 of this title.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 93–495 substituted "obligations under this paragraph" for "obligations under this subsection" wherever appearing in fourth sentence of initial par., in second par. substituted provisions authorizing purchase of obligations issued pursuant to this section in amounts not to exceed $2,000,000,000, for provisions relating to exercise of authority of this subsection by the Secretary of the Treasury, and added third par.

1970—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–609 substituted "five years" for "one year" in items (3) and (4).

1969—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 91–151 increased the borrowing limit to $4,000,000,000 and made it a requirement that the rate charged on such borrowing be set at the current market yield on Treasury obligations and added a new paragraph which allows the Secretary to permit members of the Home Loan Bank System to continue to supply funds to the mortgage market during tight market conditions.

1968—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 90–448 inserted "or the Government National Mortgage Association, in the stock of the Federal National Mortgage Association".

1964—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 88–560 substituted "in obligations, participations, or other instruments of or issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association" for "in obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association".

1954—Subsec. (h). Act Aug. 2, 1954, inserted reference to obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association.

1950—Subsec. (g). Act June 27, 1950, §3, struck out requirement that sums paid in on outstanding capital subscriptions of members from the base for determining the amount of money which the Federal Home Loan Banks shall at all times have invested.

Subsecs. (i), (j). Act June 27, 1950, §4, added subsecs. (i) and (j).

1934—Subsecs. (i), (j). Act June 27, 1934, among other changes, struck out subsecs. (i) and (j).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–173 effective Mar. 31, 2006, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 109–173, set out as a note under section 24 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–171 effective no later than the first day of the first calendar quarter that begins after the end of the 90-day period beginning Feb. 8, 2006, see section 2102(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as a Merger of BIF and SAIF note under section 1821 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by section 2704(d)(11)(A) of Pub. L. 104–208 effective Jan. 1, 1999, if no insured depository institution is a savings association on that date, see section 2704(c) of Pub. L. 104–208, formerly set out as a note under section 1821 of this title.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by title VIII of Pub. L. 90–448, see section 808 of Pub. L. 90–448, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1716b of this title.

1 So in original. See 2008 Amendment note below.

2 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 2162 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 23: FARM CREDIT SYSTEM / Subchapter IV: PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO TWO OR MORE CLASSES OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM / Section 2162: Protection of borrower stock
Protection of borrower stock
Status: in_force

(a) Retirement of stock

Notwithstanding any other section of this chapter, each institution of the Farm Credit System, when retiring eligible borrower stock in accordance with this chapter, shall retire such stock at par value.

(b) Certain powers not affected

This section does not affect the authority of any institution of the Farm Credit System—

(1) to retire or cancel borrower stock at par value for application against a loan in default;

(2) to cancel borrower stock at par value under section 2202b of this title; or

(3) to apply, against any outstanding indebtedness to a System association arising out of or in connection with a liquidation referred to in subsection (d)(2), the par value of borrower stock frozen in such liquidation.

(c) Inability to retire stock at par value

(1) In general

If an institution is unable to retire eligible borrower stock at par value due to the liquidation of the institution, the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, acting as receiver, shall retire such stock at par value as would have been retired in the ordinary course of business of the institution.

(2) Funding

The Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation shall use such funds from the Farm Credit Insurance Fund as are sufficient to carry out this section.

(d) Definitions

For purposes of this section:

(1) Borrower stock

The term "borrower stock" means voting and nonvoting stock, equivalent contributions to a guaranty fund, participation certificates, allocated equities, and other similar equities that are subject to retirement under a revolving cycle issued by any System institution and held by any person other than any System institution.

(2) Eligible borrower stock

The term "eligible borrower stock" means borrower stock that—

(A) is outstanding on January 6, 1988;

(B) is issued or allocated after January 6, 1988, but prior to the earlier of—

(i) in the case of each bank and association, the date of approval, by the stockholders of such bank or association, of the capitalization requirements of the institution in accordance with section 2154a of this title; or

(ii) the date that is 9 months after January 6, 1988;

(C) was, after January 1, 1983, but before January 6, 1988, frozen by an institution that was placed in liquidation; or

(D) was retired at less than par value by an institution that was placed in liquidation after January 1, 1983, but before January 6, 1988.

(3) Institution

The term "institution" means a bank or association chartered under this chapter.

(4) Par value

The term "par value" means—

(A) in the case of stock, par value;

(B) in the case of participation certificates and other equities and interests not described in subparagraph (C), face or equivalent value; or

(C) in the case of participation certificates and allocated equities subject to retirement under a revolving cycle but that a System institution elects to retire out of order for application against a loan in default or otherwise as provided in this chapter, par or face value discounted, at a rate determined by the institution, to reflect the present value of the equity or interest as of the date of such retirement.

(Pub. L. 92–181, title IV, §4.9A, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title I, §101, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1572; amended Pub. L. 100–399, title I, §101(b)–(d), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 989; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5411(20), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4681.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4.9A of Pub. L. 92–181, which authorized a central reserve for Farm Credit System, was classified to section 2161 of this title and was repealed by Pub. L. 100–399, §101(a).

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–334 inserted par. (1) designation and heading before "If an institution", substituted "the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, acting as receiver," for "the receiver of the institution" and "business of the institution." for "business of the institution, and—", added par. (2), and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

"(1) during the 5-year period beginning on January 6, 1988, the Assistance Board shall direct the Financial Assistance Corporation to provide the receiver with sufficient funds to enable the receiver to carry out this subsection; and

"(2) after such 5-year period, the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation shall provide the receiver with sufficient funds from the Farm Credit Insurance Fund to enable the receiver to carry out this subsection."

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–399, §101(b), struck out provision that an institution whose capital stock is impaired coordinate retirement of stock under this section with the activities of the Assistance Board and the Financial Assistance Corporation.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–399, §101(c), inserted "stock" in subsec. heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "If an institution is unable to retire eligible borrower stock at par value due to the freezing of such stock during a liquidation of the institution, the receiver of the institution shall retire such stock at par value as would have been retired in the ordinary course of business of the institution and the Financial Assistance Corporation, on request of the Assistance Board, shall provide the receiver with sufficient funds to enable the receiver to carry out this subsection."

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–399, §101(d), in introductory provision substituted "issued or allocated" for "required to be purchased, and is purchased, as a condition of obtaining a loan made" and in cl. (i) substituted "section 2154a of this title" for "section 4.9B".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–399 effective as if enacted immediately after enactment of Pub. L. 100–233, which was approved Jan. 6, 1988, see section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 100–399, set out as a note under section 2002 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 5537 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5537: Senior investor protections
Senior investor protections
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

As used in this section—

(1) the term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a securities commission (or any agency or office performing like functions) of a State that the Office determines has adopted rules on the appropriate use of designations in the offer or sale of securities or the provision of investment advice that meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the NASAA Model Rule on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations (or any successor thereto);

(B) the insurance commission (or any agency or office performing like functions) of any State that the Office determines has—

(i) adopted rules on the appropriate use of designations in the sale of insurance products that, to the extent practicable, conform to the minimum requirements of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners Model Regulation on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations in the Sale of Life Insurance and Annuities (or any successor thereto); and

(ii) adopted rules with respect to fiduciary or suitability requirements in the sale of annuities that meet or exceed the minimum requirements established by the Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (or any successor thereto); or

(C) a consumer protection agency of any State, if—

(i) the securities commission (or any agency or office performing like functions) of the State is eligible under subparagraph (A); or

(ii) the insurance commission (or any agency or office performing like functions) of the State is eligible under subparagraph (B);

(2) the term "financial product" means a security, an insurance product (including an insurance product that pays a return, whether fixed or variable), a bank product, and a loan product;

(3) the term "misleading designation"—

(A) means a certification, professional designation, or other purported credential that indicates or implies that a salesperson or adviser has special certification or training in advising or servicing seniors; and

(B) does not include a certification, professional designation, license, or other credential that—

(i) was issued by or obtained from an academic institution having regional accreditation;

(ii) meets the standards for certifications and professional designations outlined by the NASAA Model Rule on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations (or any successor thereto) or by the Model Regulations on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations in the Sale of Life Insurance and Annuities, adopted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (or any successor thereto); or

(iii) was issued by or obtained from a State;

(4) the term "misleading or fraudulent marketing" means the use of a misleading designation by a person that sells to or advises a senior in connection with the sale of a financial product;

(5) the term "NASAA" means the North American Securities Administrators Association;

(6) the term "Office" means the Office of Financial Literacy of the Bureau;

(7) the term "senior" means any individual who has attained the age of 62 years or older; and

(8) the term "State" has the same meaning as in section 78c(a) of title 15.

(b) Grants to States for enhanced protection of seniors from being misled by false designations

The Office shall establish a program under which the Office may make grants to States or eligible entities—

(1) to hire staff to identify, investigate, and prosecute (through civil, administrative, or criminal enforcement actions) cases involving misleading or fraudulent marketing;

(2) to fund technology, equipment, and training for regulators, prosecutors, and law enforcement officers, in order to identify salespersons and advisers who target seniors through the use of misleading designations;

(3) to fund technology, equipment, and training for prosecutors to increase the successful prosecution of salespersons and advisers who target seniors with the use of misleading designations;

(4) to provide educational materials and training to regulators on the appropriateness of the use of designations by salespersons and advisers in connection with the sale and marketing of financial products;

(5) to provide educational materials and training to seniors to increase awareness and understanding of misleading or fraudulent marketing;

(6) to develop comprehensive plans to combat misleading or fraudulent marketing of financial products to seniors; and

(7) to enhance provisions of State law to provide protection for seniors against misleading or fraudulent marketing.

(c) Applications

A State or eligible entity desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Office, in such form and in such a manner as the Office may determine, that includes—

(1) a proposal for activities to protect seniors from misleading or fraudulent marketing that are proposed to be funded using a grant under this section, including—

(A) an identification of the scope of the problem of misleading or fraudulent marketing in the State;

(B) a description of how the proposed activities would—

(i) protect seniors from misleading or fraudulent marketing in the sale of financial products, including by proactively identifying victims of misleading and fraudulent marketing who are seniors;

(ii) assist in the investigation and prosecution of those using misleading or fraudulent marketing; and

(iii) discourage and reduce cases of misleading or fraudulent marketing; and

(C) a description of how the proposed activities would be coordinated with other State efforts; and

(2) any other information, as the Office determines is appropriate.

(d) Performance objectives and reporting requirements

The Office may establish such performance objectives and reporting requirements for States and eligible entities receiving a grant under this section as the Office determines are necessary to carry out and assess the effectiveness of the program under this section.

(e) Maximum amount

The amount of a grant under this section may not exceed—

(1) $500,000 for each of 3 consecutive fiscal years, if the recipient is a State, or an eligible entity of a State, that has adopted rules—

(A) on the appropriate use of designations in the offer or sale of securities or investment advice that meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the NASAA Model Rule on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations (or any successor thereto);

(B) on the appropriate use of designations in the sale of insurance products that, to the extent practicable, conform to the minimum requirements of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners Model Regulation on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations in the Sale of Life Insurance and Annuities (or any successor thereto); and

(C) with respect to fiduciary or suitability requirements in the sale of annuities that meet or exceed the minimum requirements established by the Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (or any successor thereto); and

(2) $100,000 for each of 3 consecutive fiscal years, if the recipient is a State, or an eligible entity of a State, that has adopted—

(A) rules on the appropriate use of designations in the offer or sale of securities or investment advice that meet or exceed the minimum requirements of the NASAA Model Rule on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations (or any successor thereto); or

(B) rules—

(i) on the appropriate use of designations in the sale of insurance products that, to the extent practicable, conform to the minimum requirements of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners Model Regulation on the Use of Senior-Specific Certifications and Professional Designations in the Sale of Life Insurance and Annuities (or any successor thereto); and

(ii) with respect to fiduciary or suitability requirements in the sale of annuities that meet or exceed the minimum requirements established by the Suitability in Annuity Transactions Model Regulation of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (or any successor thereto).

(f) Subgrants

A State or eligible entity that receives a grant under this section may make a subgrant, as the State or eligible entity determines is necessary to carry out the activities funded using a grant under this section.

(g) Reapplication

A State or eligible entity that receives a grant under this section may reapply for a grant under this section, notwithstanding the limitations on grant amounts under subsection (e).

(h) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §989A, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1941.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of subtitle C of title X of Pub. L. 111–203, which comprises this part.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 3205 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 33: DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT INTERLOCKS / Section 3205: Management official in position prior to November 10, 1978
Management official in position prior to November 10, 1978
Status: in_force

(a) Continuation of service

A person whose service in a position as a management official began prior to November 10, 1978, and who was not immediately prior to November 10, 1978, in violation of section 19 of title 15 is not prohibited by section 3202 or section 3203 of this title from continuing to serve in that position. The appropriate Federal depository institutions regulatory agency may provide a reasonable period of time for compliance with this chapter, not exceeding fifteen months, after any change in circumstances which makes service described in the preceding sentence prohibited by this chapter, except that a merger, acquisition, increase in total assets, establishment of one or more offices, or change in management responsibilities shall not constitute changes in circumstances which would make such service prohibited by section 3202 or section 3203 of this title.

(b) Depository institution and diversified savings and loan holding company

Effective on November 10, 1978, a person who serves as a management official of a company which is not a depository institution or a depository holding company and as a management official of a depository institution or a depository holding company is not prohibited from continuing to serve as a management official of that depository institution or depository holding company as a result of that company which is not a depository institution or depository holding company becoming a diversified savings and loan holding company as that term is defined in section 1730a(a) 1 of this title.

(Pub. L. 95–630, title II, §206, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3674; Pub. L. 97–110, title III, §302, Dec. 26, 1981, 95 Stat. 1515; Pub. L. 100–650, §§5(b)(2), 6, Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3820, 3821; Pub. L. 103–325, title III, §338(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2235; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2210(b), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–410.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1730a of this title, referred to in subsec. (b), was repealed by Pub. L. 101–73, title IV, §407, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 363.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, §2210(b)(1), struck out "for a period of, subject to the requirements of subsection (c) of this section, 20 years after November 10, 1978" after "continuing to serve in that position".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–208, §2210(b)(2), struck out at end "This subsection shall expire, subject to the requirements of subsection (c) of this section, 20 years after November 10, 1978."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–208, §2210(b)(3), struck out subsec. (c) which related to review of existing management interlocks.

1994—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 103–325, §338(a)(1), substituted ", subject to the requirements of subsection (c) of this section, 20 years after November 10, 1978" for "15 years after November 10, 1978".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–325, §338(a)(2), added subsec. (c).

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–650, §5(b)(2), substituted "depository institutions regulatory agency" for "banking agency (as set forth in section 3207 of this title)".

Pub. L. 100–650, §6, substituted "15 years" for "ten years".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–650, §6, substituted "15 years" for "ten years".

1981—Pub. L. 97–110 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted provision that a merger, acquisition, increase in total assets, establishment of one or more offices, or change in management responsibilities shall not constitute changes in circumstances which would make such service prohibited by section 3202 or 3203 of this title, and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective upon the expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 2101 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 375b of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 5103 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 51: SECURE AND FAIR ENFORCEMENT FOR MORTGAGE LICENSING / Section 5103: License or registration required
License or registration required
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to the existence of a licensing or registration regime, as the case may be, an individual may not engage in the business of a loan originator without first—

(1) obtaining, and maintaining annually—

(A) a registration as a registered loan originator; or

(B) a license and registration as a State-licensed loan originator; and

(2) obtaining a unique identifier.

(b) Loan processors and underwriters

(1) Supervised loan processors and underwriters

A loan processor or underwriter who does not represent to the public, through advertising or other means of communicating or providing information (including the use of business cards, stationery, brochures, signs, rate lists, or other promotional items), that such individual can or will perform any of the activities of a loan originator shall not be required to be a State-licensed loan originator.

(2) Independent contractors

An independent contractor may not engage in residential mortgage loan origination activities as a loan processor or underwriter unless such independent contractor is a State-licensed loan originator.

(Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title V, §1504, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2814.)