50 U.S.C. § 1804 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 36: FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE / Subchapter I: ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE / Section 1804: Applications for court orders
Applications for court orders
Status: in_force

(a) Submission by Federal officer; approval of Attorney General; contents

Each application for an order approving electronic surveillance under this subchapter shall be made by a Federal officer in writing upon oath or affirmation to a judge having jurisdiction under section 1803 of this title. Each application shall require the approval of the Attorney General based upon his finding that it satisfies the criteria and requirements of such application as set forth in this subchapter. It shall include—

(1) the identity of the Federal officer making the application;

(2) the identity, if known, or a description of the specific target of the electronic surveillance;

(3) a sworn statement of the facts and circumstances relied upon by the applicant to justify his belief that—

(A) the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power, and, in the case of a target that is a United States person alleged to be acting as an agent of a foreign power (as described in section 1801(b)(2)(B) of this title), that a violation of the criminal statutes of the United States as referred to in section 1801(b)(2)(B) of this title has occurred or is about to occur; and

(B) each of the facilities or places at which the electronic surveillance is directed is being used, or is about to be used, by a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power;

(4) a statement of the proposed minimization procedures;

(5) a description of the nature of the information sought and the type of communications or activities to be subjected to the surveillance;

(6) a certification or certifications by the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, an executive branch official or officials designated by the President from among those executive officers employed in the area of national security or defense and appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, or the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, if designated by the President as a certifying official—

(A) that the certifying official deems the information sought to be foreign intelligence information;

(B) that a significant purpose of the surveillance is to obtain foreign intelligence information;

(C) that such information cannot reasonably be obtained by normal investigative techniques;

(D) that designates the type of foreign intelligence information being sought according to the categories described in section 1801(e) of this title;

(E) including a statement of the basis for the certification that—

(i) the information sought is the type of foreign intelligence information designated; and

(ii) such information cannot reasonably be obtained by normal investigative techniques; and 1

(F) that none of the information included in the statement described in paragraph (3) was solely produced by, derived from information produced by, or obtained using the funds of, a political organization (as such term is defined in section 527 of title 26), unless—

(i) the political organization is clearly identified in the body of the statement described in paragraph (3);

(ii) the information has been corroborated; and

(iii) the investigative techniques used to corroborate the information are clearly identified in the body of the statement described in paragraph (3); and

(G) that none of the information included in the statement described in paragraph (3) is attributable to or derived from the content of a media source unless the statement includes a clear identification of each author of that content, and where applicable, the publisher of that content, information to corroborate that which was derived from the media source, and an explanation of the investigative techniques used to corroborate the information;

(7) a summary statement of the means by which the surveillance will be effected and a statement whether physical entry is required to effect the surveillance;

(8) a statement of the facts concerning all previous applications that have been made to any judge under this subchapter involving any of the persons, facilities, or places specified in the application, and the action taken on each previous application;

(9) a statement of the period of time for which the electronic surveillance is required to be maintained, and if the nature of the intelligence gathering is such that the approval of the use of electronic surveillance under this subchapter should not automatically terminate when the described type of information has first been obtained, a description of facts supporting the belief that additional information of the same type will be obtained thereafter; and 1

(10) with respect to a target who is a United States person, a statement summarizing the investigative techniques carried out before making the application;

(11) in the case of an application for an extension of an order under this subchapter for a surveillance targeted against a United States person, a summary statement of the foreign intelligence information obtained pursuant to the original order (and any preceding extension thereof) as of the date of the application for the extension, or a reasonable explanation of the failure to obtain such information; and 1

(12) a certification by the applicant or declarant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant or declarant, the Attorney General or a designated attorney for the Government has been apprised of all information that might reasonably—

(A) call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or

(B) otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under section 1805(a) of this title.2

(13) non-cumulative information known to the applicant or declarant that is potentially exculpatory regarding the requested legal findings or any assessment in the application.

(b) Additional affidavits or certifications

The Attorney General may require any other affidavit or certification from any other officer in connection with the application.

(c) Additional information

The judge may require the applicant to furnish such other information as may be necessary to make the determinations required by section 1805 of this title.

(d) Personal review by Attorney General

(1)(A) Upon written request of the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, the Director of National Intelligence, or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Attorney General shall personally review under subsection (a) an application under that subsection for a target described in section 1801(b)(2) of this title.

(B) Except when disabled or otherwise unavailable to make a request referred to in subparagraph (A), an official referred to in that subparagraph may not delegate the authority to make a request referred to in that subparagraph.

(C) Each official referred to in subparagraph (A) with authority to make a request under that subparagraph shall take appropriate actions in advance to ensure that delegation of such authority is clearly established in the event such official is disabled or otherwise unavailable to make such request.

(2)(A) If as a result of a request under paragraph (1) the Attorney General determines not to approve an application under the second sentence of subsection (a) for purposes of making the application under this section, the Attorney General shall provide written notice of the determination to the official making the request for the review of the application under that paragraph. Except when disabled or otherwise unavailable to make a determination under the preceding sentence, the Attorney General may not delegate the responsibility to make a determination under that sentence. The Attorney General shall take appropriate actions in advance to ensure that delegation of such responsibility is clearly established in the event the Attorney General is disabled or otherwise unavailable to make such determination.

(B) Notice with respect to an application under subparagraph (A) shall set forth the modifications, if any, of the application that are necessary in order for the Attorney General to approve the application under the second sentence of subsection (a) for purposes of making the application under this section.

(C) Upon review of any modifications of an application set forth under subparagraph (B), the official notified of the modifications under this paragraph shall modify the application if such official determines that such modification is warranted. Such official shall supervise the making of any modification under this subparagraph. Except when disabled or otherwise unavailable to supervise the making of any modification under the preceding sentence, such official may not delegate the responsibility to supervise the making of any modification under that preceding sentence. Each such official shall take appropriate actions in advance to ensure that delegation of such responsibility is clearly established in the event such official is disabled or otherwise unavailable to supervise the making of such modification.

(Pub. L. 95–511, title I, §104, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1788; Pub. L. 106–567, title VI, §602(a), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2851; Pub. L. 107–56, title II, §218, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1071(e), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3691; Pub. L. 109–177, title I, §108(a)(1), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 203; Pub. L. 110–261, title I, §104, July 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 2460; Pub. L. 111–259, title VIII, §806(a)(2), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2748; Pub. L. 118–49, §§6(a)(1), (b)(1), (c)(1), (d)(1), (e)(1), (f)(1), 10(a)(1), (b)(1), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 870–873, 875, 877.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 118–49, §6(a)(1), substituted "a sworn statement of" for "a statement of" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 118–49, §6(f)(1), inserted ", and, in the case of a target that is a United States person alleged to be acting as an agent of a foreign power (as described in section 1801(b)(2)(B) of this title), that a violation of the criminal statutes of the United States as referred to in section 1801(b)(2)(B) of this title has occurred or is about to occur" after "an agent of a foreign power".

Subsec. (a)(6)(F). Pub. L. 118–49, §6(b)(1), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (a)(6)(G). Pub. L. 118–49, §6(c)(1), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 118–49, §6(d)(1), added par. (10).

Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 118–49, §6(e)(1), added par. (11).

Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 118–49, §10(a)(1), added par. (12).

Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 118–49, §10(b)(1), added par. (13).

2010—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–259 made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 108–458, §1071(e). See 2004 Amendment note below.

2008—Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 110–261, §104(1)(A), (B), redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (2) to (4), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "the authority conferred on the Attorney General by the President of the United States and the approval of the Attorney General to make the application;".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 110–261, §104(1)(B), (C), redesignated par. (6) as (5) and struck out "detailed" before "description". Former par. (5) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 110–261, §104(1)(B), (D), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and substituted "Affairs," for "Affairs or" and "Senate, or the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, if designated by the President as a certifying official—" for "Senate—" in introductory provisions. Former par. (6) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 110–261, §104(1)(B), (E), redesignated par. (8) as (7) and substituted "summary statement of" for "statement of". Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(8) to (11). Pub. L. 110–261, §104(1)(A), (B), redesignated pars. (9) and (10) as (8) and (9), respectively, and struck out par. (11) which read as follows: "whenever more than one electronic, mechanical or other surveillance device is to be used with respect to a particular proposed electronic surveillance, the coverage of the devices involved and what minimization procedures apply to information acquired by each device." Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 110–261, §104(2)–(4), redesignated subsecs. (c) to (e) as (b) to (d), respectively, in subsec. (d)(1)(A) substituted "the Director of National Intelligence, or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency" for "or the Director of National Intelligence", and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to exclusion of certain information respecting foreign power targets.

2006—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–177 inserted "specific" before "target".

2004—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–458, §1071(e), as amended by Pub. L. 111–259, substituted "Director of National Intelligence" for "Director of Central Intelligence".

2001—Subsec. (a)(7)(B). Pub. L. 107–56 substituted "a significant purpose" for "the purpose".

2000—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–567 added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2024 Amendment

Pub. L. 118–49, §6(a)(5), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 870, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 1823, 1881b, and 1881c of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §6(b)(3), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 871, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 1823 of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §6(c)(3), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 872, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 1823 of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §6(d)(2), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 872, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §6(e)(3), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 873, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 1823 of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §6(f)(3), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 873, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 1823 of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §10(a)(6), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 877, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 1823, 1842, 1862, 1881b, and 1881c of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Pub. L. 118–49, §10(b)(6), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 878, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 1823, 1842, 1862, 1881b, and 1881c of this title] shall apply with respect to applications made on or after the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024]."

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–261 effective July 10, 2008, except as provided in section 404 of Pub. L. 110–261, set out as a Transition Procedures note under section 1801 of this title, see section 402 of Pub. L. 110–261, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 1801 of this title.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out in an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of this title.

Accuracy Procedures

Pub. L. 118–49, §10(a)(7), Apr. 20, 2024, 138 Stat. 877, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 20, 2024], the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall issue procedures governing the review of case files, as appropriate, to ensure that applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under title I or III of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.[, 1821 et seq.]) that target United States persons are accurate and complete."

Executive Documents

Designation of Certain Officials To Make Certifications

For designation of certain officials to make certifications required by subsec. (a)(7) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12139, May 23, 1979, 44 F.R. 30311, set out under section 1802 of this title.

1 So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.

2 So in original. The period probably should be "; and".
50 U.S.C. § 3812 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 49: MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE / Section 3812: Nonapplicability of certain laws
Nonapplicability of certain laws
Status: in_force

(a) Certain provisions in title 18 or Act August 2, 1939

Nothing in sections 203, 205, or 207 of title 18 or in the second sentence of subsection (a) of section 9 of the Act of August 2, 1939 (53 Stat. 1148), entitled "An Act to prevent pernicious political activities", as amended, shall be deemed to apply to any person because of his appointment under authority of this chapter or the regulations made pursuant thereto as an uncompensated official of the Selective Service System, or as an individual to conduct hearings on appeals of persons claiming exemption from combatant or noncombatant training because of conscientious objections, or as a member of the National Selective Service Appeal Board.

(b) Administrative Procedure Act

All functions performed under this chapter shall be excluded from the operation of the Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 237) [5 U.S.C. 551 et seq. and 701 et seq.] except as to the requirements of section 3 of such Act [5 U.S.C. 552]. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, no regulation issued under this Act shall become effective until the expiration of thirty days following the date on which such regulation has been published in the Federal Register. After the publication of any regulation and prior to the date on which such regulation becomes effective, any person shall be given an opportunity to submit his views to the Director on such regulation, but no formal hearing shall be required on any such regulation. The requirements of this subsection may be waived by the President in the case of any regulation if he (1) determines that compliance with such requirements would materially impair the national defense, and (2) gives public notice to that effect at the time such regulation is issued.

(c) Certain provisions of Act June 16, 1936, or Act August 4, 1942; computation of lump-sum payments

In computing the lump-sum payments made to Air Force reserve officers under the provisions of section 2 of the Act of June 16, 1936, as amended and to reserve officers of the Navy or to their beneficiaries under section 12 of the Act of August 4, 1942, as amended, no credit shall be allowed for any period of active service performed from June 24, 1948, to the date on which this chapter shall cease to be effective. Each such lumpsum payment shall be prorated for a fractional part of a year of active service in the case of any reserve officer subject to the provisions of either such section, if such reserve officer performs continuous active service for one or more years (inclusive of such service performed during the period in which this chapter is effective) and such active service includes a fractional part of a year immediately prior to June 24, 1948, or immediately following the date on which this chapter shall cease to be effective, or both.

(June 24, 1948, ch. 625, title I, §13, 62 Stat. 623; June 19, 1951, ch. 144, title I, §1(t), 65 Stat. 87; Pub. L. 88–110, §6, Sept. 3, 1963, 77 Stat. 136; Pub. L. 92–129, title I, §101(a)(32), Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 353.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of act June 24, 1948, ch. 625, 62 Stat. 604, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Section 9 of the Act of August 2, 1939, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 9 of act Aug. 2, 1939, ch. 410, 53 Stat. 1148, which was classified to section 118i(a) of former title 5, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378, and reenactment as section 7324(a)(2) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 7324 of Title 5 was omitted and a new section 7324 enacted in the general amendment of subchapter III (§7321 et seq.) of chapter 73 of Title 5 by Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1001. See section 7323(b)(2)(A) of Title 5.

The Administrative Procedure Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 11, 1946, ch. 324, 60 Stat. 237, which was classified to sections 1001 to 1011 of former title 5 and which was repealed and reenacted as subchapter II (§551 et seq.) of chapter 5, and chapter 7 (§701 et seq.), of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378. See Short Title note preceding section 551 of Title 5.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 24, 1948, ch. 625, 62 Stat. 604, known as the Military Selective Service Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 3801 of this title and Tables.

Section 2 of the Act of June 16, 1936, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 2 of act June 16, 1936, ch. 587, 49 Stat. 1524, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 12 of the Act of August 4, 1942, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 12 of act Aug. 4, 1942, ch. 547, 56 Stat. 738, which is not classified to the Code.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 463 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1971—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–129 inserted provisions covering the publication of regulations in the Federal Register.

1963—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–110 substituted "sections 203, 205, or 207 of title 18" for "sections 281, 283, or 284 of title 18, in section 99 of title 5".

1951—Subsec. (a). Act June 19, 1951, brought within its provisions members of the National Selective Service Appeal Board.
50 U.S.C. § 3205 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 44: NATIONAL SECURITY / Subchapter VIII: EDUCATION IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE / Section 3205: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this part:

(1) The term "covered element of the intelligence community" means an agency, office, bureau, or element referred to in subparagraphs (B) through (L) of section 3003(4) of this title.

(2) The term "educational institution" means—

(A) a local educational agency (as that term is defined in section 7801 of title 20);

(B) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1002 of title 20, other than institutions referred to in subsection (a)(1)(C) of such section); or

(C) any other nonprofit institution that provides instruction of foreign languages in languages that are critical to the capability of the intelligence community to carry out national security activities of the United States.

(3) The term "dedicated personnel" means employees of the intelligence community and private citizens (including former civilian employees of the Federal Government who have been voluntarily separated, and members of the United States Armed Forces who have been honorably discharged, honorably separated, or generally discharged under honorable circumstances and rehired on a voluntary basis specifically to perform the activities authorized under this part).

(July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title X, §1015, as added Pub. L. 108–487, title VI, §612(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3958; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(tt), (hhh), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2183, 2187.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 441j–4 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2015—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §9215(tt), (hhh), made similar amendments, resulting in the substitution of "section 7801 of title 20)" for "section 7801(26) of title 20)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.
50 U.S.C. § 2445 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 41: NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION / Subchapter III: MATTERS RELATING TO PERSONNEL / Section 2445: Limitation on bonuses for employees who engage in improper program management
Limitation on bonuses for employees who engage in improper program management
Status: in_force

(a) Limitation

(1) In general

The Secretary of Energy or the Administrator may not pay to a covered employee a bonus during the one-year period beginning on the date on which the Secretary or the Administrator, as the case may be, determines that the covered employee engaged in improper program management that resulted in a notification under section 2753 of this title or significantly and detrimentally affected the cost, scope, or schedule associated with the approval of critical decision 3 in the acquisition process for a project (as defined in Department of Energy Order 413.3B (relating to program management and project management for the acquisition of capital assets)).

(2) Implementation guidance

Not later than one year after November 25, 2015, the Secretary shall issue guidance for the implementation of paragraph (1).

(b) Guidance prohibiting bonuses for additional employees

Not later than 180 days after November 25, 2015, the Secretary and the Administrator shall each issue guidance prohibiting the payment of a bonus to a covered employee during the one-year period beginning on the date on which the Secretary or the Administrator, as the case may be, determines that the covered employee engaged in improper program management—

(1) that jeopardized the health, safety, or security of employees or facilities of the Administration or another element of the Department of Energy involved in nuclear security; or

(2) in carrying out defense nuclear nonproliferation activities.

(c) Waiver

The Secretary or the Administrator, as the case may be, may waive the limitation on the payment of a bonus under subsection (a) or (b) on a case-by-case basis if—

(1) the Secretary or the Administrator, as the case may be, notifies the appropriate congressional committees of such waiver; and

(2) a period of 60 days elapses following such notification.

(d) Definitions

In this section:

(1) The term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(A) the congressional defense committees; and

(B) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.

(2) The term "bonus" means a bonus or award paid under title 5, including under chapters 45 or 53 of such title, or any other provision of law.

(3) The term "covered employee" has the meaning given that term in section 2443 of this title.

(Pub. L. 106–65, div. C, title XXXII, §3246, as added Pub. L. 114–92, div. C, title XXXI, §3111(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1187.)
50 U.S.C. § 2569 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 42: ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE PROVISIONS / Subchapter III: PROLIFERATION MATTERS / Section 2569: Acceleration of removal or security of fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment at vulnerable sites worldwide
Acceleration of removal or security of fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment at vulnerable sites worldwide
Status: in_force

(a) Sense of Congress

(1) It is the sense of Congress that the security, including the rapid removal or secure storage, of high-risk, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment at vulnerable sites worldwide should be a top priority among the activities to achieve the national security of the United States.

(2) It is the sense of Congress that the President may establish in the Department of Energy a task force to be known as the Task Force on Nuclear Materials to carry out the program authorized by subsection (b).

(b) Program authorized

The Secretary of Energy may carry out a program to undertake an accelerated, comprehensive worldwide effort to mitigate the threats posed by high-risk, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment located at sites potentially vulnerable to theft or diversion.

(c) Program elements

(1) Activities under the program under subsection (b) may include the following:

(A) Accelerated efforts to secure, remove, or eliminate proliferation-attractive fissile materials or radiological materials in research reactors, other reactors, and other facilities worldwide.

(B) Arrangements for the secure shipment of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment to other countries willing to accept such materials and equipment, or to the United States if such countries cannot be identified, and the provision of secure storage or disposition of such materials and equipment following shipment.

(C) The transportation of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment from sites identified as proliferation risks to secure facilities in other countries or in the United States.

(D) The processing and packaging of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment in accordance with required standards for transport, storage, and disposition.

(E) The provision of interim security upgrades for vulnerable, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment pending their removal from their current sites.

(F) The utilization of funds to upgrade security and accounting at sites where proliferation-attractive fissile materials or radiological materials will remain for an extended period of time in order to ensure that such materials are secure against plausible potential threats and will remain so in the future.

(G) The management of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment at secure facilities.

(H) Actions to ensure that security, including security upgrades at sites and facilities for the storage or disposition of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment, continues to function as intended.

(I) The provision of technical support to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), other countries, and other entities to facilitate removal of, and security upgrades to facilities that contain, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment worldwide.

(J) The development of alternative fuels and irradiation targets based on low-enriched uranium to convert research or other reactors fueled by highly-enriched uranium to such alternative fuels, as well as the conversion of reactors and irradiation targets employing highly-enriched uranium to employment of such alternative fuels and targets.

(K) Accelerated actions for the blend down of highly-enriched uranium to low-enriched uranium.

(L) The provision of assistance in the closure and decommissioning of sites identified as presenting risks of proliferation of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment.

(M) Programs to—

(i) assist in the placement of employees displaced as a result of actions pursuant to the program in enterprises not representing a proliferation threat; and

(ii) convert (including through the use of alternative technologies) sites identified as presenting risks of proliferation regarding proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment to purposes not representing a proliferation threat to the extent necessary to eliminate the proliferation threat.

(2) The Secretary of Energy shall, in coordination with the Secretary of State, carry out the program in consultation with, and with the assistance of, appropriate departments, agencies, and other entities of the United States Government.

(3) The Secretary of Energy shall, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, carry out activities under the program in collaboration with such foreign governments, non-governmental organizations, and other international entities as the Secretary of Energy considers appropriate for the program.

(d) Funding

Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy for defense nuclear nonproliferation activities shall be available for purposes of the program under this section.

(e) Participation by other governments and organizations

(1) In general

The Secretary of Energy may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, enter into one or more agreements with any person (including a foreign government, international organization, or multinational entity) that the Secretary of Energy considers appropriate under which the person contributes funds for purposes of the programs described in paragraph (2).

(2) Programs covered

The programs described in this paragraph are any programs within the Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation of the National Nuclear Security Administration.

(3) Retention and use of amounts

Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, the Secretary of Energy may retain and use amounts contributed under an agreement under paragraph (1) for purposes of the programs described in paragraph (2). Amounts so contributed shall be retained in a separate fund established in the Treasury for such purposes and shall be available for use without further appropriation and without fiscal year limitation.

(4) Return of amounts not used within 5 years

If an amount contributed under an agreement under paragraph (1) is not used under this subsection within 5 years after it was contributed, the Secretary of Energy shall return that amount to the person who contributed it.

(5) Annual report

Not later than October 31 of each year, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the receipt and use of amounts under this subsection during the preceding fiscal year. Each report for a fiscal year shall set forth—

(A) a statement of any amounts received under this subsection, including, for each such amount, the value of the contribution and the person who contributed it;

(B) a statement of any amounts used under this subsection, including, for each such amount, the purposes for which the amount was used; and

(C) a statement of the amounts retained but not used under this subsection, including, for each such amount, the purposes (if known) for which the Secretary intends to use the amount.

(f) Definitions

In this section:

(1) The term "fissile materials" means plutonium, highly-enriched uranium, or other material capable of sustaining an explosive nuclear chain reaction, including irradiated items containing such materials if the radiation field from such items is not sufficient to prevent the theft or misuse of such items.

(2) The term "radiological materials" includes Americium-241, Californium-252, Cesium-137, Cobalt-60, Iridium-192, Plutonium-238, Radium-226, Strontium-90, Curium-244, and irradiated items containing such materials, or other materials designated by the Secretary of Energy for purposes of this paragraph.

(3) The term "related equipment" includes equipment useful for enrichment of uranium in the isotope 235 and for extraction of fissile materials from irradiated fuel rods and other equipment designated by the Secretary of Energy for purposes of this section.

(4) The term "highly-enriched uranium" means uranium enriched to or above 20 percent in the isotope 235.

(5) The term "low-enriched uranium" means uranium enriched below 20 percent in the isotope 235.

(6) The term "proliferation-attractive", in the case of fissile materials and radiological materials, means quantities and types of such materials that are determined by the Secretary of Energy to present a significant risk to the national security of the United States if diverted to a use relating to proliferation.

(7) The term "alternative technologies" means technologies, such as accelerator-based equipment, that do not use radiological materials.

(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLIII, §4306B, formerly Pub. L. 108–375, div. C, title XXXI, §3132, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 109–364, div. C, title XXXI, §3113, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2504; Pub. L. 112–239, div. C, title XXXI, §3118, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2173; Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, §3114, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2290; renumbered Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLIII, §4306B, and amended Pub. L. 117–81, div. C, title XXXI, §3118(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2228; Pub. L. 117–263, div. C, title XXXI, §3115, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3053; Pub. L. 118–31, div. C, title XXXI, §3118(a), (b), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 791.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–31, §3118(a), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which required interim and final reports on the program under subsec. (b).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–31, §3118(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 118–31, §3118(b), struck out par. (6). Text read as follows: "The authority to accept, retain, and use contributions under this subsection expires on December 31, 2028."

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 118–31, §3118(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (e) and (f), respectively.

2022—Subsec. (c)(1)(M)(ii). Pub. L. 117–263, §3115(1), inserted "(including through the use of alternative technologies)" after "convert".

Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 117–263, §3115(2), added par. (7).

2021—Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 117–81, §3118(a)(4), substituted "December 31, 2028" for "December 31, 2023".

2018—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 115–232, §3114(1), (2), redesignated par. (6) as (5) and struck out former par. (5). Prior to amendment text of par. (5) read as follows: "Not later than 30 days after the receipt of an amount contributed under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Energy shall submit to the congressional defense committees a notice specifying the purpose and value of the contribution and identifying the person who contributed it. The Secretary may not use the amount until 15 days after the notice is submitted."

Subsec. (f)(6), (7). Pub. L. 115–232, §3114(2), (3), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and substituted "December 31, 2023" for "December 31, 2018". Former par. (6) redesignated (5).

2013—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 112–239, §3118(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) related to programs covered and listed certain international programs within the Global Threat Reduction Initiative.

Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 112–239, §3118(b), substituted "December 31, 2018" for "December 31, 2013".

2006—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 109–364 added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Acceleration of Replacement of Cesium Blood Irradiation Sources

Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, §3141, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2303, provided that:

"(a) Goal.—The Administrator for Nuclear Security shall ensure that the goal of the covered programs is eliminating the use of blood irradiation devices in the United States that rely on cesium chloride by December 31, 2027.

"(b) Implementation.—To meet the goal specified by subsection (a), the Administrator shall carry out the covered programs in a manner that—

"(1) is voluntary for owners of blood irradiation devices;

"(2) allows for the United States, subject to the review of the Administrator, to pay up to 50 percent of the per-device cost of replacing blood irradiation devices covered by the programs;

"(3) allows for the United States to pay up to 100 percent of the cost of removing and disposing of cesium sources retired from service by the programs; and

"(4) replaces such devices with x-ray irradiation devices or other devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration that provide significant threat reduction as compared to cesium chloride irradiators.

"(c) Duration.—The Administrator shall carry out the covered programs until December 31, 2027.

"(d) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 2018], the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the covered programs, including—

"(1) identification of each cesium chloride blood irradiation device in the United States, including the number, general location, and user type;

"(2) a plan for achieving the goal established by subsection (a);

"(3) a methodology for prioritizing replacement of such devices that takes into account irradiator age and prior material security initiatives;

"(4) in consultation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, a strategy identifying any legislative, regulatory, or other measures necessary to constrain the introduction of new cesium chloride blood irradiation devices;

"(5) identification of the annual funds required to meet the goal established by subsection (a); and

"(6) a description of the disposal path for cesium chloride sources under the covered programs.

"(e) Assessment.—The Administrator shall submit an assessment to the appropriate congressional committees by September 20, 2023, of the results of the actions on the covered programs under this section, including—

"(1) the number of replacement irradiators under the covered programs;

"(2) the life-cycle costs of the programs, including personnel training, maintenance, and replacement costs for new irradiation devices;

"(3) the cost-effectiveness of the covered programs;

"(4) an analysis of the effectiveness of the new irradiation devices' technology; and

"(5) a forecast of whether the Administrator will meet the goal established in subsection (a).

"(f) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate.

"(2) Covered programs.—The term 'covered programs' means the following programs of the Office of Radiological Security of the National Nuclear Security Administration:

"(A) The Cesium Irradiator Replacement Program.

"(B) The Off-Site Source Recovery Program."

"Congressional Defense Committees" Defined

Congressional defense committees has the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(16) of Title 10, Armed Forces, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–375, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1825. See note under section 101 of Title 10.
50 U.S.C. § 3062 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 44: NATIONAL SECURITY / Subchapter I: COORDINATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY / Section 3062: Office of Engagement
Office of Engagement
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence an Office of Engagement (in this section referred to as the "Office").

(b) Head; staff

(1) Head

The Director of National Intelligence shall appoint as head of the Office an individual with requisite experience in matters relating to the duties of the Office, as determined by the Director of National Intelligence. Such head of the Office shall report directly to the Director of National Intelligence.

(2) Staff

To assist the head of the Office in fulfilling the duties of the Office, the head shall employ full-time equivalent staff in such number, and with such requisite expertise in matters relating to such duties, as may be determined by the head.

(c) Duties

The duties of the Office shall be as follows:

(1) To ensure coordination across the elements of the intelligence community efforts regarding outreach, relationship development, and associated knowledge and relationship management, with covered entities, consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods.

(2) To assist in sharing best practices regarding such efforts among the elements of the intelligence community.

(3) To establish and implement metrics to assess the effectiveness of such efforts.

(d) Covered entity defined

In this section, the term "covered entity" means an entity that is not an entity of the United States Government, including private sector companies, institutions of higher education, trade associations, think tanks, laboratories, international organizations, and foreign partners and allies.

(July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title I, §122, as added Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title V, §7503(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1082.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Rule of Construction

Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title V, §7503(e), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1083, provided that: "Nothing in this section [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section], or an amendment made by this section, shall be construed as restricting or preempting engagement or outreach activities of elements of the intelligence community."

[For definition of "intelligence community" as used in section 7503(e) of Pub. L. 118–31, set out above, see section 7002 of Pub. L. 118–31, set out as a note under section 3003 of this title.]

Deadline

Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title V, §7503(b), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1083, provided that: "To the extent and in such amounts as specifically provided in advance in appropriations Acts for the purposes detailed in section 122 of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 3062], as added by subsection (a), the Director of National Intelligence shall establish the Office of Engagement by not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023]."

Transfer

Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title V, §7503(c), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1083, provided that: "The Director shall transfer to the Office of Engagement all functions within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence that, on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023], performed duties set forth in section 122 of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 3062], as added by subsection (a)."

Definitions

Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title V, §7503(f), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1083, provided that: "In this section [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section], the term 'Office of Engagement' means the Office of Engagement established under section 122 of the National Security Act of 1947 [50 U.S.C. 3062], as added by subsection (a)."
50 U.S.C. § 4511 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 55: DEFENSE PRODUCTION / Subchapter I: PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS / Section 4511: Priority in contracts and orders
Priority in contracts and orders
Status: in_force

(a) Allocation of materials, services, and facilities

The President is hereby authorized (1) to require that performance under contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) which he deems necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense shall take priority over performance under any other contract or order, and, for the purpose of assuring such priority, to require acceptance and performance of such contracts or orders in preference to other contracts or orders by any person he finds to be capable of their performance, and (2) to allocate materials, services, and facilities in such manner, upon such conditions, and to such extent as he shall deem necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense.

(b) Critical and strategic materials

The powers granted in this section shall not be used to control the general distribution of any material in the civilian market unless the President finds (1) that such material is a scarce and critical material essential to the national defense, and (2) that the requirements of the national defense for such material cannot otherwise be met without creating a significant dislocation of the normal distribution of such material in the civilian market to such a degree as to create appreciable hardship.

(c) Domestic energy; materials, equipment, and services

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the President may, by rule or order, require the allocation of, or the priority performance under contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) relating to, materials, equipment, and services in order to maximize domestic energy supplies if he makes the findings required by paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(2) The authority granted by this subsection may not be used to require priority performance of contracts or orders, or to control the distribution of any supplies of materials, services, and facilities in the marketplace, unless the President finds that—

(A) such materials, services, and facilities are scarce, critical, and essential—

(i) to maintain or expand exploration, production, refining, transportation;

(ii) to conserve energy supplies; or

(iii) to construct or maintain energy facilities; and

(B) maintenance or expansion of exploration, production, refining, transportation, or conservation of energy supplies or the construction and maintenance of energy facilities cannot reasonably be accomplished without exercising the authority specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) During any period when the authority conferred by this subsection is being exercised, the President shall take such action as may be appropriate to assure that such authority is being exercised in a manner which assures the coordinated administration of such authority with any priorities or allocations established under subsection (a) of this section and in effect during the same period.

(d) Rules; consultation among agency heads

The head of each Federal agency to which the President delegates authority under this section shall—

(1) issue, and annually review and update whenever appropriate, final rules, in accordance with section 553 of title 5, that establish standards and procedures by which the priorities and allocations authority under this section is used to promote the national defense, under both emergency and nonemergency conditions; and

(2) as appropriate and to the extent practicable, consult with the heads of other Federal agencies to develop a consistent and unified Federal priorities and allocations system.

(Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, title I, §101, 64 Stat. 799; July 31, 1951, ch. 275, title I, §101(a), 65 Stat. 131; June 30, 1952, ch. 530, title I, §§101, 102, 66 Stat. 296, 297; June 30, 1953, ch. 171, §3, 67 Stat. 129; Pub. L. 94–163, title I, §104(a), Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 102–99, §6, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 111–67, §4, Sept. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2009; Pub. L. 113–172, §3, Sept. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 1897.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section, see section 4564(a) of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was in the original "this Act", meaning act Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, 64 Stat. 798, known as the Defense Production Act of 1950, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 4501 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 2071 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 113–172 substituted "issue, and annually review and update whenever appropriate, final rules" for "not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of the Defense Production Act Reauthorization of 2009, issue final rules".

2009—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–67 added subsec. (d).

1991—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–99, §6(1), substituted "materials, services, and facilities" for "materials and facilities".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–99, §6(2), substituted "materials, equipment, and services" for "supplies of materials and equipment".

Subsec. (c)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 102–99, §6(3), (4), added par. (2), redesignated par. (4) as (3), and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:

"(2) The President shall report to the Congress within sixty days after December 22, 1975, on the manner in which the authority contained in paragraph (1) will be administered. This report shall include the manner in which allocations will be made, the procedure for requests and appeals, the criteria for determining priorities as between competing requests, and the office or agency which will administer such authorities.

"(3) The authority granted in this subsection may not be used to require priority performance of contracts or orders, or to control the distribution of any supplies of materials and equipment in the marketplace, unless the President finds that—

"(A) such supplies are scarce, critical, and essential to maintain or further (i) exploration, production, refining, transportation, or (ii) the conservation of energy supplies, or (iii) for the construction and maintenance of energy facilities; and

"(B) maintenance or furtherance of exploration, production, refining, transportation, or conservation of energy supplies or the construction and maintenance of energy facilities cannot reasonably be accomplished without exercising the authority specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection."

1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–163 added subsec. (c).

1953—Subsec. (a). Act June 30, 1953, struck out provisions which related to slaughtering of livestock and allocation of meat and meat products.

Subsec. (b). Act June 30, 1953, retained priorities and allocation authority for defense production but generally to discontinue such authority with respect to the civilian market except in the special cases where, because of shortages and demands of the defense effort, there otherwise would be a significant dislocation in the civilian market resulting in appreciable hardship.

1952—Act June 30, 1952, redesignated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted provisions relating to meat and meat products, and added subsec. (b).

1951—Act July 31, 1951, inserted provision relating to slaughtering of livestock.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–99, §7, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 490, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] shall take effect on October 20, 1990."

COVID–19 Emergency Medical Supplies Enhancement

Pub. L. 117–2, title III, §3101, Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 53, provided that:

"(a) Supporting Enhanced Use of the Defense Production Act of 1950.—In addition to funds otherwise available, there is appropriated, for fiscal year 2021, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $10,000,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2025, to carry out titles I, III , and VII of such Act [50 U.S.C. 4511 et seq., 4531 et seq., and 4551 et seq.] in accordance with subsection (b).

"(b) Medical Supplies and Equipment.—

"(1) Testing, ppe, vaccines, and other materials.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), amounts appropriated in subsection (a) shall be used for the purchase, production (including the construction, repair, and retrofitting of government-owned or private facilities as necessary), or distribution of medical supplies and equipment (including durable medical equipment) related to combating the COVID–19 pandemic, including—

"(A) in vitro diagnostic products for the detection of SARS–CoV–2 or the diagnosis of the virus that causes COVID–19, and the reagents and other materials necessary for producing, conducting, or administering such products, and the machinery, equipment, laboratory capacity, or other technology necessary to produce such products;

"(B) face masks and personal protective equipment, including face shields, nitrile gloves, N–95 filtering facepiece respirators, and any other masks or equipment (including durable medical equipment) needed to respond to the COVID–19 pandemic, and the materials, machinery, additional manufacturing lines or facilities, or other technology necessary to produce such equipment; and

"(C) drugs, devices, and biological products that are approved, cleared, licensed, or authorized for use in treating or preventing COVID–19 and symptoms related to COVID–19, and any materials, manufacturing machinery, additional manufacturing or fill-finish lines or facilities, technology, or equipment (including durable medical equipment) necessary to produce or use such drugs, biological products, or devices (including syringes, vials, or other supplies or equipment related to delivery, distribution, or administration).

"(2) Responding to public health emergencies.—After September 30, 2022, amounts appropriated in subsection (a) may be used for any activity authorized by paragraph (1), or any other activity necessary to meet critical public health needs of the United States, with respect to any pathogen that the President has determined has the potential for creating a public health emergency."

Report on Industry Preparedness

Pub. L. 110–53, title X, §1002(b), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 375, provided that: "Not later than 6 months after the last day of fiscal year 2007 and each subsequent fiscal year, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in cooperation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report that details the actions taken by the Federal Government to ensure, in accordance with subsections (a) and (c) of section 101 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2071) [now 50 U.S.C. 4511], the preparedness of industry to reduce interruption of critical infrastructure and key resource operations during an act of terrorism, natural catastrophe, or other similar national emergency."

Presidential Authority To Issue Orders Relating to Domestic Energy Supplies

Pub. L. 94–163, title I, §104(b), Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 879, as amended by Pub. L. 99–58, title I, §101(b), July 2, 1985, 99 Stat. 102; Pub. L. 101–46, §1(2), June 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 132; Pub. L. 101–262, §2(a), Mar. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 101–360, §2(a), Aug. 10, 1990, 104 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 101–383, §2(1), Sept. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 105–388, §6, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3479; Pub. L. 106–469, title I, §103(2), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2029, provided that: "The expiration of the Defense Production Act of 1950 [50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.] or any amendment of such Act after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1975] shall not affect the authority of the President under section 101(c) of such Act [50 U.S.C. 4511(c)], as amended by subsection (a) of this section and in effect on the date of enactment of this Act, unless Congress by law expressly provides to the contrary."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions of President under this chapter relating to production, conservation, use, control, distribution, and allocation of energy, delegated to Secretary of Energy, see section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 11790, June 25, 1974, 39 F.R. 23185, set out as a note under section 761 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

For delegation of certain authority of President under this section, see sections 201 to 203 of Ex. Ord. No. 13603, Mar. 16, 2012, 77 F.R. 16652, 16653, set out as a note under section 4553 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13909. Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID–19

Ex. Ord. No. 13909, Mar. 18, 2020, 85 F.R. 16227, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) (the "Act"), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Policy and Findings. On March 13, 2020, I declared a national emergency recognizing the threat that the novel (new) coronavirus known as SARS–CoV–2 poses to our national security. In recognizing the public health risk, I noted that on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that the outbreak of COVID–19 (the disease caused by SARS–CoV–2) can be characterized as a pandemic. I also noted that while the Federal Government, along with State and local governments, have taken preventive and proactive measures to slow the spread of the virus and to treat those affected, the spread of COVID–19 within our Nation's communities threatens to strain our Nation's healthcare system. To ensure that our healthcare system is able to surge capacity and capability to respond to the spread of COVID–19, it is critical that all health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID–19 are properly distributed to the Nation's healthcare system and others that need them most at this time.

Accordingly, I find that health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID–19, including personal protective equipment and ventilators, meet the criteria specified in section 101(b) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511(b)). Under the delegation of authority provided in this order, the Secretary of Health and Human Services may identify additional specific health and medical resources that meet the criteria of section 101(b).

Sec. 2. Priorities and Allocation of Medical Resources.

(a) Notwithstanding Executive Order 13603 of March 16, 2012 (National Defense Resource Preparedness) [50 U.S.C. 4553 note], the authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act to require performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense, and to implement the Act in subchapter III [50 U.S.C. 4551 et seq.] of chapter 55 of title 50, United States Code, is delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to all health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States.

(b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services may use the authority under section 101 of the Act to determine, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the heads of other executive departments and agencies as appropriate, the proper nationwide priorities and allocation of all health and medical resources, including controlling the distribution of such materials (including applicable services) in the civilian market, for responding to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States.

(c) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall issue such orders and adopt and revise appropriate rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement this order.

Sec. 3. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.      

Ex. Ord. No. 13911. Delegating Additional Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID–19

Ex. Ord. No. 13911, Mar. 27, 2020, 85 F.R. 18403, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) (the "Act"), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Policy. In Proclamation 9994 of March 13, 2020 (Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID–19) Outbreak) [50 U.S.C. 1621 note], I declared a national emergency recognizing the threat that the novel (new) coronavirus known as SARS–CoV–2 poses to our Nation's healthcare systems. In recognizing the public health risk, I noted that on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that the outbreak of COVID–19 (the disease caused by SARS–CoV–2) can be characterized as a pandemic. I also noted that while the Federal Government, along with State and local governments, have taken preventive and proactive measures to slow the spread of the virus and to treat those affected, the spread of COVID–19 within our Nation's communities threatens to strain our Nation's healthcare systems.

To deal with this threat, on March 18, 2020, I issued Executive Order 13909 (Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID–19) [set out above], in which I delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the prioritization and allocation authority under section 101 of the Act with respect to health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID–19. And on March 23, 2020, I issued Executive Order 13910 (Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID–19) [50 U.S.C. 4512 note], in which I delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services the authority under section 102 of the Act to combat hoarding and price gouging with respect to such resources.

To ensure that our healthcare systems are able to surge capacity and capability to respond to the spread of COVID–19, it is the policy of the United States to expand domestic production of health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID–19, including personal protective equipment and ventilators. Accordingly, I am delegating authority under title III of the Act [50 U.S.C. 4531 et seq.] to guarantee loans by private institutions, make loans, make provision for purchases and commitments to purchase, and take additional actions to create, maintain, protect, expand, and restore domestic industrial base capabilities to produce such resources. To enable greater cooperation among private businesses in expanding production of and distributing such resources, I am also delegating my authority under section 708(c) and (d) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4558(c), (d)) to provide for the making of voluntary agreements and plans of action by the private sector.

Sec. 2. Delegation of Authority Under Title III of the Act. (a) Notwithstanding Executive Order 13603 of March 16, 2012 (National Defense Resources Preparedness) [50 U.S.C. 4553 note], the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security are each delegated, with respect to responding to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States, the authority of the President conferred by sections 301, 302, and 303 of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4531, 4532, and 4533), and the authority to implement the Act in subchapter III [50 U.S.C. 4551 et seq.] of chapter 55 of title 50, United States Code (50 U.S.C. 4554, 4555, 4556, and 4560).

(b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security may each use the authority under sections 301, 302, and 303 of the Act, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other executive departments and agencies as he deems appropriate, to respond to the spread of COVID–19.

(c) To provide additional authority to respond to the national emergency I declared in Proclamation 9994, the requirements of section 301(a)(2), section 301(d)(1)(A), and section 303(a)(1) through (a)(6) of the Act are waived during the period of that national emergency.

(d) To provide additional authority to respond to the national emergency I declared in Proclamation 9994, the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security are each authorized to submit for my approval under section 302(d)(2)(B) of the Act a proposed determination that any specific loan is necessary to avert an industrial resource or critical technology shortfall that would severely impair national defense capability.

(e) Before exercising the authority delegated under this section with respect to health or medical resources, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Sec. 3. Delegation of Authority Under Title VII of the Act. (a) Notwithstanding Executive Order 13603, the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security are each delegated, with respect to responding to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States, the authority of the President conferred by section 708(c)(1) and (d) of the Act [50 U.S.C. 4558(c)(1) and (d)]. The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall provide to the Secretary of Homeland Security notice of any use of such delegated authority.

(b) The delegation made in this section is made upon the condition that the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of Homeland Security consult with the Attorney General and with the Federal Trade Commission, and obtain the prior approval of the Attorney General, after consultation by the Attorney General with the Federal Trade Commission, as required by section 708(c)(2) of the Act, except when such consultation is waived under subsection (c) of section 3 of this order and section 708(c)(3) of the Act.

(c) The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security are each authorized to submit for my approval under section 708(c)(3) of the Act any proposed determination that any specific voluntary agreement or plan of action is necessary to meet national defense requirements resulting from an event that degrades or destroys critical infrastructure.

(d) Before exercising the authority delegated under this section with respect to health or medical resources, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Sec. 4. Additional Delegations. (a) Notwithstanding Executive Order 13603, the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security are each delegated, with respect to responding to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States, the authority of the President conferred by section 107 of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4517).

(b) In addition to the delegations of authority in Executive Order 13909 and Executive Order 13910, the authority of the President conferred by sections 101 and 102 of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511, 4512) is delegated to the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States.

(c) The Secretary of Homeland Security may use the authority under section 101 of the Act to determine, in consultation with the heads of other executive departments and agencies as appropriate, the proper nationwide priorities and allocation of health and medical resources, including by controlling the distribution of such materials (including applicable services) in the civilian market, for responding to the spread of COVID–19 within the United States.

(d) Before exercising the authority under section 102 of the Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(e) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall periodically consider whether the designations made by him under section 102 of the Act pursuant to section 4(b) of this order remain necessary. Upon finding that such designation of material is no longer necessary, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall promptly publish a notice of withdrawal of the designation in the Federal Register, and in such other manner as he deems appropriate.

Sec. 5. Implementing Rules and Regulations. The Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall each adopt and revise appropriate rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement this order.

Sec. 6. Policy Coordination. The Assistant to the President for Trade and Manufacturing Policy shall serve as National Defense Production Act Policy Coordinator.

Sec. 7. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.      

Ex. Ord. No. 13917. Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources During the National Emergency Caused by the Outbreak of COVID–19

Ex. Ord. No. 13917, Apr. 28, 2020, 85 F.R. 26313, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) (the "Act"), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Policy. The 2019 novel (new) coronavirus known as SARS–CoV–2, the virus causing outbreaks of the disease COVID–19, has significantly disrupted the lives of Americans. In Proclamation 9994 of March 13, 2020 (Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID–19) Outbreak) [50 U.S.C. 1621 note], I declared that the COVID–19 outbreak in the United States constituted a national emergency, beginning March 1, 2020. Since then, the American people have united behind a policy of mitigation strategies, including social distancing, to flatten the curve of infections and reduce the spread of COVID–19. The COVID–19 outbreak and these necessary mitigation measures have taken a dramatic toll on the United States economy and critical infrastructure.

It is important that processors of beef, pork, and poultry ("meat and poultry") in the food supply chain continue operating and fulfilling orders to ensure a continued supply of protein for Americans. However, outbreaks of COVID–19 among workers at some processing facilities have led to the reduction in some of those facilities' production capacity. In addition, recent actions in some States have led to the complete closure of some large processing facilities. Such actions may differ from or be inconsistent with interim guidance recently issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of the Department of Labor entitled "Meat and Poultry Processing Workers and Employers" providing for the safe operation of such facilities.

Such closures threaten the continued functioning of the national meat and poultry supply chain, undermining critical infrastructure during the national emergency. Given the high volume of meat and poultry processed by many facilities, any unnecessary closures can quickly have a large effect on the food supply chain. For example, closure of a single large beef processing facility can result in the loss of over 10 million individual servings of beef in a single day. Similarly, under established supply chains, closure of a single meat or poultry processing facility can severely disrupt the supply of protein to an entire grocery store chain.

Accordingly, I find that meat and poultry in the food supply chain meet the criteria specified in section 101(b) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511(b)). Under the delegation of authority provided in this order, the Secretary of Agriculture shall take all appropriate action under that section to ensure that meat and poultry processors continue operations consistent with the guidance for their operations jointly issued by the CDC and OSHA. Under the delegation of authority provided in this order, the Secretary of Agriculture may identify additional specific food supply chain resources that meet the criteria of section 101(b).

Sec. 2. Ensuring the Continued Supply of Meat and Poultry. (a) Notwithstanding Executive Order 13603 of March 16, 2012 (National Defense Resources Preparedness) [50 U.S.C. 4553 note], the authority of the President to require performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense, and to implement the Act in subchapter III of chapter 55 of title 50, United States Code (50 U.S.C. 4554, 4555, 4556, 4559, 4560), is delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to food supply chain resources, including meat and poultry, during the national emergency caused by the outbreak of COVID–19 within the United States.

(b) The Secretary of Agriculture shall use the authority under section 101 of the Act, in consultation with the heads of such other executive departments and agencies as he deems appropriate, to determine the proper nationwide priorities and allocation of all the materials, services, and facilities necessary to ensure the continued supply of meat and poultry, consistent with the guidance for the operations of meat and poultry processing facilities jointly issued by the CDC and OSHA.

(c) The Secretary of Agriculture shall issue such orders and adopt and revise appropriate rules and regulations as may be necessary to implement this order.

Sec. 3. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.      

Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act To Ensure an Adequate Supply of Infant Formula

Determination of President of the United States, No. 2022–13, May 18, 2022, 87 F.R. 31357, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of Health and Human Services

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 101 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (the "Act") (50 U.S.C. 4511), it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Policy and Findings. On February 17, 2022, the largest infant formula manufacturer in the country—Abbott Nutrition—initiated a voluntary recall of several lines of powdered infant formula made at its Sturgis, Michigan facility, following concerns about bacterial contamination at the facility after four infants fell ill. This incident has combined with supply chain stress associated with effects of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic to cause an acute disruption in the supply of infant formula in the United States.

Adequate supply of infant formula is critical to the health and safety of the millions of children who depend on the formula for essential nutrition. The Federal Government has worked in the last several months to address the shortfall in infant formula, but additional measures are needed to ensure an adequate supply of infant formula in the United States and thereby protect the health and well-being of our Nation's children.

This disruption threatens the continued functioning of the national infant formula supply chain, undermining critical infrastructure that is essential to the national defense, including to national public health or safety. As the Abbott Nutrition recall shows, closure of a single formula-producing facility can severely disrupt the supply of formula nationwide. Accordingly, I hereby determine, pursuant to section 101 of the Act, that the ingredients necessary to manufacture infant formula meet the criteria specified in section 101(b) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511(b)).

Sec. 2. Ensuring the Continued Supply of Formula. (a) Notwithstanding Executive Order 13603 of March 16, 2012 (National Defense Resources Preparedness) [50 U.S.C. 4553 note], the authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act to require performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense, and to implement the Act in subchapter III [50 U.S.C. 4551 et seq.] of chapter 55 of title 50, United States Code (50 U.S.C. 4554, 4555, 4556, 4559, 4560), is delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to all health resources, including the ingredients necessary to manufacture infant formula.

(b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services may use the authority under section 101 of the Act to determine, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the heads of other executive departments and agencies as appropriate, the proper nationwide priorities and allocation of all ingredients necessary to manufacture infant forumla [sic], including controlling the distribution of such materials (including applicable services) in the civilian market, for responding to the shortage of infant formula within the United States.

You are authorized and directed to publish this determination in the Federal Register.

J.R. Biden, Jr.
50 U.S.C. § 2538e (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 42: ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE PROVISIONS / Subchapter II: NUCLEAR WEAPONS STOCKPILE MATTERS / Section 2538e: W93 nuclear warhead acquisition process
W93 nuclear warhead acquisition process
Status: in_force

(a) Reporting requirements

(1) Phase 1

Upon receiving a concept definition study under phase 1 of the joint nuclear weapons life cycle for the W93 nuclear weapon, the Nuclear Weapons Council shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes the following:

(A) A description of the potential military characteristics of the weapon.

(B) A description of the stockpile-to-target sequence requirements of the weapon.

(C) An initial assessment of the requirements a W93 nuclear weapon program is likely to generate for the nuclear security enterprise, including—

(i) adjustments to the size and composition of the workforce;

(ii) additions to existing weapon design and production capabilities; or

(iii) additional facility recapitalization or new construction.

(D) A preliminary description of other significant requirements for a W93 nuclear weapon program, including—

(i) first production unit date;

(ii) initial operational capability date;

(iii) full operational capability date; and

(iv) any unique safety and surety requirements that could increase design complexity or cost estimate uncertainty.

(2) Phase 2

(A) In general

Not later than 15 days after the date on which the Nuclear Weapons Council approves phase 2 of the joint nuclear weapons life cycle for the W93 nuclear weapon, the Administrator shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on a plan to implement a process of independent peer review or review by a board of experts, or both, with respect to—

(i) the nonnuclear components of the weapon;

(ii) subsystem design; and

(iii) engineering aspects of the weapon.

(B) Requirements for process

The Administrator shall ensure that the process required by subparagraph (A)—

(i) uses—

(I) all relevant capabilities of the Federal Government, the defense industrial base, and institutions of higher education; and

(II) other capabilities that the Administrator determines necessary; and

(ii) informs the entire development life cycle of the W93 nuclear weapon.

(b) Certifications and reports at phase 3

Not later than 15 days after the date on which the Nuclear Weapons Council approves phase 3 of the joint nuclear weapons life cycle for the W93 nuclear weapon—

(1) the Administrator shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing that includes certifications that—— 1

(A) phases 1 through 5 of the joint nuclear weapons life cycle for the weapon will employ, at a minimum, the same best practices and will provide Congress with the same level of programmatic insight as exists under the phase 6.X process for life extension programs; and

(B) the proposed design for the weapon can be carried out within estimated schedule and cost objectives; and

(2) the Commander of the United States Strategic Command shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report containing, or provide to such committees a briefing on, the requirements for weapon quantity and composition by type for the sub-surface ballistic nuclear (SSBN) force, including such requirements planned for the 15-year period following the date of the report or briefing, as the case may be, including any planned life extensions, retirements, or alterations.

(c) Waivers

Subsections (a) and (b) may be waived during a period of war declared by Congress after January 1, 2021.

(d) Joint nuclear weapons life cycle defined

In this section, the term "joint nuclear weapons life cycle" has the meaning given that term in section 2538b of this title.

(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, §4223, as added Pub. L. 116–283, div. C, title XXXI, §3111(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4375; amended Pub. L. 117–263, div. C, title XXXI, §3131(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3059.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–263, §3131(a)(1), substituted "provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on a plan" for "submit to the congressional defense committees a plan" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–263, §3131(a)(2)(A), substituted "provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing that includes certifications that—" for "certify to the congressional defense committees that" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 117–263, §3131(a)(2)(B), inserted ", or provide to such committees a briefing on," after "a report containing" and "or briefing, as the case may be" after "date of the report".

1 So in original.
50 U.S.C. § 4328 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 53: TRADING WITH THE ENEMY / Section 4328: "Member of the former ruling family" defined
"Member of the former ruling family" defined
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter, the term "member of the former ruling family" means (1) any person who was at any time between April 6, 1917, and July 2, 1921, the German Emperor or the ruler of any constituent kingdom of the German Empire, or (2) the wife or any child of such person.

(Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, §31, as added Mar. 10, 1928, ch. 167, §15, 45 Stat. 275.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, known as the Trading with the enemy Act, also known as the Trading with the Enemy Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 4301 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 31 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
50 U.S.C. § 3350a (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 45: MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES / Subchapter III: SECURITY CLEARANCES AND CLASSIFIED INFORMATION / Section 3350a: Promoting efficient declassification review
Promoting efficient declassification review
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Whenever an agency is processing a request pursuant to section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the "Freedom of Information Act") or the mandatory declassification review provisions of Executive Order 13526 (50 U.S.C. 3161 note; relating to classified national security information), or successor order, and identifies responsive classified records that are more than 25 years of age as of December 31 of the year in which the request is received, the head of the agency shall, in accordance with existing processes to protect national security under the Freedom of Information Act and the mandatory review provisions of Executive Order 12526,1 review the record and process the record for declassification and release by the National Declassification Center of the National Archives and Records Administration, unless the head of agency—

(1) makes a certification to Congress, including the congressional intelligence committees, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, that the declassification of certain components within the record would be harmful to the protection of sources and methods or national security, pursuant to existing processes; and

(2) provides an explanation to Congress, including the congressional intelligence committees, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and Accountability, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, for such certification.

(b) Application

Subsection (a) shall apply regardless of whether or not the record described in such subsection is in the legal custody of the National Archives and Records Administration.

(Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title VI, §7602, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1096.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order 13526, referred to in subsec. (a), is Ex. Ord. No. 13526, Dec. 29, 2009, 75 F.R. 707, 1013, which is set out as a note under section 3161 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definition of "congressional intelligence committees" as used in this section, see section 7002 of Pub. L. 118–31, set out as a note under section 3003 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "13526,".
50 U.S.C. § 4025a (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 50: SERVICEMEMBERS CIVIL RELIEF / Subchapter VII: FURTHER RELIEF / Section 4025a: Portability of professional licenses of servicemembers and their spouses
Portability of professional licenses of servicemembers and their spouses
Status: in_force

(a) In general

If a servicemember or the spouse of a servicemember has a covered license and relocates residence because such servicemember receives military orders for military service in a State other than the State of the licensing authority that issued the covered license, such covered license shall be considered valid for the scope of practice in the State of the new residence if such servicemember or spouse submits to the licensing authority of such State an application described in subsection (c).

(b) Temporary licenses

If a licensing authority is required to consider a covered license valid under subsection (a) but cannot carry out such requirement during the 30 days after receiving an application described in subsection (c), the licensing authority may issue to the applicant a temporary license that confers the same rights, privileges, and responsibilities as a permanent license.

(c) Application

An application described in this subsection includes the following:

(1) Proof of military orders described in subsection (a).

(2) If the applicant is the spouse of a servicemember, a copy of the marriage certificate.

(3) A notarized affidavit affirming, under the penalty of law, that—

(A) the applicant is the person described and identified in the application;

(B) all statements made in the application are true and correct and complete;

(C) the applicant has read and understands the requirements to receive a license, and the scope of practice, of the State of the licensing authority;

(D) the applicant certifies that the applicant meets and shall comply with requirements described in subparagraph (C); and

(E) the applicant is in good standing in all States in which the applicant holds or has held a license.

(d) Background checks

A licensing authority that receives an application described in subsection (b) may conduct a background check of the applicant before carrying out subsection (a) or (b).

(e) Interstate compacts

If a servicemember or spouse of a servicemember has a covered license to operate in multiple States pursuant to an interstate compact described in section 1784 of title 10—

(1) the servicemember or spouse of a servicemember shall be subject to the requirements of such compact or the applicable provisions of law of the applicable State; and

(2) this section shall not apply to such servicemember or spouse of a servicemember.

(f) Definitions

In this section:

(1) The term "covered license" means a professional license that, with respect to a scope of practice—

(A) is in good standing with the licensing authority that issued such license;

(B) has not been revoked or had discipline imposed by any State;

(C) does not have an investigation relating to unprofessional conduct pending in any State relating to it; and

(D) has not been voluntarily surrendered while under investigation for unprofessional conduct in any State.

(2) The term "license" means any license, certificate, or other evidence of qualification that an individual is required to obtain before the individual may engage in, or represent himself or herself to be a member of, a particular profession.

(3) The term "licensing authority" means any State board, commission, department, or agency that—

(A) is established in the State for the primary purpose of regulating the entry of persons into or the conduct of persons within, a particular profession; and

(B) is authorized to issue licenses.

(4) The term "military orders" has the meaning given such term in section 3955 of this title.

(5) The term "scope of practice" means the defined parameters of various duties or services that may be provided by an individual under a license.

(Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, title VII, §705A, as added Pub. L. 117–333, §19(a), Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6137; amended Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §587, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1912.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Pub. L. 118–159 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to portability of professional licenses of servicemembers and their spouses.
50 U.S.C. § 3316c (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 45: MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES / Subchapter I: BUDGET AND OVERSIGHT / Section 3316c: Development of definitions for certain terms relating to intelligence
Development of definitions for certain terms relating to intelligence
Status: in_force

(a) Development

Not later than September 30, 2023, the Director of National Intelligence and the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security, in consultation with the heads of the elements of the intelligence community, shall jointly develop and publish definitions for the following terms:

(1) Acoustic intelligence.

(2) All-source intelligence.

(3) Communications intelligence.

(4) Critical intelligence.

(5) Cyber-threat intelligence.

(6) Electronic intelligence.

(7) Explosive ordnance intelligence.

(8) General military intelligence.

(9) Imagery intelligence.

(10) Geospatial intelligence.

(11) Instrumentation signals intelligence.

(12) Intelligence-related activity.

(13) Joint intelligence.

(14) Measurement and signature intelligence.

(15) Medical intelligence.

(16) Open-source intelligence.

(17) Operational intelligence.

(18) Scientific and technical intelligence.

(19) Signals intelligence.

(20) Strategic intelligence.

(21) Tactical intelligence.

(22) Target intelligence.

(23) Technical intelligence.

(24) Such others terms as may be jointly determined necessary by the Director of National Intelligence and the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security.

(b) Application to activities of intelligence community

The Director of National Intelligence shall ensure that the definitions developed under subsection (a) are used uniformly across activities of the intelligence community with respect to the corresponding terms specified in such subsection.

(c) Notice of modifications

The Director of National Intelligence and the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees notification of any modification by the Director and Under Secretary to a definition of a term specified in subsection (a) following the initial publication of the definition under such subsection.

(d) Appropriate congressional committees defined

In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means—

(1) the congressional intelligence committees; and

(2) the Committees on Armed Services of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

(Pub. L. 117–103, div. X, title III, §309, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 971.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Requirement to Develop Lexicon for Terms Relating to Gray Zone Activities

Pub. L. 117–103, div. X, title VIII, §825(b)(5), (c), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 1028, 1029, provided that:

["(b) National Intelligence Estimate.—]

"(5) Definitions.—In this subsection [pars. (1) to (4) not classified to the Code]:

"(A) Gray zone activity.—The term 'gray zone activity' means an activity to advance the national interests of a State that—

"(i) falls between ordinary statecraft and open warfare;

"(ii) is carried out with an intent to maximize the advancement of interests of the state without provoking a kinetic military response by the United States; and

"(iii) falls on a spectrum that ranges from covert adversary operations, to detectible covert adversary operations, to unattributable adversary operations, to deniable adversary operations, to open adversary operations.

"(B) Covert adversary operation.—The term 'covert adversary operation' means an operation by an adversary that—

"(i) the adversary intends to remain below the threshold at which the United States detects the operation; and

"(ii) does stay below such threshold.

"(C) Detectible covert adversary operation.—The term 'detectible covert adversary operation' means an operation by an adversary that—

"(i) the adversary intends to remain below the threshold at which the United States detects the operation; but

"(ii) is ultimately detected by the United States at a level below the level at which the United States will publicly attribute the operation to the adversary.

"(D) Unattributable adversary operation.—The term 'unattributable adversary operation' means an operation by an adversary that the adversary intends to be detected by the United States, but remains below the threshold at which the United States will publicly attribute the operation to the adversary.

"(E) Deniable adversary operation.—The term 'deniable adversary operation' means an operation by an adversary that—

"(i) the adversary intends to be detected and publicly or privately attributed by the United States; and

"(ii) the adversary intends to deny, to limit the response by the United States, and any allies of the United States.

"(F) Open adversary operation.—The term 'open adversary operation' means an operation by an adversary that the adversary openly acknowledges as attributable to the adversary.

"(c) Requirement to Develop Lexicon.—

"(1) Requirement.—The Director of National Intelligence, acting through the National Intelligence Council, shall develop a lexicon of common terms (and corresponding definitions for such terms) for concepts associated with gray zone activities.

"(2) Considerations.—In developing the lexicon under paragraph (1), the National Intelligence Council shall include in the lexicon each term (and the corresponding definition for each term) specified in subsection (b)(5), unless the National Intelligence Council determines that an alternative term (or alternative definition)—

"(A) more accurately describes a concept associated with gray zone activities; or

"(B) is preferable for any other reason.

"(3) Report.—

"(A) Publication.—The Director of National Intelligence shall publish a report containing the lexicon developed under paragraph (1).

"(B) Form.—The report under subparagraph (A) shall be published in unclassified form."

Definitions

For definitions of "congressional intelligence committees" and "intelligence community" as used in this section, see section 2 of div. X of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as a note under section 3003 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 4235 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 52: RESTITUTION FOR WORLD WAR II INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE-AMERICANS AND ALEUTS / Subchapter II: ALEUTIAN AND PRIBILOF ISLANDS RESTITUTION / Section 4235: Compensation for community losses
Compensation for community losses
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to the availability of funds appropriated to the Fund, the Secretary shall make payments from the Fund, in accordance with this section, as restitution for certain Aleut losses sustained in World War II.

(b) Trust

(1) Establishment

The Secretary shall, subject to the availability of funds appropriated for this purpose, establish a trust for the purposes set forth in this section. Such trust shall be established pursuant to the laws of the State of Alaska, and shall be maintained and operated by not more than seven trustees, as designated by the Secretary. Each affected Aleut village may submit to the Administrator a list of three prospective trustees. The Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator, affected Aleut villages, and the Corporation, shall designate not more than seven trustees from such lists as submitted.

(2) Administration of trust

The trust established under this subsection shall be administered in a manner that is consistent with the laws of the State of Alaska, and as prescribed by the Secretary, after consultation with representatives of eligible Aleuts, the residents of affected Aleut villages, and the Administrator.

(c) 1 Accounts for benefit of Aleuts

(1) In general

The Secretary shall deposit in the trust such sums as may be appropriated for the purposes set forth in this subsection. The trustees shall maintain and operate 8 independent and separate accounts in the trust for purposes of this subsection, as follows:

(A) One account for the independent benefit of the wartime Aleut residents of Attu and their descendants.

(B) Six accounts for the benefit of the 6 surviving affected Aleut villages, one each for the independent benefit of Akutan, Atka, Nikolski, Saint George, Saint Paul, and Unalaska, respectively.

(C) One account for the independent benefit of those Aleuts who, as determined by the Secretary, upon the advice of the trustees, are deserving but will not benefit directly from the accounts established under subparagraphs (A) and (B).

The trustees shall credit to the account described in subparagraph (C) an amount equal to 5 percent of the principal amount deposited by the Secretary in the trust under this subsection. Of the remaining principal amount, an amount shall be credited to each account described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) which bears the same proportion to such remaining principal amount as the Aleut civilian population, as of June 1, 1942, of the village with respect to which such account is established bears to the total civilian Aleut population on such date of all affected Aleut villages.

(2) Uses of accounts

The trustees may use the principal, accrued interest, and other earnings of the accounts maintained under paragraph (1) for—

(A) the benefit of elderly, disabled, or seriously ill persons on the basis of special need;

(B) the benefit of students in need of scholarship assistance;

(C) the preservation of Aleut cultural heritage and historical records;

(D) the improvement of community centers in affected Aleut villages; and

(E) other purposes to improve the condition of Aleut life, as determined by the trustees.

(3) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to the Fund to carry out this subsection.

(d) Compensation for damaged or destroyed church property

(1) Inventory and assessment of property

The Administrator shall make an inventory and assessment of real and personal church property of affected Aleut villages which was damaged or destroyed during World War II. In making such inventory and assessment, the Administrator shall consult with the trustees of the trust established under subsection (b), residents of affected Aleut villages, affected church members and leaders, and the clergy of the churches involved. Within 1 year after August 10, 1988, the Administrator shall submit such inventory and assessment, together with an estimate of the present replacement value of lost or destroyed furnishings and artifacts, to the Secretary.

(2) Review by the Secretary; deposit in the trust

The Secretary shall review the inventory and assessment provided under paragraph (1), and shall deposit in the trust established under subsection (b) an amount reasonably calculated by the Secretary to compensate affected Aleut villages for church property lost, damaged, or destroyed during World War II.

(3) Distribution of compensation

The trustees shall distribute the amount deposited in the trust under paragraph (2) for the benefit of the churches referred to in this subsection.

(4) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $4,700,000 to carry out this subsection.

(c) 1 Administrative and legal expenses

(1) Reimbursement for expenses

The Secretary shall reimburse the Administrator, not less often than annually, for reasonable and necessary administrative and legal expenses in carrying out the Administrator's responsibilities under this subchapter.

(2) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund such sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection.

(Pub. L. 100–383, title II, §205, Aug. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 912; Pub. L. 103–402, §1(a), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4174.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1989c–4 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 103–402 substituted "$4,700,000" for "$1,400,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Reestablishment of Fund; Use of Funds

Pub. L. 103–402, §1(b), (c), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4174, provided that:

"(b) Fund.—If the Fund referred to in section 205(a) of the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands Restitution Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1989c–4(a)) [now 50 U.S.C. 4235(a)] has been terminated pursuant to section 203(d) of such Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1989c–2(d)) [now 50 U.S.C. 4233(d)], upon the appropriation of additional funds pursuant to this Act [amending this section], the Fund shall be reestablished.

"(c) Use of Funds.—The funds appropriated pursuant to this Act shall be used solely for the renovation, replacement, and restoration of church property lost, damaged, or destroyed during World War II."

1 So in original. Two subsecs. (c) have been enacted.
50 U.S.C. § 441 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 15: NATIONAL SECURITY / Subchapter VII: APPLICATION OF SANCTIONS LAWS TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES / Section 441: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 441, comprising section 901 of the National Security Act of 1947, act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, was editorially reclassified as section 3171 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 3820 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 49: MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE / Section 3820: Procedural rights
Procedural rights
Status: in_force

(a) It is hereby declared to be the purpose of this section to guarantee to each registrant asserting a claim before a local or appeal board, a fair hearing consistent with the informal and expeditious processing which is required by selective service cases.

(b) Pursuant to such rules and regulations as the President may prescribe—

(1) Each registrant shall be afforded the opportunity to appear in person before the local or any appeal board of the Selective Service System to testify and present evidence regarding his status.

(2) Subject to reasonable limitations on the number of witnesses and the total time allotted to each registrant, each registrant shall have the right to present witnesses on his behalf before the local board.

(3) A quorum of any local board or appeal board shall be present during the registrant's personal appearance.

(4) In the event of a decision adverse to the claim of a registrant, the local or appeal board making such decision shall, upon request, furnish to such registrant a brief written statement of the reasons for its decision.

(June 24, 1948, ch. 625, title I, §22, as added Pub. L. 92–129, title I, §101(a)(36), Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 353.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 471a of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
50 U.S.C. § 3027 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 44: NATIONAL SECURITY / Subchapter I: COORDINATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY / Section 3027: National Intelligence Council
National Intelligence Council
Status: in_force

(a) National Intelligence Council

There is a National Intelligence Council.

(b) Composition

(1) The National Intelligence Council shall be composed of senior analysts within the intelligence community and substantive experts from the public and private sector, who shall be appointed by, report to, and serve at the pleasure of, the Director of National Intelligence.

(2) The Director shall prescribe appropriate security requirements for personnel appointed from the private sector as a condition of service on the Council, or as contractors of the Council or employees of such contractors, to ensure the protection of intelligence sources and methods while avoiding, wherever possible, unduly intrusive requirements which the Director considers to be unnecessary for this purpose.

(c) Duties and responsibilities

(1) The National Intelligence Council shall—

(A) produce national intelligence estimates for the United States Government, including alternative views held by elements of the intelligence community and other information as specified in paragraph (2);

(B) evaluate community-wide collection and production of intelligence by the intelligence community and the requirements and resources of such collection and production; and

(C) otherwise assist the Director of National Intelligence in carrying out the responsibilities of the Director under section 3024 of this title.

(2) The Director of National Intelligence shall ensure that the Council satisfies the needs of policymakers and other consumers of intelligence.

(d) Service as senior intelligence advisers

Within their respective areas of expertise and under the direction of the Director of National Intelligence, the members of the National Intelligence Council shall constitute the senior intelligence advisers of the intelligence community for purposes of representing the views of the intelligence community within the United States Government.

(e) Authority to contract

Subject to the direction and control of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Intelligence Council may carry out its responsibilities under this section by contract, including contracts for substantive experts necessary to assist the Council with particular assessments under this section.

(f) Staff

The Director of National Intelligence shall make available to the National Intelligence Council such staff as may be necessary to permit the Council to carry out its responsibilities under this section.

(g) Availability of Council and staff

(1) The Director of National Intelligence shall take appropriate measures to ensure that the National Intelligence Council and its staff satisfy the needs of policymaking officials and other consumers of intelligence.

(2) The Council shall be readily accessible to policymaking officials and other appropriate individuals not otherwise associated with the intelligence community.

(h) Support

The heads of the elements of the intelligence community shall, as appropriate, furnish such support to the National Intelligence Council, including the preparation of intelligence analyses, as may be required by the Director of National Intelligence.

(i) National Intelligence Council product

For purposes of this section, the term "National Intelligence Council product" includes a National Intelligence Estimate and any other intelligence community assessment that sets forth the judgment of the intelligence community as a whole on a matter covered by such product.

(July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title I, §103B, as added Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1011(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3657.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 403–3b of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

For Determination by President that section take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Section effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out in an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 3518a (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 46: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY / Section 3518a: Portability of overseas service retirement benefit
Portability of overseas service retirement benefit
Status: in_force

The special accrual rates provided by section 2153 of this title and by section 3518 of this title for computation of the annuity of an individual who has served abroad as an officer or employee of the Central Intelligence Agency shall be used to compute that portion of the annuity of such individual relating to such service abroad whether or not the individual is employed by the Central Intelligence Agency at the time of retirement from Federal service.

(Pub. L. 101–193, title III, §306, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1704; Pub. L. 103–178, title II, §204(a), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2033.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 403r–1 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as part of the Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1990, and not as part of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1993—Pub. L. 103–178 substituted reference to section 2153 of this title for reference in original to section 303 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees.
50 U.S.C. § 4405 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 54: MERCHANT SHIP SALES / Section 4405: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Mar. 8, 1946, ch. 82, §11, 60 Stat. 49, as amended, was redesignated as and transferred to section 57100 of Title 46, Shipping, by Pub. L. 115–91, div. C, title XXXV, §3502(a)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1910.

Section was formerly classified to section 1744 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
50 U.S.C. § 98a (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 5: ARSENALS, ARMORIES, ARMS, AND WAR MATERIAL GENERALLY / Subchapter III: ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC RAW MATERIALS / Section 98a: Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress finds that the natural resources of the United States in certain strategic and critical materials are deficient or insufficiently developed to supply the military, industrial, and essential civilian needs of the United States for national defense.

(b) It is the purpose of this subchapter to provide for the acquisition and retention of stocks of certain strategic and critical materials and to encourage the conservation and development of sources of such materials within the United States and thereby to decrease and to preclude, when possible, a dangerous and costly dependence by the United States upon foreign sources or a single point of failure for supplies of such materials in times of national emergency.

(c) The purpose of the National Defense Stockpile is to serve the interest of national defense only. The National Defense Stockpile is not to be used for economic or budgetary purposes.

(d) To the maximum extent practicable and to reduce the reliance of the National Defense Stockpile program on appropriated funds, the National Defense Stockpile Manager shall seek to achieve positive cash flows from the recovery of strategic and critical materials pursuant to section 98e(a)(5) of this title.

(June 7, 1939, ch. 190, §2, as added Pub. L. 96–41, §2(a), July 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 319; amended Pub. L. 100–180, div. C, title II, §3202(b), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 103–160, div. C, title XXXIII, §3311, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXIII, §3311(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2857; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XIV, §1412, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2048; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XIV, §1411(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 523.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 98a, acts June 7, 1939, ch. 190, §2, 53 Stat. 811; July 23, 1946, ch. 590, 60 Stat. 596; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §2(b), eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634; 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §2, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90–608, §402, 82 Stat. 1194; Ex. Ord. No. 11725, §3, eff. June 29, 1973, 38 F.R. 17175, related to determination of strategic and critical materials, the quantity and quality to be purchased, formation and functions of industry advisory committees, and the subsistence and traveling expenses of members of those committees, prior to repeal by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 96–41.

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in former section 98 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–41.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–31 added subsec. (d).

2013—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–239 inserted "or a single point of failure" after "foreign sources".

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201 added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "In providing for the National Defense Stockpile under this subchapter, Congress establishes the following principles:

"(1) The purpose of the National Defense Stockpile is to serve the interest of national defense only. The National Defense Stockpile is not to be used for economic or budgetary purposes.

"(2) Before October 1, 1994, the quantities of materials stockpiled under this subchapter should be sufficient to sustain the United States for a period of not less than three years during a national emergency situation that would necessitate total mobilization of the economy of the United States for a sustained conventional global war of indefinite duration.

"(3) On and after October 1, 1994, the quantities of materials stockpiled under this subchapter should be sufficient to meet the needs of the United States during a period of a national emergency that would necessitate an expansion of the Armed Forces together with a significant mobilization of the economy of the United States under planning guidance issued by the Secretary of Defense."

1993—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–160, §3311(1), substituted "Before October 1, 1994, the quantities" for "The quantities".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–160, §3311(2), added par. (3).

1987—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–180 added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXIII, §3311(c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2857, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 98h–5 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1996."
50 U.S.C. § 1522 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 32: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE PROGRAM / Section 1522: Conduct of chemical and biological defense program
Conduct of chemical and biological defense program
Status: in_force

(a) General

The Secretary of Defense shall carry out the chemical and biological defense program of the United States in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(b) Management and oversight

In carrying out his responsibilities under this section, the Secretary of Defense shall do the following:

(1) Assign responsibility for overall coordination and integration of the chemical and biological warfare defense program and the chemical and biological medical defense program to a single office within the Office of the Secretary of Defense.

(2) Take those actions necessary to ensure close and continuous coordination between (A) the chemical and biological warfare defense program, and (B) the chemical and biological medical defense program.

(3) Exercise oversight over the chemical and biological defense program through the Defense Acquisition Board process.

(c) Coordination of program

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall designate the Army as executive agent for the Department of Defense to coordinate and integrate research, development, test, and evaluation, and acquisition, requirements of the military departments for chemical and biological warfare defense programs of the Department of Defense.

(2) The Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency may conduct a program of basic and applied research and advanced technology development on chemical and biological warfare defense technologies and systems. In conducting such program, the Director shall seek to avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities under the program with chemical and biological warfare defense activities of the military departments and defense agencies and shall coordinate the activities under the program with those of the military departments and defense agencies.

(d) Funding

(1) The budget for the Department of Defense for each fiscal year after fiscal year 1994 shall reflect a coordinated and integrated chemical and biological defense program for the Department of Defense.

(2) Funding requests for the program (other than for activities under the program conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under subsection (c)(2)) shall be set forth in the budget of the Department of Defense for each fiscal year as a separate account, with a single program element for each of the categories of research, development, test, and evaluation, acquisition, and military construction. Amounts for military construction projects may be set forth in the annual military construction budget. Funds for military construction for the program in the military construction budget shall be set forth separately from other funds for military construction projects. Funding requests for the program may be included in the budget accounts of the military departments.

(3) The program conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under subsection (c)(2) shall be set forth as a separate program element in the budget of that agency.

(4) All funding requirements for the chemical and biological defense program shall be reviewed by the Secretary of the Army as executive agent pursuant to subsection (c).

(e) Management review and report

(1) The Secretary of Defense shall conduct a review of the management structure of the Department of Defense chemical and biological warfare defense program, including—

(A) research, development, test, and evaluation;

(B) procurement;

(C) doctrine development;

(D) policy;

(E) training;

(F) development of requirements;

(G) readiness; and

(H) risk assessment.

(2) Not later than May 1, 1994, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the details of measures being taken to improve joint coordination and oversight of the program and ensure a coherent and effective approach to its management.

(Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XVII, §1701, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1853; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title II, §228, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2460; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title X, §1047, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 392.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994, and not as part of Pub. L. 91–121, title IV, §409, Nov. 19, 1969, 83 Stat. 209, which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted "may be included in the budget accounts" for "may not be included in the budget accounts".

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201, §228(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 104–201, §228(b)(1), substituted "program for the Department of Defense" for "program for the military departments".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 104–201, §228(b)(2), in first sentence, inserted "(other than for activities under the program conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under subsection (c)(2))" after "requests for the program".

Subsec. (d)(3), (4). Pub. L. 104–201, §228(b)(3), (4), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Implementation of GAO Recommendations on Preparedness of United States Forces To Counter North Korean Chemical and Biological Weapons

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §1259, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3958, provided that:

"(a) Plan Required.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop a plan to address the recommendations in the U.S. Government Accountability Office's report entitled 'Preparedness of U.S. Forces to Counter North Korean Chemical and Biological Weapons' (GAO–21–104C).

"(2) Elements.—The plan required under paragraph (1) shall, with respect to each recommendation in the report described in paragraph (1) that the Secretary of Defense has implemented or intends to implement, include—

"(A) a summary of actions that have been or will be taken to implement the recommendation; and

"(B) a schedule, with specific milestones, for completing implementation of the recommendation.

"(b) Submission to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021], the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] the plan required under subsection (a).

"(c) Deadline for Implementation.—

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall carry out activities to implement the plan developed under subsection (a).

"(2) Exception for implementation of certain recommendations.—

"(A) Delayed implementation.—The Secretary of Defense may initiate implementation of a recommendation in the report described in subsection (a)(1) after the date specified in paragraph (1) if the Secretary provides the congressional defense committees with a specific justification for the delay in implementation of such recommendation on or before such date.

"(B) Nonimplementation.—The Secretary of Defense may decide not to implement a recommendation in the report described in subsection (a)(1) if the Secretary provides to the congressional defense committees, on or before the date specified in paragraph (1)—

"(i) a specific justification for the decision not to implement the recommendation; and

"(ii) a summary of alternative actions the Secretary plans to take to address the conditions underlying the recommendation."

National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1708, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2318, provided that: "There is established in the Department of Defense a National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center, whose mission is to develop countermeasures to potential attacks by terrorists using weapons of mass destruction."

[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center of the Department of Defense, including the functions of the Secretary of Defense related thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 183(2), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]

Chemical Warfare Defense

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title II, §247, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 1956, provided that:

"(a) Review and Modification of Policies and Doctrines.—The Secretary of Defense shall review the policies and doctrines of the Department of Defense on chemical warfare defense and modify the policies and doctrine as appropriate to achieve the objectives set forth in subsection (b).

"(b) Objectives.—The objectives for the modification of policies and doctrines of the Department of Defense on chemical warfare defense are as follows:

"(1) To provide for adequate protection of personnel from any exposure to a chemical warfare agent (including chronic and low-level exposure to a chemical warfare agent) that would endanger the health of exposed personnel because of the deleterious effects of—

"(A) a single exposure to the agent;

"(B) exposure to the agent concurrently with other dangerous exposures, such as exposures to—

"(i) other potentially toxic substances in the environment, including pesticides, other insect and vermin control agents, and environmental pollutants;

"(ii) low-grade nuclear and electromagnetic radiation present in the environment;

"(iii) preventive medications (that are dangerous when taken concurrently with other dangerous exposures referred to in this paragraph);

"(iv) diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other hydrocarbon-based fuels; and

"(v) occupational hazards, including battlefield hazards; and

"(C) repeated exposures to the agent, or some combination of one or more exposures to the agent and other dangerous exposures referred to in subparagraph (B), over time.

"(2) To provide for—

"(A) the prevention of and protection against, and the detection (including confirmation) of, exposures to a chemical warfare agent (whether intentional or inadvertent) at levels that, even if not sufficient to endanger health immediately, are greater than the level that is recognized under Department of Defense policies as being the maximum safe level of exposure to that agent for the general population; and

"(B) the recording, reporting, coordinating, and retaining of information on possible exposures described in subparagraph (A), including the monitoring of the health effects of exposures on humans and animals, environmental effects, and ecological effects, and the documenting and reporting of those effects specifically by location.

"(3) To provide solutions for the concerns and mission requirements that are specifically applicable for one or more of the Armed Forces in a protracted conflict when exposures to chemical agents could be complex, dynamic, and occurring over an extended period.

"(c) Research Program.—The Secretary of Defense shall develop and carry out a plan to establish a research program for determining the effects of exposures to chemical warfare agents of the type described in subsection (b). The research shall be designed to yield results that can guide the Secretary in the evolution of policy and doctrine on exposures to chemical warfare agents and to develop new risk assessment methods and instruments with respect to such exposures. The plan shall state the objectives and scope of the program and include a 5-year funding plan.

"(d) Report.—Not later than May 1, 1999, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives [now Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives] a report on the results of the review under subsection (a) and on the research program developed under subsection (c). The report shall include the following:

"(1) Each modification of chemical warfare defense policy and doctrine resulting from the review.

"(2) Any recommended legislation regarding chemical warfare defense.

"(3) The plan for the research program."

Study of Facility for Training and Evaluation of Chemical or Biological Weapons Response Personnel

Pub. L. 104–132, title V, §521(b), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1286, provided that:

"(1) Findings.—The Congress finds that—

"(A) the threat of the use of chemical and biological weapons by Third World countries and by terrorist organizations has increased in recent years and is now a problem of worldwide significance;

"(B) the military and law enforcement agencies in the United States that are responsible for responding to the use of such weapons require additional testing, training, and evaluation facilities to ensure that the personnel of such agencies discharge their responsibilities effectively; and

"(C) a facility that recreates urban and suburban locations would provide an especially effective environment in which to test, train, and evaluate such personnel for that purpose.

"(2) Study of facility.—

"(A) In general.—The President shall establish an interagency task force to determine the feasibility and advisability of establishing a facility that recreates both an urban environment and a suburban environment in such a way as to permit the effective testing, training, and evaluation in such environments of government personnel who are responsible for responding to the use of chemical and biological weapons in the United States.

"(B) Description of facility.—The facility considered under subparagraph (A) shall include—

"(i) facilities common to urban environments (including a multistory building and an underground rail transit system) and to suburban environments;

"(ii) the capacity to produce controllable releases of chemical and biological agents from a variety of urban and suburban structures, including laboratories, small buildings, and dwellings;

"(iii) the capacity to produce controllable releases of chemical and biological agents into sewage, water, and air management systems common to urban areas and suburban areas;

"(iv) chemical and biocontaminant facilities at the P3 and P4 levels;

"(v) the capacity to test and evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of protective clothing and facilities and survival techniques in urban areas and suburban areas; and

"(vi) the capacity to test and evaluate the effectiveness of variable sensor arrays (including video, audio, meteorological, chemical, and biosensor arrays) in urban areas and suburban areas.

"(C) Sense of congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the facility considered under subparagraph (A) shall, if established—

"(i) be under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense; and

"(ii) be located at a principal facility of the Department of Defense for the testing and evaluation of the use of chemical and biological weapons during any period of armed conflict."

Consolidation of Chemical and Biological Defense Training Activities

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XVII, §1702, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1854, provided that: "The Secretary of Defense shall consolidate all chemical and biological warfare defense training activities of the Department of Defense at the United States Army Chemical School."

Sense of Congress Concerning Federal Emergency Planning for Response to Terrorist Threats

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XVII, §1704, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1855, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that the President should strengthen Federal interagency emergency planning by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies for development of a capability for early detection and warning of and response to—

"(1) potential terrorist use of chemical or biological agents or weapons; and

"(2) emergencies or natural disasters involving industrial chemicals or the widespread outbreak of disease."
50 U.S.C. § 3055 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 44: NATIONAL SECURITY / Subchapter I: COORDINATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY / Section 3055: Annual report on financial intelligence on terrorist assets
Annual report on financial intelligence on terrorist assets
Status: in_force

(a) Annual report

On an annual basis, the Secretary of the Treasury (acting through the head of the Office of Intelligence Support) shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that fully informs the committees concerning operations against terrorist financial networks. Each such report shall include with respect to the preceding one-year period—

(1) the total number of asset seizures, designations, and other actions against individuals or entities found to have engaged in financial support of terrorism;

(2) the total number of physical searches of offices, residences, or financial records of individuals or entities suspected of having engaged in financial support for terrorist activity; and

(3) whether the financial intelligence information seized in these cases has been shared on a full and timely basis with the all departments, agencies, and other entities of the United States Government involved in intelligence activities participating in the Foreign Terrorist Asset Tracking Center.

(b) Immediate notification for emergency designation

In the case of a designation of an individual or entity, or the assets of an individual or entity, as having been found to have engaged in terrorist activities, the Secretary of the Treasury shall report such designation within 24 hours of such a designation to the appropriate congressional committees.

(c) Submittal date of reports to congressional intelligence committees

In the case of the reports required to be submitted under subsection (a) to the congressional intelligence committees, the submittal dates for such reports shall be as provided in section 3106 of this title.

(d) Appropriate congressional committees defined

In this section, the term "appropriate congressional committees" means the following:

(1) The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

(2) The Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

(July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title I, §118, as added Pub. L. 107–306, title III, §342(a)(1), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2398; amended Pub. L. 111–259, title III, §347(d), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2698; Pub. L. 117–263, div. F, title LXVIII, §6824(a)(3), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3615.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 404m of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–263 substituted "an annual" for "a annual" in introductory provisions.

2010—Pub. L. 111–259, §347(d)(1), substituted "Annual" for "Semiannual" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–259, §347(d)(2)(A), (B), in heading, substituted "Annual" for "Semiannual" and, in introductory provisions, substituted "annual basis" for "semiannual basis" and "preceding one-year period" for "preceding six-month period".

Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 111–259, §347(d)(2)(C), (D), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "the total number of applications for asset seizure and designations of individuals or entities suspected of having engaged in financial support of terrorist activities that were granted, modified, or denied;".

Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 111–259, §347(d)(3), inserted "the Committee on Armed Services," after "the Committee on Appropriations,".
50 U.S.C. § 2742 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 42: ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE PROVISIONS / Subchapter VII: BUDGET AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MATTERS / Section 2742: Reprogramming
Reprogramming
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Except as provided in subsection (b) and in sections 2750 and 2751 of this title, the Secretary of Energy may not use amounts appropriated pursuant to a DOE national security authorization for a program—

(1) in amounts that exceed, in a fiscal year—

(A) 115 percent of the amount authorized for that program by that authorization for that fiscal year; or

(B) $5,000,000 more than the amount authorized for that program by that authorization for that fiscal year; or

(2) which has not been presented to, or requested of, Congress.

(b) Exception where notice-and-wait given

An action described in subsection (a) may be taken if—

(1) the Secretary submits to the congressional defense committees a report referred to in subsection (c) with respect to such action; and

(2) a period of 30 days has elapsed after the date on which such committees receive the report.

(c) Report

The report referred to in this subsection is a report containing a full and complete statement of the action proposed to be taken and the facts and circumstances relied upon in support of the proposed action.

(d) Computation of days

In the computation of the 30-day period under subsection (b), there shall be excluded any day on which either House of Congress is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain.

(e) Limitations

(1) Total amount obligated

In no event may the total amount of funds obligated pursuant to a DOE national security authorization for a fiscal year exceed the total amount authorized to be appropriated by that authorization for that fiscal year.

(2) Prohibited items

Funds appropriated pursuant to a DOE national security authorization may not be used for an item for which Congress has specifically denied funds.

(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLVII, §4702, formerly div. C, title XXXVI, §3621, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2757; renumbered div. D, title XLVII, §4702, and amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, §3141(j)(2)(A)–(D)(i), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1781; Pub. L. 113–66, div. C, title XXXI, §3146(h)(1), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1080.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 7386a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 108–136.

Amendments

2013—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–66 substituted "this subsection" for "subsection (a)".

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–136, §3141(j)(2)(D)(i), in introductory provisions, made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to sections 2750 and 2751 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 2511 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 42: ATOMIC ENERGY DEFENSE PROVISIONS / Subchapter I: ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS / Section 2511: Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program
Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program
Status: in_force

The provisions of Executive Order Numbered 12344, dated February 1, 1982, pertaining to the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, shall remain in force until changed by law.

(Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLI, §4101, formerly Pub. L. 98–525, title XVI, §1634, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2649; renumbered Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLI, §4101, and amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, §3141(d)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1757.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Executive Order Numbered 12344, referred to in text, is set out as a note below.

Codification

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 7158 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 108–136.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

All national security functions and activities performed immediately before Oct. 5, 1999, by the Office of Naval Reactors transferred to the Administrator for Nuclear Security of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the Department of Energy, and the Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors of the Administration to be assigned the responsibilities, authorities, and accountability for all functions of the Office of Naval Reactors under Executive Order No. 12344, set out below, see sections 2406 and 2481 of this title.

Executive Order No. 12344 To Remain in Force

Except as otherwise specified in section 2406 of this title and notwithstanding any other provision of title XXXII of Pub. L. 106–65 (see Short Title note set out under section 2401 of this title), the provisions of Executive Order No. 12344 (set out below) to remain in full force and effect until changed by law, see section 2406 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12344. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program

Ex. Ord. No. 12344, Feb. 1, 1982, 47 F.R. 4979, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States of America, with recognition of the crucial importance to national security of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, and for the purpose of preserving the basic structure, policies, and practices developed for this Program in the past and assuring that the Program will continue to function with excellence, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. The Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program is an integrated program carried out by two organizational units, one in the Department of Energy and the other in the Department of the Navy.

Sec. 2. Both organizational units shall be headed by the same individual so that the activities of each may continue in practice under common management. This individual shall direct the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program in both departments. The director shall be qualified by reason of technical background and experience in naval nuclear propulsion. The director may be either a civilian or an officer of the United States Navy, active or retired.

Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Navy (through the Secretary of Defense) and the Secretary of Energy shall obtain the approval of the President to appoint the director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program for their respective Departments. The director shall be appointed to serve a term of eight years, except that the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of the Navy may, with mutual concurrence, terminate or extend the term of the respective appointments.

Sec. 4. An officer of the United States Navy appointed as director shall be nominated for the grade of Admiral. A civilian serving as director shall be compensated at a rate to be specified at the time of appointment.

Sec. 5. Within the Department of Energy, the Secretary of Energy shall assign to the director the responsibility of performing the functions of the Division of Naval Reactors transferred to the Department of Energy by Section 309(a) of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7158), including assigned civilian power reactor programs, and any naval nuclear propulsion functions of the Department of Energy, including:

(a) direct supervision over the Bettis and Knolls Atomic Power Laboratories, the Expended Core Facility and naval reactor prototype plants;

(b) research, development, design, acquisition, specification, construction, inspection, installation, certification, testing, overhaul, refueling, operating practices and procedures, maintenance, supply support, and ultimate disposition, of naval nuclear propulsion plants, including components thereof, and any special maintenance and service facilities related thereto;

(c) the safety of reactors and associated navel [naval] nuclear propulsion plants, and control of radiation and radioactivity associated with naval nuclear propulsion activities, including prescribing and enforcing standards and regulations for these areas as they affect the environment and the safety and health of workers, operators, and the general public;

(d) training, including training conducted at the naval prototype reactors of the Department of Energy, and assistance and concurrence in the selection, training, qualification, and assignment of personnel reporting to the director and of personnel who supervise, operate, or maintain naval nuclear propulsion plants; and

(e) administration of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, including oversight of program support in areas such as security, nuclear safeguards and transportation, public information, procurement, logistics and fiscal management.

Sec. 6. Within the Department of Energy, the director shall report to the Secretary of Energy, through the Assistant Secretary assigned nuclear energy functions and shall serve as a Deputy Assistant Secretary. The director shall have direct access to the Secretary of Energy and other senior officials in the Department of Energy concerning naval nuclear propulsion matters, and to all other personnel who supervise, operate or maintain naval nuclear propulsion plants and support facilities for the Department of Energy.

Sec. 7. Within the Department of the Navy, the Secretary of the Navy shall assign to the director responsibility to supervise all technical aspects of the Navy's nuclear propulsion work, including:

(a) research, development, design, procurement, specification, construction, inspection, installation, certification, testing, overhaul, refueling, operating practices and procedures, maintenance, supply support, and ultimate disposition, of naval nuclear propulsion plants, including components thereof, and any special maintenance and service facilities related thereto; and

(b) training programs, including Nuclear Power Schools of the Navy, and assistance and concurrence in the selection, training, qualification, and assignment of personnel reporting to the director and of Government personnel who supervise, operate, or maintain naval nuclear propulsion plants.

Sec. 8. Within the Department of the Navy, the Secretary of the Navy shall assign to the director responsibility within the Navy for:

(a) the safety of reactors and associated naval nuclear propulsion plants, and control of radiation and radioactivity associated with naval nuclear propulsion activities, including prescribing and enforcing standards and regulations for these areas as they affect the environment and the safety and health of workers, operators, and the general public.

(b) administration of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, including oversight of program support in areas such as security, nuclear safeguards and transportation, public information, procurement, logistics, and fiscal management.

Sec. 9. In addition to any other organizational assignments within the Department of the Navy, the director shall report directly to the Chief of Naval Operations. The director shall have direct access to the Secretary of the Navy and other senior officials in the Department of the Navy concerning naval nuclear propulsion matters, and to all other Government personnel who supervise, operate, or maintain naval nuclear propulsion plants and support facilities.

Sec. 10. This Order is effective on February 1, 1982.

Ronald Reagan.
50 U.S.C. § 2093 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 38: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Subchapter II: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM / Section 2093: Payment of benefits
Payment of benefits
Status: in_force

(a) Annuities stated as annual amounts

Each annuity is stated as an annual amount, 1/12 of which, rounded to the next lowest dollar, constitutes the monthly rate payable on the first business day of the month after the month or other period for which it has accrued.

(b) Commencement of annuity

(1) Commencement of annuity for participants generally

Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2), the annuity of a participant who has met the eligibility requirements for an annuity shall commence on the first day of the month after separation from the Agency or after pay ceases and the service and age requirements for title to an annuity are met.

(2) Exceptions

The annuity of—

(A) a participant involuntarily separated from the Agency;

(B) a participant retiring under section 2051 of this title due to a disability; and

(C) a participant who serves 3 days or less in the month of retirement;

shall commence on the day after separation from the Agency or the day after pay ceases and the service and age or disability requirements for title to annuity are met.

(3) Other annuities

Any other annuity payable from the fund commences on the first day of the month after the occurrence of the event on which payment thereof is based.

(c) Termination of annuity

An annuity payable from the fund shall terminate—

(1) in the case of a retired participant, on the day death or any other terminating event provided by this subchapter occurs; or

(2) in the case of a former spouse or a survivor, on the last day of the month before death or any other terminating event occurs.

(d) Application for survivor annuities

The annuity to a survivor shall become effective as otherwise specified but shall not be paid until the survivor submits an application for such annuity, supported by such proof of eligibility as the Director may require. If such application or proof of eligibility is not submitted during the lifetime of an otherwise eligible individual, no annuity shall be due or payable to the individual's estate.

(e) Waiver of annuity

An individual entitled to an annuity from the fund may decline to accept all or any part of the annuity by submitting a signed waiver to the Director. The waiver may be revoked in writing at any time. Payment of the annuity waived may not be made for the period during which the waiver is in effect.

(f) Limitations

(1) Application before 115th anniversary

No payment shall be made from the fund unless an application for benefits based on the service of the participant is received by the Director before the 115th anniversary of the participant's birth.

(2) Application within 30 years

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), after the death of a participant or retired participant, no benefit based on that participant's service may be paid from the fund unless an application for the benefit is received by the Director within 30 years after the death or other event which gives rise to eligibility for the benefit.

(g) Withholding of State income tax from annuities

(1) Agreements with States

The Director shall, in accordance with this subsection, enter into an agreement with any State within 120 days of a request for agreement from the proper State official. The agreement shall provide that the Director shall withhold State income tax in the case of the monthly annuity of any annuitant who voluntarily requests, in writing, such withholding. The amounts withheld during any calendar quarter shall be held in the fund and disbursed to the States during the month following that calendar quarter.

(2) Limitation on multiple requests

An annuitant may have in effect at any time only one request for withholding under this subsection, and an annuitant may not have more than two such requests during any one calendar year.

(3) Change in State designation

Subject to paragraph (2), an annuitant may change the State designated by that annuitant for purposes of having withholdings made, and may request that the withholdings be remitted in accordance with such change. An annuitant also may revoke any request of that annuitant for withholding. Any change in the State designated or revocation is effective on the first day of the month after the month in which the request or the revocation is processed by the Director, but in no event later than on the first day of the second month beginning after the day on which such request or revocation is received by the Director.

(4) General provisions

This subsection does not give the consent of the United States to the application of a statute which imposes more burdensome requirements of the United States than on employers generally, or which subjects the United States or any annuitant to a penalty or liability because of this subsection. The Director may not accept pay from a State for services performed in withholding State income taxes from annuities. Any amount erroneously withheld from an annuity and paid to a State by the Director shall be repaid by the State in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Director.

(5) "State" defined

For the purpose of this subsection, the term "State" includes the District of Columbia and any territory or possession of the United States.

(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, §263, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3235; amended Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title IX, §7901(d)(2), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1106.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 263 of Pub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1052; Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, §609, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1153; Pub. L. 99–335, title V, §501(2), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 622, related to attachment of moneys and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted "fund" for "Fund".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on first day of fourth month beginning after Oct. 24, 1992, see section 805 of Pub. L. 102–496, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 4552 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 55: DEFENSE PRODUCTION / Subchapter III: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4552: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Critical component

The term "critical component" includes such components, subsystems, systems, and related special tooling and test equipment essential to the production, repair, maintenance, or operation of weapon systems or other items of equipment identified by the President as being essential to the execution of the national security strategy of the United States. Components identified as critical by a National Security Assessment conducted pursuant to section 113(i) of title 10 or by a Presidential determination as a result of a petition filed under section 1862 of title 19 shall be designated as critical components for purposes of this chapter, unless the President determines that the designation is unwarranted.

(2) Critical infrastructure

The term "critical infrastructure" means any systems and assets, whether physical or cyber-based, so vital to the United States that the degradation or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on national security, including, but not limited to, national economic security and national public health or safety.

(3) Critical technology

The term "critical technology" includes any technology designated by the President to be essential to the national defense.

(4) Critical technology item

The term "critical technology item" means materials directly employing, derived from, or utilizing a critical technology.

(5) Defense contractor

The term "defense contractor" means any person who enters into a contract with the United States—

(A) to furnish materials, industrial resources, or a critical technology for the national defense; or

(B) to perform services for the national defense.

(6) Domestic industrial base

The term "domestic industrial base" means domestic sources which are providing, or which would be reasonably expected to provide, materials or services to meet national defense requirements during peacetime, national emergency, or war.

(7) Domestic source

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term "domestic source" means a business concern—

(i) that performs in the United States or Canada substantially all of the research and development, engineering, manufacturing, and production activities required of such business concern under a contract with the United States relating to a critical component or a critical technology item; and

(ii) that procures from business concerns described in clause (i) substantially all of any components and assemblies required under a contract with the United States relating to a critical component or critical technology item.

(B) Domestic source for subchapter II

(i) In general

For purposes of subchapter II, the term "domestic source" means a business concern that—

(I) performs substantially all of the research and development, engineering, manufacturing, and production activities required of such business concern under a contract with the United States relating to a critical component or a critical technology item in—

(aa) the United States or Canada; or

(bb) subject to clause (ii), Australia or the United Kingdom; and

(II) procures from business concerns described in subclause (I) substantially all of any components or assemblies required under a contract with the United States relating to a critical component or critical technology item.

(ii) Limitations on use of business concerns in Australia and United Kingdom

(I) In general

A business concern described in clause (i)(I)(bb) may be treated as a domestic source only for purposes of the exercise of authorities under subchapter II relating to national defense matters that cannot be fully addressed with business concerns described in clause (i)(I)(aa).

(II) National defense matter defined

For purposes of subclause (I), the term "national defense matter" is a matter relating to the development or production of—

(aa) a defense article, as defined in section 301 of title 10; or

(bb) materials critical to national security, as defined in section 98h–1(f) of this title.

(8) Facilities

The term "facilities" includes all types of buildings, structures, or other improvements to real property (but excluding farms, churches or other places of worship, and private dwelling houses), and services relating to the use of any such building, structure, or other improvement.

(9) Foreign source

The term "foreign source" means a business entity other than a "domestic source".

(10) Guaranteeing agency

The term "guaranteeing agency" means a department or agency of the United States engaged in procurement for the national defense.

(11) Homeland security

The term "homeland security" includes efforts—

(A) to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States;

(B) to reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism;

(C) to minimize damage from a terrorist attack in the United States; and

(D) to recover from a terrorist attack in the United States.

(12) Industrial resources

The term "industrial resources" means materials, services, processes, or manufacturing equipment (including the processes, technologies, and ancillary services for the use of such equipment) needed to establish or maintain an efficient and modern national defense industrial base.

(13) Materials

The term "materials" includes—

(A) any raw materials (including minerals, metals, and advanced processed materials), commodities, articles, components (including critical components), products, and items of supply; and

(B) any technical information or services ancillary to the use of any such materials, commodities, articles, components, products, or items.

(14) National defense

The term "national defense" means programs for military and energy production or construction, military or critical infrastructure assistance to any foreign nation, homeland security, stockpiling, space, and any directly related activity. Such term includes emergency preparedness activities conducted pursuant to title VI of The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 5195 et seq.] and critical infrastructure protection and restoration.

(15) Person

The term "person" includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other organized group of persons, or legal successor or representative thereof, or any State or local government or agency thereof.

(16) Services

The term "services" includes any effort that is needed for or incidental to—

(A) the development, production, processing, distribution, delivery, or use of an industrial resource or a critical technology item;

(B) the construction of facilities;

(C) the movement of individuals and property by all modes of civil transportation; or

(D) other national defense programs and activities.

(17) Small business concern

The term "small business concern" means a business concern that meets the requirements of section 632(a) of title 15 and the regulations promulgated pursuant to that section, and includes such business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals or by women.

(Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, title VII, §702, 64 Stat. 815; June 30, 1953, ch. 171, §8, 67 Stat. 130; Pub. L. 91–379, title I, §102, Aug. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 102–558, title I, §132, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4210; Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3110; Pub. L. 108–195, §5, Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2893; Pub. L. 111–67, §8, Sept. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2017; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title X, §1080(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 415.)

Termination of Section

For termination of section, see section 4564(a) of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, 64 Stat. 798, known as the Defense Production Act of 1950, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 4501 of this title and Tables.

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in par. (14), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IV–B (§5195 et seq.) of chapter 68 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 2152 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2023—Par. (7). Pub. L. 118–31 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, substituted "Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term" for "The term" in introductory provisions, redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A) and realigned margins, substituted "clause (i)" for "subparagraph (A)" in cl. (ii), and added subpar. (B).

2009—Par. (1). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(1), substituted "equipment identified by the President" for "military equipment identified by the Secretary of Defense".

Pars. (2), (3). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(2)–(4), added par. (3), redesignated former par. (3) as (2), and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text of par. (2) read as follows: "The term 'critical industry for national security' means any industry (or industry sector) identified pursuant to section 2503(6) of title 10 and such other industries or industry sectors as may be designated by the President as essential to provide industrial resources required for the execution of the national security strategy of the United States."

Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(2), (5), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text of par. (4) read as follows: "The term 'critical technology' includes any technology that is included in 1 or more of the plans submitted pursuant to section 6681 of title 42 or section 2508 of title 10 (unless subsequently deleted), or such other emerging or dual use technology as may be designated by the President."

Par. (6). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(5), (6), redesignated par. (7) as (6), in heading, struck out "defense" after "Domestic", and, in text, substituted " 'domestic industrial base' " for " 'domestic defense industrial base' " and struck out "graduated mobilization," after "peacetime,". Former par. (6) redesignated (5).

Pars. (7) to (9). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(2), (5), (7), redesignated pars. (8), (10), and (11) as (7) to (9), respectively, and struck out former par. (9). Prior to amendment, text of par. (9) read as follows: "The term 'essential weapon system' means a major weapon system and other items of military equipment identified by the Secretary of Defense as being essential to the execution of the national security strategy of the United States." Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Pars. (10), (11). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(8), added pars. (10) and (11). Former pars. (10) and (11) redesignated (8) and (9), respectively.

Par. (12). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(9), substituted "base" for "capacity".

Par. (14). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(10), substituted "military or critical infrastructure assistance to any foreign nation, homeland security" for "military assistance to any foreign nation".

Par. (16). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(11), added subpars. (C) and (D).

Par. (18). Pub. L. 111–67, §8(2), struck out par. (18). Text read as follows: "The term 'small business concern owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals' has the same meaning as in section 637(d)(3)(C) of title 15."

2003—Pars. (3) to (13). Pub. L. 108–195, §5(1), (2), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) to (12) as (4) to (13), respectively. Former par. (13) redesignated (14).

Par. (14). Pub. L. 108–195, §5(1), (3), redesignated par. (13) as (14) and inserted "and critical infrastructure protection and restoration" before period at end of last sentence. Former par. (14) redesignated (15).

Pars. (15) to (18). Pub. L. 108–195, §5(1), redesignated pars. (14) to (17) as (15) to (18), respectively.

1994—Par. (13). Pub. L. 103–337 inserted at end "Such term includes emergency preparedness activities conducted pursuant to title VI of The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act."

1992—Pub. L. 102–558 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions defining terms "person", "materials", "facilities", "national defense", "wages, salaries, and other compensation", and "defense contractor".

1970—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–379, §102(1), inserted reference to space in definition of national defense.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–379, §102(2), added subsec. (f).

1953—Subsec. (d). Act June 30, 1953, amended subsec. (d) generally which, among other changes, inserted references to construction, military assistance to foreign nations and stockpiling, and struck out specific reference to "operations or activities in connection with the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, as amended".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–558 deemed to have become effective Mar. 1, 1992, see section 304 of Pub. L. 102–558, set out as a note under section 4502 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 4813 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 58: EXPORT CONTROL REFORM / Subchapter I: AUTHORITY AND ADMINISTRATION OF CONTROLS / Section 4813: Additional authorities
Additional authorities
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In carrying out this subchapter on behalf of the President, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall—

(1) establish and maintain a list of items that are controlled under this subchapter;

(2) establish and maintain a list of foreign persons and end-uses that are determined to be a threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States pursuant to the policy set forth in section 4811(2)(A) of this title;

(3) prohibit unauthorized exports, reexports, and in-country transfers of controlled items, including to foreign persons in the United States or outside the United States;

(4) restrict exports, reexports, and in-country transfers of any controlled items to any foreign person or end-use listed under paragraph (2);

(5) require licenses or other authorizations, as appropriate, for exports, reexports, and in-country transfers of controlled items, including—

(A) imposing conditions or restrictions on United States persons and foreign persons with respect to such licenses or other authorizations; and

(B) suspending or revoking such licenses or authorizations;

(6) establish a process for an assessment to determine whether a foreign item is comparable in quality to an item controlled under this subchapter, and is available in sufficient quantities to render the United States export control of that item or the denial of a license ineffective, including a mechanism to address that disparity;

(7) require measures for compliance with the export controls established under this subchapter;

(8) require and obtain such information from United States persons and foreign persons as is necessary to carry out this subchapter;

(9) require, to the extent feasible, identification of items subject to controls under this subchapter in order to facilitate the enforcement of such controls;

(10) inspect, search, detain, or seize, or impose temporary denial orders with respect to items, in any form, that are subject to controls under this subchapter, or conveyances on which it is believed that there are items that have been, are being, or are about to be exported, reexported, or in-country transferred in violation of this subchapter;

(11) monitor shipments and other means of transfer;

(12) keep the public appropriately apprised of changes in policy, regulations, and procedures established under this subchapter;

(13) appoint technical advisory committees in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act;

(14) create, as warranted, exceptions to licensing requirements in order to further the objectives of this subchapter;

(15) establish and maintain processes to inform persons, either individually by specific notice or through amendment to any regulation or order issued under this subchapter, that a license from the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce is required to export; and

(16) undertake any other action as is necessary to carry out this subchapter that is not otherwise prohibited by law.

(b) Relationship to IEEPA

The authority under this subchapter may not be used to regulate or prohibit under this subchapter the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of any item that may not be regulated or prohibited under section 203(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)), except to the extent the President has made a determination necessary to impose controls under subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (2) of such section.

(c) Countries supporting international terrorism

(1) Commerce license requirement

(A) In general

A license shall be required for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of items, the control of which is implemented pursuant to subsection (a) by the Secretary, to a country if the Secretary of State has made the following determinations:

(i) The government of such country has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.

(ii) The export, reexport, or in-country transfer of such items could make a significant contribution to the military potential of such country, including its military logistics capability, or could enhance the ability of such country to support acts of international terrorism.

(B) Determination under other provisions of law

A determination of the Secretary of State under section 2371 of title 22, section 2780 of title 22, or any other provision of law that the government of a country described in subparagraph (A) has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism shall be deemed to be a determination with respect to such government for purposes of clause (i) of subparagraph (A).

(2) Notification to Congress

(A) In general

The Secretary of State and the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate at least 30 days before any license is issued as required by paragraph (1).

(B) Contents

The Secretary of State shall include in the notification required under subparagraph (A)—

(i) a detailed description of the items to be offered, including a brief description of the capabilities of any item for which a license to export, reexport, or in-country transfer the items is sought;

(ii) the reasons why the foreign country, person, or entity to which the export, reexport, or in-country transfer is proposed to be made has requested the items under the export, reexport, or in-country transfer, and a description of the manner in which such country, person, or entity intends to use such items;

(iii) the reasons why the proposed export, reexport, or in-country transfer is in the national interest of the United States;

(iv) an analysis of the impact of the proposed export, reexport, or in-country transfer on the military capabilities of the foreign country, person, or entity to which such transfer would be made;

(v) an analysis of the manner in which the proposed export, reexport, or in-country transfer would affect the relative military strengths of countries in the region to which the items that are the subject of such export, reexport, or in-country transfer would be delivered and whether other countries in the region have comparable kinds and amounts of items; and

(vi) an analysis of the impact of the proposed export, reexport, or in-country transfer on the relations of the United States with the countries in the region to which the items that are the subject of such export, reexport, or in-country transfer would be delivered.

(3) Publication in Federal Register

Each determination of the Secretary of State under paragraph (1)(A)(i) shall be published in the Federal Register, except that the Secretary of State may exclude confidential information and trade secrets contained in such determination.

(4) Rescission of determination

A determination of the Secretary of State under paragraph (1)(A)(i) may not be rescinded unless the President submits to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the chairman of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate—

(A) before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report certifying that—

(i) there has been a fundamental change in the leadership and policies of the government of the country concerned;

(ii) that government is not supporting acts of international terrorism; and

(iii) that government has provided assurances that it will not support acts of international terrorism in the future; or

(B) at least 45 days before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report justifying the rescission and certifying that—

(i) the government concerned has not provided any support for acts international terrorism during the preceding 6-month period; and

(ii) the government concerned has provided assurances that it will not support acts of international terrorism in the future.

(d) Enhanced controls

(1) In general

In furtherance of section 4812(a) of this title, the President shall, except to the extent authorized by a statute or regulation administered by a Federal department or agency other than the Department of Commerce, require a United States person, wherever located, to apply for and receive a license from the Department of Commerce for—

(A) the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of items described in paragraph (2), including items that are not subject to control under this subchapter; and

(B) other activities that may support the design, development, production, use, operation, installation, maintenance, repair, overhaul, or refurbishing of, or for the performance of services relating to, any such items.

(2) Items described

The items described in this paragraph include—

(A) nuclear explosive devices;

(B) missiles;

(C) chemical or biological weapons;

(D) whole plants for chemical weapons precursors; and

(E) foreign maritime nuclear projects that would pose a risk to the national security or foreign policy of the United States.

(e) Additional prohibitions

The Secretary may inform United States persons, either individually by specific notice or through amendment to any regulation or order issued under this subchapter, that a license from the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce is required to engage in any activity if the activity involves the types of movement, service, or support described in subsection (d). The absence of any such notification does not excuse the United States person from compliance with the license requirements of subsection (d), or any regulation or order issued under this subchapter.

(f) License review standards

The Secretary shall deny an application to engage in any activity described in subsection (d) if the activity would make a material contribution to any of the items described in subsection (d)(2).

(Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XVII, §1754, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2212.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (b), (d)(1)(A), and (e), was in the original "this part", meaning part I (§§1751–1768) of subtitle B of title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 115–232, known as the Export Controls Act of 2018, which is classified principally to this subchapter. For complete classification of part I to the Code, see section 1751 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a Short Title note under section 4801 of this title and Tables.

The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(13), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, which was set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and was substantially repealed and restated in chapter 10 (§1001 et seq.) of Title 5 by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(a), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4197, 4361. For disposition of sections of the Act into chapter 10 of Title 5, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 5.

IEEPA, referred to in subsec. (b), is the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.
50 U.S.C. § 3977 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 50: SERVICEMEMBERS CIVIL RELIEF / Subchapter IV: LIFE INSURANCE / Section 3977: Premiums and interest guaranteed by United States
Premiums and interest guaranteed by United States
Status: in_force

(a) Guarantee of premiums and interest by the United States

(1) Guarantee

Payment of premiums, and interest on premiums at the rate specified in section 3976 of this title, which become due on a policy under the protection of this subchapter is guaranteed by the United States. If the amount guaranteed is not paid to the insurer before the period of insurance protection under this subchapter expires, the amount due shall be treated by the insurer as a policy loan on the policy.

(2) Policy termination

If, at the expiration of insurance protection under this subchapter, the cash surrender value of a policy is less than the amount due to pay premiums and interest on premiums on the policy, the policy shall terminate. Upon such termination, the United States shall pay the insurer the difference between the amount due and the cash surrender value.

(b) Recovery from insured of amounts paid by the United States

(1) Debt payable to the United States

The amount paid by the United States to an insurer under this subchapter shall be a debt payable to the United States by the insured on whose policy payment was made.

(2) Collection

Such amount may be collected by the United States, either as an offset from any amount due the insured by the United States or as otherwise authorized by law.

(3) Debt not dischargeable in bankruptcy

Such debt payable to the United States is not dischargeable in bankruptcy proceedings.

(c) Crediting of amounts recovered

Any amounts received by the United States as repayment of debts incurred by an insured under this subchapter shall be credited to the appropriation for the payment of claims under this subchapter.

(Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, title IV, §407, as added Pub. L. 108–189, §1, Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2853.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 547 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 407 of act Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, art. IV, 54 Stat. 1185; Oct. 6, 1942, ch. 581, §13, 56 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 85–857, §14(76), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1272; Pub. L. 102–12, §9(17), Mar. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 40, related to regulations and finality of determinations, prior to the general amendment of this Act by Pub. L. 108–189. See sections 3978 and 3979 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section applicable to any case not final before Dec. 19, 2003, see section 3 of Pub. L. 108–189, set out as a note under section 3901 of this title.