10 U.S.C. § 1406 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 71 / Section 1406: Retired pay base for members who first became members before September 8, 1980: final basic pay
Retired pay base for members who first became members before September 8, 1980: final basic pay
Status: in_force

(a) Use of Retired Pay Base in Computing Retired Pay.—

(1) General rule.—The retired pay or retainer pay of any person entitled to that pay who first became a member of a uniformed service before September 8, 1980, is computed using the retired pay base or retainer pay base determined under this section.

(2) Exception for recomputation.—Recomputation of retired or retainer pay to reflect later active duty is provided for under section 1402 of this title without reference to a retired pay base or retainer pay base.

(b) Retirement Under Subtitle A or E.—

(1) Disability, warrant officer, and dopma retirement.—In the case of a person whose retired pay is computed under this subtitle, the retired pay base is determined in accordance with the following table.

 

For a member entitled to
retired pay under section:
The retired pay base is:

1201

1202

1204

1205 
Monthly basic pay 1 of grade to which member is entitled under section 1372 or to which he was entitled on day before retirement or placement on temporary disability retired list, whichever is higher.

 580

1263

1293

1305 
Monthly basic pay to which member would have been entitled if he had served on active duty in his retired grade on day before retirement, or if the pay of that grade is less than the pay of any warrant grade satisfactorily held by him on active duty, the monthly basic pay of that warrant officer grade.

 633

 634

 635

 636

1251

1252

1253 
Monthly basic pay 2 of member's retired grade.3

1 Compute at rates applicable on date of retirement or date when member's name was placed on temporary disability retired list, as the case may be.

2 Compute at rates applicable on date of retirement.

3 For the purposes of this subsection, determine member's retired grade as if sections 7342 and 9342 did not apply.

(2) Non-regular service retirement.—In the case of a person who is entitled to retired pay under section 12731 of this title, the retired pay base is the monthly basic pay, determined at the rates applicable on the date when retired pay is granted (or, in the case of a person entitled to retired pay by reason of an election under section 12741(a) of this title, at rates applicable on the date the person completes the service required under such section 12741(a)), of the highest grade held satisfactorily by the person at any time in the armed forces. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the highest grade in which a person served satisfactorily as an officer shall be determined in accordance with section 1370a of this title.

(c) Voluntary Retirement for Members of the Army.—

(1) In general.—In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 7361 of this title or who is entitled to retired pay computed under section 7362 of this title, the retired pay base is determined in accordance with the following table.

 

For a member entitled to
retired pay under section:
The retired pay base is:

7311

7318

7320

7324 
Monthly basic pay of member's retired grade.1

7314

7317 
Monthly basic pay to which member was entitled on day before he retired.

7362 
Monthly basic pay of grade to which member is advanced on retired list.

1 For the purposes of this subsection, determine member's retired grade as if section 7342 did not apply.

(2) Rate of basic pay to be used.—The rate of basic pay to be used under paragraph (1) is the rate applicable on the date of the member's retirement.

(d) Retirement for Members of the Navy and Marine Corps.—In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 8333 of this title, who is advanced on the retired list under section 8262 or 8334 of this title, or who is entitled to retainer pay under section 8330 of this title, the retired pay base or retainer pay base is determined in accordance with the following table.

 

For a member entitled to
retired or retainer pay under section:
The retired pay base or
retainer pay base is:

8323  

8325(a)

8372   
Basic pay of the grade in which the member retired.1

8325(b) 
Basic pay of the grade the officer would hold if he had not received an appointment described in section 8325(b).

8326   
Basic pay of the pay grade in which the member was serving on the day before retirement.

8330   
Basic pay that the member received at the time of transfer to the Fleet Reserve or Fleet Marine Corps Reserve.

8262   
Basic pay of the grade to which the member is advanced under section 8262.

8334  
Basic pay of the grade to which the member is advanced under section 8334.

1 If the rate specified is less than the pay of any warrant officer grade satisfactorily held by the member on active duty, use the monthly basic pay of that warrant officer grade.

(e) Voluntary Retirement for Members of the Air Force and Space Force.—

(1) In general.—In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 9361 of this title or who is entitled to retired pay computed under section 9362 of this title, the retired pay base is determined in accordance with the following table.

 

For a member entitled to
retired pay under section:
The retired pay base is:

9311

9318

9320

9324 
Monthly basic pay of member's retired grade.1

9314

9317 
Monthly basic pay to which member was entitled on day before he retired.

9362 
Monthly basic pay of grade to which member is advanced on retired list.

1 For the purposes of this subsection, determine member's retired grade as if section 9342 did not apply.

(2) Rate of basic pay to be used.—The rate of basic pay to be used under paragraph (1) is the rate applicable on the date of the member's retirement.

(f) Coast Guard.—In the case of a member who is retired under any section of title 14, the member's retired pay is computed under section 423(a) 1 of title 14 in the manner provided in that section.

(g) Commissioned Corps of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.—In the case of an officer whose retired pay is computed under section 245 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps Act of 2002 (33 U.S.C. 3045), the retired pay base is the basic pay of the rank with which the officer retired.

(h) Commissioned Corps of Public Health Service.—In the case of an officer who is retired under section 210(g) or 211(a) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 211(g), 212(a)), the retired pay base is determined as follows:

(1) Mandatory retirement.—If the officer is retired under section 210(g) of such Act, the retired pay base is the basic pay of the permanent grade held by the officer at the time of retirement.

(2) Voluntary retirement.—If the officer is retired under section 211(a) of such Act, the retired pay base is the basic pay of the highest grade held by the officer and in which, in the case of a temporary promotion to such grade, the officer has performed active duty for not less than six months.

(i) Special Rule for Former Chairmen and Vice Chairmen of the JCS, Chiefs of Service, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, Commanders of Combatant Commands, and Senior Enlisted Members.—

(1) In general.—For the purposes of subsections (b) through (e), in determining the rate of basic pay to apply in the determination of the retired pay base of a member who has served as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as a Chief of Service, as Chief of the National Guard Bureau, as a commander of a unified or specified combatant command (as defined in section 161(c) of this title), or as the senior enlisted member of an armed force or the senior enlisted advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, the highest rate of basic pay applicable to the member while serving in that position shall be used, if that rate is higher than the rate otherwise authorized by this section.

(2) Exception for members reduced in grade or who do not serve satisfactorily.—Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of a member who, while or after serving in a position specified in that paragraph and by reason of conduct occurring after October 16, 1998—

(A) in the case of an enlisted member, is reduced in grade as the result of a court-martial sentence, nonjudicial punishment, or other administrative process; or

(B) in the case an officer, is not certified by the Secretary of Defense under section 1370(c) 1 of this title as having served on active duty satisfactorily in the grade of general or admiral, as the case may be, while serving in that position.

(3) Definitions.—In this subsection:

(A) The term "Chief of Service" means any of the following:

(i) Chief of Staff of the Army.

(ii) Chief of Naval Operations.

(iii) Chief of Staff of the Air Force.

(iv) Commandant of the Marine Corps.

(v) Chief of Space Operations.

(vi) Commandant of the Coast Guard.

(B) The term "senior enlisted member" means any of the following:

(i) Sergeant Major of the Army.

(ii) Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy.

(iii) Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force.

(iv) Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps.

(v) Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force.

(vi) Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard.

(Added Pub. L. 99–348, title I, §104(b), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 686; amended Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, §512(d)(2), title XIII, §1314(b)(6), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1090, 1175; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XII, §1233(c), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2057; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title XI, §1131(7), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1506; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(j)(4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3004; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(23), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1901; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §646, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2050; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(a)(11), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 771; Pub. L. 107–372, title II, §272(a), Dec. 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 3094; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VI, §643(a), (b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1517; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, §1084(d)(9), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2061; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §509(d)(1)(B), title VI, §685(d), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3231, 3325; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title V, §502(d)(2), title X, §1071(a)(7), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2178, 2398; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VI, §643(d)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2367; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VI, §603(d), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3398; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §809(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1840; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title V, §508(b)(1)(A), title IX, §924(b)(26), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3585, 3824; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §521(g)(1), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1881.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 423 of title 14, referred to in subsec. (f), was redesignated section 2504 of title 14 by Pub. L. 115–282, title I, §114(b), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4223, and references to section 423 of title 14 deemed to refer to such redesignated section, see section 123(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–282, set out as a References to Sections of Title 14 as Redesignated by Pub. L. 115–282 note preceding section 101 of Title 14, Coast Guard.

Section 1370(c) of this title, referred to in subsec. (i)(2)(B), was repealed and new sections 1370 and 1370a were enacted by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title V, §508(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3580. For provisions stating that in determining retired grade of certain commissioned officers of the Armed Forces who retire after Jan. 1, 2021, any reference to section 1370 of title 10 in such determination with respect to such officers is deemed to be a reference to section 1370a of title 10, see section 508(c) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note under section 1370 of this title.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1406 was renumbered section 12738 of this title.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (i)(3)(B)(v). Pub. L. 118–159 substituted "Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force" for "The senior enlisted advisor of the Space Force".

2021—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §508(b)(1)(A), substituted "section 1370a" for "section 1370(d)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, §924(b)(26)(A), inserted "and Space Force" after "Air Force" in heading.

Subsec. (i)(3)(A)(v), (vi). Pub. L. 116–283, §924(b)(26)(B)(i), added cl. (v) and redesignated former cl. (v) as (vi).

Subsec. (i)(3)(B)(v), (vi). Pub. L. 116–283, §924(b)(26)(B)(ii), added cl. (v) and redesignated former cl. (v) as (vi).

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "sections 7342 and 9342" for "sections 3962 and 8962" in footnote 3 in table.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 7361 of this title or who is entitled to retired pay computed under section 7362 of this title" for "In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 3991 of this title or who is entitled to retired pay computed under section 3992 of this title" in introductory provisions, "7311" for "3911", "7318" for "3918", "7320" for "3920", "7324" for "3924", "7314" for "3914", "7317" for "3917", and "7362" for "3992" in column 1 of table, and "section 7342" for "section 3962" in footnote 1 in table.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 8333 of this title, who is advanced on the retired list under section 8262 or 8334 of this title, or who is entitled to retainer pay under section 8330 of this title," for "In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 6333 of this title, who is advanced on the retired list under section 6151 or 6334 of this title, or who is entitled to retainer pay under section 6330 of this title," in introductory provisions, "8323" for "6323", "8325(a)" for "6325(a)", "8372" for "6383", "8325(b)" for "6325(b)", "8326" for "6326", "8330" for "6330", "8262" for "6151", and "8334" for "6334" in column 1 of table, and "section 8325(b)" for "section 6325(b)", "section 8262" for "section 6151", and "section 8334" for "section 6334" in column 2 of table.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 9361 of this title or who is entitled to retired pay computed under section 9362 of this title" for "In the case of a member whose retired pay is computed under section 8991 of this title or who is entitled to retired pay computed under section 8992 of this title" in introductory provisions, "9311" for "8911", "9318" for "8918", "9320" for "8920", "9324" for "8924", "9314" for "8914", "9317" for "8917", and "9362" for "8992" in column 1 of table, and "section 9342" for "section 8962" in footnote 1 in table.

2014—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 113–291, §603(d)(1), inserted "Chief of the National Guard Bureau," after "Chiefs of Service," in heading.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 113–291, §603(d)(2), inserted "as Chief of the National Guard Bureau," after "Chief of Service," and "or the senior enlisted advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or the Chief of the National Guard Bureau" after "of an armed force".

Subsec. (i)(3)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 113–291, §603(d)(3), struck out cl. (vi) which read as follows: "Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff."

2009—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–84 inserted "(or, in the case of a person entitled to retired pay by reason of an election under section 12741(a) of this title, at rates applicable on the date the person completes the service required under such section 12741(a))" after "when retired pay is granted".

2006—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–364, §502(d)(2), in table inserted "1253" at end of column under heading "For a member entitled to retired pay under section:".

Pub. L. 109–163, §509(d)(1)(B), in table inserted "1252" at end of column under heading "For a member entitled to retired pay under section:".

Subsec. (i)(3)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 109–364, §1071(a)(7), substituted "to" for "for".

Pub. L. 109–163, §685(d), added cl. (vi).

2004—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–375 substituted "section 245" for "section 305" and "Officer Corps Act of 2002 (33 U.S.C. 3045)" for "Officers Act of 2002".

2003—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–136 inserted "Commanders of Combatant Commands," after "Chiefs of Service," in heading and "as a commander of a unified or specified combatant command (as defined in section 161(c) of this title)," after "Chief of Service," in par. (1).

2002—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–372 substituted "section 305 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officers Act of 2002" for "section 16 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey Commissioned Officers' Act of 1948 (33 U.S.C. 853o)"

1999—Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "after October 16, 1998" for "on or after the date of the enactment of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999" in introductory provisions.

1998—Subsec. (i)(2), (3). Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

1997—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "3962 and 8962" for "3962(b) and 8962(b)" in footnote 3 in table.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(a)(23)(A), substituted "3962" for "3962(b)" in footnote 1 in table.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(a)(23)(B), substituted "8962" for "8962(b)" in footnote 1 in table.

1994—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Subtitle A or E" for "Subtitle A" in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, in table struck out item for section 1331 which related to monthly basic pay of highest grade held satisfactorily by person at any time in armed forces, renumbered footnotes 3 and 4 as 2 and 3, respectively, and struck out former footnote 2 which provided for computations at rates applicable on date when retired pay is granted, and added par. (2).

1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–190 substituted "580" for "564" in table.

1988—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–456 substituted "satisfactorily by person" for "satisfactory by person" in item relating to section 1331 in table.

1987—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–180, §512(d)(2), inserted "or 6334" after "6151" in text, and inserted item relating to section 6334 at end of table.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–180, §1314(b)(6), inserted "and Vice Chairmen" after "Chairmen" in heading and inserted "or Vice Chairman" after "Chairman" in par. (1).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title VI, §603(e), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3398, provided that: "This section [amending this section and sections 210 and 414 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 203 of Title 37, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 205 of Title 37] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 2014], and shall apply with respect to months of service that begin on or after that date."

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VI, §643(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1517, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003] and shall apply with respect to officers who first become entitled to retired pay under title 10, United States Code, on or after such date."

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–190 effective Feb. 1, 1992, see section 1132 of Pub. L. 102–190, set out as a note under section 521 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Grade on Transfer to Retired Reserve

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1688, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3025, provided that: "In determining the highest grade held satisfactorily by a person at any time in the Armed Forces for the purposes of paragraph (2) of section 1406(b) of title 10, United States Code, as added by this title, the requirement for satisfactory service on the reserve active-status list contained in [former] section 1370(d) of title 10, United States Code, as added by this title, shall apply only to reserve commissioned officers who are promoted to a higher grade as a result of selection for promotion under chapter 36 of that title or under chapter 1405 of that title, as added by this title, or having been found qualified for Federal recognition in a higher grade under chapter 3 of title 32, United States Code, after the effective date of this title [see Effective Date note set out under section 10001 of this title]."

[In determining retired grade of certain commissioned officers of the Armed Forces who retire after Jan. 1, 2021, any reference to section 1370 of title 10 in such determination with respect to such officers deemed to be a reference to section 1370a of title 10, see section 508(c) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note under section 1370 of this title.]

1 See References in Text note below.
10 U.S.C. § 12735 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 1223 / Section 12735: Inactive status list
Inactive status list
Status: in_force

(a) A member who would be eligible for retired pay under this chapter but for the fact that that member is under 60 years of age may be transferred, at his request and by direction of the Secretary concerned, to such inactive status list as may be established for members of his armed force, other than members of a regular component.

(b) While on an inactive status list under subsection (a), a member is not required to participate in any training or other program prescribed for his component.

(c) The Secretary may at any time recall to active status a member who is on an inactive status list under subsection (a).

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 104, §1335; renumbered §12735 and amended Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1662(j)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2998, 3003.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1335(a)

 
1335(b) 

10:1036g (1st sentence).
34:440
o (1st sentence).
10:1036g (2d sentence, less last 41 words).

34:440
o (2d sentence, less last 41 words). 
June 29, 1948, ch. 708, §308 (less last 41 words of 2d sentence), 62 Stat. 1090.

1335(c) 
10:1036g (less 1st and 2d sentences).

  
34:440o (less 1st and 2d sentences).

In subsection (a), the words "would be eligible but for the fact that he is under 60 years of age" are substituted for the words "has not attained the age of sixty years but is eligible in all other respects". The words "for members of his armed force, other than members of a regular component" are substituted for the words "for the reserve components of the Army of the United States or Air Force of the United States", since the source statute applied to all members except members of the regular components. The words "as has been, or" and "by law or regulation" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "after the effective date of such transfer" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (c), 10:1036g (last 32 words of last sentence) and 34:440o (last 32 words of last sentence) are omitted as surplusage.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–337 renumbered section 1335 of this title as this section and amended text generally, making changes in style.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 9803 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 981 / Section 9803: Admiralty claims by United States
Admiralty claims by United States
Status: in_force

(a) Under the direction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force may settle, or compromise, and receive payment of a claim by the United States for damage to property under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Air Force or property for which the Department has assumed an obligation to respond for damage, if—

(1) the claim is—

(A) of a kind that is within the admiralty jurisdiction of a district court of the United States; or

(B) for damage caused by a vessel or floating object; and

(2) the amount to be received by the United States is not more than $500,000.

(b) In exchange for payment of an amount found to be due the United States under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Air Force may execute a release of the claim on behalf of the United States. Amounts received under this section shall be covered into the Treasury.

(c) In any case where the amount to be received by the United States is not more than $100,000, the Secretary of the Air Force may delegate his authority under subsections (a) and (b) to any person in the Department of the Air Force designated by him.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 592; Pub. L. 89–67, July 7, 1965, 79 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1633, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1608.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

9803(a)

 

 

 
9803(b)

 

 
10:1862 (1st sentence; 2d sentence, less last 32 words; and provisos of last sentence).
10:1862 (3d sentence; and last sentence, less provisos). 

Oct. 20, 1951, ch. 524, §§2 (less last 32 words of 2d sentence), 6 (less applicability to §1), 65 Stat. 572, 573.

9803(c) 
10:1866 (less applicability to 10:1861).

In subsection (a), the words "consider, ascertain, adjust, determine" are omitted as covered by the word "settle", as defined in section 9801 of this title. The words "receive payment" are substituted for 10:1862 (2d sentence, less last 32 words). The words "of a kind that is within the admiralty jurisdiction" are substituted for the words "cognizable in admiralty". Clause (2) is substituted for 10:1862 (last proviso of last sentence). 10:1862 (1st proviso of last sentence) is omitted as unnecessary, since other applicable claims laws are restated in this title. The words "by contract or otherwise" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "of the United States as miscellaneous receipts" and "to deliver" are omitted as surplusage.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1989—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–189 substituted "$100,000" for "$10,000".

1965—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–67 substituted "$10,000" for "$1,000".
10 U.S.C. § 4121 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 303 / Subchapter III / Section 4121: Science and technology reinvention laboratories: authority and designation
Science and technology reinvention laboratories: authority and designation
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—(1) The Secretary of Defense may carry out personnel demonstration projects at Department of Defense laboratories designated by the Secretary as Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratories.

(2)(A) Each personnel demonstration project carried out under the authority of paragraph (1) shall be generally similar in nature to the China Lake demonstration project.

(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the China Lake demonstration project is the demonstration project that is authorized by section 6 of the Civil Service Miscellaneous Amendments Act of 1983 (Public Law 98–224) to be continued at the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, and at the Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, California.

(3) If the Secretary carries out a demonstration project at a laboratory pursuant to paragraph (1), section 4703 of title 5 shall apply to the demonstration project, except that—

(A) subsection (d) of such section 4703 shall not apply to the demonstration project;

(B) the authority of the Secretary to carry out the demonstration project is that which is provided in paragraph (1) rather than the authority which is provided in such section 4703; and

(C) the Secretary shall exercise the authorities granted to the Office of Personnel Management under such section 4703 through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (who shall place an emphasis in the exercise of such authorities on enhancing efficient operations of the laboratory and who may, in exercising such authorities, request administrative support from science and technology reinvention laboratories to review, research, and adjudicate personnel demonstration project proposals).

(4) The employees of a laboratory covered by a personnel demonstration project carried out under this section shall be exempt from, and may not be counted for the purposes of, any constraint or limitation in a statute or regulation in terms of supervisory ratios or maximum number of employees in any specific category or categories of employment that may otherwise be applicable to the employees. The employees shall be managed by the director of the laboratory subject to the supervision of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

(5) The limitations in section 5373 of title 5 do not apply to the authority of the Secretary under this subsection to prescribe salary schedules and other related benefits.

(b) Designation of Laboratories.—Each of the following is hereby designated as a Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory as described in subsection (a):

(1) The Air Force Research Laboratory.

(2) The Joint Warfare Analysis Center.

(3) The Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

(4) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Armaments Center.

(5) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory.

(6) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation and Missile Center.

(7) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center.

(8) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Center.

(9) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Ground Vehicle Systems Center.

(10) The Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center.

(11) The Engineer Research and Development Center.

(12) The Medical Research and Development Command.

(13) The Technical Center, US Army Space and Missile Defense Command.

(14) The Naval Air Systems Command Warfare Centers.

(15) The Naval Facilities Engineering Command Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center.

(16) The Naval Information Warfare Centers, Atlantic and Pacific.

(17) The Naval Medical Research Center.

(18) The Naval Research Laboratory.

(19) The Naval Sea Systems Command Warfare Centers.

(20) The Office of Naval Research.

(c) Conversion Procedures.—The Secretary of Defense shall implement procedures to convert the civilian personnel of each Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory, as so designated by subsection (b), to the personnel system under an appropriate demonstration project (as referred to in subsection (a)). Any conversion under this subsection—

(1) shall not adversely affect any employee with respect to pay or any other term or condition of employment;

(2) shall be consistent with section 4703(f) of title 5;

(3) shall be completed within 18 months after designation; and

(4) shall not apply to prevailing rate employees (as defined by section 5342(a)(2) of title 5) or senior executives (as defined by section 3132(a)(3) of such title).

(d) Limitation.—The science and technology reinvention laboratories, as so designated by subsection (a), may not implement any personnel system, other than a personnel system under an appropriate demonstration project (as referred to subsection (a)), without prior congressional authorization.

(Added Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title II, §215(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1591.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 6 of the Civil Service Miscellaneous Amendments Act of 1983, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), is section 6 of Pub. L. 98–224, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 49, which is not classified to the Code.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective immediately after the effective date of the amendments made by title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 (Jan. 1, 2022), see section 215(e) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note under section 4091 of this title.

Defense Laboratories Personnel Demonstration Projects

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1107, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 357, as amended by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1109, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4618; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1073(d), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2475; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XI, §1101(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4382; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1066(b)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1588; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title II, §215(d)(2), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1593, provided that:

"(e) [sic] Requirement.—The Secretary of Defense shall take all necessary actions to fully implement and use the authorities provided to the Secretary under subsection (a) of section 4121 of title 10, United States Code, to carry out personnel management demonstration projects at Department of Defense laboratories designated by subsection (b) of such section as Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratories.

"(b) Process for Full Implementation.—The Secretary of Defense shall also implement a process and implementation plan to fully utilize the authorities described in subsection (a) to enhance the performance of the missions of the laboratories.

"(c) Other Laboratories.—Any flexibility available to any demonstration laboratory shall be available for use at any other laboratory designated by section 4121(b) of title 10, United States Code[,] as a Department of Defense science and technology reinvention laboratory.

"(d) Submission of List and Description.—Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report containing a list and description of the demonstration project notices, amendments, and changes requested by the laboratories during the preceding calendar year. The list shall include all approved and disapproved notices, amendments, and changes, and the reasons for disapproval or delay in approval.

"(e) Status Reports.—

"(1) In general.—The Secretary shall include in each report under subsection (d) the information described in paragraph (2).

"(2) Information required.—Each report under subsection (d) shall describe the following:

"(A) The actions taken by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (a) during the year covered by the report.

"(B) The progress made by the Secretary of Defense during such year in developing and implementing the plan required by subsection (b), including the anticipated date for completion of such plan and a list and description of any issues relating to the development or implementation of such plan.

"(C) With respect to any applications by any Department of Defense laboratories seeking to be designated as a demonstration laboratory or to otherwise obtain any of the personnel flexibilities available to a demonstration laboratory—

"(i) the number of applications that were received, pending, or acted on during such year;

"(ii) the status or disposition of any applications under clause (i), including, in the case of any application on which a final decision was rendered, the laboratory involved, what the laboratory had requested, the decision reached, and the reasons for the decision; and

"(iii) in the case of any applications under clause (i) on which a final decision was not rendered, the date by which a final decision is anticipated.

"(3) Definition.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'demonstration laboratory' means a laboratory designated by the Secretary of Defense under the provisions of section 4121(a) of title 10, United States Code."

[For termination, effective Dec. 31, 2021, of annual reporting provisions in section 1107(d) of Pub. L. 110–181, set out above, see section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 111 of this title.]
10 U.S.C. § 628a (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 36 / Subchapter III / Section 628a: Special selection review boards
Special selection review boards
Status: in_force

(a) In General.—(1)(A) If the Secretary of the military department concerned determines that a person recommended by a promotion board for promotion to a grade at or below the grade of major general or rear admiral in the Navy is the subject of credible information of an adverse nature, including any substantiated adverse finding or conclusion described in section 615(a)(3)(A) of this title, that was not furnished to the promotion board during its consideration of the person for promotion as otherwise required by such section, the Secretary shall convene a special selection review board under this section to review the person and recommend whether the recommendation for promotion of the person should be sustained.

(B) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a Secretary concerned from deferring consideration of adverse information concerning an officer subject to this section until the next regularly scheduled promotion board applicable to such officer, in lieu of furnishing such adverse information to a special selection review board under this section.

(2) If a person and the recommendation for promotion of the person is subject to review under this section by a special selection review board convened under this section, the name of the person—

(A) shall not be disseminated or publicly released on the list of officers recommended for promotion by the promotion board recommending the promotion of the person; and

(B) shall not be forwarded for appointment or nomination to the Secretary of Defense, the President, or the Senate, as applicable.

(b) Convening.—(1) Any special selection review board convened under this section shall be convened in accordance with the provisions of section 628(f) of this title.

(2) Any special selection review board convened under this section may review such number of persons, and recommendations for promotion of such persons, as the Secretary of the military department concerned shall specify in convening such special selection review board.

(c) Information Considered.—(1) In reviewing a person and recommending whether the recommendation for promotion of the person should be sustained under this section, a special selection review board convened under this section shall be furnished and consider the following:

(A) The record and information concerning the person furnished in accordance with section 615(a)(2) of this title to the promotion board that recommended the person for promotion.

(B) Any credible information of an adverse nature on the person, including any substantiated adverse finding or conclusion from an officially documented investigation or inquiry described in section 615(a)(3)(A) of this title.

(2) The furnishing of information to a special selection review board under paragraph (1)(B) shall be governed by the standards and procedures referred to in paragraph (3)(C) of section 615(a) of this title applicable to the furnishing of information described in paragraph (3)(A) of such section to selection boards in accordance with that section.

(3)(A) Before information on a person described in paragraph (1)(B) is furnished to a special selection review board for purposes of this section, the Secretary of the military department concerned shall ensure that—

(i) such information is made available to the person; and

(ii) subject to subparagraphs (C) and (D), the person is afforded a reasonable opportunity to submit comments on such information to the special selection review board before its review of the person and the recommendation for promotion of the person under this section.

(B) If information on a person described in paragraph (1)(B) is not made available to the person as otherwise required by subparagraph (A)(i) due to the classification status of such information, the person shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be furnished a summary of such information appropriate to the person's authorization for access to classified information.

(C)(i) An opportunity to submit comments on information is not required for a person under subparagraph (A)(ii) if—

(I) such information was made available to the person in connection with the furnishing of such information under section 615(a) of this title to the promotion board that recommended the promotion of the person subject to review under this section; and

(II) the person submitted comments on such information to that promotion board.

(ii) The comments on information of a person described in clause (i)(II) shall be furnished to the special selection review board.

(D) A person may waive either or both of the following:

(i) The right to submit comments to a special selection review board under subparagraph (A)(ii).

(ii) The furnishing of comments to a special selection review board under subparagraph (C)(ii).

(d) Consideration.—(1) In considering the record and information on a person under this section, the special selection review board shall compare such record and information with an appropriate sampling of the records of those officers of the same competitive category who were recommended for promotion by the promotion board that recommended the person for promotion, and an appropriate sampling of the records of those officers who were considered by and not recommended for promotion by that promotion board.

(2) Records and information shall be presented to a special selection review board for purposes of paragraph (1) in a manner that does not indicate or disclose the person or persons for whom the special selection review board was convened.

(3) In considering whether the recommendation for promotion of a person should be sustained under this section, a special selection review board shall, to the greatest extent practicable, apply standards used by the promotion board that recommended the person for promotion.

(4) The recommendation for promotion of a person may be sustained under this section only if the special selection review board determines that the person—

(A) ranks in the upper half of an order of merit created by the special selection review board or ranks on an order of merit created by the special selection review board as better qualified for promotion than the sample officer highest on the order of merit list who was considered by and not recommended for promotion by the promotion board concerned; and

(B) is comparable in qualification for promotion to those sample officers who were recommended for promotion by that promotion board.

(5) A recommendation for promotion of a person may be sustained under this section only by a vote of a majority of the members of the special selection review board.

(6) If a special selection review board does not sustain a recommendation for promotion of a person under this section, the person shall be considered to have failed of selection for promotion.

(e) Reports.—(1) Each special selection review board convened under this section shall submit to the Secretary of the military department concerned a written report, signed by each member of the board, containing the name of each person whose recommendation for promotion it recommends for sustainment and certifying that the board has carefully considered the record and information of each person whose name was referred to it.

(2) The provisions of sections 617(b) and 618 of this title apply to the report and proceedings of a special selection review board convened under this section in the same manner as they apply to the report and proceedings of a promotion board convened under section 611(a) of this title. However, in the case of an officer on the Space Force officer list, the provisions of sections 618, 20215, and 20216 of this title apply to the report and proceedings of a special selection review board convened under this section in the same manner as they apply to the report and proceedings of a promotion board convened under section 20211 of this title.

(f) Appointment of Persons.—(1) If the report of a special selection review board convened under this section recommends the sustainment of the recommendation for promotion to the next higher grade of a person whose name was referred to it for review under this section, and the President approves the report, the person shall, as soon as practicable, be appointed to that grade in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) of section 624 of this title. However, if the report of a special selection review board convened under this section recommends the sustainment of the recommendation for promotion to the next higher grade of an officer on the Space Force officer list who was referred to it for review under this section, and the President approves the report, the officer shall, as soon as practicable, be appointed to the grade in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) of section 20252 of this title.

(2) A person who is appointed to the next higher grade as described in paragraph (1) shall, upon that appointment, have the same date of rank, the same effective date for the pay and allowances of that grade, and the same position on the active-duty list as the person would have had pursuant to the original recommendation for promotion of the promotion board concerned.

(g) Regulations.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. Such regulations shall apply uniformly across the military departments.

(2) Any regulation prescribed by the Secretary of a military department to supplement the regulations prescribed pursuant to paragraph (1) may not take effect without the approval of the Secretary of Defense, in writing.

(h) Promotion Board Defined.—In this section, the term "promotion board" means a selection board convened by the Secretary of a military department under section 611(a) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title V, §505(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3565; amended Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title V, §521, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2570; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title V, §507(a), title XVII, §1722(b)(5), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 242, 668; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §506(a), title XVII, §1701(a)(15), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1870, 2203.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 118–159, §506(a), inserted "ranks in the upper half of an order of merit created by the special selection review board or" before "ranks on an order of merit created by the special selection review board as better qualified".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 118–159, §1701(a)(15)(A), substituted "apply to the report and proceedings of a promotion board convened under section 20211" for "apply to report and proceedings of a promotion board convened under section 20211".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 118–159, §1701(a)(15)(B), substituted "section 20252" for "section 20251".

2023—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 118–31, §1722(b)(5)(A), substituted "major general or" for "major general," and struck out ", or an equivalent grade in the Space Force" after "in the Navy".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, §507(a), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "shall not be forwarded to the Secretary of Defense, the President, or the Senate, as applicable, or included on a promotion list under section 624(a) of this title."

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 118–31, §1722(b)(5)(B), inserted at end: "However, in the case of an officer on the Space Force officer list, the provisions of sections 618, 20215, and 20216 of this title apply to the report and proceedings of a special selection review board convened under this section in the same manner as they apply to report and proceedings of a promotion board convened under section 20211 of this title."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, §1722(b)(5)(C), inserted at end: "However, if the report of a special selection review board convened under this section recommends the sustainment of the recommendation for promotion to the next higher grade of an officer on the Space Force officer list who was referred to it for review under this section, and the President approves the report, the officer shall, as soon as practicable, be appointed to the grade in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) of section 20251 of this title."

2022—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–263, §521(1), which directed amendment of par. (1) by inserting subpar. (A) designation before "If the Secretary concerned", was executed by inserting the designation before "If the Secretary of the military department concerned", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–263, §521(2), added subpar. (B).
10 U.S.C. § 3863 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 281 / Section 3863: Retention of amounts collected from contractor during the pendency of contract dispute
Retention of amounts collected from contractor during the pendency of contract dispute
Status: in_force

(a) Retention of Funds.—Notwithstanding sections 1552(a) and 3302(b) of title 31, any amount, including interest, collected from a contractor as a result of a claim made by a military department or Defense Agency under chapter 71 of title 41, shall remain available in accordance with this section to pay—

(1) any settlement of the claim by the parties;

(2) any judgment rendered in the contractor's favor on an appeal of the decision on that claim to the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals under section 7104(a) of title 41; or

(3) any judgment rendered in the contractor's favor in an action on that claim in a court of the United States.

(b) Period of Availability.—(1) The period of availability of an amount under subsection (a), in connection with a claim—

(A) expires 180 days after the expiration of the period for bringing an action on that claim in the United States Court of Federal Claims under section 7104(b) of title 41 if, within that 180-day period—

(i) no appeal on the claim is commenced at the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals under section 7104(a) of such title; and

(ii) no action on the claim is commenced in a court of the United States; or

(B) if not expiring under subparagraph (A), expires—

(i) in the case of a settlement of the claim, 180 days after the date of the settlement; or

(ii) in the case of a judgment rendered on the claim in an appeal to the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals under section 7104(a) of title 41 or an action in a court of the United States, 180 days after the date on which the judgment becomes final and not appealable.

(2) While available under this section, an amount may be obligated or expended only for a purpose described in subsection (a).

(3) Upon the expiration of the period of availability of an amount under paragraph (1), the amount shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

(Added Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, §831(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1841, §2410m; amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title X, §1031(a)(21), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1598; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(32), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3845; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, §1061(15), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1583; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(8), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504; renumbered §3863, Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1836(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4241.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 3881 and 3882 were repealed by Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, §401(1), Aug. 21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390.

Section 3881, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 222, authorized Secretary of the Army to retire regular commissioned officers of Army Nurse Corps or Women's Medical Specialist Corps whose regular grade is below major.

Section 3882, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 222, authorized Secretary of the Army to retire regular commissioned officers of Army Nurse Corps or Women's Medical Specialist Corps whose regular grade is above captain.

Prior sections 3883 to 3886 were repealed by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §216, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Section 3883, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 222; Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–600, §1(6), 72 Stat. 522; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, §3, 80 Stat. 1115; Oct. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–551, §2, 92 Stat. 2069, provided that, unless retired or separated at an earlier date, each commissioned officer whose regular grade is below major general, other than a professor or the director of admissions of the United States Military Academy, be retired when he becomes 60 years of age, except as provided by section 8301 of title 5. See section 1251 of this title.

Section 3884, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 222; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, §3, 80 Stat. 1115, provided that, unless retired or separated at an earlier date, each commissioned officer whose regular grade is major general, and whose retirement under section 3923 of this title has been deferred under cl. (1) of that section, be retired when he becomes 60 years of age, except as provided by section 8301 of title 5. See section 1251 of this title.

Section 3885, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 222; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, §3, 80 Stat. 1115, provided that, unless retired or separated at an earlier date or unless retained under section 3923(2) of this title, each commissioned officer whose regular grade is major general be retired when he becomes 62 years of age, except as provided by section 8301 of title 5. See section 1251 of this title.

Section 3886, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 222; Aug. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–600, §1(7), 72 Stat. 522; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–718, §3, 80 Stat. 1115; Oct. 30, 1978, Pub. L. 95–551, §2, 92 Stat. 2069, provided that, unless retired or separated at an earlier date, each commissioned officer whose regular grade is major general, and whose retirement under section 3923 of this title has been deferred under cl. (2) of that section, and each permanent professor and the director of admissions of the United States Military Academy, be retired when he becomes 64 years of age, except as provided by section 8301 of title 5. See section 1251 of this title.

A prior section 3887, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 223, related to computation of years of service of commissioned officers of Army Nurse Corps or Women's Medical Specialist Corps for purposes of retirement under former sections 3881 or 3882 of this title, or retirement pay under section 3991 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 85–155, title IV, §401(1), Aug. 21, 1957, 71 Stat. 390.

Prior sections 3888 and 3889 were repealed by Pub. L. 96–513, title II, §216, title VII, §701, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2886, 2955, effective Sept. 15, 1981.

Section 3888, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 223; Aug. 21, 1957, Pub. L. 85–155, title I, §101(18), 71 Stat. 379; May 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–422, §11(a)(3), 72 Stat. 131; Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §1(96), 72 Stat. 1487, related to computation of service for determining retired pay of a commissioned officer of Regular Army retired under former section 3883, 3884, 3885, or 3886 of this title.

Section 3889, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 224, provided that a member of Army retired under this chapter be entitled to retired pay computed under chapter 745 of this title.

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 116–283 renumbered section 2410m of this title as this section.

2014—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 113–291, §1071(a)(8)(A), substituted "section 7104(a) of such title" for "section 7 of such Act".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 113–291, §1071(a)(8)(B), substituted "section 7104(a) of title 41" for "section 7 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978".

2011—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(32)(A), substituted "chapter 71 of title 41" for "the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(32)(B), substituted "section 7104(a) of title 41" for "section 7 of such Act (41 U.S.C. 606)".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(32)(C), substituted "section 7104(b) of title 41" for "section 10(a) of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 609(a))" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–81 struck out subsec. (c), which required submission of annual report on amounts available for obligation.

2003—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–136, §1031(a)(21)(A), substituted "Annual Report" for "Reporting Requirement" in heading and "Not later than 60 days after the end of each fiscal year" for "Each year" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–136, §1031(a)(21)(B), inserted "at the end of such fiscal year" before period at end.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–136, §1031(a)(21)(C), substituted "under this section during that fiscal year" for "during the year preceding the year in which the report is submitted".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 108–136, §1031(a)(21)(D), substituted "under this section during that fiscal year" for "in such preceding year".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 108–136, §1031(a)(21)(E), substituted "under this section during that fiscal year" for "in such preceding year".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 7431 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 753 / Section 7431: Establishment; Superintendent; faculty
Establishment; Superintendent; faculty
Status: in_force

(a) There is in the Department of the Army a United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Academy"), for the instruction and preparation for military service of selected persons called "cadets". The organization of the Academy shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.

(b) There shall be at the Academy the following:

(1) A Superintendent.

(2) A Dean of the Academic Board, who is a permanent professor.

(3) A Commandant of Cadets.

(4) Twenty-eight permanent professors.

(5) A chaplain.

(6) A director of admissions.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 238, §4331; Pub. L. 85–600, §1(8), Aug. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 85–723, Aug. 21, 1958, 72 Stat. 711; Pub. L. 95–551, §1, Oct. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 2069; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §512(12), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2929; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, §523(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §533(a)(3), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1658; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §507, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 96; renumbered §7431, Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §808(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1839.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

4331(a)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
4331(b) 

10:1061.
10:1071.

10:1077.

10:1077a.

10:1078a.

10:1087 (less proviso).

10:1088.

10:1089 (1st 20 words).

10:1073. 

R.S. 1309; Feb. 18, 1896, ch. 22 (less proviso), 29 Stat. 8.
June 23, 1879, ch. 35, §4 (less last 30 words), 21 Stat. 34.

June 8, 1926, ch. 492 (1st par., less 1st proviso), 44 Stat. 703.

  
 
Apr. 19, 1910, ch. 174 (1st and 2d provisos under "Permanent Establishment"), 36 Stat. 312; June 8, 1926, ch. 492 (1st proviso of 1st par.), 44 Stat. 703.

  
 
Apr. 19, 1910, ch. 174 (8th par. under "Permanent Establishment"), 36 Stat. 312.

  
 
May 26, 1934, ch. 353, 48 Stat. 806.

  
 
June 26, 1946, ch. 495, §§1 (less proviso), 2, 3 (1st 20 words), 60 Stat. 312.

In subsection (a), reference to the senior instructors of artillery, cavalry, and infantry, and the master of the sword, in 10:1061, are omitted as obsolete. The duties of the former master of the sword are presently performed by the director of physical education, detailed to that duty by the superintendent of the Academy from officers assigned to duty at that installation by the Secretary under section 3012(e) of this title. The words "and one assistant professor", in 10:1061, are omitted as superseded by section 4333 of this title. The words "shall be constituted" are omitted as surplusage. The Act of June 8, 1926, ch. 492 (last proviso of 1st par.), 44 Stat. 703, is not contained in 10:1077a. It is also omitted from the revised section as executed.

The word "permanent" is inserted in subsection (a)(4), pursuant to 10:1087, which, by adding one permanent professor for each of the subjects of instruction named in clauses (A)–(I), inclusive, implies that there already was a permanent professor for each of those subjects. The subjects of instruction set forth in clauses (A)–(I), inclusive, are those for which a professor was authorized before the enactment of the source statute for 10:1087. The names of the subjects to be taught at the Academy are changed, where necessary, to conform to the names of those presently taught, pursuant to regulations and orders issued under the general authority for the change of titles of departments of instruction, contained in section 4332 of this title. These changes, published in general orders by authority of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Army, are as follows:

In clause (4)(A), the word "Electricity" is substituted for the words "chemistry, mineralogy, and geology", in 10:1061, pursuant to General Orders 38, Hq USMA, 29 June 1946.

In clause (4)(C), the word "Foreign" is substituted for the word "modern", in 10:1071, pursuant to General Orders No. 6, Hq USMA, 14 February 1949. The Act of June 23, 1879, ch. 35, §4 (1st 47 words) is not contained in 10:1071. It is also omitted from the revised section as executed.

In clause (4)(E), the word "Mechanics" is substituted for the words "natural and experimental philosophy", in 10:1061, pursuant to General Orders No. 3, Hq USMA, 11 February 1943.

In clause (4)(F), the words "Military Art and Engineering" are substituted for the words "civil and military engineering", in 10:1061, pursuant to General Orders No. 3, Hq USMA, 11 February 1943.

In clause (4)(G), the words "Military Topography and Graphics" are substituted for the word "drawing", in 10:1061, pursuant to General Orders No. 3, Hq USMA, 11 February 1943.

In clause (4)(H), the words "Physics and Chemistry" are substituted for the word "physics", in 10:1078a, pursuant to General Orders No. 38, Hq USMA, 29 June 1946.

In clause (4)(I), the words "Social Sciences" are substituted for the words "economics, government, and history", in 10:1077a, pursuant to General Orders No. 13, Hq USMA, 22 April 1947.

In clause (4)(B) and (I), the provisions of 10:1077 and 1077a relating to the appointment of a civilian in the department of English, and a professor of economics, government, and history, by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, are omitted as executed. The provisions of 10:1077a relating to the establishment of a Department of Economics, Government, and History are omitted as executed.

Subsection (a)(8) is inserted to complete the listing of the appointed officials of the Academy.

In subsection (a)(9), the word "director" is substituted for the word "teacher" to conform to section 4338 of this title.

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7431 was renumbered section 8731 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–232 renumbered section 4331 of this title as this section.

2008—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 110–181 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "Twenty-two permanent professors."

1993—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–160 struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows:

"(1) The Secretary of the Army may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the Academy as the Secretary considers necessary.

"(2) The compensation of persons employed under this subsection shall be as prescribed by the Secretary.

"(3) The Secretary may delegate the authority conferred by this subsection to any person in the Department of the Army to the extent the Secretary considers proper. Such delegation may be made with or without the authority to make successive redelegations."

1992—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–484 added subsec. (c).

1980—Pub. L. 96–513 substituted "New York (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the 'Academy')" for "New York, in this chapter called the 'Academy' ".

1978—Pub. L. 95–551 substituted "Establishment; Superintendent; faculty" for "Superintendent; faculty; adjutant; chaplain" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–551 substituted provision establishing in the Department of the Army a Military Academy located at West Point, New York, for instruction and preparation of cadets for military service and providing that the organization of the Academy be prescribed by the Secretary of the Army for provision describing the faculty of the Academy as consisting of a Superintendent, a Dean of the Academic Board, a Commandant of Cadets, two permanent professors in each of nine enumerated academic fields, one permanent professor in each of the fields of Law, Ordnance, and Physical education, a professor of Military Hygiene, an adjutant, a registrar, a chaplain, and a director of music.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–551 substituted provision describing the faculty of the Academy as consisting of a Superintendent, a Dean of the Academic Board, a Commandant of Cadets, twenty-two permanent professors, a chaplain, and a director of admissions for provision making an officer, upon becoming the senior commissioned officer of the Medical Corps on active duty at the Academy, the professor of Military Hygiene.

1958—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 85–723 authorized a permanent professor of physical education.

Subsec. (a)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 85–600 added par. (8) and redesignated existing pars. (8) and (9) as (9) and (10), respectively.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Regulations on Certain Parental Guardianship Rights of Cadets and Midshipmen

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title V, §559A, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1742, provided that:

"(a) Regulations Required.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretaries of the military departments and the Superintendent of each military service academy, shall prescribe regulations that include the option to preserve parental guardianship rights of a cadet or midshipman who becomes pregnant or fathers a child while attending a military service academy, consistent with the individual and academic responsibilities of such cadet or midshipman.

"(b) Briefings; Report.—

"(1) Interim briefing.—Not later than May 1, 2022, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives an interim briefing on the development of the regulations prescribed under subsection (a).

"(2) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report on any legislation the Secretary determines necessary to implement the regulations prescribed under subsection (a).

"(3) Final briefing.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a final briefing on the regulations prescribed under subsection (a).

"(c) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to change, or require a change to, any admission requirement at a military service academy.

"(d) Military Service Academy Defined.—In this section, the term 'military service academy' means the following:

"(1) The United States Military Academy.

"(2) The United States Naval Academy.

"(3) The United States Air Force Academy."

Service Academies: Referral of Applicants to the Senior Military Colleges and Units of the Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps

Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, §559C, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1900, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2024], the Secretary of Defense shall establish a system whereby a covered individual may elect to have the Secretary share information regarding such covered individual with a senior military college or a unit of the Senior Reserve Officer Training Corps.

"(b) Definitions.—In this section:

"(1) The term 'covered individual' means an individual who applied for an appointment as a cadet or midshipman at a Service Academy.

"(2) The term 'senior military college' means a school specified in section 2111a of title 10, United States Code.

"(3) The term 'Service Academy' has the meaning given such term in section 347 of title 10, United States Code."

Pilot Program on Cardiac Screening at Certain Military Service Academies

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title VII, §733, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1798, provided that:

"(a) Pilot Program.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a pilot program to furnish mandatory electrocardiograms to individuals who have been admitted to a covered military service academy in connection with the military accession screening process, at no cost to such candidates.

"(b) Scope.—The scope of the pilot program under subsection (a) shall include at least 25 percent of the incoming class of individuals who have been admitted to a covered military service academy during the first fall semester that follows the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], and the pilot program shall terminate on the date on which the Secretary determines the military accession screening process for such class has concluded.

"(c) Furnishing of Electrocardiograms.—In carrying out the pilot program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall furnish each mandatory electrocardiogram under the pilot program in a facility of the Department of Defense or by medical personnel within the military health system.

"(d) Briefing.—Not later than 180 days after the date on which the pilot program under subsection (a) terminates, the Secretary shall provide to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a briefing on the pilot program. Such briefing shall include the following:

"(1) The results of all electrocardiograms furnished to individuals under the pilot program, disaggregated by military service academy, race, and gender.

"(2) The rate of significant cardiac issues detected pursuant to electrocardiograms furnished under the pilot program, disaggregated by military service academy, race, and gender.

"(3) The cost of carrying out the pilot program.

"(4) The number of individuals, if any, who were disqualified from admission based solely on the result of an electrocardiogram furnished under the pilot program.

"(e) Covered Military Service Academy Defined.—In this section, the term 'covered military service academy' does not include the United States Coast Guard Academy or the United States Merchant Marine Academy."

Speech Disorders of Cadets and Midshipmen

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §558, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1392, provided that:

"(a) Testing.—The Superintendent of a military service academy shall provide testing for speech disorders to incoming cadets or midshipmen under the jurisdiction of that Superintendent.

"(b) No Effect on Admission.—The testing under subsection (a) may not have any effect on admission to a military service academy.

"(c) Results.—The Superintendent shall provide each cadet or midshipman under the jurisdiction of that Superintendent the result of the testing under subsection (a) and a list of warfare unrestricted line officer positions and occupation specialities that require successful performance on the speech test.

"(d) Therapy.—The Superintendent shall furnish speech therapy to a cadet or midshipman under the jurisdiction of that Superintendent at the election of the cadet or midshipman.

"(e) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019], the Secretaries of the military departments shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a joint report that includes the following:

"(1) The number of cadets or midshipmen with an identified speech disorder in each military service academy.

"(2) A list of the health care and administrative resources related to speech disorders available to cadets and midshipmen described in paragraph (1).

"(3) A list of positions and specialties described in subsection (c) pursued by the cadets and midshipmen described in paragraph (1) at the time of graduation."

Prayer at Military Service Academy Activities

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §598, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3283, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The superintendent of a service academy may have in effect such policy as the superintendent considers appropriate with respect to the offering of a voluntary, nondenominational prayer at an otherwise authorized activity of the academy, subject to the United States Constitution and such limitations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe.

"(b) Service Academies.—For purposes of this section, the term 'service academy' means any of the following:

"(1) The United States Military Academy.

"(2) The United States Naval Academy.

"(3) The United States Air Force Academy."

Sexual Harassment and Violence at the Military Service Academies

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §576, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1924, as amended by Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §566, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2313, provided that:

"(a) Extension of Task Force.—(1) The task force in the Department of Defense established by the Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 526 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108–136; 117 Stat. 1466) [set out below] to examine matters relating to sexual harassment and violence at the United States Military Academy and United States Naval Academy shall continue in existence for a period of at least 18 months after the date as of which the task force would otherwise be terminated pursuant to subsection (i) of that section.

"(2) Upon the completion of the functions of the task force referred to in paragraph (1) pursuant to section 526 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, the name of the task force shall be changed to the Defense Task Force on Sexual Assault in the Military Services, and the task force shall then carry out the functions specified in this section. The task force shall not begin to carry out the functions specified in this section until it has completed its functions under such section 526.

"(3) Before the task force extended under this subsection begins to carry out the functions specified in this section, the Secretary of Defense may, consistent with the qualifications required by section 526(f) of Public Law 108–136, change the composition of the task force as the Secretary considers appropriate for the effective performance of such functions, except that—

"(A) any change initiated by the Secretary in the membership of the task force under this paragraph may not take effect before the task force has completed its functions under section 526 of Public Law 108–136; and

"(B) the total number of members of the task force may not exceed 14.

"(b) Examination of Matters Relating to Sexual Assault in the Armed Forces.—The task force shall conduct an examination of matters relating to sexual assault in cases in which members of the Armed Forces are either victims or commit acts of sexual assault.

"(c) Recommendations.—The Task Force shall include in its report under subsection (e) recommendations of ways by which civilian officials within the Department of Defense and leadership within the Armed Forces may more effectively address matters relating to sexual assault. That report shall include an assessment of, and recommendations (including any recommendations for changes in law) for measures to improve, with respect to sexual assault, the following:

"(1) Victim care and advocacy programs.

"(2) Effective prevention.

"(3) Collaboration among military investigative organizations with responsibility or jurisdiction.

"(4) Coordination and resource sharing between military and civilian communities, including local support organizations.

"(5) Reporting procedures, data collection, tracking of cases, and use of data on sexual assault by senior military and civilian leaders.

"(6) Oversight of sexual assault programs, including development of measures of the effectiveness of those programs in responding to victim needs.

"(7) Military justice issues.

"(8) Progress in developing means to investigate and prosecute assailants who are foreign nationals.

"(9) Adequacy of resources supporting sexual assault prevention and victim advocacy programs, particularly for deployed units and personnel.

"(10) Training of military and civilian personnel responsible for implementation of sexual assault policies.

"(11) Programs and policies, including those related to confidentiality, designed to encourage victims to seek services and report offenses.

"(12) Other issues identified by the task force relating to sexual assault.

"(d) Methodology.—In carrying out its examination under subsection (b) and in formulating its recommendations under subsection (c), the task force shall consider the findings and recommendations of previous reviews and investigations of sexual assault conducted by the Department of Defense and the Armed Forces.

"(e) Report.—(1) Not later than December 1, 2009, the task force shall submit to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force a report on the activities of the task force and on the activities of the Department of Defense and the Armed Forces to respond to sexual assault.

"(2) The report shall include the following:

"(A) A description of any barrier to implementation of improvements as a result of previous efforts to address sexual assault.

"(B) Other areas of concern not previously addressed in prior reports.

"(C) The findings and conclusions of the task force.

"(D) Any recommendations for changes to policy and law that the task force considers appropriate.

"(3) Within 90 days after receipt of the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall submit the report, together with the Secretary's evaluation of the report, to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives.

"(f) Termination.—The task force shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the report of the task force is submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives pursuant to subsection (e)(3)."

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §526, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1466, provided that:

"(a) Establishment.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a Department of Defense task force to examine matters relating to sexual harassment and violence at the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy.

"(b) Recommendations.—Not later than 12 months after the date on which all members of the task force have been appointed, the task force shall submit to the Secretary of Defense a report recommending ways by which the Department of Defense and the Department of the Army and the Department of the Navy may more effectively address matters relating to sexual harassment and violence at the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy, respectively. The report shall include an assessment of, and recommendations (including any recommended changes in law) for measures to improve, with respect to sexual harassment and violence at those academies, the following:

"(1) Victims' safety programs.

"(2) Offender accountability.

"(3) Effective prevention of sexual harassment and violence.

"(4) Collaboration among military organizations with responsibility or jurisdiction with respect to sexual harassment and violence.

"(5) Coordination between military and civilian communities, including local support organizations, with respect to sexual harassment and violence.

"(6) Coordination between military and civilian communities, including civilian law enforcement relating to acts of sexual harassment and violence.

"(7) Data collection and case management and tracking.

"(8) Curricula and training, including standard training programs for cadets at the United States Military Academy and midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy and for permanent personnel assigned to those academies.

"(9) Responses to sexual harassment and violence at those academies, including standard guidelines.

"(10) Other issues identified by the task force relating to sexual harassment and violence at those academies.

"(c) Methodology.—The task force shall consider the findings and recommendations of previous reviews and investigations of sexual harassment and violence conducted for those academies as one of the bases for its assessment.

"(d) Report.—(1) The task force shall submit to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the Army and the Navy a report on the activities of the task force and on the activities of the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy to respond to sexual harassment and violence at those academies.

"(2) The report shall include the following:

"(A) Any barriers to implementation of improvements as a result of those efforts.

"(B) Other areas of concern not previously addressed in prior reports.

"(C) The findings and conclusions of the task force.

"(D) Any recommendations for changes to policy and law as the task force considers appropriate, including whether cases of sexual assault at those academies should be included in the Department of Defense database known as the Defense Incident-Based Reporting System.

"(3) Within 90 days after receipt of the report under paragraph (1) the Secretary of Defense shall submit the report, together with the Secretary's evaluation of the report, to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives.

"(e) Report on Air Force Academy.—Simultaneously with the submission of the report under subsection (d)(3), the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of the Air Force, shall submit to the committees specified in that subsection the Secretary's assessment of the effectiveness of corrective actions being taken at the United States Air Force Academy as a result of various investigations conducted at that Academy into matters involving sexual assault and harassment.

"(f) Composition.—(1) The task force shall consist of not more than 14 members, to be appointed by the Secretary of Defense. Members shall be appointed from each of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and shall include an equal number of personnel of the Department of Defense (military and civilian) and persons from outside the Department of Defense. Members appointed from outside the Department of Defense may be appointed from other Federal departments and agencies, from State and local agencies, or from the private sector.

"(2) The Secretary shall ensure that the membership of the task force appointed from the Department of Defense includes at least one judge advocate.

"(3) In appointing members to the task force, the Secretary may—

"(A) consult with the Attorney General regarding a representative from the Office of Violence Against Women of the Department of Justice; and

"(B) consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services regarding a representative from the Women's Health office of the Department of Health and Human Services.

"(4) Each member of the task force appointed from outside the Department of Defense shall be an individual who has demonstrated expertise in the area of sexual harassment and violence or shall be appointed from one of the following:

"(A) A representative from the Office of Civil Rights of the Department of Education.

"(B) A representative from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the Department of Health and Human Services.

"(C) A sexual assault policy and advocacy organization.

"(D) A civilian law enforcement agency.

"(E) A judicial policy organization.

"(F) A national crime victim policy organization.

"(5) The members of the task force shall be appointed not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003].

"(g) Co-Chairs of the Task Force.—There shall be two co-chairs of the task force. One of the co-chairs shall be designated by the Secretary of the Defense at the time of appointment from among the Department of Defense personnel on the task force. The other co-chair shall be selected from among the members appointed from outside the Department of Defense by those members.

"(h) Administrative Support.—(1) Each member of the task force who is a member of the Armed Forces or a civilian officer or employee of the United States shall serve without compensation (other than compensation to which entitled as a member of the Armed Forces or an officer or employee of the United States, as the case may be). Other members of the task force shall be appointed in accordance with, and subject to, section 3161 of title 5, United States Code.

"(2) The Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, under the direction of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, shall provide oversight of the task force. The Washington Headquarters Services of the Department of Defense shall provide the task force with personnel, facilities, and other administrative support as necessary for the performance of the task force's duties.

"(3) The Deputy Under Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of the Army to provide visits of the task force to the United States Military Academy and with the Secretary of the Navy to provide visits of the task force to the United States Naval Academy.

"(i) Termination.—The task force shall terminate 90 days after the date on which the report of the task force is submitted to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives pursuant to subsection (d)(3)."

Colonel Thomas Hawkins Johnson Visiting Scholar Program and Lecture Series

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1466, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1700, provided that:

"(a) Visiting Scholar Program.—(1) The Secretary of the Army shall establish a visiting scholar program at the United States Military Academy to be known as the 'Thomas Hawkins Johnson Visiting Scholar Program'. The Secretary shall select not more than two scholars to participate in the program for an academic year. A person selected to participate in the program shall serve as an instructor at the Academy for two weeks during the academic year and perform such duties as the Secretary may assign.

"(2) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Army $25,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this subsection.

"(b) Lecture Series.—(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish a lecture series at the National Defense University to be known as the 'Thomas Hawkins Johnson Lecture Series'. The Secretary shall use the lecture series to bring prominent persons to the National Defense University to deliver lectures on topics relating to public policy, national security, and science.

"(2) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Defense $25,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this subsection."
10 U.S.C. § 1048 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 53 / Section 1048: Gratuity payment to persons discharged for fraudulent enlistment
Gratuity payment to persons discharged for fraudulent enlistment
Status: in_force

The Secretary concerned may pay a gratuity of not to exceed $25 to a person discharged for fraudulent enlistment.

(Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §1401(d)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2616.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Oct. 12, 1984, Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8006], 98 Stat. 1904, 1923.

Dec. 8, 1983, Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §709, 97 Stat. 1439.

Dec. 21, 1982, Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(c) [title VII, §709], 96 Stat. 1833, 1851.

Dec. 29, 1981, Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, §709, 95 Stat. 1579.

Dec. 15, 1980, Pub. L. 96–527, title VII, §709, 94 Stat. 3081.

Dec. 21, 1979, Pub. L. 96–154, title VII, §709, 93 Stat. 1153.

Oct. 13, 1978, Pub. L. 95–457, title VIII, §809, 92 Stat. 1244.

Sept. 21, 1977, Pub. L. 95–111, title VIII, §808, 91 Stat. 900.

Sept. 22, 1976, Pub. L. 94–419, title VII, §708, 90 Stat. 1292.

Feb. 9, 1976, Pub. L. 94–212, title VII, §708, 90 Stat. 169.

Oct. 8, 1974, Pub. L. 93–437, title VIII, §808, 88 Stat. 1225.

Jan. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 93–238, title VII, §708, 87 Stat. 1039.

Oct. 26, 1972, Pub. L. 92–570, title VII, §708, 86 Stat. 1197.

Dec. 18, 1971, Pub. L. 92–204, title VII, §708, 85 Stat. 728.

Jan. 11, 1971, Pub. L. 91–668, title VIII, §808, 84 Stat. 2031.

Dec. 29, 1969, Pub. L. 91–171, title VI, §608, 83 Stat. 480.

Oct. 17, 1968, Pub. L. 90–580, title V, §507, 82 Stat. 1130.

Sept. 29, 1967, Pub. L. 90–96, title VI, §607, 81 Stat. 242.

Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–687, title VI, §607, 80 Stat. 991.

Sept. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–213, title VI, §607, 79 Stat. 874.

Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–446, title V, §507, 78 Stat. 475.

Oct. 17, 1963, Pub. L. 88–149, title V, §507, 77 Stat. 264.

Aug. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–577, title V, §507, 76 Stat. 328.

Aug. 17, 1961, Pub. L. 87–144, title VI, §607, 75 Stat. 376.

July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–601, title V, §507, 74 Stat. 350.

Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–166, title V, §607, 73 Stat. 379.

Aug. 22, 1958, Pub. L. 85–724, title III, §301, title V, §501, 72 Stat. 713, 722.

Aug. 2, 1957, Pub. L. 85–117, title III, §301, title V, §501, 71 Stat. 313, 321.

July 2, 1956, ch. 488, title III, §301, title V, §501, 70 Stat. 456, 465.

July 13, 1955, ch. 358, title III, §301, title V, §501, 69 Stat. 303, 313.

June 30, 1954, ch. 432, title IV, §401, title VI, §601, 68 Stat. 339, 348.

Aug. 1, 1953, ch. 305, title III, §301, title V, §501, 67 Stat. 338, 348.

July 10, 1952, ch. 630, title III, §301, title V, §501, 66 Stat. 519, 530.

Oct. 18, 1951, ch. 512, title III, §301, title V, §501, 65 Stat. 426, 443.

Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. X, title III, §301, title V, §501, 64 Stat. 732, 750.

Oct. 29, 1949, ch. 787, title III, §301, title V, §501, 63 Stat. 991, 1015.

June 24, 1948, ch. 632, 62 Stat. 653.

July 30, 1947, ch. 357, title I, §1, 61 Stat. 555.

July 16, 1946, ch. 583, §1, 60 Stat. 546.

July 3, 1945, ch. 265, §1, 59 Stat. 389.

June 28, 1944, ch. 303, §1, 58 Stat. 578.

July 1, 1943, ch. 185, §1, 57 Stat. 352.

July 2, 1942, ch. 477, §1, 56 Stat. 615.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 520b of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 139 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 4 / Section 139: Director of Operational Test and Evaluation
Director of Operational Test and Evaluation
Status: in_force

(a)(1) There is a Director of Operational Test and Evaluation in the Department of Defense, appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director shall be appointed without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the office of Director. The Director may be removed from office by the President. The President shall communicate the reasons for any such removal to both Houses of Congress.

(2) In this section:

(A) The term "operational test and evaluation" means—

(i) the field test, under realistic combat conditions, of any item of (or key component of) weapons, equipment, or munitions for the purpose of determining the effectiveness and suitability of the weapons, equipment, or munitions for use in combat by typical military users; and

(ii) the evaluation of the results of such test.

(B) The term "major defense acquisition program" means a Department of Defense acquisition program that is a major defense acquisition program for purposes of section 4201 of this title or that is designated as such a program by the Director for purposes of this section.

(b) The Director is the principal adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, and the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering on operational test and evaluation in the Department of Defense and the principal operational test and evaluation official within the senior management of the Department of Defense. The Director shall—

(1) prescribe, by authority of the Secretary of Defense, policies and procedures for the conduct of operational test and evaluation in the Department of Defense;

(2) provide guidance to and consult with the Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, and the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Secretaries of the military departments with respect to operational test and evaluation in the Department of Defense in general and with respect to specific operational test and evaluation to be conducted in connection with a major defense acquisition program;

(3) monitor and review all operational test and evaluation in the Department of Defense;

(4) coordinate operational testing conducted jointly by more than one military department or defense agency;

(5) review and make recommendations to the Secretary of Defense on all budgetary and financial matters relating to operational test and evaluation, including operational test facilities and equipment, in the Department of Defense; and

(6) monitor and review the live fire testing activities of the Department of Defense provided for under section 4172 of this title.

(c) The Director may communicate views on matters within the responsibility of the Director directly to the Secretary of Defense and the Deputy Secretary of Defense without obtaining the approval or concurrence of any other official within the Department of Defense. The Director shall consult closely with, but the Director and the Director's staff are independent of, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, and all other officers and entities of the Department of Defense responsible for acquisition.

(d) The Director may not be assigned any responsibility for developmental test and evaluation, other than the provision of advice to officials responsible for such testing.

(e)(1) The Secretary of a military department shall report promptly to the Director the results of all operational test and evaluation conducted by the military department and of all studies conducted by the military department in connection with operational test and evaluation in the military department.

(2) The Director may require that such observers as he designates be present during the preparation for and the conduct of the test part of any operational test and evaluation conducted in the Department of Defense.

(3) The Director shall have access to all records and data in the Department of Defense (including the records and data of each military department) that the Director considers necessary to review in order to carry out his duties under this section.

(4) The Director shall have prompt access to all data regarding modeling and simulation activity proposed to be used by military departments and defense agencies in support of operational or live fire test and evaluation of military capabilities. This access shall include data associated with verification, validation, and accreditation activities.

(f)(1) The Director of the Missile Defense Agency shall make available to the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation the results of all tests and evaluations conducted by the Missile Defense Agency and of all studies conducted by the Missile Defense Agency in connection with tests and evaluations in the Missile Defense Agency.

(2) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation may require that such observers as the Director designates be present during the preparation for and the conducting of any test and evaluation conducted by the Missile Defense Agency.

(3) The Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall have access to all records and data in the Department of Defense (including the records and data of the Missile Defense Agency) that the Director considers necessary to review in order to carry out his duties under this subsection.

(g) The Director shall ensure that safety concerns developed during the operational test and evaluation of a weapon system under a major defense acquisition program are communicated in a timely manner to the program manager for that program for consideration in the acquisition decisionmaking process.

(h)(1) The Director shall prepare an annual report summarizing the operational test and evaluation activities (including live fire testing activities) of the Department of Defense during the preceding fiscal year.

(2) Each such report shall be submitted concurrently to the Secretary of Defense, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, the Secretaries of the military departments, and the Congress not later than January 31 of each year.

(3) If the Director submits the report to Congress in a classified or controlled unclassified form, the Director shall concurrently submit to Congress a version of the report that is unclassified and does not require safeguarding or dissemination controls.

(4) The report shall include such comments and recommendations as the Director considers appropriate, including comments and recommendations on resources and facilities available for operational test and evaluation and levels of funding made available for operational test and evaluation activities. The report for a fiscal year shall also include an assessment of the waivers of and deviations from requirements in test and evaluation master plans and other testing requirements that occurred during the fiscal year, any concerns raised by the waivers or deviations, and the actions that have been taken or are planned to be taken to address the concerns.

(5) The Director shall solicit comments from the Secretaries of the military departments on each report of the Director to Congress under this section and include any comments as an appendix to the Director's report. The Director shall determine the amount of time available for the Secretaries to comment on the draft report on a case by case basis, and consider the extent to which substantive discussions have already been held between the Director and the military department. The Director shall reserve the right to issue the report without comment from a military department if the department's comments are not received within the time provided, and shall indicate any such omission in the report.

(i) The Director shall comply with requests from Congress (or any committee of either House of Congress) for information relating to operational test and evaluation in the Department of Defense.

(j) The President shall include in the Budget transmitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31 for each fiscal year a separate statement of estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations for that fiscal year for the activities of the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of the Director under this section.

(k) The Director shall have sufficient professional staff of military and civilian personnel to enable the Director to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the Director prescribed by law.

(Added Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1211(a)(1), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 684, §136a; amended Pub. L. 99–348, title V, §501(c), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 708; renumbered §138 and amended Pub. L. 99–433, title I, §§101(a)(7), 110(d)(10), (g)(1), Oct. 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 995, 1003, 1004; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §§903(c), 910(c)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–132, 1783–145, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §§903(c), 910(c)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–132, 3341–145; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §§903(c), 910(c), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3912, 3924, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 100–26, §7(a)(1), (c)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 275, 280; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VIII, §801, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1123; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, §802(b), title XVI, §1622(e)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1486, 1605; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, §1484(k)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1719; renumbered §139 and amended Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §§901(a)(1), 904(d)(1), 907, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1726, 1728, 1730; Pub. L. 103–355, title III, §§3011–3013, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3331, 3332; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title IX, §911(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 719; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title II, §263, title X, §1048(b)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1044, 1225; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title II, §235, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2491; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title II, §231(f), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2133; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title II, §221, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 37; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title II, §251(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4400; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VIII, §845, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2292; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §887(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VIII, §815, title IX, §902(4), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1487, 1542; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title II, §271, title XVIII, §§1845(c)(1), 1846(i)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3502, 4247, 4251; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title II, §241, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1619; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title II, §231, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2486.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 139 was renumbered section 140 of this title.

Another prior section 139 was renumbered section 4205 of this title.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 117–263 inserted "or controlled unclassified" after "classified" and substituted "submit to Congress a version of the report that is unclassified and does not require safeguarding or dissemination controls" for "submit an unclassified version of the report to Congress".

2021—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1846(i)(1), substituted "section 4201" for "section 2430".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 116–283, §1845(c)(1), substituted "section 4172" for "section 2366".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 117–81 struck out before period at end ", through January 31, 2026".

Pub. L. 116–283, §271, substituted "Engineering," for "Engineering,," and ", through January 31, 2026" for ", through January 31, 2025".

2019—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–92, §902(4)(A), substituted ", the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, and the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering" for "and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–92, §902(4)(B), substituted "the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering," for "the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics".

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 116–92, §902(4)(B), substituted "the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering," for "the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics".

Pub. L. 116–92, §815(1), substituted ", through January 31, 2025" for ", through January 31, 2021".

Subsec. (h)(5). Pub. L. 116–92, §815(2), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "The Secretary of Defense and the Secretaries of the military departments may comment on any report of the Director to Congress under this subsection."

2018—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 115–232 added par. (4).

2016—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 114–328, §845(1), inserted "the Secretaries of the military departments," after "Logistics," and substituted "January 31 of each year, through January 31, 2021" for "10 days after the transmission of the budget for the next fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31".

Subsec. (h)(5). Pub. L. 114–328, §845(2), inserted "of Defense and the Secretaries of the military departments" after "Secretary".

2008—Subsec. (b)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 110–417 redesignated pars. (4) to (7) as (3) to (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (3) which required the Director to provide guidance to and consult with the officials described in par. (2) of subsec. (b) with respect to operational test and evaluation or survivability testing (or both) within the Department of Defense of force protection equipment.

Subsecs. (f) to (k). Pub. L. 110–181 added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsecs. (f) to (j) as (g) to (k), respectively.

2006—Subsec. (b)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 109–364 added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) to (6) as (4) to (7), respectively.

2002—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–314, §235(b), designated first sentence as par. (1), second sentence as par. (2), third sentence as par. (3), fourth and fifth sentences as par. (4), and sixth sentence as par. (5).

Pub. L. 107–314, §235(a), inserted after fourth sentence "The report for a fiscal year shall also include an assessment of the waivers of and deviations from requirements in test and evaluation master plans and other testing requirements that occurred during the fiscal year, any concerns raised by the waivers or deviations, and the actions that have been taken or are planned to be taken to address the concerns."

2001—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–107, §1048(b)(2), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–107, §263(2), added subsec. (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–107, §1048(b)(2), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology".

Pub. L. 107–107, §263(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 107–107, §263(1), redesignated subsecs. (g) to (i) as (h) to (j), respectively.

1999—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" in introductory provisions and in par. (2).

1994—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 103–355, §3012(a), added par. (6).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–355, §3011, inserted "The Director may communicate views on matters within the responsibility of the Director directly to the Secretary of Defense and the Deputy Secretary of Defense without obtaining the approval or concurrence of any other official within the Department of Defense." after "(c)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–355, §§3012(b), 3013, in first sentence inserted "(including live fire testing activities)" after "operational test and evaluation activities" and after second sentence inserted "If the Director submits the report to Congress in a classified form, the Director shall concurrently submit an unclassified version of the report to Congress."

1993—Pub. L. 103–160, §901(a)(1), renumbered section 138 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–160, §904(d)(1), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition" in introductory provisions and in par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–160, §907, struck out "The Director reports directly, without intervening review or approval, to the Secretary of Defense personally." after "(c)" and substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" for "Director of Defense Research and Engineering" and "responsible for acquisition" for "responsible for research and development".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–160, §904(d)(1), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition".

1990—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–510, §1484(k)(1)(A), substituted "(A) The term 'operational test and evaluation" for "(A) 'Operational test and evaluation".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–510, §1484(k)(1)(B), substituted "(B) The term 'major defense acquisition program" for "(B) 'Major defense acquisition program".

1989—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 101–189, §1622(e)(1)(A), which directed amendment of subpar. (A) by substituting "(A) The term 'operational' " for "(A) 'Operational' ", could not be executed because a closing quotation mark did not follow "Operational".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 101–189, §1622(e)(1)(B), which directed amendment of subpar. (B) by substituting "(B) The term 'major' " for "(B) 'Major' ", could not be executed because a closing quotation mark did not follow "Major".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 101–189, §802(b)(1)(A), inserted "and" after "defense agency;".

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 101–189, §802(b)(1)(B), (C), redesignated par. (6) as (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "analyze the results of the operational test and evaluation conducted for each major defense acquisition program and, at the conclusion of such operational test and evaluation, report to the Secretary of Defense, to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, and to the Committees on Armed Services and on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives as provided in subsection (c) on—

"(A) whether the test and evaluation performed was adequate; and

"(B) whether the test and evaluation results confirm that the items or components actually tested are effective and suitable for combat; and".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–189, §802(b)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (d)(1) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Each report of the Director required under subsection (b)(5) shall be submitted to the committees specified in that subsection in precisely the same form and with precisely the same content as the report originally was submitted to the Secretary of Defense and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and shall be accompanied by such comments as the Secretary may wish to make on the report."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–189, §802(b)(4), redesignated former par. (2) of subsec. (d) as entire subsec. Former par. (1) of subsec. (d) redesignated subsec. (c).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–189, §802(b)(5)–(7), redesignated subsec. (g)(1) as (f), substituted "this subsection" for "this paragraph", and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows:

"(1) Operational testing of a major defense acquisition program may not be conducted until the Director has approved in writing the adequacy of the plans (including the adequacy of projected levels of funding) for operational test and evaluation to be conducted in connection with that program.

"(2) A final decision within the Department of Defense to proceed with a major defense acquisition program beyond low-rate initial production may not be made until the Director has submitted to the Secretary of Defense the report with respect to that program required by subsection (b)(5) and the Committees on Armed Services and on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives have received that report."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–189, §802(b)(6), (8), redesignated former par. (2) of subsec. (g) as entire subsec. (g), and redesignated former par. (1) of subsec. (g) as subsec. (f).

1987—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(c)(2), substituted "section 2430" for "section 2432(a)(1)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–26, §7(a)(1), substituted "to the Secretary of Defense and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and shall be accompanied by such comments as the Secretary may wish to make on the report." for "to the Secretary, to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, and shall be accompanied by such comments as the Secretary of Defense may wish to make on such report."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–180 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1986—Pub. L. 99–433, §§101(a)(7), 110(d)(10), renumbered section 136a of this title as this section, and struck out ": appointment; powers and duties" at end of section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 99–433, §110(g)(1), substituted "section 2432(a)(1)" for "section 139a(a)(1)".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§903(c)(1)–(3)] and Pub. L. 99–661, §903(c)(1)–(3), amended subsec. (b) identically, in provisions preceding par. (1) and in par. (2), inserting "and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition" and, in par. (5), inserting ", to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§903(c)(4)], and Pub. L. 99–661, §903(c)(4), amended subsec. (c) identically by directing the insertion of ", to the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition," after "Secretary of Defense" the first place it appears which was executed by making the insertion after "the Secretary" the first place it appears as the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§903(c)(5)], and Pub. L. 99–661, §903(c)(5), amended subsec. (d) identically inserting "personally" after "Secretary of Defense".

Pub. L. 99–348 substituted "Director of Defense Research and Engineering" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§§903(c)(6), 910(c)], and Pub. L. 99–661, §§903(c)(6), 910(c), amended par. (1) identically, inserting ", the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition," and substituting "10 days after transmission of the budget for the next fiscal year under section 1105 of title 31" for "January 15 immediately following the end of the fiscal year for which the report is prepared".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [§903(c)(7)], and Pub. L. 99–661, §903(c)(7), amended section identically adding subsec. (i).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by sections 1845(c)(1) and 1846(i)(1) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1211(c), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 686, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] shall take effect on November 1, 1983."

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective Dec. 31, 2021, of provisions in subsec. (h) of this section requiring submittal of annual report to Congress, see section 1061 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 111 of this title.

Annual Assessment of Ballistic Missile Defense System

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVI, §1689, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1789, provided that:

"(a) Annual Assessment.—As part of the annual report of the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation submitted to Congress under section 139 of title 10, United States Code, the Director shall include an assessment of the ballistic missile defense system and all of the elements of the system that have been fielded or are planned, as of the date of the assessment, including—

"(1) the operational effectiveness, suitability, and survivability of the ballistic missile defense system and the elements of the system that have been fielded or tested; and

"(2) the adequacy and sufficiency of the test program of such system as of the date of the assessment, including with respect to the operational realism of the tests.

"(b) Form.—Each assessment under subsection (a) may be submitted in unclassified form, and may include a classified annex."

Additional Testing Data

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §887(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1916, provided that: "Developmental Test and Evaluation activities under the leadership of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment shall have prompt access to all data regarding modeling and simulation activity proposed to be used by military departments and defense agencies in support of developmental test and evaluation of military capabilities. This access shall include data associated with verification, validation, and accreditation activities."

Review and Revision of Policies and Practices on Test and Evaluation; Inclusion in Strategic Plan; Report

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title II, §231(b)–(e), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2132, 2133, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VIII, §804(d)(4), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2701, provided that:

"(b) Review and Revision of Policies and Practices.—

"(1) Review.—During fiscal year 2007, the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics and the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall review Department of Defense policies and practices on test and evaluation in order to—

"(A) reaffirm the test and evaluation principles that should guide traditional acquisition programs; and

"(B) determine how best to apply appropriate test and evaluation principles to emerging acquisition approaches.

"(2) Revised guidance.—If the Under Secretary determines as a result of the review under paragraph (1) that a revision of the policies and practices referred to in that paragraph is necessary, the Under Secretary and the Director shall jointly issue new or revised guidance for the Department of Defense on test and evaluation to address that determination.

"(c) Issues To Be Addressed.—In carrying out subsection (b), the Under Secretary shall address policies and practices on test and evaluation in order to—

"(1) ensure the performance of test and evaluation activities with regard to—

"(A) items that are acquired pursuant to the authority for rapid acquisition and deployment of items in section 3601 of title 10, United States Code;

"(B) programs that are conducted pursuant to the authority for spiral development in [former] section 803 of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 116 Stat. 2603; [former] 10 U.S.C. 2430 note), or other authority for the conduct of incremental acquisition programs;

"(C) systems that are acquired pursuant to other emerging acquisition approaches, as approved by the Under Secretary; and

"(D) equipment that is not subject to the operational test and evaluation requirements in sections 2366 and 2399 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 4172, 4171], but that may require limited operational test and evaluation for the purpose of ensuring the safety and survivability of such equipment and personnel using such equipment; and

"(2) ensure the appropriate use, if any, of operational test and evaluation resources to assess technology readiness levels for the purpose of section 2366a of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 4251], and other applicable technology readiness requirements.

"(d) Inclusion of Testing Needs in Strategic Plan.—The Director, Test Resource Management Center, shall ensure that the strategic plan for Department of Defense test and evaluation resources developed pursuant to section 196 of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 4173]—

"(1) reflects any testing needs of the Department of Defense that are identified as a result of activities under subsection (b); and

"(2) includes an assessment of the test and evaluation facilities, resources, and budgets that will be required to meet such needs.

"(e) Report to Congress.—Not later than nine months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], the Under Secretary and the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the review conducted under paragraph (1) of subsection (b), including any new or revised guidance issued pursuant to paragraph (2) of that subsection."
10 U.S.C. § 1431 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 73 / Subchapter I / Section 1431: Election of annuity: members of armed forces
Election of annuity: members of armed forces
Status: in_force

(a) This section applies to all members of the armed forces except—

(1) members whose names are on a retired list other than a list maintained under section 12774(a) of this title;

(2) cadets at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the Coast Guard Academy; and

(3) midshipmen.

(b) To provide an annuity under section 1434 of this title, a person covered by subsection (a) may elect to receive a reduced amount of the retired pay or retainer pay to which he may become entitled as a result of service in his armed force. Except as otherwise provided in this section, unless it is made before he completes nineteen years of service for which he is entitled to credit in the computation of his basic pay, the election must be made at least two years before the first day for which retired pay or retainer pay is granted. However, if, because of military operations, a member is assigned to an isolated station or is missing, interned in a neutral country, captured by a hostile force, or beleaguered or besieged, and for that reason is unable to make an election before completing nineteen years of that service, he may make the election, to become effective immediately, within one year after he ceases to be assigned to that station or returns to the jurisdiction of his armed force, as the case may be. A member to whom retired pay or retainer pay is granted retroactively, and who is otherwise eligible to make an election, may make the election within ninety days after receiving notice that such pay has been granted to him. An election made after August 13, 1968, is not effective if—

(1) the elector dies during the first thirty-day period he is entitled to retired pay as a result of a physical condition which led to his being granted retired pay under chapter 61 of title 10 with a disability of 100 per centum under the standard schedule of rating disabilities in use by the Department of Veterans Affairs at the time of the determination of the per centum of his disability;

(2) the disability was not the result of injury or disease received in line of duty as a direct result of armed conflict; and

(3) his surviving spouse or children are entitled to dependency and indemnity compensation under chapter 13 of title 38 based upon his death.

(c) An election may be changed or revoked by the elector before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted. Unless it is made on the basis of restored mental competency under section 1433 of this title, or unless it is made before the elector completes nineteen years of service for which he is entitled to credit in the computation of his basic pay (in which case only the latest change or revocation shall be effective), the change or revocation is not effective if it is made less than two years before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted. The elector may, however, before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted, change or revoke his election (provided the change does not increase the amount of the annuity elected) to reflect a change in the marital or dependency status of the member or his family that is caused by death, divorce, annulment, remarriage, or acquisition of a child, if such change or revocation of election is made within two years of such change in marital or dependency status.

(d) If an election made under this section is found to be void for any reason except fraud or willful intent of the member making the election, he may make a corrected election at any time within 90 days after he is notified in writing that the election is void. A corrected election made under this subsection is effective as of the date of the voided election it replaces.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 108; Pub. L. 85–861, §33(a)(11), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 87–381, §2, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 810; Pub. L. 90–485, §1(1), (2), Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(55), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2925; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, §1301(a)(2), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XVI, §1621(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(c)(17), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 499.)

Historical and Revision Notes
1956 Act

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

1431(a)

 
1431(b) 

37:371 (less (e) and (f)).
37:372(a) (2d sentence).

37:372(a) (less 2d, 5th, 6th, and last sentences).

37:372(b) (less last sentence). 

Aug. 8, 1953, ch. 393, §§2 (less (e) and (f)), 3(a) (less 5th sentence), (b), 67 Stat. 501, 502; Apr. 29, 1954, ch. 176, 68 Stat. 64.

1431(c) 
37:372(a) (6th and last sentences).

1431(d) 
37:372(b) (last sentence).

In subsection (a), the language of the revised subsection is substituted for 37:371(b) and (c), to make clear that the section was intended to include enlisted members and members of the Army, or the Air Force, without component. The words "the United States Air Force Academy" are inserted to reflect its establishment by the Air Force Academy Act (68 Stat. 47). The words "retirement pay" are omitted as covered by the words "retired pay". The words "equivalent pay" are omitted as surplusage. 37:371(c) (less 1st 21 words) is omitted as executed, since the persons described must have completed 18 years of the required service on the effective date of the source statute and exercised the option by 180 days after that date. 37:371(a) is omitted, since the revised chapter applies only to the armed forces. 37:371(d) is omitted, since the words "person entitled to retired or retainer pay", or their equivalent, are used throughout the revised chapter. 37:371(g) is omitted, since the words "retired or retainer pay" are used throughout the revised chapter. 37:371(h) is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definitions contained in section 101(5), (7), and (8). 37:372(a) (2d sentence) is omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), 37:372(a) (last 28 words of 1st sentence) is omitted as covered by section 1434 of this title. The words "or naval" are omitted as covered by the word "military". The last sentence is substituted for 37:372(a) (4th sentence, less 61st through 81st words). 37:372(a) (3d sentence, and 61st through 85th words of 4th sentence) and 37:372(b) (less last sentence) are omitted as executed.

In subsection (c), the words "is retired or becomes entitled to retired or retainer pay" are substituted for the words "his retirement" and "he retires" since, under sections 1331–1333 of this title, a person may be granted retired pay without having been retired. The last eight words are substituted for 37:372(a) (7th through 17th words of last sentence). 37:372(a) (last sentence, less 1st 17 words) is omitted as surplusage.

1958 Act

The change makes clear that section 1431 applies to a person who, because of military operations, is missing under any circumstances.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "section 12774(a)" for "section 1376(a)".

1989—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–189 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

1985—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99–145 substituted "surviving spouse" for "widow".

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–513 substituted "August 13, 1968," for "the date of enactment of this amendment".

1968—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–485, §1(1), increased from eighteen to nineteen the number of years of service the annuitant must complete, decreased from three to two years before eligibility the time required to make an election, and inserted provisions that an election made after Aug. 13, 1968 will not be effective if the conditions of cls. (1) to (3) are satisfied.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–485, §1(2), decreased from three to two years before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted the time required to change or revoke an election when the ground of restored mental competency is not present, inserted provision that any change or revocation in an election after the completion of 19 years of service is effective if made before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted, and provided for a change or revocation in an election before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted when there is a change in marital or dependency status, if such change or revocation of election is made within two years of such change in marital or dependency status.

1961—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–381 substituted "other than a list maintained under section 1376(a) of this title" for "or who are in the Retired Reserve", redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (2) and (3), and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which related to reserves on an inactive status list, and members assigned to the inactive National Guard, respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87–381 required that unless the election is made before 18 years of service, it must be made at least three years before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted, inserted assignment to an isolated station among the reasons permitting a delayed election, changed the period within which to make such delayed election from within six months after return to the jurisdiction of his armed force, to within one year after he ceases to be assigned to the isolated station or his return to the jurisdiction of his armed force, and if the member is retroactively granted retired or retainer pay, and is eligible for an election, he may elect within 90 days after notice of such grant.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–381 substituted "the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted" for "his retirement or before he becomes entitled to retired or retainer pay", the requirement that the change or revocation is not effective if made less than 3 years before the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted, for a required period of five years after change or revocation before retirement or becoming entitled to retired or retainer pay, and deleted "If he revokes the election, he may not change or withdraw the revocation."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 87–381 substituted permission to make a corrected election within 90 days after notice that the election is void for any reason, except fraud or willful intent of the member making election, with such election effective as of the date of the election it replaces, for provisions which denied the ability to revoke any election by a person retired or granted retired or retainer pay before Nov. 1, 1953, and who elected within 180 days after that date to receive reduced pay to provide for an annuity.

1958—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 85–861 struck out "in action" after "he is missing".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Dec. 1, 1994, and as if included as an amendment made by the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, title XVI of Pub. L. 103–337, as originally enacted.

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–513 effective Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701(b)(3) of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–485, §6, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 754, provided in part that: "Clause (1) and clause (6) of section 1 [amending this section and section 1436 of this title], and sections 2, 3, and 4 of this Act [amending section 1331 [now 12731] of this title and enacting material set out as notes under this section] are effective on the date of enactment [Aug. 13, 1968]. Remaining provisions of this Act [amending this section and sections 1434, 1435, 1437, and 1446 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] are effective on the first day of the third calendar month following the date of enactment."

Effective Date of 1958 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 85–861 effective Aug. 10, 1956, see section 33(g) of Pub. L. 85–861, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

Section 1 of Pub. L. 95–397, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 843, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 1076, 1331 [now 12731], 1434, and 1447 to 1452 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1076, 1434, 1447, and 1448 of this title] may be cited as the 'Uniformed Services Survivors' Benefits Amendments of 1978'."

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Provisions Effective for Certain Members on August 13, 1968

Pub. L. 90–485, §3, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 754, provided that: "For members to whom section 1431 of title 10, United States Code [this section], applies on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 1968], the provisions of section 1434(c) of that title, as amended by this Act [section 1(3) of Pub. L. 90–485] are effective immediately and automatically".

Election of Annuity Made Prior to August 13, 1968

Pub. L. 90–485, §4, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 754, provided that: "A retired member who elected an annuity under chapter 73 of title 10, United States Code [this chapter], before the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 1968], but did not make the election that was then provided by section 1434(c) of that title, may, before the first day of the thirteenth calendar month beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, make that election. That election becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month in which the election is made. Under regulations prescribed under section 1444(a) of this title, on or before the effective date the retired member must pay the total additional amount that would otherwise have been deducted from his retired or retainer pay to reflect such an election, had it been effective when he retired, plus the interest which would have accrued on that additional amount up to the effective date, except that if an undue hardship or financial burden would otherwise result payment may be made in from two to twelve monthly installments when the monthly amounts involved are $25, or less, or in from two to thirty-six monthly installments when the monthly amounts involved exceed $25. No amounts by which a member's retired or retainer pay was reduced may be refunded to, or credited on behalf of, the retired member by virtue of an application made by him under this section. A retired member described in the first sentence of this section, who does not make the election provided under this section, will not be allowed under section 1436(b) of title 10, to reduce an annuity or withdraw from participation in an annuity program under that title."

Elections Subject to Cost Tables Applicable on Date of Retirement; Annuities Payable to Beneficiaries Eligible Under Law in Effect the Day Prior to August 13, 1968

Pub. L. 90–485, §5, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 754, provided, effective on the first day of the third calendar month following Aug. 13, 1968, that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act [see Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note set out above], elections in effect on the date of enactment [Aug. 13, 1968] will remain under the cost tables applicable on the date of retirement, and the annuities provided thereunder shall be payable to those eligible beneficiaries prescribed under the law in effect on the day prior to the date of enactment of this Act."

Applicability of Provisions in Effect on the Day Prior to August 13, 1968

Pub. L. 90–485, §6, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 754, provided in part that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act [see Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note set out above], any member to whom section 1431 of title 10, United States Code [this section], applies on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 1968] may, before the first day of the thirteenth calendar month beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, submit a written application to the Secretary concerned requesting that an election or a change or revocation of election made by such member prior to the date of enactment of this Act shall continue to be governed by the provisions of section 1431(b) or (c) of title 10, United States Code [subsec. (b) or (c) of this section] as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act."

Interim Authority for Selection of Commanders and Captains for Continuation on Active Duty

Pub. L. 88–130, §3(q), Sept. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 192, rendered election, change, or revocation of election under this section effective if made prior to the convening date of the board which considers Coast Guard commanders and captains for continuation.

Change or Revocation of an Election Filed Prior to October 4, 1961

Pub. L. 87–381, §7, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 812, provided that: "Any person who, before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1961], has filed a change or revocation, subject to section 1431(c) of title 10, United States Code [subsec. (c) of this section], of an election made under section 1431(b) of that title [subsec. (b) of this section], which change or revocation would be ineffective if the first day for which retired or retainer pay is granted were to be the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1961], shall have that change or revocation become effective on that date, or three years after the date upon which it was filed, whichever is later."

Provisions Applicable to Certain Persons Retiring After October 4, 1961, for Disability

Pub. L. 87–381, §8, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 812, provided that: "Any person who—

"(1) made an election before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1961], which would be effective if he retired on the day before such date; and

"(2) hereafter retires for physical disability before completing 18 years of service for which he is entitled to credit in the computation of his basic pay—

shall be considered as having applicable to him all of the provisions of chapter 73 of title 10, United States Code [this chapter], existing on the date preceding the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1961], except that any revocation or change of an election is not effective until three years after the date of filing such revocation or change, or the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1961], whichever is later."

Change or Revocation of Election by Certain Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels

Pub. L. 86–616, §11, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 396, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 1431 of title 10, United States Code [this section], a change or revocation of an election made under that section by an officer who is retired under section 10 of this Act [set out as a note under section 3297 of this title] is effective if made at such a time that it would have been effective had he been retired on the earliest date prescribed for an officer of his kind by section 3916, 3921, 8916, or 8921 of title 10, as appropriate."

Change or Revocation of Election by Certain Officers of Regular Navy and Regular Marine Corps

Pub. L. 86–616, §13, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 396, provided that: "An officer who has been considered but not recommended for continuation on the active list under section 1 of the Act of August 11, 1959. Public Law 86–155 (73 Stat. 333) [set out as a note under section 5701 of this title], and who retired or retires voluntarily before the second day of the month following the month in which this Act is enacted [July 1960], may, within six months following the enactment of this Act [July 12, 1960], affirm a change or revocation of an election made under section 1431 of title 10, United States Code [this section], before his retirement, if the change or revocation would have been effective under section 3 of the Act of August 11, 1959, Public Law 86–155, as amended by this Act [set out as a note under section 5701 of this title], but for his voluntary retirement. If an officer takes no action under this section, his currently valid election under section 1431 of title 10, United States Code [this section], shall remain unchanged. The computation of the revised reduction in retired pay in the case of an officer who affirms a change of election under this section shall be in accordance with section 1436 of title 10, United States Code, and according to the conditions that existed on the day the officer became eligible for retired pay. An affirmation or revocation made under this section is effective on the first day of the month in which made. No refund may be made and no additional payment may be required with respect to any period before that date."

Election of Annuity by Certain Personnel

Pub. L. 86–197, §4, Aug. 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 426, provided that: "Any person who, on the effective date of this Act [August 25, 1959], would not have completed 18 years of service for which he is entitled to credit in the computation of his basic pay under the laws in effect prior to the effective date of this Act, and who, as a result of the enactment of this Act [amending sections 1332 [now 12732], 3683, 3926, 6324, 8683 and 8926 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3441 and 12732 of this title], is credited with more than 17 years of such service, shall be allowed twelve months from the effective date of this Act to make the election provided by section 1431(b) of title 10, United States Code [subsection (b) of this section], notwithstanding the requirement of the second sentence of that section."

Change or Revocation of Election by Certain Officers

Effective date of change or revocation of election by certain officers, see section 3 of Pub. L. 86–155, Aug. 11, 1959, 73 Stat. 336, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.

Public Health Service

Authority vested by this chapter in "military departments", "the Secretary concerned", or "the Secretary of Defense" to be exercised, with respect to commissioned officers of Public Health Service, by Secretary of Health and Human Services or his designee, see section 213a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Authority vested by this chapter in "military departments", "the Secretary concerned", or "the Secretary of Defense" to be exercised, with respect to commissioned officer corps of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, by Secretary of Commerce or Secretary's designee, see section 3071 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters.
10 U.S.C. § 14315 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 1405 / Section 14315: Position vacancy promotions: Army and Air Force officers
Position vacancy promotions: Army and Air Force officers
Status: in_force

(a) Officers Eligible for Consideration For Vacancy Promotions Below Brigadier General.—A reserve officer of the Army who is in the Army Reserve, or a reserve officer of the Air Force who is in the Air Force Reserve, who is on the reserve active-status list in the grade of first lieutenant, captain, major, or lieutenant colonel is eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade under this section if each of the following applies:

(1) The officer is occupying or, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, has been recommended to occupy a position in the same competitive category as the officer and for which a grade higher than the one held by that officer is authorized.

(2) The officer is fully qualified to meet all requirements for the position as established by the Secretary of the military department concerned.

(3) The officer has held the officer's present grade for the minimum period of service prescribed in section 14303 of this title for eligibility for consideration for promotion to the higher grade.

(b) Consideration for Vacancy Promotion to Brigadier General or Major General.—(1) A reserve officer of the Army who is in the Army Reserve and on the reserve active-status list in the grade of colonel or brigadier general may be considered for promotion to the next higher grade under this section if the officer (A) is assigned to the duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade in the Army Reserve or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army, (B) has held the officer's present grade for the minimum period of service prescribed in section 14303 of this title for eligibility for consideration for promotion to the higher grade, and (C) meets the standards for consideration prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.

(2) A reserve officer of the Air Force who is in the Air Force Reserve and on the reserve active-status list in the grade of colonel or brigadier general may be considered for promotion to the next higher grade under this section if the officer (A) is assigned to the duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force, and (B) meets the standards for consideration prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force.

(c) Vacancy Promotion Boards.—Consideration for promotion under this section shall be by a vacancy promotion board convened under section 14101(a) of this title.

(d) Effect of Nonselection.—An officer who is considered for promotion under this section and is not selected shall not be considered to have failed of selection for promotion.

(e) Special Rule for Officers Failed of Selection.—A reserve officer of the Army or the Air Force who is considered as failed of selection for promotion under section 14501 of this title to a grade may be considered for promotion under this section or, if selected, promoted to that grade only if the Secretary of the military department concerned finds that the officer is the only qualified officer available to fill the vacancy. The Secretary concerned may not delegate the authority under the preceding sentence.

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1611, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2943; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(b)(25), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, §514(d), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §501], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–98; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §512(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1460.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3384 and 8373 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, §1629(a)(1), (c)(1).

Amendments

2003—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–136 substituted "under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, has been recommended" for "as determined by the Secretary concerned, is available".

2000—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §501(1)], inserted "or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army" after "Army Reserve".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §501(2)], inserted "or is recommended for such an assignment under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force" after "reserve grade".

1997—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade in the Army Reserve," for "duties of a general officer of the next higher reserve grade in a unit of the Army Reserve organized to serve as a unit,".

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "or a reserve officer" for "or a Reserve officer" in introductory provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–106 effective as if included in the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, title XVI of Pub. L. 103–337, as enacted on Oct. 5, 1994, see section 1501(f)(3) of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as a note under section 113 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1691(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 201 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 8 / Subchapter II / Section 201: Certain intelligence officials: consultation and concurrence regarding appointments; evaluation of performance
Certain intelligence officials: consultation and concurrence regarding appointments; evaluation of performance
Status: in_force

(a) Consultation Regarding Appointment.—Before submitting a recommendation to the President regarding the appointment of an individual to the position of Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Director of National Intelligence regarding the recommendation.

(b) Concurrence in Appointment.—(1) In the event of a vacancy in a position referred to in paragraph (2), before appointing an individual to fill the vacancy or recommending to the President an individual to be nominated to fill the vacancy, the Secretary of Defense shall obtain the concurrence of the Director of National Intelligence as provided in section 106(b) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3041(b)).

(2) Paragraph (1) applies to the following positions:

(A) The Director of the National Security Agency.

(B) The Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.

(C) The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

(c) Performance Evaluations.—(1) The Director of National Intelligence shall provide annually to the Secretary of Defense, for the Secretary's consideration, an evaluation of the performance of the individuals holding the positions referred to in paragraph (2) in fulfilling their respective responsibilities with regard to the National Intelligence Program.

(2) The positions referred to in paragraph (1) are the following:

(A) The Director of the National Security Agency.

(B) The Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.

(C) The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

(Added Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, §922(a)(2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1453; amended Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1103(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2676; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title IX, §921(d)(4), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1569; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, §931(a)(4), (5), (c)(2), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 285; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §932(a)(3)–(5), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4576; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1073(c)(10), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2475; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(c)(4), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3508.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 201 was renumbered section 202 of this title and subsequently repealed.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "(50 U.S.C. 3041(b))" for "(50 U.S.C. 403–6(b))".

2009—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1), (c)(1). Pub. L. 111–84 repealed Pub. L. 110–417, §932(a)(3)–(5). See 2008 Amendment notes below.

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–181, §931(a)(4), and Pub. L. 110–417, §932(a)(3), amended subsec. (a) identically, substituting "Director of National Intelligence" for "Director of Central Intelligence". Pub. L. 110–417, §932(a)(3), was repealed by Pub. L. 111–84.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–417, §932(a)(4), which directed substitution of "Director of National Intelligence" for "Director of Central Intelligence", could not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 110–181, §931(c)(2)(A), and was repealed by Pub. L. 111–84.

Pub. L. 110–181, §931(c)(2)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Before submitting a recommendation to the President regarding the appointment of an individual to a position referred to in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Defense shall seek the concurrence of the Director of Central Intelligence in the recommendation. If the Director does not concur in the recommendation, the Secretary may make the recommendation to the President without the Director's concurrence, but shall include in the recommendation a statement that the Director does not concur in the recommendation."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–181, §931(c)(2)(B), substituted "National Intelligence Program" for "National Foreign Intelligence Program".

Pub. L. 110–181, §931(a)(5), and Pub. L. 110–417, §932(a)(5), amended par. (1) identically, substituting "Director of National Intelligence" for "Director of Central Intelligence". Pub. L. 110–417, §932(a)(5), was repealed by Pub. L. 111–84.

2003—Subsecs. (b)(2)(C), (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 108–136 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

1996—Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "Certain intelligence officials: consultation and concurrence regarding appointments; evaluation of performance" for "Consultation regarding appointment of certain intelligence officials" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Before submitting a recommendation to the President regarding the appointment of an individual to the position of Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency or Director of the National Security Agency, the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Director of Central Intelligence regarding the recommendation."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1073(c), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2474, provided that the amendment made by section 1073(c)(10) is effective as of Oct. 14, 2008, and as if included in Pub. L. 110–417 as enacted.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of this title.

Defense Intelligence Agency

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, §921, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1452, as amended by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1070(d)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2858, provided that, during the period beginning on Dec. 5, 1991, and ending on Jan. 1, 1993, the Assistant Secretary of Defense referred to in section 138(b)(3) of this title could be assigned supervision of the Defense Intelligence Agency other than day-to-day operational control over the Agency, set forth the responsibilities of the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency during the period beginning on Dec. 5, 1991, and ending on Jan. 1, 1993, and directed the Secretary of the Army and the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency to take all required actions in order to transfer the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center and the Missile and Space Intelligence Center from the Department of the Army to the control of the Defense Intelligence Agency not later than Jan. 1, 1992.

Joint Intelligence Center

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, §923, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1453, provided that:

"(a) Requirement for Center.—The Secretary of Defense shall direct the consolidation of existing single-service current intelligence centers that are located within the District of Columbia or its vicinity into a joint intelligence center that is responsible for preparing current intelligence assessments (including indications and warning). The joint intelligence center shall be located within the District of Columbia or its vicinity. As appropriate for the support of military operations, the joint intelligence center shall provide for and manage the collection and analysis of intelligence.

"(b) Management.—The center shall be managed by the Defense Intelligence Agency in its capacity as the intelligence staff activity of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

"(c) Responsiveness to Command Authorities.—The Secretary shall ensure that the center is fully responsive to the intelligence needs of the Secretary, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the commanders of the combatant commands."
10 U.S.C. § 10105 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 1003 / Section 10105: Army National Guard of the United States: composition
Army National Guard of the United States: composition
Status: in_force

The Army National Guard of the United States is the reserve component of the Army that consists of—

(1) federally recognized units and organizations of the Army National Guard; and

(2) members of the Army National Guard who are also Reserves of the Army.

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2970.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in section 3077 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, §1661(a)(3)(A).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.

Active Component Support for Reserve Training

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §515, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1650, provided that:

"(a) Requirement To Establish.—The Secretary of the Army shall, not later than September 30, 1995, establish one or more active-component units of the Army with the primary mission of providing training support to reserve units. Each such unit shall be part of the active Army force structure and shall have a commander who is on the active-duty list of the Army.

"(b) Implementation Plan.—The Secretary of the Army shall during fiscal year 1994 submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a plan to meet the requirement in subsection (a). The plan shall include a proposal for any statutory changes that the Secretary considers to be necessary for the implementation of the plan."

Test Program for Reserve Combat Maneuver Unit Integration

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §516, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1650, directed Secretary of the Army to prepare a plan for carrying out a test program to determine feasibility and advisability of applying the roundout and roundup models for integration of active and reserve component Army units at the battalion and company levels and submit to Congress not later than Mar. 31, 1994, a report that includes the plan for the test program.

Army National Guard Combat Readiness Reform

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title XI, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2536, as amended by Pub. L. 103–35, title II, §202(a)(11), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 101; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §520, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1651; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title V, §516, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2754; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, §§514, 515, title VII, §704(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 307, 308, 372; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title III, §321(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §520, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1351, provided that:

"SEC. 1101. SHORT TITLE.

"This title may be cited as the 'Army National Guard Combat Readiness Reform Act of 1992'.

"Subtitle A—Deployability Enhancements

"SEC. 1111. PRIOR ACTIVE-DUTY PERSONNEL.

"(a) Additional Prior Active Duty Officers.—The Secretary of the Army shall increase the number of qualified prior active-duty officers in the Army National Guard by providing a program that permits the separation of officers on active duty with at least two, but less than three, years of active service upon condition that the officer is accepted for appointment in the Army National Guard. The Secretary shall have a goal of having not fewer than 150 officers become members of the Army National Guard each year under this section.

"(b) Additional Prior Active Duty Enlisted Members.—The Secretary of the Army shall increase the number of qualified prior active-duty enlisted members in the Army National Guard through the use of enlistments as described in section 8020 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1994 (Public Law 103–139) [107 Stat. 1441]. The Secretary shall enlist not fewer than 1,000 new enlisted members each year under enlistments described in that section.

"(c) Qualified Prior Active-Duty Personnel.—For purposes of this section, qualified prior active-duty personnel are members of the Army National Guard with not less than two years of active duty.

"SEC. 1112. SERVICE IN SELECTED RESERVE IN LIEU OF ACTIVE-DUTY SERVICE.

"(a) Academy Graduates and Distinguished ROTC Graduates To Serve in Selected Reserve for Period of Active-duty Service Obligation Not Served on Active Duty.—(1) An officer who is a graduate of one of the service academies or who was commissioned as a distinguished Reserve Officers' Training Corps graduate and who is permitted to be released from active duty before the completion of the active-duty service obligation applicable to that officer shall serve the remaining period of such active-duty service obligation as a member of the Selected Reserve.

"(2) The Secretary concerned may waive paragraph (1) in a case in which the Secretary determines that there is no unit position available for the officer.

"(b) ROTC Graduates.—The Secretary of the Army shall provide a program under which graduates of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program may perform their minimum period of obligated service by a combination of (A) two years of active duty, and (B) such additional period of service as is necessary to complete the remainder of such obligation, to be served in the Selected Reserve.

"[SEC. 1113. Repealed. Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §520, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1351.]

"SEC. 1114. NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS.

"(a) Nonwaivability.—Any standard prescribed by the Secretary of the Army establishing a military education requirement for noncommissioned officers that must be met as a requirement for promotion to a higher noncommissioned officer grade may be waived only if the Secretary determines that the waiver is necessary in order to preserve unit leadership continuity under combat conditions.

"(b) Availability of Training Positions.—The Secretary of the Army shall ensure that there are sufficient training positions available to enable compliance with subsection (a).

"SEC. 1115. INITIAL ENTRY TRAINING AND NONDEPLOYABLE PERSONNEL ACCOUNT.

"(a) Establishment of Personnel Account.—The Secretary of the Army shall establish a personnel accounting category for members of the Army Selected Reserve to be used for categorizing members of the Selected Reserve who have not completed the minimum training required for deployment or who are otherwise not available for deployment. The account shall be designed so that it is compatible with the decentralized personnel systems of the Army Guard and Reserve. The account shall be used for the reporting of personnel readiness and may not be used as a factor in establishing the level of Army Guard and Reserve force structure.

"(b) Use of Account.—Until a member of the Army Selected Reserve has completed the minimum training necessary for deployment, the member may not be assigned to fill a position in a Selected Reserve unit but shall be carried in the account established under subsection (a).

"(c) Time for Qualification for Deployment.—(1) If at the end of 24 months after a member of the Army Selected Reserve enters the Army Selected Reserve, the member has not completed the minimum training required for deployment, the member shall be discharged.

"(2) The Secretary of the Army may waive the requirement in paragraph (1) in the case of health care providers and in other cases determined necessary. The authority to make such a waiver may not be delegated.

"SEC. 1116. MINIMUM PHYSICAL DEPLOYABILITY STANDARDS.

"The Secretary of the Army shall transfer the personnel classification of a member of the Army Selected Reserve from the Selected Reserve unit of the member to the personnel account established pursuant to section 1115 if the member does not meet minimum physical profile standards required for deployment. Any such transfer shall be made not later than 90 days after the date on which the determination that the member does not meet such standards is made.

"[SECS. 1117, 1118. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VII, §704(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 372.]

"SEC. 1119. COMBAT UNIT TRAINING.

"The Secretary of the Army shall establish a program to minimize the post-mobilization training time required for combat units of the Army National Guard. The program shall require—

"(1) that unit premobilization training emphasize—

"(A) individual soldier qualification and training;

"(B) collective training and qualification at the crew, section, team, and squad level; and

"(C) maneuver training at the platoon level as required of all Army units; and

"(2) that combat training for command and staff leadership include annual multi-echelon training to develop battalion, brigade, and division level skills, as appropriate.

"SEC. 1120. USE OF COMBAT SIMULATORS.

"The Secretary of the Army shall expand the use of simulations, simulators, and advanced training devices and technologies in order to increase training opportunities for members and units of the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.

"Subtitle B—Assessment of National Guard Capability

"[SEC. 1121. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title III, §321(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2075.]

"SEC. 1122. INSPECTIONS.

"[Amended section 105 of Title 32, National Guard.]

"Subtitle C—Compatibility of Guard Units With Active Component Units

"SEC. 1131. ACTIVE DUTY ASSOCIATE UNIT RESPONSIBILITY.

"(a) Associate Units.—The Secretary of the Army shall require—

"(1) that each ground combat maneuver brigade of the Army National Guard that (as determined by the Secretary) is essential for the execution of the National Military Strategy be associated with an active-duty combat unit; and

"(2) that combat support and combat service support units of the Army Selected Reserve that (as determined by the Secretary) are essential for the execution of the National Military Strategy be associated with active-duty units.

"(b) Responsibilities.—The commander (at a brigade or higher level) of the associated active duty unit for any National Guard unit or Army Selected Reserve unit that (as determined by the Secretary under subsection (a)) is essential for the execution of the National Military Strategy shall be responsible for—

"(1) approving the training program of that unit;

"(2) reviewing the readiness report of that unit;

"(3) assessing the manpower, equipment, and training resources requirements of that unit; and

"(4) validating, not less often than annually, the compatibility of that unit with the active duty forces.

"(c) Implementation.—The Secretary of the Army shall begin to implement subsection (a) during fiscal year 1993 and shall achieve full implementation of the plan not later than October 1, 1995.

"SEC. 1132. TRAINING COMPATIBILITY.

"[Amended section 414(c) of Pub. L. 102–190, set out as a note under section 12001 of this title.]

"SEC. 1133. SYSTEMS COMPATIBILITY.

"(a) Compatibility Program.—The Secretary of the Army shall develop and implement a program to ensure that Army personnel systems, Army supply systems, Army maintenance management systems, and Army finance systems are compatible across all Army components.

"(b) Report.—Not later than September 30, 1993, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report describing the program under subsection (a) and setting forth a plan for implementation of the program by the end of fiscal year 1997.

"SEC. 1134. EQUIPMENT COMPATIBILITY.

"[Amended section 115b(b) [now 10541(b)] of this title.]

"[SEC. 1135. Repealed. Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title III, §321(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2075.]

"SEC. 1136. QUALIFICATION FOR PRIOR-SERVICE ENLISTMENT BONUS.

"[Amended section 308i(c) of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services.]

"SEC. 1137. STUDY OF IMPLEMENTATION FOR ALL RESERVE COMPONENTS.

"The Secretary of Defense shall conduct an assessment of the feasibility of implementing the provisions of this title for all reserve components. Not later than December 31, 1993, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives a report containing a plan for such implementation."
10 U.S.C. § 10001 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 1001 / Section 10001: Definition of State
Definition of State
Status: in_force

In this subtitle, the term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam.

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1661(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2969.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1501(f)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 501, as amended by Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(d)(1)(E)(ii), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1905, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 1672(a), 1673(a) (with respect to chapters 541 and 549), 1673(b)(2), 1673(b)(4), 1674(a), and 1674(b)(7) of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act [Pub. L. 103–337, amending the tables of chapters for subtitle B, part II of subtitle B, subtitle C, part II of subtitle C, subtitle D, and part II of subtitle D of this title and the tables of sections for chapters 539, 573, and 861 of this title] shall take effect on the effective date specified in section 1691(b)(1) of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act [set out as a note below] (notwithstanding section 1691(a) of such Act [set out as a note below])."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1691, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3026, provided that:

"(a) Effective Date for Amendments.—Except as provided in subsection (b), the amendment made by section 1611 [enacting heading and analysis of this subtitle and enacting part III of this subtitle] and the amendments made by subtitles C and D [subtitles C (§§1661 to 1665) and D (§§1671 to 1677) of title XVI of div. A of Pub. L. 103–337, see Tables for classification] shall take effect on December 1, 1994.

"(b) Effective Date for New Reserve Officer Personnel Policies.—(1) The provisions of part III of subtitle E of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 1611, shall become effective on October 1, 1996. The amendments made by part II [part II (§§1621 to 1630) of subtitle A of title XVI of div. A of Pub. L. 103–337, see Tables for classification], of subtitle A, by subtitle B [subtitle B (§§1631 to 1641) of title XVI of div. A of Pub. L. 103–337, see Tables for classification], and by section 1671(c)(2) [amending section 113 of this title] and paragraphs (2), (3)(B), (3)(C), and (4) of section 1675(d) [amending sections 12645 to 12647 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1996.

"(2) Any reference in subtitle E of this title to the effective date of this title is a reference to the effective date prescribed in paragraph (1).

"(3) The personnel policies applicable to Reserve officers under the provisions of law in effect on the day before the date prescribed in subsection (a) and replaced by the Reserve officer personnel policies prescribed in part III of subtitle E of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 1611, shall, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), continue in effect until the effective date prescribed in paragraph (1).

"(4) The authority to prescribe regulations under the provisions of part III of subtitle E of title 10, United States Code, as added by section 1611, shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994]."

Short Title of 1996 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, §1201, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2689, provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 1006 and sections 5143, 5144, and 10543 of this title, amending sections 113, 641, 3038, 8038, and 10216 of this title and section 404 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 10171 and 10543 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3074 of this title] may be cited as the 'Reserve Forces Revitalization Act of 1996'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1601, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2921, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act'."

Congressional Statement of Purpose

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XII, §1202, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2689, provided that: "The purpose of this title [see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note above] is to revise the basic statutory authorities governing the organization and administration of the reserve components of the Armed Forces in order to recognize the realities of reserve component partnership in the Total Force and to better prepare the American citizen-soldier, sailor, airman, and Marine in time of peace for duties in war."

Preservation of Suspended Status of Laws Suspended on September 30, 1996

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1692, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3027, provided that: "If a provision of law that is in a suspended status on the day before the effective date of this title under section 1691(b)(1) [set out above] is transferred or amended by this title [see Tables for classification], the suspended status of that provision is not affected by that transfer or amendment."

Preservation of Pre-Existing Rights, Duties, Penalties, and Proceedings

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1693, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3027, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this title [see Tables for classification], the provisions of this title and the amendments made by this title do not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, or proceedings that were begun before the effective date of this title under section 1691(b)(1) [set out above]."
10 U.S.C. § 906a (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 47 / Subchapter X / Section 906a: Art. 106a. Wearing unauthorized insignia, decoration, badge, ribbon, device, or lapel button
Art. 106a. Wearing unauthorized insignia, decoration, badge, ribbon, device, or lapel button
Status: in_force

Any person subject to this chapter—

(1) who is not authorized to wear an insignia, decoration, badge, ribbon, device, or lapel button; and

(2) who wrongfully wears such insignia, decoration, badge, ribbon, device, or lapel button upon the person's uniform or civilian clothing;

shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. E, title LX, §5418, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2945.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 906a was renumbered section 903a of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on Jan. 1, 2019, as designated by the President, with implementing regulations and provisions relating to applicability to various situations, see section 5542 of Pub. L. 114–328 and Ex. Ord. No. 13825, set out as notes under section 801 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 3068 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 203 / Section 3068: Inapplicability of certain laws
Inapplicability of certain laws
Status: in_force

(a) Laws Inapplicable to Agencies Named in Section 3063.—Sections 6101 and 6304 of title 41 do not apply to the procurement or sale of property or services by the agencies named in section 3063 of this title.

(b) Laws Inapplicable to Procurement of Automatic Data Processing Equipment and Services for Certain Defense Purposes.—For purposes of subtitle III of title 40, the term "national security system", with respect to a telecommunications and information system operated by the Department of Defense, has the meaning given that term by section 3552(b)(6) of title 44.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, §1807(e)(1)–(3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4158, 4159; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XVII, §1701(b)(2)(C), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2132.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The text of section 2314 of this title, which was transferred to this section, designated as subsec. (a), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(2), was based on act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 133; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, §511(78), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2927; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, §822(b)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(b)(16), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3843; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, §1071(a)(4), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504.

The text of section 2315 of this title, which was transferred to this section, designated as subsec. (b), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(3), was based on Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §908(a)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1117; amended Pub. L. 97–295, §1(25), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1291; Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LVI, §5601(c), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 699; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1074(b)(4)(B), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2660; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(a)(49), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1903; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(b)(5), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, §906(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2354; Pub. L. 113–283, §2(e)(5)(C), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3087; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1081(a)(7), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1001.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3068 was renumbered section 7068 of this title.

Another prior section 3068, acts Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 168; Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, §6(a)(1), 76 Stat. 494, contained substantially the same provisions as section 7068, which formerly was numbered as section 3068, but placed the upper limit for the rank of officers of the Medical Service Corps at colonel, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–603.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(2)(C)(i), transferred text of section 2314 of this title to this section, designated it as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and substituted "section 3063" for "section 2303".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, §1807(e)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, §1701(b)(2)(C)(ii), transferred text of section 2315 of this title to this section, designated it as subsec. (b), and inserted heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and Effective Date note below.

Effective Date

Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an Effective Date of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title.
10 U.S.C. § 863 (2024) — Title 10: ARMED FORCES / Chapter 47 / Subchapter IX / Section 863: Art. 63. Rehearings
Art. 63. Rehearings
Status: in_force

(a) Each rehearing under this chapter shall take place before a court-martial composed of members not members of the court-martial which first heard the case. Upon a rehearing the accused may not be tried for any offense of which he was found not guilty by the first court-martial, and no sentence in excess of or more severe than the original sentence may be adjudged, unless the sentence is based upon a finding of guilty of an offense not considered upon the merits in the original proceedings, or unless the sentence prescribed for the offense is mandatory.

(b) If the sentence adjudged by the first court-martial was in accordance with a plea agreement under section 853a of this title (article 53a) and the accused at the rehearing does not comply with the agreement, or if a plea of guilty was entered for an offense at the first court-martial and a plea of not guilty was entered at the rehearing, the sentence as to those charges or specifications may include any punishment not in excess of that which could have been adjudged at the first court-martial, subject to such limitations as the President may prescribe by regulation.

(c) If, after appeal by the Government under section 856(d) of this title (article 56(d)), the sentence adjudged is set aside and a rehearing on sentence is ordered by the Court of Criminal Appeals or Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, the court-martial may impose any sentence that is in accordance with the order or ruling setting aside the adjudged sentence, subject to such limitations as the President may prescribe by regulation.

(Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 58; Pub. L. 98–209, §5(d), Dec. 6, 1983, 97 Stat. 1398; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1065, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2506; Pub. L. 114–328, div. E, title LIX, §5327, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2929; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title V, §531(i), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1385.)

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)

863(a)
863(b) 

50:650(a).
50:650(b). 

May 5, 1950, ch. 169, §1 (Art. 63), 64 Stat. 127.

In subsection (a), the words "In such a" are substituted for the words "in which".

In subsection (b), the word "Each" is substituted for the word "Every". The word "may" is substituted for the word "shall" in the second sentence.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–91 inserted ", subject to such limitations as the President may prescribe by regulation" before period at end.

2016—Pub. L. 114–328 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "may be adjudged" for "may be approved" in second sentence, struck out at end "If the sentence approved after the first court-martial was in accordance with a pretrial agreement and the accused at the rehearing changes his plea with respect to the charges or specifications upon which the pretrial agreement was based, or otherwise does not comply with the pretrial agreement, the approved sentence as to those charges or specifications may include any punishment not in excess of that lawfully adjudged at the first court-martial.", and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

1992—Pub. L. 102–484 substituted "approved" for "imposed" in second sentence and inserted "approved" before last reference to "sentence" in third sentence.

1983—Pub. L. 98–209 struck out subsec. (a) which provided that if the convening authority disapproved the findings and sentence of a court-martial he could, except where there was lack of sufficient evidence in the record to support the findings, order a rehearing, stating the reasons for disapproval, and that if he disapproved the findings without reordering a rehearing, he had to dismiss the charges, and redesignated former subsec. (b) as entire section, and, as so redesignated, inserted "under this chapter" after "Each rehearing", and inserted provision that if the sentence approved after the first court-martial was in accordance with a pretrial agreement and the accused at the rehearing changes his plea with respect to the charges or specifications upon which the pretrial agreement was based, or otherwise does not comply with the pretrial agreement, the sentence as to those charges or specifications may include any punishment not in excess of that lawfully adjudged at the first court-martial.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–91 effective immediately after the amendments made by div. E (§§5001–5542) of Pub. L. 114–328 take effect as provided for in section 5542 of that Act (10 U.S.C. 801 note), see section 531(p) of Pub. L. 115–91, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

Effective Date of 2016 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–328 effective on Jan. 1, 2019, as designated by the President, with implementing regulations and provisions relating to applicability to various situations, see section 5542 of Pub. L. 114–328 and Ex. Ord. No. 13825, set out as notes under section 801 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–484 effective Oct. 23, 1992, and applicable with respect to offenses committed on or after that date, see section 1067 of Pub. L. 102–484, set out as a note under section 803 of this title.

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–209 effective first day of eighth calendar month beginning after Dec. 6, 1983, but not to apply to any case in which the findings and sentence were adjudged by a court-martial before that date, and the proceedings in any such case to be held in the same manner and with the same effect as if such amendments had not been enacted, see section 12(a)(1), (4) of Pub. L. 98–209, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.