7 U.S.C. § 2012 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 51: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Section 2012: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter, the term:

(a) "Access device" means any card, plate, code, account number, or other means of access, including point of sale devices, that can be used, alone or in conjunction with another access device, to obtain payments, allotments, benefits, money, goods, or other things of value, or that can be used to initiate a transfer of funds under this chapter.

(b) "Allotment" means the total value of benefits a household is authorized to receive during each month.

(c) "Allowable medical expenses" means expenditures for (1) medical and dental care, (2) hospitalization or nursing care (including hospitalization or nursing care of an individual who was a household member immediately prior to entering a hospital or nursing home), (3) prescription drugs when prescribed by a licensed practitioner authorized under State law and over-the-counter medication (including insulin) when approved by a licensed practitioner or other qualified health professional, (4) health and hospitalization insurance policies (excluding the costs of health and accident or income maintenance policies), (5) medicare premiums related to coverage under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.], (6) dentures, hearing aids, and prosthetics (including the costs of securing and maintaining a seeing eye dog), (7) eye glasses prescribed by a physician skilled in eye disease or by an optometrist, (8) reasonable costs of transportation necessary to secure medical treatment or services, and (9) maintaining an attendant, homemaker, home health aide, housekeeper, or child care services due to age, infirmity, or illness.

(d) Benefit.—The term "benefit" means the value of supplemental nutrition assistance provided to a household by means of—

(1) an electronic benefit transfer under section 2016(h) of this title; or

(2) other means of providing assistance, as determined by the Secretary.

(e) Benefit Issuer.—The term "benefit issuer" means any office of the State agency or any person, partnership, corporation, organization, political subdivision, or other entity with which a State agency has contracted for, or to which it has delegated functional responsibility in connection with, the issuance of benefits to households.

(f) "Certification period" means the period for which households shall be eligible to receive benefits. The certification period shall not exceed 12 months, except that the certification period may be up to 24 months if all adult household members are elderly or disabled. A State agency shall have at least 1 contact with each certified household every 12 months. The limits specified in this subsection may be extended until the end of any transitional benefit period established under section 2020(s) of this title.

(g) "Coupon" means any coupon, stamp, type of certificate, authorization card, cash or check issued in lieu of a coupon.

(h) "Drug addiction or alcoholic treatment and rehabilitation program" means any such program conducted by a private nonprofit organization or institution, or a publicly operated community mental health center, under part B of title XIX of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300x et seq.) to provide treatment that can lead to the rehabilitation of drug addicts or alcoholics.

(i) EBT Card.—The term "EBT card" means an electronic benefit transfer card issued under section 2016(h) of this title.

(j) "Elderly or disabled member" means a member of a household who—

(1) is sixty years of age or older;

(2)(A) receives supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), or Federally or State administered supplemental benefits of the type described in section 212(a) of Public Law 93–66 (42 U.S.C. 1382 note), or

(B) receives Federally or State administered supplemental assistance of the type described in section 1616(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1382e(a)), interim assistance pending receipt of supplemental security income, disability-related medical assistance under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.), or disability-based State general assistance benefits, if the Secretary determines that such benefits are conditioned on meeting disability or blindness criteria at least as stringent as those used under title XVI of the Social Security Act;

(3) receives disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.] or receives disability retirement benefits from a governmental agency because of a disability considered permanent under section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i));

(4) is a veteran who—

(A) has a service-connected or non-service-connected disability which is rated as total under title 38; or

(B) is considered in need of regular aid and attendance or permanently housebound under such title;

(5) is a surviving spouse of a veteran and—

(A) is considered in need of regular aid and attendance or permanently housebound under title 38; or

(B) is entitled to compensation for a service-connected death or pension benefits for a non-service-connected death under title 38, and has a disability considered permanent under section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i));

(6) is a child of a veteran and—

(A) is considered permanently incapable of self-support under section 1314 of title 38; or

(B) is entitled to compensation for a service-connected death or pension benefits for a non-service-connected death under title 38, and has a disability considered permanent under section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i)); or

(7) is an individual receiving an annuity under section 2(a)(1)(iv) or 2(a)(1)(v) of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (45 U.S.C. 231a(a)(1)(iv) or 231a(a)(1)(v)), if the individual's service as an employee under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 [45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.], after December 31, 1936, had been included in the term "employment" as defined in the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], and if an application for disability benefits had been filed.

(k) "Food" means (1) any food or food product for home consumption except alcoholic beverages, tobacco, hot foods or hot food products ready for immediate consumption other than those authorized pursuant to clauses (3), (4), (5), (7), (8), and (9) of this subsection, and any deposit fee in excess of the amount of the State fee reimbursement (if any) required to purchase any food or food product contained in a returnable bottle or can, regardless of whether the fee is included in the shelf price posted for the food or food product, (2) seeds and plants for use in gardens to produce food for the personal consumption of the eligible household, (3) in the case of those persons who are sixty years of age or over or who receive supplemental security income benefits or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.], and their spouses, meals prepared by and served in senior citizens' centers, apartment buildings occupied primarily by such persons, public or private nonprofit establishments (eating or otherwise) that feed such persons, private establishments that contract with the appropriate agency of the State to offer meals for such persons at concessional prices subject to section 2018(h) of this title, and meals prepared for and served to residents of federally subsidized housing for the elderly, (4) in the case of persons sixty years of age or over and persons who are physically or mentally handicapped or otherwise so disabled that they are unable adequately to prepare all of their meals, meals prepared for and delivered to them (and their spouses) at their home by a public or private nonprofit organization or by a private establishment that contracts with the appropriate State agency to perform such services at concessional prices subject to section 2018(h) of this title, (5) in the case of narcotics addicts or alcoholics, and their children, served by drug addiction or alcoholic treatment and rehabilitation programs, meals prepared and served under such programs, (6) in the case of certain eligible households living in Alaska, equipment for procuring food by hunting and fishing, such as nets, hooks, rods, harpoons, and knives (but not equipment for purposes of transportation, clothing, or shelter, and not firearms, ammunition, and explosives) if the Secretary determines that such households are located in an area of the State where it is extremely difficult to reach stores selling food and that such households depend to a substantial extent upon hunting and fishing for subsistence, (7) in the case of disabled or blind recipients of benefits under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.], and individuals described in paragraphs (2) through (7) of subsection (j), who are residents in a public or private nonprofit group living arrangement that serves no more than sixteen residents and is certified by the appropriate State agency or agencies under regulations issued under section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)] or under standards determined by the Secretary to be comparable to standards implemented by appropriate State agencies under such section, meals prepared and served under such arrangement, (8) in the case of women and children temporarily residing in public or private nonprofit shelters for battered women and children, meals prepared and served, by such shelters, and (9) in the case of households that do not reside in permanent dwellings and households that have no fixed mailing addresses, meals prepared for and served by a public or private nonprofit establishment (approved by an appropriate State or local agency) that feeds such individuals and by private establishments that contract with the appropriate agency of the State to offer meals for such individuals at concessional prices subject to section 2018(h) of this title.

(l) "Homeless individual" means—

(1) an individual who lacks a fixed and regular nighttime residence; or

(2) an individual who has a primary nighttime residence that is—

(A) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter (including a welfare hotel or congregate shelter) designed to provide temporary living accommodations;

(B) an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized;

(C) a temporary accommodation for not more than 90 days in the residence of another individual; or

(D) a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.

(m)(1) "Household" means—

(A) an individual who lives alone or who, while living with others, customarily purchases food and prepares meals for home consumption separate and apart from the others; or

(B) a group of individuals who live together and customarily purchase food and prepare meals together for home consumption.

(2) Spouses who live together, parents and their children 21 years of age or younger who live together, and children (excluding foster children) under 18 years of age who live with and are under the parental control of a person other than their parent together with the person exercising parental control shall be treated as a group of individuals who customarily purchase and prepare meals together for home consumption even if they do not do so.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an individual who lives with others, who is sixty years of age or older, and who is unable to purchase food and prepare meals because such individual suffers, as certified by a licensed physician, from a disability which would be considered a permanent disability under section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i)) or from a severe, permanent, and disabling physical or mental infirmity which is not symptomatic of a disease shall be considered, together with any of the others who is the spouse of such individual, an individual household, without regard to the purchase of food and preparation of meals, if the income (as determined under section 2014(d) of this title) of the others, excluding the spouse, does not exceed the poverty line, as described in section 2014(c)(1) of this title, by more than 65 per centum.

(4) In no event shall any individual or group of individuals constitute a household if they reside in an institution or boarding house, or else live with others and pay compensation to the others for meals.

(5) For the purposes of this subsection, the following persons shall not be considered to be residents of institutions and shall be considered to be individual households:

(A) Residents of federally subsidized housing for the elderly, disabled or blind recipients of benefits under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq., 401 et seq., 1201 et seq., 1351 et seq., 1381 et seq.].

(B) Individuals described in paragraphs (2) through (7) of subsection (j), who are residents in a public or private nonprofit group living arrangement that serves no more than sixteen residents and is certified by the appropriate State agency or agencies under regulations issued under section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(e)] or under standards determined by the Secretary to be comparable to standards implemented by appropriate State agencies under that section.

(C) Temporary residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for battered women and children.

(D) Residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for individuals who do not reside in permanent dwellings or have no fixed mailing addresses, who are otherwise eligible for benefits.

(E) Narcotics addicts or alcoholics, together with their children, who live under the supervision of a private nonprofit institution, or a publicly operated community mental health center, for the purpose of regular participation in a drug or alcoholic treatment program.

(n) "Reservation" means the geographically defined area or areas over which a tribal organization exercises governmental jurisdiction.

(o) "Retail food store" means—

(1) an establishment, house-to-house trade route, or online entity that sells food for home preparation and consumption and—

(A) offers for sale, on a continuous basis, a variety of at least 7 foods in each of the 4 categories of staple foods specified in subsection (q)(1), including perishable foods in at least 3 of the categories; or

(B) has over 50 percent of the total sales of the establishment or route in staple foods,

as determined by visual inspection, sales records, purchase records, counting of stockkeeping units, or other inventory or accounting recordkeeping methods that are customary or reasonable in the retail food industry;

(2) an establishment, organization, program, or group living arrangement referred to in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (7), (8), and (9) of subsection (k);

(3) a store purveying the hunting and fishing equipment described in subsection (k)(6);

(4) any private nonprofit cooperative food purchasing venture, including those in which the members pay for food purchased prior to the receipt of such food, or agricultural producers who market agricultural products directly to consumers; and

(5) a governmental or private nonprofit food purchasing and delivery service that—

(A) purchases food for, and delivers the food to, individuals who are—

(i) unable to shop for food; and

(ii)(I) not less than 60 years of age; or

(II) physically or mentally handicapped or otherwise disabled;

(B) clearly notifies the participating household at the time the household places a food order—

(i) of any delivery fee associated with the food purchase and delivery provided to the household by the service; and

(ii) that a delivery fee cannot be paid with benefits provided under supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

(C) sells food purchased for the household at the price paid by the service for the food and without any additional cost markup.

(p) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(q)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), "staple foods" means foods in the following categories:

(A) Meat, poultry, or fish.

(B) Bread or cereals.

(C) Vegetables or fruits.

(D) Dairy products.

(2) "Staple foods" do not include accessory food items, such as coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated and uncarbonated drinks, candy, condiments, and spices.

(r) "State" means the fifty States, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the reservations of an Indian tribe whose tribal organization meets the requirements of this chapter for participation as a State agency.

(s) "State agency" means (1) the agency of State government, including the local offices thereof, which has the responsibility for the administration of the federally aided public assistance programs within such State, and in those States where such assistance programs are operated on a decentralized basis, the term shall include the counterpart local agencies administering such programs, and (2) the tribal organization of an Indian tribe determined by the Secretary to be capable of effectively administering a food distribution program under section 2013(b) of this title or a supplemental nutrition assistance program under section 2020(d) of this title.

(t) "Supplemental nutrition assistance program" means the program operated pursuant to this chapter.

(u) "Thrifty food plan" means the diet required to feed a family of four persons consisting of a man and a woman twenty through fifty, a child six through eight, and a child nine through eleven years of age, determined in accordance with the Secretary's calculations. By 2022 and at 5-year intervals thereafter, the Secretary shall re-evaluate and publish the market baskets of the thrifty food plan based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance. The cost of such diet shall be the basis for uniform allotments for all households regardless of their actual composition, except that the Secretary shall—

(1) make household-size adjustments (based on the unrounded cost of such diet) taking into account economies of scale;

(2) make cost adjustments in the thrifty food plan for Hawaii and the urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska;

(3) make cost adjustments in the separate thrifty food plans for Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States to reflect the cost of food in those States, but not to exceed the cost of food in the fifty States and the District of Columbia; and

(4) on October 1, 1996, and each October 1 thereafter, adjust the cost of the diet to reflect the cost of the diet in the preceding June, and round the result to the nearest lower dollar increment for each household size, except that on October 1, 1996, the Secretary may not reduce the cost of the diet in effect on September 30, 1996, and except that on October 1, 2003, in the case of households residing in Alaska and Hawaii the Secretary may not reduce the cost of such diet in effect on September 30, 2002.

(v) "Tribal organization" means the recognized governing body of an Indian tribe (including the tribally recognized intertribal organization of such tribes), as the term "Indian tribe" is defined in section 5304 of title 25, as well as any Indian tribe, band, or community holding a treaty with a State government.

(Pub. L. 88–525, §3, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 91–671, §2, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2048; Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §411(a), (b), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1491; Pub. L. 93–86, §3(a)–(c), (l), (o), (p), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 246, 248, 249; Pub. L. 93–125, §1(h), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 94–339, §4, July 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 801; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIII, §§1301, 1302(a)(1), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 958, 979; Pub. L. 96–58, §§3, 7, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 390, 392; Pub. L. 96–181, §15(b), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1316; Pub. L. 96–249, title I, §§101(a), 111, 135, May 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 357, 360, 369; Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §§101–103, 108(a), 116(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 358, 361, 364; Pub. L. 97–98, title XII, §§1302–1304, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1282; Pub. L. 97–253, title I, §§142, 143(a), 144, 145(a), (b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 772–774; Pub. L. 98–204, §3, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1385; Pub. L. 99–198, title XV, §§1501(a), 1502–1504, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 99–570, title XI, §11002(a)–(c), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–167, 3207–168; Pub. L. 100–77, title VIII, §§801, 802(a), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 533, 534; Pub. L. 100–435, title I, §120, title III, §350, Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1655, 1664; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVII, §§1712, 1713(a), 1747(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3783, 3796; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102–237, title IX, §§901, 941(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1884, 1891; Pub. L. 102–351, §1, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 937; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §§13931, 13932, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 103–225, title I, §101(b)(1), title II, §201, Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 107, 108; Pub. L. 103–354, title III, §303(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3239; Pub. L. 104–193, title VIII, §§801–805, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2308, 2309; Pub. L. 107–171, title IV, §§4112(b)(1), 4115(b)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 312, 315; Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §771(a), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 40; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §§4001(b), 4115(b)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1092, 1105; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §§4001(b), 4115(b)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1853, 1866; Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §§4001, 4002(a), 4003(a), 4012, 4014(c), 4030(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 782, 784, 793, 794, 813; Pub. L. 115–334, title IV, §§4001(a), 4002, 4003(c), 4022(1), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4624, 4627, 4653.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (c), (j), (k), and (m)(5)(A), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Titles I, II, X, XIV, XVI, XVIII, and XIX of the Social Security Act are classified generally to subchapters I (§301 et seq.), II (§401 et seq.), X (§1201 et seq.), XIV (§1351 et seq.), XVI (§1381 et seq.), XVIII (§1395 et seq.), and XIX (§1396 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (h), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682. Part B of title XIX of the Act is classified generally to part B (§300x et seq.) of subchapter XVII of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (j)(7), is act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as amended generally by Pub. L. 93–445, title I, §101, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 45, Railroads. For further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of Title 45, section 231t of Title 45, and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §4022(1)(A), substituted "section 2016(h)" for "section 2016(i)".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–334, §4022(1)(A), substituted "section 2016(h)" for "section 2016(i)".

Subsec. (o)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §4001(a), substituted "establishment, house-to-house trade route, or online entity" for "establishment or house-to-house trade route" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (o)(1)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §4022(1)(B), substituted "subsection (q)(1)" for "subsection (r)(1)".

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 115–334, §4002, inserted in introductory provisions "By 2022 and at 5-year intervals thereafter, the Secretary shall re-evaluate and publish the market baskets of the thrifty food plan based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance."

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 115–334, §4003(c), substituted "section 5304 of title 25" for "the Indian Self-Determination Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(b))".

2014—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(1), substituted "coupon" for "coupon," before period at end.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 113–79, §4014(c), inserted "subject to section 2018(h) of this title" after "concessional prices" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §4001, substituted "hot foods" for "and hot foods" and inserted at end "and any deposit fee in excess of the amount of the State fee reimbursement (if any) required to purchase any food or food product contained in a returnable bottle or can, regardless of whether the fee is included in the shelf price posted for the food or food product,".

Subsec. (k)(7). Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(2), substituted "and individuals" for "or are individuals".

Subsec. (l) to (o). Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(3), (4), redesignated subsecs. (m) to (p) as (l) to (o), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (l) which read as follows: " 'Supplemental nutrition assistance program' means the program operated pursuant to the provisions of this chapter."

Subsec. (o)(4). Pub. L. 113–79, §4012, inserted ", or agricultural producers who market agricultural products directly to consumers" after "such food".

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(4), redesignated subsec. (q) as (p). Former subsec. (p) redesignated (o).

Subsec. (p)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, §4002(a), inserted "at least 7" after "a variety of" and substituted "at least 3" for "at least 2".

Subsec. (p)(5). Pub. L. 113–79, §4003(a), added par. (5).

Subsecs. (q) to (s). Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(4), redesignated subsecs. (r) to (t) as (q) to (s), respectively. Former subsec. (q) redesignated (p).

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(5), added subsec. (t).

Pub. L. 113–79, §4030(a)(4), redesignated subsec. (t) as (s).

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(M), redesignated subsecs. (a) to (v) as (b), (d), (f), (g), (e), (h), (k), (l), (n), (o), (p), (q), (s), (t), (u), (v), (c), (j), (m), (a), (r), and (i), respectively.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(A), substituted "benefits" for "coupons".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: " 'Authorization card' means the document issued by the State agency to an eligible household which shows the allotment the household is entitled to be issued."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(C), substituted "benefits" for "authorization cards" in first sentence.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(D), struck out "or access device, including an electronic benefit transfer card or personal identification number, issued pursuant to the provisions of this chapter" before period at end.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(E), inserted heading and substituted "The term 'benefit issuer' means" for " 'Coupon issuer' means" and "benefits" for "coupons".

Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(F), substituted "subsection (j)" for "subsection (r)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–246, §4001(b), which directed the substitution of "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program" wherever appearing, was executed by substituting "Supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "Food stamp program", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (i)(5)(B). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(G)(i), substituted "subsection (j)" for "subsection (r)".

Subsec. (i)(5)(D). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(G)(ii), substituted "benefits" for "coupons".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(H), struck out "(as that term is defined in subsection (p) of this section)" after "tribal organization".

Subsec. (k)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(I)(i), substituted "subsection (r)(1)" for "subsection (u)(1)".

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(I)(ii), substituted "paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (7), (8), and (9) of subsection (k)" for "subsections (g)(3), (4), (5), (7), (8), and (9) of this section".

Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(I)(iii), substituted "subsection (k)(6)" for "subsection (g)(6) of this section".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 110–246, §4001(b), substituted "supplemental nutrition assistance program" for "food stamp program".

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(J), inserted ", including point of sale devices," after "other means of access".

Subsec. (u)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(K), struck out "(as defined in subsection (g) of this section)" after "foods" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 110–246, §4115(b)(1)(L), added subsec. (v).

2004—Subsec. (o)(4). Pub. L. 108–199 inserted before period at end ", and except that on October 1, 2003, in the case of households residing in Alaska and Hawaii the Secretary may not reduce the cost of such diet in effect on September 30, 2002".

2002—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–171, §4115(b)(1), inserted at end "The limits specified in this subsection may be extended until the end of any transitional benefit period established under section 2020(s) of this title."

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 107–171, §4112(b)(1)(A), (B), designated first sentence as par. (1) and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B) of par. (1), respectively.

Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 107–171, §4112(b)(1)(C), designated second sentence as par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated subpar. (B) of par. (1).

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §4112(b)(1)(D), (E), designated third sentence as par. (3) and substituted "Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2)" for "Notwithstanding the preceding sentences".

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 107–171, §4112(b)(1)(F), designated fourth sentence as par. (4).

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 107–171, §4112(b)(1)(G), (H), designated fifth sentence as par. (5), substituted "For the purposes of this subsection, the following persons shall not be considered to be residents of institutions and shall be considered to be individual households:" for "For the purposes of this subsection,", restructured the remainder of that sentence into five sentences and designated them as subpars. (A) to (E) respectively, and struck out "shall not be considered residents of institutions and shall be considered individual households" at end.

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–193, §801, substituted second and third sentences containing provisions relating to limits on certification period and requirement of yearly contact with household for provisions setting limits to certification period for households required to submit periodic reports, households whose members all receive federal assistance grant, households of unemployable, elderly or primarily self-employed individuals, and all other households, and allowing waivers.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–193, §802, substituted "type of certificate, authorization card, cash or check issued in lieu of a coupon, or access device, including an electronic benefit transfer card or personal identification number," for "or type of certificate".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–193, §803, in second sentence, struck out "(who are not themselves parents living with their children or married and living with their spouses)" after "age or younger".

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 104–193, §804, in second sentence, substituted "the Secretary shall—" for "the Secretary shall", realigned margins of pars. (1) to (3), substituted semicolon for comma at end of pars. (1) and (2) and "; and" for comma at end of par. (3), added par. (4), and struck out former pars. (4) to (11) which authorized adjustment of cost of thrifty food plan diet to reflect changes in cost of food constituting diet for period from Jan. 1, 1980, to Oct. 1, 1990, and each Oct. 1 thereafter, and prohibited Secretary from reducing cost of such diet on Oct. 1, 1992, and, in case of households residing in Alaska, on Oct. 1, 1994.

Subsec. (s)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104–193, §805, inserted "for not more than 90 days" after "temporary accommodation".

1994—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–225, §101(b)(1), substituted "Except as provided in section 2015(c)(1)(C) of this title, for" for "For".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 103–225, §201(1), realigned margins of pars. (1) to (4), substituted semicolon for comma at end of pars. (2) and (3), and substituted "means—" for "means" and par. (1) for former par. (1) which read as follows: "an establishment or recognized department thereof or house-to-house trade route, over 50 per centum of whose food sales volume, as determined by visual inspection, sales records, purchase records, or other inventory or accounting recordkeeping methods that are customary or reasonable in the retail food industry, consists of staple food items for home preparation and consumption, such as meat, poultry, fish, bread, cereals, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and the like, but not including accessory food items, such as coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated and uncarbonated drinks, candy, condiments, and spices,".

Subsec. (o)(11). Pub. L. 103–354 inserted "and (in the case of households residing in Alaska) on October 1, 1994," after "1992,".

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 103–225, §201(2), added subsec. (u).

1993—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 103–66, §13932(2), inserted ", and their children," after "or alcoholics".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 103–66, §13932(1), in last sentence inserted ", together with their children," after "narcotics addicts or alcoholics".

Pub. L. 103–66, §13931, in first sentence, substituted "or (2) a group of individuals" for "(2) a group of individuals" and substituted a period for ", " after end of cl. (2), inserted "Spouses who live together, parents and their children 21 years of age or younger (who are not themselves parents living with their children or married and living with their spouses) who live together, and children (excluding foster children) under 18 years of age who live with and are under the parental control of a person other than their parent together with the person exercising parental control" before "shall be treated as a group of individuals" to create new second sentence and struck out ", unless one of the parents, or siblings, is an elderly or disabled member" after "if they do not do so", and in next sentence substituted "Notwithstanding the preceding sentences" for "Notwithstanding clause (1) of the preceding sentence".

1992—Subsec. (o)(11). Pub. L. 102–351 inserted before period at end ", except that on October 1, 1992, the Secretary may not reduce the cost of such diet".

1991—Subsecs. (g)(7), (i). Pub. L. 102–237, §901, inserted ", or are individuals described in paragraphs (2) through (7) of subsection (r)," after "title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–237, §941(1)(A), made technical amendment to reference to subsection (p) of this section involving corresponding provision of original act.

Subsec. (o)(6). Pub. L. 102–237, §941(1)(B), substituted "percent" for "per centun" [sic].

Subsec. (r)(6)(A). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted "section 1314 of title 38" for "section 414 of title 38".

Subsecs. (t), (u). Pub. L. 102–237, §941(1)(C), redesignated subsec. (u) as (t).

1990—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 101–624, §1712(a)(1), substituted "or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI" for "under title XVI".

Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 101–624, §1712(a)(2), substituted "title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI" for "title II or title XVI", and inserted "or under standards determined by the Secretary to be comparable to standards implemented by appropriate State agencies under such section".

Subsec. (g)(9). Pub. L. 101–624, §1713(a), substituted "individuals and by private establishments that contract with the appropriate agency of the State to offer meals for such individuals at concessional prices" for "individuals and by a public or private nonprofit shelter (approved by an appropriate State or local agency) in which such households temporarily reside (except that such establishments and shelters may only request voluntary use of food stamps by such individuals and may not request such households to pay more than the average cost of the food contained in a meal served by the establishment or shelter)."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–624, §1712(b), substituted "title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI" for "title II or title XVI", and inserted "or under standards determined by the Secretary to be comparable to standards implemented by appropriate State agencies under such section".

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 101–624, §1747(b), added subsec. (u).

1988—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 100–435, §120, inserted "through October 1, 1987" in cl. (8) and substituted cls. (9) to (11) for proviso that periods upon which adjustments are based would be subject to revision by Act of Congress.

Subsec. (r)(2). Pub. L. 100–435, §350, amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "receives supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), federally or State administered supplemental benefits of the type described in section 1616(a) of the Social Security Act if the Secretary determines that such benefits are conditioned on meeting the disability or blindness criteria used under title XVI of the Social Security Act, or federally or State administered supplemental benefits of the type described in section 212(a) of Public Law 93–66 (42 U.S.C. 1382 note);".

1987—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–77, §802(a), substituted "(2)" for "or (2)", inserted cl. (3), and inserted "(other than as provided in clause (3))" after "except that".

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 100–77, §801, added subsec. (s).

1986—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–570, §11002(a), substituted "(8), and (9)" for "and (8)" in cl. (1) and added cl. (9).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–570, §11002(b), inserted "residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for individuals who do not reside in permanent dwellings or have no fixed mailing addresses, who are otherwise eligible for coupons,".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–570, §11002(c), substituted "(8), and (9)" for "and (8)".

1985—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–198, §1501(a)(1), substituted ", or a publicly operated community mental health center, under part B of title XIX of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300x et seq.) to provide" for "which is certified by the State agency or agencies designated by the Governor as responsible for the administration of the State's programs for alcoholics and drug addicts pursuant to Public Law 91–616 (Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1970) and Public Law 92–255 (Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act) as providing".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–198, §1501(a)(2), inserted ", or a publicly operated community mental health center," after "private nonprofit institution" in last sentence.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–198, §1502, inserted ", as determined by visual inspection, sales records, purchase records, or other inventory or accounting recordkeeping methods that are customary or reasonable in the retail food industry," in cl. (1).

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 99–198, §1503, substituted "fifty" for "fifty-four".

Subsec. (r)(2). Pub. L. 99–198, §1504(1), inserted ", federally or State administered supplemental benefits of the type described in section 1616(a) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1382e(a)] if the Secretary determines that such benefits are conditioned on meeting the disability or blindness criteria used under title XVI of the Social Security Act, or federally or State administered supplemental benefits of the type described in section 212(a) of Public Law 93–66 (42 U.S.C. 1382 note)".

Subsec. (r)(3). Pub. L. 99–198, §1504(2), inserted "or receives disability retirement benefits from a governmental agency because of a disability considered permanent under section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i))".

Subsec. (r)(4)(A). Pub. L. 99–198, §1504(3), inserted "or non-service-connected" after "service-connected".

Subsec. (r)(7). Pub. L. 99–198, §1504(4)–(6), added par. (7).

1983—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–204, §3(1), substituted "the foregoing limits on the certification period may, with the approval of the Secretary, be waived by a State agency for certain categories of households where such waiver will improve the administration of the program" for "the limit of twelve months may be waived by the Secretary to improve the administration of the program" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98–204, §3(2), inserted provision that "The maximum limit of twelve months for such period under the foregoing proviso may be waived by the Secretary where such waiver will improve the administration of the program."

1982—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–253, §§142, 145(b), substituted "except that parents and children, or siblings, who live together shall be treated as a group of individuals who customarily purchase and prepare meals together for home consumption even if they do not do so, unless one of the parents, or siblings, is an elderly or disabled member" for "except that parents and children who live together shall be treated as a group of individuals who customarily purchase and prepare meals together for home consumption even if they do not do so, unless one of the parents is sixty years of age or older, or receives supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act", and inserted provision that notwithstanding cl. (1) of the preceding sentence, an individual who lives with others, who is sixty years of age or older, and who is unable to purchase food and prepare meals because such individual suffers, as certified by a licensed physician, from a disability which would be considered a permanent disability under section 221(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 421(i)) or from a severe, permanent, and disabling physical or mental infirmity which is not symptomatic of a disease shall be considered, together with any of the others who is the spouse of such individual, an individual household, without regard to the purchase of food and preparation of meals, if the income (as determined under section 2014(d) of this title) of the others, excluding the spouse, does not exceed the poverty line, as described in section 2014(c)(1) of this title, by more than 65 per centum.

Subsec. (o)(1). Pub. L. 97–253, §143(a)(1), substituted "adjustments (based on the unrounded cost of such diet)" for "adjustments".

Subsec. (o)(6). Pub. L. 97–253, §§143(a)(2), 144, substituted provisions requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1982, to adjust the cost of the diet to reflect changes in the cost of the thrifty food plan for the twenty-one months ending June 30, 1982, reduce the cost of such diet by one per centum, and round the result to the nearest lower dollar increment for each household size for former provision requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1982, to adjust the cost of such diet to the nearest dollar increment to reflect the changes in the cost of the thrifty food plan for the twenty-one months ending on June 30, 1982.

Subsec. (o)(7). Pub. L. 97–253, §§143(a)(2), 144, substituted provisions requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1983, and Oct. 1, 1984, to adjust the cost of the diet to reflect changes in the cost of the thrifty food plan for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30, reduce the cost of such diet by one per centum, and round the result to the nearest lower dollar increment for each household size for former provision requiring the Secretary, on Oct. 1, 1983, and each Oct. 1 thereafter, to adjust the cost of such diet to the nearest dollar increment to reflect changes in the cost of the thrifty food plan for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30.

Subsec. (o)(8). Pub. L. 97–253, §§143(a)(2), 144, added and amended par. (8).

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 97–253, §145(a), added subsec. (r).

1981—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–35, §108(a), inserted provisions respecting waiver of twelve-month period for improvement of program.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–98, §1302, inserted provision relating to supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act or disability or blindness payments under title I, II, X, XIV, or XVI of the Social Security Act.

Pub. L. 97–35, §§101, 102, inserted provisions relating to treatment as a group of parents and children who live together, and restructured provisions respecting living with others and paying compensation for meals.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 97–35, §116(a)(1), struck out reference to Puerto Rico.

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 97–98, §§1303, 1304, substituted in cl. (2) "Hawaii and the urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska" for "Alaska and Hawaii to reflect the cost of food in those States", in cl. (6) provision that on Oct. 1, 1982, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the twenty-one months ending the preceding June 30, 1982, for provision that on Apr. 1, 1982, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the fifteen months ending the preceding Dec. 31, in cl. (7) provision that on Oct. 1, 1983, and each Oct. 1 thereafter, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30, for provision that on July 1, 1983, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the fifteen months ending the preceding Mar. 31, struck out cl. (8) which provided that on Oct. 1, 1984, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the fifteen months ending the preceding June 30, and struck out cl. (9) which provided that on Oct. 1, 1985, and each Oct. 1 thereafter, the Secretary adjust the cost of such diet to reflect changes for the twelve months ending the preceding June 30, and, as of every Jan. 1 thereafter, for the nine months ending the preceding Sept. 30 and the subsequent three months ending Dec. 31 as projected by the Secretary in light of the best available data, and inserted provision that the periods upon which adjustments are based be subject to revision by Act of Congress.

Pub. L. 97–35, §§103, 116(a)(1) struck out applicability to Puerto Rico in clause (3), substituted provisions respecting adjustments on Apr. 1, 1982, for provisions respecting adjustments on Jan. 1, 1982, in cl. (6), and added cls. (7) to (9).

1980—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–249, §111, inserted provisions requiring that for those households that are required to submit periodic reports under section 2015(c)(1) of this title, the certification period be at least six months but no longer than twelve months.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–181 substituted "Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act" for "Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–249, §101(a)(1)–(3), substituted "(7), and (8)" for "and (7)" in cl. (1) and added cl. (8).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96–249, §101(a)(4), inserted "temporary residents of public or private nonprofit shelters for battered women and children," after "section 1616(e) of the Social Security Act,".

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 96–249, §101(a)(5), substituted "(7), and (8)" for "and (7)".

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 96–249, §135, inserted "through January 1, 1980," before "adjust the cost" in cl. (4) and added cls. (5) and (6).

1979—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–58, §7(1)–(3), substituted "clauses (3), (4), (5), and (7)" for "clauses (3), (4), and (5)" and added cl. (7) relating to disabled or blind recipients of benefits who are residents in certain public or private nonprofit group living arrangements.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96–58, §7(4), (5), inserted provisions relating to disabled or blind recipients of benefits who are residents in certain public or private nonprofit group living arrangements and inserted provisions that all residents of federally subsidized housing for the elderly, disabled or blind recipients of benefits, and narcotic addicts or alcoholics who live under the supervision of a private nonprofit institution for the purpose of regular participation in a drug or alcoholic treatment program be considered individual households.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–58, §7(6), inserted reference to group living arrangements referred to in subsec. (g)(7) of this section in cl. (2).

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 96–58, §3, added subsec. (q).

1977—Pub. L. 95–113 redefined terms "Secretary", "food", "coupon", "household", "retail food store", "State agency", "State", "food stamp program", and "drug addiction or alcoholic treatment and rehabilitation program" and changed designations of those terms, as thus redefined, from subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (h), (j), (k), and (n), respectively, to (l), (g), (d), (i), (k), (n), (m), (h), and (f), substituted definitions of "allotment", "authorization card", and "coupon issuer" for "coupon allotment", "authorization to purchase card", and "coupon vendor", respectively, and changed designations of those terms as thus substituted from subsecs. (d), (m), and (o), respectively, to (a), (b), and (e), struck out definitions of "wholesale food concern", "bank", and "elderly person" which had been set out, respectively, in subsecs. (g), (i), and (l), and inserted definitions of "certification period", "reservation", "thrifty food plan", and "tribal organization" in subsecs. (c), (j), (o), and (p), respectively.

1976—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 94–339 added subsec. (o).

1973—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–86, §3(l), substituted "home" for "human" and substituted provisions including in definition of "food" seeds and plants for use in gardens to produce food for the personal consumption of the eligible household, for provisions excluding from such definition foods identified on the package as imported and imported meat and meat products.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–125 substituted "foregoing" for "foreoging".

Pub. L. 93–86, §3(a), (b), (p), inserted provision of cl. (3) relating to inclusion of narcotic addict or alcoholic within definition of "household" and provision relating to residents of federally subsidized housing for the elderly, and substituted provisions relating to the treatment of individuals receiving supplemental security income benefits under subchapter XVI of chapter 7 of title 42, for provisions relating to the treatment of persons eligible to receive supplemental security income benefits under subchapter XVI of chapter 7 of title 42.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–86, §3(o), inserted references to nonprofit institution and section 2019(i) of this title.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 93–86, §3(c), added subsec. (n).

1972—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–603, §411(a), inserted provision that persons eligible or would be eligible to receive supplemental security income benefits under sections 1381 to 1383c of Title 42, may not be considered as members of a household or elderly persons under this chapter.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 92–603, §411(b), substituted provisions defining State agency as the agency designated by the Secretary for carrying out this chapter in such state, for provisions defining it as the agency having the responsibility for the administration of the federally aided public assistance program.

1971—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–671, §2(a), substituted in definition of "household", "related individuals (including legally adopted children and legally assigned foster children) or non-related individuals over age 60 who are not residents" for "related or non-related individuals, who are not residents", designated existing provisions as cl. (1), and added cl. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–671, §2(b), included in definition of "retail food store" a political subdivision or a private nonprofit organization that meets requirements of section 2019(h) of this title.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 91–671, §2(c), included in definition of "State" Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 91–671, §2(d), added subsec. (l).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–671, §2(e), added subsec. (m).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4002(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1098, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4002(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1859, provided that: "Any reference in any Federal, State, tribal, or local law (including regulations) to the 'food stamp program' established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) shall be considered to be a reference to the 'supplemental nutrition assistance program' established under that Act."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4115(d), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1110, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4115(d), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1871, provided that: "Any reference in any Federal, State, tribal, or local law (including regulations) to a 'coupon', 'authorization card', or other access device provided under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) shall be considered to be a reference to a 'benefit' provided under that Act."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by sections 4001(b) and 4115(b)(1) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §771(b), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 40, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective beginning on September 30, 2003."

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–171 effective Oct. 1, 2002, except as otherwise provided, see section 4405 of Pub. L. 107–171, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–354, title III, §303(b), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3239, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective beginning on September 30, 1994."

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective, and to be implemented beginning on, Sept. 1, 1994, see section 13971(b)(4) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 2025 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–237 effective and to be implemented no later than Feb. 1, 1992, see section 1101(d)(1) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–624, title XVII, §1781, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3817, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and other provisions of this title, this title [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 2011 of this title] and the amendments made by this title shall become effective and implemented the 1st day of the month beginning 120 days after the publication of implementing regulations. Such regulations shall be promulgated not later than October 1, 1991.

"(b) Special Effective Dates.—

"(1) October 1, 1990.—The amendments made by sections 1721, 1730, 1750, 1754, 1760(1)(A), 1761, 1762, 1771(a), 1771(d), 1772(c), 1772(f), 1772(g), and 1776 [amending sections 2014, 2017, 2025 to 2028, 3175, and 3175e of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 612c of this title] shall be effective on October 1, 1990.

"(2) Date of enactment.—The amendments made by sections 1718, 1729, 1731, 1739, 1742, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1751, 1753, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1760(1)(B) and (2), 1763, 1771(b), 1771(c), 1772(a), 1772(b), 1772(d), 1772(h), 1773, 1774(a)(1), 1774(b), 1774(c), 1775(a), 1775(b), 1777, 1778, and 1779 [enacting section 2032 of this title, amending this section, sections 1431, 1431e, 2014, 2016, 2020, 2022, and 2024 to 2027 of this title and section 9904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2011, 2020, and 2025 of this title and section 1751 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 612c of this title] shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990].

"(3) April 1, 1991.—The amendments made by sections 1716, 1722, and 1736(2) [amending sections 2014 and 2020 of this title] shall become effective and implemented the 1st day of the month beginning 120 days after the promulgation of implementing regulations. Such regulations shall be promulgated not later than April 1, 1991.

"(4) Categorical eligibility.—The amendment made by section 1714(2) [amending section 2014 of this title] shall become effective and implemented the 1st day of the month beginning 120 days after the promulgation of implementing regulations. Such regulations shall be promulgated—

"(A) in the case of a State general assistance program, not later than October 1, 1991; and

"(B) in the case of a local general assistance program, not later than April 1, 1992."

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–435, title VII, §701, Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1677, as amended by Pub. L. 100–619, §1, Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3198; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(A), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1095, 1096; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(A), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, provided that:

"(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided for in section 503 [set out as a note under section 1766 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] and in subsection (b) of this section, this Act and the amendments made by this Act [amending sections 2012, 2014 to 2017, 2020 to 2023, 2025, and 2026 of this title, section 713a–14 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and sections 1761, 1766, 1773, and 1786 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 612c and 2011 of this title and sections 1766 and 1786 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 612c, 1731, and 2012 of this title] shall become effective and be implemented on October 1, 1988.

"(b) Special Rules.—

"(1) The amendments made by sections 101, 103, 301, 321(c), 343, and 401 [amending sections 2014 and 2025 of this title and amending provisions set out as a note under section 612c of this title] shall become effective and be implemented on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 1988].

"(2) The amendments made by section 402 [amending section 2014 of this title] shall become effective and be implemented on January 1, 1989.

"(3)(A) The amendments made by section 203(a) [amending section 2017 of this title] shall become effective on January 1, 1989, and the States shall implement such section by January 1, 1990.

"(B) The amendments made by section 203(b) [amending section 2016 of this title] shall become effective on January 1, 1989, except with regards to those States not implementing section 203(a).

"(4) The amendments made by sections 204, 210, 211, subsections (a)(1), (c), and (e) of section 404, sections 310 through 343, and sections 345 through 352 [amending sections 2012, 2014, 2015, 2020, and 2025 of this title and sections 1766 and 1773 of Title 42] shall become effective and implemented on July 1, 1989.

"(5) The amendments made by title VI [amending sections 2022, 2023, and 2025 of this title] shall be effective as follows:

"(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the provisions of section 16(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended by section 604 [section 2025(c) of this title], shall become effective on October 1, 1985, with respect to claims under section 16(c) for quality control review periods after such date, except that—

"(i) the provisions of section 16(c)(1)(A), as amended, shall become effective on October 1, 1988, with respect to payment error rates for quality control review periods after such date; and

"(ii) the provisions of section 16(c)(3), as amended, shall become effective on October 1, 1988, with respect to payment error rates for quality control review periods after such date.

"(B) The amendments made by sections 601 and 602 [amending section 2022 of this title] shall become effective on October 1, 1985, with respect to claims under section 16(c) for quality control review periods after such date.

"(C) Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the amendments made to section 14 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 [section 2023 of this title] by section 603 shall become effective on October 1, 1985, with respect to claims under section 16(c) for quality control review periods after such date.

"(D)(i) The provisions of sections 13, 14, and 16 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 [sections 2022, 2023, and 2025 of this title] that relate to claims against State agencies and that were in effect for any quality control review period or periods through fiscal year 1985 shall remain in effect for claims arising with respect to such period or periods.

"(ii) The provisions of sections 14 and 16(c) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 that relate to enhanced administrative funding for State agencies and that were in effect for any quality control review period or periods through fiscal year 1988 shall remain in effect for such funding with respect to such period or periods.

"(c) Sequestration.—

"(1) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a final order is issued for fiscal year 1989 under section 252(b) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 902(b)), the amount made available to carry out the supplemental nutrition assistance program under section 18 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2027) shall be reduced by an amount equal to $110,000,000 multiplied by the amount of the percentage reduction for domestic programs required under such order. The reduction required by the preceding sentence shall be achieved by reducing the amount of the adjustment to the cost of the thrifty food plan for fiscal year 1989 under [former] section 3(o)(9) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (as added by section 120 of this Act) [former section 2012(o)(9) of this title].

"(2) Effective dates if sequestration occurs.—Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), if a final order is issued under section 252(b) of the Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 902(b)) for fiscal year 1989 to make reductions and sequestrations specified in the report required under section 251(a)(3)(A) of such Act [2 U.S.C. 901(a)(3)(A)], sections 111, 201, 204, 310, 311, 321, 322, 323, 341, 342, 350, 351, 352, 402, 403, 404, 502, 504, and 505 [amending sections 2012, 2014, 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2026 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 612c of this title] shall become effective and be implemented on October 1, 1989."

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–77, title VIII, §802(b), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 534, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall become effective on October 1, 1987."

Effective and Termination Dates of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–570, title XI, §11002(f), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–168, as amended by Pub. L. 100–435, title II, §205, Sept. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1657; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVII, §1713(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3783; Pub. L. 102–237, title IX, §913, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1887, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 2018 and 2019 of this title] shall become effective, and be implemented by issuance of final regulations, not later than April 1, 1987.

"(2) Not later than September 30, 1988, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that evaluates the program established by the amendments made by this section, including any proposed legislative recommendations.

"(3) The amendments made by this section, except those amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) [amending this section], shall cease to be effective after September 30, 1990."

[Amendment by Pub. L. 102–237 to section 11002(f) of Pub. L. 99–570, set out above, effective Oct. 1, 1990, and not applicable with respect to any period occurring before such date, see section 1101(d)(5) of Pub. L. 102–237, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 1421 of this title.]

[Pub. L. 101–624, title XVII, §1713(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3783, provided that the amendment made by section 1713(b) to section 11002(f) of Pub. L. 99–570, set out above, is effective Sept. 29, 1990.]

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–253, title I, §193, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 789, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this subtitle [subtitle E (§§140–193) of title I of Pub. L. 97–253, amending this section and sections 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1624, 2011, and 2028 of this title] and the amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this subtitle [Sept. 8, 1982].

"(b) Sections 180 and 188 [amending sections 2020, 2025, 2027, and 2029 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1982."

Effective Date of 1981 Amendments

Pub. L. 97–253, title I, §192, Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 788, provided that:

"(a) Notwithstanding section 117 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 2012 note) [section 117 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out below], the amendments made by sections 101 through 114 of such Act [amending this section and sections 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2022, and 2025 of this title], other than sections 107(b) and 108(c) of such Act [amending sections 2014 and 2015 of this title], shall take effect on the earlier of the date of the enactment of this subtitle [Sept. 8, 1982] or the date on which such amendments became effective pursuant to section 117 of such Act.

"(b) Notwithstanding section 1338 of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 2012 note) [section 1338 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out below], the amendments made by sections 1302 through 1333 of such Act [enacting section 2029 of this title and amending this section and sections 2014 to 2016, 2018 to 2020, and 2023 to 2027 of this title] shall take effect on the earlier of the date of the enactment of this subtitle [Sept. 8, 1982] or the date on which such amendments became effective pursuant to section 1338 of such Act."

Pub. L. 97–98, title XIII, §1338, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1294, provided that: "Except as otherwise specifically provided, the amendments made by this title [enacting sections 2029 and 2270 of this title, amending this section and sections 2014 to 2016, 2018 to 2020, and 2023 to 2027 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2011 of this title] shall be effective upon such dates as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe, taking into account the need for orderly implementation."

Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §116(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 364, provided that the amendment made by section 116(a) is effective July 1, 1982.

Pub. L. 97–35, title I, §117, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 366, provided that: "Except as otherwise specifically provided, the amendments made by sections 101 through 116 of this Act [amending this section and sections 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2022, and 2025 of this title] shall be effective and implemented upon such dates as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe, taking into account the need for orderly implementation."

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–58, §10, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 392, provided that:

"(a) The provisions of sections 2 and 3 of this Act [amending this section and sections 2014 of this section] shall be implemented in all States by January 1, 1980, and shall not affect the rights or liabilities of the Secretary, States, and applicant or participant households, under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this chapter] in effect on July 1, 1979 [now the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008], until implemented.

"(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture shall issue final regulations implementing the provisions of sections 4 through 6 of this Act [amending sections 2015 and 2025 of this title] within one hundred and fifty days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 1979].

"(c) The provisions of sections 7 and 8 of this Act [amending this section and section 2019 of this title] shall be implemented in all States by July 1, 1980, and shall not affect the rights or liabilities of the Secretary, States, and applicant or participating households, under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [this chapter] in effect on July 1, 1979 [now the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008], until implemented."

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title XIII, §1301, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 958, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Oct. 1, 1977.

Pub. L. 95–113, title XIII, §1302(b), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 979, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [repealing section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93–86 as described in the Repeals note below and amending section 1431 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 612c of this title and 1382e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall be effective October 1, 1977."

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment of section 8(a) of Pub. L. 93–233 by section 1(a), (b) of Pub. L. 93–335, effective July 1, 1974, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 93–335, set out as a note under section 1382 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See Repeals note below.

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §411(a), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1491, provided that the amendment made by section 411(a) is effective January 1, 1974.

Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §411(h), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1492, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this section, the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 2019 and 2023 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1973."

Repeals

Pub. L. 93–86, §3(b), Aug. 10, 1978, 87 Stat. 246, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed, effective Oct. 1, 1977, by section 1302(a)(1) of Pub. L. 95–113. Section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93–86 had amended the definition of "household" in 1973 to exclude individuals receiving supplementary security income benefits under title XVI of the Social Security Act in certain months. For the period beginning Jan. 1, 1974, and ending September 30, 1978, Pub. L. 93–233, §8(a), Dec. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 956, as amended by Pub. L. 93–335, §1(a), (b), July 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 291; Pub. L. 94–44, §3, June 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 94–365, §2, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 990; Pub. L. 95–59, §3, June 30, 1977, 91 Stat. 255, provided that the amendment by section 3(b) of Pub. L. 93–86 should not be effective and that the definition of "household" should read as it did before such amendment but with the addition of a new sentence to exclude individuals receiving certain Federal or State supplementary payments under certain circumstances.

Regulations

Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4003(b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 785, provided that:

"(1) Issuance of rules.—The Secretary [of Agriculture] shall issue regulations that—

"(A) establish criteria to identify a food purchasing and delivery service referred to in section 3(p)(5) [now 3(o)(5)] of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(p)(5) [now 2012(o)(5)]); and

"(B) establish procedures to ensure that the service—

"(i) does not charge more for a food item than the price paid by the service for the food item;

"(ii) offers food delivery service at no or low cost to households under that Act [7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.];

"(iii) ensures that benefits provided under the supplemental nutrition assistance program are used only to purchase food (as defined in section 3 of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2012));

"(iv) limits the purchase of food, and the delivery of the food, to households eligible to receive services described in section 3(p)(5) [now 3(o)(5)] of that Act (7 U.S.C. 2012(p)(5) [now 2012(o)(5)]);

"(v) has established adequate safeguards against fraudulent activities, including unauthorized use of electronic benefit cards issued under that Act; and

"(vi) meets such other requirements as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

"(2) Limitation.—Before the issuance of rules under paragraph (1), the Secretary may not approve more than 20 food purchasing and delivery services referred to in section 3(p)(5) [now 3(o)(5)] of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(p)(5) [now 2012(o)(5)]) to participate as retail food stores under the supplemental nutrition assistance program."

Extension of Existing SNAP Flexibilities for COVID–19

Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title VI, §4603(a)(1), (2), Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 745, 746, as amended by Pub. L. 116–260, div. N, title VII, §702(g), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2094, provided that:

"(1) State options.—

"(A) A State agency (as defined in section 3(s) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(s))) shall have the option, without prior approval from the Secretary of Agriculture—

"(i) to extend certification periods under section 3(f) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012(f)) for not more than 6 months and adjust periodic report requirements under section 6(c)(1)(D)(i) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(c)(1)(D)(i)) for some or all participating households with certification periods set to expire or periodic reports due on or before June 30, 2021, consistent with the extensions and adjustments provided in the Food and Nutrition Service's April 22, 2020, blanket approval for extending certification and adjusting periodic reports, unless otherwise provided in this subparagraph;

"(ii) to allow household reporting requirements under section 273.12(a)(5)(iii) of title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations to satisfy the recertification requirements under section 273.14 of title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations for some or all participating households with recertification periods set to expire on or before December 31, 2021; and

"(iii) to adjust the interview requirements under sections 273.2 and 273.14(b) of title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations for some or all household applications or recertifications through June 30, 2021, consistent with the adjustments provided in the Food and Nutrition Service's March 26, 2020, blanket approval for adjusting interview requirements, unless otherwise provided in this subparagraph.

"(B) Not later than 5 days after exercising an option under subparagraph (A), a State agency shall notify the Secretary of Agriculture in writing of the option exercised, the categories of households affected by the option, and the duration of such option.

"(2) Adjustment.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall allow a State agency to suspend the requirements under sections 275.11(b)(1) and (2), 275.12, and 275.13 of title 7 of the Code of Federal Regulations from June 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021, consistent with the waivers provided in the Food and Nutrition Service's April 30, 2020, blanket approval for waiver of quality control reviews, unless otherwise provided in this paragraph."

Continued Eligibility

Pub. L. 103–225, title II, §205, Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 109, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §§4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(B), 4115(c)(2)(B), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1095, 1096, 1109; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §§4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(B), 4115(c)(2)(B), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, 1871, provided that: "An establishment or house-to-house trade route that is otherwise authorized to accept and redeem coupons under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 25, 1994] shall be considered to meet the definition of 'retail food store' in section 3(p) [now 3(o)] of that Act [now 7 U.S.C. 2012(o)] until the earlier of—

"(1) the periodic reauthorization of the establishment or route; or

"(2) such time as the eligibility of the establishment or route for continued participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program is evaluated for any reason."

Report on Impact on Retail Food Stores

Pub. L. 103–225, title II, §206, Mar. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 109, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(B), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1095, 1096; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(B), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, provided that: "Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 25, 1994], the Secretary of Agriculture shall prepare and submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the impact of the amendments made by sections 201 and 202 [amending this section and section 2018 of this title] on the involvement of retail food stores in the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), including a description of—

"(1) the numbers and types of stores that were newly authorized to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program after implementation of the amendments;

"(2) the numbers and types of stores that were withdrawn from the supplemental nutrition assistance program after implementation of the amendments;

"(3) the procedures used by the Secretary, and the adequacy of the procedures used, to determine the eligibility of stores to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program and to authorize and reauthorize the stores to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program;

"(4) the adequacy of the guidance provided by the Secretary to retail food stores concerning—

"(A) the definitions of 'retail food store', 'staple foods', 'eligible foods', and 'perishable foods' for purposes of the supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

"(B) eligibility criteria for stores to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program; and

"(5) an assessment of whether the amendment to the definition of 'retail food store' under section 3(k) of such Act [subsec. (k) of this section] (as amended by section 201(1)) has had an adverse effect on the integrity of the supplemental nutrition assistance program."

Continuing Eligibility of Certain Retail Food Stores

Pub. L. 103–205, §2, Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2418, as amended by Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §§4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(D), 4115(c)(1)(A)(i), (B)(i), (2)(A), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1095–1097, 1109; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §§4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(D), 4115(c)(1)(A)(i), (B)(i), (2)(A), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, 1870, 1871, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 17, 1993] and ending on March 15, 1994, an establishment or house-to-house trade route that is otherwise authorized to accept and redeem benefits under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) on the date of enactment of this Act may not be disqualified from participation in the supplemental nutrition assistance program solely because the establishment or trade route does not meet the definition of 'retail food store' under section 3(p)(1) [now 3(o)(1)] of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2012(k)(1) [now 2012(o)(1)])."

Publicly Operated Community Health Centers

Pub. L. 98–107, §101(b), Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 734, provided in part: "That notwithstanding any other provision of law or this joint resolution, the provisions of subsections (f) and (i) of section 3 and section 10 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [now the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008], as amended [7 U.S.C. 2012(h), (m) and 2019], concerning private, nonprofit drug addiction or alcoholic treatment and rehabilitation programs, shall also be applicable to publicly operated community health centers".

[Reference to community health center, migrant health center, public housing health center, or homeless health center considered reference to health center, see section 4(c) of Pub. L. 104–299, set out as a note under section 254b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

Eligibility of Supplemental Security Income Recipients for Food Stamps During Prescribed Period Beginning January 1, 1974

Provisions respecting eligibility of supplemental security income recipients for food stamps during prescribed period beginning Jan. 1, 1974, see section 8(c) of Pub. L. 93–233, Dec. 31, 1974, 87 Stat. 957, set out as a note under section 1382e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
7 U.S.C. § 2651 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 59: RURAL FIRE PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Subchapter I: RURAL COMMUNITY FIRE PROTECTION / Section 2651: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-313, §16(a)(6), formerly §13(a)(6), July 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 374; renumbered §16(a)(6), Pub. L. 101-624, title XII, §1215(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3525
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-313, §16(a)(6), formerly §13(a)(6), July 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 374; renumbered §16(a)(6), Pub. L. 101-624, title XII, §1215(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3525
Status: repealed

Section 2651, Pub. L. 92–419, title IV, §401, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 91–524, title VIII, §816(a), as added Pub. L. 93–86, §1(27)(B), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 240, related to purpose and findings for provisions relating to rural community fire protection assistance.

Section 2652, Pub. L. 92–419, title IV, §402, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 95–113, title XV, §1504, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1021, related to terms and conditions, funding requirements, etc., for cooperative agreements with State officials.

Section 2653, Pub. L. 92–419, title IV, §403, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 671, related to reporting requirements for Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 2654, Pub. L. 92–419, title IV, §404, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 91–524, title VIII, §816(b), as added Pub. L. 93–86, §1(27)(B), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 240; amended Pub. L. 95–113, title XV, §1505, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1021, related to authorization of appropriations for assistance.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 17 of Pub. L. 95–313, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2101 of Title 16, Conservation.
7 U.S.C. § 2662 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 59: RURAL FIRE PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Subchapter II: RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SMALL FARM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION / Section 2662: Programs authorized
Programs authorized
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this subchapter as the "Secretary") may conduct, in cooperation and coordination with colleges and universities, the following programs to carry out the purposes and achieve the goals of this subchapter.

(a) Rural development extension programs

Rural development extension programs shall consist of the collection, interpretation, and dissemination of useful information and knowledge from research and other sources to units of multistate regional agencies, State, county, municipal, and other units of government, multicounty planning and development districts, organizations of citizens contributing to community and rural development, businesses, Indian tribes on Federal or State reservations or other federally recognized Indian tribal groups, and industries that employ or may employ people in rural areas. The rural development extension programs shall also promote coordinated and integrated rural community initiatives that advance and empower capacity building through leadership development, entrepreneurship, business development and management training, and strategic planning to increase jobs, income, and quality of life in rural communities. These programs also shall include technical services and educational activities, including instruction for persons not enrolled as students in colleges or universities, to facilitate and encourage the use and practical application of this information. These programs may also include feasibility studies and planning assistance.

(b) Rural development research

Rural development research shall consist of research, investigations, and basic feasibility studies in any field or discipline that may develop principles, facts, scientific and technical knowledge, new technology, and other information that may be useful to agencies of Federal, State, and local government, industries in rural areas, Indian tribes on Federal and State reservations or other federally recognized Indian tribal groups, and other organizations involved in community and rural development programs and activities in planning and carrying out such programs and activities or otherwise be practical and useful in achieving the purposes and goals of this subchapter.

(c) Small farm research programs

Small farm research programs shall consist of programs of research to develop new approaches for initiating and upgrading small farm operations through management techniques, agricultural production techniques, farm machinery technology, new products, new marketing techniques, and small farm finance; to develop new enterprises that can use labor, skills, or natural resources available to the small farm family; or that will help to increase the quality and availability of services and facilities needed by the small farm family.

(d) Small farm extension programs

Small farm extension programs shall consist of extension programs to improve small farm operations, including management techniques, agricultural production techniques, farm machinery technology, marketing techniques and small farm finance; to increase use by small farm families of existing services offered by the Department of Agriculture and other public and private agencies and organizations; to assist small farm families in establishing and operating cooperatives for the purpose of improving their family income from farming or other economic activities; to increase the quality and availability of services and facilities needed by small farm families; and to develop new enterprises that can use labor, skills, or natural resources available to the small farm family.

(e) Special grants programs

Special grants programs shall consist of extension and research programs to strengthen research and education on national and regional issues in rural development, including the assessment of alternative policies and strategies for rural development and balanced growth; to develop alternative strategies for national and regional investment, and the creation of employment, in rural areas; to develop alternative energy policies to meet rural development needs; and to strengthen rural development programs of agencies of the Department of Agriculture and those in other Federal departments and agencies.

(f), (g) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §792(a), title VIII, §871, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1152, 1175

(h) Rural development extension work

(1) National program

The Secretary shall establish a national program, to be administered by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, to provide rural citizens with training in, technical and management assistance regarding, and educational opportunities to enhance their knowledge of—

(A) beginning businesses through entrepreneurship;

(B) the procedures necessary to establish new businesses in rural areas;

(C) self-employment opportunities in rural areas;

(D) the uses of modern telecommunications and computer technologies;

(E) business and financial planning; and

(F) such other training, assistance, and educational opportunities as the Secretary determines are necessary to carry out the program established under this subsection.

(2) Leadership abilities

The program established under this subsection shall provide assistance designed to increase the leadership abilities of residents in rural areas. Such assistance shall include—

(A) information relevant to the development of community goals;

(B) instruction regarding the methods by which State or Federal funding for rural development projects might be obtained;

(C) instruction regarding the successful writing of applications for loan or grant funds from government and private sources;

(D) an updated listing of State, Federal, and other economic development programs available to rural areas; and

(E) such other training, information, and assistance as the Secretary determines necessary to increase the leadership abilities of residents in rural areas.

(3) Catalog of programs

The National Rural Information Center Clearinghouse of the National Agricultural Library, in cooperation with the Extension Service in each State, should develop, maintain, and provide to each community, and make accessible to any other interested party, a catalog of available State, Federal, or private programs that provide leadership training or other information or services similar or complementary to the training or services required by this subsection. Such catalog should include, at a minimum, the following entities within the State that provide such training or services:

(A) Any rural electric cooperative.

(B) Any nonprofit company development corporation.

(C) Any economic development district that serves a rural community.

(D) Any nonprofit subsidiary of any private entity.

(E) Any nonprofit organization whose principal purpose is to promote economic development in rural areas.

(F) Any investor or publicly owned electric utility.

(G) Any small business development center or small business investment company.

(H) Any regional development organization.

(I) Any vocational or technical school.

(J) Any Federal, State, or local government agency or department.

(K) Any other entity that the Secretary deems appropriate.

The extension service in each State should include in the catalog information on the specific training or services provided by each entity in the catalog.

(4) Employee training

The Secretary shall provide training for appropriate State extension service employees, assigned to programs other than rural development, to ensure that such employees understand the availability of rural development programs in their respective States and the availability of National Institute of Food and Agriculture staff qualified to provide to rural citizens and to State extension staff training and materials for technical, management, and educational assistance.

(5) Coordination of assistance

The Secretary shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that assistance provided under this subsection is coordinated with and delivered in cooperation with similar services or assistance provided by other Federal agencies or programs for rural residents.

(i) Rural health and safety education programs

(1) Programs authorized

(A) Individual and family health education

The Secretary may make grants for the establishment of individual and family health education programs that shall provide individuals and families with—

(i) information concerning the value of good health;

(ii) information to increase the individual or families motivation to take more responsibility for their own health;

(iii) access to health promotion activities; and

(iv) training for volunteers and health services providers concerning health promotion and health care services, in cooperation with the Department of Health and Human Services.

(B) Farm safety education

The Secretary may make grants for the establishment of farm safety education programs that shall provide information and training to farm workers, timber harvesters, and farm families concerning safety in the work place, including information and training concerning—

(i) the reduction of occupational injury and death rates;

(ii) the reduction and prevention of exposure to farm chemicals;

(iii) the reduction of agricultural respiratory diseases and dermititis; 1

(iv) the reduction and prevention of noise induced hearing loss;

(v) the occupational rehabilitation of farmers and timber harvesters with physical disabilities; and

(vi) farm accident rescue procedures.

(C) Rural health leadership development

The Secretary, in consultation with the Office of Rural Health Policy of the Department of Health and Human Services, may make grants to academic medical centers or land grant colleges and universities, or any combination thereof, for the establishment of rural health leadership development education programs that shall assist rural communities in developing health care services and facilities that will provide the maximum benefit for the resources invested and assist community leaders and public officials in understanding their roles and responsibilities relative to rural health services and facilities, including—

(i) community decisions regarding funding for and retention of rural hospitals;

(ii) rural physician and allied health professionals recruitment and retention;

(iii) the aging rural population and senior services required to care for the population;

(iv) the establishment and maintenance of rural emergency medical services systems; and

(v) the application of computer-assisted capital budgeting decision aids for rural health services and facilities.

(2) Coordination of programs

Educational programs conducted with grants awarded under this subsection shall be coordinated with the State offices of rural health and other appropriate programs of the Department of Health and Human Services.

(3) Dissemination of information

Educational programs conducted with grants awarded under this subsection shall provide leadership within the State for the dissemination of appropriate rural health and safety information resources possessed by the Rural Information Center established at the National Agricultural Library.

(4) Procedures and limitations

The Secretary shall establish policies, procedures and limitations that shall apply to States or entities described in paragraph (1)(C) that desire to receive a grant under this subsection. In States with land-grant colleges and universities that are eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), and the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), including Tuskegee University, and universities which receive Rural Health Research Center grants, such eligible institutions shall mutually determine the type of rural health and safety education program needed in the State within which such institutions reside.

(5) Limitations on authorization of appropriations

For grants under this subsection, there are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1994 and each subsequent fiscal year. Amounts appropriated under this subsection shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §502, as added Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1323; amended Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1440(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1560; Pub. L. 100–219, §2, Dec. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §§2346, 2349, 2389(a)–(c)(1), 2390(b)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4032, 4037, 4053–4055; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §403(a), title VII, §704, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863, 1881; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §792(a), title VIII, §§871, 886, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1152, 1175, 1180; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(6), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(6), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2029; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6101(a)(3), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4727.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Act of July 2, 1862, referred to in subsec. (i)(4), is act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503, popularly known as the "Morrill Act" and also as the "First Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.

Act of August 30, 1890, referred to in subsec. (i)(4), is act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, 26 Stat. 417, as amended, popularly known as the "Agricultural College Act of 1890" and also as the "Second Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2662, Pub. L. 92–419, title V, §502, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1440, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1005, related to programs authorization and cooperation and coordination with colleges and universities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1444(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1326.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334, §6101(a)(3)(A), inserted "(referred to in this subchapter as the 'Secretary')" after "Agriculture" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §6101(a)(3)(B), substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Agriculture" in introductory provisions.

2008—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(6)(A), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Extension Service" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(6)(B), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture staff" for "Extension Service staff".

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, §886, inserted after first sentence "The rural development extension programs shall also promote coordinated and integrated rural community initiatives that advance and empower capacity building through leadership development, entrepreneurship, business development and management training, and strategic planning to increase jobs, income, and quality of life in rural communities."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–127, §792(a), struck out subsec. (f), which related to competitive grants for financially stressed farmers, dislocated farmers, and rural families.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–127, §871, struck out subsec. (g), which authorized establishment of Extension Service rural economic and business development program to enable States or counties to employ specialists as Cooperative Extension Service staff to assist individuals in creating new businesses, or to assist existing businesses.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–127, §871, struck out subsec. (j), which authorized program to award competitive grants to carry out rural development research.

1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–237, §403(a)(2)(A), redesignated subsec. (b), relating to rural development extension work, as (h).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–237, §403(a)(1), amended heading generally and in par. (2) substituted "until" for "during the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending on".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–237, §403(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (b), relating to rural development extension work, as (h), redesignated former subsec. (h), relating to rural health and safety education programs, as (i) and former subsec. (h), relating to research grants, as (j), and moved such subsecs. to appear in proper order.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–237, §403(a)(2)(B), (D), redesignated subsec. (h), relating to rural health and safety education programs, as (i) and moved such subsec. to appear in proper order.

Subsec. (i)(1)(C). Pub. L. 102–237, §704(a), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 102–237, §704(b), inserted "or entities described in paragraph (1)(C)" after "to States".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–237, §403(a)(2)(C), (D), redesignated subsec. (h), relating to research grants, as (j) and moved such subsec. to appear in proper order.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624, §2346, added subsec. (b), relating to rural development extension work, following subsec. (g).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(c)(1), substituted "Competitive" for "Special" in heading.

Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(1), substituted "competitive grants for programs that meet the criteria specified in subparagraph (B) to develop counseling, retraining, and educational" for "special grants for programs to develop educational, retraining, and counseling".

Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(3), (4), added subpar. (B), struck out heading, introductory provisions, and cl. (i) of former subpar. (B), and redesignated cls. (ii) to (viii) of former subpar. (B) as cls. (i) to (vii) of subpar. (D). Prior to amendment, introductory provisions and cl. (i) read as follows: "Such programs shall provide the following services:

"(i) Clinical outreach counseling and crisis management assistance through appropriate State officials."

Subsec. (f)(1)(C). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(2), (4), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (E).

Subsec. (f)(1)(D). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(2), (4), added heading and introductory provisions of subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (F).

Subsec. (f)(1)(D)(i) to (vii). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(3)(B), redesignated former subpar. (B)(ii) to (viii) as subpar. (D)(i) to (vii).

Subsec. (f)(1)(D)(viii). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(5), added cl. (viii).

Subsec. (f)(1)(E). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(2), redesignated former subpar. (C) as (E).

Subsec. (f)(1)(F). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(6), substituted "shall work with the appropriate State office of rural health, State department or agency of mental health, and other" for "is encouraged to work with" and "an annual comprehensive plan" for "a comprehensive plan", struck out "special" before "grant funds", and inserted at end "For recipients in a State to be eligible for a grant under this subsection in any fiscal year, the Cooperative Extension Service within the State must develop and sign a Memorandum of Agreement with the appropriate State department or agency of mental health and other State agencies as may be appropriate to carry out the comprehensive plan. Such agreement and plan must emphasize the development and delivery of counseling and outreach programs as provided under subparagraph (B)."

Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(b)(2), redesignated former subpar. (D) as (F).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 101–624, §2389(a), inserted "to eligible applicants in any State applying for such grants" after "under paragraph (1)", and substituted "1995" for "1990".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–624, §2346, added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–624, §2349, added subsec. (h) relating to research grants.

Pub. L. 101–624, §2390(b)(1), added subsec. (h) relating to rural health and safety education programs.

1987—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–219 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows:

"(1)(A) The Secretary shall provide special grants for programs to develop income alternatives for farmers who have been adversely affected by the current farm and rural economic crisis and those displaced from farming.

"(B) Such programs shall consist of educational and counseling services to farmers to—

"(i) assess human and nonhuman resources;

"(ii) assess income earning alternatives;

"(iii) identify resources and opportunities available to the farmer in the local community, county, and State;

"(iv) implement financial planning and management strategies; and

"(v) provide linkages to specific resources and opportunities that are available to the farmer, such as reentering agriculture, new business opportunities, other off-farm jobs, job search programs, and retraining skills.

"(C) The Secretary also may provide support to mental health officials in developing outreach programs in rural areas.

"(2) Grants may be made under paragraph (1) during the period beginning on December 23, 1985, and ending 3 years after such date."

1985—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–198 added subsec. (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(6) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.

Effect of Amendments on Current Grant Recipients

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2389(d), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4055, provided that 8 States receiving grants under 7 U.S.C. 2662(f) during fiscal year 1990 could continue to be eligible to receive grants (in an amount not to exceed the amount received during that fiscal year) under that section notwithstanding that such grants be awarded competitively, so long as such States complied with requirement that not less than one-half of such grant amount was to be used for clinical outreach counseling and crisis management assistance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §792(b)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 100 Stat. 1152.

Rural Health Infrastructure Improvement

Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2391, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4057, provided for award of grant for establishment of project to demonstrate model approach to improving rural health infrastructure, which was to carry out systematic, community-based rural health needs assessments, identify and coordinate available health services resources, improve community infrastructure through health education and information and leadership development and training, and develop community generated health improvement strategies, and further provided for project implementation and limitations on authorization of appropriations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §709, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1112.

1 So in original. Probably should be "dermatitis;".
7 U.S.C. § 5852 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter III: NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM / Section 5852: Agricultural Weather Office
Agricultural Weather Office
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment of Office and administration of system

(1) Establishment required

The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish in the Department of Agriculture an Agricultural Weather Office to plan and administer the National Agricultural Weather Information System. The system shall be comprised of the office established under this section and the activities of the State agricultural weather information systems described in section 5854 of this title.

(2) Director

The Secretary shall appoint a Director to manage the activities of the Agricultural Weather Office and to advise the Secretary on scientific and programmatic coordination for climate, weather, and remote sensing.

(b) Authority

The Secretary, acting through the Office, may undertake the following activities to carry out this subchapter:

(1) Enter into cooperative projects with the National Weather Service to—

(A) support operational weather forecasting and observation useful in agriculture;

(B) sponsor joint workshops to train agriculturalists about the optimum utilization of agricultural weather and climate data;

(C) jointly develop improved computer models and computing capacity; and

(D) enhance the quality and availability of weather and climate information needed by agriculturalists.

(2) Obtain standardized weather observation data collected in near real time through State agricultural weather information systems.

(3) Make, through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, competitive grants under subsection (c) for research in atmospheric sciences and climatology.

(4) Make grants to eligible States under section 5854 of this title to plan and administer State agricultural weather information systems.

(5) Coordinate the activities of the Office with the weather and climate research activities of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Services Program, and the National Climate Program.

(6) Encourage private sector participation in the National Agricultural Weather Information System through mutually beneficial cooperation with the private sector, particularly in generating weather and climatic data useful for site-specific agricultural weather forecasting.

(c) Competitive grants program

(1) Grants authorized

With funds allocated to carry out this subsection, the Secretary of Agriculture may make grants to State agricultural experiment stations, all colleges and universities, other research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations and corporations, and individuals to carry out research in all aspects of atmospheric sciences and climatology that can be shown to be important in both a basic and developmental way to understanding, forecasting, and delivering agricultural weather information.

(2) Competitive basis

Grants made under this subsection shall be made on a competitive basis.

(d) Priority

In selecting among applications for grants under subsection (c), the Secretary shall give priority to proposals which emphasize—

(1) techniques and processes that relate to weather-induced agricultural losses, and to improving the advisory information on weather extremes such as drought, floods, freezes, and storms well in advance of their actual occurrence;

(2) the improvement of site-specific weather data collection and forecasting; or

(3) the impact of weather on economic and environmental costs in agricultural production.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1638, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3748; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, §407(6), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(18), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(18), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2030.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(3), (5). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(18), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Cooperative State Research Service".

1991—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "National Science Foundation" for "National Sciences Foundation".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(18) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1632b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1632b: Agriculture Innovation Center Demonstration Program
Agriculture Innovation Center Demonstration Program
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to direct the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a demonstration program under which agricultural producers are provided—

(1) technical assistance, consisting of engineering services, applied research, scale production, and similar services, to enable the agricultural producers to establish businesses to produce value-added agricultural commodities or products;

(2) assistance in marketing, market development, and business planning; and

(3) organizational, outreach, and development assistance to increase the viability, growth, and sustainability of businesses that produce value-added agricultural commodities or products.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Program

The term "Program" means the Agriculture Innovation Center Demonstration Program established under subsection (c).

(2) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(c) Establishment of Program

The Secretary shall establish a demonstration program, to be known as the "Agriculture Innovation Center Demonstration Program" under which the Secretary shall—

(1) make grants to assist eligible entities in establishing Agriculture Innovation Centers to enable agricultural producers to obtain the assistance described in subsection (a); and

(2) provide assistance to eligible entities in establishing Agriculture Innovation Centers through the research and technical services of the Department of Agriculture.

(d) Eligibility requirements

(1) In general

An entity shall be eligible for a grant and assistance described in subsection (c) to establish an Agriculture Innovation Center if—

(A) the entity—

(i) has provided services similar to the services described in subsection (a); or

(ii) demonstrates the capability of providing such services;

(B) the application of the entity for the grant and assistance includes a plan, in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Secretary, that outlines—

(i) the support for the entity in the agricultural community;

(ii) the technical and other expertise of the entity; and

(iii) the goals of the entity for increasing and improving the ability of local agricultural producers to develop markets and processes for value-added agricultural commodities or products;

(C) the entity demonstrates that adequate resources (in cash or in kind) are available, or have been committed to be made available, to the entity, to increase and improve the ability of local agricultural producers to develop markets and processes for value-added agricultural commodities or products; and

(D) the Agriculture Innovation Center of the entity has a board of directors established in accordance with paragraph (2).

(2) Board of directors

Each Agriculture Innovation Center of an eligible entity shall have a board of directors composed of a diverse group of representatives of public and private entities, including the following:: 1

(A) Two general agricultural organizations with the greatest number of members in the State in which the eligible entity is located.

(B) The department of agriculture, or similar State department or agency, or a State legislator, of the State in which the eligible entity is located.

(C) Four entities representing commodities produced in the State.

(e) Grants and assistance

(1) In general

Subject to subsection (g), under the Program, the Secretary shall make, on a competitive basis, annual grants to eligible entities.

(2) Maximum amount of grants

A grant under paragraph (1) shall be in an amount that does not exceed the lesser of—

(A) $1,000,000; or

(B) twice the dollar amount of the resources (in cash or in kind) that the eligible entity demonstrates are available, or have been committed to be made available, to the eligible entity in accordance with subsection (d)(1)(C).

(3) Maximum number of grants

(A) First fiscal year of Program

In the first fiscal year of the Program, the Secretary shall make grants to not more than 5 eligible entities.

(B) Second fiscal year of Program

In the second fiscal year of the Program, the Secretary may make grants to—

(i) the eligible entities to which grants were made under subparagraph (A); and

(ii) not more than 10 additional eligible entities.

(4) State limitation

(A) In general

Subject to subparagraph (B), in the first 3 fiscal years of the Program, the Secretary shall not make a grant under the Program to more than 1 entity in any 1 State.

(B) Collaboration

Nothing in subparagraph (A) precludes a recipient of a grant under the Program from collaborating with any other institution with respect to activities conducted using the grant.

(f) Use of funds

An eligible entity to which a grant is made under the Program may use the grant only for the following purposes (but only to the extent that the use is not described in section 1627c(d)(5)(D) of this title 2:

(1) Applied research.

(2) Consulting services.

(3) Hiring of employees, at the discretion of the board of directors of the Agriculture Innovation Center of the eligible entity.

(4) The making of matching grants, each of which shall be in an amount not to exceed $5,000, to agricultural producers, except that the aggregate amount of all such matching grants made by the eligible entity shall be not more than $50,000.

(5) Legal services.

(6) Any other related cost, as determined by the Secretary.

(g) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6402, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 110–234, title VI, §6203, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1207; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VI, §6203, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1969; Pub. L. 113–79, title VI, §6204, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 857; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7608, title X, §10102(c)(2), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4829, 4898; Pub. L. 117–103, div. A, title VII, §777, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 99.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, and not as part of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 which comprises this chapter.

Section was formerly set out as a note under section 1621 of this title.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–103 substituted "section 1627c(d)(5)(D) of this title" for "section 1627c(d)(2) of this title" in introductory provisions.

2018—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §7608(1)(A), substituted "a diverse group of representatives of public and private entities, including the following:" for "representatives of each of the following groups" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §7608(1)(B), substituted "Two" for "The 2".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–334, §7608(1)(C), inserted "or a State legislator," after "agency,".

Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–334, §7608(1)(D), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "Entities representing the 4 highest grossing commodities produced in the State, determined on the basis of annual gross cash sales."

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §7608(2), substituted "subsection (g)" for "subsection (i)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334, §10102(c)(2), substituted "section 1627c(d)(2) of this title" for "section 1632a(d) of this title)" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 115–334, §7608(3), added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsecs. (g) to (i) which related to research on effects on the agricultural sector, report to Congress, and authorization of appropriations, respectively.

2014—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "$1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018" for "$6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012".

2008—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 110–246, §6203, added subsec. (i) and struck out former subsec. (i). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Of the amount made available under section 231(a)(1) of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 106–224) for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section—

"(1) not less than $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2002; and

"(2) not less than $6,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 and 2004."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a closing parenthesis.
7 U.S.C. § 172 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 172: Authorization of Secretary to appoint employees; delegation of powers; cooperation with other agencies; allotment of funds; leases of facilities and disposal of water
Authorization of Secretary to appoint employees; delegation of powers; cooperation with other agencies; allotment of funds; leases of facilities and disposal of water
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary is authorized to appoint such employees, including citizens of other countries, as may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of sections 171 to 173 of this title. Such appointments may be made without regard to the provisions of the civil-service laws. (Sections 321, 322, 324, and 325a of title 40 1 shall not apply to any nursery, planting, cultivating or harvesting operations conducted pursuant to sections 171 to 173 of this title.) All appointments so made by the Secretary shall be made only on the basis of merit and efficiency.

(b) The Secretary may delegate any of the powers and duties conferred on him by sections 171 to 173 of this title to any agency or bureau of the Department of Agriculture.

(c) The Secretary, with the consent of any board, commission, independent establishment, corporation, or executive department of the Government, including any field service thereof, may avail himself of the use of information, services, facilities, officers and employees thereof, in carrying out the provisions of sections 171 to 173 of this title.

(d) The Secretary may allot to bureaus and offices of the Department of Agriculture, or may transfer to such other agencies of the State and Federal Governments as may be requested by him to assist in carrying out sections 171 to 173 of this title, any funds made available to him under said sections.

(e) In carrying out the provisions of sections 171 to 173 of this title the Secretary shall have all of the authority conferred upon him by section 502 of title 16.

(f) The Secretary may lease at reasonable rentals structures erected by the Government with essential facilities for such periods as such structures and facilities are not required for the purposes of sections 171 to 173 of this title; and any part of land or structures with essential facilities acquired by lease, deed, or other agreement pursuant to said sections, which are not required or suitable for the purposes of said sections during the period the United States is entitled to possession thereof may be leased or subleased at a reasonable rental; and any surplus water controlled by the United States on land owned or leased by the United States for the purposes of said sections may be disposed of at reasonable rates.

(Mar. 5, 1942, ch. 140, §2, 56 Stat. 127; Oct. 20, 1942, ch. 617, §§5–7, 56 Stat. 797.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Sections 321, 322, 324, and 325a of title 40, referred to in subsec. (a), mean sections 321, 322, 324, and 325a of former title 40 which were repealed by Pub. L. 87–581, title II, §203, Aug. 13, 1962, 76 Stat. 360. See sections 3702, 3703, and 3708 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

Codification

In the second sentence of subsec. (a), the words "and the compensation of the persons so appointed may be fixed without regard to the provisions of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended" were omitted as obsolete. Sections 1202 and 1204 of the Classification Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 972, 973, repealed the 1923 Act and all laws or parts of laws inconsistent with the 1949 Act. While section 1106(a) of the 1949 Act provided that references in other laws to the 1923 Act should be held and considered to mean the 1949 Act, it did not have the effect of continuing the exceptions contained in this subsection because of section 1106(b) which provided that the application of the 1949 Act of any position, officer, or employee shall not be affected by section 1106(a). The Classification Act of 1949 was repealed by Act Sept. 6, 1966, Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), 80 Stat. 632 (of which section 1 revised and enacted Title 5, U.S.C., into law). Section 5102 of Title 5 contains the applicability provisions of the 1949 Act, and section 5103 of Title 5 authorizes the Office of Personnel Management to determine the applicability to specific positions and employees.

Amendments

1942—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 20, 1942, §§5, 7, substituted "other countries" for "countries in the Western Hemisphere" and inserted sentence relating to inapplicability of certain sections of title 40.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Act Oct. 20, 1942, §6, added subsecs. (e) and (f).

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 608 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 608: Powers of Secretary
Powers of Secretary
Status: in_force

(1) Investigations; proclamation of findings

Whenever the Secretary of Agriculture has reason to believe that:

(a) The current average farm price for any basic agricultural commodity is less than the fair exchange value thereof, or the average farm price of such commodity is likely to be less than the fair exchange value thereof for the period in which the production of such commodity during the current or next succeeding marketing year is normally marketed, and

(b) The conditions of and factors relating to the production, marketing, and consumption of such commodity are such that the exercise of any one or more of the powers conferred upon the Secretary under subsections (2) and (3) of this section would tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter,

he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made to determine such facts. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds the existence of such facts, he shall proclaim such determination and shall exercise such one or more of the powers conferred upon him under subsections (2) and (3) of this section as he finds, upon the basis of an investigation, administratively practicable and best calculated to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter.

(2) Agreements for adjustment of acreage or production and for rental or benefit payments

Subject to the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall provide, through agreements with producers or by other voluntary methods,

(a) For such adjustment in the acreage or in the production for market, or both, of any basic agricultural commodity, as he finds, upon the basis of the investigation made pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, and to make such adjustment program practicable to operate and administer, and

(b) For rental or benefit payments in connection with such agreements or methods in such amounts as he finds, upon the basis of such investigation, to be fair and reasonable and best calculated to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, and to make such program practicable to operate and administer, to be paid out of any moneys available for such payments or, subject to the consent of the producer, to be made in quantities of one or more basic agricultural commodities acquired by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter.

(3) Payments by Secretary

Subject to the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make payments, out of any moneys available for such payments, in such amounts as he finds, upon the basis of the investigation made pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, to be fair and reasonable and best calculated to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter:

(a) To remove from the normal channels of trade and commerce quantities of any basic agricultural commodity or product thereof;

(b) To expand domestic or foreign markets for any basic agricultural commodity or product thereof;

(c) In connection with the production of that part of any basic agricultural commodity which is required for domestic consumption.

(4) Additional investigation; suspension of exercise of powers

Whenever, during a period during which any of the powers conferred in subsection (2) or (3) is being exercised, the Secretary of Agriculture has reason to believe that, with respect to any basic agricultural commodity:

(a) The current average farm price for such commodity is not less than the fair exchange value thereof, and the average farm price for such commodity is not likely to be less than the fair exchange value thereof for the period in which the production of such commodity during the current or next succeeding marketing year is normally marketed, or

(b) The conditions of and factors relating to the production, marketing, and consumption of such commodity are such that none of the powers conferred in subsections (2) and (3), and no combination of such powers, would, if exercised, tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter,

he shall cause an immediate investigation to be made to determine such facts. If, upon the basis of such investigation, the Secretary finds the existence of such facts, he shall proclaim such determination, and shall not exercise any of such powers with respect to such commodity after the end of the marketing year current at the time when such proclamation is made and prior to a new proclamation under subsection (1) of this section, except insofar as the exercise of such power is necessary to carry out obligations of the Secretary assumed, prior to the date of such proclamation made pursuant to this subsection, in connection with the exercise of any of the powers conferred upon him under subsections (2) or (3) of this section.

(5) Hearings; notice

In the course of any investigation required to be made under subsection (1) or (4) of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall hold one or more hearings, and give due notice and opportunity for interested parties to be heard.

(6) Commodity in which payment made

No payment under this chapter made in an agricultural commodity acquired by the Secretary in pursuance of this chapter shall be made in a commodity other than that in respect of which the payment is being made. For the purposes of this subsection, hogs and field corn may be considered as one commodity.

(7) Additional payments to producers of sugar beets or sugarcane

In the case of sugar beets or sugarcane, in the event that it shall be established to the satisfaction of the Secretary of Agriculture that returns to growers or producers, under the contracts for the 1933–1934 crop of sugar beets or sugarcane, entered into by and between the processors and producers and/or growers thereof, were reduced by reason of the payment of the processing tax, and/or the corresponding floor stocks tax, on sugar beets or sugarcane, in addition to the foregoing rental or benefit payments, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make such payments, representing in whole or in part such tax, as the Secretary deems fair and reasonable, to producers who agree, or have agreed, to participate in the program for reduction in the acreage or reduction in the production for market, or both, of sugar beets or sugarcane.

(8) Pledge by rice producer for production credit of right to rental or benefit payments

In the case of rice, the Secretary of Agriculture, in exercising the power conferred upon him by subsection (2) of this section to provide for rental or benefit payments, is directed to provide in any agreement entered into by him with any rice producer pursuant to such subsection, upon such terms and conditions as the Secretary determines will best effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, that the producer may pledge for production credit in whole or in part his right to any rental or benefit payments under the terms of such agreement and that such producer may designate therein a payee to receive such rental or benefit payments.

(9) Advances of payments on stored nonperishable commodity

Under regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture requiring adequate facilities for the storage of any nonperishable agricultural commodity on the farm, inspection and measurement of any such commodity so stored, and the locking and sealing thereof, and such other regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture for the protection of such commodity and for the marketing thereof, a reasonable percentage of any benefit payment may be advanced on any such commodity so stored. In any such case such deduction may be made from the amount of the benefit payment as the Secretary of Agriculture determines will reasonably compensate for the cost of inspection and sealing but no deduction may be made for interest.

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §8, 48 Stat. 34; Apr. 7, 1934, ch. 103, §7, 48 Stat. 528; May 9, 1934, ch. 263, §14, 48 Stat. 676; Mar. 18, 1935, ch. 32, §7, 49 Stat. 46; Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §§2, 4–7, 49 Stat. 751, 753–762.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section as originally enacted consisted of subsections (1) to (5). Act Aug. 24, 1935, amended section by striking out or amending and redesignating the various subsections.

Amendments

1935—Subsec. (1) was, together with subsecs. (2) to (9), inserted in lieu of former (1) by section 2 of act Aug. 24, 1935, which also struck out former (1) as amended by acts May 9, 1934, and March 18, 1935.

Subsec. (2) was, together with subsecs. (1) and (3) to (9), inserted in lieu of former (1) by section 2 of act Aug. 24, 1935. Former subsec. (2), as amended by act Apr. 7, 1934, was designated section 8b of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, section 608b of this title, and amended by section 4 of said act Aug. 24, 1935.

Subsec. (3) was, together with subsecs. (1), (2), and (4) to (9), inserted in lieu of former (1) by section 2 of act Aug. 24, 1935. Former subsec. (3) was struck out by section 5 of said act Aug. 24, 1935, which also added section 8c to the Agricultural Adjustment Act, section 608c of this title.

Subsec. (4) was, together with subsecs. (1) to (3) and (5) to (9), inserted in lieu of former (1) by section 2 of act Aug. 24, 1935. Former subsec. (4) was struck out by section 6 of said act Aug. 24, 1935, which also added sections 8d and 8e to the Agricultural Adjustment Act, section 608d and former section 608e, respectively, of this title.

Subsec. (5) was, together with subsecs. (1) to (4) and (6) to (9), inserted in lieu of former (1) by section 2 of act Aug. 24, 1935. Former subsec. (5) was designated section 8f of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, section 608f of this title, and amended by section 7 of said act Aug. 24, 1935.

Subsecs. (6) to (9) were, together with subsecs. (1) to (5), inserted in lieu of former (1) by section 2 of act Aug. 24, 1935.

1934—Act May 9, 1934, amended subsec. (1) generally.

Act Apr. 7, 1934, amended subsec. (2) by striking out proviso.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Validity of Agreements and Licenses Preserved Under 1935 Act

Act Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §38, 49 Stat. 776, provided that: "Nothing contained in this Act [see Tables for classification] shall (a), invalidate any marketing agreement or license in existence on the date of the enactment hereof [Aug. 24, 1935], or any provision thereof, or any act done pursuant thereto, either before or after the enactment of this Act, or (b) impair any remedy provided for on the date of the enactment thereof for the enforcement of any such marketing agreement or license, or (c) invalidate any agreement entered into pursuant to section 8(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act prior to the enactment of this Act, or subsequent to the enactment of this Act in connection with a program the initiation of which has been formally approved by the Secretary of Agriculture under such section 8(1) prior to the enactment of this Act, or any act done or agreed to be done or any payment made or agreed to be made in pursuance of any such agreement, either before or after the enactment of this Act, or any change in the terms and conditions of any such agreement, or any voluntary arrangements or further agreements which the Secretary finds necessary or desirable in order to complete or terminate such program pursuant to the declared policy of the Agricultural Adjustment Act [this chapter]; Provided, That the Secretary shall not prescribe, pursuant to any such agreement or voluntary arrangement, any adjustment in the acreage or in the production for market of any basic agricultural commodity to be made after July 1, 1937, except pursuant to the provisions of section 8 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act as amended by this Act."