20 U.S.C. § 1034 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT / Section 1034: Teach to reach grants
Teach to reach grants
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of program

(1) In general

The Secretary is authorized to award grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible partnerships to improve the preparation of general education teacher candidates to ensure that such teacher candidates possess the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively instruct students with disabilities in general education classrooms.

(2) Duration of grants

A grant under this section shall be awarded for a period of not more than five years.

(3) Non-Federal share

An eligible partnership that receives a grant under this section shall provide not less than 25 percent of the cost of the activities carried out with such grant from non-Federal sources, which may be provided in cash or in kind.

(b) Definition of eligible partnership

In this section, the term "eligible partnership" means a partnership that—

(1) shall include—

(A) one or more departments or programs at an institution of higher education—

(i) that prepare elementary or secondary general education teachers;

(ii) that have a program of study that leads to an undergraduate degree, a master's degree, or completion of a postbaccalaureate program required for teacher certification; and

(iii) the graduates of which meet the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title;

(B) a department or program of special education at an institution of higher education;

(C) a department or program at an institution of higher education that provides degrees in core academic subjects; and

(D) a high-need local educational agency; and

(2) may include a department or program of mathematics, earth or physical science, foreign language, or another department at the institution that has a role in preparing teachers.

(c) Activities

An eligible partnership that receives a grant under this section—

(1) shall use the grant funds to—

(A) develop or strengthen an undergraduate, postbaccalaureate, or master's teacher preparation program by integrating special education strategies into the general education curriculum and academic content;

(B) provide teacher candidates participating in the program under subparagraph (A) with skills related to—

(i) response to intervention, positive behavioral interventions and supports, differentiated instruction, and data driven instruction;

(ii) universal design for learning;

(iii) determining and utilizing accommodations for instruction and assessments;

(iv) collaborating with special educators, related services providers, and parents, including participation in individualized education program development and implementation; and

(v) appropriately utilizing technology and assistive technology for students with disabilities; and

(C) provide extensive clinical experience for participants described in subparagraph (B) with mentoring and induction support throughout the program that continues during the first two years of full-time teaching; and

(2) may use grant funds to develop and administer alternate assessments of students with disabilities.

(d) Application

An eligible partnership seeking a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. Such application shall include—

(1) a self-assessment by the eligible partnership of the existing teacher preparation program at the institution of higher education and needs related to preparing general education teacher candidates to instruct students with disabilities; and

(2) an assessment of the existing personnel needs for general education teachers who instruct students with disabilities, performed by the local educational agency in which most graduates of the teacher preparation program are likely to teach after completion of the program under subsection (c)(1).

(e) Peer review

The Secretary shall convene a peer review committee to review applications for grants under this section and to make recommendations to the Secretary regarding the selection of grantees. Members of the peer review committee shall be recognized experts in the fields of special education, teacher preparation, and general education and shall not be in a position to benefit financially from any grants awarded under this section.

(f) Evaluations

(1) By the partnership

(A) In general

An eligible partnership receiving a grant under this section shall conduct an evaluation at the end of the grant period to determine—

(i) the effectiveness of the general education teachers who completed a program under subsection (c)(1) with respect to instruction of students with disabilities in general education classrooms; and

(ii) the systemic impact of the activities carried out by such grant on how each institution of higher education that is a member of the partnership prepares teachers for instruction in elementary schools and secondary schools.

(B) Report to the Secretary

Each eligible partnership performing an evaluation under subparagraph (A) shall report the findings of such evaluation to the Secretary.

(2) Report by the Secretary

Not later than 180 days after the last day of the grant period under this section, the Secretary shall make available to Congress and the public the findings of the evaluations submitted under paragraph (1), and information on best practices related to effective instruction of students with disabilities in general education classrooms.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §251, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title II, §201(3), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3159; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9214(c)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2163.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1034, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §224, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title II, §201, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 470, required Secretary to consult with appropriate library and information science professional bodies in determining critical needs and priorities under former sections 1032 and 1033 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §708(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–312.

Another prior section 1034, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §224, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title II, §201, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1385, authorized special purpose grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–498, title II, §204(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1289.

Another prior section 1034, Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §223, formerly §224, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1228, Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(h)(4), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174, and renumbered Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §111(b)(3)(D), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 240, related to grants for research and demonstration projects, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

A prior section 251 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1047j of this title, prior to the general amendment of former part D of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "meet the applicable State certification and licensure requirements, including any requirements for certification obtained through alternative routes to certification, or, with regard to special education teachers, the qualifications described in section 1412(a)(14)(C) of this title" for "are highly qualified".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1059 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1059: Duration of grant
Duration of grant
Status: in_force

(a) Award period

The Secretary may award a grant to an eligible institution under this part for 5 years.

(b) Limitations

In awarding grants under this part the Secretary shall give priority to applicants who are not already receiving a grant under this part, except that for the purpose of this subsection a grant under subsection (c) and a grant under section 1068c(a)(1) of this title shall not be considered a grant under this part.

(c) Planning grants

Notwithstanding subsection (a), the Secretary may award a grant to an eligible institution under this part for a period of one year for the purpose of preparation of plans and applications for a grant under this part.

(d) Wait-out-period

Each eligible institution that received a grant under this part for a 5-year period shall not be eligible to receive an additional grant under this part until 2 years after the date on which the 5-year grant period terminates.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §313, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title III, §301(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1294; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title III, §302(c), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(a)(6), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2457; Pub. L. 105–244, title III, §§301(c)(3), 303(c), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1637, 1639.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1059, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §313, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title III, §301, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1392, provided for duration of grants under this part, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–244, §303(c)(1), inserted "subsection (c) and a grant under" after "this subsection a grant under".

Pub. L. 105–244, §301(c)(3), substituted "section 1068c(a)(1)" for "section 1069(a)(1)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–244, §303(c)(2), added subsec. (d).

1993—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–208 inserted before period at end ", except that for the purpose of this subsection a grant under section 1069(a)(1) of this title shall not be considered a grant under this part".

1992—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 102–325 amended subsecs. (a) and (b) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which related: in subsec. (a), to the awarding of grants for not to exceed 3, 4, or 5 years; and in subsec. (b), to waiting periods for awarding of subsequent grants.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9801 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 78: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATICS, AND CRITICAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDUCATION / Section 9801: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-358, title X, §1002(a)(1), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4048
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-358, title X, §1002(a)(1), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4048
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 110–69, title VI, §6001, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 625, related to congressional findings.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 110–69, §1, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 572, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'America COMPETES Act' or the 'America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act'."

Accountability and Transparency of Activities Authorized by Pub. L. 110–69

Pub. L. 110–69, title VIII, §8008, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 718, provided that:

"(a) Prohibited Use of Funds.—A grant or contract funded by amounts authorized by this Act [see Tables for classification] may not be used for the purpose of defraying the costs of a banquet or conference that is not directly and programmatically related to the purpose for which the grant or contract was awarded. A directly and programmatically related banquet or conference includes a banquet or conference held in connection with planning, training, assessment, review, or other routine purposes related to a project funded by the grant or contract. Records of the total costs related to, and justifications for, all banquets and conferences shall be reported to the appropriate Department, Administration, or Foundation. Not later than 60 days after receipt of such records, the appropriate Department, Administration, or Foundation shall make the records available to the public.

"(b) Conflict of Interest Statement.—Any person awarded a grant or contract funded by amounts authorized by this Act shall submit a statement to the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Education, the Administrator, or the Director, as appropriate, certifying that no funds derived from the grant or contract will be made available through a subcontract or in any other manner to another person who has a financial interest or other conflict of interest in the person awarded the grant or contract, unless such conflict is previously disclosed and approved in the process of entering into a contract or awarding a grant. Not later than 60 days after receipt of the certification, the appropriate Secretary, Administrator, or Director shall make all documents received that relate to the certification available to the public.

"(c) Application to Federal Grants and Contracts.—Subsections (a) and (b) shall take effect 360 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 9, 2007].

"(d) Exception.—Subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to grants or contracts authorized under sections 6201 and 6203 [former 20 U.S.C. 9851, 9853]."
20 U.S.C. § 1227 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter II: APPROPRIATIONS AND EVALUATIONS / Section 1227: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title II, §212(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title II, §212(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §419, formerly §417, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §304, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 333; renumbered §419 and amended Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §506(a)(3)(A), (B), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 563, related to education program evaluations by Comptroller General.
20 U.S.C. § 6681 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6681: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress finds the following:

(1) Classified school employees provide valuable service in the United States.

(2) Classified school employees provide essential services, such as transportation, facilities maintenance and operations, food service, safety, and health care.

(3) Classified school employees play a vital role in providing for the welfare and safety of students.

(4) Classified school employees strive for excellence in all areas of service to the education community.

(5) Exemplary classified school employees should be recognized for their outstanding contributions to quality education in the United States.

(Pub. L. 116–13, §2, Apr. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 847.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Recognizing Achievement in Classified School Employees Act, and not as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 44 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 44: Organization of board; expenses; gratuitous services
Organization of board; expenses; gratuitous services
Status: in_force

The Board of Regents shall meet in the city of Washington and elect one of their number as chancellor, who shall be the presiding officer of the Board of Regents, and called the chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution, and a suitable person as Secretary of the institution, who shall also be the secretary of the Board of Regents. The board shall also elect three of their own body as an executive committee, and shall fix the time for the regular meetings of the board; and, on application of any three of the regents to the Secretary of the institution, it shall be his duty to appoint a special meeting of the Board of Regents, of which he shall give notice, by letter, to each of the members; and, at any meeting of the board, eight shall constitute a quorum to do business. Each member of the board shall be paid his necessary traveling and other actual expenses, in attending meetings of the board, which shall be audited by the executive committee, and recorded by the Secretary of the board; but his service as regent shall be gratuitous.

(R.S. §5582; Pub. L. 91–551, §1(d), Dec. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 1440.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5582 derived from act Aug. 10, 1846, ch. 178, §3, 9 Stat. 103.

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–551 increased number of members required to constitute a quorum from five to eight.
20 U.S.C. § 1140h (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1140h: Rule of construction
Rule of construction
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subpart shall be construed to reduce or expand—

(1) the obligation of a State or local educational agency to provide a free appropriate public education, as defined in section 1401 of this title; or

(2) eligibility requirements under any Federal, State, or local disability law, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), or the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15001 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §768, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3367.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 106–402, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1677, which is classified principally to chapter 144 (§15001 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 15001 of Title 42 and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 46 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 46: Duties of Secretary
Duties of Secretary
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Board of Regents shall take charge of the building and property of the institution, and shall, under their direction, make a fair and accurate record of all their proceedings, to be preserved in the institution until no longer needed in conducting current business; and shall also discharge the duties of librarian and of keeper of the museum, and may, with the consent of the Board of Regents, employ assistants.

(R.S. §5583; Oct. 25, 1951, ch. 562, §2(4), 65 Stat. 639.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5583 derived from act Aug. 10, 1846, ch. 178, §7, 9 Stat. 105.

Amendments

1951—Act Oct. 25, 1951, inserted "until no longer needed in conducting current business".
20 U.S.C. § 1018b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1018b: Administrative simplification of student aid delivery
Administrative simplification of student aid delivery
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the student aid delivery system, the Secretary and the Chief Operating Officer shall encourage and participate in the establishment of voluntary consensus standards and requirements for the electronic transmission of information necessary for the administration of programs under subchapter IV.

(b) Participation in standard setting organizations

(1) The Chief Operating Officer shall participate in the activities of standard setting organizations in carrying out the provisions of this section.

(2) The Chief Operating Officer shall encourage higher education groups seeking to develop common forms, standards, and procedures in support of the delivery of Federal student financial assistance to conduct these activities within a standard setting organization.

(3) The Chief Operating Officer may pay necessary dues and fees associated with participating in standard setting organizations pursuant to this subsection.

(c) Adoption of voluntary consensus standards

Except with respect to the common financial reporting form under section 1090(a) of this title, the Secretary shall consider adopting voluntary consensus standards agreed to by the organization described in subsection (b) for transactions required under subchapter IV, and common data elements for such transactions, to enable information to be exchanged electronically between systems administered by the Department and among participants in the Federal student aid delivery system.

(d) Use of clearinghouses

Nothing in this section shall restrict the ability of participating institutions and lenders from using a clearinghouse or servicer to comply with the standards for the exchange of information established under this section.

(e) Data security

Any entity that maintains or transmits information under a transaction covered by this section shall maintain reasonable and appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards—

(1) to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the information; and

(2) to protect against any reasonably anticipated security threats, or unauthorized uses or disclosures of the information.

(f) Definitions

(1) Clearinghouse

The term "clearinghouse" means a public or private entity that processes or facilitates the processing of nonstandard data elements into data elements conforming to standards adopted under this section.

(2) Standard setting organization

The term "standard setting organization" means an organization that—

(A) is accredited by the American National Standards Institute;

(B) develops standards for information transactions, data elements, or any other standard that is necessary to, or will facilitate, the implementation of this section; and

(C) is open to the participation of the various entities engaged in the delivery of Federal student financial assistance.

(3) Voluntary consensus standard

The term "voluntary consensus standard" means a standard developed or used by a standard setting organization described in paragraph (2).

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §143, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1615.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 1018b to 1018f were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Section 1018b, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §143, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6201, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1515, related to use of funds.

Section 1018c, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §144, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6201, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1515; Pub. L. 101–610, title II, §221(a), (b), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3180, related to applications.

Section 1018d, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §145, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6201, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1516, related to technical assistance and coordination contracts.

Section 1018e, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §146, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6201, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1516; Pub. L. 101–305, §5, May 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 258; Pub. L. 101–610, title II, §221(c), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3180, related to authorization of appropriations.

Section 1018f, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §147, as added Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6201, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1516, defined "public community agency", "institution of higher education" and "Secretary".
20 U.S.C. § 2613 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 46: CAREER EDUCATION INCENTIVE / Section 2613: Repealed. Pub. L. 97-35, title V, §587(a)(4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480
Repealed. Pub. L. 97-35, title V, §587(a)(4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480
Status: repealed

Section 2613, Pub. L. 95–207, §14, Dec. 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 1472; S. Res. 30, Mar. 7, 1979; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to annual State reports to Secretary, and a review and report to Congress by Secretary.

Section 2614, Pub. L. 95–207, §15, Dec. 13, 1977, 91 Stat. 1473; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, set out definitions for this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 1221i (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter I: FUNCTIONS OF DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Section 1221i: title VII, §708(d)
title VII, §708(d)
Status: in_force

Section, Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §519, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 576; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), (b)(2), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 678, 692, related to Office of Libraries and Learning Resources.
20 U.S.C. § 4510 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 57: JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 4510: James Madison Memorial Fellowship Trust Fund
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Trust Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There shall be established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund consisting of appropriations and amounts contributed by the Foundation for the Commemoration of the Constitution and other private sources to be available, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Investment of amounts appropriated

(1) At the request of the Trust Fund, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest in full the amounts appropriated and contributed to the fund. Such investments may be made only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States issued directly to the fund.

(2) The purposes for which obligations of the United States may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31 are hereby extended to authorize the issuance at par of special obligations directly to the fund. Such special obligations shall bear interest at a rate equal to the average rate of interest, computed as to the end of the calendar month next preceding the date of such issue, borne by all marketable interest-bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt; except that where such average rate is not a multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum, the rate of interest of such special obligations shall be the multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum next lower than such average rate. All requests of the Trust Fund to the Secretary of the Treasury provided for in this section shall be binding upon the Secretary.

(c) Sale of obligations acquired by fund

At the request of the Trust Fund, the Secretary of the Treasury shall redeem any obligation issued directly to the fund. Obligations issued to the fund under subsection (b)(2) shall be redeemed at par plus accrued interest. Any other obligations issued directly to the fund shall be redeemed at the market price.

(d) Interest and proceeds from sale or redemption of obligations credited to fund

The interest on, and the proceeds from, the sale or redemption of any obligations held in the fund shall be credited to and form a part of the fund.

(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title VIII, §811], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–79, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title VIII, §811], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–79; Pub. L. 102–221, §1(2), Dec. 11, 1991, 105 Stat. 1676; Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title I, §126, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 440.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Amendments

2003—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–7, §126(1), added heading and text of subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest in full the amounts appropriated and contributed to the fund. Such investments may be made only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States. For such purpose, such obligations may be acquired (1) on original issue at the issue price, or (2) by purchase of outstanding obligations at the market price. The purposes for which obligations of the United States may be issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, are hereby extended to authorize the issuance at par of special obligations exclusively to the fund. Such special obligations shall bear interest at a rate equal to the average rate of interest, computed as to the end of the calendar month next preceding the date of such issue, borne by all marketable interest-bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt; except that where such average rate is not a multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum, the rate of interest of such special obligations shall be the multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum next lower than such average rate. Such special obligations shall be issued only if the Secretary determines that the purchase of other obligations of the United States, or of obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States or original issue at the market price, is not in the public interest."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–7, §126(2), added heading and text of subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Any obligations acquired by the fund (except special obligations issued exclusively to the fund) may be sold by the Secretary at the market price, and such special obligations may be redeemed at par plus accrued interest."

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–221 struck out "(1)" before "There shall be", substituted "and other" for "an other" after "Constitution", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "No funds in the Trust Fund may be available for fellowships until the contributions from private sources are equal to $10,000,000."
20 U.S.C. § 9561 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9561: Establishment
Establishment
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established in the Institute a National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.

(b) Mission

The mission of the National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance shall be—

(1) to provide technical assistance;

(2) to conduct evaluations of Federal education programs administered by the Secretary (and as time and resources allow, other education programs) to determine the impact of such programs (especially on student academic achievement in the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science);

(3) to support synthesis and wide dissemination of results of evaluation, research, and products developed; and

(4) to encourage the use of scientifically valid education research and evaluation throughout the United States.

(c) Grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements

In carrying out the duties under this part, the Director may award grants, enter into contracts and cooperative agreements, and provide technical assistance.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §171, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1962.)
20 U.S.C. § 2561 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 45: CAREER EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 2561: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 2561, Pub. L. 94–482, title V, §521, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2238, required Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, not later than six months after October 12, 1976, to report on purposes, administration, and effectiveness of special programs for students from disadvantaged backgrounds under sections 1070d and 1070d–1 of this title and High School Equivalency Program and College Assistance Migrant Program authorized under section 873 of title 29 and provided funding requirements for fiscal year 1977 for the programs authorized under section 873 of title 29.

Section 2562, Pub. L. 94–482, title V, §522, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2238, S.Res. 4, 1977, required Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to conduct a study of need to reorganize the Education Division and transmit a report to Committee on Human Resources of Senate and Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives, no later than June 30, 1977.

Section 2563, Pub. L. 94–482, title V, §523, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2239; Pub. L. 95–40, §1(30), (31)(A), June 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 208, required Commissioner of Education to carry out a study of extent to which sex discrimination and sex stereotyping existed in certain vocational rehabilitation programs, and of progress made to reduce or eliminate such discrimination and stereotyping, and report to Congress results of study with recommendations by Oct. 12, 1978. Section also required National Institute of Education to undertake a thorough evaluation and study of vocational education programs, including such programs conducted by States and such programs conducted under specified laws, and made an interim report to President and to Congress not later than Sept. 30, 1980, and a final report to President and to Congress not later than Sept. 30, 1981.
20 U.S.C. § 80f (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XI: WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS / Section 80f: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; Board of Trustees of the Center
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; Board of Trustees of the Center
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is hereby established in the Smithsonian Institution a Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and a Board of Trustees of the Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Center" and the "Board"), whose duties it shall be to maintain and administer the Center and site thereof and to execute such other functions as are vested in the Board by this subchapter.

(b) Composition of Board

The Board of Trustees shall be composed of 17 members as follows:

(1) the Secretary of State;

(2) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;

(3) the Secretary of Education;

(4) the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities;

(5) the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution;

(6) the Librarian of Congress;

(7) the Archivist of the United States;

(8) one member appointed by the President from time to time from within the Federal Government; and

(9) 9 members appointed by the President from private life.

(c) Appointment of alternate members by members of Board

Each member of the Board of Trustees specified in paragraphs (1) through (8) of subsection (b) may designate another official to serve on the Board of Trustees in his stead.

(d) Terms of office; vacancies; reappointment

Each member of the Board of Trustees appointed under paragraph (10) of subsection (b) shall serve for a term of six years from the expiration of his predecessor's term; except that (1) any trustee appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term, and (2) the terms of office of the trustees first taking office shall begin on October 24, 1968, and shall expire as designated at the time of appointment, two at the end of two years, three at the end of four years, and three at the end of six years. No trustee of the Board chosen from private life shall be eligible to serve in excess of two consecutive terms, except that a trustee whose term has expired may serve until his successor has qualified.

(e) Chairman and Vice Chairman of Board

The President shall designate a Chairman and a Vice Chairman from among the members of the Board chosen from private life.

(Pub. L. 90–637, §3, Oct. 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 1357; Pub. L. 95–426, title II, §206, Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 975; Pub. L. 101–268, Apr. 9, 1990, 104 Stat. 132; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(i), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–788.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(i)(1)(A), substituted "17" for "19" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(7) to (10). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(i)(1)(B)–(D), redesignated pars. (8) to (10) as (7) to (9), respectively, in par. (9) substituted "9" for "10", and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: "the Director of the United States Information Agency;".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1335(i)(2), substituted "(8)" for "(9)".

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–268, §1, amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "The Board of Trustees shall be composed of sixteen members as follows:

"(1) the Secretary of State;

"(2) the Director of the United States Information Agency;

"(3) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;

"(4) the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities;

"(5) the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution;

"(6) the Librarian of Congress;

"(7) the Archivist of the United States;

"(8) one appointed by the President from time to time from within the Federal Government; and

"(9) eight appointed by the President from private life."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–268, §2(1), substituted "(9)" for "(8)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–268, §2(2), substituted "(10)" for "(9)".

1978—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–426, §206(a)(1), substituted "sixteen" for "fifteen".

Subsec. (b)(2) to (9). Pub. L. 95–426, §206(a)(2), (3), designated pars. (2) to (8) as (3) to (9), respectively, and added a new par. (2) "the Director of the International Communication Agency".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–426, §206(b)(1), substituted "(8)" for "(7)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–426, §206(b)(2), substituted "(9)" for "(8)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 6531 of Title 22.
20 U.S.C. § 8291 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter X: PROGRAMS OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE / Section 8291: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section 8291, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10972, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–89, set out purpose of this subpart.

A prior section 8291, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10971, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3852, set out findings, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 106–554.

Section 8292, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10973, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–89, authorized appropriations.

A prior section 8292, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10972, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3853, related to the purpose of this subpart, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 106–554.

Section 8293, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10974, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–89, authorized formula grant program.

A prior section 8293, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10973, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3854, authorized rural school grants, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 106–554.

Section 8294, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10975, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–90, authorized competitive grant program.

A prior section 8294, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10974, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3854, related to fund usage, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 106–554.

Section 8295, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10976, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–91, related to accountability.

A prior section 8295, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10975, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3857, related to higher education grants, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 106–554.

Section 8296, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10977, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–92, related to ratable reductions in case of insufficient appropriations.

Section 8297, Pub. L. 89–10, title X, §10978, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–92, related to applicability of former sections 8271 and 8272 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3291 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VII: BILINGUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 3291: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3291, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7021, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 279; amended Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1142, related to assistance for bilingual education programs.

A prior section 3291, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §811, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2289; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to national leadership and planning activities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3292, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7022, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 285, related to Indian children in schools.

Prior sections 3292 to 3295 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3292, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §812, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2290; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to the training of community education personnel.

Section 3293, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §813, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2290; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized the Director of the National Institute of Education to carry out a program of research on community education programs.

Section 3294, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §814, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2290; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), (b)(1), (2), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 678, 692, contained administrative provisions.

Section 3295, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §815, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2291, related to the Federal share of the cost of State plans and applications of local educational agencies.
20 U.S.C. § 7871 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7871: Approval and disapproval of State plans
Approval and disapproval of State plans
Status: in_force

(a) Approval

A plan submitted by a State pursuant to section 6611(d), 7113(c), 7173, or 7842 of this title shall be approved by the Secretary unless the Secretary makes a written determination (which shall include the supporting information and rationale supporting such determination), prior to the expiration of the 120-day period beginning on the date on which the Secretary received the plan, that the plan is not in compliance with section 6611(d), 7113(c), or 7173 of this title, or part C, respectively.

(b) Disapproval process

(1) In general

The Secretary shall not finally disapprove a plan submitted under section 6611(d), 7113(c), 7173, or 7842 of this title, except after giving the State educational agency notice and an opportunity for a hearing.

(2) Notifications

If the Secretary finds that the plan is not in compliance, in whole or in part, with section 6611(d), 7113(c), or 7173 of this title, or part C, as applicable, the Secretary shall—

(A) immediately notify the State of such determination;

(B) provide a detailed description of the specific provisions of the plan that the Secretary determines fail to meet the requirements, in whole or in part, of such section or part, as applicable;

(C) offer the State an opportunity to revise and resubmit its plan within 45 days of such determination, including the chance for the State to present supporting information to clearly demonstrate that the State plan meets the requirements of such section or part, as applicable;

(D) provide technical assistance, upon request of the State, in order to assist the State to meet the requirements of such section or part, as applicable;

(E) conduct a hearing within 30 days of the plan's resubmission under subparagraph (C), unless a State declines the opportunity for such hearing; and

(F) request additional information, only as to the noncompliant provisions, needed to make the plan compliant.

(3) Response

If the State educational agency responds to the Secretary's notification described in paragraph (2)(A) prior to the expiration of the 45-day period beginning on the date on which the State educational agency received the notification, and resubmits the plan as described in paragraph (2)(C), the Secretary shall approve such plan unless the Secretary determines the plan does not meet the requirements of section 6611(d), 7113(c), or 7173 of this title, or part C, as applicable.

(4) Failure to respond

If the State educational agency does not respond to the Secretary's notification described in paragraph (2)(A) prior to the expiration of the 45-day period beginning on the date on which the State educational agency received the notification, such plan shall be deemed to be disapproved.

(c) Limitation

A plan submitted under section 6611(d), 7113(c), 7173, or 7842 of this title shall not be approved or disapproved based upon the nature of the activities proposed within such plan if such proposed activities meet the applicable program requirements.

(d) Peer-review requirements

Notwithstanding any other requirements of this part, the Secretary shall ensure that any portion of a consolidated State plan that is related to part A of subchapter I is subject to the peer-review process described in section 6311(a)(4) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8451, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8014, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2107.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7871, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9151, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3792, established the National Advisory Council on Indian Education, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1245 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 32: VOCATIONAL EDUCATION / Section 1245: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(f)(8), (g)(6), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(f)(8), (g)(6), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 174
Status: repealed

Sections 1245, 1246, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §§105, 106, as added Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1069, prohibited Federal control of education (curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution or school system), and related to labor standards requirement (prevailing wage rates), and were superseded by sections 1232a and 1232b of this title, respectively.
20 U.S.C. § 1208aa (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 30: BASIC EDUCATION FOR ADULTS / Subchapter II: STATE PROGRAMS / Section 1208aa: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §356, as added Pub. L. 102–73, title I, §103(2), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 338, related to State literacy resource centers.
20 U.S.C. § 2144 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 43: AMERICAN FOLKLIFE PRESERVATION / Subchapter II: VETERANS' ORAL HISTORY / Section 2144: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—

(1) $250,000 for fiscal year 2001; and

(2) such sums as may be necessary for each succeeding fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 106–380, §5, Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1449.)
20 U.S.C. § 7802 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7802: Applicability of subchapter
Applicability of subchapter
Status: in_force

Parts B, C, D, E, and F of this subchapter do not apply to subchapter VII of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8102, formerly title IX, §9102, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1966; renumbered title VIII, §8102, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(1), 8003, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2099.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7802, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9102, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3774, set out purpose of provisions relating to Indian education, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8003, substituted "Parts B, C, D, E, and F of this subchapter do not apply to subchapter VII" for "Parts B, C, D, and E of this subchapter do not apply to subchapter VIII".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6101 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 69: SCHOOL-TO-WORK OPPORTUNITIES / Section 6101: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 6101 to 6104 were omitted pursuant to section 6251 of this title which provided that the authority under this chapter terminated on Oct. 1, 2001.

Section 6101, Pub. L. 103–239, §2, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 569, stated findings of Congress.

Section 6102, Pub. L. 103–239, §3, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 570, stated purposes and Congressional intent.

Section 6103, Pub. L. 103–239, §4, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 572; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §394(j)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4029; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(c)(1), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1622; Pub. L. 108–446, title III, §305(f), Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2805, contained definitions.

Section 6104, Pub. L. 103–239, §5, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 575, provided for Federal administration of this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 103–239, §1(a), May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 568, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter, amending former sections 2394b and 2394c and section 4441 of this title, former section 1699 of Title 29, Labor, and former sections 11449 and 11450 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4401 and 4441 of this title] may be cited as the 'School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994'."
20 U.S.C. § 29 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 2: TEACHING OF AGRICULTURAL, TRADE, HOME ECONOMICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS / Section 29: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-624, §14(b)(1), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 413
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-624, §14(b)(1), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 413
Status: repealed

Section, act Mar. 10, 1924, ch. 46, §4, 43 Stat. 18, extended benefits of chapter to Territory of Hawaii.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 86–624, §47(c), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 423, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (d) of section 14 [amending sections 12, 14, and 238 of this title and repealing this section] shall be applicable in the case of fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1960."
20 U.S.C. § 194 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 11: NATIONAL ARBORETUM / Section 194: Advisory council
Advisory council
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to create an advisory council in relation to the plan and development of the national arboretum to be established under this chapter, to include representatives of national organizations interested in the work of the arboretum.

(Mar. 4, 1927, ch. 505, §4, 44 Stat. 1422.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Advisory Councils

Advisory councils in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a council established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such council is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a council established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See sections 1001(2) and 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
20 U.S.C. § 4703 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 59: BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4703: Establishment of Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation
Establishment of Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established, as an independent establishment of the executive branch of the United States Government, the Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation.

(b) Board of Trustees

The Foundation shall be subject to the supervision and direction of the Board of Trustees. The Board shall be composed of 13 members, as follows:

(1) Two members from the Senate, one appointed by the majority leader and one appointed by the minority leader of the Senate.

(2) Two members from the House of Representatives, one appointed by the majority leader and one appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

(3) Eight members, not more than four of whom shall be of the same political party, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(4) The Secretary of Education, or his designee, who shall serve ex officio as a member of the Board but shall not be eligible to serve as Chairman.

(c) Term of office

(1) The term of office of each member of the Board shall be six years, except that—

(A) the members first taking office shall serve as designated by the President, four for terms of two years, five for terms of four years, and four for terms of six years;

(B) a member appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the term for which his predecessor was appointed and shall be appointed in the same manner as the original appointment for that vacancy was made; and

(C) notwithstanding the term limitation provided for under this paragraph, a member appointed under subsection (b) may continue to serve under such appointment until the successor to the member is appointed.

(2) A Member of Congress appointed to the Board under clause (1) or (2) of subsection (b) may not serve as a member of the Board for more than a total of six years.

(d) Travel and subsistence pay

Members of the Board shall serve without pay, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties.

(Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIV, §1404, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4008; Pub. L. 100–26, §3(10), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1089(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1485; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1179(a), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1770.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 103–160 added subpar. (C).

1991—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–190 struck out before period at end ", at least one of whom shall be a representative of the aerospace industry and at least one of whom shall be a representative of a private foundation concerned with aerospace education".

1987—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–26 substituted "clause (1) or (2)" for "clause (2) or (3)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–26 applicable as if included in Pub. L. 99–661 when enacted on Nov. 14, 1986, see section 12(a) of Pub. L. 100–26, set out as a note under section 776 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
20 U.S.C. § 42 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 42: Board of Regents; members
Board of Regents; members
Status: in_force

(a) The business of the Institution shall be conducted at the city of Washington by a Board of Regents, named the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, to be composed of the Vice President, the Chief Justice of the United States, three Members of the Senate, three Members of the House of Representatives, and nine other persons, other than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the city of Washington, and seven of whom shall be inhabitants of some State, but no two of them of the same State.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution may modify the number of members, manner of appointment of members, or tenure of members, of the boards or commissions under the jurisdiction of the Smithsonian Institution, other than—

(1) the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution; and

(2) the boards or commissions of the National Gallery of Art, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

(R.S. §5580; Mar. 12, 1894, ch. 36, 28 Stat. 41; Pub. L. 91–551, §1(a), Dec. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 1439; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(e) [title III, §355], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–231, 2681–303.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5580 derived from acts Aug. 10, 1846, ch. 178, §3, 9 Stat. 103; Jan. 10, 1865, ch. 11, 13 Stat. 420; Mar. 20, 1871, ch. 1, 17 Stat. 1.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–277 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

1970—Pub. L. 91–551 authorized three additional persons on the Board of Regents.

1894—Act Mar. 12, 1894, struck out "the governor of the District of Columbia" after "the Chief Justice of the United States,".
20 U.S.C. § 4017 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter V: ASBESTOS SCHOOL HAZARD ABATEMENT / Section 4017: Recovery of costs
Recovery of costs
Status: in_force

(a) Loan condition

(1) As a condition of the award of any financial assistance under section 4014 of this title, the recipient of any such loan or grant shall permit the United States to sue on behalf of such recipient any person determined by the Attorney General to be liable to the recipient for the costs of any activities undertaken by the recipient under such section.

(2) The proceeds from any judgment recovered in any suit brought by the United States under paragraph (1) (or, if the recipient files a similar suit on its own behalf, the proceeds from a judgment recovered by the recipient in such suit) shall be used to repay to the United States, by deposit in the Asbestos Trust Fund established by section 4022 of this title, to the extent that the proceeds are sufficient to provide for such repayment, an amount equal to the sum of—

(A) the amount (i) outstanding on any loan and (ii) of any grant made to the recipient; and

(B) an amount equal to the interest which would have been charged on such loan were the loan made by a commercial lender at prevailing interest rates (as determined by the Administrator).

(b) Expeditious recovery

The Attorney General shall, where appropriate, proceed in an expeditious manner to recover the amounts expended by the United States to carry out this subchapter from the persons identified by the Attorney General as being liable for such costs.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title V, §508, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1293; Pub. L. 101–637, §§9, 14(a)(8), (b)(10), (11), (c)(5), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4592, 4594–4596.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–637, §14(a)(8), inserted section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–637, §14(b)(10), inserted heading.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–637, §14(c)(5), substituted "section" for "sections" after "such".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–637, §9, inserted "by deposit in the Asbestos Trust Fund established by section 4022 of this title," after "repay to the United States,".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–637, §14(b)(11), inserted heading.
20 U.S.C. § 9905 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 79: STEM-TRAINING GRANT PROGRAM / Section 9905: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Field-based course

The term "field-based course" means a course of instruction offered by an institution of higher education that includes a requirement that students teach a minimum of 3 lessons or sequences of lessons to elementary or secondary students.

(2) Institution of higher education

The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given that term by section 1001 of this title.

(3) Master teacher

The term "master teacher" means an individual—

(A) who has been awarded a master's or doctoral degree by an institution of higher education;

(B) whose graduate coursework included courses in mathematics, science, computer science, or engineering;

(C) who has at least 3 years teaching experience in K–12 settings; and

(D) whose teaching has been recognized for exceptional accomplishments in educating students, or is demonstrated to have resulted in improved student achievement.

(4) Mentor teacher

The term "mentor teacher" means an elementary or secondary school classroom teacher who assists with the training of students participating in a field-based course.

(5) Director

The term "Director" means the Director of the National Science Foundation.

(Pub. L. 111–358, title V, §555, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4025.)
20 U.S.C. § 9271 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 73: ADULT EDUCATION AND LITERACY / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 9271: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705
Status: repealed

Section 9271, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §501, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1242; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §401(17)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412; Pub. L. 109–270, §2(h)(7)–(9), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 748; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, §4002(b)(1)(B), (2)(R), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1097; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title IV, §4002(b)(1)(B), (2)(R), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, related to State unified plan.

Section 9272, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §502, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1244, related to definitions for indicators of performance.

Section 9273, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §503, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §404(f)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–417; Pub. L. 106–246, div. B, title II, §2403(a)(1), July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 555, related to incentive grants.

Section 9274, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §504, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1245, related to privacy.

Section 9275, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §505, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §401(18)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412, related to buy-American requirements.

Section 9276, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §506, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1246; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §401(19)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412; Pub. L. 105–332, §4(2), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3126, related to transition provisions.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
20 U.S.C. § 8401 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter XI: COORDINATED SERVICES / Section 8401: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section 8401, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11001, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3867, set forth findings and purpose.

Section 8402, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11002, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3868, defined terms.

Section 8403, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11003, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3868, related to authority to use funds.

Section 8404, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11004, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3868, related to project development and implementation.

Section 8405, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11005, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3869, related to uses of funds.

Section 8406, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11006, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3870, related to continuing authority to use funds.

Section 8407, Pub. L. 89–10, title XI, §11007, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3870, related to identification of barriers to service coordination.
20 U.S.C. § 1861 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 40: CONSOLIDATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Subchapter III: PREFERENTIAL PROGRAMS / Section 1861: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title III, §301(b)(1)(A)-(D), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2228
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title III, §301(b)(1)(A)-(D), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2228
Status: repealed

Section 1861, Pub. L. 93–380, title IV, §402(b), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 545, related to reservation and apportionment of funds for certain authorized and described programs.

Section 1862, Pub. L. 93–380, title IV, §403, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 546, related to education for use of metric system of measurement.

Section 1863, Pub. L. 93–380, title IV, §404, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 547, related to education of gifted and talented children.

Section 1864, Pub. L. 93–380, title IV, §405, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 94–482, title V, §501(a)(5), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2235, related to Community schools.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(b)(1), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2228, provided that the repeal is effective Sept. 30, 1979.
20 U.S.C. § 9904 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 79: STEM-TRAINING GRANT PROGRAM / Section 9904: Grant oversight and administration
Grant oversight and administration
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Director may execute a contract for program oversight and fiscal management with an organization at an institution of higher education, a non-profit organization, or other entity that demonstrates capacity for and experience in—

(1) replicating 1 or more similar programs at regional or national levels;

(2) providing programmatic and technical implementation assistance for the program;

(3) performing data collection and analysis to ensure proper implementation and continuous program improvement; and

(4) providing accountability for results by measuring and monitoring achievement of programmatic milestones.

(b) Oversight responsibilities

(1) Mandatory duties

If the Director executes a contract under subsection (a) with an organization for program oversight and fiscal management, the organization shall—

(A) ensure that a grant recipient faithfully replicates and implements the program or programs for which the grant is awarded;

(B) ensure that grant funds are used for the purposes authorized and that a grant recipient has a system in place to track and account for all Federal grant funds provided;

(C) provide technical assistance to grant recipients;

(D) collect and analyze data and report to the Director annually on the effects of the program on—

(i) the progress of participating students in achieving teaching competence and teaching certification;

(ii) the participation of students in the program by major, compared with local and State needs on secondary teachers by discipline; and

(iii) the participation of students in the program by demographic subgroup;

(E) collect and analyze data and report to the Director annually on the effects of the program on the academic achievement of elementary and secondary school students taught by graduates of programs funded by grants under this chapter; and

(F) submit an annual report to the Director demonstrating compliance with the requirements of subparagraphs (A) through (E).

(2) Discretionary duties

At the request of the Director, the organization under contract under subsection (a) may assist the Director in evaluating grant applications.

(c) Reports to Congress

The Director shall submit a copy of the annual report required by subsection (b)(1)(F) to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, the House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology, and the House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor.

(Pub. L. 111–358, title V, §554, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4024.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.
20 U.S.C. § 1654 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 37: ASSIGNMENT OR TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Section 1654: Intervention authorization in implementation of court orders
Intervention authorization in implementation of court orders
Status: in_force

A parent or guardian of a child, or parents or guardians of children similarly situated, transported to a public school in accordance with a court order, may seek to reopen or intervene in the further implementation of such court order, currently in effect, if the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk the health of the student or significantly impinge on his or her educational process.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §804, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 372.)
20 U.S.C. § 1438 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1438: Uses of funds
Uses of funds
Status: in_force

In addition to using funds provided under section 1433 of this title to maintain and implement the statewide system required by such section, a State may use such funds—

(1) for direct early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities, and their families, under this subchapter that are not otherwise funded through other public or private sources;

(2) to expand and improve on services for infants and toddlers and their families under this subchapter that are otherwise available;

(3) to provide a free appropriate public education, in accordance with subchapter II, to children with disabilities from their third birthday to the beginning of the following school year;

(4) with the written consent of the parents, to continue to provide early intervention services under this subchapter to children with disabilities from their 3rd birthday until such children enter, or are eligible under State law to enter, kindergarten, in lieu of a free appropriate public education provided in accordance with subchapter II; and

(5) in any State that does not provide services for at-risk infants and toddlers under section 1437(a)(4) of this title, to strengthen the statewide system by initiating, expanding, or improving collaborative efforts related to at-risk infants and toddlers, including establishing linkages with appropriate public or private community-based organizations, services, and personnel for the purposes of—

(A) identifying and evaluating at-risk infants and toddlers;

(B) making referrals of the infants and toddlers identified and evaluated under subparagraph (A); and

(C) conducting periodic follow-up on each such referral to determine if the status of the infant or toddler involved has changed with respect to the eligibility of the infant or toddler for services under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §638, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2755.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1438, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §638, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 114, related to uses of funds, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.
20 U.S.C. § 7451 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VI: INDIAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN, AND ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION / Section 7451: National research activities
National research activities
Status: in_force

(a) Authorized activities

The Secretary may use funds made available to carry out this subpart for each fiscal year to—

(1) conduct research related to effective approaches for the education of Indian children and adults;

(2) evaluate federally assisted education programs from which Indian children and adults may benefit;

(3) collect and analyze data on the educational status and needs of Indians; and

(4) carry out other activities that are consistent with the purpose of this part.

(b) Eligibility

The Secretary may carry out any of the activities described in subsection (a) directly or through grants to, or contracts or cooperative agreements with, Indian tribes, Indian organizations, State educational agencies, local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, including Indian institutions of higher education, and other public and private agencies and institutions.

(c) Coordination

Research activities supported under this section—

(1) shall be carried out in consultation with the Institute of Education Sciences to ensure that such activities are coordinated with and enhance the research and development activities supported by the Institute; and

(2) may include collaborative research activities that are jointly funded and carried out by the Office of Indian Education Programs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Institute of Education Sciences.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6131, formerly title VII, §7131, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1923; amended Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §404(d)(5)(E), (8), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1986; renumbered title VI, §6131, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §§6001(a), (b)(1), 6002(m), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, 2057.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7451, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7131, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3729, authorized research, evaluation of activities, and dissemination of information, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 6131 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7311 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(m)(1), substituted "to carry out this subpart" for "under section 7492(b) of this title" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(m)(2), inserted ", the Bureau of Indian Education," after "Office of Indian Education Programs".

2002—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–279 substituted "Institute of Education Sciences" for "Office of Educational Research and Improvement" and "by the Institute" for "by the Office".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–279, §404(d)(5)(E), substituted "Institute of Education Sciences" for "Office of Educational Research and Improvement".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4074 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter VIII: EQUAL ACCESS / Section 4074: Construction
Construction
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall supersede all other provisions of Federal law that are inconsistent with the provisions of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title VIII, §805, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1304.)
20 U.S.C. § 43 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 43: Appointment of regents; terms of office; vacancies
Appointment of regents; terms of office; vacancies
Status: in_force

The regents to be selected shall be appointed as follows: The Members of the Senate by the President thereof; the Members of the House by the Speaker thereof; and the nine other persons by joint resolution of the Congress. The Members of the House so appointed shall serve for the term of two years; and on every alternate fourth Wednesday of December a like number shall be appointed in the same manner to serve until the fourth Wednesday in December, in the second year succeeding their appointment. The Senators so appointed shall serve during the term for which they shall hold, without re-election, their office as Senators. Vacancies, occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be filled as vacancies in committees are filled. The regular term of service for the other nine members shall be six years; and new elections thereof shall be made by joint resolutions of Congress. Vacancies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise may be filled in like manner by joint resolution of Congress.

(R.S. §5581; Pub. L. 91–551, §1(b), (c), Dec. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 1440.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5581 derived from act Aug. 10, 1846, ch. 178, §3, 9 Stat. 103.

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–551 authorized appointment of three additional members of the board by joint resolution of Congress.
20 U.S.C. § 1092e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1092e: College access initiative
College access initiative
Status: in_force

(a) State-by-State information

The Secretary shall direct each guaranty agency with which the Secretary has an agreement under section 1078(c) of this title to provide to the Secretary the information necessary for the development of Internet web links and access for students and families to a comprehensive listing of the postsecondary education opportunities, programs, publications, Internet web sites, and other services available in the States for which such agency serves as the designated guarantor.

(b) Guaranty agency activities

(1) Plan and activity required

Each guaranty agency with which the Secretary has an agreement under section 1078(c) of this title shall develop a plan, and undertake the activity necessary, to gather the information required under subsection (a) and to make such information available to the public and to the Secretary in a form and manner as prescribed by the Secretary.

(2) Activities

Each guaranty agency shall undertake such activities as are necessary to promote access to postsecondary education for students through providing information on college planning, career preparation, and paying for college. The guaranty agency shall publicize such information and coordinate such activities with other entities that either provide or distribute such information in the States for which such guaranty agency serves as the designated guarantor.

(3) Funding

The activities required by this section may be funded from the guaranty agency's Operating Fund established pursuant to section 1072b of this title and, to the extent funds remain, from earnings on the restricted account established pursuant to section 1072(h)(4) of this title.

(4) Rule of construction

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require a guaranty agency to duplicate any efforts under way on February 8, 2006, that meet the requirements of this section.

(c) Access to information

(1) Secretary's responsibility

The Secretary shall ensure the availability of the information provided, by the guaranty agencies in accordance with this section, to students, parents, and other interested individuals, through Internet web links or other methods prescribed by the Secretary.

(2) Guaranty agency responsibility

The guaranty agencies shall ensure that the information required by this section is available without charge in printed format for students and parents requesting such information.

(3) Publicity

Not later than 270 days after February 8, 2006, the Secretary and guaranty agencies shall publicize the availability of the information required by this section, with special emphasis on ensuring that populations that are traditionally underrepresented in postsecondary education are made aware of the availability of such information.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §485D, as added Pub. L. 109–171, title VIII, §8023, Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 179.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective July 1, 2006, except as otherwise provided, see section 8001(c) of Pub. L. 109–171, set out as an Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note under section 1002 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1418 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter II: ASSISTANCE FOR EDUCATION OF ALL CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1418: Program information
Program information
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Each State that receives assistance under this subchapter, and the Secretary of the Interior, shall provide data each year to the Secretary of Education and the public on the following:

(1)(A) The number and percentage of children with disabilities, by race, ethnicity, limited English proficiency status, gender, and disability category, who are in each of the following separate categories:

(i) Receiving a free appropriate public education.

(ii) Participating in regular education.

(iii) In separate classes, separate schools or facilities, or public or private residential facilities.

(iv) For each year of age from age 14 through 21, stopped receiving special education and related services because of program completion (including graduation with a regular secondary school diploma), or other reasons, and the reasons why those children stopped receiving special education and related services.

(v)(I) Removed to an interim alternative educational setting under section 1415(k)(1) of this title.

(II) The acts or items precipitating those removals.

(III) The number of children with disabilities who are subject to long-term suspensions or expulsions.

(B) The number and percentage of children with disabilities, by race, gender, and ethnicity, who are receiving early intervention services.

(C) The number and percentage of children with disabilities, by race, gender, and ethnicity, who, from birth through age 2, stopped receiving early intervention services because of program completion or for other reasons.

(D) The incidence and duration of disciplinary actions by race, ethnicity, limited English proficiency status, gender, and disability category, of children with disabilities, including suspensions of 1 day or more.

(E) The number and percentage of children with disabilities who are removed to alternative educational settings or expelled as compared to children without disabilities who are removed to alternative educational settings or expelled.

(F) The number of due process complaints filed under section 1415 of this title and the number of hearings conducted.

(G) The number of hearings requested under section 1415(k) of this title and the number of changes in placements ordered as a result of those hearings.

(H) The number of mediations held and the number of settlement agreements reached through such mediations.

(2) The number and percentage of infants and toddlers, by race, and ethnicity, who are at risk of having substantial developmental delays (as defined in section 1432 of this title), and who are receiving early intervention services under subchapter III.

(3) Any other information that may be required by the Secretary.

(b) Data reporting

(1) Protection of identifiable data

The data described in subsection (a) shall be publicly reported by each State in a manner that does not result in the disclosure of data identifiable to individual children.

(2) Sampling

The Secretary may permit States and the Secretary of the Interior to obtain the data described in subsection (a) through sampling.

(c) Technical assistance

The Secretary may provide technical assistance to States to ensure compliance with the data collection and reporting requirements under this chapter.

(d) Disproportionality

(1) In general

Each State that receives assistance under this subchapter, and the Secretary of the Interior, shall provide for the collection and examination of data to determine if significant disproportionality based on race and ethnicity is occurring in the State and the local educational agencies of the State with respect to—

(A) the identification of children as children with disabilities, including the identification of children as children with disabilities in accordance with a particular impairment described in section 1401(3) of this title;

(B) the placement in particular educational settings of such children; and

(C) the incidence, duration, and type of disciplinary actions, including suspensions and expulsions.

(2) Review and revision of policies, practices, and procedures

In the case of a determination of significant disproportionality with respect to the identification of children as children with disabilities, or the placement in particular educational settings of such children, in accordance with paragraph (1), the State or the Secretary of the Interior, as the case may be, shall—

(A) provide for the review and, if appropriate, revision of the policies, procedures, and practices used in such identification or placement to ensure that such policies, procedures, and practices comply with the requirements of this chapter;

(B) require any local educational agency identified under paragraph (1) to reserve the maximum amount of funds under section 1413(f) of this title to provide comprehensive coordinated early intervening services to serve children in the local educational agency, particularly children in those groups that were significantly overidentified under paragraph (1); and

(C) require the local educational agency to publicly report on the revision of policies, practices, and procedures described under subparagraph (A).

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §618, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2738.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1418, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §618, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 101, related to program information, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1418, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §618, as added Pub. L. 94–142, §5(a), Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 791; amended Pub. L. 98–199, §§3(b), 8, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1360; Pub. L. 99–457, title IV, §406, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, §102(h), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3295; Pub. L. 101–476, title II, §203, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1112, related to evaluation and program information, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–17.
20 U.S.C. § 76n (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter V: JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS / Section 76n: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-449, §3, Oct. 22, 1990, 104 Stat. 1050
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-449, §3, Oct. 22, 1990, 104 Stat. 1050
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 85–874, §8, as added Pub. L. 88–260, §1(6), Jan. 23, 1964, 78 Stat. 4; amended Pub. L. 91–90, §1(a), Oct. 17, 1969, 83 Stat. 135; Pub. L. 92–313, §9, June 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 222; Pub. L. 95–50, §1, June 20, 1977, 91 Stat. 232, authorized appropriations for construction, repair, renovation, and reconstruction of John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
20 U.S.C. § 1140e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1140e: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subpart such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §765, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3365.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 765 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1140d of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–315.

Another prior section 765 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132d–4 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.
20 U.S.C. § 7803 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7803: Applicability to Bureau of Indian Education operated schools
Applicability to Bureau of Indian Education operated schools
Status: in_force

For the purpose of any competitive program under this chapter—

(1) a consortium of schools operated by the Bureau of Indian Education;

(2) a school operated under a contract or grant with the Bureau of Indian Education in consortium with another contract or grant school or a tribal or community organization; or

(3) a Bureau of Indian Education school in consortium with an institution of higher education, a contract or grant school, or a tribal or community organization,

shall be given the same consideration as a local educational agency.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8103, formerly title IX, §9103, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1966; renumbered title VIII, §8103, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(1), 8004, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2100.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 7811 to 7818 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7811, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9111, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3774, set forth purpose of provisions relating to formula grants to local educational agencies.

Section 7812, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9112, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3774; amended Pub. L. 104–5, §1, Mar. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 72, related to grants to local educational agencies.

Section 7813, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9113, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3775, related to amount of grants.

Section 7814, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9114, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3776, related to applications for grants.

Section 7815, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9115, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3778; amended Pub. L. 105–332, §3(c)(2), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3125, related to authorized services and activities.

Section 7816, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9116, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3779, related to student eligibility forms.

Section 7817, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9117, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3781, related to payments.

Section 7818, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9118, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3782, related to State educational agency review.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8004, substituted "Bureau of Indian Education" for "Bureau of Indian Affairs" in section catchline and wherever appearing in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7171 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7171: Purpose; definitions
Purpose; definitions
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this part is to provide opportunities for communities to establish or expand activities in community learning centers that—

(1) provide opportunities for academic enrichment, including providing tutorial services to help students, particularly students who attend low-performing schools, to meet the challenging State academic standards;

(2) offer students a broad array of additional services, programs, and activities, such as youth development activities, service learning, nutrition and health education, drug and violence prevention programs, counseling programs, arts, music, physical fitness and wellness programs, technology education programs, financial literacy programs, environmental literacy programs, mathematics, science, career and technical programs, internship or apprenticeship programs, and other ties to an in-demand industry sector or occupation for high school students that are designed to reinforce and complement the regular academic program of participating students; and

(3) offer families of students served by community learning centers opportunities for active and meaningful engagement in their children's education, including opportunities for literacy and related educational development.

(b) Definitions

In this part:

(1) Community learning center

The term "community learning center" means an entity that—

(A) assists students to meet the challenging State academic standards by providing the students with academic enrichment activities and a broad array of other activities (such as programs and activities described in subsection (a)(2)) during nonschool hours or periods when school is not in session (such as before and after school or during summer recess) that—

(i) reinforce and complement the regular academic programs of the schools attended by the students served; and

(ii) are targeted to the students' academic needs and aligned with the instruction students receive during the school day; and

(B) offers families of students served by such center opportunities for active and meaningful engagement in their children's education, including opportunities for literacy and related educational development.

(2) Covered program

The term "covered program" means a program for which—

(A) the Secretary made a grant under this part (as this part was in effect on the day before the effective date of this part under the Every Student Succeeds Act); and

(B) the grant period had not ended on that effective date.

(3) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means a local educational agency, community-based organization, Indian tribe or tribal organization (as such terms are defined in section 5304 of title 25), another public or private entity, or a consortium of 2 or more such agencies, organizations, or entities.

(4) External organization

The term "external organization" means—

(A) a nonprofit organization with a record of success in running or working with before and after school (or summer recess) programs and activities; or

(B) in the case of a community where there is no such organization, a nonprofit organization in the community that enters into a written agreement or partnership with an organization described in subparagraph (A) to receive mentoring and guidance in running or working with before and after school (or summer recess) programs and activities.

(5) Rigorous peer-review process

The term "rigorous peer-review process" means a process by which—

(A) employees of a State educational agency who are familiar with the programs and activities assisted under this part review all applications that the State receives for awards under this part for completeness and applicant eligibility;

(B) the State educational agency selects peer reviewers for such applications, who shall—

(i) be selected for their expertise in providing effective academic, enrichment, youth development, and related services to children; and

(ii) not include any applicant, or representative of an applicant, that has submitted an application under this part for the current application period; and

(C) the peer reviewers described in subparagraph (B) review and rate the applications to determine the extent to which the applications meet the requirements under sections 7174(b) and 7175 of this title.

(6) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4201, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1765; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4201(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1982.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This part (as this part was in effect on the day before the effective date of this part under the Every Student Succeeds Act), referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A), means this part as in effect before it was amended generally by Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4201(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1982. For effective date of Pub. L. 114–95, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to purpose and definitions of this part.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1066c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1066c: Limitations on Federal insurance for bonds issued by designated bonding authority
Limitations on Federal insurance for bonds issued by designated bonding authority
Status: in_force

(a) Limit on amount

At no time shall the aggregate principal amount of outstanding bonds insured under this part together with any accrued unpaid interest thereon exceed $1,100,000,000, of which—

(1) not more than $733,333,333 shall be used for loans to eligible institutions that are private historically Black colleges and universities; and

(2) not more than $366,666,667 shall be used for loans to eligible institutions which are historically Black public colleges and universities.

For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), Lincoln University of Pennsylvania is an historically Black public institution. No institution of higher education that has received assistance under section 123 of this title shall be eligible to receive assistance under this part.

(b) Limitation on credit authority

The authority of the Secretary to issue letters of credit and insurance under this part is effective only to the extent provided in advance by appropriations Acts.

(c) Religious activity prohibition

No loan may be made under this part for any educational program, activity or service related to sectarian instruction or religious worship or provided by a school or department of divinity or to an institution in which a substantial portion of its functions is subsumed in a religious mission.

(d) Discrimination prohibition

No loan may be made to an institution under this part if the institution discriminates on account of race, color, religion, national origin, sex (to the extent provided in title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.]), or disabling condition; except that the prohibition with respect to religion shall not apply to an institution which is controlled by or which is closely identified with the tenets of a particular religious organization if the application of this section would not be consistent with the religious tenets of such organization.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §344, formerly title VII, §724, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title VII, §704, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 745; renumbered title III, §344, Pub. L. 105–244, title III, §301(a)(3), (4), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 110–315, title III, §314(c), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3181.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Education Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235. Title IX of the Act, known as the Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1681 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1132c–3 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 105–244.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 344 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1069 of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §314(c)(1), substituted "$1,100,000,000" for "$375,000,000" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, §314(c)(2), substituted "$733,333,333" for "$250,000,000".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, §314(c)(3), substituted "$366,666,667" for "$125,000,000".
20 U.S.C. § 6575 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6575: Prohibition against Federal mandates, direction, or control
Prohibition against Federal mandates, direction, or control
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to authorize an officer or employee of the Federal Government to mandate, direct, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's specific instructional content, academic achievement standards and assessments, curriculum, or program of instruction.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1604, formerly §1905, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1619; renumbered §1604, Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1501(a)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1906.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1604 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6514 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Another prior section 1604 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6514 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
20 U.S.C. § 15 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 2: TEACHING OF AGRICULTURAL, TRADE, HOME ECONOMICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS / Section 15: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 15 was comprised of provisions of act Feb. 23, 1917, ch. 114, §7, 39 Stat. 933; Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §15, June 10, 1933; June 26, 1934, ch. 756, §2, 48 Stat. 1225; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Oct. 17, 1979, Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301, title V, §507, 93 Stat. 677, 692, which authorized appropriations of $200,000 annually to the Department of Education for studies, investigations and reports and paying salaries of personnel necessary to administer this chapter, and act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 79, §1, 40 Stat. 345, which authorized use of that appropriation also for printing and binding, law books, books of reference and periodicals, and postage on foreign mail. Section 7 of act Feb. 23, 1917, was repealed by Pub. L. 105–33, title VI, §6201, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 653.

Sections 15a to 15c, act Feb. 5, 1929, ch. 153, §§1–3, 45 Stat. 1151, appropriated money to be used for further development of vocational education in States and Territories but appropriations were authorized for only four years after the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930.

Sections 15d to 15g, act May 21, 1934, ch. 324, §§1–4, 48 Stat. 792, provided for further development of vocational education in several States and Territories by authorizing additional appropriations for the fiscal years 1935–37.

Act June 8, 1936, ch. 541, §7, 49 Stat. 1490, incorporated in section 15o of this title, provided that appropriations authorized by act June 8, 1936, incorporated in sections 15h to 15p of this title, "shall be in lieu thereof and not in addition to the appropriations authorized in" sections 1 and 2 of act May 21, 1934.
20 U.S.C. § 7151 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7151: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 7151, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4141, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1762, which related to gun-free requirements, was renumbered section 8561 of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(2)(D), title VIII, §8001(a)(8), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7961 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4031 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter VI: EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4031: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title II, §2303, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 324
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title II, §2303, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 324
Status: repealed

Section 4031, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §602, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1295, related to statement of purpose.

Section 4032, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §603, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1296, related to definitions.

Section 4033, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §604, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 99–159, title II, §251, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 901; Pub. L. 99–425, title VII, §701, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 977, related to school excellence awards.

Section 4034, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §605, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1296, related to selection of schools for awards.

Section 4035, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §606, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1298, related to amount and conditions of awards.

Section 4036, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §607, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1298, related to special school awards.

Section 4037, Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §608, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1298, related to research, evaluation, dissemination, and monitoring activities.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 98–377, title VI, §601, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1295, which provided that title VI of Pub. L. 98–377 was to be cited as the "Excellence in Education Act", was repealed by Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2303, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 324.
20 U.S.C. § 386 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 16: PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION / Subchapter VIII: LIBRARY LEARNING CENTER PROGRAMS / Section 386: title VII, §708(a)
title VII, §708(a)
Status: in_force

Section 386, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §811, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 109, related to congressional statement of purpose of this part.

Section 386a, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §812, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 110, related to grants to States for library literacy centers.

Section 386b, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §813, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 110, required any State wishing to receive grant to submit to Secretary, through its State library administrative agency, application containing certain required information and assurances, and permitted Secretary to consider priority programs and services in approving such application.

Section 386c, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §814, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 111, required library literacy centers to use funds made available under this part to initiate, expand, and improve literacy services and programs, and provided that no more than 25 percent of grant be used by each center to acquire literacy education computers and computer software.

Section 386d, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §815, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 111, required any local public library desiring to participate in programs and services conducted pursuant to this part to submit application to State or library literacy center, as selected by State under section 386f of this title, and listed requisite content of such application.

Section 386e, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §816, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 112, related to State advisory committees to assist in coordinating services and programs assisted under this part.

Section 386f, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §817, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 112, related to selection of literacy learning centers.

Section 386g, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VIII, §818, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §23(a), 104 Stat. 113; amended Oct. 20, 1994, Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §375(c), 108 Stat. 3979, related to authorization of appropriations for this part.
20 U.S.C. § 107c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 6A: VENDING FACILITIES FOR BLIND IN FEDERAL BUILDINGS / Section 107c: Repealed. Pub. L. 93-516, title II, §205, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1626
Repealed. Pub. L. 93-516, title II, §205, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1626
Status: repealed

Section, act June 20, 1936, ch. 638, §4, 49 Stat. 1560; Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1946, §6, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, §§5, 8 eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631, related to provisions authorizing the Secretary to cooperate with State boards for rehabilitation of handicapped persons, established by the several States pursuant to sections 31 to 42b of Title 29, Labor, as amended and supplemented, in carrying out the provisions of this chapter. See section 701 et seq. of Title 29.

The content of Pub. L. 93–516, including provisions of section 205 thereof which repealed this section, were originally contained in H.R. 14225, 93rd Congress, Second Session, which was pocket-vetoed during the 31-day intrasession adjournment of the 93rd Congress for the Congressional elections in November, 1974.

Pursuant to an order of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Kennedy v. Jones, D.C.D.C. 1976, 412 F.Supp. 353) H.R. 14225 was deemed to have become law without the approval of the President on Nov. 21, 1974, and was given the designation Pub. L. 93–651. Therefore, for purposes of codification, this section should be deemed to have been repealed by Pub. L. 93–651, title II, §205, Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–11, in exactly the same manner as it was repealed by Pub. L. 93–516.
20 U.S.C. § 9519 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9519: Biennial report
Biennial report
Status: in_force

The Director shall, on a biennial basis, transmit to the President, the Board, and the appropriate congressional committees, and make widely available to the public (including by means of the Internet), a report containing the following:

(1) A description of the activities carried out by and through the National Education Centers during the prior fiscal years.

(2) A summary of each grant, contract, and cooperative agreement in excess of $100,000 funded through the National Education Centers during the prior fiscal years, including, at a minimum, the amount, duration, recipient, purpose of the award, and the relationship, if any, to the priorities and mission of the Institute, which shall be available in a user-friendly electronic database.

(3) A description of how the activities of the National Education Centers are consistent with the principles of scientifically valid research and the priorities and mission of the Institute.

(4) Such additional comments, recommendations, and materials as the Director considers appropriate.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §119, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1953.)
20 U.S.C. § 1901 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 41: NATIONAL READING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM / Section 1901: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §701, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 588, set forth statement of purpose for provisions respecting national reading improvement program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 1530(a) of Pub. L. 95–561, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1221e–3 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9409 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 75: EARLY LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES / Section 9409: Grant administration
Grant administration
Status: in_force

(a) Federal administrative costs

The Secretary may use not more than 3 percent of the amount appropriated under section 9404 of this title for a fiscal year to pay for the administrative costs of carrying out this chapter, including the monitoring and evaluation of State and local efforts.

(b) State administrative costs

A State that receives a grant under this chapter may use—

(1) not more than 2 percent of the funds made available through the grant to carry out activities designed to coordinate early learning programs on the State level, including programs funded or operated by the State educational agency, health, children and family, and human service agencies, and any State-level collaboration or coordination council involving early learning and education, such as the entities funded under section 9835(a)(2)(B)(vi) of title 42;

(2) not more than 2 percent of the funds made available through the grant for the administrative costs of carrying out the grant program and the costs of reporting State and local efforts to the Secretary; and

(3) not more than 3 percent of the funds made available through the grant for training, technical assistance, and wage incentives provided by the State to Local Councils.

(c) Lead State Agency

(1) In general

To be eligible to receive an allotment under this chapter, the Governor of a State shall appoint, after consultation with the leadership of the State legislature, a Lead State Agency to carry out the functions described in paragraph (2).

(2) Lead State Agency

(A) Allocation of funds

The Lead State Agency described in paragraph (1) shall allocate funds to Local Councils as described in section 9411 of this title.

(B) Functions of agency

In addition to allocating funds pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Lead State Agency shall—

(i) advise and assist Local Councils in the performance of their duties under this chapter;

(ii) develop and submit the State application;

(iii) evaluate and approve applications submitted by Local Councils under section 9412 of this title;

(iv) ensure collaboration with respect to assistance provided under this chapter between the State agency responsible for education and the State agency responsible for children and family services;

(v) prepare and submit to the Secretary, an annual report on the activities carried out in the State under this chapter, which shall include a statement describing how all funds received under this chapter are expended and documentation of the effects that resources under this chapter have had on—

(I) parental capacity to improve learning readiness in their young children;

(II) early childhood literacy;

(III) linkages among early learning programs;

(IV) linkages between early learning programs and health care services for young children;

(V) access to early learning activities for young children with special needs;

(VI) access to existing early learning programs through expansion of the days or times that children are served;

(VII) access to existing early learning programs through expansion of the number of young children served;

(VIII) access to and affordability of existing early learning programs for low-income families;

(IX) the quality of early learning programs resulting from professional development, and recruitment and retention incentives for caregivers; and

(X) removal of ancillary barriers to early learning, including transportation difficulties and absence of programs during nontraditional work times; and

(vi) ensure that training and research is made available to Local Councils and that such training and research reflects the latest available brain development and early childhood development research related to early learning.

(Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VIII, §810], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–85; Pub. L. 110–134, §29(b), Dec. 12, 2007, 121 Stat. 1449.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–134 substituted "entities funded under section 9835(a)(2)(B)(vi) of title 42" for "entities funded under section 9835(a)(5) of title 42".
20 U.S.C. § 5983 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter VIII: MINORITY-FOCUSED CIVICS EDUCATION / Section 5983: Grants authorized; authorization of appropriations
Grants authorized; authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Grants authorized

(1) In general

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to eligible entities for the development and implementation of seminars in American government and civics for elementary and secondary school teachers and other educators who work with minority and Native American students.

(2) Award rule

In awarding grants under this subchapter, the Secretary shall ensure that there is wide geographic distribution of such grants.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for fiscal 1995, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1996, 1997, and 1998, to carry out this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 103–227, title VIII, §803, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 210.)
20 U.S.C. § 5421 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 64: EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION / Subchapter VI: SCIENCE SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 5421: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Status: repealed

Section 5421, Pub. L. 101–589, title VI, §631, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2910, related to effect of certain controlled substance and felony convictions on eligibility.

Section 5422, Pub. L. 101–589, title VI, §632, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2910, required report by National Science Foundation.
20 U.S.C. § 2322 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Subchapter I: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ASSISTANCE TO THE STATES / Section 2322: Within State allocation
Within State allocation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

From the amount allotted to each State under section 2321 of this title for a fiscal year, the eligible agency shall make available—

(1) not less than 85 percent for distribution under section 2351 or 2352 of this title, of which not more than 15 percent of the 85 percent may be used in accordance with subsection (c);

(2) not more than 10 percent to carry out State leadership activities described in section 2344 of this title, of which—

(A) an amount equal to not more than 2 percent of the amount allotted to the State under section 2321 of this title for the fiscal year shall be made available to serve individuals in State institutions, such as State correctional institutions, juvenile justice facilities, and educational institutions that serve individuals with disabilities;

(B) not less than $60,000 and not more than $150,000 shall be available for services that prepare individuals for non-traditional fields; and

(C) an amount shall be made available for the recruitment of special populations to enroll in career and technical education programs, which shall be not less than the lesser of—

(i) an amount equal to 0.1 percent; or

(ii) $50,000; and

(3) an amount equal to not more than 5 percent, or $250,000, whichever is greater, for administration of the State plan, which may be used for the costs of—

(A) developing the State plan;

(B) reviewing local applications;

(C) monitoring and evaluating program effectiveness;

(D) assuring compliance with all applicable Federal laws;

(E) providing technical assistance; and

(F) supporting and developing State data systems relevant to the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Matching requirement

Each eligible agency receiving funds made available under subsection (a)(3) shall match, from non-Federal sources and on a dollar-for-dollar basis, the funds received under subsection (a)(3).

(c) Reserve

From amounts made available under subsection (a)(1) to carry out this subsection, an eligible agency may award grants to eligible recipients for career and technical education activities described in section 2355 of this title—

(1) in—

(A) rural areas;

(B) areas with high percentages of CTE concentrators or CTE participants;

(C) areas with high numbers of CTE concentrators or CTE participants; and

(D) areas with disparities or gaps in performance as described in section 2323(b)(3)(C)(ii)(II) of this title; and

(2) in order to—

(A) foster innovation through the identification and promotion of promising and proven career and technical education programs, practices, and strategies, which may include programs, practices, and strategies that prepare individuals for nontraditional fields; or

(B) promote the development, implementation, and adoption of programs of study or career pathways aligned with State-identified high-skill, high-wage, or in-demand occupations or industries.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 695; amended Pub. L. 115–224, title I, §111, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1579.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2322, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3086, related to allocations within States, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2322, Pub. L. 88–210, title I, §112, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2443; amended Pub. L. 99–159, title VII, §703, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 101–392, title I, §112, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 102–367, title VI, §601(b)(1), Sept. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1102, related to State councils on vocational education, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(A), substituted "15 percent" for "10 percent".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(B)(i), substituted "2 percent" for "1 percent", "State correctional institutions, juvenile justice facilities, and educational institutions" for "State correctional institutions and institutions", and "disabilities;" for "disabilities; and".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(B)(ii), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(1)(C), substituted "local applications;" for "a local plan;".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–224, §111(2), substituted "section 2355 of this title—" for "section 2355 of this title in—", added pars. (1) and (2), and struck out former pars. (1) to (3) which read as follows:

"(1) rural areas;

"(2) areas with high percentages of career and technical education students; and

"(3) areas with high numbers of career and technical education students."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7922 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7922: Rule of construction regarding travel to and from school
Rule of construction regarding travel to and from school
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to subsection (b), nothing in this chapter shall authorize the Secretary to, or shall be construed to—

(1) prohibit a child from traveling to and from school on foot or by car, bus, or bike when the parents of the child have given permission; or

(2) expose parents to civil or criminal charges for allowing their child to responsibly and safely travel to and from school by a means the parents believe is age appropriate.

(b) No preemption of State or local laws

Notwithstanding subsection (a), nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt State or local laws.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8542, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8034, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2118.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 10004 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 80: STATE FISCAL STABILIZATION FUND / Section 10004: Uses of funds by institutions of higher education
Uses of funds by institutions of higher education
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A public institution of higher education that receives funds under this chapter shall use the funds for education and general expenditures, and in such a way as to mitigate the need to raise tuition and fees for in-State students, or for modernization, renovation, or repair of institution of higher education facilities that are primarily used for instruction, research, or student housing, including modernization, renovation, and repairs that are consistent with a recognized green building rating system.

(b) Prohibition

An institution of higher education may not use funds received under this chapter to increase its endowment.

(c) Additional prohibition

No funds awarded under this chapter may be used for—

(1) the maintenance of systems, equipment, or facilities;

(2) modernization, renovation, or repair of stadiums or other facilities primarily used for athletic contests or exhibitions or other events for which admission is charged to the general public; or

(3) modernization, renovation, or repair of facilities—

(A) used for sectarian instruction or religious worship; or

(B) in which a substantial portion of the functions of the facilities are subsumed in a religious mission.

(Pub. L. 111–5, div. A, title XIV, §14004, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 281.)
20 U.S.C. § 3487 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 3487: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title II, §271(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title II, §271(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 96–88, title IV, §427, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 689, related to application of General Education Provisions Act, 20 U.S.C. 1221 et seq., to functions transferred by this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 2005 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 42: HARRY S TRUMAN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 2005: Truman scholars
Truman scholars
Status: in_force

(a) Basis for award

The Foundation is authorized to award scholarships to persons who demonstrate outstanding potential for and who plan to pursue a career in public service. Award recipients shall be known as Truman scholars.

(b) Maximum period of award

Scholarships under this chapter shall be awarded for such periods as the Foundation may prescribe but not to exceed four academic years.

(c) Recipient's choice of institution

A student awarded a scholarship under this chapter may attend any institution of higher education offering courses of study, training, or other educational activities designed to prepare persons for a career in public service as determined pursuant to criteria established by the Foundation.

(d) Encouragement of recipient to pursue public service career

Each student awarded a scholarship under this chapter must have indicated a serious intent to enter the public service upon the completion of his or her educational program. Each institution of higher education at which such a student is in attendance will make reasonable continuing efforts to encourage such a student to enter the public service upon completing his or her educational program.

(Pub. L. 93–642, §6, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278.)
20 U.S.C. § 4709 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 59: BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4709: Executive Secretary
Executive Secretary
Status: in_force

(a) Appointment by Board

There shall be an Executive Secretary of the Foundation who shall be appointed by the Board. The Executive Secretary shall be the chief executive officer of the Foundation and shall carry out the functions of the Foundation subject to the supervision and direction of the Board. The Executive Secretary shall carry out such other functions consistent with the provisions of this chapter as the Board shall prescribe.

(b) Compensation

The Executive Secretary of the Foundation shall serve as a noncareer appointee of the Senior Executive Service and shall be compensated at a rate determined by the Board in accordance with section 5383 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIV, §1410, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4011; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1089(3), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1485.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–190 substituted "serve as a noncareer appointee of the Senior Executive Service and shall be compensated at a rate determined by the Board in accordance with section 5383" for "be compensated at the rate specified for employees in grade GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332".
20 U.S.C. § 45 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 45: Special meetings of members
Special meetings of members
Status: in_force

The members of the institution may hold stated and special meetings, for the supervision of the affairs of the institution and the advice and instruction of the Board of Regents, to be called in the manner provided for in the by-laws of the institution, at which the President, and in his absence the Vice President, shall preside.

(R.S. §5585.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

R.S. §5585 derived from act Aug. 10, 1846, ch. 178, §8, 9 Stat. 103.
20 U.S.C. § 381 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 16: PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION / Subchapter VII: EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT / Section 381: title VII, §708(a)
title VII, §708(a)
Status: in_force

Section, act June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title VII, §701, as added Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §22(a), 104 Stat. 107, authorized Secretary to carry out program for purpose of evaluating and assessing programs authorized under this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 7275 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7275: Full-service community schools
Full-service community schools
Status: in_force

(a) Application

An eligible entity that desires a grant under this subpart for activities described in this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may require. The Secretary shall require that each such application include the following:

(1) A description of the eligible entity.

(2) A memorandum of understanding among all partner entities in the eligible entity that will assist the eligible entity to coordinate and provide pipeline services and that describes the roles the partner entities will assume.

(3) A description of the capacity of the eligible entity to coordinate and provide pipeline services at 2 or more full-service community schools.

(4) A comprehensive plan that includes descriptions of the following:

(A) The student, family, and school community to be served, including demographic information.

(B) A needs assessment that identifies the academic, physical, nonacademic, health, mental health, and other needs of students, families, and community residents.

(C) Annual measurable performance objectives and outcomes, including an increase in the number and percentage of families and students targeted for services each year of the program, in order to ensure that children are—

(i) prepared for kindergarten;

(ii) achieving academically; and

(iii) safe, healthy, and supported by engaged parents.

(D) Pipeline services, including existing and additional pipeline services, to be coordinated and provided by the eligible entity and its partner entities, including an explanation of—

(i) why such services have been selected;

(ii) how such services will improve student academic achievement; and

(iii) how such services will address the annual measurable performance objectives and outcomes established under subparagraph (C).

(E) Plans to ensure that each full-service community school site has a full-time coordinator of pipeline services at such school, including a description of the applicable funding sources, plans for professional development for the personnel managing, coordinating, or delivering pipeline services, and plans for joint utilization and management of school facilities.

(F) Plans for annual evaluation based upon attainment of the performance objectives and outcomes described in subparagraph (C).

(G) Plans for sustaining the programs and services described in this subsection after the grant period.

(5) An assurance that the eligible entity and its partner entities will focus services on schools eligible for a schoolwide program under section 6314(b) of this title.

(b) Priority

In awarding grants under this subpart for activities described in this section, the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities that—

(1)(A) will serve a minimum of 2 or more full-service community schools eligible for a schoolwide program under section 6314(b) of this title, as part of a community- or district-wide strategy; or

(B) include a local educational agency that satisfies the requirements of—

(i) subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of section 7345(b)(1) of this title; or

(ii) subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 7351(b)(1) of this title;

(2) are consortiums comprised of a broad representation of stakeholders or consortiums demonstrating a history of effectiveness; and

(3) will use funds for evidence-based activities described in subsection (e), defined for purposes of this paragraph as activities meeting the requirements of section 7801(21)(A)(i) of this title.

(c) Planning

The Secretary may authorize an eligible entity receiving a grant under this subpart for activities described in this section to use not more than 10 percent of the total amount of grant funds for planning purposes during the first year of the grant.

(d) Minimum amount

The Secretary may not award a grant under this subpart for activities described in this section to an eligible entity in an amount that is less than $75,000 for each year of the grant period, subject to the availability of appropriations.

(e) Use of funds

Grants awarded under this subpart for activities described in this section shall be used to—

(1) coordinate not less than 3 existing pipeline services, as of the date of the grant award, and provide not less than 2 additional pipeline services, at 2 or more public elementary schools or secondary schools;

(2) to the extent practicable, integrate multiple pipeline services into a comprehensive, coordinated continuum to achieve the annual measurable performance objectives and outcomes under subsection (a)(4)(C) to meet the holistic needs of children; and

(3) if applicable, coordinate and integrate services provided by community-based organizations and government agencies with services provided by specialized instructional support personnel.

(f) Evaluations by the institute of education sciences

The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences, shall conduct evaluations of the effectiveness of grants under this subpart for activities described in this section in achieving the purpose described in section 7271(2) of this title.

(g) Evaluations by grantees

The Secretary shall require each eligible entity receiving a grant under this subpart for activities described in this section to—

(1) conduct annual evaluations of the progress achieved with the grant toward the purpose described in section 7271(2) of this title;

(2) use such evaluations to refine and improve activities carried out through the grant and the annual measurable performance objectives and outcomes under subsection (a)(4)(C); and

(3) make the results of such evaluations publicly available, including by providing public notice of such availability.

(h) Construction clause

Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or otherwise affect the rights, remedies, and procedures afforded school or local educational agency employees under Federal, State, or local laws (including applicable regulations or court orders) or under the terms of collective bargaining agreements, memoranda of understanding, or other agreements between such employees and their employers.

(i) Supplement, not supplant

Funds made available to an eligible entity through a grant under this subpart for activities described in this section may be used only to supplement, and not supplant, any other Federal, State, or local funds that would otherwise be available to carry out the activities assisted under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4625, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4601, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2029.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 7275, 7277 to 7277e, and 7279 to 7279e were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title IV, §4001(b)(1)(C), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1967, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 7275, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5571, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1861, related to grants to combat the impact of experiencing or witnessing domestic violence on elementary and secondary school children.

Section 7277, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5581, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1863, authorized grant program.

Section 7277a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5582, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1863, related to State uses of funds.

Section 7277b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5583, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1864, related to local uses of funds.

Section 7277c, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5584, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1865, related to report to Congress.

Section 7277d, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5585, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1865, related to limitations.

Section 7277e, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5586, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1865, defined term "healthy, high-performance school building".

Section 7279, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5591, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1865, authorized grant program.

Section 7279a, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5592, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1865, related to uses of funds.

Section 7279b, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5593, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1866, related to allotments to States.

Section 7279c, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5594, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1866, related to subgrants to local educational agencies.

Section 7279d, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5595, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1866, defined term "capital expenses".

Section 7279e, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5596, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1866, terminated authority effective Oct. 1, 2003.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 196 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 11: NATIONAL ARBORETUM / Section 196: Concessions, fees, and voluntary services
Concessions, fees, and voluntary services
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding chapters 1 to 11 and section 1302 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41, the Secretary of Agriculture, in furtherance of the mission of the National Arboretum, may—

(1) negotiate concessions and agreements for the National Arboretum with nonprofit scientific or educational organizations, the interests of which are complementary to the mission of the National Arboretum, or nonprofit organizations that support the purpose of the National Arboretum, except that the net proceeds of the organizations from the concessions or agreements, as applicable, shall be used exclusively for—

(A) the research and educational work for the benefit of the National Arboretum; and

(B) the operation and maintenance of the facilities of the National Arboretum, including enhancements, upgrades, restoration, and conservation;

(2) provide by concession, on such terms as the Secretary of Agriculture considers appropriate and necessary, for commercial services for food, drink, and nursery sales, if an agreement for a permanent concession under this paragraph is negotiated with a qualified person submitting a proposal after due consideration of all proposals received after the Secretary of Agriculture provides reasonable public notice of the intent of the Secretary to enter into such an agreement;

(3) dispose of excess property, including excess plants and fish, in a manner designed to maximize revenue from any sale of the property, including by way of public auction, except that this paragraph shall not apply to the free dissemination of new varieties of seeds and germ plasm in accordance with section 2201 of title 7;

(4) charge such fees as the Secretary of Agriculture considers reasonable for temporary use by individuals or groups of National Arboretum facilities and grounds for any purpose consistent with the mission of the National Arboretum;

(5) charge such fees as the Secretary of Agriculture considers reasonable for the use of the National Arboretum for commercial photography or cinematography;

(6) publish, in print and electronically and without regard to laws relating to printing by the Federal Government, informational brochures, books, and other publications concerning the National Arboretum or the collections of the Arboretum; and

(7) license use of the National Arboretum name and logo for public service or commercial uses.

(b) Use of funds

Any funds received or collected by the Secretary of Agriculture as a result of activities described in subsection (a) shall be retained in a special fund in the Treasury. Amounts in the special fund shall be available to the Secretary of Agriculture, without further appropriation, for the use and benefit of the National Arboretum as the Secretary of Agriculture considers appropriate.

(c) Acceptance of voluntary services

The Secretary of Agriculture may accept the voluntary services of organizations described in subsection (a)(1), and the voluntary services of individuals (including employees of the National Arboretum), for the benefit of the National Arboretum.

(d) Recognition of donors

A nonprofit organization that entered into a concession or agreement under subsection (a)(1) may recognize donors if that recognition is approved in advance by the Secretary of Agriculture. In considering whether to approve such recognition, the Secretary shall broadly exercise the discretion of the Secretary to the fullest extent allowed under Federal law.

(Mar. 4, 1927, ch. 505, §6, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §890(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1181; amended Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §601(b), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7602, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 911.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (a), "chapters 1 to 11 and section 1302 of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41" substituted for "the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.) and section 321 of the Act of June 30, 1932 (40 U.S.C. 303b)" on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, which Act enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, §7602(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "negotiate agreements granting concessions at the National Arboretum to nonprofit scientific or educational organizations the interests of which are complementary to the mission of the National Arboretum, except that the net proceeds of the organizations from the concessions shall be used exclusively for research and educational work for the benefit of the National Arboretum;".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79, §7602(2), added subsec. (d).

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–185 substituted "Treasury. Amounts in the special fund shall be available to the Secretary of Agriculture, without further appropriation," for "Treasury".
20 U.S.C. § 1136 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1136: Legal educational opportunity program
Legal educational opportunity program
Status: in_force

(a) Program authority

The Secretary shall carry out a program to be known as the "Thurgood Marshall Legal Educational Opportunity Program" designed to provide low-income, minority, or disadvantaged secondary school and college students with the information, preparation, and financial assistance to gain access to and complete law school study and admission to law practice.

(b) Eligibility

A secondary school student or college student is eligible for assistance under this section if the student is—

(1) from a low-income family;

(2) a minority; or

(3) from an economically or otherwise disadvantaged background.

(c) Contract or grant authorized

The Secretary is authorized to enter into a contract with, or make a grant to, the Council on Legal Education Opportunity, for a period of not less than 5 years—

(1) to identify secondary school and college students who are from low-income families, are minorities, or are from disadvantaged backgrounds described in subsection (b)(3);

(2) to prepare such students for successful completion of a baccalaureate degree and for study at accredited law schools, and to assist them with the development of analytical skills, writing skills, and study methods to enhance the students' success in, and promote the students' admission to and completion of, law school;

(3) to assist such students to select the appropriate law school, make application for entry into law school, and receive financial assistance for such study;

(4) to provide support services to such students who are first-year law students to improve retention and success in law school studies;

(5) to motivate and prepare such students—

(A) with respect to law school studies and practice in low-income communities; and

(B) to provide legal services to low-income individuals and families; and

(6) to award Thurgood Marshall Fellowships to eligible law school students—

(A) who participated in summer institutes under subsection (d)(6) and who are enrolled in an accredited law school; or

(B) who have successfully completed a comparable summer institute program that is certified by the Council on Legal Education Opportunity.

(d) Services provided

In carrying out the purposes described in subsection (c), the contract or grant shall provide for the delivery of services through pre-college programs, undergraduate prelaw information resource centers, summer institutes, midyear seminars, and other educational activities, conducted under this section. Such services may include—

(1) information and counseling regarding—

(A) accredited law school academic programs, especially tuition, fees, and admission requirements;

(B) course work offered and required for law school graduation;

(C) faculty specialties and areas of legal emphasis; and

(D) pre-college and undergraduate preparatory courses in analytical and writing skills, study methods, and course selection;

(2) summer academic programs for secondary school students who have expressed interest in a career in the law;

(3) tutoring and academic counseling, including assistance in preparing for bar examinations;

(4) prelaw mentoring programs, involving law school faculty, members of State and local bar associations, and retired and sitting judges, justices, and magistrates;

(5) assistance in identifying preparatory courses and material for the law school aptitude or admissions tests;

(6) summer institutes for Thurgood Marshall Fellows that expose the Fellows to a rigorous curriculum that emphasizes abstract thinking, legal analysis, research, writing, and examination techniques; and

(7) midyear seminars and other educational activities that are designed to reinforce reading, writing, and studying skills of Thurgood Marshall Fellows and Associates.

(e) Duration of provision of services

The services described in subsection (d) may be provided—

(1) prior to the period of law school study, including before and during undergraduate study;

(2) during the period of law school study; and

(3) during the period following law school study and prior to taking a bar examination.

(f) Subcontracts and subgrants

For the purposes of planning, developing, or delivering one or more of the services described in subsection (d), the Council on Legal Education Opportunity shall enter into subcontracts with, and make subgrants to, institutions of higher education, law schools, public and private agencies and organizations, national and State bar associations, and combinations of such institutions, schools, agencies, organizations, and associations.

(g) Fellowships and stipends

The Secretary shall annually establish the maximum fellowship to be awarded, and the maximum stipend to be paid (including allowances for participant travel and for the travel of the dependents of the participant), to Thurgood Marshall Fellows or Associates for the period of participation in summer institutes, midyear seminars, and bar preparation seminars. A Thurgood Marshall Fellow or Associate may be eligible for such a fellowship or stipend only if the Fellow or Associate maintains satisfactory academic progress toward the Juris Doctor or Bachelor of Laws degree, as determined by the respective institutions (except with respect to a law school graduate enrolled in a bar preparation course).

(h) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §721, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VII, §701, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1794; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §704(a)–(h), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3347, 3348; Pub. L. 111–39, title VII, §701(1), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1954.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1136, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1101, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title XI, §1101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 784, stated findings of Congress, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, §3, title VII, §702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998.

Another prior section 1136, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1101, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title XI, §1101, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1568, stated Congressional findings and purpose relating to partnerships for economic development, prior to the general amendment of subchapter XI of this chapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 1136, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1101, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title XI, §1101, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1491, stated Congressional findings and declaration of purpose, prior to the general amendment of subchapter XI of this chapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 1136, Pub. L. 89–329, title XI, §1101, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title II, §281, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1048; amended Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §191(a), (b), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 323, authorized a program for grants and contracts covering the establishment of a law school clinical experiences regimen, prior to the general amendment of subchapter XI of this chapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

A prior section 721 of Pub. L. 89–329 was renumbered section 341 and is classified to section 1066 of this title.

Another prior section 721 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132c of this title, prior to the general amendment of part A of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 721 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132c of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 721 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132b of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted "services through pre-college programs, undergraduate prelaw information resource centers" for "services through" and all that followed through "resource centers", resulting in text identical to that after execution of the amendment by Pub. L. 110–315, §704(d)(1). See 2008 Amendment note below.

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(a)(1), inserted "secondary school and" after "disadvantaged" and "and admission to law practice" before period at end.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(b), inserted "secondary school student or" before "college student" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(c)(1), inserted "secondary school and" before "college students".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(c)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "to prepare such students for study at accredited law schools;".

Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(c)(3), (4), added pars. (5) and (6) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "to motivate and prepare such students with respect to law school studies and practice in low-income communities."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(d)(1), which directed insertion of "pre-college programs, undergraduate" before "pre-law", was executed by making insertion before "prelaw" in introductory provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(d)(2)(A), inserted "law school" before "graduation".

Subsec. (d)(1)(D). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(d)(2)(B), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "undergraduate preparatory courses and curriculum selection;".

Subsec. (d)(2) to (7). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(d)(3)–(5), added par. (2), redesignated former pars. (2) to (6) as (3) to (7), respectively, and in par. (7), inserted "and Associates" after "Thurgood Marshall Fellows".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(e), inserted ", including before and during undergraduate study" before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(f), inserted "national and State bar associations," after "private agencies and organizations," and substituted "organizations, and associations" for "and organizations".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(g), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary shall annually establish the maximum stipend to be paid (including allowances for participant travel and for the travel of the dependents of the participant) to Thurgood Marshall Fellows for the period of participation in summer institutes and midyear seminars. A Fellow may be eligible for such a stipend only if the Thurgood Marshall Fellow maintains satisfactory academic progress toward the Juris Doctor or Bachelor of Laws degree, as determined by the respective institutions."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–315, §704(h), substituted "fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years" for "fiscal year 1999 and each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1441 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1441: State interagency coordinating council
State interagency coordinating council
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

A State that desires to receive financial assistance under this subchapter shall establish a State interagency coordinating council.

(2) Appointment

The council shall be appointed by the Governor. In making appointments to the council, the Governor shall ensure that the membership of the council reasonably represents the population of the State.

(3) Chairperson

The Governor shall designate a member of the council to serve as the chairperson of the council, or shall require the council to so designate such a member. Any member of the council who is a representative of the lead agency designated under section 1435(a)(10) of this title may not serve as the chairperson of the council.

(b) Composition

(1) In general

The council shall be composed as follows:

(A) Parents

Not less than 20 percent of the members shall be parents of infants or toddlers with disabilities or children with disabilities aged 12 or younger, with knowledge of, or experience with, programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities. Not less than 1 such member shall be a parent of an infant or toddler with a disability or a child with a disability aged 6 or younger.

(B) Service providers

Not less than 20 percent of the members shall be public or private providers of early intervention services.

(C) State legislature

Not less than 1 member shall be from the State legislature.

(D) Personnel preparation

Not less than 1 member shall be involved in personnel preparation.

(E) Agency for early intervention services

Not less than 1 member shall be from each of the State agencies involved in the provision of, or payment for, early intervention services to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families and shall have sufficient authority to engage in policy planning and implementation on behalf of such agencies.

(F) Agency for preschool services

Not less than 1 member shall be from the State educational agency responsible for preschool services to children with disabilities and shall have sufficient authority to engage in policy planning and implementation on behalf of such agency.

(G) State medicaid agency

Not less than 1 member shall be from the agency responsible for the State medicaid program.

(H) Head Start agency

Not less than 1 member shall be a representative from a Head Start agency or program in the State.

(I) Child care agency

Not less than 1 member shall be a representative from a State agency responsible for child care.

(J) Agency for health insurance

Not less than 1 member shall be from the agency responsible for the State regulation of health insurance.

(K) Office of the Coordinator of Education of Homeless Children and Youth

Not less than 1 member shall be a representative designated by the Office of Coordinator for Education of Homeless Children and Youths.

(L) State foster care representative

Not less than 1 member shall be a representative from the State child welfare agency responsible for foster care.

(M) Mental health agency

Not less than 1 member shall be a representative from the State agency responsible for children's mental health.

(2) Other members

The council may include other members selected by the Governor, including a representative from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), or where there is no BIA-operated or BIA-funded school, from the Indian Health Service or the tribe or tribal council.

(c) Meetings

The council shall meet, at a minimum, on a quarterly basis, and in such places as the council determines necessary. The meetings shall be publicly announced, and, to the extent appropriate, open and accessible to the general public.

(d) Management authority

Subject to the approval of the Governor, the council may prepare and approve a budget using funds under this subchapter to conduct hearings and forums, to reimburse members of the council for reasonable and necessary expenses for attending council meetings and performing council duties (including child care for parent representatives), to pay compensation to a member of the council if the member is not employed or must forfeit wages from other employment when performing official council business, to hire staff, and to obtain the services of such professional, technical, and clerical personnel as may be necessary to carry out its functions under this subchapter.

(e) Functions of council

(1) Duties

The council shall—

(A) advise and assist the lead agency designated or established under section 1435(a)(10) of this title in the performance of the responsibilities set forth in such section, particularly the identification of the sources of fiscal and other support for services for early intervention programs, assignment of financial responsibility to the appropriate agency, and the promotion of the interagency agreements;

(B) advise and assist the lead agency in the preparation of applications and amendments thereto;

(C) advise and assist the State educational agency regarding the transition of toddlers with disabilities to preschool and other appropriate services; and

(D) prepare and submit an annual report to the Governor and to the Secretary on the status of early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families operated within the State.

(2) Authorized activity

The council may advise and assist the lead agency and the State educational agency regarding the provision of appropriate services for children from birth through age 5. The council may advise appropriate agencies in the State with respect to the integration of services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and at-risk infants and toddlers and their families, regardless of whether at-risk infants and toddlers are eligible for early intervention services in the State.

(f) Conflict of interest

No member of the council shall cast a vote on any matter that is likely to provide a direct financial benefit to that member or otherwise give the appearance of a conflict of interest under State law.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §641, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2758.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1441, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §641, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 116, related to State interagency coordinating councils, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1441, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §641, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 185; Pub. L. 95–49, §4, June 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 230; Pub. L. 98–199, §§3(b), 12, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1372; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, §312, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1169; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, §105(b), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3299; Pub. L. 101–476, title V, §501, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1135; Pub. L. 102–421, title II, §203, Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2165, related to grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements for research and related activities, attention deficit disorder centers, and model demonstration programs, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–17, title II, §203(c), June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 157, effective Oct. 1, 1997.
20 U.S.C. § 6339 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6339: Carryover and waiver
Carryover and waiver
Status: in_force

(a) Limitation on carryover

Notwithstanding section 1225(b) of this title or any other provision of law, not more than 15 percent of the funds allocated to a local educational agency for any fiscal year under this subpart (but not including funds received through any reallocation under this subpart) may remain available for obligation by such agency for one additional fiscal year.

(b) Waiver

A State educational agency may, once every 3 years, waive the percentage limitation in subsection (a) if—

(1) the agency determines that the request of a local educational agency is reasonable and necessary; or

(2) supplemental appropriations for this subpart become available.

(c) Exclusion

The percentage limitation under subsection (a) shall not apply to any local educational agency that receives less than $50,000 under this subpart for any fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1127, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1534.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1127 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6338 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
20 U.S.C. § 2821 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: BASIC PROGRAMS / Section 2821: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 2821, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1401, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 186, related to payment methods.

A prior section 2821, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §171, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2187; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to State monitoring and enforcement plan, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2822, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1402, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 186, related to amount of payments to local educational agencies.

A prior section 2822, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §172, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2187; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to reports filed with the Secretary by State educational agencies, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2823, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1403, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 186, related to adjustments where necessitated by appropriations.

A prior section 2823, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §173, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2188; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to recordkeeping, fiscal control, and fund accounting, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2824, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1404, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 187, related to payments for State administration.

A prior section 2824, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §174, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title I, §101(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2188, related to prohibition of consideration of Federal aid in determining State aid, prior to the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 2825, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1405, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 188, related to funds for implementation of school improvement programs.

Section 2826, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1406, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 188, related to limitation on grants to Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
20 U.S.C. § 2008 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 42: HARRY S TRUMAN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 2008: Scholarship conditions
Scholarship conditions
Status: in_force

(a) Satisfactory proficiency and devotion of full time to study or research; unapproved employment

A student awarded a scholarship under the provisions of this chapter shall continue to receive the payments provided in this chapter only during such periods as the Foundation finds that he or she is maintaining satisfactory proficiency and devoting full time to study or research designed to prepare him or her for a career in public service and is not otherwise engaging in gainful employment other than employment approved by the Foundation pursuant to regulation.

(b) Reports; certification by official of institution

The Foundation is authorized to require reports containing such information in such form and to be filed at such times as the Foundation determines to be necessary from any student awarded a scholarship under the provisions of this chapter. Such reports shall be accompanied by a certificate from an appropriate official at the institution of higher education, approved by the Foundation, stating that such student is making satisfactory progress in, and is devoting essentially full time to, study or research, except as otherwise provided in subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 93–642, §9, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278.)
20 U.S.C. § 7292 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7292: Assistance for arts education
Assistance for arts education
Status: in_force

(a) Awards to provide assistance for arts education

(1) In general

Awards made to eligible entities to fulfill the purpose described in section 7291(a)(1) of this title, shall be used for a program (to be known as the "Assistance for Arts Education program") to promote arts education for students, including disadvantaged students and students who are children with disabilities, through activities such as—

(A) professional development for arts educators, teachers, and principals;

(B) development and dissemination of accessible instructional materials and arts-based educational programming, including online resources, in multiple arts disciplines; and

(C) community and national outreach activities that strengthen and expand partnerships among schools, local educational agencies, communities, or centers for the arts, including national centers for the arts.

(b) Conditions

As conditions of receiving assistance made available under this section, the Secretary shall require each eligible entity receiving such assistance—

(1) to coordinate, to the extent practicable, each project or program carried out with such assistance with appropriate activities of public or private cultural agencies, institutions, and organizations, including museums, arts education associations, libraries, and theaters; and

(2) to use such assistance only to supplement, and not to supplant, any other assistance or funds made available from non-Federal sources for the activities assisted under this subpart.

(c) Consultation

In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall consult with Federal agencies or institutions, arts educators (including professional arts education associations), and organizations representing the arts (including State and local arts agencies involved in arts education).

(d) Priority

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities that are eligible national nonprofit organizations.

(e) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a local educational agency in which 20 percent or more of the students served by the local educational agency are from families with an income below the poverty line;

(B) a consortium of such local educational agencies;

(C) a State educational agency;

(D) an institution of higher education;

(E) a museum or cultural institution;

(F) the Bureau of Indian Education;

(G) an eligible national nonprofit organization; or

(H) another private agency, institution, or organization.

(2) Eligible national nonprofit organization

The term "eligible national nonprofit organization" means an organization of national scope that—

(A) is supported by staff, which may include volunteers, or affiliates at the State and local levels; and

(B) demonstrates effectiveness or high-quality plans for addressing arts education activities for disadvantaged students or students who are children with disabilities.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4642, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4601, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2033.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1941 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 41: NATIONAL READING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM / Subchapter II: STATE READING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1941: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Status: repealed

Section 1941, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §711, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 591, set forth provisions respecting statement of purpose for State reading improvement programs.

Section 1942, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §712, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 591, set forth applicability and effective date of provisions respecting State reading improvement programs.

Section 1943, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §713, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 591, set forth requirements for allotments and reallotments for States.

Section 1944, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §714, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 94–194, §4, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1104, set forth provisions respecting requirements for grants for State reading improvement programs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 1530(a) of Pub. L. 95–561, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1221e–3 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9176 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter III: MUSEUM SERVICES / Section 9176: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Grants

For the purpose of carrying out this subchapter, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Director $38,600,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025.

(b) Sums remaining available

Sums appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) for any fiscal year shall remain available for obligation until expended.

(c) Funding rules

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, if the amount appropriated under subsection (a) for a fiscal year is greater than the amount appropriated under such subsection for fiscal year 2020 by more than $10,000,000, then an amount of not less than 30 percent but not more than 50 percent of the increase in appropriated funds shall be available, from the funds appropriated under such subsection for the fiscal year, to enter into arrangements under section 9173 of this title to carry out the State assessments described in section 9173(a)(4) of this title and to assist States in the implementation of such plans.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §276, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–306; renumbered §275 and amended Pub. L. 108–81, title III, §305, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 111–340, title III, §304, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3604; renumbered §276 and amended Pub. L. 115–410, §§19(1), 20, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5421, 5422.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–410, §20(1), substituted "each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025" for "fiscal year 2011 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2012 through 2016".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–410, §20(2), substituted "fiscal year 2020" for "fiscal year 2011".

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340, §304(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "For the purpose of carrying out this subchapter, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Director $38,600,000 for fiscal year 2004 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2005 through 2009."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–340, §304(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of former subsec. (b) read as follows: "Not more than 10 percent of the funds appropriated under this section for a fiscal year may be used to pay for the administrative costs of carrying out this subchapter."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–340, §304(4), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–81, §305(1), substituted "$38,600,000 for fiscal year 2004 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2005 through 2009." for "$28,700,000 for the fiscal year 1997, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1998 through 2002."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–81 effective Oct. 1, 2003, see section 506 of Pub. L. 108–81, set out as a note under section 9101 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6121 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 69: SCHOOL-TO-WORK OPPORTUNITIES / Subchapter II: SCHOOL-TO-WORK OPPORTUNITIES SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS TO STATES / Section 6121: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 6121 to 6127 were omitted pursuant to section 6251 of this title which provided that the authority under this chapter terminated on Oct. 1, 2001.

Section 6121, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §201, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 578, stated purpose of this part.

Section 6122, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §202, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 578, authorized grants to States and territories.

Section 6123, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §203, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 579, related to application for grant.

Section 6124, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §204, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 580, related to approval of application.

Section 6125, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §205, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 580, related to use of amounts from grant.

Section 6126, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §206, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 581, related to maintenance of effort by State.

Section 6127, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §207, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 582, required reports by State.
20 U.S.C. § 7121 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7121: Rule of construction
Rule of construction
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subpart may be construed to—

(1) authorize activities or programming that encourages teenage sexual activity; or

(2) prohibit effective activities or programming that meet the requirements of section 7906 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4111, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4101, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1982.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 4111 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7111 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 114–95.

A prior section 4011 [4111] of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7111 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 107d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 6A: VENDING FACILITIES FOR BLIND IN FEDERAL BUILDINGS / Section 107d: Expenditures
Expenditures
Status: in_force

(a) Personal services, rent, printing, etc.

The Secretary is authorized to make such expenditures out of any money appropriated therefor (including expenditures for personal services and rent at the seat of government and elsewhere, books of reference and periodicals, for printing and binding, and for traveling expenses) as he may deem necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) Preference to blind persons in employment

The Secretary shall, in employing such additional personnel as may be necessary, give preference to blind persons who are capable of discharging the required duties.

(June 20, 1936, ch. 638, §4, formerly §5, 49 Stat. 1560; 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §6, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7873, 60 Stat. 1095; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; renumbered §4 and amended Pub. L. 93–516, title II, §§206, 208(d), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1626, 1629; Pub. L. 93–651, title II, §§206, 208(d), Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–11, 2–14.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

The content of Pub. L. 93–516, including provisions of sections 206 and 208(d) thereof which amended and renumbered this section, were originally contained in H.R. 14225, 93rd Congress, Second Session, which was pocket-vetoed during the 31-day intrasession adjournment of the 93rd Congress for the Congressional elections in November, 1974. See 1974 Amendment note below.

Pursuant to an order of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (Kennedy v. Jones, D.C.D.C. 1976, 412 F.Supp. 353) H.R. 14225 was deemed to have become law without the approval of the President on Nov. 21, 1974, and was given the designation Pub. L. 93–651. Therefore, for purposes of codification, this section should be deemed to have been amended and renumbered by Pub. L. 93–651, title II, §§206, 208(d), Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–11, 2–14, in exactly the same manner as it was amended and renumbered by Pub. L. 93–516.

Amendments

1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–516, §208(d), struck out requirement that at least 50 percent of the additional personnel be blind persons. An identical amendment was made by Pub. L. 93–651. See Codification note above.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions, see note set out under section 107a of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5962 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter VII: SAFE SCHOOLS / Section 5962: Safe schools program authorized
Safe schools program authorized
Status: in_force

(a) Authority

(1) In general

From funds appropriated pursuant to the authority of subsection (b)(1), the Secretary shall make competitive grants to eligible local educational agencies to enable such agencies to carry out projects and activities designed to achieve Goal Six 1 of the National Education Goals by helping to ensure that all schools are safe and free of violence.

(2) Grant duration and amount

Grants under this subchapter may not exceed—

(A) two fiscal years in duration; and

(B) $3,000,000.

(3) Geographic distribution

To the extent practicable, grants under this subchapter shall be awarded to eligible local educational agencies serving rural, as well as urban, areas.

(b) Authorization of appropriations and reservation

(1) Authorization

There are authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1994 to carry out this subchapter.

(2) Reservation

The Secretary is authorized in each fiscal year to reserve not more than 10 percent of the amount appropriated pursuant to the authority of paragraph (1) to carry out national activities described in section 5966 of this title, of which 50 percent of such amount shall be available in such fiscal year to carry out the program described in section 5966(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–227, title VII, §702, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 204.)

1 So in original. Probably should be "Goal Seven".
20 U.S.C. § 5964 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter VII: SAFE SCHOOLS / Section 5964: Applications and plans
Applications and plans
Status: in_force

(a) Application

In order to receive a grant under this subchapter, an eligible local educational agency shall submit to the Secretary an application that includes—

(1) an assessment of the current violence and crime problems in the schools to be served by the grant and in the community to be served by the applicant;

(2) an assurance that the applicant has written policies regarding school safety, student discipline, and the appropriate handling of violent or disruptive acts;

(3) a description of the schools and communities to be served by the grant, the activities and projects to be carried out with grant funds, and how these activities and projects will help to reduce the current violence and crime problems in the schools and communities served;

(4) a description of educational materials to be developed in the first most predominate non-English language of the schools and communities to be served by the grant, if applicable;

(5) if the local educational agency receives Federal education funds, an explanation of how activities assisted under this subchapter will be coordinated with and support any systemic education improvement plan prepared with such funds;

(6) the applicant's plan to establish school-level advisory committees, which include faculty, parents, staff, and students, for each school to be served by the grant and a description of how each committee will assist in assessing that school's violence and discipline problems as well as in designing appropriate programs, policies, and practices to combat such problems;

(7) the applicant's plan for collecting baseline and future data, by individual schools, to monitor violence and discipline problems and to measure the applicant's progress in achieving the purpose of this subchapter;

(8) a description of how, in subsequent fiscal years, the grantee will integrate the violence prevention activities the grantee carries out with funds under this subchapter with activities carried out under the grantee's comprehensive plan for drug and violence prevention adopted under the Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986;

(9) a description of how the grantee will coordinate the grantee's school crime and violence prevention efforts with education, law enforcement, judicial, health, and social service programs supported under the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 [34 U.S.C. 11101 et seq.], and other appropriate agencies and organizations serving the community;

(10) a description of how the grantee will inform parents about the extent of crime and violence in their children's schools and maximize the participation of parents in the grantee's violence prevention activities;

(11) an assurance that grant funds under this subchapter will be used to supplement and not supplant State and local funds that would, in the absence of funds under this subchapter, be made available by the applicant for the purposes of the grant;

(12) an assurance that the applicant will cooperate with, and provide assistance to, the Secretary in gathering statistics and other data the Secretary determines are necessary to determine the effectiveness of projects and activities assisted under this subchapter or the extent of school violence and discipline problems throughout the Nation; and

(13) such other information as the Secretary may require.

(b) Plan

In order to receive funds under this subchapter for a second year, a grantee shall submit to the Secretary a comprehensive, long-term, school safety plan for reducing and preventing school violence and discipline problems. Such plan shall contain a description of how the grantee will coordinate the grantee's school crime and violence prevention efforts with education, law-enforcement, judicial, health, social service, and other appropriate agencies and organizations serving the community.

(Pub. L. 103–227, title VII, §704, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 205.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(8), is title V of Pub. L. 89–10 as added by Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 252, which was classified generally to subchapter V (§3171 et seq.) of chapter 47 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a)(9), is Pub. L. 93–415, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109, which is classified principally to chapter 111 (§11101 et seq.) of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Act note set out under section 10101 of Title 34 and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 1234b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234b: Measure of recovery
Measure of recovery
Status: in_force

(a) Amount returned proportionate to extent of harm violation caused to an identifiable Federal interest; reduction; determination of identifiable Federal interest

(1) A recipient determined to have made an unallowable expenditure, or to have otherwise failed to discharge its responsibility to account properly for funds, shall be required to return funds in an amount that is proportionate to the extent of the harm its violation caused to an identifiable Federal interest associated with the program under which the recipient received the award. Such amount shall be reduced in whole or in part by an amount that is proportionate to the extent the mitigating circumstances caused the violation.

(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1), an identifiable Federal interest includes, but is not limited to, serving only eligible beneficiaries; providing only authorized services or benefits; complying with expenditure requirements and conditions (such as set-aside, excess cost, maintenance of effort, comparability, supplement-not-supplant, and matching requirements); preserving the integrity of planning, application, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements; and maintaining accountability for the use of funds.

(b) Reduction or waiver of amount based on mitigating circumstances; burden of proof; determination of mitigating circumstances; weight, etc., of written request for guidance

(1) When a State or local educational agency is determined to have made an unallowable expenditure, or to have otherwise failed to discharge its responsibility to account properly for funds, and mitigating circumstances exist, as described in paragraph (2), the judge shall reduce such amount by an amount that is proportionate to the extent the mitigating circumstances caused the violation. Furthermore, the judge is authorized to determine that no recovery is justified when mitigating circumstances warrant. The burden of demonstrating the existence of mitigating circumstances shall be upon the State or local educational agency.

(2) For the purpose of paragraph (1), mitigating circumstances exist only when it would be unjust to compel the recovery of funds because the State or local educational agency—

(A) actually and reasonably relied upon erroneous written guidance provided by the Department;

(B) made an expenditure or engaged in a practice after—

(i) the State or local educational agency submitted to the Secretary, in good faith, a written request for guidance with respect to the expenditure or practice at issue, and

(ii) a Department official did not respond within 90 days of receipt by the Department of such request; or

(C) actually and reasonably relied upon a judicial decree issued to the recipient.

(3) A written request for guidance as described in paragraph (2) sent by certified mail (return receipt requested) shall be conclusive proof of receipt by the Department.

(4) If the Secretary responds to a written request for guidance described in paragraph (2)(B) more than 90 days after its receipt, the State or local educational agency that submitted the request shall comply with the guidance received at the earliest practicable time.

(5) In order to demonstrate the existence of the mitigating circumstances described in paragraph (2)(B), the State or local educational agency shall demonstrate that—

(A) the written request for guidance accurately described the proposed expenditure or practice and included the facts necessary for a determination of its legality; and

(B) the written request for guidance contained a certification by the chief legal officer of the State educational agency that such officer had examined the proposed expenditure or practice and believed the proposed expenditure or practice was permissible under then applicable State and Federal law; and

(C) the State or local educational agency reasonably believed that the proposed expenditure or practice was permissible under then applicable State and Federal law.

(6) The Secretary shall disseminate to State educational agencies responses to written requests for guidance, described in paragraph (5), that reflect significant interpretations of applicable law or policy.

(c) Review of written requests for guidance on periodic basis

The Secretary shall periodically review the written requests for guidance submitted under this section to determine the need for new or supplementary regulatory or other guidance under applicable programs.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §453, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1232, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2349; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 353.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to measure of recovery for provisions relating to withholdings. See section 1234d of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1234 of this title.