42 U.S.C. § 294r (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter V: HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION / Section 294r: State health care workforce development grants
State health care workforce development grants
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established a competitive health care workforce development grant program (referred to in this section as the "program") for the purpose of enabling State partnerships to complete comprehensive planning and to carry out activities leading to coherent and comprehensive health care workforce development strategies at the State and local levels.

(b) Fiscal and administrative agent

The Health Resources and Services Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the "Administration") shall be the fiscal and administrative agent for the grants awarded under this section. The Administration is authorized to carry out the program, in consultation with the National Health Care Workforce Commission (referred to in this section as the "Commission"), which shall review reports on the development, implementation, and evaluation activities of the grant program, including—

(1) administering the grants;

(2) providing technical assistance to grantees; and

(3) reporting performance information to the Commission.

(c) Planning grants

(1) Amount and duration

A planning grant shall be awarded under this subsection for a period of not more than one year and the maximum award may not be more than $150,000.

(2) Eligibility

To be eligible to receive a planning grant, an entity shall be an eligible partnership. An eligible partnership shall be a State workforce investment board, if it includes or modifies the members to include at least one representative from each of the following: health care employer, labor organization, a public 2-year institution of higher education, a public 4-year institution of higher education, the recognized State federation of labor, the State public secondary education agency, the State P–16 or P–20 Council if such a council exists, and a philanthropic organization that is actively engaged in providing learning, mentoring, and work opportunities to recruit, educate, and train individuals for, and retain individuals in, careers in health care and related industries.

(3) Fiscal and administrative agent

The Governor of the State receiving a planning grant has the authority to appoint a fiscal and an administrative agency for the partnership.

(4) Application

Each State partnership desiring a planning grant shall submit an application to the Administrator of the Administration at such time and in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Administrator may reasonable 1 require. Each application submitted for a planning grant shall describe the members of the State partnership, the activities for which assistance is sought, the proposed performance benchmarks to be used to measure progress under the planning grant, a budget for use of the funds to complete the required activities described in paragraph (5), and such additional assurance and information as the Administrator determines to be essential to ensure compliance with the grant program requirements.

(5) Required activities

A State partnership receiving a planning grant shall carry out the following:

(A) Analyze State labor market information in order to create health care career pathways for students and adults, including dislocated workers.

(B) Identify current and projected high demand State or regional health care sectors for purposes of planning career pathways.

(C) Identify existing Federal, State, and private resources to recruit, educate or train, and retain a skilled health care workforce and strengthen partnerships.

(D) Describe the academic and health care industry skill standards for high school graduation, for entry into postsecondary education, and for various credentials and licensure.

(E) Describe State secondary and postsecondary education and training policies, models, or practices for the health care sector, including career information and guidance counseling.

(F) Identify Federal or State policies or rules to developing 2 a coherent and comprehensive health care workforce development strategy and barriers and a plan to resolve these barriers.

(G) Participate in the Administration's evaluation and reporting activities.

(6) Performance and evaluation

Before the State partnership receives a planning grant, such partnership and the Administrator of the Administration shall jointly determine the performance benchmarks that will be established for the purposes of the planning grant.

(7) Match

Each State partnership receiving a planning grant shall provide an amount, in cash or in kind, that is not less that 15 percent of the amount of the grant, to carry out the activities supported by the grant. The matching requirement may be provided from funds available under other Federal, State, local or private sources to carry out the activities.

(8) Report

(A) Report to administration

Not later than 1 year after a State partnership receives a planning grant, the partnership shall submit a report to the Administration on the State's performance of the activities under the grant, including the use of funds, including matching funds, to carry out required activities, and a description of the progress of the State workforce investment board in meeting the performance benchmarks.

(B) Report to Congress

The Administration shall submit a report to Congress analyzing the planning activities, performance, and fund utilization of each State grant recipient, including an identification of promising practices and a profile of the activities of each State grant recipient.

(d) Implementation grants

(1) In general

The Administration shall—

(A) competitively award implementation grants to State partnerships to enable such partnerships to implement activities that will result in a coherent and comprehensive plan for health workforce development that will address current and projected workforce demands within the State; and

(B) inform the Commission and Congress about the awards made.

(2) Duration

An implementation grant shall be awarded for a period of no more than 2 years, except in those cases where the Administration determines that the grantee is high performing and the activities supported by the grant warrant up to 1 additional year of funding.

(3) Eligibility

To be eligible for an implementation grant, a State partnership shall have—

(A) received a planning grant under subsection (c) and completed all requirements of such grant; or

(B) completed a satisfactory application, including a plan to coordinate with required partners and complete the required activities during the 2 year period of the implementation grant.

(4) Fiscal and administrative agent

A State partnership receiving an implementation grant shall appoint a fiscal and an administration agent for the implementation of such grant.

(5) Application

Each eligible State partnership desiring an implementation grant shall submit an application to the Administration at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Administration may reasonably require. Each application submitted shall include—

(A) a description of the members of the State partnership;

(B) a description of how the State partnership completed the required activities under the planning grant, if applicable;

(C) a description of the activities for which implementation grant funds are sought, including grants to regions by the State partnership to advance coherent and comprehensive regional health care workforce planning activities;

(D) a description of how the State partnership will coordinate with required partners and complete the required partnership activities during the duration of an implementation grant;

(E) a budget proposal of the cost of the activities supported by the implementation grant and a timeline for the provision of matching funds required;

(F) proposed performance benchmarks to be used to assess and evaluate the progress of the partnership activities;

(G) a description of how the State partnership will collect data to report progress in grant activities; and

(H) such additional assurances as the Administration determines to be essential to ensure compliance with grant requirements.

(6) Required activities

(A) In general

A State partnership that receives an implementation grant may reserve not less than 60 percent of the grant funds to make grants to be competitively awarded by the State partnership, consistent with State procurement rules, to encourage regional partnerships to address health care workforce development needs and to promote innovative health care workforce career pathway activities, including career counseling, learning, and employment.

(B) Eligible partnership duties

An eligible State partnership receiving an implementation grant shall—

(i) identify and convene regional leadership to discuss opportunities to engage in statewide health care workforce development planning, including the potential use of competitive grants to improve the development, distribution, and diversity of the regional health care workforce; the alignment of curricula for health care careers; and the access to quality career information and guidance and education and training opportunities;

(ii) in consultation with key stakeholders and regional leaders, take appropriate steps to reduce Federal, State, or local barriers to a comprehensive and coherent strategy, including changes in State or local policies to foster coherent and comprehensive health care workforce development activities, including health care career pathways at the regional and State levels, career planning information, retraining for dislocated workers, and as appropriate, requests for Federal program or administrative waivers;

(iii) develop, disseminate, and review with key stakeholders a preliminary statewide strategy that addresses short- and long-term health care workforce development supply versus demand;

(iv) convene State partnership members on a regular basis, and at least on a semiannual basis;

(v) assist leaders at the regional level to form partnerships, including technical assistance and capacity building activities;

(vi) collect and assess data on and report on the performance benchmarks selected by the State partnership and the Administration for implementation activities carried out by regional and State partnerships; and

(vii) participate in the Administration's evaluation and reporting activities.

(7) Performance and evaluation

Before the State partnership receives an implementation grant, it and the Administrator shall jointly determine the performance benchmarks that shall be established for the purposes of the implementation grant.

(8) Match

Each State partnership receiving an implementation grant shall provide an amount, in cash or in kind that is not less than 25 percent of the amount of the grant, to carry out the activities supported by the grant. The matching funds may be provided from funds available from other Federal, State, local, or private sources to carry out such activities.

(9) Reports

(A) Report to administration

For each year of the implementation grant, the State partnership receiving the implementation grant shall submit a report to the Administration on the performance of the State of the grant activities, including a description of the use of the funds, including matched funds, to complete activities, and a description of the performance of the State partnership in meeting the performance benchmarks.

(B) Report to Congress

The Administration shall submit a report to Congress analyzing implementation activities, performance, and fund utilization of the State grantees, including an identification of promising practices and a profile of the activities of each State grantee.

(e) Authorization for appropriations

(1) Planning grants

There are authorized to be appropriated to award planning grants under subsection (c) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year.

(2) Implementation grants

There are authorized to be appropriated to award implementation grants under subsection (d), $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, and such sums as may be necessary for each subsequent fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 111–148, title V, §5102, Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 599.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and not as part of the Public Health Service Act which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 294r, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §751, as added Nov. 4, 1988, Pub. L. 100–607, title VI, §604, 102 Stat. 3126, which related to establishment of a loan repayment program for allied health personnel, was omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–408.

Another prior section 294r, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VII, §748, as added Oct. 12, 1976, Pub. L. 94–484, title IV, §408(a), 90 Stat. 2279; amended Aug. 1, 1977, Pub. L. 95–83, title III, §307(f), 91 Stat. 391; Dec. 19, 1977, Pub. L. 95–215, §3, 91 Stat. 1504; Sept. 29, 1979, Pub. L. 96–76, title II, §206(a), 93 Stat. 583, which related to traineeships for students in schools of public health, was renumbered section 792 of act July 1, 1944, by Pub. L. 97–35 and transferred to section 295h–1b of this title, and was subsequently omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–408.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definitions

For definitions of terms used in this section, see section 5002(a) of Pub. L. 111–148, set out as a note under section 294q of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "reasonably".

2 So in original. Probably should be "develop".
42 U.S.C. § 296 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter VI: NURSING WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT / Section 296: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter:

(1) Eligible entities

The term "eligible entities" means schools of nursing, nursing centers, academic health centers, State or local governments, and other public or private nonprofit entities determined appropriate by the Secretary that submit to the Secretary an application in accordance with section 296a of this title.

(2) School of nursing

The term "school of nursing" means an accredited (as defined in paragraph 6) collegiate, associate degree, or diploma school of nursing in a State where graduates are—

(A) authorized to sit for the National Council Licensure EXamination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX–RN); or

(B) licensed registered nurses who will receive a graduate or equivalent degree or training to become an advanced education nurse as defined by section 296j(b) of this title.

(3) Collegiate school of nursing

The term "collegiate school of nursing" means a department, division, or other administrative unit in a college or university which provides primarily or exclusively a program of education in professional nursing and related subjects leading to the degree of bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, bachelor of nursing, or to an equivalent degree, or to a graduate degree in nursing, or to an equivalent degree, and including advanced training related to such program of education provided by such school, but only if such program, or such unit, college or university is accredited.

(4) Associate degree school of nursing

The term "associate degree school of nursing" means a department, division, or other administrative unit in a junior college, community college, college, or university which provides primarily or exclusively a two-year program of education in professional nursing and allied subjects leading to an associate degree in nursing or to an equivalent degree, but only if such program, or such unit, college, or university is accredited.

(5) Diploma school of nursing

The term "diploma school of nursing" means a school affiliated with a hospital or university, or an independent school, which provides primarily or exclusively a program of education in professional nursing and allied subjects leading to a diploma or to equivalent indicia that such program has been satisfactorily completed, but only if such program, or such affiliated school or such hospital or university or such independent school is accredited.

(6) Accredited

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term "accredited" when applied to any program of nurse education means a program accredited by a recognized body or bodies, or by a State agency, approved for such purpose by the Secretary of Education and when applied to a hospital, school, college, or university (or a unit thereof) means a hospital, school, college, or university (or a unit thereof) which is accredited by a recognized body or bodies, or by a State agency, approved for such purpose by the Secretary of Education. For the purpose of this paragraph, the Secretary of Education shall publish a list of recognized accrediting bodies, and of State agencies, which the Secretary of Education determines to be reliable authority as to the quality of education offered.

(B) New programs

A new program of nursing that, by reason of an insufficient period of operation, is not, at the time of the submission of an application for a grant or contract under this subchapter, eligible for accreditation by such a recognized body or bodies or State agency, shall be deemed accredited for purposes of this subchapter if the Secretary of Education finds, after consultation with the appropriate accreditation body or bodies, that there is reasonable assurance that the program will meet the accreditation standards of such body or bodies prior to the beginning of the academic year following the normal graduation date of students of the first entering class in such a program.

(7) Nonprofit

The term "nonprofit" as applied to any school, agency, organization, or institution means one which is a corporation or association, or is owned and operated by one or more corporations or associations, no part of the net earnings of which inures, or may lawfully inure, to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.

(8) State

The term "State" means a State, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(9) Ambulatory surgical center

The term "ambulatory surgical center" has the meaning applicable to such term under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.].

(10) Federally qualified health center

The term "Federally qualified health center" has the meaning given such term under section 1861(aa)(4) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)(4)].

(11) Health care facility

The term "health care facility" means an Indian Health Service health center, a Native Hawaiian health center, a hospital, a Federally qualified health center, a rural health clinic, a nursing home, a home health agency, a hospice program, a public health clinic, a State or local department of public health, a skilled nursing facility, an ambulatory surgical center, or any other facility designated by the Secretary.

(12) Home health agency

The term "home health agency" has the meaning given such term in section 1861(o) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395x(o)].

(13) Hospice program

The term "hospice program" has the meaning given such term in section 1861(dd)(2) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395x(dd)(2)].

(14) Rural health clinic

The term "rural health clinic" has the meaning given such term in section 1861(aa)(2) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)(2)].

(15) Skilled nursing facility

The term "skilled nursing facility" has the meaning given such term in section 1819(a) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395i–3(a)].

(16) Accelerated nursing degree program

The term "accelerated nursing degree program" means a program of education in professional nursing offered by an accredited school of nursing in which an individual holding a bachelors degree in another discipline receives a BSN or MSN degree in an accelerated time frame as determined by the accredited school of nursing.

(17) Bridge or degree completion program

The term "bridge or degree completion program" means a program of education in professional nursing offered by an accredited school of nursing, as defined in paragraph (2), that leads to a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Such programs may include, Registered Nurse (RN) to Bachelor's of Science of Nursing (BSN) programs, RN to MSN (Master of Science of Nursing) programs, or BSN to Doctoral programs.

(18) Nurse managed health clinic

The term "nurse managed health clinic" means a nurse-practice arrangement, managed by advanced practice nurses, that provides primary care or wellness services to underserved or vulnerable populations and that is associated with a school, college, university or department of nursing, federally qualified health center, or independent nonprofit health or social services agency.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VIII, §801, as added Pub. L. 105–392, title I, §123(4), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3562; amended Pub. L. 107–205, title I, §101, Aug. 1, 2002, 116 Stat. 811; Pub. L. 111–148, title V, §5002(c), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title III, §3404(a)(1), Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 391.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (9), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title XVIII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XVIII (§1395 et seq.) of chapter 7 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 296, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title VIII, §801 as added Sept. 4, 1964, Pub. L. 88–581, §2, 78 Stat. 908; amended Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–751, §8(a), 80 Stat. 1236; Aug. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–490, title II, §201(a), 82 Stat. 780; Nov. 18, 1971, Pub. L. 92–158, §2(a), 85 Stat. 465; July 29, 1975, Pub. L. 94–63, title IX, §§902(a), 910(a)(1), 89 Stat. 354, 355; Sept. 29, 1979, Pub. L. 96–76, title I, §102, 93 Stat. 579, authorized appropriations for construction grants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–92, §§9(a)(1), 10(a), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 400, 402, effective Oct. 1, 1985.

Amendments

2020—Par. (18). Pub. L. 116–136 added par. (18).

2010—Par. (2). Pub. L. 111–148, §5002(c)(1), substituted "means an accredited (as defined in paragraph 6) collegiate, associate degree, or diploma school of nursing in a State where graduates are—" for "means a collegiate, associate degree, or diploma school of nursing in a State." and added subpars. (A) and (B).

Pars. (16), (17). Pub. L. 111–148, §5002(c)(2), added pars. (16) and (17).

2002—Pars. (9) to (15). Pub. L. 107–205 added pars. (9) to (15).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 105–392, title I, §124, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3574, provided that: "In the case of any authority for making awards of grants or contracts that is terminated by the amendment made by section 123 [enacting sections 296, 296a to 296f, 296j, 296m, 296p, 297q, and 297t of this title, transferring section 298b–2 of this title to section 296g of this title, and repealing sections 296k to 296m, 296r, 297, 297–1, 297c, 298, 298a, 298b, 298b–1, 298b–3 to 298b–5, and 298b–7 of this title], the Secretary of Health and Human Services may, notwithstanding the termination of the authority, continue in effect any grant or contract made under the authority that is in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 13, 1998], subject to the duration of any such grant or contract not exceeding the period determined by the Secretary in first approving such financial assistance, or in approving the most recent request made (before the date of such enactment) for continuation of such assistance, as the case may be."

Reports by Government Accountability Office

Pub. L. 107–205, title II, §204, Aug. 1, 2002, 116 Stat. 818, provided that:

"(a) National Variations.—Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 1, 2002], the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a survey to determine national variations in the nursing shortage at hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care providers, and submit a report, including recommendations, to the Congress on Federal remedies to ease nursing shortages. The Comptroller General shall submit to the Congress this report describing the findings relating to ownership status and associated remedies.

"(b) Hiring Differences Among Certain Private Entities.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study to determine differences in the hiring of nurses by nonprofit private entities as compared to the hiring of nurses by private entities that are not nonprofit. In carrying out the study, the Comptroller General shall determine the effect of the inclusion of private entities that are not nonprofit in the program under section 846 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 297n]. Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 1, 2002], the Comptroller General shall submit to the Congress a report describing the findings of the study.

"(c) Nursing Scholarships.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an evaluation of whether the program carried out under section 846(d) of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 297n(d)] has demonstrably increased the number of applicants to schools of nursing and, not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 1, 2002], submit a report to the Congress on the results of such evaluation."

Purpose

Pub. L. 105–392, title I, §122, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3562, provided that: "It is the purpose of this subtitle [subtitle B (§§121–124) of title I of Pub. L. 105–392, see Short Title of 1998 Amendment note set out under section 201 of this title] to restructure the nurse education authorities of title VIII of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 296 et seq.] to permit a comprehensive, flexible, and effective approach to Federal support for nursing workforce development."

Information Respecting Supply and Distribution of and Requirements for Nurses; Determination Procedures; Surveys and Collection of Dates; Annual Report to Congress on Determinations, Etc.; Review by Office of Management and Budget of Report Prior to Submission

Pub. L. 94–63, title IX, §951, July 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 367, as amended by Pub. L. 95–623, §12(h), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3457, provided that:

"(a)(1) Using procedures developed in accordance with paragraph (3), the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Health and Human Services] (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'Secretary') shall determine on a continuing basis—

"(A) the supply (both current and projected and within the United States and within each State) of registered nurses, licensed practical and vocational nurses, nurse's aides, registered nurses with advanced training or graduate degrees, and nurse practitioners;

"(B) the distribution within the United States and within each State, of such nurses so as to determine (i) those areas of the United States which are oversupplied or undersupplied, or which have an adequate supply of such nurses in relation to the population of the area, and (ii) the demand for the services which such nurses provide; and

"(C) the current and future requirements for such nurses, nationally and within each State.

"(2) The Secretary shall survey and gather data, on a continuing basis, on—

"(A) the number and distribution of nurses, by type of employment and location of practice;

"(B) the number of nurses who are practicing full time and those who are employed part time, within the United States and within each State;

"(C) the average rates of compensation for nurses, by type of practice and location of practice;

"(D) the activity status of the total number of registered nurses within the United States and within each State;

"(E) the number of nurses with advanced training or graduate degrees in nursing, by specialty, including nurse practitioners, nurse clinicians, nurse researchers, nurse educators, and nurse supervisors and administrators; and

"(F) the number of registered nurses entering the United States annually from other nations, by country of nurse training and by immigrant status.

"(3) Within six months of the date of the enactment of this Act [July 29, 1975], the Secretary shall develop procedures for determining (on both a current and projected basis) the supply and distribution of and requirements for nurses within the United States and within each State.

"(b) Not later than October 1, 1979, and October 1 of each odd-numbered year thereafter, the Secretary shall report to the Congress—

"(1) his determinations under subsection (a)(1) and the data gathered under subsection (a)(2);

"(2) an analysis of such determination and data; and

"(3) recommendations for such legislation as the Secretary determines, based on such determinations and data, will achieve (A) an equitable distribution of nurses within the United States and within each State, and (B) adequate supplies of nurses within the United States and within each State.

"(c) The Office of Management and Budget may review the Secretary's report under subsection (b) before its submission to the Congress, but the Office may not revise the report or delay its submission, and it may submit to the Congress its comments (and those of other departments or agencies of the Government) respecting such report."

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.
42 U.S.C. § 16763 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 150: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE PROGRAMS, 2005 / Subchapter V: HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT / Section 16763: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
Status: repealed

Section 16763, Pub. L. 109–155, title V, §503, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929, related to requirements for exploration programs. See section 70502 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.

Section 16764, Pub. L. 109–155, title V, §504, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929, related to ground-based analog capabilities. See section 70503 of Title 51.

Section 16765, Pub. L. 109–155, title V, §505, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2929, related to International Space Station completion. See section 70904 of Title 51.
42 U.S.C. § 14044g (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter III: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN / Section 14044g: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 14044g was editorially reclassified as section 20709 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 2132 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 23: DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY / Subchapter IX / Section 2132: Utilization and production facilities for industrial or commercial purposes
Utilization and production facilities for industrial or commercial purposes
Status: in_force

(a) Issuance of licenses

Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c), or otherwise specifically authorized by law, any license hereafter issued for a utilization or production facility for industrial or commercial purposes shall be issued pursuant to section 2133 of this title.

(b) Facilities constructed or operated under section 2134(b)

Any license hereafter issued for a utilization or production facility for industrial or commercial purposes, the construction or operation of which was licensed pursuant to section 2134(b) of this title prior to enactment into law of this subsection, shall be issued under section 2134(b) of this title.

(c) Cooperative Power Reactor Demonstration facilities

Any license for a utilization or production facility for industrial or commercial purposes constructed or operated under an arrangement with the Commission entered into under the Cooperative Power Reactor Demonstration Program shall, except as otherwise specifically required by applicable law, be issued under section 2134(b) of this title.

(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, §102, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 936; amended Pub. L. 91–560, §3, Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1472; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, §902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–560 substituted provisions authorizing Commission to issue licenses for a utilization or production facility for industrial or commercial purposes under section 2133, except that license may be issued under section 2134(b), for such utilization or production facility, construction or operation of which was licensed under section 2134(b) before December 19, 1970 or constructed or operated under an arrangement with Commission entered into under Cooperative Power Reactor Demonstration Program, for provisions authorizing Commission to issue licenses pursuant to section 2133 of this title on a determination that such utilization or production facility has been sufficiently developed to be of practical value for industrial or commercial purposes.
42 U.S.C. § 7409 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 85: AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL / Subchapter I: PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES / Section 7409: National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards
National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards
Status: in_force

(a) Promulgation

(1) The Administrator—

(A) within 30 days after December 31, 1970, shall publish proposed regulations prescribing a national primary ambient air quality standard and a national secondary ambient air quality standard for each air pollutant for which air quality criteria have been issued prior to such date; and

(B) after a reasonable time for interested persons to submit written comments thereon (but no later than 90 days after the initial publication of such proposed standards) shall by regulation promulgate such proposed national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards with such modifications as he deems appropriate.

(2) With respect to any air pollutant for which air quality criteria are issued after December 31, 1970, the Administrator shall publish, simultaneously with the issuance of such criteria and information, proposed national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for any such pollutant. The procedure provided for in paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection shall apply to the promulgation of such standards.

(b) Protection of public health and welfare

(1) National primary ambient air quality standards, prescribed under subsection (a) shall be ambient air quality standards the attainment and maintenance of which in the judgment of the Administrator, based on such criteria and allowing an adequate margin of safety, are requisite to protect the public health. Such primary standards may be revised in the same manner as promulgated.

(2) Any national secondary ambient air quality standard prescribed under subsection (a) shall specify a level of air quality the attainment and maintenance of which in the judgment of the Administrator, based on such criteria, is requisite to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects associated with the presence of such air pollutant in the ambient air. Such secondary standards may be revised in the same manner as promulgated.

(c) National primary ambient air quality standard for nitrogen dioxide

The Administrator shall, not later than one year after August 7, 1977, promulgate a national primary ambient air quality standard for NO2 concentrations over a period of not more than 3 hours unless, based on the criteria issued under section 7408(c) of this title, he finds that there is no significant evidence that such a standard for such a period is requisite to protect public health.

(d) Review and revision of criteria and standards; independent scientific review committee; appointment; advisory functions

(1) Not later than December 31, 1980, and at five-year intervals thereafter, the Administrator shall complete a thorough review of the criteria published under section 7408 of this title and the national ambient air quality standards promulgated under this section and shall make such revisions in such criteria and standards and promulgate such new standards as may be appropriate in accordance with section 7408 of this title and subsection (b) of this section. The Administrator may review and revise criteria or promulgate new standards earlier or more frequently than required under this paragraph.

(2)(A) The Administrator shall appoint an independent scientific review committee composed of seven members including at least one member of the National Academy of Sciences, one physician, and one person representing State air pollution control agencies.

(B) Not later than January 1, 1980, and at five-year intervals thereafter, the committee referred to in subparagraph (A) shall complete a review of the criteria published under section 7408 of this title and the national primary and secondary ambient air quality standards promulgated under this section and shall recommend to the Administrator any new national ambient air quality standards and revisions of existing criteria and standards as may be appropriate under section 7408 of this title and subsection (b) of this section.

(C) Such committee shall also (i) advise the Administrator of areas in which additional knowledge is required to appraise the adequacy and basis of existing, new, or revised national ambient air quality standards, (ii) describe the research efforts necessary to provide the required information, (iii) advise the Administrator on the relative contribution to air pollution concentrations of natural as well as anthropogenic activity, and (iv) advise the Administrator of any adverse public health, welfare, social, economic, or energy effects which may result from various strategies for attainment and maintenance of such national ambient air quality standards.

(July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title I, §109, as added Pub. L. 91–604, §4(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1679; amended Pub. L. 95–95, title I, §106, Aug. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 691.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1857c–4 of this title.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 109 of act July 14, 1955, was renumbered section 116 by Pub. L. 91–604 and is classified to section 7416 of this title.

Amendments

1977—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–95, §106(b), added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–95, §106(a), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–95 effective Aug. 7, 1977, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 406(d) of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as a note under section 7401 of this title.

Modification or Rescission of Rules, Regulations, Orders, Determinations, Contracts, Certifications, Authorizations, Delegations, and Other Actions

All rules, regulations, orders, determinations, contracts, certifications, authorizations, delegations, or other actions duly issued, made, or taken by or pursuant to act July 14, 1955, the Clean Air Act, as in effect immediately prior to the date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–95 [Aug. 7, 1977] to continue in full force and effect until modified or rescinded in accordance with act July 14, 1955, as amended by Pub. L. 95–95 [this chapter], see section 406(b) of Pub. L. 95–95, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 7401 of this title.

Termination of Advisory Committees

Advisory committees established after Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date of their establishment, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 1013 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Role of Secondary Standards

Pub. L. 101–549, title VIII, §817, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2697, provided that:

"(a) Report.—The Administrator shall request the National Academy of Sciences to prepare a report to the Congress on the role of national secondary ambient air quality standards in protecting welfare and the environment. The report shall:

"(1) include information on the effects on welfare and the environment which are caused by ambient concentrations of pollutants listed pursuant to section 108 [42 U.S.C. 7408] and other pollutants which may be listed;

"(2) estimate welfare and environmental costs incurred as a result of such effects;

"(3) examine the role of secondary standards and the State implementation planning process in preventing such effects;

"(4) determine ambient concentrations of each such pollutant which would be adequate to protect welfare and the environment from such effects;

"(5) estimate the costs and other impacts of meeting secondary standards; and

"(6) consider other means consistent with the goals and objectives of the Clean Air Act [42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.] which may be more effective than secondary standards in preventing or mitigating such effects.

"(b) Submission to Congress; Comments; Authorization.—(1) The report shall be transmitted to the Congress not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 [Nov. 15, 1990].

"(2) At least 90 days before issuing a report the Administrator shall provide an opportunity for public comment on the proposed report. The Administrator shall include in the final report a summary of the comments received on the proposed report.

"(3) There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section."
42 U.S.C. § 12754 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 130: NATIONAL AFFORDABLE HOUSING / Subchapter II: INVESTMENT IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING / Section 12754: Limitation on jurisdictions under court order
Limitation on jurisdictions under court order
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the Secretary shall ensure that funds provided under this part are not employed to carry out housing remedies or to pay fines, penalties, or costs associated with an action in which—

(1) a participating jurisdiction has been adjudicated, by a Federal, State, or local court, to be in violation of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.], the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.], or any other Federal, State, or local law promoting fair housing or prohibiting discrimination, or

(2) a settlement has been entered into in any case where claims of such violations have been asserted against a participating jurisdiction, except to the extent permitted by subsection (b).

(b) Remedial use of funds permitted

In the case of settlement described in subsection (a)(2), a jurisdiction may use funds provided under this Act to carry out housing remedies with eligible activities.

(Pub. L. 101–625, title II, §224, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4113.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 101–625, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4079, known as the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12701 of this title and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of this title and Tables.

The Fair Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is title VIII of Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 81, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of this title and Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 300w (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter XVII: BLOCK GRANTS / Section 300w: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) For the purpose of allotments under section 300w–1 of this title, there are authorized to be appropriated $205,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1994 through 1998.

(b) Of the amount appropriated for any fiscal year under subsection (a), at least $7,000,000 shall be made available for allotments under section 300w–1(b) of this title.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title XIX, §1901, as added Pub. L. 97–35, title IX, §901, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 535; amended Pub. L. 98–555, §4, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2855; Pub. L. 100–607, title III, §301(a), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3111; Pub. L. 102–531, title I, §101, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3469; Pub. L. 103–183, title VII, §705(e), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2241.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–183 substituted "through 1998" for "through 1997".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–531, §101(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "For the purpose of allotments under section 300w–1 of this title, there is authorized to be appropriated $95,000,000 for fiscal year 1982, $96,500,000 for fiscal year 1983, $98,500,000 for fiscal year 1984, $98,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, $98,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, $98,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, $110,000,000 for fiscal year 1989, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1990 and 1991."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–531, §101(b), substituted "$7,000,000" for "$3,500,000".

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–607 struck out "and" after "1986," and inserted ", $110,000,000 for fiscal year 1989, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1990 and 1991" before period at end.

1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–555, §4(a), inserted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1985, 1986, and 1987.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–555, §4(b), substituted "$3,500,000" for "$3,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 97–35, title IX, §901, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 535, provided in part that this subchapter is effective Oct. 1, 1981.
42 U.S.C. § 14041 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter III: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN / Section 14041: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 14041 was editorially reclassified as section 12421 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 3057n (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 35: PROGRAMS FOR OLDER AMERICANS / Subchapter X: GRANTS FOR NATIVE AMERICANS / Section 3057n: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter—

(1) for parts A and B, $37,102,560 for fiscal year 2020, $39,298,714 for fiscal year 2021, $41,626,636 for fiscal year 2022, $44,094,235 for fiscal year 2023, and $46,709,889 for fiscal year 2024; and

(2) for part C, $10,759,920 for fiscal year 2020, $11,405,515 for fiscal year 2021, $12,089,846 for fiscal year 2022, $12,815,237 for fiscal year 2023, and $13,584,151 for fiscal year 2024.

(Pub. L. 89–73, title VI, §643, formerly §633, as added Pub. L. 100–175, title I, §171, Nov. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 963; amended Pub. L. 102–375, title VI, §605, Sept. 30, 1992, 106 Stat. 1270; renumbered §643 and amended Pub. L. 106–501, title VI, §§603, 604(2), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 109–365, title VI, §602, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2590; Pub. L. 114–144, §7, Apr. 19, 2016, 130 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 116–131, title V, §501(1)(A), Mar. 25, 2020, 134 Stat. 267.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2020—Pub. L. 116–131 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2017 to 2019.

2016—Par. (1). Pub. L. 114–144, §7(1), which directed substitution of "$31,934,018 for fiscal year 2017, $32,601,843 for fiscal year 2018, and $33,269,670 for fiscal year 2019;" for "such sums" and all that followed through the semicolon, was executed by making the substitution for "such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2007, and such sums as may be necessary for subsequent fiscal years;" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Par. (2). Pub. L. 114–144, §7(2), which directed amendment of par. (2) by substituting "$7,718,566 for fiscal year 2017, $7,879,982 for fiscal year 2018, and $8,041,398 for fiscal year 2019." for "such sums" and all that followed through the period at the end, was executed by making the substitution for "$6,500,000 for fiscal year 2007, $6,800,000 for fiscal year 2008, $7,200,000 for fiscal year 2009, $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $7,900,000 for fiscal year 2011." to reflect the probable intent of Congress. The words "such sums" did not appear in text following the amendment by Pub. L. 109–365, §602(2).

2006—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–365, §602(1), substituted "2007" for "2001".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 109–365, §602(2), substituted "$6,500,000 for fiscal year 2007, $6,800,000 for fiscal year 2008, $7,200,000 for fiscal year 2009, $7,500,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $7,900,000 for fiscal year 2011" for "$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, and such sums as may be necessary for subsequent fiscal years".

2000—Pub. L. 106–501, §603, amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2001 and subsequent years for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years 1992 through 1995.

1992—Pub. L. 102–375 amended section generally, substituting provisions authorizing appropriations of $30,000,000 for fiscal year 1992 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995, and designating 90 percent of such appropriations to carry out part A of this subchapter and 10 percent of such appropriations to carry out part B of this subchapter for provisions authorizing appropriations of $13,400,000 for fiscal year 1988, $16,265,000 for fiscal year 1989, $19,133,000 for fiscal year 1990, and $22,105,000 for fiscal year 1991, designating over 90 percent of such appropriations to carry out part A of this subchapter and less than 10 percent of such appropriations to carry out part B of this subchapter, along with provisions providing a preference for funding of such part A if actual amounts of appropriations fall below 1987 levels and a preference for funding of such part B if the actual amounts of appropriations exceed 1987 levels.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1987, except not applicable with respect to any area plan submitted under section 3026(a) of this title or any State plan submitted under section 3027(a) of this title and approved for any fiscal year beginning before Nov. 29, 1987, see section 701(a), (b) of Pub. L. 100–175, set out as an Effective Date of 1987 Amendment note under section 3001 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 3937 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 49: NATIONAL HOUSING PARTNERSHIPS / Section 3937: National housing partnership
National housing partnership
Status: in_force

(a) Formation of limited partnership; partnership agreement

The corporation is authorized to arrange for the formation, as a separate organization, of a limited partnership (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "partnership") under the District of Columbia Uniform Limited Partnership Act for the purpose of engaging in any of the activities authorized for the corporation under section 3936 of this title, and to enter into a partnership agreement governing the affairs of such limited partnership.

(b) Applicability of other laws; legal status of limited partnership

The partnership shall be subject to the provisions, to the extent consistent with this chapter, of (1) the District of Columbia Uniform Limited Partnership Act and (2) those provisions of the District of Columbia Uniform Partnership Act made applicable by section 6(2) of that Act. Notwithstanding any inconsistency between the provisions of such Acts, or of any other law, and the provisions of this section, the partnership organized pursuant to this section shall be deemed to have the legal status of a limited partnership.

(c) Authorization to enter into partnerships, limited partnerships, or joint ventures organized under State or local laws for purpose of engaging in low and moderate income housing developments, projects, or undertakings

The partnership is authorized to enter into partnerships, limited partnerships, or joint ventures organized under applicable State or local law for the purpose of engaging in low and moderate income housing developments, projects, or undertakings in particular localities.

(d) General partner; capital of partnership; contribution of partners

The corporation shall be the general partner in the partnership. The capital of the partnership and the contributions of the partners shall be in such amounts and at such times as are set forth in or pursuant to the partnership agreement.

(e) Partnership agreement; participation in low and moderate income housing developments, projects, or undertakings; limitation on aggregate initial equity investment

The partnership agreement shall include provisions designed to assure that (1) the partnership shall participate in low and moderate income housing developments, projects, or undertakings in a manner designed to encourage the participation therein of local interests, and (2) in any such development, project, or undertaking the partnership shall not subscribe to more than 25 per centum (including equity investments made in services or property) of the aggregate initial equity investment unless, in the judgment of the corporation as general partner, the balance of the required equity investment is not readily obtainable from other responsible investors residing or doing business in the local community.

(f) Partnership agreement; authorization for stockholders to become limited partners; inclusion of other limited partners; acquisition of assignor's stock by assignee of limited partner; approval of substitution or addition of partnership member

The partnership agreement may without limitation (1) permit each of the stockholders of the corporation to become a member of the partnership as a limited partner, (2) authorize the inclusion of other limited partners in addition to the stockholders of the corporation, (3) provide that the assignee of the partnership interest of a limited partner of the partnership who is also a stockholder of the corporation may not become a substituted limited partner unless he also acquires the assignor's stock of the corporation, and (4) include provisions requiring that the corporation as a general partner approve the substitution or addition of a member of the partnership.

(g) Liability of corporation as general partner; treatment of interest of limited partner in partnership

A corporation which is a limited partner in the partnership shall not become liable as a general partner by reason of the fact that (1) such corporation is a holder of shares of voting stock of the corporation constituting not more than 5 per centum of the total number of outstanding shares of such stock and exercises any of the rights (including voting rights) of a holder of such shares, and/or (2) a person who is an officer or director of such corporation (or of another corporation which controls or is subject to the control of, or is under common control with, such corporation) is a director of the corporation and performs the duties of that office. The interest of a limited partner in the partnership shall not be treated as a stock interest in the corporation, notwithstanding that such interest of a limited partner may be proportionate to his stock interest in the corporation.

(h) Execution of certificate of partnership and amendments

The certificate of the partnership and any amendment thereof required by the District of Columbia Uniform Limited Partnership Act shall be executed and acknowledged by the corporation as member and by each other member of the partnership or his attorney-in-fact duly authorized by power of attorney in writing. The corporation may execute and acknowledge the certificate and any amendment thereof as attorney-in-fact for any member, member to be substituted or added, or assigning member, by whom the certificate or amendment is required to be executed and acknowledged and who has appointed the corporation as such attorney.

(Pub. L. 90–448, title IX, §907, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 549.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The District of Columbia Uniform Limited Partnership Act, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (h), is Pub. L. 87–716, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 655, which is not classified to the Code.

The District of Columbia Uniform Partnership Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 87–709, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 636, which is not classified to the Code.
42 U.S.C. § 2139a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 23: DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY / Subchapter IX / Section 2139a: Regulations implementing requirements relating to licensing for components and other parts of facilities
Regulations implementing requirements relating to licensing for components and other parts of facilities
Status: in_force

(a) Omitted

(b) The Commission, not later than one hundred and twenty days after March 10, 1978, shall publish regulations to implement the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of section 2139 of this title. Among other things, these regulations shall provide for the prior consultation by the Commission with the Department of State, the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Commerce.

(c) The President, within not more than one hundred and twenty days after March 10, 1978, shall publish procedures regarding the control by the Department of Commerce over all export items, other than those licensed by the Commission, which could be, if used for purposes other than those for which the export is intended, of significance for nuclear explosive purposes. Among other things, these procedures shall provide for prior consultations by the Department of Commerce with the Department of State, the Commission, the Department of Energy, and the Department of Defense.

(Pub. L. 95–242, title III, §309(b), (c), Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 141; Pub. L. 103–236, title VII, §714(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, title XII, §1225(e)(4), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–775.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Commission, referred to in text, is defined as meaning the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by section 4(a)(1) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–242, which is classified to section 3203(a)(1) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, and not as part of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 which comprises this chapter.

Section is based on subsecs. (b) and (c) of Pub. L. 95–242. Subsec. (a) of Pub. L. 95–242 amended section 2139 of this title, and subsec. (d) is set out as a note under section 2139 of this title.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §1225(e)(4)(A), substituted "and the Department of Commerce" for "the Department of Commerce, and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, §1225(e)(4)(B), struck out "the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency," after "Department of State,".

1994—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–236 struck out ", as required," after "prior consultations" in last sentence.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective on earlier of Apr. 1, 1999, or date of abolition of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency pursuant to reorganization plan described in section 6601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of Title 22.

Effective Date

Section effective Mar. 10, 1978, except as otherwise provided and regardless of any requirements for the promulgation of implementing regulations, see section 603(c) of Pub. L. 95–242, set out as a note under section 3201 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Secretary of Commerce to be responsible for performing function vested in President by subsec. (c) of this section, see section 3 of Ex. Ord. No. 12058, May 11, 1978, 43 F.R. 20947, set out under section 3201 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Performance of Functions Pending Development of Procedures

The performance of functions under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–242, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 120, not to be delayed pending development of procedures even though as many as 120 days [after Mar. 10, 1978] are allowed for establishing those procedures, see section 5(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 12058, May 11, 1978, 43 F.R. 20947, set out under section 3201 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
42 U.S.C. § 3057k (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 35: PROGRAMS FOR OLDER AMERICANS / Subchapter X: GRANTS FOR NATIVE AMERICANS / Section 3057k: "Native Hawaiian" defined
"Native Hawaiian" defined
Status: in_force

For the purpose of this part, the term "Native Hawaiian" means any individual any of whose ancestors were natives of the area which consists of the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778.

(Pub. L. 89–73, title VI, §625, as added Pub. L. 100–175, title I, §171, Nov. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 963.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1987, except not applicable with respect to any area plan submitted under section 3026(a) of this title or any State plan submitted under section 3027(a) of this title and approved for any fiscal year beginning before Nov. 29, 1987, see section 701(a), (b) of Pub. L. 100–175, set out as an Effective Date of 1987 Amendment note under section 3001 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 3546 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 44: DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT / Section 3546: Use of domestic products
Use of domestic products
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition against fraudulent use of "Made in America" labels

A person shall not intentionally affix a label bearing the inscription of "Made in America", or any inscription with that meaning, to any product sold in or shipped to the United States, if that product is not a domestic product.

(b) Report

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Secretary of Agriculture shall each submit, before January 1, 1994, a report to the Congress on procurements of products that are not domestic products.

(c) "Domestic product" defined

For the purposes of this section, the term "domestic product" means a product—

(1) that is manufactured or produced in the United States; and

(2) at least 50 percent of the cost of the articles, materials, or supplies of which are mined, produced, or manufactured in the United States.

(Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, §920, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3883.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, and not as part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 271 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter II: GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES / Section 271: Penalties for violation of quarantine laws
Penalties for violation of quarantine laws
Status: in_force

(a) Penalties for persons violating quarantine laws

Any person who violates any regulation prescribed under sections 264 to 266 of this title, or any provision of section 269 of this title or any regulation prescribed thereunder, or who enters or departs from the limits of any quarantine station, ground, or anchorage in disregard of quarantine rules and regulations or without permission of the quarantine officer in charge, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.

(b) Penalties for vessels violating quarantine laws

Any vessel which violates section 269 of this title, or any regulations thereunder or under section 267 of this title, or which enters within or departs from the limits of any quarantine station, ground, or anchorage in disregard of the quarantine rules and regulations or without permission of the officer in charge, shall forfeit to the United States not more than $5,000, the amount to be determined by the court, which shall be a lien on such vessel, to be recovered by proceedings in the proper district court of the United States. In all such proceedings the United States attorney shall appear on behalf of the United States; and all such proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the rules and laws governing cases of seizure of vessels for violation of the revenue laws of the United States.

(c) Remittance or mitigation of forfeitures

With the approval of the Secretary, the Surgeon General may, upon application therefor, remit or mitigate any forfeiture provided for under subsection (b) of this section, and he shall have authority to ascertain the facts upon all such applications.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, §368, 58 Stat. 706; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §1, 62 Stat. 909; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Secretary of Health and Human Services" substituted for "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of Title 20, Education.

Act June 25, 1948, eff. Sept. 1, 1948, substituted "United States attorney" for "United States district attorney". See section 541 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and Historical and Revision note thereunder.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Office of Surgeon General abolished by section 3 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, eff. June 25, 1966, 31 F.R. 8855, 80 Stat. 1610, and functions thereof transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 1 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1966, set out as a note under section 202 of this title. Office of Surgeon General reestablished within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, see Notice of Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Mar. 30, 1987, 52 F.R. 11754.

Functions of Federal Security Administrator transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and all agencies of Federal Security Agency transferred to Department of Health, Education, and Welfare by section 5 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953, set out as a note under section 3501 of this title. Federal Security Agency and office of Administrator abolished by section 8 of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1953.
42 U.S.C. § 5177a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 68: DISASTER RELIEF / Subchapter IV: MAJOR DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 5177a: Emergency grants to assist low-income migrant and seasonal farmworkers
Emergency grants to assist low-income migrant and seasonal farmworkers
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of Agriculture may make grants to public agencies or private organizations with tax exempt status under section 501(c)(3) of title 26, that have experience in providing emergency services to low-income migrant and seasonal farmworkers where the Secretary determines that a local, State or national emergency or disaster has caused low-income migrant or seasonal farmworkers to lose income, to be unable to work, or to stay home or return home in anticipation of work shortages. Emergency services to be provided with assistance received under this section may include such types of assistance as the Secretary of Agriculture determines to be necessary and appropriate.

(b) "Low-income migrant or seasonal farmworker" defined

For the purposes of this section, the term "low-income migrant or seasonal farmworker" means an individual—

(1) who has, during any consecutive 12 month period within the preceding 24 month period, performed farm work for wages;

(2) who has received not less than one-half of such individual's total income, or been employed at least one-half of total work time in farm work; and

(3) whose annual family income within the 12 month period referred to in paragraph (1) does not exceed the higher of the poverty level or 70 percent of the lower living standard income level.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXII, §2281, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3978; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10102, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 488.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, and not as part of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171 struck out ", not to exceed $20,000,000 annually," after "Secretary of Agriculture may make grants".
42 U.S.C. § 2979a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 34: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM / Subchapter VI: ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION / Section 2979a: Repealed. Pub. L. 97-35, title VI, §683(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519
Repealed. Pub. L. 97-35, title VI, §683(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519
Status: repealed

Section 2979a, Pub. L. 88–452, title VI, §638, as added Pub. L. 95–568, §13(k), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2436, related to utilization, etc., of regional offices.

Section 2980, Pub. L. 88–452, title VI, §639, formerly §638, as added Pub. L. 90–222, title I, §108(m)(3), Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 721; renumbered §639, Pub. L. 95–568, §13(k), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2436, defined applicable terms.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 9912(a) of this title, prior to the general amendment of chapter 106 (§9901 et seq.) of this title by Pub. L. 105–285.
42 U.S.C. § 17827 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 155: AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ACTIVITIES / Subchapter X: OTHER PROVISIONS / Section 17827: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
Status: repealed

Section 17827, Pub. L. 110–422, title XI, §1112, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4811, provided an exception to alternative fuel procurement requirement. See section 30310 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.

Section 17828, Pub. L. 110–422, title XI, §1116, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4813, related to cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle activities. See section 31504 of Title 51.

Section 17829, Pub. L. 110–422, title XI, §1117, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4813, related to development of enhanced-use lease policy. See section 31505 of Title 51.
42 U.S.C. § 19291 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter VI: MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS / Section 19291: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this part:

(1) Clean energy technology

The term "clean energy technology" means a technology that significantly reduces energy use, increases energy efficiency, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, reduces emissions of other pollutants, or mitigates other negative environmental consequences of energy production, transmission or use.

(2) Department

The term "Department" means the Department of Energy.

(3) Director

The term "Director" means the Director of each National Laboratory and the Director of each Department of Energy single-purpose research facility.

(4) Economically distressed area

The term "economically distressed area" has the meaning described in section 3161(a) of this title.

(5) Grant

The term "grant" means a grant award, cooperative agreement award, or any other financial assistance arrangement that the Secretary of Energy determines to be appropriate.

(6) Institution of higher education

The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given such term in section 1001 of title 20.

(7) National Laboratory

The term "National Laboratory" has the meaning given that term in section 15801 of this title.

(8) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Energy.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, §10701, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1701.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This part, referred to in text, was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle J (§§10701–10727) of title VI of div. B of Pub. L. 117–167, which is classified principally to this part. For complete classification of subtitle J to the Code, see Tables.
42 U.S.C. § 654a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 7: SOCIAL SECURITY / Subchapter IV: GRANTS TO STATES FOR AID AND SERVICES TO NEEDY FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN AND FOR CHILD-WELFARE SERVICES / Section 654a: Automated data processing
Automated data processing
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In order for a State to meet the requirements of this section, the State agency administering the State program under this part shall have in operation a single statewide automated data processing and information retrieval system which has the capability to perform the tasks specified in this section with the frequency and in the manner required by or under this part.

(b) Program management

The automated system required by this section shall perform such functions as the Secretary may specify relating to management of the State program under this part, including—

(1) controlling and accounting for use of Federal, State, and local funds in carrying out the program; and

(2) maintaining the data necessary to meet Federal reporting requirements under this part on a timely basis.

(c) Calculation of performance indicators

In order to enable the Secretary to determine the incentive payments and penalty adjustments required by sections 652(g) and 658a of this title, the State agency shall—

(1) use the automated system—

(A) to maintain the requisite data on State performance with respect to paternity establishment and child support enforcement in the State; and

(B) to calculate the paternity establishment percentage for the State for each fiscal year; and

(2) have in place systems controls to ensure the completeness and reliability of, and ready access to, the data described in paragraph (1)(A), and the accuracy of the calculations described in paragraph (1)(B).

(d) Information integrity and security

The State agency shall have in effect safeguards on the integrity, accuracy, and completeness of, access to, and use of data in the automated system required by this section, which shall include the following (in addition to such other safeguards as the Secretary may specify in regulations):

(1) Policies restricting access

Written policies concerning access to data by State agency personnel, and sharing of data with other persons, which—

(A) permit access to and use of data only to the extent necessary to carry out the State program under this part; and

(B) specify the data which may be used for particular program purposes, and the personnel permitted access to such data.

(2) Systems controls

Systems controls (such as passwords or blocking of fields) to ensure strict adherence to the policies described in paragraph (1).

(3) Monitoring of access

Routine monitoring of access to and use of the automated system, through methods such as audit trails and feedback mechanisms, to guard against and promptly identify unauthorized access or use.

(4) Training and information

Procedures to ensure that all personnel (including State and local agency staff and contractors) who may have access to or be required to use confidential program data are informed of applicable requirements and penalties (including those in section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), and are adequately trained in security procedures.

(5) Penalties

Administrative penalties (up to and including dismissal from employment) for unauthorized access to, or disclosure or use of, confidential data.

(e) State case registry

(1) Contents

The automated system required by this section shall include a registry (which shall be known as the "State case registry") that contains records with respect to—

(A) each case in which services are being provided by the State agency under the State plan approved under this part; and

(B) each support order established or modified in the State on or after October 1, 1998.

(2) Linking of local registries

The State case registry may be established by linking local case registries of support orders through an automated information network, subject to this section.

(3) Use of standardized data elements

Such records shall use standardized data elements for both parents (such as names, social security numbers and other uniform identification numbers, dates of birth, and case identification numbers), and contain such other information (such as on case status) as the Secretary may require.

(4) Payment records

Each case record in the State case registry with respect to which services are being provided under the State plan approved under this part and with respect to which a support order has been established shall include a record of—

(A) the amount of monthly (or other periodic) support owed under the order, and other amounts (including arrearages, interest or late payment penalties, and fees) due or overdue under the order;

(B) any amount described in subparagraph (A) that has been collected;

(C) the distribution of such collected amounts;

(D) the birth date and, beginning not later than October 1, 1999, the social security number, of any child for whom the order requires the provision of support; and

(E) the amount of any lien imposed with respect to the order pursuant to section 666(a)(4) of this title.

(5) Updating and monitoring

The State agency operating the automated system required by this section shall promptly establish and update, maintain, and regularly monitor, case records in the State case registry with respect to which services are being provided under the State plan approved under this part, on the basis of—

(A) information on administrative actions and administrative and judicial proceedings and orders relating to paternity and support;

(B) information obtained from comparison with Federal, State, or local sources of information;

(C) information on support collections and distributions; and

(D) any other relevant information.

(f) Information comparisons and other disclosures of information

The State shall use the automated system required by this section to extract information from (at such times, and in such standardized format or formats, as may be required by the Secretary), to share and compare information with, and to receive information from, other data bases and information comparison services, in order to obtain (or provide) information necessary to enable the State agency (or the Secretary or other State or Federal agencies) to carry out this part, subject to section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Such information comparison activities shall include the following:

(1) Federal Case Registry of Child Support Orders

Furnishing to the Federal Case Registry of Child Support Orders established under section 653(h) of this title (and update as necessary, with information including notice of expiration of orders) the minimum amount of information on child support cases recorded in the State case registry that is necessary to operate the registry (as specified by the Secretary in regulations).

(2) Federal Parent Locator Service

Exchanging information with the Federal Parent Locator Service for the purposes specified in section 653 of this title.

(3) Temporary family assistance and medicaid agencies

Exchanging information with State agencies (of the State and of other States) administering programs funded under part A, programs operated under a State plan approved under subchapter XIX, and other programs designated by the Secretary, as necessary to perform State agency responsibilities under this part and under such programs.

(4) Intrastate and interstate information comparisons

Exchanging information with other agencies of the State, agencies of other States, and interstate information networks, as necessary and appropriate to carry out (or assist other States to carry out) the purposes of this part.

(5) Private industry councils receiving welfare-to-work grants

Disclosing to a private industry council (as defined in section 603(a)(5)(D)(ii) of this title) to which funds are provided under section 603(a)(5) of this title the names, addresses, telephone numbers, and identifying case number information in the State program funded under part A, of noncustodial parents residing in the service delivery area of the private industry council, for the purpose of identifying and contacting noncustodial parents regarding participation in the program under section 603(a)(5) of this title.

(g) Collection and distribution of support payments

(1) In general

The State shall use the automated system required by this section to assist and facilitate the collection and disbursement of support payments through the State disbursement unit operated under section 654b of this title, through the performance of functions, including, at a minimum—

(A) transmission of orders and notices to employers (and other debtors) for the withholding of income—

(i) within 2 business days after receipt of notice of, and the income source subject to, such withholding from a court, another State, an employer, the Federal Parent Locator Service, or another source recognized by the State;

(ii) using uniform formats prescribed by the Secretary; and

(iii) at the option of the employer, using the electronic transmission methods prescribed by the Secretary;

(B) ongoing monitoring to promptly identify failures to make timely payment of support; and

(C) automatic use of enforcement procedures (including procedures authorized pursuant to section 666(c) of this title) if payments are not timely made.

(2) "Business day" defined

As used in paragraph (1), the term "business day" means a day on which State offices are open for regular business.

(h) Expedited administrative procedures

The automated system required by this section shall be used, to the maximum extent feasible, to implement the expedited administrative procedures required by section 666(c) of this title.

(Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title IV, §454A, as added and amended Pub. L. 104–193, title III, §§311, 312(c), 325(b), 344(a)(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2205, 2208, 2226, 2235; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, §1090(a)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 961; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(4) [title VIII, §805(a)(1)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–285; Pub. L. 113–183, title III, §306(a), Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1949.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (d)(4) and (f), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 113–183, §306(a)(1), struck out ", to the maximum extent feasible," after "this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g)(1)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 113–183, §306(a)(2), added cl. (iii).

1999—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 106–113 added par. (5).

1997—Subsec. (e)(4)(D). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted "the birth date and, beginning not later than October 1, 1999, the social security number, of any child" for "the birth date of any child".

1996—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104–193, §311, added subsecs. (e) and (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–193, §312(c), added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–193, §325(b), added subsec. (h).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–183, title III, §306(b), Sept. 29, 2014, 128 Stat. 1949, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2015."

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 effective Oct. 1, 1998, see section 1090(a)(4) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 653 of this title.

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by section 312(c) of Pub. L. 104–193 effective Oct. 1, 1998, with limited exception for States which, as of Aug. 22, 1996, were processing the receipt of child support payments through local courts, see section 312(d) of Pub. L. 104–193, set out as an Effective Date note under section 654b of this title.

Effective Date

For provisions relating to effective date of title III of Pub. L. 104–193, see section 395(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 104–193, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 654 of this title.

Regulations

Pub. L. 104–193, title III, §344(a)(3), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2236, provided that: "The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall prescribe final regulations for implementation of section 454A of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 654a] not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 22, 1996]."
42 U.S.C. § 16274a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 149: NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter IX: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 16274a: University Nuclear Leadership Program
University Nuclear Leadership Program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, and the Chairman of the Commission shall jointly establish a program, to be known as the "University Nuclear Leadership Program".

(b) Use of funds

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2) and subsection (c), amounts made available to carry out the Program shall be used to provide financial assistance for scholarships, fellowships, and research and development projects at institutions of higher education in areas relevant to the programmatic mission of the applicable Federal agency, with an emphasis on providing the financial assistance with respect to research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities relevant to civilian advanced nuclear reactors including, but not limited to—

(A) relevant fuel cycle technologies;

(B) project management; and

(C) advanced construction, manufacturing, and fabrication methods.

(2) Exception

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), amounts made available to carry out the Program may be used to provide financial assistance for a scholarship, fellowship, or multiyear research and development project that does not align directly with a programmatic mission of the Department of Energy, if the activity for which assistance is provided would facilitate the maintenance of the discipline of nuclear science or engineering, which may include nontechnical nuclear research..1

(c) Nuclear energy traineeship subprogram

(1) In general

The Commission shall establish, as a subprogram of the Program, a nuclear energy traineeship subprogram under which the Commission, in coordination with institutions of higher education and trade schools, shall competitively award traineeships that provide focused training to meet critical mission needs of the Commission and nuclear workforce needs, including needs relating to the nuclear tradecraft workforce.

(2) Requirements

In carrying out the nuclear energy traineeship subprogram described in paragraph (1), the Commission shall—

(A) coordinate with the Secretary of Energy to prioritize the funding of traineeships that focus on—

(i) nuclear workforce needs; and

(ii) critical mission needs of the Commission;

(B) encourage appropriate partnerships among—

(i) National Laboratories;

(ii) institutions of higher education;

(iii) trade schools;

(iv) the nuclear energy industry; and

(v) other entities, as the Commission determines to be appropriate; and

(C) on an annual basis, evaluate nuclear workforce needs for the purpose of implementing traineeships in focused topical areas that—

(i) address the workforce needs of the nuclear energy community; and

(ii) support critical mission needs of the Commission.

(d) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Advanced nuclear reactor

The term "advanced nuclear reactor" has the meaning given the term in section 16271(b) of this title.

(2) Commission

The term "Commission" means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

(3) 2 Institution of higher education

The term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given the term in section 15801 of this title.

(4) National Laboratory

The term "National Laboratory" has the meaning given the term in section 16271(b) of this title.

(5) Program

The term "Program" means the University Nuclear Leadership Program established under this section.

(3) 3 Nontechnical nuclear research

The term "nontechnical nuclear research" means research with specializations such as social sciences or law that can support an increase in community engagement, participation, and confidence in nuclear energy systems, including the navigation of the licensing required for advanced reactor deployment, aligned with the objectives in section 16271(a)(2) of this title.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Program for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025—

(1) $45,000,000 to the Secretary of Energy, of which $15,000,000 shall be for use by the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration; and

(2) $15,000,000 to the Commission.

(Pub. L. 111–8, div. C, title III, §313, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 627; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title II, §2003(e), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2465; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, §10745(b), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1721; Pub. L. 118–67, div. B, title IV, §402, July 9, 2024, 138 Stat. 1467.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2009, and also as part of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, and not as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2024—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–67, §402(1), struck out "Nuclear Regulatory" before "Commission".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 118–67, §402(2), inserted "and subsection (c)" after "paragraph (2)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–67, §402(6), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Pub. L. 118–67, §402(3), added pars. (1) to (4), redesignated former par. (2) as (5), and struck out former par. (1) which defined "advanced nuclear reactor" and "institution of higher education".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–67, §402(5), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 118–67, §402(4), struck out "Nuclear Regulatory" before "Commission".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–67, §402(5), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e).

2022—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 117–167, §10745(b)(1), inserted ", which may include nontechnical nuclear research." after "engineering".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 117–167, §10745(b)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 117–167, §10745(b)(3), substituted "$45,000,000" for "$30,000,000".

2020—Pub. L. 116–260 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Integrated University Program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Purpose of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, §10745(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1721, provided that: "The purpose of this section [amending this section] is to support a diverse workforce for the complex landscape associated with effective and equitable development of advanced nuclear energy technologies, including interdisciplinary research to enable positive impacts and avoid potential negative impacts across the lifespan of nuclear energy technologies."

1 So in original.

2 So in original. Another par. (3) follows par. (5).

3 So in original. Another par. (3) follows par. (2).
42 U.S.C. § 12002 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 125: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGY COMPETITIVENESS / Section 12002: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(1) the term "invention" means an invention or discovery that is patented or for which a patent may be obtained under title 35, or any novel variety of plant that is protected or for which plant variety protection may be obtained under the Plant Variety Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.) and that is conceived or reduced to practice as a result of work under an agreement entered into under this chapter;

(2) the term "non-Federal person" means an entity located in the United States, the controlling interest (as defined by the Secretary) of which is held by persons of the United States, including—

(A) a for-profit business;

(B) a private foundation;

(C) a nonprofit organization such as a university;

(D) a trade or professional society; and

(E) a unit of State or local government;

(3) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Energy;

(4) the term "small business", with respect to a participant in any demonstration and commercial application project under this chapter, means a private firm that does not exceed the numerical size standard promulgated by the Small Business Administration under section 632(a) of title 15 for the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code designated by the Secretary of Energy as the primary business activity to be undertaken in the demonstration and commercial application project;

(5) the term "source reduction" means any practice which—

(A) reduces the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment, including fugitive emissions, prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and

(B) reduces the hazards to the public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, or contaminants,

including equipment or technology modifications, process or procedure modifications, reformulation or redesign of products, substitution of raw materials, and improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training, and inventory control, but not including any practice which alters the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics or the volume of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant through a process or activity which itself is not integral to and necessary for the production of a product or the providing of a service; 1

(6) the term "United States" means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.

(Pub. L. 101–218, §3, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1859; Pub. L. 102–486, title XII, §1202(d)(4), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2960.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in introductory provisions and pars. (1) and (4), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–218, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1859, known as the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12001 of this title and Tables.

The Plant Variety Protection Act, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 91–577, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1542, which is classified principally to chapter 57 (§2321 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2321 of Title 7 and Tables.

Amendments

1992—Pars. (2) to (5). Pub. L. 102–486 redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (2) to (4), respectively, in par. (4) substituted "any demonstration and commercial application project" for "any joint venture" and "in the demonstration and commercial application project;" for "in the venture; and", added par. (5), and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: " 'joint venture' means any agreement entered into under this chapter by the Secretary with more than one or a consortium of non-Federal persons (including a joint venture under the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 (15 U.S.C. 4301 et seq.)) for cost-shared research, development, or demonstration of technologies, but does not include procurement contracts, grant agreements, or cooperative agreements as those terms are used in sections 6303, 6304, and 6305 of title 31;".

1 So in original. Probably should be "; and".
42 U.S.C. § 280b (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 6A: PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter II: GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES / Section 280b: Research
Research
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall—

(1) conduct, and give assistance to public and nonprofit private entities, scientific institutions, and individuals engaged in the conduct of, research relating to the causes, mechanisms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation from injuries;

(2) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, public and nonprofit private entities (including academic institutions, hospitals, and laboratories) and individuals for the conduct of such research; and

(3) make grants to, or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with, academic institutions for the purpose of providing training on the causes, mechanisms, prevention, diagnosis, treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation from injuries.

(b) The Secretary, through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall collect and disseminate, through publications and other appropriate means, information concerning the practical applications of research conducted or assisted under subsection (a). In carrying out the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall disseminate such information to the public, including through elementary and secondary schools.

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, §391, as added Pub. L. 99–649, §3, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3633; amended Pub. L. 101–558, §2(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2772; Pub. L. 102–531, title III, §312(d)(3), Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 103–183, title II, §203(b)(2), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2232.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 280b, act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, §390, as added Oct. 22, 1965, Pub. L. 89–291, §2, 79 Stat. 1059; amended Mar. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–212, §§4(b), 5(b), 6(b), 84 Stat. 64, 65; July 23, 1974, Pub. L. 93–353, title II, §§201(a), (b), 202(a), 88 Stat. 371, 372; Aug. 1, 1977, Pub. L. 95–83, title II, §202, 91 Stat. 386; Nov. 9, 1978, Pub. L. 95–622, title II, §211, 92 Stat. 3420; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, title IX, §925(a), 95 Stat. 569, set forth findings and declaration of policy and authorized appropriations with regard to assistance to medical libraries, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–158, §3(b), Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 879.

A prior section 391 of act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title III, as added Oct. 22, 1965, Pub. L. 89–291, §2, 79 Stat. 1059; amended Mar. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–212, §10(b)(3), 84 Stat. 66; July 23, 1974, Pub. L. 93–353, title II, §202(b), 88 Stat. 372, which defined "sciences related to health", "National Medical Libraries Assistance Advisory Board", "Board", and "medical library", was classified to section 280b–1 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–158, §3(b), Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 879.

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–183 inserted at end "In carrying out the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall disseminate such information to the public, including through elementary and secondary schools."

1992—Pub. L. 102–531 substituted "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" for "Centers for Disease Control" in subsecs. (a) and (b).

1990—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–558, §2(a)(1), inserted ", or enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with," after "grants to".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–558, §2(a)(2), added par. (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Findings and Purposes

Pub. L. 99–649, §2, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3633, provided that:

"(a) The Congress finds and declares that:

"(1) Injury is one of the principal public health problems in America, and causes over 140,000 deaths per year.

"(2) Injury rates are particularly high for children and the elderly.

"(3) Injury causes 50 percent of all deaths for children over the age of one year and two-thirds of all deaths for children over the age of 15 years, and is the leading cause of death for individuals under the age of 44 years. Individuals over the age of 65 years have the highest fatality rates for many injuries.

"(4) Injury control has not been given high priority in the United States, and the research being conducted on injury control and the number of personnel involved in injury control activities are not adequate.

"(b) The purposes of this Act [enacting this part] are—

"(1) to promote research into the causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of injuries and rehabilitation from injuries;

"(2) to promote cooperation between specialists in fields involved in injury research; and

"(3) to promote coordination between Federal, State, and local governments and public and private entities in order to achieve a reduction in deaths from injuries."
42 U.S.C. § 4623 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 61: UNIFORM RELOCATION ASSISTANCE AND REAL PROPERTY ACQUISITION POLICIES FOR FEDERAL AND FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS / Subchapter II: UNIFORM RELOCATION ASSISTANCE / Section 4623: Replacement housing for homeowner; mortgage insurance
Replacement housing for homeowner; mortgage insurance
Status: in_force

(a)(1) In addition to payments otherwise authorized by this subchapter, the head of the displacing agency shall make an additional payment not in excess of $31,000, as adjusted by regulation, in accordance with 4633(d) 1 of this title, to any displaced person who is displaced from a dwelling actually owned and occupied by such displaced person for not less than 90 days before the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of the property. Such additional payment shall include the following elements:

(A) The amount, if any, which when added to the acquisition cost of the dwelling acquired by the displacing agency, equals the reasonable cost of a comparable replacement dwelling.

(B) The amount, if any, which will compensate such displaced person for any increased interest costs and other debt service costs which such person is required to pay for financing the acquisition of any such comparable replacement dwelling. Such amount shall be paid only if the dwelling acquired by the displacing agency was encumbered by a bona fide mortgage which was a valid lien on such dwelling for not less than 180 days immediately prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of such dwelling.

(C) Reasonable expenses incurred by such displaced person for evidence of title, recording fees, and other closing costs incident to the purchase of the replacement dwelling, but not including prepaid expenses.

(2) The additional payment authorized by this section shall be made only to a displaced person who purchases and occupies a decent, safe, and sanitary replacement dwelling within 1 year after the date on which such person receives final payment from the displacing agency for the acquired dwelling or the date on which the displacing agency's obligation under section 4625(c)(3) of this title is met, whichever is later, except that the displacing agency may extend such period for good cause. If such period is extended, the payment under this section shall be based on the costs of relocating the person to a comparable replacement dwelling within 1 year of such date.

(b) The head of any Federal agency may, upon application by a mortgagee, insure any mortgage (including advances during construction) on a comparable replacement dwelling executed by a displaced person assisted under this section, which mortgage is eligible for insurance under any Federal law administered by such agency notwithstanding any requirements under such law relating to age, physical condition, or other personal characteristics of eligible mortgagors, and may make commitments for the insurance of such mortgage prior to the date of execution of the mortgage.

(Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §203, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1896; Pub. L. 100–17, title IV, §406, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 251; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, §1521(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 578.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2012—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–141, in first sentence, substituted "$31,000, as adjusted by regulation, in accordance with 4633(d) of this title," for "$22,500" and "90 days before" for "one hundred and eighty days prior to".

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–17, §406(1)–(3), substituted "displacing agency" for "Federal agency" and "$22,500" for "$15,000" in introductory provisions, and in subpar. (A) "acquired by the displacing agency, equals the reasonable cost of a comparable replacement dwelling" for "acquired by the Federal agency, equals the reasonable cost of a comparable replacement dwelling which is a decent, safe, and sanitary dwelling adequate to accommodate such displaced person, reasonably accessible to public services and places of employment and available on the private market. All determinations required to carry out this subparagraph shall be made in accordance with standards established by the head of the Federal agency making the additional payment".

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–17, §406(4), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "The amount, if any, which will compensate such displaced person for any increased interest costs which such person is required to pay for financing the acquisition of any such comparable replacement dwelling. Such amount shall be paid only if the dwelling acquired by the Federal agency was encumbered by a bona fide mortgage which was a valid lien on such dwelling for not less than one hundred and eighty days prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of such dwelling. Such amount shall be equal to the excess in the aggregate interest and other debt service costs of that amount of the principal of the mortgage on the replacement dwelling which is equal to the unpaid balance of the mortgage on the acquired dwelling, over the remainder term of the mortgage on the acquired dwelling, reduced to discounted present value. The discount rate shall be the prevailing interest rate paid on savings deposits by commercial banks in the general area in which the replacement dwelling is located."

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–17, §406(5), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "The additional payment authorized by this subsection shall be made only to such a displaced person who purchases and occupies a replacement dwelling which is decent, safe, and sanitary not later than the end of the one year period beginning on the date on which he receives from the Federal agency final payment of all costs of the acquired dwelling, or on the date on which he moves from the acquired dwelling, whichever is the later date."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2012 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective 2 years after the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–141, see section 1521(g) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as a note under section 308 of Title 23, Highways.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–17 effective on effective date provided in regulations promulgated under section 4633 of this title (as amended by section 412 of Pub. L. 100–17), but not later than 2 years after Apr. 2, 1987, see section 418 of Pub. L. 100–17, set out as a note under section 4601 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "section".
42 U.S.C. § 12576 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 129: NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE / Subchapter I: NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE STATE GRANT PROGRAM / Section 12576: Other special assistance
Other special assistance
Status: in_force

(a) Support for State Commissions

(1) Grants authorized

From amounts appropriated for a fiscal year pursuant to the authorization of appropriation in section 12681(a)(5) of this title, the Corporation may make a grant in an amount between $250,000 and $1,000,000 to a State to assist the State to establish or operate the State Commission on National and Community Service required to be established by the State under section 12638 of this title.

(2) Matching requirement

In making a grant to a State under this subsection, the Corporation shall require the State to agree to provide matching funds from non-Federal sources of not less than $1 for every $1 provided by the Corporation through the grant.

(3) Alternative

Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the Chief Executive Officer may permit a State that demonstrates hardship or a new State Commission to meet alternative matching requirements for such a grant as follows:

(A) First $100,000

For the first $100,000 of grant funds provided by the Corporation, the State involved shall not be required to provide matching funds.

(B) Amounts greater than $100,000

For grant amounts of more than $100,000 and not more than $250,000 provided by the Corporation, the State shall agree to provide matching funds from non-Federal sources of not less than $1 for every $2 provided by the Corporation, in excess of $100,000.

(C) Amounts greater than $250,000

For grant amounts of more than $250,000 provided by the Corporation, the State shall agree to provide matching funds from non-Federal sources of not less than $1 for every $1 provided by the Corporation, in excess of $250,000.

(b) Disaster service

The Corporation may undertake activities, including activities carried out through part A of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.), to involve programs that receive assistance under the national service laws in disaster relief efforts, and to support, including through mission assignments under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), nonprofit organizations and public agencies responding to the needs of communities experiencing disasters.

(c) Challenge grants for national service programs

(1) Assistance authorized

The Corporation may make challenge grants under this subsection to programs supported under the national service laws.

(2) Selection criteria

The Corporation shall develop criteria for the selection of recipients of challenge grants under this subsection, so as to make the grants widely available to a variety of programs that—

(A) are high-quality national service programs; and

(B) are carried out by entities with demonstrated experience in establishing and implementing projects that provide benefits to participants and communities.

(3) Amount of assistance

A challenge grant under this subsection may provide, for an initial 3-year grant period, not more than $1 of assistance under this subsection for each $1 in cash raised from private sources by the program supported under the national service laws in excess of amounts required to be provided by the program to satisfy matching funds requirements. After an initial 3-year grant period, a grant under this subsection may provide not more than $1 of assistance under this subsection for each $2 in cash raised from private sources by the program in excess of amounts required to be provided by the program to satisfy matching funds requirements. The Corporation may permit the use of local or State funds under this paragraph in lieu of cash raised from private sources if the Corporation determines that such use would be equitable due to a lack of available private funds at the local level. The Corporation shall establish a ceiling on the amount of assistance that may be provided to a national service program under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 101–610, title I, §126, as added Pub. L. 103–82, title I, §101(b), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 795; amended Pub. L. 111–13, title I, §1305, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1500.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394. Part A of title I of the Act is classified generally to part A (§4951 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 66 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of this title and Tables.

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 12576 to 12580, which related to national and community service, were omitted in the general amendment of subtitle D of title I of Pub. L. 101–610 [former part D of this subchapter] by Pub. L. 103–82, §102(a).

Section 12576, Pub. L. 101–610, title I, §146, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3153; Pub. L. 102–10, §6(b), Mar. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, §1557, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 841, related to post-service benefits.

A prior section 126 of Pub. L. 101–610 was renumbered section 199F and is classified to section 12655e of this title.

Section 12577, Pub. L. 101–610, title I, §147, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3154, related to living allowances for participants.

Section 12578, Pub. L. 101–610, title I, §148, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3155, related to training of participants.

Section 12579, Pub. L. 101–610, title I, §149, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3156, related to cooperation between public and private entities.

Section 12580, Pub. L. 101–610, title I, §150, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3156, related to in-service education benefits.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–13, §1305(1)(A), substituted "$250,000 and $1,000,000" for "$125,000 and $750,000" and "12681(a)(5)" for "12681(a)(4)".

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 111–13, §1305(1)(B), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former par. (2). Text of former par. (2) read as follows: "Notwithstanding the amounts specified in paragraph (1), the amount of a grant that may be provided to a State Commission under this subsection, together with other Federal funds available to establish or operate the State Commission, may not exceed—

"(A) 85 percent of the total cost to establish or operate the State Commission for the first year for which the State Commission receives assistance under this subsection; and

"(B) such smaller percentage of such cost as the Corporation may establish for the second, third, and fourth years of such assistance in order to ensure that the Federal share does not exceed 50 percent of such costs for the fifth year, and any subsequent year, for which the State Commission receives assistance under this subsection."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–13, §1305(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Corporation may undertake activities, including activities carried out through part A of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.), to involve in disaster relief efforts youth corps programs described in section 12572(a)(2) of this title and other programs that receive assistance under the national service laws."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 111–13, §1305(3)(A), substituted "to programs supported under the national service laws" for "to national service programs that receive assistance under section 12571 of this title".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 111–13, §1305(3)(B), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "A challenge grant under this subsection may provide not more than $1 of assistance under this subsection for each $1 in cash raised by the national service program from private sources in excess of amounts required to be provided by the program to satisfy matching funds requirements under section 12571(e) of this title. The Corporation shall establish a ceiling on the amount of assistance that may be provided to a national service program under this subsection."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–13 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 6101(a) of Pub. L. 111–13, set out as a note under section 4950 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 123 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as an Effective Date of 1993 Amendment note under section 1701 of Title 16, Conservation.
42 U.S.C. § 28 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 1: THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE / Subchapter I: GENERALLY / Section 28: Repealed. July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title XIII, §1313, 58 Stat. 714
Repealed. July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title XIII, §1313, 58 Stat. 714
Status: repealed

Section 28, acts July 1, 1902, ch. 1370, §3, 32 Stat. 712; Aug. 14, 1912, ch. 288, §1, 37 Stat. 309; July 9, 1918, ch. 143, ch. XV, §3, 40 Stat. 886, provided divisions under Assistant Surgeons General and the rank, pay, and allowances of said Assistants. See sections 206, 207, and 210 of this title.

Section 28a, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §10(c), 46 Stat. 152, provided for a chief of the narcotics division. See section 206 of this title.

Section 29, acts July 1, 1902, ch. 1370, §7, 32 Stat. 713; Aug. 14, 1912, ch. 288, §1, 37 Stat. 309, provided for conferences with State and Territorial boards of health. See section 242n of this title.

Section 30, acts July 1, 1902, ch. 1370, §8, 32 Stat. 714; Aug. 14, 1912, ch. 288, §1, 37 Stat. 309, provided for compilation of mortality, morbidity, and vital statistics. See section 242k(g) of this title.

Section 31, act June 5, 1920, ch. 235, §1, 41 Stat. 883, provided that officers of Service could make allotments of their pay. See section 704 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services.

Section 32, act Mar. 6, 1920, ch. 94, §1, 41 Stat. 507, provided for purchase of quartermaster supplies by officers of Service. See section 210 of this title.

Section 33, act Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 161, §1, 41 Stat. 1378, provided for limitations on expenditure of appropriations. See section 227 of this title.

Section 33a, act May 14, 1935, ch. 110, 49 Stat. 229, provided for covering into Treasury moneys collected for treatment of foreign seamen and other pay patients. See section 221 of this title.

Section 34, acts July 1, 1902, ch. 1370, §1, 32 Stat. 712; Aug. 14, 1912, ch. 288, §2, 37 Stat. 309; Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §10(a), 46 Stat. 152, provided for titles for officers of the Service. See section 207 of this title.

Section 35, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §10(a), 46 Stat. 152, provided titles for officers other than medical officers of Service. See section 207 of this title.

Section 36, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §10(a), 46 Stat. 152, provided titles for officers in grade of Assistant Surgeons General. See section 206 of this title.

Section 37, acts Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §9, 46 Stat. 151; Nov. 11, 1943, ch. 298, §7, 57 Stat. 588, provided for promotions, pay and allowances, and severance from Service of commissioned officers. See sections 209 et seq. of this title.

Section 38, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §4, 46 Stat. 150, provided for appointment and grades of medical, dental, sanitary engineer, and pharmacist officers. See section 209 of this title.

Section 39, Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §5, 46 Stat. 150, provided for number, pay and allowances, and service credits for pay purposes of medical, dental, sanitary engineer, and pharmacist officers. See sections 209 et seq. of this title.

Section 40, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §11, 46 Stat. 152, provided for appointment and qualifications of employees other than commissioned officers. See section 209 of this title.

Section 41, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §7, 46 Stat. 151, provided for appointment of persons other than commissioned officers for scientific research. See section 209 of this title.

Section 42, act Apr. 9, 1930, ch. 125, §12, 46 Stat. 152, provided for medical and hospital services to officers disabled by sickness or injury. See sections 213 and 248 of this title.

Section 43, act Mar. 3, 1919, ch. 98, §3, 40 Stat. 1303, related to transfer of property and equipment to Service. Act Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 156, 41 Stat. 1365, formerly cited to section 43, was repealed by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §53, 70A Stat. 641.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Renumbering and Repeal of Repealing Act

Title XIII, §1313, formerly title VI, §611, of act July 1, 1944, which repealed these sections, was renumbered title VII, §711, by act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 958, §5, 60 Stat. 1049; §713, by act Feb. 28, 1948, ch. 83, §9(b), 62 Stat. 47; title VIII, §813, by act July 30, 1956, ch. 779, §3(b), 70 Stat. 721; title IX, §913, by Pub. L. 88–581, §4(b), Sept. 4, 1964, 78 Stat. 919; title X, §1013, by Pub. L. 89–239, §3(b), Oct. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 931; title XI, §1113, by Pub. L. 91–572, §6(b), Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1506; title XII, §1213, by Pub. L. 92–294, §3(b), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 137; title XIII, §1313, by Pub. L. 93–154, §2(b)(2), Nov. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 604, and was repealed by Pub. L. 93–222, §7(b), Dec. 29, 1973, 87 Stat. 936.
42 U.S.C. § 3033 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 35: PROGRAMS FOR OLDER AMERICANS / Subchapter IV: ACTIVITIES FOR HEALTH, INDEPENDENCE, AND LONGEVITY / Section 3033: Payment of grants
Payment of grants
Status: in_force

(a) Contributions

To the extent the Assistant Secretary determines a contribution to be appropriate, the Assistant Secretary shall require the recipient of any grant or contract under this subchapter to contribute money, facilities, or services for carrying out the project for which such grant or contract was made.

(b) Payments

Payments under this subchapter pursuant to a grant or contract may be made (after necessary adjustment, in the case of grants, on account of previously made overpayments or underpayments) in advance or by way of reimbursement, and in such installments and on such conditions, as the Assistant Secretary may determine.

(c) Consultation

The Assistant Secretary shall make no grant or contract under this subchapter in any State that has established or designated a State agency for purposes of subchapter III unless the Assistant Secretary—

(1) consults with the State agency prior to issuing the grant or contract; and

(2) informs the State agency of the purposes of the grant or contract when the grant or contract is issued.

(Pub. L. 89–73, title IV, §431, as added Pub. L. 106–501, title IV, §401, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2265.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3033, Pub. L. 89–73, title IV, §403, as added Pub. L. 93–29, title IV, §401, May 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 46; amended Pub. L. 94–135, title I, §109, Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 95–478, title I, §104(a)(3), Oct. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 1537, related to task of attracting qualified persons to field of aging, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 97–115.

A prior section 431 of Pub. L. 89–73 was classified to section 3037 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 106–501.

Another prior section 431 of Pub. L. 89–73 was classified to section 3035g of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 97–115.

Another prior section 431 of Pub. L. 89–73 was renumbered section 451, and was classified to section 3037 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 97–115.
42 U.S.C. § 6941a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 82: SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL / Subchapter IV: STATE OR REGIONAL SOLID WASTE PLANS / Section 6941a: Energy and materials conservation and recovery; Congressional findings
Energy and materials conservation and recovery; Congressional findings
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that—

(1) significant savings could be realized by conserving materials in order to reduce the volume or quantity of material which ultimately becomes waste;

(2) solid waste contains valuable energy and material resources which can be recovered and used thereby conserving increasingly scarce and expensive fossil fuels and virgin materials;

(3) the recovery of energy and materials from municipal waste, and the conservation of energy and materials contributing to such waste streams, can have the effect of reducing the volume of the municipal waste stream and the burden of disposing of increasing volumes of solid waste;

(4) the technology to conserve resources exists and is commercially feasible to apply;

(5) the technology to recover energy and materials from solid waste is of demonstrated commercial feasibility; and

(6) various communities throughout the nation have different needs and different potentials for conserving resources and for utilizing techniques for the recovery of energy and materials from waste, and Federal assistance in planning and implementing such energy and materials conservation and recovery programs should be available to all such communities on an equitable basis in relation to their needs and potential.

(Pub. L. 96–482, §32(a), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2353.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Solid Waste Disposal Act Amendments of 1980, and not as part of the Solid Waste Disposal Act which comprises this chapter.
42 U.S.C. § 2491 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 27: LOAN SERVICE OF CAPTIONED FILMS AND EDUCATIONAL MEDIA FOR HANDICAPPED / Section 2491: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title VI, §662(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 188
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title VI, §662(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 188
Status: repealed

Section 2491, Pub. L. 85–905, §1, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1742; Pub. L. 87–715, §1(a), Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–258, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §155(a), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 804, contained statement of purposes for the provisions.

Section 2492, Pub. L. 85–905, §2, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1742; Pub. L. 89–258, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §155(b), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 91–61, §1(2), Aug. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 103, defined "Secretary", "United States", "deaf person", "handicapped", and "construction".

Section 2493, Pub. L. 85–905, §3, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1742; Pub. L. 87–715, §1(b), Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–258, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §155(c), (d)(1), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 91–61, §1(1), Aug. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 102, provided for establishment of a loan service of captioned films and educational media for handicapped and authority of Secretary.

Section 2494, Pub. L. 85–905, §4, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1743; Pub. L. 87–715, §1(c), Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–258, Oct. 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 984; Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §155(e), Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 91–61, §1(3), Aug. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 103, authorized appropriations for fiscal years ending as indicated: $3,000,000 (June 30, 1966, and 1967), $8,000,000 (June 30, 1968, and 1969), $10,000,000 (June 30, 1970), $12,500,000 (June 30, 1971), $15,000,000 (June 30, 1972), and $20,000,000 (June 30, 1973 and thereafter).

Such former provisions are covered by various sections of Title 20, Education, as follows:

 

Former SectionsTitle 20 Sections

2491 
1451

2492(1) 
1401(14)

2492(2) 
1401(2)

2492(3) 
Repealed

2492(4) 
1401(1)

2492(5) 
1401(4)

2493(a), (b) 
1452(a), (b)

2493(c)(1)(A) to (C) 
1453(a)(1) to (3)

2493(c)(1)(D) 
1232b

2493(c)(2) 
1453(b)

2493(c)(3) 
1404

2494 
1454

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §662, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 188, provided that the repeal is effective July 1, 1971.
42 U.S.C. § 16611b (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 150: NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE PROGRAMS, 2005 / Subchapter I: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND REPORTS / Section 16611b: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 110–161, div. B, title III, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1919, related to NASA annual budget justification. See subsec. (c) of section 30103 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Estimates of Receipts and Collections and Proposed Use of Funds From Leases of Non-Excess Property

Pub. L. 111–8, div. B, title III, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 589, which provided in part that each annual budget request shall include an annual estimate of gross receipts and collections and proposed use of all funds collected pursuant to section 315 of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 ([former] 42 U.S.C. 2459j), was repealed and reenacted as subsec. (d) of section 30103 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs, by Pub. L. 111–314, §§3, 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328, 3444, which Act enacted Title 51.
42 U.S.C. § 19251 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter VI: MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS / Section 19251: Interagency working group
Interagency working group
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology Council, shall establish or designate an interagency working group to coordinate the activities specified in subsection (c).

(b) Composition

The interagency working group shall be composed of the following members (or their designees), who may be organized into subcommittees, as appropriate:

(1) The Secretary of Commerce.

(2) The Director of the National Science Foundation.

(3) The Secretary of Energy.

(4) The Secretary of Defense.

(5) The Director of the National Economic Council.

(6) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(7) The Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(8) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

(9) The Secretary of Agriculture.

(10) The Director of National Intelligence.

(11) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(12) Such other Federal officials as the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy considers appropriate, including members of the National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology.

(c) Coordination

The interagency working group shall seek to ensure that the activities of different Federal agencies enhance and complement, but, as appropriate, do not duplicate, efforts being carried out by another Federal agency, with a focus on the following:

(1) The activities of the National Science Foundation Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships Directorate in the key technology focus areas, such as within the Regional Innovation Engines under section 19108 of this title and test beds under section 19110 of this title.

(2) The activities of the Department of Commerce under this division, including regional technology hubs under section 3722a of title 15, as added by section 10621, the Manufacturing USA Program established under section 278s(b)(1) of title 15, and the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership (15 U.S.C. 278k).

(3) The activities of the Department of Energy in the key technology focus areas, including at the national laboratories, and at Federal laboratories, as defined in section 3703 of title 15, and facilities and user facilities operated in partnership with such national laboratories or the Department of Energy.

(4) Any other program that the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy determines involves research and development with respect to the key technology focus areas.

(d) Report

The interagency working group shall—

(1) by not later than 180 days after August 9, 2022—

(A) conduct an initial review of Federal programs and resources with respect to the key technology focus areas identified pursuant to section 19107(a)(2) of this title, in order to—

(i) assess current level of efforts and characterize existing research infrastructure, as of the date of the review;

(ii) identify potential areas of overlap or duplication with respect to the key technology focus areas; and

(iii) identify potential cross-agency collaborations and joint funding opportunities; and 1

(B) submit a report regarding the review described in subparagraph (A) to Congress; and

(C) seek stakeholder input and recommendations in the course of such review; and

(2) shall 2 carry out the annual reviews and updates required under section 19107(e) of this title.

(e) Conflicts

If any conflicts between Federal agencies arise while carrying out the activities under this section, the President shall make the final decision regarding resolution of the conflict.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, §10651, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1682.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This division, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is div. B of Pub. L. 117–167, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1399, which enacted this chapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of div. B to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 18901 of this title and Tables.

Section 10621, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), means section 10621 of Pub. L. 117–167.

1 So in original. The word "and" probably should not appear.

2 So in original. The word "shall" probably should not appear.
42 U.S.C. § 14134 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter IX: STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT / Section 14134: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 103–322, title XXI, §210306, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2071, which authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1996 to 2000, was omitted as obsolete.
42 U.S.C. § 1306a (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 7: SOCIAL SECURITY / Subchapter XI: GENERAL PROVISIONS, PEER REVIEW, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SIMPLIFICATION / Section 1306a: Public access to State disbursement records
Public access to State disbursement records
Status: in_force

No State or any agency or political subdivision thereof shall be deprived of any grant-in-aid or other payment to which it otherwise is or has become entitled pursuant to subchapter I (other than section 303(a)(3) thereof), IV, X, XIV, or XVI (other than section 1383(a)(3) thereof) of this chapter, by reason of the enactment or enforcement by such State of any legislation prescribing any conditions under which public access may be had to records of the disbursement of any such funds or payments within such State, if such legislation prohibits the use of any list or names obtained through such access to such records for commercial or political purposes.

(Oct. 20, 1951, ch. 521, title VI, §618, 65 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 86–778, title VI, §603(a), Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 992; Pub. L. 87–543, title I, §141(e), July 25, 1962, 76 Stat. 205.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 303(a)(3), referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title XXI, §2184(a)(4)(A), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 816.

Section 1383(a)(3), referred to in text, was in the original a reference to section 1603(a)(3) of the Social Security Act as added July 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–543, title I, §141(a), 76 Stat. 200, and amended. That section was amended generally by Pub. L. 92–603, §301, Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1478. However, the amendment by Pub. L. 92–603 was inapplicable to Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands, so that the prior section (which is set out as a note under section 1383 of this title) continues in effect for Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of act Oct. 20, 1951, popularly known as the Revenue Act of 1951, and not as part of the Social Security Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1962—Pub. L. 87–543 substituted "XIV, or XVI (other than section 1383(a)(3) thereof)" for "or XIV".

1960—Pub. L. 86–778 inserted "(other than section 303(a)(3) thereof)" after "pursuant to subchapter I".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–778, title VI, §603(b), Sept. 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 992, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1960."
42 U.S.C. § 5183 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 68: DISASTER RELIEF / Subchapter IV: MAJOR DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 5183: Crisis counseling assistance and training
Crisis counseling assistance and training
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The President is authorized to provide professional counseling services, including financial assistance to State or local agencies or private mental health organizations to provide such services or training of disaster workers, to victims of major disasters in order to relieve mental health problems caused or aggravated by such major disaster or its aftermath.

(b) Training

Each State, local agency, or private mental health organization providing professional counseling services described in subsection (a) shall ensure that, any individual providing professional counseling services to victims of a major disaster as authorized under subsection (a), including individuals working for nonprofit partners and recovery organizations, is appropriately trained to address impacts from major disasters in communities, and to individuals, with socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds.

(Pub. L. 93–288, title IV, §416, formerly §413, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 157; renumbered §416 and amended Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §106(i), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4705; Pub. L. 117–251, §7(a), Dec. 20, 2022, 136 Stat. 2357.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 416 of Pub. L. 93–288 was renumbered section 419 by Pub. L. 100–707 and is classified to section 5186 of this title.

Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–251 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

1988—Pub. L. 100–707 struck out "(through the National Institute of Mental Health)" after "authorized".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–251, §7(b), Dec. 20, 2022, 136 Stat. 2357, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to amounts appropriated on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2022]."
42 U.S.C. § 14092 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 136: VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT / Subchapter VIII: POLICE CORPS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION / Section 14092: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 14092 was editorially reclassified as section 12552 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 6244 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 77: ENERGY CONSERVATION / Subchapter I: DOMESTIC SUPPLY AVAILABILITY / Section 6244: Repealed. Pub. L. 106-469, title I, §103(16), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2032
Repealed. Pub. L. 106-469, title I, §103(16), Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2032
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 94–163, title I, §164, Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 889; Pub. L. 94–258, title I, §105(a), Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 95–619, title VI, §691(b)(2), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3288, required a report on development of Naval Petroleum Reserve Number 4.
42 U.S.C. § 8259 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 91: NATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICY / Subchapter III: FEDERAL ENERGY INITIATIVE / Section 8259: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this part—

(1) the term "agency" has the meaning given it in section 551(1) of title 5;

(2) the term "construction" means new construction or substantial rehabilitation of existing structures;

(3) the term "cogeneration facilities" has the same meaning given such term in section 796(18)(A) of title 16;

(4) the term "energy conservation measures" means measures that are applied to a Federal building that improve energy efficiency and are life cycle cost effective and that involve energy conservation, cogeneration facilities, renewable energy sources, improvements in operations and maintenance efficiencies, retrofit activities, or energy consuming devices and required support structures;

(5) the term "energy survey" means a procedure used to determine energy and cost savings likely to result from the use of appropriate energy related maintenance and operating procedures and modifications, including the purchase and installation of particular energy-related equipment and the use of renewable energy sources;

(6) the term "Federal building" means any building, structure, or facility, or part thereof, including the associated energy consuming support systems, which is constructed, renovated, leased, or purchased in whole or in part for use by the Federal Government and which consumes energy; such term also means a collection of such buildings, structures, or facilities and the energy consuming support systems for such collection;

(7) the term "life cycle cost" means the total costs of owning, operating, and maintaining a building over its useful life (including such costs as fuel, energy, labor, and replacement components) determined on the basis of a systematic evaluation and comparison of alternative building systems, except that in the case of leased buildings, the life cycle costs shall be calculated over the effective remaining term of the lease;

(8) the term "renewable energy sources" includes, but is not limited to, sources such as agriculture and urban waste, geothermal energy, solar energy, and wind energy; and

(9) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Energy.

(Pub. L. 95–619, title V, §551, formerly §549, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3280; Pub. L. 100–615, §2(a), Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3188; renumbered §551, Pub. L. 102–486, title I, §152(h)(1), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2848; amended Pub. L. 105–388, §5(c)(5), Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3479; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title I, §1002(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2422.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 551 of Pub. L. 95–619 was classified to section 8261 of this title prior to the general amendment of this part by Pub. L. 100–615.

Amendments

2020—Par. (4). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "retrofit activities, or energy consuming devices and required support structures" for "or retrofit activities".

1998—Par. (8). Pub. L. 105–388 substituted "geothermal" for "goethermal".

1988—Pub. L. 100–615 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to definitions for Federal energy management for former provision relating to budget treatment of energy conserving improvements by Federal agencies.
42 U.S.C. § 4331 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 55: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY / Subchapter I: POLICIES AND GOALS / Section 4331: Congressional declaration of national environmental policy
Congressional declaration of national environmental policy
Status: in_force

(a) The Congress, recognizing the profound impact of man's activity on the interrelations of all components of the natural environment, particularly the profound influences of population growth, high-density urbanization, industrial expansion, resource exploitation, and new and expanding technological advances and recognizing further the critical importance of restoring and maintaining environmental quality to the overall welfare and development of man, declares that it is the continuing policy of the Federal Government, in cooperation with State and local governments, and other concerned public and private organizations, to use all practicable means and measures, including financial and technical assistance, in a manner calculated to foster and promote the general welfare, to create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony, and fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans.

(b) In order to carry out the policy set forth in this chapter, it is the continuing responsibility of the Federal Government to use all practicable means, consistent with other essential considerations of national policy, to improve and coordinate Federal plans, functions, programs, and resources to the end that the Nation may—

(1) fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations;

(2) assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, and esthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings;

(3) attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment without degradation, risk to health or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences;

(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage, and maintain, wherever possible, an environment which supports diversity and variety of individual choice;

(5) achieve a balance between population and resource use which will permit high standards of living and a wide sharing of life's amenities; and

(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach the maximum attainable recycling of depletable resources.

(c) The Congress recognizes that each person should enjoy a healthful environment and that each person has a responsibility to contribute to the preservation and enhancement of the environment.

(Pub. L. 91–190, title I, §101, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Commission on Population Growth and the American Future

Pub. L. 91–213, §§1–9, Mar. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 67–69, established the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future to conduct and sponsor such studies and research and make such recommendations as might be necessary to provide information and education to all levels of government in the United States, and to our people regarding a broad range of problems associated with population growth and their implications for America's future; prescribed the composition of the Commission; provided for the appointment of its members, and the designation of a Chairman and Vice Chairman; required a majority of the members of the Commission to constitute a quorum, but allowed a lesser number to conduct hearings; prescribed the compensation of members of the Commission; required the Commission to conduct an inquiry into certain prescribed aspects of population growth in the United States and its foreseeable social consequences; provided for the appointment of an Executive Director and other personnel and prescribed their compensation; authorized the Commission to enter into contracts with public agencies, private firms, institutions, and individuals for the conduct of research and surveys, the preparation of reports, and other activities necessary to the discharge of its duties, and to request from any Federal department or agency any information and assistance it deems necessary to carry out its functions; required the General Services Administration to provide administrative services for the Commission on a reimbursable basis; required the Commission to submit an interim report to the President and the Congress one year after it was established and to submit its final report two years after Mar. 16, 1970; terminated the Commission sixty days after the date of the submission of its final report; and authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as might be necessary to carry out the provisions of Pub. L. 91–213.

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 11507

Ex. Ord. No. 11507, eff. Feb. 4, 1970, 35 F.R. 2573, which related to prevention, control, and abatement of air and water pollution at federal facilities was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11752, eff. Dec. 17, 1973, 38 F.R. 34793, formerly set out below.

Executive Order No. 11752

Ex. Ord. No. 11752, Dec. 17, 1973, 38 F.R. 34793, which related to the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution at Federal facilities, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12088, Oct. 13, 1978, 43 F.R. 47707, set out as a note under section 4321 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 2017 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 23: DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY / Subchapter I / Section 2017: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Congressional authorization

No appropriation shall be made to the Commission, nor shall the Commission waive charges for the use of materials under the Cooperative Power Reactor Demonstration Program, unless previously authorized by legislation enacted by the Congress.

(b) Accounting

Any Act appropriating funds to the Commission may appropriate specified portions thereof to be accounted for upon the certification of the Commission only.

(c) Restoration or replacement of facilities

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the restoration or replacement of any plant or facility destroyed or otherwise seriously damaged, and the Commission is authorized to use available funds for such purposes.

(d) Substituted construction projects

Funds authorized to be appropriated for any construction project to be used in connection with the development or production of special nuclear material or atomic weapons may be used to start another construction project not otherwise authorized if the substituted construction project is within the limit of cost of the construction project for which substitution is to be made, and the Commission certifies that—

(1) the substituted project is essential to the common defense and security;

(2) the substituted project is required by changes in weapon characteristics or weapon logistic operations; and

(3) the Commission is unable to enter into a contract with any person on terms satisfactory to it to furnish from a privately owned plant or facility the product or services to be provided by the new project.

(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, §261, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 960; amended Pub. L. 85–79, §1, July 3, 1957, 71 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 87–615, §8, Aug. 29, 1962, 76 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 88–72, §107, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 88; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, §902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those comprising this section were contained in section 19 of act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 775, which was classified to section 1819 of this title, prior to the general amendment and renumbering of act Aug. 1, 1946, by act Aug. 30, 1954.

Amendments

1963—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–72 required legislative authorization of appropriations to the Commission and waiver of charges for use of materials under the Cooperative Power Reactor Demonstration Program. Former provisions of subsec. (a) authorized appropriations necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions and purposes of this chapter, excepting in par. (1) sums necessary for acquisition of real property or facility acquisition, construction or expansion (and deeming under certain conditions a nonmilitary experimental reactor to be a facility) and in par. (2) sums necessary to carry out cooperative programs for development and construction of reactors for demonstration of their use in production of electrical power or process heat, or for propulsion, or for commercial provision of byproduct material, irradiation or other special service, for civilian use, by arrangements providing for payment of funds, rendering of services and undertaking of research and development without full reimbursement, the waiver of charges accompanying such arrangement or the provision of other financial assistance pursuant to such arrangement or the acquisition of real property or facility acquisition, construction or expansion undertaken by the Commission as part of such arrangement.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–72 substituted "Any act appropriating funds to the Commission" for "The acts appropriating such sums."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–72 struck out authorization of funds provision for advance planning, construction design and architectural services in connection with any plant or facility and inserted "Notwithstanding" phrase.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–72 struck out "hereafter" after "Funds" and inserted "construction" before "project" wherever appearing.

1962—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 87–615 added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1957—Pub. L. 85–79 designated first sentence as introductory clause of subsec. (a) and as (a)(1), inserted proviso to (a)(1), added (a)(2), by designating second sentence as subsec. (b), and struck out former sentence which provided that "Funds appropriated to the Commission shall, if obligated by contract during the fiscal year for which appropriated, remain available for expenditure for four years following the expiration of the fiscal year for which appropriated."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1963 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–72, §107, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 88, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 1, 1964.
42 U.S.C. § 5112 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 67: CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT AND ADOPTION REFORM / Subchapter II: ADOPTION OPPORTUNITIES / Section 5112: Repealed. Pub. L. 102-295, title IV, §402, May 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 213
Repealed. Pub. L. 102-295, title IV, §402, May 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 213
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–266, title II, §202, Apr. 24, 1978, 92 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 98–457, title II, §202, Oct. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 1756, related to model adoption legislation and procedures.
42 U.S.C. § 15261 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 145A: LAW ENFORCEMENT CONGRESSIONAL BADGE OF BRAVERY / Subchapter III: CONGRESSIONAL BADGE OF BRAVERY OFFICE / Section 15261: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 15261 was editorially reclassified as section 50331 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
42 U.S.C. § 18832 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 162: ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE / Subchapter V: ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE / Section 18832: Energy efficiency materials pilot program
Energy efficiency materials pilot program
Status: in_force

(a) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Applicant

The term "applicant" means a nonprofit organization that applies for a grant under this section.

(2) Energy-efficiency material

(A) In general

The term "energy-efficiency material" means a material (including a product, equipment, or system) the installation of which results in a reduction in use by a nonprofit organization of energy or fuel.

(B) Inclusions

The term "energy-efficiency material" includes—

(i) a roof or lighting system or component of the system;

(ii) a window;

(iii) a door, including a security door; and

(iv) a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning system or component of the system (including insulation and wiring and plumbing improvements needed to serve a more efficient system).

(3) Nonprofit building

The term "nonprofit building" means a building operated and owned by an organization that is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code.

(b) Establishment

Not later than 1 year after November 15, 2021, the Secretary shall establish a pilot program to award grants for the purpose of providing nonprofit buildings with energy-efficiency materials.

(c) Grants

(1) In general

The Secretary may award grants under the program established under subsection (b).

(2) Application

The Secretary may award a grant under paragraph (1) if an applicant submits to the Secretary an application at such time, in such form, and containing such information as the Secretary may prescribe.

(3) Criteria for grant

In determining whether to award a grant under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall apply performance-based criteria, which shall give priority to applicants based on—

(A) the energy savings achieved;

(B) the cost effectiveness of the use of energy-efficiency materials;

(C) an effective plan for evaluation, measurement, and verification of energy savings; and

(D) the financial need of the applicant.

(4) Limitation on individual grant amount

Each grant awarded under this section shall not exceed $200,000.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2022 through 2026, to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title V, §40542, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1074.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Wage Rate Requirements

For provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of this title.
42 U.S.C. § 6372b (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 77: ENERGY CONSERVATION / Subchapter III: IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY / Section 6372b: Preliminary energy audits and energy audits
Preliminary energy audits and energy audits
Status: in_force

(a) Application by Governor

The Governor of any State may apply to the Secretary at such time as the Secretary may specify after promulgation of the guidelines under section 6372a(a) of this title for grants to conduct preliminary energy audits of buildings owned by units of local government and public care institutions in such State under this part.

(b) Grants for conduct of preliminary energy audits

Upon application under subsection (a), the Secretary may make grants to States to assist in conducting preliminary energy audits under this part for buildings owned by units of local government and public care institutions. Such audits shall be conducted in accordance with the guidelines prescribed under section 6372a(a)(1) of this title.

(c) Application by Governor, unit of local government or public care institution

The Governor of any State, unit of local government or public care institution may apply to the Secretary at such time as the Secretary may specify after promulgation of the guidelines under section 6372a(a) of this title for grants to conduct energy audits of buildings owned by units of local government and public care institutions in such State under this part.

(d) Grants for conduct of energy audits

Upon application under subsection (c) the Secretary may make grants to States, units of local government, and public care institutions for purposes of conducting energy audits of facilities under this part in accordance with the guidelines prescribed under section 6372a(a)(2) of this title.

(e) Audits conducted prior to grant of financial assistance

If a State, unit of local government, or public care institution, without the use of financial assistance under this section, conducts preliminary energy audits or energy audits which comply with the guidelines prescribed by the Secretary or which are approved by the Secretary, the funds allocated for purposes of this section shall be added to the funds available for technical assistance programs for such State, and shall be in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose.

(f) Restriction on use of funds

Amounts made available under this section (together with any other amounts made available from other Federal sources) may not be used to pay more than 50 percent of the costs of any preliminary energy audit or energy audit.

(Pub. L. 94–163, title III, §400C, as added Pub. L. 95–619, title III, §311(a), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3250.)
42 U.S.C. § 18996 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 163: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION / Subchapter III: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE / Section 18996: Cybersecurity workforce data initiative
Cybersecurity workforce data initiative
Status: in_force

The Director, acting through the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics established in section 1862p of this title and in coordination with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate Federal statistical agencies, shall establish a cybersecurity workforce data initiative that—

(1) assesses the feasibility of providing nationally representative estimates and statistical information on the cybersecurity workforce;

(2) utilizes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NIST Special Publication 800–181), or other frameworks, as appropriate, to enable a consistent measurement of the cybersecurity workforce;

(3) utilizes and complements existing data on employer requirements and unfilled positions in the cybersecurity workforce;

(4) consults key stakeholders and the broader community of practice in cybersecurity workforce development to determine data requirements needed to strengthen the cybersecurity workforce;

(5) evaluates existing Federal survey data for information pertinent to developing national estimates of the cybersecurity workforce;

(6) evaluates administrative data and other supplementary data sources, as available, to describe and measure the cybersecurity workforce; and

(7) collects statistical data, to the greatest extent practicable, on credential attainment and employment outcomes information for the cybersecurity workforce.

(Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title III, §10317, Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1531.)
42 U.S.C. § 10807 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 114: PROTECTION AND ADVOCACY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS / Subchapter I: PROTECTION AND ADVOCACY SYSTEMS / Section 10807: Legal actions
Legal actions
Status: in_force

(a) Prior to instituting any legal action in a Federal or State court on behalf of a 1 individual with mental illness, an eligible system, or a State agency or nonprofit organization which entered into a contract with an eligible system under section 10804(a) of this title, shall exhaust in a timely manner all administrative remedies where appropriate. If, in pursuing administrative remedies, the system, agency, or organization determines that any matter with respect to such individual will not be resolved within a reasonable time, the system, agency, or organization may pursue alternative remedies, including the initiation of a legal action.

(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to any legal action instituted to prevent or eliminate imminent serious harm to a 1 individual with mental illness.

(Pub. L. 99–319, title I, §107, May 23, 1986, 100 Stat. 482; Pub. L. 102–173, §10(1), Nov. 27, 1991, 105 Stat. 1219.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Pub. L. 102–173 substituted "individual with mental illness" for "mentally ill individual" in subsecs. (a) and (b).

1 So in original. Probably should be "an".
42 U.S.C. § 1473 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 8A: SLUM CLEARANCE, URBAN RENEWAL, AND FARM HOUSING / Subchapter III: FARM HOUSING / Section 1473: Loans for housing and buildings on potentially adequate farms; conditions and terms
Loans for housing and buildings on potentially adequate farms; conditions and terms
Status: in_force

If the Secretary determines (a) that, because of the inadequacy of the income of an eligible applicant from the farm to be improved and from other sources, said applicant may not reasonably be expected to make annual repayments of principal and interest in an amount sufficient to repay the loan in full within the period of time prescribed by the Secretary as authorized in this subchapter; (b) that the income of the applicant may be sufficiently increased within a period of not to exceed five years by improvement or enlargement of the farm or an adjustment of the farm practices or methods; and (c) that the applicant has adopted and may reasonably be expected to put into effect a plan of farm improvement, enlargement, or adjusted practices or production which, in the opinion of the Secretary, will increase the applicant's income from said farm within a period of not to exceed five years to the extent that the applicant may be expected thereafter to make annual repayments of principal and interest sufficient to repay the balance of the indebtedness less payments in cash and credits for the contributions to be made by the Secretary as hereinafter provided, the Secretary may make a loan in an amount necessary to provide adequate farm dwellings and buildings on said farm under the terms and conditions prescribed in section 1472 of this title. In addition, the Secretary may agree with the borrower to make annual contributions during the said five-year period in the form of credits on the borrower's indebtedness in an amount not to exceed the annual installment of interest and 50 per centum of the principal payments accruing during any installment year up to and including the fifth installment year, subject to the conditions that the borrower's income is, in fact, insufficient to enable the borrower to make payments in accordance with the plan or schedule prescribed by the Secretary and that the borrower pursues his plan of farm reorganization and improvements or enlargement with due diligence.

Except as provided in title 11, this agreement with respect to credits or principal and interest upon the borrower's indebtedness shall not be assignable nor accrue to the benefit of any third party without the written consent of the Secretary and the Secretary shall have the right, at his option, to cancel the agreement upon the sale of the farm or the execution or creation of any lien thereon subsequent to the lien given to the Secretary, or to refuse to release the lien given to the Secretary except upon payment in cash of the entire original principal plus accrued interest thereon less actual cash payments of principal and interest when the Secretary determines that the release of the lien would permit the benefits of this section to accrue to a person not eligible to receive such benefits.

(July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title V, §503, 63 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §329, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2679.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1978—Pub. L. 95–598 inserted introductory phrase "Except as provided in title 11".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
42 U.S.C. § 17241 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 152: ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY / Subchapter V: ACCELERATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT / Section 17241: Lightweight materials research and development
Lightweight materials research and development
Status: in_force

(a) In general

As soon as practicable after December 19, 2007, the Secretary of Energy shall establish a program to determine ways in which the weight of motor vehicles could be reduced to improve fuel efficiency without compromising passenger safety by conducting research, development, and demonstration relating to—

(1) the development of new materials (including cast metal composite materials formed by autocombustion synthesis) and material processes that yield a higher strength-to-weight ratio or other properties that reduce vehicle weight; and

(2) reducing the cost of—

(A) lightweight materials (including high-strength steel alloys, aluminum, magnesium, metal composites, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites) with the properties required for construction of lighter-weight vehicles; and

(B) materials processing, automated manufacturing, joining, and recycling lightweight materials for high-volume applications.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $80,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

(Pub. L. 110–140, title VI, §651, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1694.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as a note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.
42 U.S.C. § 6302 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 77: ENERGY CONSERVATION / Subchapter III: IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY / Section 6302: Prohibited acts
Prohibited acts
Status: in_force

(a) In general

It shall be unlawful—

(1) for any manufacturer or private labeler to distribute in commerce any new covered product to which a rule under section 6294 of this title applies, unless such covered product is labeled in accordance with such rule;

(2) for any manufacturer, distributor, retailer, or private labeler to remove from any new covered product or render illegible any label required to be provided with such product under a rule under section 6294 of this title;

(3) for any manufacturer to fail to permit access to, or copying of, records required to be supplied under this part, or fail to make reports or provide other information required to be supplied under this part;

(4) for any person to fail to comply with an applicable requirement of section 6296(a), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(5) of this title;

(5) for any manufacturer or private labeler to distribute in commerce any new covered product which is not in conformity with an applicable energy conservation standard established in or prescribed under this part, except to the extent that the new covered product is covered by a regional standard that is more stringent than the base national standard;

(6) for any manufacturer or private labeler to knowingly sell a product to a distributor, contractor, or dealer with knowledge that the entity routinely violates any regional standard applicable to the product;

(7) for any manufacturer, distributor, retailer, or private labeler to distribute in commerce an adapter that—

(A) is designed to allow an incandescent lamp that does not have a medium screw base to be installed into a fixture or lampholder with a medium screw base socket; and

(B) is capable of being operated at a voltage range at least partially within 110 and 130 volts; or

(8) for any person—

(A) to activate an activation lock for a grid-enabled water heater with knowledge that such water heater is not used as part of an electric thermal storage or demand response program;

(B) to distribute an activation key for a grid-enabled water heater with knowledge that such activation key will be used to activate a grid-enabled water heater that is not used as part of an electric thermal storage or demand response program;

(C) to otherwise enable a grid-enabled water heater to operate at its designed specification and capabilities with knowledge that such water heater is not used as part of an electric thermal storage or demand response program; or

(D) to knowingly remove or render illegible the label of a grid-enabled water heater described in section 6295(e)(6)(A)(ii)(V) of this title.

(b) "New covered product" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "new covered product" means a covered product the title of which has not passed to a purchaser who buys such product for purposes other than (1) reselling such product, or (2) leasing such product for a period in excess of one year.

(Pub. L. 94–163, title III, §332, Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 100–12, §11(a)(3), (b)(5), Mar. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 110–140, title III, §§306(b), 321(e), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1559, 1586; Pub. L. 114–11, title II, §201(2), Apr. 30, 2015, 129 Stat. 188.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 114–11 redesignated par. (6) relating to prohibition of distribution in commerce of certain adapters as (7) and added par. (8).

2007—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 110–140, §321(e)(1), which directed the striking out of "or" after semicolon at end, could not be executed after amendment by Pub. L. 110–140, §306(b)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 110–140, §306(b)(1), struck out "or" after semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 110–140, §321(e)(2), which directed substitution of "; or" for period at end, could not be executed after amendment by Pub. L. 110–140, §306(b)(2). See below.

Pub. L. 110–140, §306(b)(2), substituted "part, except to the extent that the new covered product is covered by a regional standard that is more stringent than the base national standard; or" for "part."

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 110–140, §321(e)(3), added par. (6) relating to prohibition of distribution in commerce of certain adapters.

Pub. L. 110–140, §306(b)(3), added par. (6) relating to sale of a product to a distributor, contractor, or dealer with knowledge that the entity routinely violates a regional standard.

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–12, §11(b)(5)(A), inserted heading.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 100–12, §11(a)(3), substituted "energy conservation standard established in or prescribed under" for "energy efficiency standard prescribed under".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–12, §11(b)(5)(B), inserted heading.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.
42 U.S.C. § 15082 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 144: DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES ASSISTANCE AND BILL OF RIGHTS / Subchapter I: PROGRAMS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES / Section 15082: Grant authority
Grant authority
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to public or private nonprofit entities for projects of national significance relating to individuals with developmental disabilities to carry out activities described in section 15081(2) of this title.

(b) Federal interagency initiatives

(1) In general

(A) Authority

The Secretary may—

(i) enter into agreements with Federal agencies to jointly carry out activities described in section 15081(2) of this title or to jointly carry out activities of common interest related to the objectives of such section; and

(ii) transfer to such agencies for such purposes funds appropriated under this part, and receive and use funds from such agencies for such purposes.

(B) Relation to program purposes

Funds transferred or received pursuant to this paragraph shall be used only in accordance with statutes authorizing the appropriation of such funds. Such funds shall be made available through grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements only to recipients eligible to receive such funds under such statutes.

(C) Procedures and criteria

If the Secretary enters into an agreement under this subsection for the administration of a jointly funded project—

(i) the agreement shall specify which agency's procedures shall be used to award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements and to administer such awards;

(ii) the participating agencies may develop a single set of criteria for the jointly funded project, and may require applicants to submit a single application for joint review by such agencies; and

(iii) unless the heads of the participating agencies develop joint eligibility requirements, an applicant for an award for the project shall meet the eligibility requirements of each program involved.

(2) Limitation

The Secretary may not construe the provisions of this subsection to take precedence over a limitation on joint funding contained in an applicable statute.

(Pub. L. 106–402, title I, §162, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1727.)
42 U.S.C. § 13282 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 134: ENERGY POLICY / Subchapter IV: ELECTRIC MOTOR VEHICLES / Section 13282: Selection of proposals
Selection of proposals
Status: in_force

(a) Selection

(1) The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall, not later than 120 days after the closing date, as established by the Secretary, for receipt of proposals under section 13281 of this title, select at least one, but not more than 10, proposals to receive financial assistance under section 13283 of this title.

(2) The Secretary may select more than 10 proposals under this section, if the Secretary determines that the total amount of available funds is not likely to be otherwise utilized.

(3) Any proposal selected under paragraph (1) must satisfy the limitations set forth in section 13283(c) of this title.

(4) No one project selected under this section shall receive more than 25 percent of the funds authorized under section 13286 of this title.

(5) A demonstration project may not include electric motor vehicles in more than one eligible metropolitan area, unless the total number of electric motor vehicles in that project is equal to, or greater than, 100.

(b) Criteria

In selecting a proposal and in negotiating financial assistance under this section, the Secretary shall consider—

(1) the ability of the manufacturer, directly, indirectly, or in combination with the proposer, to develop, assist in the demonstration of, manufacture, distribute, sell, provide warranties for, service, and ensure the continued availability of parts for, electric motor vehicles in the demonstration project;

(2) the geographic and climatic diversity of the eligible metropolitan area or areas in which the demonstration project is to be undertaken, when considered in combination with other proposals and other selected demonstration projects;

(3) the long-term technical and competitive viability of the electric motor vehicles;

(4) the suitability of the electric motor vehicles for their intended uses;

(5) the environmental effects of the use of the proposed electric motor vehicles;

(6) the price differential and the proposed discount payment;

(7) the extent of involvement of State or local government and other persons in the demonstration project, and whether such involvement will—

(A) permit a reduction of the Federal cost share per vehicle; or

(B) otherwise be used to allow the Federal contribution to be provided for a greater number of electric motor vehicles;

(8) the proportion of domestic content of the electric motor vehicles and associated equipment;

(9) the safety of the electric motor vehicles; and

(10) such other criteria as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(c) Conditions

The Secretary shall require that—

(1) as a part of a demonstration project, the user or users of the electric motor vehicles will provide to the proposer and the manufacturer information regarding the operation, maintenance, performance, and use of the electric motor vehicles for 5 years after the beginning of the demonstration project;

(2) the proposer shall provide to the Secretary such information regarding the operation, maintenance, performance, and use of the electric motor vehicles as the Secretary may request during the period of the demonstration project;

(3) in the case of a demonstration project including automobiles or light duty trucks, the number of electric motor vehicles to be included in the demonstration project shall be no less than 50, except that the Secretary may select a demonstration project with fewer than 50 electric motor vehicles if the Secretary determines that selection of such a proposal will ensure that there is geographic or climatic diversity among the proposals selected and that an adequate demonstration to accelerate the development and use of electric motor vehicles can be undertaken with fewer than 50 electric motor vehicles; and

(4) the procurement practices of the manufacturer do not discriminate against United States producers of vehicle parts.

(Pub. L. 102–486, title VI, §612, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2901.)
42 U.S.C. § 8108 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 90: NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY REINVESTMENT, SELF-HELP AND REVITALIZATION / Subchapter I: NEIGHBORHOOD REINVESTMENT CORPORATION / Section 8108: Warnings to homeowners of foreclosure rescue scams
Warnings to homeowners of foreclosure rescue scams
Status: in_force

(a) Assistance to NRC

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, of any amounts made available for any fiscal year pursuant to section 1701x(a)(4)(F) of title 12 (as added by section 1444),1 10 percent shall be used only for assistance to the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation for activities, in consultation with servicers of residential mortgage loans, to provide notice to borrowers under such loans who are delinquent with respect to payments due under such loans that makes such borrowers aware of the dangers of fraudulent activities associated with foreclosure.

(b) Notice

The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation, in consultation with servicers of residential mortgage loans, shall use the amounts provided pursuant to subsection (a) to carry out activities to inform borrowers under residential mortgage loans—

(1) that the foreclosure process is complex and can be confusing;

(2) that the borrower may be approached during the foreclosure process by persons regarding saving their home and they should use caution in any such dealings;

(3) that there are Federal Government and nonprofit agencies that may provide information about the foreclosure process, including the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

(4) that they should contact their lender immediately, contact the Department of Housing and Urban Development to find a housing counseling agency certified by the Department to assist in avoiding foreclosure, or visit the Department's website regarding tips for avoiding foreclosure; and

(5) of the telephone number of the loan servicer or successor, the telephone number of the Department of Housing and Urban Development housing counseling line, and the Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for the Department of Housing and Urban Development Web sites for housing counseling and for tips for avoiding foreclosure.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title XIV, §1452, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2177.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1444, referred to in subsec. (a), means section 1444 of Pub. L. 111–203.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Expand and Preserve Home Ownership Through Counseling Act and also as part of the Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act and as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and not as part of the Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation Act which comprises this subchapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the date on which final regulations implementing such section take effect, or on the date that is 18 months after the designated transfer date if such regulations have not been issued by that date, see section 1400(c) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1601 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

1 See References in Text note below.
42 U.S.C. § 6505 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 78: NATIONAL PETROLEUM RESERVE IN ALASKA / Section 6505: Executive department responsibility for studies to determine procedures used in development, production, transportation, and distribution of petroleum resources in reserve; reports to Congress by President; establishment of task force by Secretary of the Interior; purposes; membership; report and recommendations to Congress by Secretary; contents
Executive department responsibility for studies to determine procedures used in development, production, transportation, and distribution of petroleum resources in reserve; reports to Congress by President; establishment of task force by Secretary of the Interior; purposes; membership; report and recommendations to Congress by Secretary; contents
Status: in_force

(a) Omitted

(b)(1) The President shall direct such Executive departments and/or agencies as he may deem appropriate to conduct a study, in consultation with representatives of the State of Alaska, to determine the best overall procedures to be used in the development, production, transportation, and distribution of petroleum resources in the reserve. Such study shall include, but shall not be limited to, a consideration of—

(A) the alternative procedures for accomplishing the development, production, transportation, and distribution of the petroleum resources from the reserve, and

(B) the economic and environmental consequences of such alternative procedures.

(2) The President shall make semiannual progress reports on the implementation of this subsection to the Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives beginning not later than six months after April 5, 1976, and shall, not later than one year after the transfer of jurisdiction of the reserve, and annually thereafter, report any findings or conclusions developed as a result of such study together with appropriate supporting data and such recommendations as he deems desirable. The study shall be completed and submitted to such committees, together with recommended procedures and any proposed legislation necessary to implement such procedures not later than January 1, 1980.

(c)(1) The Secretary of the Interior shall establish a task force to conduct a study to determine the values of, and best uses for, the lands contained in the reserve, taking into consideration (A) the natives who live or depend upon such lands, (B) the scenic, historical, recreational, fish and wildlife, and wilderness values, (C) mineral potential, and (D) other values of such lands.

(2) Such task force shall be composed of representatives from the government of Alaska, the Arctic slope native community, and such offices and bureaus of the Department of the Interior as the Secretary of the Interior deems appropriate, including, but not limited to, the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Geological Survey, and the United States Bureau of Mines.

(3) The Secretary of the Interior shall submit a report, together with the concurring or dissenting views, if any, of any non-Federal representatives of the task force, of the results of such study to the Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives within three years after April 5, 1976, and shall include in such report his recommendations with respect to the value, best use, and appropriate designation of the lands referred to in paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 94–258, title I, §105, Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 102–285, §10(b), May 18, 1992, 106 Stat. 172.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Subsec. (a) of this section amended former section 6244 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"United States Bureau of Mines" substituted for "Bureau of Mines" in subsec. (c)(2) pursuant to section 10(b) of Pub. L. 102–285, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining. For provisions relating to closure and transfer of functions of the United States Bureau of Mines, see note set out under section 1 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining.

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of Senate abolished and replaced by Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of Senate, effective Feb. 11, 1977. See Rule XXV of Standing Rules of Senate, as amended by Senate Resolution No. 4 (popularly cited as the "Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977"), approved Feb. 4, 1977.

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the House of Representatives changed to Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives on Jan. 5, 1993, by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Third Congress.
42 U.S.C. § 12006 (2024) — Title 42: THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE / Chapter 125: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGY COMPETITIVENESS / Section 12006: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

(a) Report by Secretary

One year after December 11, 1989, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall report to Congress on the programs and projects supported under this chapter and the progress being made toward accomplishing the goals and purposes set forth in this chapter.

(b) National renewable energy and energy efficiency management plan

(1) The Secretary, in consultation with the Advisory Committee, shall prepare a three-year management plan to be administered and carried out by the Secretary in the conduct of activities under this chapter.

(2) After opportunity for public comment and consideration, as appropriate, of such comment, the Secretary shall publish the plan.

(3) In addition to describing the Secretary's intentions for administering this chapter, the plan shall include a comprehensive strategy for assisting the private sector—

(A) in commercializing the renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies developed under this chapter; and

(B) in meeting competition from foreign suppliers of products derived from renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies.

(4) The plan shall address the role of federally-assisted research, development, and demonstration in the achievement of applicable national policy goals of the National Energy Policy Plan required under section 7321 of this title and the plan developed under section 5905 of this title.

(5) In addition, the Plan 1 shall—

(A) contain a detailed assessment of program needs, objectives, and priorities for each of the programs authorized under section 12005 of this title;

(B) use a uniform prioritization methodology to facilitate cost-benefit analyses of proposals in various program areas;

(C) establish milestones for setting forth specific technology transfer activities under each program area;

(D) include annual and five-year cost estimates for individual programs under this chapter; and

(E) identify program areas for which funding levels have been changed from the previous year's Plan.1

(6) Within one year after October 24, 1992, the Secretary shall submit a revised management plan under this section to Congress. Thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a management plan every three years at the time of submittal of the President's annual budget submission to the Congress.

(c) Report on options

As part of the first report submitted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report analyzing options available to the Secretary under existing law to assist the private sector with the timely commercialization of wind, photovoltaic, solar thermal, biofuels, hydrogen, solar buildings, marine, geothermal, low-head hydro, and energy storage renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency technologies through emphasis on development and demonstration assistance to specific technologies in the research, development, and demonstration programs of the Department of Energy that are near commercial application.

(Pub. L. 101–218, §9, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1868; Pub. L. 102–486, title XII, §1202(c), (d)(5), title XXIII, §2303(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2959, 2960, 3093; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title III, §3006(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2512.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1), (3), (5)(D), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–218, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 1859, known as the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12001 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "marine," for "ocean,".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–486, §1202(d)(5), substituted "and projects" for ", projects, and joint ventures".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–486, §1202(c)(1), inserted "three-year" before "management plan".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–486, §2303(b), inserted before period at end "and the plan developed under section 5905 of this title".

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 102–486, §1202(c)(2), added pars. (5) and (6) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "The plan shall accompany the President's annual budget submission to the Congress."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which reports required under subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section are listed as the 20th item on page 84 and the 19th item on page 86), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.