7 U.S.C. § 2008h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2008h: Loan and loan servicing limitations
Loan and loan servicing limitations
Status: in_force

(a) Delinquent borrowers prohibited from obtaining direct operating loans

The Secretary may not make a direct operating loan under subchapter II to a borrower who is delinquent on any loan made or guaranteed under this chapter.

(b) Prohibition of loans for borrowers that have received debt forgiveness

(1) Prohibitions

Except as provided in paragraph (2)—

(A) the Secretary may not make a loan under this chapter to a borrower that has received debt forgiveness on a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter; and

(B) the Secretary may not guarantee a loan under this chapter to a borrower that has received—

(i) debt forgiveness after April 4, 1996, on a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter; or

(ii) received debt forgiveness on more than 3 occasions on or before April 4, 1996.

(2) Exceptions

(A) In general

The Secretary may make a direct or guaranteed farm operating loan for paying annual farm or ranch operating expenses of a borrower who—

(i) was restructured with a write-down under section 2001 of this title;

(ii) is current on payments under a confirmed reorganization plan under chapters 1 11, 12, or 13 of title 11; or

(iii) received debt forgiveness on not more than 1 occasion resulting directly and primarily from a major disaster or emergency designated by the President on or after April 4, 1996, under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).

(B) Emergency loans

(i) In general

The Secretary may make an emergency loan under section 1961 of this title to a borrower that—

(I) on or before April 4, 1996, received not more than 1 debt forgiveness on a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter; and

(II) after April 4, 1996, has not received debt forgiveness on a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter.

(ii) Restructured loans

For purposes of clause (i), a borrower who was restructured with a write-down or restructuring under section 2001 of this title shall not be considered to have received debt forgiveness on a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter.

(c) No more than 1 debt forgiveness for borrower on direct loan

The Secretary may not provide to a borrower debt forgiveness on a direct loan made under this chapter if the borrower has received debt forgiveness on another direct loan made under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §373, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VI, §648(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1104; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title VIII, §801], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–37; Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5319, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5307, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4673.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iii), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–334 designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and inserted heading, redesignated former cls. (i) and (ii) as subcls. (I) and (II), respectively, of cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).

2002—Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 107–171 added cl. (iii).

1998—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277 added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b). Text read as follows:

"(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary may not make or guarantee a loan under this chapter to a borrower who received debt forgiveness on a loan made or guaranteed under this chapter.

"(2) Exception.—The Secretary may make a direct or guaranteed farm operating loan for paying annual farm or ranch operating expenses of a borrower who was restructured with a write-down under section 2001 of this title."

1 So in original. Probably should be "chapter".
7 U.S.C. § 1307 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1307: Limitation on payments under wheat, feed grains, and cotton programs for 1974 through 1977 crops
Limitation on payments under wheat, feed grains, and cotton programs for 1974 through 1977 crops
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

(1) The total amount of payments which a person shall be entitled to receive under one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1976 crops of the commodities and by titles IV and V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 and titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1977 crop of the commodities shall not exceed $20,000.

(2) The term "payments" as used in this section shall not include loans or purchases, or any part of any payment which is determined by the Secretary to represent compensation for resource adjustment or public access for recreation.

(3) If the Secretary determines that the total amount of payments which will be earned by any person under the program in effect for any crop will be reduced under this section, the set-aside acreage for the farm or farms on which such person will be sharing in payments earned under such program shall be reduced to such extent and in such manner as the Secretary determines will be fair and reasonable in relation to the amount of the payment reduction.

(4) The Secretary shall issue regulations defining the term "person" and prescribing such rules as he determines necessary to assure a fair and reasonable application of such limitation: Provided, That the provisions of this Act which limit payments to any person shall not be applicable to lands owned by States, political subdivisions, or agencies thereof, so long as such lands are farmed primarily in the direct furtherance of a public function, as determined by the Secretary. The rules for determining whether corporations and their stockholders may be considered as separate persons shall be in accordance with the regulations issued by the Secretary on December 18, 1970.

(Pub. L. 91–524, title I, §101, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358; Pub. L. 93–86, §1(1), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 221; Pub. L. 95–113, title I, §104, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 919.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in pars. (1) and (4), is Pub. L. 91–524, Nov. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1358, known as the Agricultural Act of 1970. Title IV of that Act enacted section 1334a–1 of this title, amended sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1378, 1379, 1379b, 1379c, 1379d, 1379e, 1379g, 1385, 1427, 1428, and 1445a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1301, 1305, 1306, 1330 to 1334, 1335, 1336, 1338, 1339, and 1379c of this title. Title V of that Act amended section 1444b of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 1444b of this title. Title VI of that Act enacted sections 1342a, 1350a, and 2119 of this title, amended sections 1305, 1344b, 1350, 1374, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1444a of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1305, 1342, 1342a, 1343, 1344, 1344b, 1345, 1346, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1444, and 1446d of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1970 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

The Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 913. Title IV of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 enacted section 1445b of this title, amended sections 1385, 1427, and 1428 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1330, 1331, 1379d, 1385, 1427, 1428, 1445a, and 1445b of this title. Title V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 enacted section 1444c of this title and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1444b and 1444c of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act of 1970, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1977—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–113 substituted "to receive under one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1976 crops of the commodities and by titles IV and V of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 and titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1977 crop" for "to receive under one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1977 crops".

1973—Par. (1). Pub. L. 93–86 substituted "one or more of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1974 through 1977 crops of the Commodities shall not exceed $20,000" for "each of the annual programs established by titles IV, V, and VI of this Act for the 1971, 1972, or 1973 crop of the commodity shall not exceed $55,000".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 93–86 substituted "shall not include loans or purchases, or any part of any payment which is determined by the Secretary to represent compensation for resource adjustment or public access for recreation" for "includes price-support payments, set-aside payments, diversion payments, public access payments, and marketing certificates, but does not include loans or purchases".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–86 reenacted par. (3) without change.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 93–86 inserted provision that the rules for determining whether corporations and their stockholders may be considered as separate persons shall be in accordance with the regulations issued by the Secretary on December 18, 1970.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–113, title XIX, §1901, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1045, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided herein, the provisions of this Act [see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title] shall become effective October 1, 1977."

Exemption of Disaster Payment Limitations Respecting 1977 Crops of Wheat, Feed Grains, Upland Cotton, and Rice

Pub. L. 95–156, Nov. 8, 1977, 91 Stat. 1264, provided: "That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the term 'payments' as used in section 101 of the Agricultural Act of 1970, as amended [this section], and section 101(g)(13) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended [section 1441(g)(13) of this title], shall not include any part of any payment which is determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to represent compensation for disaster loss with respect to the 1977 crops of wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice."
7 U.S.C. § 7998 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter VI: ADMINISTRATION / Section 7998: Estimates of net farm income
Estimates of net farm income
Status: in_force

In each issuance of projections of net farm income, the Secretary shall include (as determined by the Secretary)—

(1) an estimate of the net farm income earned by commercial producers in the United States; and

(2) an estimate of the net farm income attributable to commercial producers of each of the following:

(A) Livestock.

(B) Loan commodities.

(C) Agricultural commodities other than loan commodities.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1615, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 222.)
7 U.S.C. § 1597 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1597: Agent's acts as binding principal
Agent's acts as binding principal
Status: in_force

When construing and enforcing the provisions of this chapter, the act, omission, or failure of any officer, agent, or other person acting for or employed by any person, partnership, corporation, company, society, or association, shall in every case be also deemed to be the act, omission, or failure of such person, partnership, corporation, company, society, or association, as well as that of the person employed.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, §407, 53 Stat. 1286.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1310 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1310: American agriculture protection program
American agriculture protection program
Status: in_force

(a) Determination of short supply; suspension of commercial export sales; parity price

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President or any other member of the executive branch of the Federal Government causes to be suspended, based upon a determination of short supply, the commercial export sales of any commodity, as defined in subsection (c) of this section, to any country or area with which the United States otherwise continues commercial trade, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, on the day the suspension is initiated, set the loan level for such commodity under the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], if a loan program is in effect for the commodity, at 90 per centum of the parity price for the commodity, as such parity price is determined on the day the suspension is initiated.

(b) Duration of loan level

Any loan level established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall remain in effect as long as the suspension of commercial export sales described in subsection (a) remains in effect.

(c) "Commodity" defined

For purposes of this section, the term "commodity" shall include any of the following: wheat, corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, oats, rye, barley, rice, flaxseed, and cotton.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title X, §1002, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 950.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, and not as part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7334 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter VIII: MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITY PROVISIONS / Section 7334: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title II, §2814, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4602
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title II, §2814, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4602
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 104–127, title III, §385, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1016, related to flood risk reduction contracts during fiscal years 1996 through 2002.
7 U.S.C. § 8304 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 109: ANIMAL HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 8304: Exportation
Exportation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary may prohibit or restrict—

(1) the exportation of any animal, article, or means of conveyance if the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary to prevent the dissemination from or within the United States of any pest or disease of livestock;

(2) the exportation of any livestock if the Secretary determines that the livestock is unfit to be moved;

(3) the use of any means of conveyance or facility in connection with the exportation of any animal or article if the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary to prevent the dissemination from or within the United States of any pest or disease of livestock; or

(4) the use of any means of conveyance in connection with the exportation of livestock if the Secretary determines that the prohibition or restriction is necessary because the means of conveyance has not been maintained in a clean and sanitary condition or does not have accommodations for the safe and proper movement and humane treatment of livestock.

(b) Requirements of owners

(1) Orders to disinfect

The Secretary may require the disinfection of—

(A) a means of conveyance used in connection with the exportation of an animal;

(B) an individual involved in the exportation of an animal and personal articles of the individual; and

(C) any article used in the exportation of an animal.

(2) Failure to comply with orders

If an owner fails to comply with an order of the Secretary under this section, the Secretary may—

(A) take remedial action with respect to the animal, article, or means of conveyance referred to in paragraph (1); and

(B) recover from the owner the costs of any care, handling, disposal, or other action incurred by the Secretary in connection with the remedial action.

(c) Certification

The Secretary may certify the classification, quality, quantity, condition, processing, handling, or storage of any animal or article intended for export.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There is authorized to be appropriated—

(A) $1,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2018 to carry out section 11010 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008; and

(B) such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2018 to carry out this section.

(2) Availability

Funds appropriated under paragraph (1) shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10405, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 110–234, title XI, §11010(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XI, §11010(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2121; Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12101(c), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 978.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 11010 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(A), is section 11010 of Pub. L. 110–246, which amended this section and enacted provisions set out as a note below.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "2018" for "2012" in subpars. (A) and (B).

2008—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §11010(c), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to agricultural import and entry inspection activities under this chapter to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 231, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Trichinae Certification Program

Pub. L. 113–79, title XII, §12101(a), (b), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 978, provided that:

"(a) Alternative Certification Process.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall amend the rule made under paragraph (2) of section 11010(a) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 8304(a) [sic]) [7 U.S.C. 8304 note, set out below] to implement the voluntary trichinae certification program established under paragraph (1) of such section, to include a requirement to establish an alternative trichinae certification process based on surveillance or other methods consistent with international standards for categorizing compartments as having negligible risk for trichinae.

"(b) Final Regulations.—Not later than one year after the date on which the international standards referred to in subsection (a) are adopted, the Secretary shall finalize the rule amended under such subsection."

Pub. L. 110–234, title XI, §11010(a), (b), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1359, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XI, §11010(a), (b), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2121, provided that:

"(a) Voluntary Trichinae Certification.—

"(1) Establishment.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 18, 2008], the Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a voluntary trichinae certification program. Such program shall include the facilitation of the export of pork products and certification services related to such products.

"(2) Regulations.—The Secretary shall issue final regulations to implement the program under paragraph (1) not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(3) Report.—If final regulations are not published in accordance with paragraph (2) within 90 days of the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report containing—

"(A) an explanation of why the final regulations have not been issued in accordance with paragraph (2); and

"(B) the date on which the Secretary expects to issue such final regulations.

"(b) Funding.—Subject to the availability of appropriations under subsection (d)(1)(A) of section 10405 of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8304), as added by subsection (c), the Secretary shall use not less than $6,200,000 of the funds made available under such subsection to carry out subsection (a)."

[Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical provisions. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.]
7 U.S.C. § 1512 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1512: Corporation as fiscal agent of Government
Corporation as fiscal agent of Government
Status: in_force

When designated for that purpose by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Corporation shall be a depository of public money, except receipts from customs, under such regulations as may be prescribed by said Secretary; and it may also be employed as a financial agent of the Government; and it shall perform all such reasonable duties, as a depository of public money and financial agent of the Government, as may be required of it.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §512, 52 Stat. 75.)

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Administration of program of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §501, eff. July 16, 1946, 11 F.R. 7877, 60 Stat. 1100. See note set out under section 1503 of this title.

Wartime consolidation of Federal Crop Insurance Corporation into Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration, see note set out under section 1503 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2030 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 51: SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM / Section 2030: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title IV, §4115(b)(14), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1108, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title IV, §4115(b)(14), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1870
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title IV, §4115(b)(14), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1108, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title IV, §4115(b)(14), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1870
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 88–525, §21, as added Pub. L. 100–203, title I, §1509, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–29; amended Pub. L. 100–481, §1, Oct. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 2336; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §104(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829, related to a demonstration project as an alternative to the food stamp program in the State of Washington.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of section effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

Repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 641 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter IV: REFUNDS / Section 641: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 641, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §601, 49 Stat. 1739, related to refunds in cases where exports, deliveries for charitable distribution or use, manufacture of large cotton bags, or the decrease in rate of processing tax took place prior to January 6, 1936, specified persons entitled to refunds, and filing and determination of claims.

Section 642, acts June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §602, 49 Stat. 1740; Aug. 10, 1939, ch. 666, title IX, §911, 53 Stat. 1402, specified amount of refunds on articles processed wholly or in chief value from a commodity subject to processing tax, defined certain terms, prohibited payments with respect to retail floor stocks with some exceptions, and made final determinations of Commissioner of Internal Revenue with respect to such payments.

Section 643, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §603, 49 Stat. 1742, made applicable proclamations, certificates, and regulations of this chapter for purpose of determining amount of refunds or payments authorized by sections 641 and 642.

Section 644, acts June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §902, 49 Stat. 1747; Oct. 21, 1942, ch. 619, title V, §§504(a), (c), 510(e), 56 Stat. 957, 968, conditioned allowance of refunds on a showing by claimant that he bore burden of tax or that he repaid such amount unconditionally to his vendee.

Section 645, acts June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §903, 49 Stat. 1747; June 29, 1939, ch. 247, title IV, §405, 53 Stat. 884, prohibited refunds except where claims were filed after June 22, 1936, and prior to January 1, 1940, and provided for regulations relating to filing of such claims.

Section 646, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §904, 49 Stat. 1747, provided that no action could be brought before expiration of eighteen months from date of filing of a claim, or after expiration of two years from date of mailing to claimant of a notice disallowing the claim.

Section 647, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §905, 49 Stat. 1748, provided for District Courts of the United States to have concurrent jurisdiction with Court of Claims or refund cases regardless of amount in controversy.

Section 648, acts June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §906, 49 Stat. 1748; Oct. 21, 1942, ch. 619, title V, §§504(a), (c), 510(b), (f)(1), (g)–(j), 56 Stat. 957, 967; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §32, 62 Stat. 991; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, §127, 63 Stat. 107, related to procedure on claims for refunds of processing taxes, review of actions of Commissioner of Internal Revenue by Tax Court, and review of Tax Court decisions by Courts of Appeals.

Section 649, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §907, 49 Stat. 1751, related to evidence and presumptions.

Section 650, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §908, 49 Stat. 1753, placed limitations on allowance of claims and interest.

Section 651, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §909, 49 Stat. 1753, provided that, in absence of fraud or mistake, findings of fact and conclusions of law of Commissioner was conclusive on any other administrative or accounting officer.

Section 652, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §910, 49 Stat. 1753, related to liability of collectors.

Section 653, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §911, 49 Stat. 1753, made provisions of former sections 644–659 of this title inapplicable to certain refunds.

Section 654, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §912, 49 Stat. 1754, provided that suits or proceedings, and claims barred on June 22, 1936, shall remain barred.

Section 655, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §913, 49 Stat. 1754, defined "tax", "processing tax," "commodity", "article", "refund", and "Agricultural Adjustment Act".

Section 656, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §914, 49 Stat. 1754, related to authority of Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Section 657, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §915, 49 Stat. 1755, relating to salaries and administrative expenses, made funds available until June 30, 1937, and was not extended.

Section 658, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §916, 49 Stat. 1755, provided that Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with approval of Secretary of Agriculture, prescribe rules and regulations for carrying out provisions of sections 644 to 659 of this title.

Section 659, act June 22, 1936, ch. 690, §917, 49 Stat. 1755, related to personnel.
7 U.S.C. § 248 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 10: WAREHOUSES / Section 248: Commingling of agricultural products
Commingling of agricultural products
Status: in_force

(a) In general

A warehouse operator may commingle agricultural products in a manner approved by the Secretary.

(b) Liability

A warehouse operator shall be severally liable to each depositor or holder for the care and redelivery of the share of the depositor and holder of the commingled agricultural product to the same extent and under the same circumstances as if the agricultural products had been stored separately.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §9, as added Pub. L. 106–472, title II, §201, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2065.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 248, acts Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §9, 39 Stat. 487; Mar. 2, 1931, ch. 366, §4, 46 Stat. 1464, related to issuance of licenses to persons other than warehousemen, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472. See section 242 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2463 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter II: PROTECTABILITY OF PLANT VARIETIES AND CERTIFICATES OF PROTECTION / Section 2463: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-349, §8(c)(2), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3141
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-349, §8(c)(2), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3141
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 91–577, title II, §73, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1550; Pub. L. 103–349, §8(c)(1), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3140, related to appeal or civil action in contested cases. Prior to repeal, subsec. (b) of this section was transferred to section 2504 of this title by Pub. L. 103–349, §8(c)(1), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3140.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective 180 days after Oct. 6, 1994, see section 15 of Pub. L. 103–349, set out as an Effective Date of 1994 Amendment note under section 2401 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 503 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21: TOBACCO STATISTICS / Section 503: Reports; necessity; by whom made; penalties
Reports; necessity; by whom made; penalties
Status: in_force

It shall be the duty of every dealer, manufacturer, quasi-manufacturer, growers' cooperative association, warehouseman, broker, holder, or owner, other than the original grower, except such persons as are excluded by the proviso to section 501 of this title, to furnish within fifteen days after January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1 of each year, completely and correctly, to the best of his knowledge, a report of the quantity of leaf tobacco on hand, segregated in accordance with the blanks furnished by the Secretary of Agriculture. Any person, firm, association, or corporation required by this chapter to furnish a report, and any officer, agent, or employee thereof who shall refuse or willfully neglect to furnish any of the information required by this chapter, or shall willfully give answers that are false or misleading, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not less than $300 or more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

(Jan. 14, 1929, ch. 69, §3, 45 Stat. 1080; July 14, 1932, ch. 480, §2, 47 Stat. 663.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1932—Act July 14, 1932, made quasi-manufacturers subject to section.
7 U.S.C. § 6203 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 91: LIME PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 6203: Issuance of orders
Issuance of orders
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to this chapter, and to effectuate the declared purposes of this chapter, the Secretary shall issue and, from time to time, amend lime research, promotion, and consumer information orders applicable to handlers, producers, producer-handlers, and importers of limes. Any such order shall be national in scope. Not more than one order shall be in effect under this chapter at any one time.

(b) Procedure

(1) Proposal for issuance of order

Any person that will be affected by this chapter may request the issuance of, and submit a proposal for, an order under this chapter.

(2) Proposed order

Not later than 60 days after the receipt of a request and proposal by an interested person for an order, the Secretary shall publish a proposed order and give due notice and opportunity for public comment on the proposed order.

(3) Issuance of order

After notice and opportunity for public comment are given, as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall issue an order, taking into consideration the comments received and including in the order provisions necessary to ensure that the order is in conformity with the requirements of this chapter.

(4) Effective date of order

Such order shall be issued and become effective not later than 150 days following publication of the proposed order.

(c) Amendments

The Secretary, from time to time, may amend any order issued under this section. The provisions of this chapter applicable to orders shall be applicable to amendments to orders.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1954, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3872.)
7 U.S.C. § 6925 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter I: GENERAL REORGANIZATION AUTHORITIES / Section 6925: Food Access Liaison
Food Access Liaison
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish the position of Food Access Liaison to coordinate Department programs to reduce barriers to food access and monitor and evaluate the progress of such programs in accordance with this section.

(b) Duties

The Food Access Liaison shall—

(1) coordinate the efforts of the Department, including regional offices, to experiment and consider programs and policies aimed at reducing barriers to food access for consumers, including but not limited to participants in nutrition assistance programs;

(2) provide outreach to entities engaged in activities to reduce barriers to food access in accordance with the statutory authorization for each program;

(3) provide outreach to entities engaged in activities to reduce barriers to food access, including retailers, markets, producers, and others involved in food production and distribution, with respect to the availability of, and eligibility for, Department programs;

(4) raise awareness of food access issues in interactions with employees of the Department;

(5) make recommendations to the Secretary with respect to efforts to reduce barriers to food access; and

(6) submit to Congress an annual report with respect to the efforts of the Department to reduce barriers to food access.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §225, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12614(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5014.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 225 of Pub. L. 103–354 is classified to section 6931 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Technical Assistance

Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12614(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5014, provided that: "The Secretary [of Agriculture] shall provide technical assistance to entities that are participants, or seek to participate, in Department of Agriculture programs related to reduction of barriers to food access."
7 U.S.C. § 5855 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter III: NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL WEATHER INFORMATION SYSTEM / Section 5855: Funding
Funding
Status: in_force

(a) Allocation of funds

(1) Cooperative work

Not less than 15 percent and not more than 25 percent of the funds appropriated for a fiscal year to carry out this subchapter shall be used for cooperative work with the National Weather Service entered into under section 5852(b)(1) of this title.

(2) Competitive grants program

Not less than 15 percent and not more than 25 percent of such funds shall be used by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture for a competitive grants program under section 5852(c) of this title.

(3) Weather information systems

Not less than 25 percent and not more than 35 percent of such funds shall be divided equally between the participating States selected for that fiscal year under section 5854 of this title.

(4) Other purposes

The remaining funds shall be allocated for use by the Agricultural Weather Office and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture in carrying out generally the provisions of this subchapter.

(b) Limitations on use of funds

Funds provided under the authority of this subchapter shall not be used for the construction of facilities. Each State or agency receiving funds shall not use more than 30 percent of such funds for equipment purchases. Any use of the funds in facilitating the distribution of agricultural and climate information to producers shall be done with consideration for the role that the private meteorological sector can play in such information delivery.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012 and $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, §1641, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3750; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §833, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1168; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§7202, 7511(c)(20), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1233, 1269; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §§7202, 7511(c)(20), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1994, 2030; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7206, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 881; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7207, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4805.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "to carry out this subchapter $5,000,000" for "$5,000,000 to carry out this subchapter" and inserted "and $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018" before period at end.

2008—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(20)(A), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Cooperative State Research Service".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(20)(B), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Extension Service".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–246, §7202, substituted "2008 through 2012" for "1991 through 1997".

1996—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "1997" for "1995".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(20) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7448 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter III: CANOLA AND RAPESEED / Section 7448: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) Jurisdiction

The district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, an order or regulation made or issued under this subchapter.

(b) Referral to Attorney General

A civil action authorized to be commenced under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action, except that the Secretary shall not be required to refer to the Attorney General a violation of this subchapter if the Secretary believes that the administration and enforcement of this subchapter would be adequately served by providing a suitable written notice or warning to the person committing the violation or by administrative action under subsection (c).

(c) Civil penalties and orders

(1) Civil penalties

(A) In general

Any person who willfully violates any provision of an order or regulation issued by the Secretary under this subchapter, or who fails or refuses to pay, collect, or remit an assessment or fee required of the person under an order or regulation, may be assessed—

(i) a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $1,000 for each violation; and

(ii) in the case of a willful failure to pay, collect, or remit an assessment as required by an order or regulation, an additional penalty equal to the amount of the assessment.

(B) Separate offense

Each violation under subparagraph (A) shall be a separate offense.

(2) Cease-and-desist orders

In addition to, or in lieu of, a civil penalty under paragraph (1), the Secretary may issue an order requiring a person to cease and desist from continuing a violation.

(3) Notice and hearing

No penalty shall be assessed, or cease-and-desist order issued, by the Secretary under this subsection unless the person against whom the penalty is assessed or the cease-and-desist order is issued is given notice and opportunity for a hearing before the Secretary with respect to the violation.

(4) Finality

The order of the Secretary assessing a penalty or imposing a cease-and-desist order under this subsection shall be final and conclusive unless the affected person files an appeal of the order in the appropriate district court of the United States in accordance with subsection (d).

(d) Review by district court

(1) Commencement of action

Any person who has been determined to be in violation of this subchapter, or against whom a civil penalty has been assessed or a cease-and-desist order issued under subsection (c), may obtain review of the penalty or cease-and-desist order by—

(A) filing, within the 30-day period beginning on the date the penalty is assessed or cease-and-desist order issued, a notice of appeal in—

(i) the district court of the United States for the district in which the person resides or carries on business; or

(ii) the United States District Court for the District of Columbia; and

(B) simultaneously sending a copy of the notice by certified mail to the Secretary.

(2) Record

The Secretary shall file promptly, in the appropriate court referred to in paragraph (1), a certified copy of the record on which the Secretary determined that the person committed the violation.

(3) Standard of review

A finding of the Secretary under this section shall be set aside only if the finding is found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.

(e) Failure to obey cease-and-desist orders

Any person who fails to obey a cease-and-desist order issued under this section after the cease-and-desist order has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate United States district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, shall be subject to a civil penalty assessed by the Secretary, after opportunity for a hearing and for judicial review under the procedures specified in subsections (c) and (d), of not more than $5,000 for each offense. Each day during which the failure continues shall be considered as a separate violation of the cease-and-desist order.

(f) Failure to pay penalties

If a person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty under this section after the assessment has become a final and unappealable order, or after the appropriate United States district court has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General for recovery of the amount assessed in the district court of the United States for any district in which the person resides or carries on business. In an action for recovery, the validity and appropriateness of the final order imposing the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

(g) Additional remedies

The remedies provided in this subchapter shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may be available.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §539, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1061.)
7 U.S.C. § 6996 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter VIII: NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION / Section 6996: Right of participants to Division hearing
Right of participants to Division hearing
Status: in_force

(a) Appeal to Division for hearing

Subject to subsection (b), a participant shall have the right to appeal an adverse decision to the Division for an evidentiary hearing by a hearing officer consistent with section 6997 of this title.

(b) Time for appeal

To be entitled to a hearing under section 6997 of this title, a participant shall request the hearing not later than 30 days after the date on which the participant first received notice of the adverse decision.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §276, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3230.)
7 U.S.C. § 7803 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 105: HASS AVOCADO PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7803: Issuance of orders
Issuance of orders
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Issuance

To effectuate the policy of this chapter specified in section 7801(b) of this title, the Secretary, subject to the procedures provided in subsection (b), shall issue orders under this chapter applicable to producers, importers, and first handlers of Hass avocados.

(2) Scope

Any order shall be national in scope.

(3) One order

Not more than one order shall be in effect at any one time.

(b) Procedures

(1) Proposal for an order

An existing organization of avocado producers established pursuant to a State statute, or any other person who will be affected by this chapter, may request the issuance of, and submit a proposal for an order.

(2) Publication of proposal

The Secretary shall publish a proposed order and give notice and opportunity for public comment on the proposed order not later than 60 days after receipt by the Secretary of a proposal for an order from an existing organization of avocado producers established pursuant to a State statute, as provided in paragraph (1).

(3) Issuance of order

(A) In general

After notice and opportunity for public comment are provided in accordance with paragraph (2), the Secretary shall issue the order, taking into consideration the comments received and including in the order such provisions as are necessary to ensure that the order is in conformity with this chapter.

(B) Effective date

The order shall be issued and become effective only after an affirmative vote in a referendum as provided in section 7805 of this title, but not later than 180 days after publication of the proposed order.

(c) Amendments

The Secretary, from time to time, may amend an order. The provisions of this chapter applicable to an order shall be applicable to any amendment to an order.

(Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title XII, §1204], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–81.)
7 U.S.C. § 150 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 7A: GOLDEN NEMATODE / Section 150: Repealed. Pub. L. 106-224, title IV, §438(a)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
Repealed. Pub. L. 106-224, title IV, §438(a)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454
Status: repealed

Section 150, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §1, 62 Stat. 442, set forth governmental policy for protection of potatoes and tomatoes from golden nematode.

Section 150a, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §2, 62 Stat. 443, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to carry out operations to eradicate, suppress, control, or prevent spread of golden nematode.

Section 150b, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §3, 62 Stat. 443, related to inspections, quarantines, restrictions on planting, crop destruction, and compensation of growers.

Section 150c, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §4, 62 Stat. 443, made expenditure of funds discretionary with Secretary.

Section 150d, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §5, 62 Stat. 443, made State legislative action prerequisite to restrictions on or destruction of crops.

Section 150e, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §6, 62 Stat. 443, related to determination of amount of compensation paid to growers.

Section 150f, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §7, 62 Stat. 443, authorized expenditures, including employment of personnel, printing and binding, and purchase of vehicles.

Section 150g, act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §8, 62 Stat. 443, directed that chapter be construed to supplement existing legislation.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Act June 15, 1948, ch. 471, §9, 62 Stat. 443, provided that act June 15, 1948, enacting this chapter, could be cited as the "Golden Nematode Act", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–224, title IV, §438(a)(8), June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 454.
7 U.S.C. § 2219 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2219: Salaries; how paid
Salaries; how paid
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to pay the salary of each employee from the roll of the bureau, independent division, or office in which the employee is working, and no other.

(Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, 34 Stat. 1280.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 528 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
7 U.S.C. § 2545 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter III: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND RIGHTS / Section 2545: Intermediary exemption
Intermediary exemption
Status: in_force

Transportation or delivery by a carrier in the ordinary course of its business as a carrier, or advertising by a person in the advertising business in the ordinary course of that business, shall not constitute an infringement of the protection provided under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §115, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1555.)
7 U.S.C. § 915 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter I: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION / Section 915: Purchase of financial and credit reports
Purchase of financial and credit reports
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to purchase such financial and credit reports as may be necessary to carry out the Secretary's authorized work: Provided, That purchases under this authority shall not be made unless provision is made therefor in the applicable appropriation and the cost thereof is not in excess of limitations prescribed therein.

(Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title V, §505, 58 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §235(b)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3221.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944, and not as part of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 which constitutes this chapter.

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 substituted "Secretary of Agriculture" for "Rural Electrification Administration" and "the Secretary's" for "its".
7 U.S.C. § 4202 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 73: FARMLAND PROTECTION POLICY / Section 4202: Identifying effects of Federal programs on conversion of farmland to nonagricultural uses
Identifying effects of Federal programs on conversion of farmland to nonagricultural uses
Status: in_force

(a) Development of criteria to identify

The Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with other departments, agencies, independent commissions, and other units of the Federal Government, shall develop criteria for identifying the effects of Federal programs on the conversion of farmland to nonagricultural uses.

(b) Use of criteria to identify

Departments, agencies, independent commissions, and other units of the Federal Government shall use the criteria established under subsection (a) of this section, to identify the quantity of farmland actually converted by Federal programs, and to identify and take into account the adverse effects of Federal programs on the preservation of farmland; consider alternative actions, as appropriate, that could lessen such adverse effects; and assure that such Federal programs, to the extent practicable, are compatible with State, unit of local government, and private programs and policies to protect farmland.

(c) Availability of restorative, etc., information

The Department of Agriculture may make available to States, units of local government, individuals, organizations, and other units of the Federal Government information useful in restoring, maintaining, and improving the quantity and quality of farmland.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XV, §1541, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1342; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIV, §1454, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3614.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–624 inserted "to identify the quantity of farmland actually converted by Federal programs, and" after "of this section,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective six months after Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1549 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as a note under section 4201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5678 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 5678: Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award
Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) United States producers of agricultural products are some of the most productive and efficient producers of agricultural products in the world;

(2) continued growth and expansion of markets for United States agricultural exports is crucial to the continued development and economic well-being of rural areas of the United States and the agricultural sector of the United States economy;

(3) in recent years, United States agricultural exports have steadily increased, surpassing $54,000,000,000 in value in 1995;

(4) as United States agricultural producers move toward a market-oriented system in which planting and other decisions by producers are driven by national and international market signals, developing new and expanding agricultural export markets is vital to maintaining a vibrant and healthy agricultural sector and rural economy; and

(5) a United States agricultural export excellence award will increase United States agricultural exports by—

(A) identifying efforts of United States entities to develop and expand markets for United States agricultural exports through the development of new products and services and through the use of innovative marketing techniques;

(B) recognizing achievements of those who have exhibited or supported entrepreneurial efforts to expand and create new markets for United States agricultural exports or increase the volume or value of United States agricultural exports; and

(C) disseminating information on successful methods used to develop and expand markets for United States agricultural exports.

(b) Establishment

There is established the Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award, which shall be evidenced by a medal bearing the inscription "Edward R. Madigan United States Agricultural Export Excellence Award". The medal shall be of such design and materials and bear such additional inscriptions as the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the "Secretary") may prescribe.

(c) Selection of recipient

The President or the Secretary (on the basis of recommendations received from the board established under subsection (h)) shall periodically provide the award to companies and other entities that in the judgment of the President or the Secretary substantially encourage entrepreneurial efforts in the food and agriculture sector for advancing United States agricultural exports.

(d) Presentation of award

The presentation of the award shall be made by the President or the Secretary with such ceremonies as the President or the Secretary considers proper.

(e) Publication of award

An entity to which an award is made under this section may publicize the receipt of the award by the entity and use the award in advertising of the entity.

(f) Categories for which award may be given

Separate awards shall be made to qualifying entities in each of the following categories:

(1) Development of new products or services for agricultural export markets.

(2) Development of new agricultural export markets.

(3) Creative marketing of products or services in agricultural export markets.

(g) Criteria for qualification

An entity may qualify for an award under this section only if the entity—

(1)(A) applies to the board established under subsection (h) in writing for the award; or

(B) is recommended for the award by a Governor of a State;

(2)(A) has exhibited significant entrepreneurial effort to create new markets for United States agricultural exports or increase United States agricultural exports; or

(B) has provided significant assistance to others in an effort to create new markets for United States agricultural exports or increase United States agricultural exports;

(3) has not received another award in the same category under subsection (f) during the preceding 5-year period; and

(4) meets such other requirements and specifications as the Secretary determines are appropriate to achieve the objectives of this section.

(h) Board

(1) Selection

The Secretary shall appoint a board of evaluators, consisting of at least 5 individuals from the private sector selected for their knowledge and experience in exporting United States agricultural products.

(2) Meetings

The board shall meet at least once annually to review and evaluate all applicants and entities recommended by States under subsection (g)(1).

(3) Recommendations of board

The board shall report its recommendations concerning the making of the award to the Secretary.

(4) Term

Each member of the board may serve a term of not to exceed 3 years.

(i) Funding

The Secretary may seek and accept gifts from public and private sources to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §261, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 972.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, and not as part of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 which comprises this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 4401 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 75: INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS / Section 4401: Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Status: in_force

Congress hereby finds and declares that—

(1) the United States, as a member of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations, participated in development by that Commission of the Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be Used for Such Carriage;

(2) the agreement requires that equipment involved in the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs be inspected, tested, and certified to specified standards;

(3) this chapter will make it possible for equipment in the United States to be inspected, tested, and certified in accordance with the agreement and the standards specified therein; and

(4) this chapter will improve the conditions for the movement of perishable foodstuffs in international carriage in equipment owned or operated by United States firms, which will serve to protect existing trade and promote expansion of trade in perishable foodstuffs, and will improve the sale of United States manufactured equipment for use in international carriage.

(Pub. L. 97–325, §2, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1603.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in pars. (3) and (4), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 97–325, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1603, known as the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 97–325, §1, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1603, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter and section 2212c of this title, amending sections 5315 and 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing section 3 of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2212c of this title] may be cited as the 'International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs Act'."
7 U.S.C. § 7630 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter II: NEW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION INITIATIVES / Section 7630: Grants for youth organizations
Grants for youth organizations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, shall make grants to the Girl Scouts of the United States of America, the Boy Scouts of America, the National 4–H Council, and the National FFA Organization to establish pilot projects to expand the programs carried out by the organizations in rural areas and small towns (including, with respect to the National 4–H Council, activities provided for in Public Law 107–19 (115 Stat. 153)).

(b) Flexibility

The Secretary shall provide maximum flexibility in content delivery to each organization receiving funds under this section so as to ensure that the unique goals of each organization, as well as the local community needs, are fully met.

(c) Redistribution of funding within organizations authorized

Recipients of funds under this section may redistribute all or part of the funds received to individual councils or local chapters within the councils without further need of approval from the Secretary.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—

(1) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2013; and

(2) $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 105–185, title IV, §410, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7412, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 462; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§7309, 7511(c)(32), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1243, 1270; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §§7309, 7511(c)(32), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2004, 2032; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7305, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 888; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7304, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4815.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Pub. L. 107–19, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 107–19, July 10, 2001, 115 Stat. 153, which is not classified to the Code.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted "section—" for "section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012." and added pars. (1) and (2).

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(32), substituted "Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service".

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 110–246, §7309, added subsecs. (b) to (d) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) which related to availability of funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation for fiscal year 2002 and authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2003 through 2007.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(32) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.

Definitions

Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 7401(1) of Pub. L. 107–171, set out as a note under section 3319b of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 450g (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 450g: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 450g was editorially reclassified as section 2204–5 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 8318 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 109: ANIMAL HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 8318: Veterinary training
Veterinary training
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture may develop a program to maintain in all regions of the United States a sufficient number of Federal and State veterinarians and veterinary teams, including those based at colleges of veterinary medicine, who are well trained in recognition and diagnosis of exotic and endemic animal diseases and who are capable of providing effective services before, during, and after emergencies.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10504, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12106, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4943.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of the Animal Health Protection Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 inserted "and veterinary teams, including those based at colleges of veterinary medicine," before "who are well trained" and "and who are capable of providing effective services before, during, and after emergencies" before period at end.
7 U.S.C. § 2283 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55A: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ADVISORY COMMITTEES / Section 2283: Membership on advisory committees
Membership on advisory committees
Status: in_force

(a) Simultaneous service

No person other than an officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture may serve simultaneously on more than one advisory committee, unless authorized by the Secretary.

(b) Service by more than one officer or employee of corporation or non-Federal entity

Not more than one officer or employee of any corporation or other non-Federal entity, including all subsidiaries and affiliates thereof, may serve on the same advisory committee at any one time, unless authorized by the Secretary.

(c) Maximum length

No person other than an officer or employee of the Department of Agriculture may serve for more than six consecutive years on an advisory committee, unless authorized by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVIII, §1803, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1041; Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1116(a), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1270.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1981—Pub. L. 97–98 substituted provision relating to membership on advisory committees for provision relating to establishment of advisory committees.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6703 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 96: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE / Section 6703: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §868, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §868, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIV, §2404, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4060, required Secretary of Agriculture to establish technical advisory committee to provide advice to Secretary concerning major study areas required under this chapter.
7 U.S.C. § 1519 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 36: CROP INSURANCE / Subchapter I: FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE / Section 1519: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §196(j), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 950
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §196(j), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 950
Status: repealed

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, §519, formerly §518, 52 Stat. 77; renumbered §519, June 21, 1941, ch. 214, §9, 55 Stat. 256; amended Oct. 13, 1994, Pub. L. 103–354, title I, §§111, 112, 108 Stat. 3199, 3202, related to noninsured crop disaster assistance program. See section 7333 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1704b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter II: ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE AND FOOD SECURITY / Section 1704b: Repealed. Pub. L. 97-214, §7(4), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 173
Repealed. Pub. L. 97-214, §7(4), July 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 173
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 86–149, title IV, §420, Aug. 10, 1959, 73 Stat. 324, related to utilization of foreign currencies for construction of military projects and reimbursement of Commodity Credit Corporation.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1982, and applicable to military construction projects, and to construction and acquisition of military family housing before, on, or after such date, see section 12(a) of Pub. L. 97–214, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2801 of Title 10, Armed Forces.
7 U.S.C. § 138 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6A: NATIONAL LABORATORY ACCREDITATION / Section 138: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter:

(1) Agricultural product

The term "agricultural product" means any fresh fruit or vegetable or any commodity or product derived from livestock or fowl, that is marketed in the United States for human consumption.

(2) Certificate

The term "certificate" means a certificate of accreditation issued under this chapter.

(3) Laboratory

The term "laboratory" means any facility or vehicle that is owned by an individual or a public or private entity and is equipped and operated for the purpose of carrying out pesticide residue analysis on agricultural products for commercial purposes.

(4) Pesticide

The term "pesticide" means any substance that alone, in chemical combination, or in any formulation with one or more substances, is defined as a pesticide in section 136(u) of this title.

(5) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIII, §1321, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3562.)
7 U.S.C. § 13c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 13c: Responsibility as principal; minor violations
Responsibility as principal; minor violations
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who commits, or who willfully aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces, or procures the commission of, a violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, or any of the rules, regulations, or orders issued pursuant to this chapter, or who acts in combination or concert with any other person in any such violation, or who willfully causes an act to be done or omitted which if directly performed or omitted by him or another would be a violation of the provisions of this chapter or any of such rules, regulations, or orders may be held responsible for such violation as a principal.

(b) Any person who, directly or indirectly, controls any person who has violated any provision of this chapter or any of the rules, regulations, or orders issued pursuant to this chapter may be held liable for such violation in any action brought by the Commission to the same extent as such controlled person. In such action, the Commission has the burden of proving that the controlling person did not act in good faith or knowingly induced, directly or indirectly, the act or acts constituting the violation.

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as requiring the Commission or the Commission 1 to report minor violations of this chapter for prosecution, whenever it appears that the public interest does not require such action.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §13, as added Pub. L. 90–258, §26, Feb. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 34; amended Pub. L. 93–463, title I, §103(a), (b), Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1392; Pub. L. 97–444, title II, §230, Jan. 11, 1983, 96 Stat. 2319; Pub. L. 102–546, title IV, §402(1)(D), (9)(C), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3624, 3625.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–546, §402(9)(C), which directed that "the Secretary of Agriculture or" be struck out, could not be executed because of amendment by Pub. L. 93–463, §103(a). See 1974 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 102–546, §402(1)(D), substituted "Commission" for "commission" before "to report".

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–444, §230(1), struck out "in administrative proceedings under this chapter" after "may be held responsible".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 97–444, §230(2), (3), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

1974—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–463, §103(a), provided for substitution of "Commission" for "Secretary of Agriculture" except where such words would be stricken by section 103(b), which directed striking the words "the Secretary of Agriculture or" where they appeared in the phrase "the Secretary of Agriculture or the Commission". Because the word "commission" was not capitalized in the text of this section, section 103(b) did not apply to this section and therefore section 103(a) was executed, resulting in the substitution of "the Commission or the commission" for "the Secretary of Agriculture or the commission".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–444 effective Jan. 11, 1983, see section 239 of Pub. L. 97–444, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 93–463, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective 120 days after Feb. 19, 1968, see section 28 of Pub. L. 90–258, set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.

1 So in original. The words "or the Commission" probably should not appear.
7 U.S.C. § 303 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter I: COLLEGE-AID LAND APPROPRIATION / Section 303: Management expenses paid by State
Management expenses paid by State
Status: in_force

All the expenses of management, superintendence, and taxes from date of selection of said lands, previous to their sales, and all expenses incurred in the management and disbursement of the moneys which may be received therefrom, shall be paid by the States to which they may belong, out of the treasury of said States, so that the entire proceeds of the sale of said lands shall be applied without any diminution whatever to the purposes in sections 304, 305, 307 and 308 of this title mentioned.

(July 2, 1862, ch. 130, §3, 12 Stat. 504.)
7 U.S.C. § 4403 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 75: INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PERISHABLE FOODSTUFFS / Section 4403: Duties of Secretary of Agriculture
Duties of Secretary of Agriculture
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture of the United States shall be the competent authority to implement the agreement. To ensure compliance with the standards specified in the agreement, the Secretary of Agriculture may—

(1) designate appropriate organizations to inspect or test equipment, or both;

(2) issue certificates of compliance in accordance with annex 1, appendix 1, paragraph 4 of the agreement;

(3) prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to implement the agreement and administer this chapter, including, but not limited to, provision for suspending or denying the designation of any organization to inspect or test equipment and for denying the issuance of certificates of compliance as may be necessary to ensure compliance with the provisions of this chapter and the regulations issued thereunder;

(4) make periodic onsite inspections of facilities and procedures used by those seeking certificates of compliance and by organizations designated to test or inspect equipment under this chapter;

(5) require submission of reports by those seeking certificates of compliance and by organizations designated to test or inspect equipment under this chapter;

(6) require maintenance of records by those seeking certificates of compliance and by organizations designated to test or inspect equipment under this chapter, such records to be made available to the Secretary upon request;

(7) inform contracting parties, through the Secretary of State of the United States, of all general measures taken in connection with the implementation of the agreement; and

(8) take such other action as may be considered appropriate to implement the agreement and administer this chapter.

(Pub. L. 97–325, §4, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1604.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in pars. (3) to (6) and (8), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 97–325, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1603, known as the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4401 of this title and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 1421d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1421d: Commodity reports
Commodity reports
Status: in_force

(a) Crop reports

The Secretary of Agriculture (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Secretary") shall gather data from producers to be used to develop crop reports to be distributed by the Secretary during the growing season. The report shall contain statements of the conditions of those crops by State, with such explanations, comparisons, and information as may be useful for illustrating such reports.

(b) Special reports

(1) In general

In addition to the reports compiled pursuant to subsection (a), the Secretary shall annually survey producers for information for reports regarding supply, acreage, production, disposition, and prices for the following commodities as determined by the Secretary:

(A) 25 fresh market vegetables;

(B) 3 processing vegetables;

(C) 6 fruits and nuts;

(D) 17 forage and turf seeds;

(E) 50 vegetable seeds; and

(F) maple syrup.

(2) Administrative

The Secretary shall annually prepare a report containing results of the surveys described in paragraph (1) in such States as determined by the Secretary. Such reports shall be submitted to and officially approved by the Secretary of Agriculture before being issued or published.

(c) Tree inventories

The Secretary shall survey producers for information for reports regarding fruit and nut tree inventories. Such surveys and reports shall be conducted, printed, and distributed on a regular basis every 3 to 5 years as determined by the Secretary. Reports shall be submitted to and officially approved by the Secretary before being issued or published.

(d) Omitted

(e) Authorization

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXV, §2514, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4074.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, and not as part of the Agricultural Act of 1949 which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of the 1949 Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Section is comprised of section 2514 of Pub. L. 101–624. Subsec. (d) of section 2514 of Pub. L. 101–624 repealed section 411a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 366 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 366: Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Repealed. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674
Status: repealed

Section, acts Mar. 16, 1906, ch. 951, §3, 34 Stat. 63; Feb. 24, 1925, ch. 308, §3, 43 Stat. 971, provided for annual reports by agricultural experiment stations to governors.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Existing Rights and Liabilities

Any rights or liabilities existing under this section as unaffected by repeal, see section 2 of act Aug. 11, 1955, set out as a note under section 361 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1593 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 37: SEEDS / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1593: Standards, tests, tolerances
Standards, tests, tolerances
Status: in_force

(a) The samplings, analyses, tests, or examinations of seeds made in connection with the administration of this chapter shall be made by methods set forth by rules and regulations prescribed under section 1592 of this title.

(b) The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to make and promulgate by rules and regulations, reasonable tolerances as to the percentages and rates of occurrence required to be stated or required by this chapter.

(c) For the purpose of section 1571(b) of this title, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to investigate, determine, establish, and promulgate from time to time such reasonable standards of germination for each kind of vegetable seed as will in his judgment best protect crop production.

(Aug. 9, 1939, ch. 615, title IV, §403, 53 Stat. 1285.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

See section 1610 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2236 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2236: Working capital fund for Agricultural Research Center; establishment
Working capital fund for Agricultural Research Center; establishment
Status: in_force

There is established a working capital fund of $300,000, to be available without fiscal year limitation, for expenses necessary for furnishing facilities and services by the Agricultural Research Center to Government agencies. Said fund shall be reimbursed from applicable appropriations or other funds to cover the charges for such facilities and services, including handling and related charges, for equipment rentals (including depreciation, maintenance, and repairs), for supplies, equipment and materials, stores of which may be maintained at the Center, and for building construction, alterations, and repairs, and applicable appropriations or other funds may also be charged their proportionate share of the necessary general expenses of the Center not covered by the annual appropriation.

(Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, Ch. VI, title I, §101, 64 Stat. 658.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 542–2 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
7 U.S.C. § 121 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6: INSECTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Subchapter I: INSECTICIDES / Section 121: Repealed. June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §16, 61 Stat. 172
Repealed. June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §16, 61 Stat. 172
Status: repealed

Sections, act Apr. 26, 1910, ch. 191, 36 Stat. 335, formerly known as "The Insecticides Act", are covered by subchapter II of this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal; Savings Provision

Act June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §16, 61 Stat. 172, repealed this subchapter effective one year after June 25, 1947, and further provided that this subchapter should be deemed to remain in full force for the purpose of sustaining any proper suit, action, or other proceeding with respect to any violations, liabilities incurred, or appeals taken prior to such date of repeal or to sales, shipments, or deliveries of insecticides and fungicides exempted by the Secretary.
7 U.S.C. § 2355 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter I: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION OFFICE / Section 2355: Effect of defective execution
Effect of defective execution
Status: in_force

Any document to be filed in the Plant Variety Protection Office and which is required by any law or regulation to be executed in a specified manner may be provisionally accepted by the Secretary despite a defective execution, provided a properly executed document is submitted within such time as may be prescribed.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title I, §25, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1545.)
7 U.S.C. § 2270c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2270c: Submission of results
Submission of results
Status: in_force

As soon as possible after completing an investigation under section 2270b of this title, the Inspector General of the Department of Agriculture shall submit to Congress and the Secretary of Agriculture a report containing the results of the investigation.

(Pub. L. 107–203, §2, July 24, 2002, 116 Stat. 744.)
7 U.S.C. § 2009j (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter V: RURAL COMMUNITY ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM / Section 2009j: Annual report
Annual report
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary, in collaboration with State, local, public, and private entities, State rural development councils, and community-based organizations, shall prepare an annual report that contains evaluations, assessments, and performance outcomes concerning the rural community advancement programs carried out under this subchapter.

(b) Submission

Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary shall—

(1) submit the report required by subsection (a) to Congress and the chief executives of the States participating in the program established under this subchapter; and

(2) make the report available to State and local participants.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §381K, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §761, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1146.)
7 U.S.C. § 5001 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 81: NATIONAL COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY / Section 5001: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 5001 to 5007 were omitted pursuant to section 5007 which provided that this chapter and the National Commission on Agriculture and Rural Development Policy established by this chapter terminated 5 years after Dec. 23, 1985.

Section 5001, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1722, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 100–71, title V, §519(a)(2), July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 475, defined "Commission", "Governor", and "State".

Section 5002, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1723, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 100–71, title V, §519(a)(2), July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 475, provided for establishment of the Commission, appointment of its members by President, election of Chairman, and meetings of the Commission.

Section 5003, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1724, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1638, related to studies to be conducted by the Commission.

Section 5004, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1725, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1639, provided for annual reports to President and Congress.

Section 5005, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1726, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1639, provided for administrative operations of the Commission, member compensation, appointment and compensation of director and staff, and maintenance of records.

Section 5006, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1727, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1640, authorized appropriations to carry out chapter.

Section 5007, Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1728, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1640, provided that this chapter and the Commission terminate five years after Dec. 23, 1985.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Section 1721 of subtitle C (§§1721–1728) of title XVII of Pub. L. 99–198, as amended by Pub. L. 100–71, title V, §519(a)(1), July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 475, provided that this subtitle, which enacted this chapter, could be cited as the "National Commission on Agriculture and Rural Development Policy Act of 1985".
7 U.S.C. § 136s (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 6: INSECTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Subchapter II: ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE CONTROL / Section 136s: Solicitation of comments; notice of public hearings
Solicitation of comments; notice of public hearings
Status: in_force

(a) Secretary of Agriculture

The Administrator, before publishing regulations under this subchapter, shall solicit the views of the Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with the procedure described in section 136w(a) of this title.

(b) Secretary of Health and Human Services

The Administrator, before publishing regulations under this subchapter for any public health pesticide, shall solicit the views of the Secretary of Health and Human Services in the same manner as the views of the Secretary of Agriculture are solicited under section 136w(a)(2) of this title.

(c) Views

In addition to any other authority relating to public hearings and solicitation of views, in connection with the suspension or cancellation of a pesticide registration or any other actions authorized under this subchapter, the Administrator may, at the Administrator's discretion, solicit the views of all interested persons, either orally or in writing, and seek such advice from scientists, farmers, farm organizations, and other qualified persons as the Administrator deems proper.

(d) Notice

In connection with all public hearings under this subchapter the Administrator shall publish timely notice of such hearings in the Federal Register.

(June 25, 1947, ch. 125, §21, as added Pub. L. 92–516, §2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 996; amended Pub. L. 94–140, §2(b), Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 100–532, title VIII, §801(l), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2682; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1006(b)(1), (2), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1895; Pub. L. 104–170, title II, §234, Aug. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 1509.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 104–170 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively.

1991—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "the Administrator" for "he" before "deems" and "the Administrator's" for "his".

1988—Pub. L. 100–532, §801(l), inserted headings for subsecs. (a) to (c).

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–140 inserted "in accordance with the procedure described in section 136w(a) of this title" after "Secretary of Agriculture".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–532 effective on expiration of 60 days after Oct. 25, 1988, see section 901 of Pub. L. 100–532, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 4 of Pub. L. 92–516, set out as a note under section 136 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 331 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter III: RETIREMENT OF EMPLOYEES / Section 331: Retirement of land-grant college employees
Retirement of land-grant college employees
Status: in_force

Pursuant to the recognized obligations of governments to guarantee the social security of their employees and in order to provide for the retirement on an annuity, or otherwise, of all persons being paid salaries in whole or in part from grants of Federal funds to the several States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam pursuant to the terms of the Act approved July 2, 1862, for the endowment and support of colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts [7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], and Acts supplementary thereto providing for instruction in agriculture and mechanic arts, for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations, and for cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics, all States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam are after March 4, 1940, authorized, notwithstanding any contrary provisions in said Acts, to withhold from expenditure, from Federal funds advanced under the terms of said Acts, amounts designated as employer contributions to be made by the States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam to retirement systems established in accordance with the laws of such States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam, or established by the governing boards of colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts in accordance with the authority vested in them, and to deposit such amounts to the credit of such retirement systems for subsequent disbursement in accordance with the terms of the retirement systems in effect in the respective States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam: Provided, That there shall not be deducted from Federal funds and deposited to the credit of retirement accounts as employer contributions, amounts in excess of 5 per centum of that portion of the salaries of employees paid from such Federal funds: Provided further, That, for the purpose of making deposits and contributions in retirement systems in favor of any employee, in no event shall the deductions from any Federal fund advanced pursuant to the foregoing Acts be in greater proportion to the total deductions for such employee than the salary received under such Federal funds bears to the total salary from Federal sources: Provided further, That the deposits and contributions from funds of Federal origin to any retirement system established by a State, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam or a land-grant college must be at least equaled by the total contributions thereto on the part of the individuals concerned, the State, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam, and the counties: And provided further, That no deductions for the foregoing purposes shall be made from Federal funds in support of employees appointed pursuant to the terms of the foregoing Acts, whose salaries are paid wholly by the States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam: Provided further, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to any employee paid in whole or in part from Federal funds who may be subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5.

(Mar. 4, 1940, ch. 38, 54 Stat. 39; Pub. L. 92–318, title V, §506(e), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 351.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Act approved July 2, 1862, referred to in text, is act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503, as amended, known as the "Morrill Act" and also known as the "First Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of this chapter. "Acts supplementary thereto" include act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, 26 Stat. 417, popularly known as the Agricultural College Act of 1890, and also known as the Second Morrill Act, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of this chapter. For complete classification of these Acts to the Code, see Short Title notes set out under sections 301 and 321 of this title and Tables.

Codification

"Subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5" substituted in text for "United States Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended" on authority of Pub. L. 89–544, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, 632, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments

1972—Pub. L. 92–318 substituted ", Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam" and ", Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam" for "and Territories" and "or Territories", respectively, wherever appearing and inserted in third proviso reference to Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Guam.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–318 effective after June 30, 1970, see section 506(n) of Pub. L. 92–318, set out as an Effective Date note under section 326a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2304 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 56: UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES AFFECTING PRODUCERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Section 2304: Disclaimer of intention to prohibit normal dealing
Disclaimer of intention to prohibit normal dealing
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall prevent handlers and producers from selecting their customers and suppliers for any reason other than a producer's membership in or contract with an association of producers, nor require a handler to deal with an association of producers.

(Pub. L. 90–288, §5, Apr. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 95.)
7 U.S.C. § 4535 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 76: DAIRY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Subchapter II: DAIRY RESEARCH PROGRAM / Section 4535: Petition and review; enforcement; investigations
Petition and review; enforcement; investigations
Status: in_force

The provisions of sections 4509, 4510, and 4511 of this title shall apply, except when inconsistent with this subchapter, to the Institute, the board, the persons subject to the order issued under section 4533(b) of this title, the jurisdiction of district courts of the United States, and the authority of the Secretary under this subchapter in the same manner as such sections apply with respect to subchapter I.

(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §134, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §121, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1371.)
7 U.S.C. § 1030 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 33: FARM TENANCY / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1030: Consolidation of agricultural credit and service offices
Consolidation of agricultural credit and service offices
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture and the Governor of the Farm Credit Administration are directed, wherever practicable, to make suitable arrangements whereby all field offices under their supervision or direction extending agricultural credit or furnishing agricultural services to farmers to utilize the same or adjacent offices to the end that eligible farmers in each locality will be enabled to obtain their agricultural credit and services at one central point.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, §7, 60 Stat. 1079.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Farmers' Home Administration Act of 1946, and not as part of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act which constitutes a major part of this chapter.

Executive Documents

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of the Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer, or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of the said Administration were excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6507 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6507: State organic certification program
State organic certification program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The governing State official may prepare and submit a plan for the establishment of a State organic certification program to the Secretary for approval. A State organic certification program must meet the requirements of this chapter to be approved by the Secretary.

(b) Additional requirements

(1) Authority

A State organic certification program established under subsection (a) may contain more restrictive requirements governing the organic certification of farms and handling operations and the production and handling of agricultural products that are to be sold or labeled as organically produced under this chapter than are contained in the program established by the Secretary.

(2) Content

Any additional requirements established under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) further the purposes of this chapter;

(B) not be inconsistent with this chapter;

(C) not be discriminatory towards agricultural commodities organically produced in other States in accordance with this chapter; and

(D) not become effective until approved by the Secretary.

(c) Review and other determinations

(1) Subsequent review

The Secretary shall review State organic certification programs not less than once during each 5-year period following the date of the approval of such programs.

(2) Changes in program

The governing State official, prior to implementing any substantive change to programs approved under this subsection, shall submit such change to the Secretary for approval.

(3) Time for determination

The Secretary shall make a determination concerning any plan, proposed change to a program, or a review of a program not later than 6 months after receipt of such plan, such proposed change, or the initiation of such review.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2108, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3939.)
7 U.S.C. § 7983 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: DAIRY / Section 7983: Study of national dairy policy
Study of national dairy policy
Status: in_force

(a) Study required

The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a comprehensive economic evaluation of the potential direct and indirect effects of the various elements of the national dairy policy, including an examination of the effect of the national dairy policy on—

(1) farm price stability, farm profitability and viability, and local rural economies in the United States;

(2) child, senior, and low-income nutrition programs, including impacts on schools and institutions participating in the programs, on program recipients, and other factors; and

(3) the wholesale and retail cost of fluid milk, dairy farms, and milk utilization.

(b) Report

Not later than 1 year after May 13, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report describing the results of the study required by this section.

(c) National dairy policy defined

In this section, the term "national dairy policy" means the dairy policy of the United States as evidenced by the following policies and programs:

(1) Federal milk marketing orders issued under section 608c of this title.

(2) Interstate dairy compacts (including proposed compacts described in H.R. 1827 and S. 1157, as introduced in the 107th Congress).

(3) Over-order premiums and State pricing programs.

(4) Direct payments to milk producers.

(5) Federal milk price support program established under section 7981 of this title.1

(6) Export programs regarding milk and dairy products, such as the dairy export incentive program established under section 713a–14 of title 15.1

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1507, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 210.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

H.R. 1827, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), which would have granted consent to the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact, the Southern Dairy Compact, the Pacific Northwest Dairy Compact, and the Intermountain Dairy Compact, was not enacted into law during the 107th Congress.

S. 1157, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), which would have granted consent to the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact, the Southern Dairy Compact, the Pacific Northwest Dairy Compact, and the Intermountain Dairy Compact, was not enacted into law during the 107th Congress.

Section 7981 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c)(5), was in the original "section 1401", and was translated as reading "section 1501", meaning section 1501 of Pub. L. 107–171 to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because section 1501 of Pub. L. 107–171 relates to Federal milk price support program. Section 1401 of Pub. L. 107–171 amended sections 7272 and 7283 of this title.

Section 713a–14 of title 15, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), was repealed by Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1423(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 695.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 9205 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 116: NATIONAL BIO AND AGRO-DEFENSE FACILITY / Section 9205: Budget and report
Budget and report
Status: in_force

(a) Budget

Concurrently with each budget submission to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, as required by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9, shall jointly submit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget an integrated budget plan for the defense and protection of the food supply of the United States, including the operation and use of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility.

(b) Report

Not later than 60 days after the date on which the budget of the United States Government is submitted by the President under section 1105 of title 31 for each fiscal year, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies shall jointly submit to Congress a report describing an integrated budget plan described in subsection (a), which shall be consistent with the budget submission of the President under that section for the defense and protection of the food supply of the United States, including the operation and use of the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility.

(Pub. L. 116–260, div. P, §6, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2161.)
7 U.S.C. § 5937 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5937: Natural products research program
Natural products research program
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish within the Department a natural products research program.

(b) Duties

In carrying out the program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate research relating to natural products, including—

(1) research to improve human health and agricultural productivity through the discovery, development, and commercialization of products and agrichemicals from bioactive natural products, including products from plant, marine, and microbial sources;

(2) research to characterize the botanical sources, production, chemistry, and biological properties of plant-derived natural products; and

(3) other research priorities identified by the Secretary.

(c) Peer and merit review

The Secretary shall—

(1) determine the relevance and merit of research under this section through a system of peer review established by the Secretary pursuant to section 7613 of this title; and

(2) approve funding for research on the basis of merit, quality, and relevance to advancing the purposes of this section.

(d) Buildings and facilities

Funds made available under this section shall not be used for the construction of a new building or facility or the acquisition, expansion, remodeling, or alteration of an existing building or facility (including site grading and improvement and architect fees).

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $7,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7525, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7525, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2035; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7515, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7413, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4819.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79 amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Definition of "Secretary"

"Secretary" as meaning the Secretary of Agriculture, see section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 59 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 2: COTTON STANDARDS / Section 59: Offenses in relation to cotton standards
Offenses in relation to cotton standards
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any person (a) with intent to deceive or defraud, to make, receive, use, or have in his possession any simulate or counterfeit practical form or copy of any standard or part thereof established under this chapter; or (b) without the written authority of the Secretary of Agriculture, to make, alter, tamper with, or in any respect change any practical form or copy of any standard established under this chapter; or (c) to display or use any such practical form or copy after the Secretary of Agriculture shall have caused it to be condemned.

(Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 288, §8, 42 Stat. 1519.)
7 U.S.C. § 3408 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 65: WHEAT AND WHEAT FOODS RESEARCH AND NUTRITION EDUCATION / Section 3408: Refund of processed wheat assessment
Refund of processed wheat assessment
Status: in_force

(a) Election of end product manufacturers to seek refunds

Subsequent to the approval by the Secretary of the annual budget of the Council or amendments thereto, a summary of such budget or amendments thereto, including a brief general description of the proposed research and nutrition education programs contemplated therein, shall be published in the Federal Register. All end product manufacturers not exempt hereunder shall have sixty days from the date of such publication within which to elect, under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, by so indicating to the Council in writing, by registered or certified mail, to reserve the right to seek refunds under subsection (b) of this section. Only those end product manufacturers who make such an election, under the described procedure, shall be eligible for refunds of assessments paid during the one-year period immediately following the expiration of such sixty-day period.

(b) Refund demand; rules and regulations

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, any end product manufacturer who has been subject to and has paid an assessment, but who has reserved the right, under subsection (a) of this section, to seek a refund, and who is not in favor of supporting the programs as provided for herein, shall have the right to demand and receive from the Council a refund of such assessment: Provided, That such demand shall be made by such end product manufacturer in accordance with regulations, and on a form and within a time period, prescribed by the Council and approved by the Secretary and upon submission of proof satisfactory to the Council that the end product manufacturer paid the assessment for which refund is sought, and any such refund shall be made within sixty days after demand is received therefor.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVII, §1709, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1037.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7311 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter VII: COMMISSION ON 21st CENTURY PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE / Section 7311: Establishment
Establishment
Status: in_force

There is established a commission to be known as the "Commission on 21st Century Production Agriculture" (in this subchapter referred to as the "Commission").

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §181, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938.)
7 U.S.C. § 581 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 25: EXPORT STANDARDS FOR APPLES / Section 581: Standards of export; establishment; shipping without certificate forbidden; hearings
Standards of export; establishment; shipping without certificate forbidden; hearings
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any person to ship or offer for shipment or for any carrier, or any steamship company, or any person to transport or receive for transportation to any foreign destination, except as provided in this chapter, any apples in packages which are not accompanied by a certificate issued under authority of the Secretary of Agriculture showing that such apples are of a Federal or State grade which meets the minimum of quality established by the Secretary for shipment in export. The Secretary is authorized to prescribe, by regulations, the requirements, other than those of grade, which the fruit must meet before certificates are issued. The Secretary shall provide opportunity, by public hearing or otherwise, for interested persons to examine and make recommendation with respect to any standard of export proposed to be established or designated, or regulation prescribed, by the Secretary for the purposes of this chapter.

(June 10, 1933, ch. 59, §1, 48 Stat. 123; Pub. L. 106–96, §1(c), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1321.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Pub. L. 106–96 struck out "and/or pears" after "any apples" and "or pears" after "such apples".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Act June 10, 1933, ch. 59, §11, as added by Pub. L. 106–96, §1(a), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1321, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Export Apple Act'.".
7 U.S.C. § 511j (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21A: TOBACCO INSPECTION / Section 511j: Publication of violations
Publication of violations
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized to publish the facts regarding any violation of this chapter.

(Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 623, §11, 49 Stat. 734.)
7 U.S.C. § 7916 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 106: COMMODITY PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: DIRECT PAYMENTS AND COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS / Section 7916: Planting flexibility
Planting flexibility
Status: in_force

(a) Permitted crops

Subject to subsection (b), any commodity or crop may be planted on base acres on a farm.

(b) Limitations regarding certain commodities

(1) General limitation

The planting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) shall be prohibited on base acres unless the commodity, if planted, is destroyed before harvest.

(2) Treatment of trees and other perennials

The planting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) that is produced on a tree or other perennial plant shall be prohibited on base acres.

(3) Covered agricultural commodities

Paragraphs (1) and (2) apply to the following agricultural commodities:

(A) Fruits.

(B) Vegetables (other than lentils, mung beans, and dry peas).

(C) Wild rice.

(c) Exceptions

Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) shall not limit the planting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) of that subsection—

(1) in any region in which there is a history of double-cropping of covered commodities with agricultural commodities specified in subsection (b)(3), as determined by the Secretary, in which case the double-cropping shall be permitted;

(2) on a farm that the Secretary determines has a history of planting agricultural commodities specified in subsection (b)(3) on base acres, except that direct payments and counter-cyclical payments shall be reduced by an acre for each acre planted to such an agricultural commodity; or

(3) by the producers on a farm that the Secretary determines has an established planting history of a specific agricultural commodity specified in subsection (b)(3), except that—

(A) the quantity planted may not exceed the average annual planting history of such agricultural commodity by the producers on the farm in the 1991 through 1995 or 1998 through 2001 crop years (excluding any crop year in which no plantings were made), as determined by the Secretary; and

(B) direct payments and counter-cyclical payments shall be reduced by an acre for each acre planted to such agricultural commodity.

(d) Special rule for 2002 crop year

For the 2002 crop year only, if the calculation of base acres under section 7911(a) of this title results in total base acres for a farm in excess of the contract acreage (as defined in section 7202 of this title) for the farm used to calculate the fiscal year 2002 payment authorized under section 7214 of this title, paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) shall not limit the harvesting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) of that subsection on the excess base acres, except that direct payments and counter-cyclical payments for the 2002 crop year shall be reduced by an acre for each acre of the excess base acres planted to such an agricultural commodity.

(Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1106, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 153.)
7 U.S.C. § 475 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 19: COTTON STATISTICS AND ESTIMATES / Section 475: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §870, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VIII, §870, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1175
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 3, 1924, ch. 149, §1, 43 Stat. 115; Mar. 3, 1927, ch. 337, §5, 44 Stat. 1373; Aug. 8, 1946, ch. 909, 60 Stat. 940; May 29, 1958, Pub. L. 85–430, §2, 72 Stat. 149; June 30, 1972, Pub. L. 92–331, §1, 86 Stat. 400, directed Secretary of Agriculture to issue cotton crop reports at certain times during growing and harvesting season.
7 U.S.C. § 451 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 18: COOPERATIVE MARKETING / Section 451: "Agricultural products" defined
"Agricultural products" defined
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter the term "agricultural products" means agricultural, horticultural, viticultural, and dairy products, livestock and the products thereof, the products of poultry and bee raising, the edible products of forestry, and any and all products raised or produced on farms and processed or manufactured products thereof, transported or intended to be transported in interstate and/or foreign commerce.

(July 2, 1926, ch. 725, §1, 44 Stat. 802.)
7 U.S.C. § 3504 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 66: AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLOSURE / Section 3504: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-362, title I, §101(f), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3281
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-362, title I, §101(f), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3281
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–460, §5, Oct. 14, 1978, 92 Stat. 1265; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1012(g), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 712, provided for reports to Congress and the President.
7 U.S.C. § 2204e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2204e: Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis
Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis
Status: in_force

(a) Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis

The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish in the Department of Agriculture an Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis, which shall be under the direction of a Director appointed by the Secretary.

(b) Functions

The Director shall ensure that any regulatory analysis that is conducted under this section includes a risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis that is performed consistently and uses reasonably obtainable and sound scientific, technical, economic, and other data.

(1) In general

Effective six months after October 13, 1994, the Secretary of Agriculture shall publish in the Federal Register, for each proposed major regulation the primary purpose of which is to regulate issues of human health, human safety, or the environment that is promulgated by the Department after October 13, 1994, an analysis with as much specificity as practicable, of—

(A) the risk, including the effect of the risk, to human health, human safety, or the environment, and any combination thereof, addressed by the regulation, including, where applicable and practicable, the health and safety risks to persons who are disproportionately exposed or particularly sensitive;

(B) the costs associated with the implementation of, and compliance with, the regulation;

(C) where appropriate and meaningful, a comparison of that risk relative to other similar risks regulated by the Department or other Federal Agency, resulting from comparable activities and exposure pathways (such comparisons should consider relevant distinctions among risks, such as the voluntary or involuntary nature of risks and the preventability or nonpreventability of risks); and

(D) the quantitative and qualitative benefits of the regulation, including the reduction or prevention of risk expected from the regulation.

Where such a regulatory analysis is not practicable because of compelling circumstances, the Director shall provide an explanation in lieu of conducting an analysis under this section.

(2) Evaluation

The regulatory analysis referred to in paragraph (1) should also contain a statement that the Secretary of Agriculture evaluated—

(A) whether the regulation will advance the purpose of protecting against the risk referred to in paragraph (1)(A); and

(B) whether the regulation will produce benefits and reduce risks to human health, human safety, or the environment, and any combination thereof, in a cost-effective manner as a result of the implementation of and compliance with the regulation, by local, State, and Federal Government and other public and private entities, as estimated in paragraph (1)(B).

(3) Construction

This section shall not be construed to amend, modify, or alter any statute and shall not be subject to judicial review. This section shall not be construed to grant a cause of action to any person. The Secretary of Agriculture shall perform the analyses required in this section in such a manner that does not delay the promulgation or implementation of regulations mandated by statute or judicial order.

(c) "Major regulation" defined

As used in this section, the term "major regulation" means any regulation that the Secretary of Agriculture estimates is likely to have an annual impact on the economy of the United States of $100,000,000 in 1994 dollars.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title III, §304, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3239.)
7 U.S.C. § 16a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 16a: Service fees and National Futures Association study
Service fees and National Futures Association study
Status: in_force

(a) Development and implementation of plan for user fees; report to and approval by Congressional committees

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission may develop and implement a plan to charge and collect reasonable fees to cover the estimated cost of regulating transactions under the jurisdiction of the Commission. However, prior to implementing such a plan, the Commission shall report its intention to do so to the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. The Commission shall include in its report the feasibility and desirability of collecting such fees. Any plan developed under this section shall not be implemented until approved by the House Committee on Agriculture and the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Fees collected under any plan approved under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts.

(b) National Futures Association regulatory experience; report; contents

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission shall submit to Congress a report containing the results of a study of the regulatory experience of the National Futures Association for the period beginning January 1, 1983 and ending September 30, 1985. The report shall be submitted not later than January 1, 1986. The report shall include (but not to be limited to) the following—

(1) the extent to which the National Futures Association has fully implemented the program provided in the rules approved by the Commission under section 17(p) and (q) of the Commodity Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 21(p), (q)] and the effectiveness of the operation of such program;

(2) the actual and projected cost savings to the Federal Government, if any, resulting from operations of the National Futures Association;

(3) the actual and projected costs which the Commission and the public would have incurred if the Association had not undertaken self-regulatory responsibility for certain areas under the Commission's jurisdiction;

(4) problem areas, if any, encountered by the Association;

(5) the nature of the working relationship between the Association and the Commission;

(6) an assessment of the actual and projected efficiencies the Commission has achieved or expects to be achieved as a result of the continuing regulatory activities of the Association; and

(7) the immediate and projected capabilities of the Commission at the time of submission of the study to turn its attention to more immediate problems of regulation, as a result of the activities of the Association.

(c) Schedule of fees for services, activities and functions; notice and hearing; actual cost standard

Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of the Commission to promulgate, after notice and opportunity for hearing, a schedule of appropriate fees to be charged for services rendered and activities and functions performed by the Commission in conjunction with its administration and enforcement of the Commodity Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.]: Provided, That the fees for any specified service or activity or function shall not exceed the actual cost thereof to the Commission.

(Pub. L. 95–405, §26, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 97–444, title II, §237, Jan. 11, 1983, 96 Stat. 2325.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Commodity Exchange Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, which is classified generally to chapter 1 (§1 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Futures Trading Act of 1978, and not as part of the Commodity Exchange Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

1983—Pub. L. 97–444 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–444 effective Jan. 11, 1983, see section 239 of Pub. L. 97–444, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 28 of Pub. L. 95–405, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.

Study of Assessments on Transactions

Pub. L. 102–546, title II, §218, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3612, required the Comptroller General to conduct a study to determine whether it was feasible to fund some or all of the enforcement and market surveillance activities of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission through the imposition of an assessment on commodity futures and options transactions executed pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act, and report, by one year after Oct. 28, 1992, to Congress the Commission determinations together with any appropriate recommendations for the implementation of such a program of assessment-based funding.
7 U.S.C. § 1334b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1334b: Designation of States outside commercial wheat-producing areas
Designation of States outside commercial wheat-producing areas
Status: in_force

If the acreage allotment for any State for any crop of wheat is twenty-five thousand acres or less, the Secretary, in order to promote efficient administration of this chapter and the Agricultural Act of 1949 [7 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.], may designate such State as outside the commercial wheat-producing area for the marketing year for such crop. If such State is so designated, acreage allotments for such crop and marketing quotas for the marketing year therefor shall not be applicable to any farm in such State. Acreage allotments in any State shall not be increased by reason of such designation.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §334a, as added Pub. L. 87–703, title III, §314, Sept. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 620.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Act of 1949, referred to in text, is act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, 63 Stat. 1051, which is classified principally to chapter 35A (§1421 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1421 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective only with respect to programs applicable to crops planted for harvest in calendar year 1964 or any subsequent year and marketing years beginning in calendar year 1964, or any subsequent year, see section 323 of Pub. L. 87–703, set out as an Effective Date of 1962 Amendment note under section 1301 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(a)(1) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2001 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(a)(1)(A) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1991 through 1995 crops of wheat, see section 303 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1331 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1981b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1981b: Farm loan interest rates
Farm loan interest rates
Status: in_force

Any loan for farm ownership purposes under subchapter I of this chapter, farm operating purposes under subchapter II of this chapter, or disaster emergency purposes under subchapter III of this chapter, other than a guaranteed loan, that is deferred, consolidated, rescheduled, or reamortized under this chapter shall, notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, bear interest on the balance of the original loan and for the term of the original loan at a rate that is the lowest of—

(1) the rate of interest on the original loan;

(2) the rate being charged by the Secretary for loans, other than guaranteed loans, of the same type at the time at which the borrower applies for a deferral, consolidation, rescheduling, or reamortization; or

(3) the rate being charged by the Secretary for loans, other than guaranteed loans, of the same type at the time of the deferral, consolidation, rescheduling, or reamortization.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §331B, as added Pub. L. 98–258, title VI, §605, Apr. 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 139; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title V, §5305, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 345.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–171 substituted "lowest of—" for "lower of", realigned margins for pars., substituted "original loan;" for "original loan or (2) the", added par. (2), and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Adjustment of Interest Rates

Pub. L. 100–71, title I, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 428, provided that: "The Secretary may adjust interest rates on existing nonsubsidized loans if he determines such interest rates are excessive in relation to prevailing commercial rates for comparable loans: Provided, That such rate adjustments shall constitute a change in the loan agreement and not a new loan."
7 U.S.C. § 6004 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 89: PECAN PROMOTION AND RESEARCH / Section 6004: Regulations
Regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary may issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1909, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3841.)
7 U.S.C. § 1639r (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter VII: HEMP PRODUCTION / Section 1639r: Regulations and guidelines; effect on other law
Regulations and guidelines; effect on other law
Status: in_force

(a) Promulgation of regulations and guidelines; report

(1) Regulations and guidelines

(A) In general

The Secretary shall promulgate regulations and guidelines to implement this subchapter as expeditiously as practicable.

(B) Consultation with Attorney General

The Secretary shall consult with the Attorney General on the promulgation of regulations and guidelines under subparagraph (A).

(2) Report

The Secretary shall annually submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report containing updates on the implementation of this subchapter.

(b) Authority

Subject to subsection (c)(3)(B), the Secretary shall have sole authority to promulgate Federal regulations and guidelines that relate to the production of hemp, including Federal regulations and guidelines that relate to the implementation of sections 1639p and 1639q of this title.

(c) Effect on other law

Nothing in this subchapter shall affect or modify—

(1) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.);

(2) section 262 of title 42; or

(3) the authority of the Commissioner of Food and Drugs and the Secretary of Health and Human Services—

(A) under—

(i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.); or

(ii) section 262 of title 42; or

(B) to promulgate Federal regulations and guidelines that relate to the production of hemp under the Act described in subparagraph (A)(i) or the section described in subparagraph (A)(ii).

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §297D, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10113, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4913.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), (3)(A)(i), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of Title 21 and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 1381 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1381: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 1381, acts Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §381, 52 Stat. 66; Apr. 7, 1938, ch. 107, §12, 52 Stat. 204, related to cotton price adjustment payments with respect to 1937 cotton crop, and to transfer of pledged cotton of 1937 crop to Commodity Credit Corporation. Subsec. (c) of section 1381, which authorized sale of pledged cotton by Commodity Credit Corporation, was repealed by act July 3, 1948, ch. 827, title II, §202(b), 62 Stat. 1255.

Section 1381a, act June 16, 1938, ch. 464, title I, 52 Stat. 745, which was not a part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, related only to payments for 1937 crops.

Section 1382, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §382, 52 Stat. 67, required the Commodity Credit Corporation to provide for the extension, from July 31, 1938, to July 31, 1939, of 1937 cotton loan.
7 U.S.C. § 9033 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter II: MARKETING LOANS / Section 9033: Term of loans
Term of loans
Status: in_force

(a) Term of loan

In the case of each loan commodity, a marketing assistance loan under section 9031 of this title shall have a term of 9 months beginning on the first day of the first month after the month in which the loan is made.

(b) Extensions prohibited

The Secretary may not extend the term of a marketing assistance loan for any loan commodity.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1203, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 676.)
7 U.S.C. § 674 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26A: AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AGREEMENTS / Section 674: Short title
Short title
Status: in_force

This Act may be cited as the "Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937".

(June 3, 1937, ch. 296, §6, 50 Stat. 249.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is act June 3, 1937, ch. 296, 50 Stat. 246, which among other things enacted this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 2142 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 54: TRANSPORTATION, SALE, AND HANDLING OF CERTAIN ANIMALS / Section 2142: Humane standards and recordkeeping requirements at auction sales
Humane standards and recordkeeping requirements at auction sales
Status: in_force

The Secretary is authorized to promulgate humane standards and recordkeeping requirements governing the purchase, handling, or sale of animals, in commerce, by dealers, research facilities, and exhibitors at auction sales and by the operators of such auction sales. The Secretary is also authorized to require the licensing of operators of auction sales where any dogs or cats are sold, in commerce, under such conditions as he may prescribe, and upon payment of such fee as prescribed by the Secretary under section 2153 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–544, §12, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 91–579, §13, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1562; Pub. L. 94–279, §5, Apr. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 418.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–279 substituted "in commerce" for "affecting commerce" in two places.

1970—Pub. L. 91–579 extended requirements for recordkeeping and humane standards to exhibitors and operators of auction sales, with such requirements to apply to animals as defined instead of only to cats and dogs when transactions in auction sales are affecting commerce, and required operators of auction sales to obtain a license when he sells cats or dogs and such transactions are affecting commerce, upon payment of fee prescribed by the Secretary.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–579 effective one year after Dec. 24, 1970, see section 23 of Pub. L. 91–579, set out as a note under section 2131 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 22 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 22: Research and information programs; reports to Congress
Research and information programs; reports to Congress
Status: in_force

(a) The Commission shall establish and maintain, as part of its ongoing operations, research and information programs to (1) determine the feasibility of trading by computer, and the expanded use of modern information system technology, electronic data processing, and modern communication systems by commodity exchanges, boards of trade, and by the Commission itself for purposes of improving, strengthening, facilitating, or regulating futures trading operations; (2) assist in the development of educational and other informational materials regarding futures trading for dissemination and use among producers, market users, and the general public; and (3) carry out the general purposes of this chapter.

(b) The Commission shall include in its annual reports to Congress plans and findings with respect to implementing this section.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §18, as added Pub. L. 93–463, title IV, §416, Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1415.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

For effective date of section, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as an Effective Date of 1974 Amendment note under section 2 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 384 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 384: Card index of agricultural literature; copies to be furnished by Secretary
Card index of agricultural literature; copies to be furnished by Secretary
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture may furnish to such institutions or individuals as may care to buy them copies of the card index of agricultural literature prepared by the Department of Agriculture in connection with its administration of the Act of March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven [7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.], and the Act of March sixteenth, nineteen hundred and six, and the Acts amendatory of and supplementary thereto, and charge for the same a price covering the additional expenses involved in the preparation of these copies, the money received from such sales to be deposited in the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts.

(Mar. 4, 1915, ch. 144, 38 Stat. 1109.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Act of March second, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, referred to in text, is act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, popularly known as the Hatch Act of 1887, which is classified generally to sections 361a to 361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and Tables.

The Act of March sixteenth, nineteen hundred and six, referred to in text, means act Mar. 16, 1906, ch. 951, 34 Stat. 63, known as the Adams Act of 1906, which was classified to sections 361, 366, 369, 371, 373 to 376, 380, and 382 of this title, and was repealed by act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674. For complete classification of this Act to the Code prior to repeal, see Tables.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1929b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter I: REAL ESTATE LOANS / Section 1929b: Purchase of guaranteed portions of loans; terms and conditions; exercise of authorities
Purchase of guaranteed portions of loans; terms and conditions; exercise of authorities
Status: in_force

The Secretary may purchase, on such terms and conditions as the Secretary deems appropriate, the guaranteed portion of any loan guaranteed under this chapter: Provided, That the Secretary may not pay for any such guaranteed portion of a loan in excess of an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance and accrued interest on the guaranteed portion of the loan. The Secretary may use for such purchases funds from the Rural Development Insurance Fund with respect to rural development loans as defined in section 1929a(a) of this title and funds from the Agricultural Credit Insurance Fund with respect to all other loans under this chapter. This authority may be exercised only if the Secretary determines that an adequate secondary market is not available in the private sector.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §309B, as added Pub. L. 95–334, title I, §111, Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 424.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 2228 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2228: Emergency subsistence for employees
Emergency subsistence for employees
Status: in_force

The Department of Agriculture is authorized to furnish subsistence to employees without consideration as, or deduction from, the compensation of such employees where warranted by emergency condition connected with the work under such regulations as the Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe.

(Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 950, §5, 70 Stat. 1033.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 541d of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
7 U.S.C. § 9093 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 9093: Prevention of deceased individuals receiving payments under farm commodity programs
Prevention of deceased individuals receiving payments under farm commodity programs
Status: in_force

(a) Reconciliation

At least twice each year, the Secretary shall reconcile Social Security numbers of all individuals who receive payments under this chapter, whether directly or indirectly, with the Commissioner of Social Security to determine if the individuals are alive.

(b) Preclusion

The Secretary shall preclude the issuance of payments to, and on behalf of, deceased individuals that were not eligible for payments.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1608, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 708.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 4318 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4318: Separability
Separability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this chapter or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this chapter and of the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1719, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1358.)
7 U.S.C. § 5711 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter VI: REPORTS / Section 5711: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title II, §241(c)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 964
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title II, §241(c)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 964
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–501, title VI, §601, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3687; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title III, §315, Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1856, required Secretary to periodically prepare long-term agricultural trade strategy reports.
7 U.S.C. § 5941 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5941: Purchase of cultures for soil and fertilizer investigations
Purchase of cultures for soil and fertilizer investigations
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture may purchase from applicable appropriations cultures in the open market for use in connection with soil and fertilizer investigations.

(Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title I, §104, 58 Stat. 735.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 432 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944, and not as part of subtitle H of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.
7 U.S.C. § 6943 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter III: RURAL ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / Section 6943: Rural Housing and Community Development Service
Rural Housing and Community Development Service
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment authorized

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary is authorized to establish and maintain within the Department the Rural Housing and Community Development Service and to assign to the Service such functions as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(b) Functions

If the Secretary establishes the Rural Housing and Community Development Service under subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to assign to the Service jurisdiction over the following:

(1) Programs and activities under title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.).

(2) Programs and activities that relate to rural community lending programs, including programs authorized by section 2008d of this title.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §233, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3219; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §§747(b)(3), 753(b)(2), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1128, 1131.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, 63 Stat. 413. Title V of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§1471 et seq.) of chapter 8A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1441 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 104–127 redesignated par. (3) as (2), substituted "section 2008d of this title" for "sections 2008 through 2008d of this title", and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Programs and activities authorized under section 1932(i) of this title and related provisions of law."
7 U.S.C. § 2208a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2208a: Loan levels provided to Department of Agriculture
Loan levels provided to Department of Agriculture
Status: in_force

On and after November 10, 2005, loan levels provided in this or any other Appropriations Act to the Department of Agriculture shall be considered estimates, not limitations.

(Pub. L. 109–97, title VII, §710, Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2150.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. A, title VII, §711, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2839.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title VII, §711, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 32.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title VII, §711, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 39.

Pub. L. 107—76, title VII, §711, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 733.

Pub. L. 106—387, §1(a) [title VII, §711], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–29.

Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, §712, Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1162.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title VII, §712], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–26.

Pub. L. 105–86, title VII, §713, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2106.

Pub. L. 104–180, title VII, §713, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1598.

Pub. L. 104–37, title VII, §713, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 330.

Pub. L. 103–330, title VII, §713, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2468.

Pub. L. 103–111, title VII, §721, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1080.
7 U.S.C. § 4509 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 76: DAIRY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Subchapter I: DAIRY PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 4509: Petition and review
Petition and review
Status: in_force

(a) Any person subject to any order issued under this subchapter may file with the Secretary a petition stating that any such order or any provision of such order or any obligation imposed in connection therewith is not in accordance with law and requesting a modification thereof or an exemption therefrom. The petitioner shall thereupon be given an opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary. After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on the petition, which shall be final if in accordance with law.

(b) The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person is an inhabitant or carries on business are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review such ruling, if a complaint for that purpose is filed within twenty days from the date of the entry of such ruling. Service of process in such proceedings may be had on the Secretary by delivering a copy of the complaint to the Secretary. If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, it shall remand such proceedings to the Secretary with directions either (1) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law, or (2) to take such further proceedings as, in its opinion, the law requires.

(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §118, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1142.)
7 U.S.C. § 4311 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 74: FLORAL RESEARCH AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4311: Exemption from assessments
Exemption from assessments
Status: in_force

Any producer or importer whose total sales of flowers and plants do not exceed $100,000 during a twelve consecutive month period prior to the date an assessment is due and payable shall be exempt from assessments under this chapter under such conditions and procedures as may be prescribed in the order or rules and regulations issued thereunder and shall not vote in any referendum under this chapter: Provided, That the Floraboard shall have the discretion to make annual adjustments in the level of exemption to account for inflation. For the purpose of this section, a producer's or importer's total sales shall include, in those cases in which the producer or importer is an individual, sales attributable to such person's spouse, children, grandchildren, and parents; in those cases in which the producer or importer is a partnership or a member of a partnership, sales attributable to the other partners; and, in those cases in which the producer or importer is a corporation, sales attributable to any corporate subsidiaries of which such corporation owns 50 per centum or more of the stock, or if such subsidiaries are not corporations, subsidiaries which are controlled by such corporation. In addition, in determining a producer's or importer's total sales, the sales of any corporation in which such producer or importer owns 50 per centum or more of the stock shall be attributed to such producer or importer. For these purposes stock in the same corporation which is owned by such producer's or importer's spouse, children, grandchildren, parents, partners, and any corporation 50 per centum or more of whose stock is owned by the producer or importer shall be treated as owned by the producer or importer.

(Pub. L. 97–98, title XVII, §1712, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1354.)
7 U.S.C. § 499n (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 20A: PERISHABLE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 499n: Inspection of perishable agricultural commodities
Inspection of perishable agricultural commodities
Status: in_force

(a) Employment of inspectors; fees and expenses; inspection certificate as evidence

The Secretary is authorized, independently and in cooperation with other branches of the Government, State, or municipal agencies and/or any person, whether operating in one or more jurisdictions, to employ and/or license inspectors to inspect and certify, without regard to the filing of a complaint under this chapter, to any interested person the class, quality, and/or condition of any lot of any perishable agricultural commodity when offered for interstate or foreign shipment or when received at places where the Secretary shall find it practicable to provide such service, under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, including the payment of such fees and expenses as will be reasonable and as nearly as may be to cover the cost for the service rendered: Provided, That fees for inspections made by a licensed inspector, less the percentage thereof which he is allowed by the terms of his contract of employment with the Secretary as compensation for his services, shall be deposited into the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts; and fees for inspections made by an inspector acting under a cooperative agreement with a State, municipality, or other person shall be disposed of in accordance with the terms of such agreement: Provided further, That expenses for travel and subsistence incurred by inspectors shall be paid by the applicant for inspection to the United States Department of Agriculture to be credited to the appropriation for carrying out the purposes of this chapter: And provided further, That official inspection certificates for fresh fruits and vegetables issued by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to any law shall be received by all officers and all courts of the United States, in all proceedings under this chapter, and in all transactions upon contract markets under Commodities Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), as prima-facie evidence of the truth of the statements therein contained.

(b) Issuance of fraudulent certificates; penalties

Whoever shall falsely make, issue, alter, forge, or counterfeit, or cause or procure to be falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or counterfeited, or willingly aid, cause, procure or assist in, or be a party to the false making, issuing, altering, forging, or counterfeiting of any certificate of inspection issued under authority of this chapter, sections 491, 493 to 497 of this title, or any Act making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture; or shall utter or publish as true or cause to be uttered or published as true any such false, forged, altered, or counterfeited certificate, for a fraudulent purpose, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 or by imprisonment for a period of not more than one year, or both, at the discretion of the court.

(June 10, 1930, ch. 436, §14, 46 Stat. 537; Apr. 13, 1934, ch. 120, §15, 48 Stat. 588; Aug. 20, 1937, ch. 719, §12, 50 Stat. 730; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1011(7), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1898.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Commodities Exchange Act, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, 42 Stat. 998, known as the Commodity Exchange Act, which is classified generally to chapter 1 (§1 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 564 of this title.

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "(7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.)" for "(7 U.S.C., Supp. 2, secs. 1 to 17(a))" and a period for semicolon at end.

1937—Act Aug. 20, 1937, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and, among other changes inserted "That official inspection certificates for fresh fruits and vegetables issued by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to any law shall be received by all officers and all courts of the United States, in all proceedings under this chapter, and in all transactions upon contract markets under Commodities Exchange Act" before "as prima facie" in third proviso, and added subsec. (b).

1934—Act Apr. 13, 1934, inserted "and in all proceedings under this chapter" after "United States" in third proviso.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Potato Inspection

Pub. L. 99–198, title XVII, §1704, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1635, as amended by Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1011(g), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 710, provided that: "The Secretary of Agriculture shall perform random spot checks of potatoes entering through ports of entry in the northeastern United States."
7 U.S.C. § 214 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter III: STOCKYARDS AND STOCKYARD DEALERS / Section 214: Effective date of orders
Effective date of orders
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter all orders of the Secretary under this subchapter, other than orders for the payment of money, shall take effect within such reasonable time, not less than five days, as is prescribed in the order, and shall continue in force until his further order, or for a specified period of time, according as is prescribed in the order, unless such order is suspended or modified or set aside by the Secretary or is suspended or set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title III, §313, 42 Stat. 167.)
7 U.S.C. § 96 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 4: NAVAL STORES / Section 96: Punishment for violation of prohibition
Punishment for violation of prohibition
Status: in_force

Any person willfully violating any provision of section 95 of this title shall, on conviction, be punished for each offense by a fine not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment for not exceeding one year, or both.

(Mar. 3, 1923, ch. 217, §6, 42 Stat. 1436.)
7 U.S.C. § 2006 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2006: Waiver of mediation rights by borrowers
Waiver of mediation rights by borrowers
Status: in_force

The Secretary may not make, insure, or guarantee any farmer program loan to a farm borrower on the condition that the borrower waive any right under the mediation program of any State.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §358, as added Pub. L. 100–233, title V, §512, Jan. 6, 1988, 101 Stat. 1664; amended Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §282(f)(3), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3235.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–354 struck out "agricultural loan" before "mediation program".
7 U.S.C. § 326 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter II: COLLEGE-AID ANNUAL APPROPRIATION / Section 326: Ascertainment and certification of amounts due States; certificates withheld from States; appeal to Congress
Ascertainment and certification of amounts due States; certificates withheld from States; appeal to Congress
Status: in_force

On or before the 1st day of October in each year, the Secretary of Agriculture shall ascertain and certify to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State and Territory whether it is entitled to receive its share of the annual appropriation for colleges, or of institutions for colored students, under this subchapter, and the amount which thereupon each is entitled, respectively, to receive. If the Secretary of Agriculture shall withhold a certificate from any State or Territory of its appropriation the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the President, and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the close of the next Congress, in order that the State or Territory may, if it should so desire, appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary of Agriculture. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid it shall be covered into the Treasury.

(Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, §4, 26 Stat. 419; 1939 Reorg. Plan No. I, §§201, 204, eff. July 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2728, 53 Stat. 1424; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 94–273, §3(1), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 376; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(2)(E), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 97–97, title XIV, §1419, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1306.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section constitutes part of section 4 of act Aug. 30, 1890. Remainder of section 4 is classified to section 321 of this title.

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–273 substituted "October" for "July".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of functions under this section to Secretary of Agriculture, see note set out under section 321 of this title.

Functions of Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and Secretary thereof under this subchapter transferred to Secretary of Education by section 301(a)(2)(E) of Pub. L. 96–88, which is classified to section 3441(a)(2)(E) of Title 20, Education.

Transfer of functions from Secretary of the Interior to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, see note set out under section 321 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3362 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter XIV: INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INSULAR AREAS / Section 3362: Distance education grants for insular areas
Distance education grants for insular areas
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary may make competitive grants to eligible institutions in insular areas to strengthen the capacity of such institutions to carry out distance food and agricultural education programs using digital network technologies.

(b) Use

Grants made under this section shall be used—

(1) to acquire the equipment, instrumentation, networking capability, hardware and software, digital network technology, and infrastructure necessary to teach students and teachers about technology in the classroom;

(2) to develop and provide educational services (including faculty development) to prepare students or faculty seeking a degree or certificate that is approved by the State or a regional accrediting body recognized by the Secretary of Education;

(3) to provide teacher education, library and media specialist training, and preschool and teacher aid certification to individuals who seek to acquire or enhance technology skills in order to use technology in the classroom or instructional process;

(4) to implement a joint project to provide education regarding technology in the classroom with a local educational agency, community-based organization, national nonprofit organization, or business; or

(5) to provide leadership development to administrators, board members, and faculty of eligible institutions with institutional responsibility for technology education.

(c) Limitation on use of grant funds

Funds provided under this section shall not be used for the planning, acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, or repair of a building or facility.

(d) Administration of program

The Secretary may carry out this section in a manner that recognizes the different needs and opportunities for eligible institutions in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

(e) Matching requirement

(1) In general

The Secretary may establish a requirement that an eligible institution receiving a grant under this section shall provide matching funds from non-Federal sources in an amount equal to not less than 50 percent of the grant.

(2) Waivers

If the Secretary establishes a matching requirement under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall retain an option to waive the requirement for an eligible institution for any fiscal year if the Secretary determines that the institution will be unlikely to meet the matching requirement for the fiscal year.

(f) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—

(1) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2013; and

(2) $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1490, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7503, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 464; amended Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7143(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1232; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7143(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1994; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7127(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7136(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4802.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".

2014—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, §7127(a)(1), struck out "or noncompetitive" after "competitive".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 113–79, §7127(a)(2), substituted "section—" for "section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2002 through 2012." and added pars. (1) and (2).

2008—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–246, §7143(a), substituted "2012" for "2007".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5691 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter V: FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE / Section 5691: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-354, title II, §225(e)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3214
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-354, title II, §225(e)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3214
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 95–501, title V, §501, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3686, established position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for International Affairs and Commodity Programs.

A prior section 501 of Pub. L. 95–501 enacted section 2211a of this title, amended section 5314 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 2211a of this title, prior to the complete revision of Pub. L. 95–501 by Pub. L. 101–624.
7 U.S.C. § 605 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter II: COTTON OPTION CONTRACTS / Section 605: Repealed. June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(d), 61 Stat. 208
Repealed. June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(d), 61 Stat. 208
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §5, 48 Stat. 33; June 19, 1934, ch. 648, title II, §1, 48 Stat. 1059, related to loans from Reconstruction Finance Corporation and warehouse receipts as collateral.
7 U.S.C. § 415e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 415e: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 415e was editorially reclassified as section 2247a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 433 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 433: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 433 was editorially reclassified as section 399 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 390b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter III: RESEARCH FACILITIES / Section 390b: Competitive grant program
Competitive grant program
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall establish a program to make competitive grants to assist in the construction, alteration, acquisition, modernization, renovation, or remodeling of agricultural research facilities.

(Pub. L. 88–74, §4, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7503(c), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4821.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 390b, Pub. L. 88–74, §4, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §884(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1178; amended Pub. L. 105–185, title I, §106(c), (d), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 530, related to task force on 10–year strategic plan for agricultural research facilities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7308(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 455.

Another prior section 390b, Pub. L. 88–74, §3, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(1), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 994; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(c), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1547, related to definitions, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 4 of Pub. L. 88–74 was classified to section 390c of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.
7 U.S.C. § 2115 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 53: COTTON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2115: Investigations by Secretary; subpenas; oaths and affirmations; judicial aid
Investigations by Secretary; subpenas; oaths and affirmations; judicial aid
Status: in_force

The Secretary may make such investigations as he deems necessary for the effective carrying out of his responsibilities under this chapter or to determine whether a handler or any other person has engaged or is about to engage in any acts or practices which constitute or will constitute a violation of any provision of this chapter or of any order, or rule or regulation issued under this chapter. For the purpose of any such investigation, the Secretary is empowered to administer oaths and affirmations, subpena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any books, papers, and documents which are relevant to the inquiry. Such attendance of witnesses and the production of any such records may be required from any place in the United States. In case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpena issued to, any person, including a handler, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where such person resides or carries on business, in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents; and such court may issue an order requiring such person to appear before the Secretary, there to produce records, if so ordered, or to give testimony touching the matter under investigation. Any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. All process in any such case may be served in the judicial district whereof such person is an inhabitant or wherever he may be found.

(Pub. L. 89–502, §16, July 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 285; Pub. L. 91–452, title II, §206(a), Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 929.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1970—Pub. L. 91–452 struck out designation "(a)" preceding first sentence and struck out subsec. (b) which related to immunity from prosecution of any individual compelled to testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, after claiming his privilege against self-incrimination.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–452 effective on sixtieth day following Oct. 15, 1970, and not to affect any immunity to which any individual is entitled under this section by reason of any testimony given before sixtieth day following Oct. 15, 1970, see section 260 of Pub. L. 91–452, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 6001 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
7 U.S.C. § 1981c (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 1981c: Oil and gas royalty payments on loans
Oil and gas royalty payments on loans
Status: in_force

(a) The Secretary shall permit a borrower of a loan made or insured under this chapter to make a prospective payment on such loan with proceeds from—

(1) the leasing of oil, gas, or other mineral rights to real property used to secure such loan; or

(2) the sale of oil, gas, or other minerals removed from real property used to secure such loan, if the value of the rights to such oil, gas, or other minerals has not been used to secure such loan.

(b) Subsection (a) shall not apply to a borrower of a loan made or insured under this chapter with respect to which a liquidation or foreclosure proceeding is pending on December 23, 1985.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §331C, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIII, §1310(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1523.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 8754 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter III: PEANUTS / Section 8754: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title I, §1102(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-79, title I, §1102(a), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1304, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 971; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1304, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1699, related to availability of counter-cyclical payments for peanuts for 2008 through 2012 crop years.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Continued Application for 2013 Crop Year

For continued application of this section, as in effect on the day before Feb. 7, 2014, through the 2013 crop year, see section 1102(b) of Pub. L. 113–79, set out as a note under section 8714 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2258 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2258: Purchase of newspapers
Purchase of newspapers
Status: in_force

The Department of Agriculture is authorized to subscribe for such newspapers as may be necessary to carry out its authorized work.

(Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title VII, §704, 58 Stat. 742; Pub. L. 110–161, div. A, title VII, §740, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1881.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944.

Section was formerly classified to section 573 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

2007—Pub. L. 110–161 struck out ": Provided, That purchases under this authority shall not be made unless provision is made therefor in the applicable appropriation and the cost thereof is not in excess of limitations prescribed therein" before period at end.
7 U.S.C. § 7105 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 99: SHEEP PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION / Section 7105: Referenda
Referenda
Status: in_force

(a) Initial referendum

(1) In general

Following the issuance of an order under section 7103 of this title, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among producers, feeders, and importers who, during a representative period as determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the production, feeding, or importation of sheep or sheep products for the purpose of ascertaining whether the order shall go into effect.

(2) Approval of order

The order shall become effective only if the Secretary determines that the order has been approved by not less than a majority of the producers, feeders, and importers voting in the referendum or at least 2/3 of the production represented by persons voting in the referendum.

(b) Additional referenda

(1) In general

After the initial referendum, on the request of a representative group comprising 10 percent or more of the producers, feeders, and importers who, during a representative period as determined by the Secretary, have been engaged in the production, feeding, importation, or processing of sheep or sheep products, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum of producers, feeders, and importers to determine whether the producers, feeders, and importers favor the termination or suspension of the order.

(2) Suspension or termination

If the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of the order is favored by a majority of the producers, feeders, and importers voting in the referendum or at least 2/3 of the production represented by the persons voting in the referendum, the Secretary shall suspend or terminate—

(A) collection of assessments under the order not later than 180 days after the determination; and

(B) the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable after the determination.

(c) Procedures

(1) Reimbursement

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Board shall reimburse the Secretary for any expenses incurred by the Secretary in connection with the conduct of any referendum under this section.

(B) Federal employee salaries

The Board shall not be required to reimburse the Secretary for the salaries of Federal employees under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary determines that the reimbursement would be overly burdensome and costly.

(2) Date

Each referendum under this section shall be conducted on a date established by the Secretary, under a procedure by which producers, feeders, and importers intending to vote in the referendum shall certify that the producers, feeders, and importers were engaged in the production, feeding, or importation of sheep or sheep products during the representative period and, on the same day, shall be provided an opportunity to vote in the referendum.

(3) Place

Referenda under this section shall be conducted at locations determined by the Secretary. Absentee mail ballots shall be furnished by the Secretary on request made in person, by mail, or by telephone.

(4) Allocation of production

The Secretary shall determine a method of allocating, by a pro rata percentage of annual projected or actual assessments from importers, the volume of production represented by importers in referenda conducted pursuant to this section.

(Pub. L. 103–407, §6, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4223.)
7 U.S.C. § 6953 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter IV: FOOD, NUTRITION, AND CONSUMER SERVICES / Section 6953: Healthy food financing initiative
Healthy food financing initiative
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to enhance the authorities of the Secretary to support efforts to provide access to healthy food by establishing an initiative to improve access to healthy foods in underserved areas, to create and preserve quality jobs, and to revitalize low-income communities by providing loans and grants to eligible fresh, healthy food retailers and enterprises to overcome the higher costs and initial barriers to entry in underserved areas.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Community development financial institution

The term "community development financial institution" has the meaning given the term in section 4702 of title 12.

(2) Initiative

The term "Initiative" means the Healthy Food Financing Initiative established under subsection (c)(1).

(3) National fund manager

The term "national fund manager" means a community development financial institution that is—

(A) in existence on the date of enactment of this section; and

(B) certified by the Community Development Financial Institution Fund of the Department of Treasury to manage the Initiative for purposes of—

(i) raising private capital;

(ii) providing financial and technical assistance to partnerships; and

(iii) funding eligible projects to attract fresh, healthy food retailers and enterprises to underserved areas, in accordance with this section.

(4) Partnership

The term "partnership" means a regional, State, or local public-private partnership that—

(A) is organized to improve access to fresh, healthy foods;

(B) provides financial and technical assistance to eligible projects; and

(C) meets such other criteria as the Secretary may establish.

(5) Perishable food

The term "perishable food" means a staple food that is fresh, refrigerated, or frozen.

(6) Quality job

The term "quality job" means a job that provides wages and other benefits comparable to, or better than, similar positions in existing businesses of similar size in similar local economies.

(7) Staple food

(A) In general

The term "staple food" means food that is a basic dietary item.

(B) Inclusions

The term "staple food" includes—

(i) bread or cereal;

(ii) flour;

(iii) fruits;

(iv) vegetables;

(v) meat; and

(vi) dairy products.

(c) Initiative

(1) Establishment

The Secretary shall establish an initiative to achieve the purpose described in subsection (a) in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Implementation

(A) In general

(i) In general

In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall provide funding to entities with eligible projects, as described in subparagraph (B), subject to the priorities described in subparagraph (C).

(ii) Use of funds

Funds provided to an entity pursuant to clause (i) shall be used—

(I) to create revolving loan pools of capital or other products to provide loans to finance eligible projects or partnerships;

(II) to provide grants for eligible projects or partnerships;

(III) to provide technical assistance to funded projects and entities seeking Initiative funding; and

(IV) to cover administrative expenses of the national fund manager in an amount not to exceed 10 percent of the Federal funds provided.

(B) Eligible projects

Subject to the approval of the Secretary, the national fund manager shall establish eligibility criteria for projects under the Initiative, which shall include the existence or planned execution of agreements—

(i) to expand or preserve the availability of staple foods in underserved areas with moderate- and low-income populations by maintaining or increasing the number of retail outlets that offer an assortment of perishable food and staple food items, as determined by the Secretary, in those areas; and

(ii) as applicable, to accept benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).

(C) Priorities

In carrying out the Initiative, priority shall be given to projects that—

(i) are located in severely distressed low-income communities, as defined by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund of the Department of Treasury; and

(ii) include 1 or more of the following characteristics:

(I) The project will create or retain quality jobs for low-income residents in the community.

(II) The project supports regional food systems and locally grown foods, to the maximum extent practicable.

(III) In areas served by public transit, the project is accessible by public transit.

(IV) The project involves women- or minority-owned businesses.

(V) The project receives funding from other sources, including other Federal agencies.

(VI) The project otherwise advances the purpose of this section, as determined by the Secretary.

(d) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $125,000,000, to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §243, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title IV, §4206, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 824; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title IV, §4204, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4656.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B)(ii), is Pub. L. 88–525, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 703, which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§2011 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Subsecs. (a), (b)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 115–334, §4204(1), (2), inserted "and enterprises" after "retailers".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 115–334, §4204(3), inserted "as applicable," before "to accept".
7 U.S.C. § 594 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 25A: EXPORT STANDARDS FOR GRAPES AND PLUMS / Section 594: Exemption of minimum quantities
Exemption of minimum quantities
Status: in_force

The Secretary may, by regulation, exempt from compliance with the provisions of this chapter (1) any variety or varieties of grapes and plums, and (2) the shipment of such minimum quantities of grapes and plums to any foreign country as he may prescribe.

(Pub. L. 86–687, §4, Sept. 2, 1960, 74 Stat. 734; Pub. L. 87–105, §2, July 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 220.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1961—Pub. L. 87–105 added cl. (1) and designated existing provisions as cl. (2).
7 U.S.C. § 2009k (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter V: RURAL COMMUNITY ADVANCEMENT PROGRAM / Section 2009k: Rural development interagency working group
Rural development interagency working group
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall provide leadership within the Executive branch for, and assume responsibility for, establishing an interagency working group chaired by the Secretary.

(b) Duties

The working group shall establish policy for, coordinate, make recommendations with respect to, and evaluate the performance of, all Federal rural development efforts.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §381L, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §761, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1146.)
7 U.S.C. § 6504 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6504: National standards for organic production
National standards for organic production
Status: in_force

To be sold or labeled as an organically produced agricultural product under this chapter, an agricultural product shall—

(1) have been produced and handled without the use of synthetic chemicals, except as otherwise provided in this chapter;

(2) except as otherwise provided in this chapter and excluding livestock, not be produced on land to which any prohibited substances, including synthetic chemicals, have been applied during the 3 years immediately preceding the harvest of the agricultural products; and

(3) be produced and handled in compliance with an organic plan agreed to by the producer and handler of such product and the certifying agent.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2105, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3937; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1001(1), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1893.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "; and" for period at end.
7 U.S.C. § 426d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 17: MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS / Section 426d: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 426d was editorially reclassified as section 8354 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3807 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 69: SWINE HEALTH PROTECTION / Section 3807: General enforcement provisions
General enforcement provisions
Status: in_force

(a) Injunctions

The Attorney General, upon the request of the Secretary, shall bring an action to enjoin the violation of, or to compel compliance with, any provision of this chapter or any regulation issued by the Secretary hereunder by any person. Such action shall be brought in the appropriate United States district court for the judicial district in which such person resides or transacts business or in which the violation or omission has occurred or is about to occur. Process in such cases may be served in any judicial district wherein the defendant resides or transacts business or wherever the defendant may be found.

(b) Access to premises or facility and books and records; examination; samples

Any person subject to the provisions of this chapter shall, at all reasonable times, upon notice by a duly authorized representative of the Secretary, afford such representative access to his premises or facility and opportunity to examine the premises or facility, the garbage there at, and books and records thereof, to copy all such books and records and to take reasonable samples of such garbage.

(c) Additional powers

For the efficient execution of the provisions of this chapter, and in order to provide information for the use of Congress, the provisions (including penalties) of sections 46 and 48 through 50 of title 15, are made applicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary in enforcing the provisions of this chapter and to any person subject to the provisions of this chapter, whether or not a corporation. The Secretary, in person or by such agents as he may designate, may prosecute any inquiry necessary to his duties under this chapter in any part of the United States.

(Pub. L. 96–468, §8, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2232.)
7 U.S.C. § 4913 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 80: WATERMELON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 4913: Suspension or termination of plans
Suspension or termination of plans
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever the Secretary finds that a plan or any provision thereof obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, the Secretary shall terminate or suspend the operation of the plan or provision.

(b) The Secretary may conduct a referendum at any time, and shall hold a referendum on request of the Board or at least 10 percent of the combined total of the watermelon producers, handlers, and importers eligible to vote in a referendum, to determine if watermelon producers, handlers, and importers favor the termination or suspension of the plan. The Secretary shall terminate or suspend the plan at the end of the marketing year whenever the Secretary determines that the termination or suspension is favored by a majority of those voting in the referendum, and who produce, handle, or import more than 50 per cent of the combined total of the volume of the watermelons produced by the producers, handled by the handlers, or imported by the importers voting in the referendum.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1654, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1630; Pub. L. 103–189, §8(j), Dec. 14, 1993, 107 Stat. 2263.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–189, §8(j)(3), struck out at end "Any such referendum shall be conducted at county extension offices."

Pub. L. 103–189, §8(j)(2)(C), which directed the substitution of ", handled by the handlers, or imported by the importers" for "or handled by the handlers," in second sentence, was executed by making the substitution in text which did not contain a comma after the word "handlers", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 103–189, §8(j)(1)–(2)(B), in first sentence, substituted "at least 10 percent of the combined total" for "10 per centum or more" and ", handlers, and importers" for "and handlers" in two places, and in second sentence, substituted ", handle, or import" for "or handle" and "50 percent of the combined total" for "50 per centum".
7 U.S.C. § 254 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 10: WAREHOUSES / Section 254: Penalties for noncompliance
Penalties for noncompliance
Status: in_force

If a person fails to comply with any requirement of this chapter (including regulations promulgated under this chapter), the Secretary may assess, on the record after an opportunity for a hearing, a civil penalty—

(1) of not more than $25,000 per violation, if an agricultural product is not involved in the violation; or

(2) of not more than 100 percent of the value of the agricultural product, if an agricultural product is involved in the violation.

(Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §15, as added Pub. L. 106–472, title II, §201, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2068.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 254, act Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, §13, 39 Stat. 488, prohibited discrimination by warehousemen, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472. See section 247 of this title.

A prior section 15 of act Aug. 11, 1916, ch. 313, pt. C, was classified to section 256 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 106–472.
7 U.S.C. § 7449 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 101: AGRICULTURAL PROMOTION / Subchapter III: CANOLA AND RAPESEED / Section 7449: Investigations and power to subpoena
Investigations and power to subpoena
Status: in_force

(a) Investigations

The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary—

(1) for the effective administration of this subchapter; and

(2) to determine whether any person has engaged or is engaging in an act that constitutes a violation of this subchapter, or an order, rule, or regulation issued under this subchapter.

(b) Subpoenas, oaths, and affirmations

(1) In general

For the purpose of an investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, take evidence, and issue subpoenas to require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and the production of records may be required from any place in the United States.

(2) Administrative hearings

For the purpose of an administrative hearing held under section 7447 or 7448 of this title, the presiding officer is authorized to administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena and compel the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of witnesses and the production of records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c) Aid of courts

In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to, any person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or proceeding is carried on, or where the person resides or carries on business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued by the Secretary under subsection (b). The court may issue an order requiring the person to comply with the subpoena.

(d) Contempt

A failure to obey an order of the court under this section may be punished by the court as contempt of the court.

(e) Process

Process may be served on a person in the judicial district in which the person resides or carries on business or wherever the person may be found.

(f) Hearing site

The site of a hearing held under section 7447 or 7448 of this title shall be in the judicial district where the person affected by the hearing resides or has a principal place of business.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title V, §540, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1062.)