12 U.S.C. § 1701q (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 13: NATIONAL HOUSING / Section 1701q: Supportive housing for the elderly
Supportive housing for the elderly
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to enable elderly persons to live with dignity and independence by expanding the supply of supportive housing that—

(1) is designed to accommodate the special needs of elderly persons; and

(2) provides a range of services that are tailored to the needs of elderly persons occupying such housing.

(b) General authority

The Secretary is authorized to provide assistance to private nonprofit organizations and consumer cooperatives to expand the supply of supportive housing for the elderly. Such assistance shall be provided as (1) capital advances in accordance with subsection (c)(1), and (2) contracts for project rental assistance in accordance with subsection (c)(2). Such assistance may be used to finance the construction, reconstruction, or moderate or substantial rehabilitation of a structure or a portion of a structure, or the acquisition of a structure, to be used as supportive housing for the elderly in accordance with this section. Assistance may also cover the cost of real property acquisition, site improvement, conversion, demolition, relocation, and other expenses that the Secretary determines are necessary to expand the supply of supportive housing for the elderly.

(c) Forms of assistance

(1) Capital advances

A capital advance provided under this section shall bear no interest and its repayment shall not be required so long as the housing remains available for very low-income elderly persons in accordance with this section. Such advance shall be in an amount calculated in accordance with the development cost limitation established in subsection (h).

(2) Project rental assistance

Contracts for project rental assistance shall obligate the Secretary to make monthly payments to cover any part of the costs attributed to units occupied (or, as approved by the Secretary, held for occupancy) by very low-income elderly persons that is not met from project income. The annual contract amount for any project shall not exceed the sum of the initial annual project rentals for all units so occupied and any initial utility allowances for such units, as approved by the Secretary. Any contract amounts not used by a project in any year shall remain available to the project until the expiration of the contract. The Secretary may adjust the annual contract amount if the sum of the project income and the amount of assistance payments available under this paragraph are inadequate to provide for reasonable project costs.

(3) Tenant rent contribution

A very low-income person shall pay as rent for a dwelling unit assisted under this section the highest of the following amounts, rounded to the nearest dollar: (A) 30 percent of the person's adjusted monthly income, (B) 10 percent of the person's monthly income, or (C) if the person is receiving payments for welfare assistance from a public agency and a part of such payments, adjusted in accordance with the person's actual housing costs, is specifically designated by such agency to meet the person's housing costs, the portion of such payments which is so designated.

(d) Term of commitment

(1) Use limitations

All units in housing assisted under this section shall be made available for occupancy by very low-income elderly persons for not less than 40 years.

(2) Contract terms

The initial term of a contract entered into under subsection (c)(2) shall be 240 months. The Secretary shall, to the extent approved in appropriation Acts, extend any expiring contract for a term of not less than 60 months. In order to facilitate the orderly extension of expiring contracts, the Secretary is authorized to make commitments to extend expiring contracts during the year prior to the date of expiration.

(e) Applications

Funds made available under this section shall be allocated by the Secretary among approvable applications submitted by private nonprofit organizations. Applications for assistance under this section shall be submitted by an applicant in such form and in accordance with such procedures as the Secretary shall establish. Such applications shall contain—

(1) a description of the proposed housing;

(2) a description of the assistance the applicant seeks under this section;

(3) a description of the resources that are expected to be made available in compliance with subsection (h);

(4) a description of (A) the category or categories of elderly persons the housing is intended to serve; (B) the supportive services, if any, to be provided to the persons occupying such housing; (C) the manner in which such services will be provided to such persons, including, in the case of frail elderly persons, evidence of such residential supervision as the Secretary determines is necessary to facilitate the adequate provision of such services; and (D) the public or private sources of assistance that can reasonably be expected to fund or provide such services;

(5) a certification from the public official responsible for submitting a housing strategy for the jurisdiction to be served in accordance with section 12705 of title 42 that the proposed project is consistent with the approved housing strategy; and

(6) such other information or certifications that the Secretary determines to be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this section.

The Secretary shall not reject an application on technical grounds without giving notice of that rejection and the basis therefor to the applicant and affording the applicant an opportunity to respond.

(f) Initial selection criteria and processing

(1) Selection criteria

The Secretary shall establish selection criteria for assistance under this section, which shall include—

(A) the ability of the applicant to develop and operate the proposed housing;

(B) the need for supportive housing for the elderly in the area to be served, taking into consideration the availability of public housing for the elderly and vacancy rates in such facilities;

(C) the extent to which the proposed size and unit mix of the housing will enable the applicant to manage and operate the housing efficiently and ensure that the provision of supportive services will be accomplished in an economical fashion;

(D) the extent to which the proposed design of the housing will meet the special physical needs of elderly persons;

(E) the extent to which the applicant has demonstrated that the supportive services identified in subsection (e)(4) will be provided on a consistent, long-term basis;

(F) the extent to which the applicant has ensured that a service coordinator will be employed or otherwise retained for the housing, who has the managerial capacity and responsibility for carrying out the actions described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (g)(2);

(G) the extent to which the proposed design of the housing will accommodate the provision of supportive services that are expected to be needed, either initially or over the useful life of the housing, by the category or categories of elderly persons the housing is intended to serve; and

(H) such other factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to ensure that funds made available under this section are used effectively.

(2) Delegated processing

(A) The Secretary shall establish procedures to delegate the award, review and processing of projects, selected by the Secretary in a national competition, to a State or local housing agency that—

(i) is in geographic proximity to the property;

(ii) has demonstrated experience in and capacity for underwriting multifamily housing loans that provide housing and supportive services;

(iii) may or may not be providing low-income housing tax credits in combination with the funding under this section; and

(iv) agrees to issue a firm commitment within 12 months of delegation.

(B) The Secretary shall retain the authority to process funding under this section in cases in which no State or local housing agency has applied to provide delegated processing pursuant to this paragraph or no such agency has entered into an agreement with the Secretary to serve as a delegated processing agency.

(C) The Secretary shall develop a schedule for reasonable fees under this subparagraph to be paid to delegated processing agencies, which shall take into consideration any other fees to be paid to the agency for other funding provided to the project by the agency, including bonds, tax credits, and other gap funding.

(D) Assistance under subsection (c)(2) may be provided for projects which identify in the application for assistance a defined health and other supportive services program including sources of financing the services for eligible residents and memoranda of understanding with service provision agencies and organizations to provide such services for eligible residents at their request. Such supportive services plan and memoranda of understating shall—

(i) identify the target populations to be served by the project;

(ii) set forth methods for outreach and referral;

(iii) identify the health and other supportive services to be provided; and

(iv) identify the terms under which such services will be made available to residents of the project.

(E) Under such delegated system, the Secretary shall retain the authority to approve rents and development costs and to execute funding under this section within 60 days of receipt of the commitment from the State or local agency. The Secretary shall provide to such agency and the project sponsor, in writing, the reasons for any reduction in funding under this section and such reductions shall be subject to appeal.

(g) Provisions of services

(1) In general

In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall ensure that housing assisted under this section provides a range of services tailored to the needs of the category or categories of elderly persons (including frail elderly persons) occupying such housing. Such services may include (A) meal service adequate to meet nutritional need; (B) housekeeping aid; (C) personal assistance; (D) transportation services; (E) health-related services; (F) providing education and outreach regarding telemarketing fraud, in accordance with the standards issued under section 671(f) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13631(f)); and (G) such other services as the Secretary deems essential for maintaining independent living. The Secretary may permit the provision of services to elderly persons who are not residents if the participation of such persons will not adversely affect the cost-effectiveness or operation of the program or add significantly to the need for assistance under this Act.

(2) Local coordination of services

The Secretary shall ensure that owners have the managerial capacity to—

(A) assess on an ongoing basis the service needs of residents;

(B) coordinate the provision of supportive services and tailor such services to the individual needs of residents; and

(C) seek on a continuous basis new sources of assistance to ensure the long-term provision of supportive services.

Any cost associated with this subsection shall be an eligible cost under subsection (c)(2).

(3) Service coordinators

Any cost associated with employing or otherwise retaining a service coordinator in housing assisted under this section shall be considered an eligible cost under subsection (c)(2). If a project is receiving congregate housing services assistance under section 8011 of title 42, the amount of costs provided under subsection (c)(2) for the project service coordinator may not exceed the additional amount necessary to cover the costs of providing for the coordination of services for residents of the project who are not eligible residents under such section 8011 of title 42. To the extent that amounts are available pursuant to subsection (c)(2) for the costs of carrying out this paragraph within a project, an owner of housing assisted under this section shall provide a service coordinator for the housing to coordinate the provision of services under this subsection within the housing.

(h) Development cost limitations

(1) In general

The Secretary shall periodically establish reasonable development cost limitations by market area for various types and sizes of supportive housing for the elderly by publishing a notice of the cost limitations in the Federal Register. The cost limitations shall reflect—

(A) the cost of construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation of supportive housing for the elderly that meets applicable State and local housing and building codes;

(B) the cost of movables necessary to the basic operation of the housing, as determined by the Secretary;

(C) the cost of special design features necessary to make the housing accessible to elderly persons;

(D) the cost of special design features necessary to make individual dwelling units meet the physical needs of elderly project residents;

(E) the cost of congregate space necessary to accommodate the provision of supportive services to elderly project residents;

(F) if the housing is newly constructed, the cost of meeting the energy efficiency standards promulgated by the Secretary in accordance with section 12709 of title 42; and

(G) the cost of land, including necessary site improvement.

In establishing development cost limitations for a given market area under this subsection, the Secretary shall use data that reflect currently prevailing costs of construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation, and land acquisition in the area. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "congregate space" shall include space for cafeterias or dining halls, community rooms or buildings, workshops, adult day health facilities, or other outpatient health facilities, or other essential service facilities. Neither this section nor any other provision of law may be construed as prohibiting or preventing the location and operation, in a project assisted under this section, of commercial facilities for the benefit of residents of the project and the community in which the project is located, except that assistance made available under this section may not be used to subsidize any such commercial facility.

(2) Acquisition

In the case of existing housing and related facilities to be acquired, the cost limitations shall include—

(A) the cost of acquiring such housing,

(B) the cost of rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement, including the moderate rehabilitation thereof, and

(C) the cost of the land on which the housing and related facilities are located.

(3) Annual adjustments

The Secretary shall adjust the cost limitation not less than once annually to reflect changes in the general level of construction, reconstruction, or rehabilitation costs.

(4) Incentives for savings

(A) Special housing account

The Secretary shall use the development cost limitations established under paragraph (1) or (2) to calculate the amount of financing to be made available to individual owners. Owners which incur actual development costs that are less than the amount of financing shall be entitled to retain 50 percent of the savings in a special housing account. Such percentage shall be increased to 75 percent for owners which add energy efficiency features which—

(i) exceed the energy efficiency standards promulgated by the Secretary in accordance with section 12709 of title 42;

(ii) substantially reduce the life-cycle cost of the housing;

(iii) reduce gross rent requirements; and

(iv) enhance tenant comfort and convenience.

(B) Uses

The special housing account established under subparagraph (A) may be used (i) to supplement services provided to residents of the housing or funds set aside for replacement reserves, or (ii) for such other purposes as determined by the Secretary.

(5) Design flexibility

The Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, give owners the flexibility to design housing appropriate to their location and proposed resident population within broadly defined parameters.

(6) Use of funds from other sources

An owner shall be permitted voluntarily to provide funds from sources other than this section for amenities and other features of appropriate design and construction suitable for supportive housing for the elderly if the cost of such amenities is (A) not financed with the advance, and (B) is not taken into account in determining the amount of Federal assistance or of the rent contribution of tenants. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, assistance amounts provided under this section may be treated as amounts not derived from a Federal grant.

(i) Tenant selection

(1) In general

An owner shall adopt written tenant selection procedures that are satisfactory to the Secretary as (A) consistent with the purpose of improving housing opportunities for very low-income elderly persons; and (B) reasonably related to program eligibility and an applicant's ability to perform the obligations of the lease. Such tenant selection procedures shall comply with subtitle C of title VI of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 [42 U.S.C. 13601 et seq.] and any regulations issued under such subtitle. Owners shall promptly notify in writing any rejected applicant of the grounds for any rejection.

(2) Information regarding housing under this section

The Secretary shall provide to an appropriate agency in each area (which may be the applicable Area Agency on the Aging) information regarding the availability of housing assisted under this section.

(j) Miscellaneous provisions

(1) Technical assistance

The Secretary shall make available appropriate technical assistance to assure that applicants having limited resources, particularly minority applicants, are able to participate more fully in the program carried out under this section.

(2) Civil rights compliance

Each owner shall certify, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that assistance made available under this section will be conducted and administered in conformity with title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.], the Fair Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.], and other Federal, State, and local laws prohibiting discrimination and promoting equal opportunity.

(3) Owner deposit

(A) In general

The Secretary shall require an owner to deposit an amount not to exceed $25,000 in a special escrow account to assure the owner's commitment to the housing. Such amount shall be used only to cover operating deficits during the first 3 years of operations and shall not be used to cover construction shortfalls or inadequate initial project rental assistance amounts.

(B) Reduction of requirement

The Secretary may reduce or waive the owner deposit specified under paragraph (1) for individual applicants if the Secretary finds that such waiver or reduction is necessary to achieve the purposes of this section and the applicant demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that it has the capacity to manage and maintain the housing in accordance with this section. The Secretary shall reduce or waive the requirement of the owner deposit under paragraph (1) in the case of a nonprofit applicant that is not affiliated with a national sponsor, as determined by the Secretary.

(4) Notice of appeal

The Secretary shall notify an owner not less than 30 days prior to canceling any reservation of assistance provided under this section. During the 30-day period following the receipt of a notice under the preceding sentence, an owner may appeal the proposed cancellation of loan authority. Such appeal, including review by the Secretary, shall be completed not later than 45 days after the appeal is filed.

(5) Labor

(A) In general

The Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors and subcontractors in the construction of housing with 12 or more units assisted under this section shall be paid wages at rates not less than the rates prevailing in the locality involved for the corresponding classes of laborers and mechanics employed on construction of a similar character, as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40.

(B) Exemption

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any individual who—

(i) performs services for which the individual volunteered;

(ii)(I) does not receive compensation for such services; or

(II) is paid expenses, reasonable benefits, or a nominal fee for such services; and

(iii) is not otherwise employed at any time in the construction work.

(6) Access to residual receipts

The Secretary shall authorize the owner of a project assisted under this section to use any residual receipts held for the project in excess of $500 per unit (or in excess of such other amount prescribed by the Secretary based on the needs of the project) for activities to retrofit and renovate the project described under section 8011(d)(3) of title 42, to provide a service coordinator for the project as described in section 8011(d)(4) of title 42, or to provide supportive services (as such term is defined in section 8011(k) of title 42) to residents of the project. Any owner that uses residual receipts under this paragraph shall submit to the Secretary a report, not less than annually, describing the uses of the residual receipts. In determining the amount of project rental assistance to be provided to a project under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the Secretary may take into consideration the residual receipts held for the project only if, and to the extent that, excess residual receipts are not used under this paragraph.

(7) Compliance with Housing and Community Development Act of 1992

Each owner shall operate housing assisted under this section in compliance with subtitle C of title VI of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 [42 U.S.C. 13601 et seq.] and any regulations issued under such subtitle.

(8) Use of project reserves

Amounts for project reserves for a project assisted under this section may be used for costs, subject to reasonable limitations as the Secretary determines appropriate, for reducing the number of dwelling units in the project. Such use shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary to ensure that the use is designed to retrofit units that are currently obsolete or unmarketable.

(9) Carbon monoxide alarms

Each owner of a dwelling unit assisted under this section shall ensure that carbon monoxide alarms or detectors are installed in the dwelling unit in a manner that meets or exceeds—

(A) the standards described in chapters 9 and 11 of the 2018 publication of the International Fire Code, as published by the International Code Council; or

(B) any other standards as may be adopted by the Secretary, including any relevant updates to the International Fire Code, through a notice published in the Federal Register.

(10) Qualifying smoke alarms

(A) In general

Each owner of a dwelling unit assisted under this section shall ensure that qualifying smoke alarms are installed in accordance with the requirements of applicable codes and standards and the National Fire Protection Association Standard 72, or any successor standard, in each level and in or near each sleeping area in such dwelling unit, including in basements but excepting crawl spaces and unfinished attics, and in each common area in a project containing such a dwelling unit.

(B) Definitions

For purposes of this paragraph, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) Smoke alarm defined

The term "smoke alarm" has the meaning given the term "smoke detector" in section 2225(d) of title 15.

(ii) Qualifying smoke alarm defined

The term "qualifying smoke alarm" means a smoke alarm that—

(I) in the case of a dwelling unit built before December 29, 2022, and not substantially rehabilitated after December 29, 2022—

(aa)(AA) is hardwired; or

(BB) uses 10-year non rechargeable, nonreplaceable primary batteries and is sealed, is tamper resistant, and contains silencing means; and

(bb) provides notification for persons with hearing loss as required by the National Fire Protection Association Standard 72, or any successor standard; or

(II) in the case of a dwelling unit built or substantially rehabilitated after December 29, 2022, is hardwired.

(k) Definitions

(1) The term "elderly person" means a household composed of one or more persons at least one of whom is 62 years of age or more at the time of initial occupancy.

(2) The term "frail elderly" means an elderly person who is unable to perform at least 3 activities of daily living adopted by the Secretary for purposes of this program. Owners may establish additional eligibility requirements (acceptable to the Secretary) based on the standards in local supportive services programs.

(3) The term "owner" means a private nonprofit organization that receives assistance under this section to develop and operate supportive housing for the elderly.

(4) The term "private nonprofit organization" means—

(A) any incorporated private institution or foundation—

(i) no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or individual;

(ii) which has a governing board—

(I) the membership of which is selected in a manner to assure that there is significant representation of the views of the community in which such housing is located; and

(II) which is responsible for the operation of the housing assisted under this section, except that, in the case of a nonprofit organization that is the sponsoring organization of multiple housing projects assisted under this section, the Secretary may determine the criteria or conditions under which financial, compliance and other administrative responsibilities exercised by a single-entity private nonprofit organization that is the owner corporation responsible for the operation of an individual housing project may be shared or transferred to the governing board of such sponsoring organization; and

(iii) which is approved by the Secretary as to financial responsibility; and

(B) a for-profit limited partnership the sole general partner of which is—

(i) an organization meeting the requirements under subparagraph (A);

(ii) a for-profit corporation wholly owned and controlled by one or more organizations meeting the requirements under subparagraph (A); or

(iii) a limited liability company wholly owned and controlled by one or more organizations meeting the requirements under subparagraph (A).

(5) The term "State" includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the possessions of the United States.

(6) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

(7) The term "supportive housing for the elderly" means housing that is designed (A) to meet the special physical needs of elderly persons and (B) to accommodate the provision of supportive services that are expected to be needed, either initially or over the useful life of the housing, by the category or categories of elderly persons that the housing is intended to serve.

(8) The term "very low-income" has the same meaning as given the term "very low-income families" under section 1437a(b)(2) of title 42.

(l) Allocation of funds

(1) Capital advances

Of any amounts made available for assistance under this section, such sums as may be necessary shall be available for funding capital advances in accordance with subsection (c)(1). Such amounts, the repayments from such advances, and the proceeds from notes or obligations issued under this section prior to November 28, 1990, shall constitute a revolving fund to be used by the Secretary in carrying out this section.

(2) Project rental assistance

Of any amounts made available for assistance under this section, such sums as may be necessary shall be available for funding project rental assistance in accordance with subsection (c)(2).

(3) Nonmetropolitan allocation

Not less than 15 percent of the funds made available for assistance under this section shall be allocated by the Secretary on a national basis for nonmetropolitan areas. In complying with this paragraph, the Secretary shall either operate a national competition for the nonmetropolitan funds or make allocations to regional offices of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

(m) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated for providing assistance under this section $710,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.

(m) 1 Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated for providing assistance under this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2001, 2002, and 2003.

(Pub. L. 86–372, title II, §202, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 667; Pub. L. 87–70, title II, §201, June 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 162; Pub. L. 87–723, §3, Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 88–158, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 88–560, title II, §§201, 203(a)(2), Sept. 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 783; Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §105(a), (b)(1), formerly §105, Aug. 10, 1965, 79 Stat. 457, renumbered Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1001(1), (2), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1284; Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a), May 25, 1967, 81 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 90–448, title XVII, §1706, Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 91–152, title II, §218, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 390; Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §210(a)–(f), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 669–671; Pub. L. 94–375, §11, Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 95–128, title II, §202, Oct. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1129; Pub. L. 95–557, title II, §205, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2090; Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §306(a)–(d), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1112, 1113; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, §319, Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1646; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §336, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title II, §223(a)(1), (b)–(e)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1189, 1190; Pub. L. 98–479, title I, §102(c), title II, §§201(e), 203(h), Oct. 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 2222, 2228, 2230; Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §§161(a)–(c)(1), (d)–(f), 162(b), (c), 170(g), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1855–1857, 1859, 1867; Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §§801(a), (e), 804(a)–(c), 805, 807, 808, title IX, §955(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4297, 4304, 4322–4324, 4421; Pub. L. 102–139, title II, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 102–242, title II, §241(c)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2331; Pub. L. 102–550, title VI, §§601(c), 602(a)–(c), (e)–(g), 677(a), 682(c), title IX, §913(a), title XVI, §1604(c)(3), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3802–3805, 3829, 3831, 3876, 4083; Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §511, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §§821, 831–835, 851(c)(1), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3020–3022, 3024; Pub. L. 110–289, div. B, title VIII, §2835(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2873; Pub. L. 111–372, title I, §§101–105, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4077–4079; Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title II, §241, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 636; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title I, §101(c), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2163; Pub. L. 117–328, div. AA, title VI, §601(b), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5544.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is Pub. L. 86–372, Sept. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 654, known as the Housing Act of 1959. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1959 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title and Tables.

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, referred to in subsecs. (i)(1) and (j)(7), is Pub. L. 102–550, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3672. Subtitle C of title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§13601 et seq.) of chapter 135 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1992 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (j)(2), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

The Fair Housing Act, referred to in subsec. (j)(2), is title VIII of Pub. L. 90–284, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 81, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§3601 et seq.) of chapter 45 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3601 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

"Sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40" substituted in subsec. (j)(5)(A) for "the Act of March 3, 1931 (commonly known as the Davis-Bacon Act)" on authority of Pub. L. 107–217, §5(c), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1303, the first section of which enacted Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works.

Section was enacted as part of the Housing Act of 1959, and not as part of the National Housing Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (j)(10). Pub. L. 117–328 added par. (10).

2020—Subsec. (j)(9). Pub. L. 116–260 added par. (9).

2014—Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 113–76, §241(a)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "The Secretary shall establish procedures to delegate the award, review and processing of projects, selected by the Secretary in a national competition, to a State or local housing agency that—" for "In issuing a capital advance under this subsection for any project for which financing for the purposes described in the last two sentences of subsection (b) is provided by a combination of a capital advance under subsection (c)(1) and sources other than this section, within 30 days of award of the capital advance, the Secretary shall delegate review and processing of such projects to a State or local housing agency that—".

Subsec. (f)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 113–76, §241(a)(2), substituted "funding" for "capital advance" and a semicolon for a comma.

Subsec. (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–76, §241(b), substituted "funding under this section" for "capital advances".

Subsec. (f)(2)(C). Pub. L. 113–76, §241(c), struck out first sentence "An agency to which review and processing is delegated pursuant to subparagraph (A) may assess a reasonable fee which shall be included in the capital advance amounts and may recommend project rental assistance amounts in excess of those initially awarded by the Secretary."

Subsec. (f)(2)(D), (E). Pub. L. 113–76, §241(d), (e), added subpar. (D), redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E), and in subpar. (E), substituted "execute funding under this section" for "execute a capital advance" and "in funding under this section" for "in capital advance amounts or project rental assistance".

2011—Subsec. (f)(1)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 111–372, §101, added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpars. (F) and (G) as (G) and (H), respectively.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 111–372, §102, inserted "reasonable" before "development cost limitations" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (j)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–372, §103, inserted after period at end "Such amount shall be used only to cover operating deficits during the first 3 years of operations and shall not be used to cover construction shortfalls or inadequate initial project rental assistance amounts."

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 111–372, §104, amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) defined "private nonprofit organization".

Subsec. (l)(3). Pub. L. 111–372, §105, inserted after period at end "In complying with this paragraph, the Secretary shall either operate a national competition for the nonmetropolitan funds or make allocations to regional offices of the Department of Housing and Urban Development."

2008—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "Initial selection criteria and processing" for "Selection criteria" in heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted heading, redesignated former pars. (1) to (7) as subpars. (A) to (G), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).

2000—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–569, §833(1), struck out "from the Resolution Trust Corporation" after "or the acquisition of a structure".

Subsec. (g)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 106–569, §851(c)(1), added cl. (F) and redesignated former cl. (F) as (G).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 106–569, §835, inserted at end of concluding provisions "Neither this section nor any other provision of law may be construed as prohibiting or preventing the location and operation, in a project assisted under this section, of commercial facilities for the benefit of residents of the project and the community in which the project is located, except that assistance made available under this section may not be used to subsidize any such commercial facility."

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 106–569, §833(2), substituted "Acquisition" for "RTC properties" in heading and struck out "from the Resolution Trust Corporation under section 1441a(c) of this title or from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under section 1831q of this title" after "related facilities to be acquired" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(6). Pub. L. 106–569, §832, substituted "sources other than this section" for "non-Federal sources" and inserted at end "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, assistance amounts provided under this section may be treated as amounts not derived from a Federal grant."

Subsec. (j)(8). Pub. L. 106–569, §834, added par. (8).

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 106–569, §831, inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106–569, §821, added subsec. (m) relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal years 2001 to 2003.

1999—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106–74 added subsec. (m) relating to authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2000.

1992—Subsec. (e)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(b), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (5) and (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "a certification from the appropriate State or local agency (as determined by the Secretary) that the provision of services identified in paragraph (4) is well designed to serve the special needs of the category or categories of elderly persons the housing is intended to serve;".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(c), which directed insertion of ", taking into consideration the availability of public housing for the elderly and vacancy rates in such facilities" at end, was executed by making insertion before semicolon at end.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(a)(1), struck out "and persons with disabilities" after "elderly persons" in last sentence.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §677(a)(A), struck out at end "Any cost associated with the employment of a service coordinator shall also be an eligible cost except where the project is receiving congregate housing services assistance under section 8011 of title 42."

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §677(a)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §1604(c)(3), made technical amendment to reference to section 1831q of this title to correct reference to corresponding provision of original act.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §682(c)(1), inserted after first sentence "Such tenant selection procedures shall comply with subtitle C of title VI of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 and any regulations issued under such subtitle."

Subsec. (i)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(a)(2), substituted "elderly persons" for "persons with disabilities".

Subsec. (j)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(f), inserted at end "The Secretary shall reduce or waive the requirement of the owner deposit under paragraph (1) in the case of a nonprofit applicant that is not affiliated with a national sponsor, as determined by the Secretary."

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 102–550, §913(a), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows:

"(A) In general.—Any contract for the construction of affordable housing with 12 or more units assisted with funds made available under this subtitle shall contain a provision requiring that not less than the wages prevailing in the locality, as predetermined by the Secretary of Labor pursuant to the Davis-Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 276a–276a–5), shall be paid to all laborers and mechanics employed in the development of affordable housing involved, and participating jurisdictions shall require certification as to compliance with the provisions of this section prior to making any payment under such contract.

"(B) Waiver.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if the individual receives no compensation or is paid expenses, reasonable benefits, or a nominal fee to perform the services for which the individual volunteered and such persons are not otherwise employed at any time in the construction work."

Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(e), added par. (6).

Subsec. (j)(7). Pub. L. 102–550, §682(c)(2), added par. (7).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(1), substituted "Allocation of funds" for "Authorizations" in heading.

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(2), inserted sentence at beginning, substituted "Such amounts" for "Amounts so appropriated" in second sentence, and struck out former first sentence which read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of funding capital advances in accordance with subsection (c)(1) of this section $659,000,000 for fiscal year 1992."

Subsec. (l)(2). Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(3), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "For the purpose of funding contracts for project rental assistance in accordance with subsection (c)(2) of this section the Secretary may, to the extent approved in an appropriations Act, reserve authority to enter into obligations aggregating $363,000,000 for fiscal year 1992."

Subsec. (l)(3). Pub. L. 102–550, §602(g), which directed substitution of "15 percent" for "20 percent" in par. (4) was executed to par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 102–550, §601(c)(4), substituted "for assistance under this section" for "under this subtitle".

1991—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–139, amending Pub. L. 101–625, §801(a), struck out "in housing principally serving frail elderly persons" after "coordinator".

Pub. L. 102–139 struck out "or a project where the tenants are not principally frail elderly" before period at end of subsec. (g)(2) as it existed prior to the general amendment of this section by section 801(a) of Pub. L. 101–625.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 102–242 inserted "or from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under section 1831q of this title" after "section 1441a(c) of this title".

1990—Pub. L. 101–625, §801(a), amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing loans for housing and related facilities for elderly or handicapped families.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 101–625, §801(e), struck out before period at end ", and not more than $666,400,000 may be approved in appropriation Acts for such loans with respect to fiscal year 1984. For fiscal years 1988 and 1989, not more than $621,701,000 and $630,000,000, respectively, may be approved in appropriation Acts for such loans" and inserted at end "For fiscal year 1991, not more than $714,200,000 may be approved in appropriation Acts for such loans."

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 101–625, §804(b), added par. (9).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §955(c), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), struck out before period at end "; but the Secretary may waive the application of this paragraph in cases or classes of cases where laborers or mechanics, not otherwise employed at any time in the construction of such housing, voluntarily donate their services without full compensation for the purpose of lowering the costs of construction and the Secretary determines that any amounts saved thereby are fully credited to the corporation, cooperative, or public body or agency undertaking the construction", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §804(a), inserted at end "The term also means the cost of acquiring existing housing and related facilities from the Resolution Trust Corporation under section 1441a(c) of this title, the cost of rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement, including the moderate rehabilitation thereof, and the cost of the land on which the housing and related facilities are located."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–625, §808, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 101–625, §804(c), inserted at end "In the case of existing housing and related facilities acquired from the Resolution Trust Corporation under section 1441a(c) of this title, the term of the contract pursuant to such section 8 shall be 240 months."

Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 101–625, §807, added par. (3).

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 101–625, §805, added subsec. (p).

1988—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(c)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "taking into consideration the average yield, during the 3-month period immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the loan is made, on the most recently issued 30-year marketable obligations of the United States" for "of the Treasury taking into consideration the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(a), inserted provisions relating to such sums as may be approved for fiscal years 1988 and 1989, and substituted "October 1, 1983, to such sum" for "October 1, 1983, and to such sum".

Pub. L. 100–242, §161(d), substituted "Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury taking into consideration the average yield, during the 3-month period immediately preceding the fiscal year in which the loan is made, on the most recently issued 30-year marketable obligations of the United States." for "Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made."

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(b), inserted provisions relating to loan authority for fiscal years 1988 and 1989.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(f), added par. (8).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(b)(3), inserted reference to construction designed for dwelling use by 12 or more elderly or handicapped families.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 100–242, §170(g)(1), substituted reference to a handicapped person if such person has a developmental disability as defined in section 6001(7) of title 42, for reference to a handicapped person if such person is a developmentally disabled individual as defined in section 102(5) of the Developmental Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Amendments of 1950.

Subsec. (d)(9), (10). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(b)(2), added pars. (9), (10).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(c), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 100–242, §170(g)(2), substituted "section 133" for "section 134".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–242, §162(b)(1), amended subsec. (h) generally, changing structure of subsection from one consisting of introductory provisions and two numbered paragraphs to one consisting of four numbered paragraphs.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 100–242, §170(g)(3), substituted "different" for "difference".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–242, §161(e), added subsec. (n).

1984—Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 98–479, §203(h), substituted "chapter 31 of title 31" for "the Second Liberty Bond Act" and "such chapter" for "that Act".

Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(1), substituted "October 1, 1984" for "October 1, 1985".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–479, §201(e), substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(2)(A), inserted "and" at end.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(2)(B), substituted a period for "; and" at end.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 98–479, §102(c)(3), inserted "The Secretary shall not impose difference requirements or standards with respect to construction change orders, increases in loan amount to cover change orders, errors in plans and specifications, and use of contingency funds, because of the method of contractor selection used by the sponsor or borrower."

1983—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(a)(1), inserted ", except that such interest rate plus such allowance shall not exceed 9.25 per centum per annum".

Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(b), struck out "and" after "1980" and inserted ", to $6,400,000,000 on October 1, 1983, and to such sum as may be approved in an appropriation Act on October 1, 1985,".

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(c), substituted "$666,400,000" and "1984" for "$850,848,000" and "1982", respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(d)(1), (2), in provisions preceding par. (1), substituted "1983" for "1978", and inserted ", and persons described in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subsection (d)(4) of this section who have been released from residential health treatment facilities".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(d)(3), (5), substituted "persons described in the first sentence of this subsection" for "handicapped persons", and struck out "and" at end.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(d)(4), (6), substituted "persons described in the first sentence of this subsection who are" for "handicapped persons", and substituted "such community; and" for "such community".

Subsecs. (i) to (m). Pub. L. 98–181, §223(e), added subsecs. (i) to (m).

1981—Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 97–35 inserted provisions relating to fiscal year 1982.

1980—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 96–399 inserted last sentence relating to housing to meet the needs of handicapped (primarily nonelderly) persons.

1979—Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(a), provided for increase of notes or other obligations to $3,827,500,000 on October 1, 1979, to $4,777,500,000 on October 1, 1980, and to $5,752,500,000 on October 1, 1981.

Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(b), added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (d)(8)(A). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(c)(1), substituted "adult day health facilities, or other" for "or infirmaries or other inpatient or".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(c)(2), inserted reference to adult day health services.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–153, §306(d), inserted provisions that at the time of settlement on permanent financing, the Secretary make appropriate adjustment in the amount of assistance to be provided under a contract for annual contributions pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 reflecting the difference between interest rate which will actually be charged in connection with such permanent financing and the interest rate which was in effect at the time of the reservation of assistance in connection with the project.

1978—Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(b), struck out "in any fiscal year" after "The aggregate loans made under this section", and "for such year" after "lending authority established".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(d), designated provisions beginning "no part of" as par. (A), substituted "member, founder, contributor, or individual" for "private shareholder, contributor, or individual, if such institution or foundation is approved by the Secretary as to financial responsibility", and added pars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(c), inserted "the cost of movables necessary to the basic operation of the project as determined by the Secretary," after "related facilities".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–557, §205(a), added subsec. (h).

1977—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 95–128, §202(a), provided for determination of "development cost" without regard to mortgage limits applicable to housing projects subject to mortgages insured under section 1715v of this title.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–128, §202(b), added subsec. (g).

1976—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 94–375, §11(c)(1), substituted "average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made" for "current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with remaining periods to maturity comparable to the average maturities of such loans".

Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 94–375, §11(a), (c)(2), substituted "$1,475,000,000, which amount shall be increased to $2,387,500,000 on October 1, 1977, and to $3,300,000,000 on October 1, 1978" for "$800,000,000" and "the average interest rate on all interest bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt, computed at the end of the fiscal year next preceding the date on which the loan is made" for "the current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding the issuance of the notes or other obligations", and inserted provision restricting the amount of notes or obligations issued to the Secretary of the Treasury to not more than $800,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 94–375, §11(b), included in definition of "elderly or handicapped families" two or more elderly or handicapped persons living together, one such person and another providing care for the first, or a surviving member of the family who was living in the unit at the time another member died.

1974—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(a), substituted provisions authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to determine the interest rate, for provisions authorizing the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to determine the interest rate.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(d), redesignated existing provision as subsec. (a)(4)(A), inserted ", and the proceeds from notes or other obligations issued under subparagraph (B)," after "Amounts so appropriated", and added subsec. (a)(4)(B), (C).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(e), added par. (5).

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(b), substituted "an impairment" for "a physical impairment" and inserted provisions relating to developmentally disabled individuals.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(f), inserted "residing in the project or in the area" after "families".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–383, §210(c), added subsec. (f).

1969—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 91–152 increased by $150,000,000 on July 1, 1969 the amount authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section.

1968—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–448, §1706(1), authorized assistance to limited profit sponsors.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–448, §1706(2), authorized loans to any limited profit sponsor approved by the Secretary.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 90–448, §1706(3), limited the amount of the loan to not more than 90 per centum of the development cost in the case of other than a corporation, consumer cooperative, or public body or agency.

1967—Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a)(1), substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator" wherever appearing in subsecs. (a)(2) to (4), (b), (c)(2), (3), (d)(2), (4), and (e) of this section.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a)(2), struck out at end ", except that for purposes of this subsection the Administrator shall perform the functions vested in the Commissioner by such section 513".

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 90–19, §16(a)(3), substituted definition of "Secretary" meaning the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for "Administrator" meaning the Housing and Home Finance Administrator.

1965—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 89–117, §105(b)(1), substituted "the lower of (A) 3 per centum per annum, or" for "the higher of (A) 2¾ per centum per annum, or".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 89–117, §105(a), increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $350,000,000 to $500,000,000.

1964—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(A), substituted "elderly or handicapped families" for "elderly families and elderly persons".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 88–560, §201, increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $275,000,000 to $350,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(B), included in definition of "housing" structures suitable for dwelling use by handicapped families, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(C), substituted definitions of "elderly or handicapped families" and when "a person shall be considered handicapped" for former provisions defining "elderly families" as "families the head of which (or his spouse) is sixty-two years of age or over" and "elderly persons" as "persons who are sixty-two years of age or over".

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(D), redefined "construction" to include rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures.

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 88–560, §203 (a)(2)(E), redefined "existing facilities" by designating existing provisions as cl. (A), inserting in cl. (A) "by elderly or handicapped families" and "workshops", and adding cl. (B).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 88–560, §203(a)(2)(A), substituted "elderly or handicapped families" for "elderly families and elderly persons" in two places.

1963—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 88–158 increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $225,000,000 to $275,000,000.

1962—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(a), increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $125,000,000 to $225,000,000.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d)(1)(A) as entire subsec. (d)(1) and struck out subsec. (d)(1)(B) which included in definition of "housing" dwelling facilities provided by rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures which were otherwise inadequate for proposed dwellings used by elderly families and persons.

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b)(2), struck out ", or rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures" after "new structures".

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b)(3), redesignated subsec. (d)(8)(A) as entire subsec. (d)(8) and struck out subsec. (d)(8)(B) which included in definition of "related facilities" structures suitable for essential service facilities provided by rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, or improvement of existing structures which were otherwise inadequate for essential service facilities.

1961—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(1), authorized assistance for consumer cooperatives and public bodies and agencies.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(2), authorized loans to consumer cooperatives and to public bodies or agencies, and prohibited loans to public bodies or agencies unless they certify that they are not receiving financial assistance exclusively pursuant to the United States Housing Act of 1937.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(3), (b), substituted "loan under this section" for "loan to a corporation under this section", and "may be in an amount not exceeding the total development cost" for "may be in an amount not exceeding 98 per centum of the total development cost".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(c), increased amount authorized to be appropriated from $50,000,000 to $125,000,000, and struck out provisions which limited the amount outstanding at any one time for related facilities to not more than $5,000,000.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(a)(4), substituted "credited to the corporation, cooperative, or public body or agency undertaking" for "credited to the corporation undertaking".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87–70, §201(d), added subsec. (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–328, div. AA, title VI, §601(h), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5548, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) through (f) [amending this section and sections 1437a, 1437f, 1484 to 1486, 8013, and 12905 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022]."

Effective Date of 2020 Amendment

Pub. L. 116–260, div. Q, title I, §101(h), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2165, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (b) through (e) [amending this section and sections 1437a, 1437f, 8013, and 12905 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2020]."

Effective Date of 2000 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §803, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3019, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The provisions of this title [see section 801 of Pub. L. 106–569, set out as a Short Title of 2000 Amendment note under section 1701 of this title] and the amendments made by this title are effective as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2000], unless such provisions or amendments specifically provide for effectiveness or applicability upon another date certain.

"(b) Effect of Regulatory Authority.—Any authority in this title or the amendments made by this title to issue regulations, and any specific requirement to issue regulations by a date certain, may not be construed to affect the effectiveness or applicability of the provisions of this title or the amendments made by this title under such provisions and amendments and subsection (a) of this section."

Effective Date of 1999 Amendment

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §503, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1101, provided that:

"(a) In General.—The provisions of this title [see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title] and the amendments made by this title are effective as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1999], unless such provisions or amendments specifically provide for effectiveness or applicability upon another date certain.

"(b) Effect of Regulatory Authority.—Any authority in this title or the amendments made by this title to issue regulations, and any specific requirement to issue regulations by a date certain, may not be construed to affect the effectiveness or applicability of the provisions of this title or the amendments made by this title under such provisions and amendments and subsection (a) of this section."

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by sections 677(a) and 682(c) of Pub. L. 102–550 applicable on expiration of 6-month period beginning Oct. 28, 1992, see section 13642 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by section 1604(c)(3) of Pub. L. 102–550 effective as if included in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–242, as of Dec. 19, 1991, see section 1609(a) of Pub. L. 102–550, set out as a note under section 191 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendments

Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §801(c), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4304, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 1439 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on October 1, 1991, with respect to projects approved on or after such date. The Secretary shall issue regulations for such purpose after notice and an opportunity for public comment in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code. Regulations shall be issued for comment not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990]."

Amendment by section 955(c) of Pub. L. 101–625 applicable to any volunteer services provided before, on, or after Nov. 28, 1990, except that such amendment may not be construed to require repayment of any wages paid before Nov. 28, 1990, for services provided before such date, see section 955(d) of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1437j of Title 42.

Pub. L. 101–507, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1358, provided that sections 801, 802, and 811 of Pub. L. 101–625 [enacting sections 8011 and 8013 of Title 42, amending this section and sections 1437g and 1439 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] are deemed enacted as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 101–507, which was approved Nov. 5, 1990.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §162(f), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1859, provided that:

"(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section [amending this section and enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes below] shall not apply with respect to projects with loans or loan reservations made under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [this section] before the implementation date under subsection (e) [section 162(e) of Pub. L. 100–242 set out below].

"(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the Secretary shall apply the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section to any project if needed to facilitate the development of such project in a timely manner."

Effective and Termination Dates of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title II, §223(a)(2)], Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1190, as amended by Pub. L. 99–120, §5(b), Oct. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 99–156, §5(b), Nov. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 99–219, §5(b), Dec. 26, 1985, 99 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 99–267, §5(b), Mar. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 75; Pub. L. 99–272, title III, §3011(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 106; Pub. L. 99–289, §1(b), May 2, 1986, 100 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 99–345, §1, June 24, 1986, 100 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 99–430, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 986; Pub. L. 100–122, §1, Sept. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 100–154, Nov. 5, 1987, 101 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 100–170, Nov. 17, 1987, 101 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 100–179, Dec. 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 1018; Pub. L. 100–200, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1327, which provided that the amendment made by paragraph (1), amending this section, shall apply only with respect to loan agreements entered into after September 30, 1982, and not later than March 15, 1988, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §161(c)(2), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1856.

Effective Date of 1981 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 371 of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3701 of this title.

Effective Date of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–117, title I, §105(b)(2), as added by Pub. L. 89–754, title X, §1001(3), Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1284, provided that: "The interest rate provided by the amendment made in paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall be applicable (A) with respect to any loan made on or after August 10, 1965, and (B) with respect to any loan made prior to such date if construction of the housing or related facilities to be assisted by such loan was not commenced prior to such date, and not completed prior to the filing of an application for the benefits of such interest rate."

Effective Date of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–723, §3(b), Sept. 28, 1962, 76 Stat. 670, provided that the amendments made by that section are effective with respect to applications for loans made under this section after Sept. 28, 1962.

Regulations

Pub. L. 106–74, title V, §502, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat. 1101, provided that: "The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall issue any regulations to carry out this title [see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 1701 of this title] and the amendments made by this title that the Secretary determines may or will affect tenants of federally assisted housing only after notice and opportunity for public comment in accordance with the procedure under section 553 of title 5, United States Code, applicable to substantive rules (notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section). Notice of such proposed rulemaking shall be provided by publication in the Federal Register. In issuing such regulations, the Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that such tenants are notified of, and provided an opportunity to participate in, the rulemaking, as required by such section 553."

Construction of 2022 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–328, div. AA, title VI, §601(i), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5548, provided that: "Nothing in the amendments made by this section [see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note above] shall be construed to preempt or limit the applicability of any State or local law relating to the installation and maintenance of smoke alarms in housing that requires standards that are more stringent than the standards described in the amendments made by this section."

Construction of 2020 Amendment

Nothing in amendment made by Pub. L. 116–260 to be construed to preempt or limit applicability of certain State or local laws relating to carbon monoxide devices, see section 101(j) of Pub. L. 116–260, set out as a note under section 1437a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Rental Assistance Contract Obligations

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title II, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3088, as amended by Pub. L. 112–10, div. B, title XII, §2256, Apr. 15, 2011, 125 Stat. 197, provided in part: "That amounts obligated for initial project rental assistance contracts from amounts appropriated in fiscal year 2003 and thereafter shall remain available for the purpose of paying such obligations incurred prior to the expiration of such amounts for a 10 year period following such expiration".

Intergenerational Housing Assistance

Pub. L. 108–186, title II, Dec. 16, 2003, 117 Stat. 2688, provided that:

"SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

"This title may be cited as the 'Living Equitably: Grandparents Aiding Children and Youth Act of 2003' or the 'LEGACY Act of 2003'.

"SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS.

"In this title:

"(1) Child.—The term 'child' means an individual who—

"(A) is not attending school and is not more than 18 years of age; or

"(B) is attending school and is not more than 19 years of age.

"(2) Covered family.—The term 'covered family' means a family that—

"(A) includes a child; and

"(B) has a head of household who is—

"(i) a grandparent of the child who is raising the child; or

"(ii) a relative of the child who is raising the child.

"(3) Elderly person.—The term 'elderly person' has the same meaning as in section 202(k) of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(k)).

"(4) Grandparent.—

"(A) In general.—The term 'grandparent' means, with respect to a child, an individual who is a grandparent or stepgrandparent of the child by blood or marriage, regardless of the age of such individual.

"(B) Case of adoption.—In the case of a child who was adopted, the term includes an individual who, by blood or marriage, is a grandparent or stepgrandparent of the child as adopted.

"(5) Intergenerational dwelling unit.—The term 'intergenerational dwelling unit' means a qualified dwelling unit that is reserved for occupancy only by an intergenerational family.

"(6) Intergenerational family.—The term 'intergenerational family' means a covered family that has a head of household who is an elderly person.

"(7) Private nonprofit organization.—The term 'private nonprofit organization' has the same meaning as in section 202(k) of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(k)).

"(8) Qualified dwelling unit.—The term 'qualified dwelling unit' means a dwelling unit that—

"(A) has not fewer than 2 separate bedrooms;

"(B) is equipped with design features appropriate to meet the special physical needs of elderly persons, as needed; and

"(C) is equipped with design features appropriate to meet the special physical needs of young children, as needed.

"(9) Raising a child.—The term 'raising a child' means, with respect to an individual, that the individual—

"(A) resides with the child; and

"(B) is the primary caregiver for the child—

"(i) because the biological or adoptive parents of the child do not reside with the child or are unable or unwilling to serve as the primary caregiver for the child; and

"(ii) regardless of whether the individual has a legal relationship to the child (such as guardianship or legal custody) or is caring for the child informally and has no such legal relationship with the child.

"(10) Relative.—

"(A) In general.—The term 'relative' means, with respect to a child, an individual who—

"(i) is not a parent of the child by blood or marriage; and

"(ii) is a relative of the child by blood or marriage, regardless of the age of the individual.

"(B) Case of adoption.—In the case of a child who was adopted, the term 'relative' includes an individual who, by blood or marriage, is a relative of the family who adopted the child.

"(11) Secretary.—The term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

"SEC. 203. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM FOR ELDERLY HOUSING FOR INTERGENERATIONAL FAMILIES.

"(a) Demonstration Program.—The Secretary shall carry out a demonstration program (referred to in this section as the 'demonstration program') to provide assistance for intergenerational dwelling units for intergenerational families in connection with the supportive housing program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q).

"(b) Intergenerational Dwelling Units.—The Secretary shall provide assistance under this section only to private nonprofit organizations selected under subsection (d) for use only for expanding the supply of intergenerational dwelling units, which units shall be provided—

"(1) by designating and retrofitting, for use as intergenerational dwelling units, existing dwelling units that are located within a project assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q);

"(2) through development of buildings or projects comprised solely of intergenerational dwelling units; or

"(3) through the development of an annex or addition to an existing project assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q), that contains intergenerational dwelling units, including through the development of elder cottage housing opportunity units that are small, freestanding, barrier free, energy efficient, removable dwelling units located adjacent to a larger project or dwelling.

"(c) Program Terms.—Assistance provided pursuant to this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q), except that—

"(1) notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) of that section 202 or any provision of that section restricting occupancy to elderly persons, any intergenerational dwelling unit assisted under the demonstration program may be occupied by an intergenerational family;

"(2) subsections (e) and (f) of that section 202 shall not apply;

"(3) in addition to the requirements under subsection (g) of that section 202, the Secretary shall—

"(A) ensure that occupants of intergenerational dwelling units assisted under the demonstration program are provided a range of services that are tailored to meet the needs of elderly persons, children, and intergenerational families; and

"(B) coordinate with the heads of other Federal agencies as may be appropriate to ensure the provision of such services; and

"(4) the Secretary may waive or alter any other provision of that section 202 necessary to provide for assistance under the demonstration program.

"(d) Selection.—The Secretary shall—

"(1) establish application procedures for private nonprofit organizations to apply for assistance under this section; and

"(2) to the extent that amounts are made available pursuant to subsection (f), select not less than 2 and not more than 4 projects that are assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q) for assistance under this section, based on the ability of the applicant to develop and operate intergenerational dwelling units and national geographical diversity among those projects funded.

"(e) Report.—Not later than 36 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2003], the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress that—

"(1) describes the demonstration program; and

"(2) analyzes the effectiveness of the demonstration program.

"(f) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 to carry out this section.

"(g) Sunset.—The demonstration program carried out under this section shall terminate 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

"SEC. 204. TRAINING FOR HUD PERSONNEL REGARDING GRANDPARENT-HEADED AND RELATIVE-HEADED FAMILIES ISSUES.

[Amended section 3535 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

"SEC. 205. STUDY OF HOUSING NEEDS OF GRANDPARENT-HEADED AND RELATIVE-HEADED FAMILIES.

"(a) In General.—The Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of the Census jointly shall—

"(1) conduct a study to determine an estimate of the number of covered families in the United States and their affordable housing needs; and

"(2) submit a report to Congress regarding the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).

"(b) Report and Recommendations.—The report required under subsection (a) shall—

"(1) be submitted to Congress not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2003]; and

"(2) include recommendations by the Secretary and the Director of the Bureau of the Census regarding how the major assisted housing programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, including the supportive housing for the elderly program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q) can be used and, if appropriate, amended or altered, to meet the affordable housing needs of covered families."

Prepayment and Refinancing

Pub. L. 106–569, title VIII, §811, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3019, as amended by Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §633(a), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2228; Pub. L. 111–372, title II, §§201–204, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4079–4081, provided that:

"(a) Approval of Prepayment of Debt.—Upon request of the project sponsor of a project assisted with a loan under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q](as in effect before the enactment of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, which was approved Nov. 28, 1990]), for which the Secretary's consent to prepayment is required,, [sic] the Secretary shall approve the prepayment of any indebtedness to the Secretary relating to any remaining principal and interest under the loan as part of a prepayment plan under which—

"(1) the project sponsor agrees to operate the project until at least 20 years following the maturity date of the original loan under terms at least as advantageous to existing and future tenants as the terms required by the original loan agreement or any project-based rental assistance payments contract under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] (or any other project-based rental housing assistance programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, including the rent supplement program under section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 (12 U.S.C. 1701s)), or any successor project-based rental assistance program, relating to the project; and

"(2) the prepayment may involve refinancing of the loan if such refinancing results in—

"(A) a lower interest rate on the principal of the loan for the project and in reductions in debt service related to such loan; or

"(B) a transaction in which the project owner will address the physical needs of the project, but only if, as a result of the refinancing—

"(i) the rent charges for unassisted families residing in the project do not increase or such families are provided rental assistance under a senior preservation rental assistance contract for the project pursuant to subsection (e); and

"(ii) the overall cost for providing rental assistance under section 8 for the project (if any) is not increased, except, upon approval by the Secretary to—

     "(I) mark-up-to-market contracts pursuant to section 524(a)(3) of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act [of 1997] [Pub. L. 105–65] (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), as such section is carried out by the Secretary for properties owned by nonprofit organizations; or

     "(II) mark-up-to-budget contracts pursuant to section 524(a)(4) of the Multifamily Assisted Housing Reform and Affordability Act (42 U.S.C. 1437f note), as such section is carried out by the Secretary for properties owned by eligible owners (as such term is defined in section 202(k) of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(k)); and

"(3) notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), the prepayment and refinancing authorized pursuant to paragraph (2)(B) involves an increase in debt service only in the case of a refinancing of a project assisted with a loan under such section 202 carrying an interest rate of 6 percent or lower.

"(b) Sources of Refinancing.—In the case of prepayment under this section involving refinancing, the project sponsor may refinance the project through any third party source, including financing by State and local housing finance agencies, use of tax-exempt bonds, multi-family mortgage insurance under the National Housing Act [12 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.], reinsurance, or other credit enhancements, including risk sharing as provided under section 542 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 [12 U.S.C. 1715z–22]([former] 12 U.S.C. 1707 note). For purposes of underwriting a loan insured under the National Housing Act, the Secretary may assume that any section 8 rental assistance contract relating to a project will be renewed for the term of such loan.

"(c) Use of Proceeds.—Upon execution of the refinancing for a project pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall ensure that proceeds are used in a manner advantageous to tenants of the project, or are used in the provision of affordable rental housing and related social services for elderly persons that are tenants of the project or are tenants of other HUD-assisted senior housing by the private nonprofit organization project owner, private nonprofit organization project sponsor, or private nonprofit organization project developer, including—

"(1) not more than 15 percent of the cost of increasing the availability or provision of supportive services, which may include the financing of service coordinators and congregate services, except that upon the request of the non-profit owner, sponsor, or organization and determination of the Secretary, such 15 percent limitation may be waived to ensure that the use of unexpended amounts better enables seniors to age in place;

"(2) rehabilitation, modernization, or retrofitting of structures, common areas, or individual dwelling units, including reducing the number of units by reconfiguring units that are functionally obsolete, unmarketable, or not economically viable;

"(3) construction of an addition or other facility in the project, including assisted living facilities (or, upon the approval of the Secretary, facilities located in the community where the project sponsor refinances a project under this section, or pools shared resources from more than one such project);

"(4) rent reduction of unassisted tenants residing in the project;

"(5) rehabilitation of the project to ensure long-term viability; and

"(6) the payment to the project owner, sponsor, or third party developer of a developer's fee in an amount not to exceed or duplicate—

"(A) in the case of a project refinanced through a State low income housing tax credit program, the fee permitted by the low income housing tax credit program as calculated by the State program as a percentage of acceptable development cost as defined by that State program; or

"(B) in the case of a project refinanced through any other source of refinancing, 15 percent of the acceptable development cost.

"For purposes of paragraph (6)(B), the term 'acceptable development cost' shall include, as applicable, the cost of acquisition, rehabilitation, loan prepayment, initial reserve deposits, and transaction costs.

"(d) Use of Certain Project Funds.—The Secretary shall allow a project sponsor that is prepaying and refinancing a project under this section—

"(1) to use any residual receipts held for that project in excess of $500 per individual dwelling unit for the cost of activities designed to increase the availability or provision of supportive services or other purposes approved by the Secretary; and

"(2) to use any reserves for replacement in excess of $1,000 per individual dwelling unit for activities described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c).

"(e) Senior Preservation Rental Assistance Contracts.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in connection with a prepayment plan for a project approved under subsection (a) by the Secretary or as otherwise approved by the Secretary to prevent displacement of elderly residents of the project in the case of refinancing or recapitalization and to further preservation and affordability of such project, the Secretary shall provide project-based rental assistance for the project under a senior preservation rental assistance contract, as follows:

"(1) Assistance under the contract shall be made available to the private nonprofit organization owner—

"(A) for a term of at least 20 years, subject to annual appropriations; and

"(B) under the same rules governing project-based rental assistance made available under section 8 of the Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] or under the rules of such assistance as may be made available for the project.

"(2) Any projects for which a senior preservation rental assistance contract is provided shall be subject to a use agreement to ensure continued project affordability having a term of the longer of (A) the term of the senior preservation rental assistance contract, or (B) such term as is required by the new financing.

"(f) Subordination or Assumption of Existing Debt.—In lieu of prepayment under this section of the indebtedness with respect to a project, the Secretary may approve—

"(1) in connection with new financing for the project, the subordination of the loan for the project under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q] (as in effect before the enactment of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, which was approved Nov. 28, 1990]) and the continued subordination of any other existing subordinate debt previously approved by the Secretary to facilitate preservation of the project as affordable housing; or

"(2) the assumption (which may include the subordination described in paragraph (1)) of the loan for the project under such section 202 in connection with the transfer of the project with such a loan to a private nonprofit organization.

"(g) Flexible Subsidy Debt.—The Secretary shall waive the requirement that debt for a project pursuant to the flexible subsidy program under section 201 of the Housing and Community Development Amendments of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 1715z–1a) be prepaid in connection with a prepayment, refinancing, or transfer under this section of a project if the financial transaction or refinancing cannot be completed without the waiver.

"(h) Tenant Involvement in Prepayment and Refinancing.—The Secretary shall not accept an offer to prepay the loan for any project under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 unless the Secretary—

"(1) has determined that the owner of the project has notified the tenants of the owner's request for approval of a prepayment; and

"(2) has determined that the owner of the project has provided the tenants with an opportunity to comment on the owner's request for approval of a prepayment, including on the description of any anticipated rehabilitation or other use of the proceeds from the transaction, and its impacts on project rents, tenant contributions, or the affordability restrictions for the project, and that the owner has responded to such comments in writing.

"(i) Definition of Private Nonprofit Organization.—For purposes of this section, the term 'private nonprofit organization' has the meaning given such term in section 202(k) of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q(k))."

[Pub. L. 111–372, title II, §203(2), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4081, which directed amendment of section 811(d)(1) of Pub. L. 106–569, set out above, by inserting before the period at the end "or other purposes approved by the Secretary", was executed by making the insertion before "; and" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[Pub. L. 107–116, title VI, §633(b), Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2228, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending section 811 of Pub. L. 106–569, set out above] shall take effect upon the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 10, 2002] and the provisions of section 811 of the American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000 (12 U.S.C. 1701q note), as amended by subsection (a) of this section, shall apply as so amended upon such date of enactment, notwithstanding—

["(1) any authority of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to issue regulations to implement or carry out the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section or the provisions of section 811 of the American Homeownership and Economic Opportunity Act of 2000 (12 U.S.C. 1701q note); or

["(2) any failure of the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to issue any such regulations authorized."]

Consideration of Costs of Providing Service Coordinators in Determining Amount of Housing Assistance

Pub. L. 102–550, title VI, §677(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3829, provided that:

"(1) Availability of section 8 assistance.—Subject to the availability of appropriations for contract amendments for the purpose of this paragraph, in determining the amount of assistance under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] to be provided for a project assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q], as in effect before the effectiveness of the amendments made by section 801 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [Pub. L. 101–625, see Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note above], the Secretary shall consider (and annually adjust for) the costs of—

"(A) employing or otherwise retaining the services of one or more service coordinators under section 661 [671] of this Act [42 U.S.C. 13631] to coordinate the provision of any services within the project for residents of the project who are elderly families and disabled families; and

"(B) expenses for the provision of such services.

Not more than 15 percent of the cost of the provision of services under subparagraph (B) may be considered under this paragraph for purposes of determining the amount of assistance provided.

"(2) Inapplicability of hud reform act provisions.—Notwithstanding section 102 of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989 [42 U.S.C. 3545], the provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) of such section shall not apply to amendments to contracts under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 made to carry out the purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection.

"(3) Limitation.—If a project is receiving congregate housing services assistance under the Congregate Housing Services Act of 1978 [42 U.S.C. 8001 et seq.] or section 802 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act [42 U.S.C. 8011], the amount of costs provided pursuant to paragraph (1) for the project may not exceed the additional amount necessary to cover the costs of providing for the coordination of services for residents of the project who are not eligible residents under such section 802 or eligible project residents under the Congregate Housing Services Act of 1978, as applicable."

Expedited Financing and Construction

Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §801(d), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4304, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriations for contract amendments for the purposes of this subsection—

"(A) provide such adjustments and waivers to the cost limitations specified under 24 CFR 885.410(a)(1); and

"(B) make such adjustments to the relevant fair market rent limitations established under section 8(c)(1) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)(1)] in providing assistance under such Act,

as are necessary to ensure the expedited financing and construction of qualified supportive housing for the elderly provided that the Secretary finds that any applicable cost containment rules and regulations have been satisfied.

"(2) Definition.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 'supportive housing for the elderly' means housing—

"(A) located in a high-cost jurisdiction; and

"(B) for which a loan reservation was made under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q], 3 years before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990] but for which no loan has been executed and recorded."

Feasibility of Including Elder Cottage Housing Opportunity Units as Eligible Development Costs

Pub. L. 101–625, title VIII, §806(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4323, as amended by Pub. L. 102–550, title VI, §602(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3804, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall carry out a program to determine the feasibility of including, as an eligible development cost under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q], the cost of purchasing and installing elder cottage housing opportunity units that are small, freestanding, barrier-free, energy efficient, removable, and designed to be installed adjacent to existing 1- to 4-family dwellings. In conducting the demonstration, the Secretary shall determine whether the durability of such units is appropriate for making such units generally eligible for assistance under the programs under such sections.

"(2) Allocation.—Notwithstanding any other law, the Secretary shall reserve from any amounts available for capital advances and project rental assistance under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959, amounts sufficient in each of fiscal years 1993 and 1994 to provide not less than 100 units under the demonstration under this subsection in connection with each such section. Any amounts reserved under this paragraph shall be available only for carrying out the demonstration under this subsection and, for purposes of the demonstration, the cost of purchasing and installing an elder cottage housing opportunity unit shall be considered an eligible development cost under sections [sic] 202 of the Housing Act of 1959.

"(3) Report.—Not later than January 1, 1994, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress on the results of the demonstration under this subsection, which shall be based on actual experience in implementing this subsection.

"(4) Implementation.—The Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out the demonstration under this subsection not later than the expiration of the 6-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 [Oct. 28, 1992]."

Preferences for Native Hawaiians on Hawaiian Home Lands Under HUD Programs

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to provide a preference to native Hawaiians for housing assistance programs under this section for housing located on Hawaiian home lands, see section 958 of Pub. L. 101–625, set out as a note under section 1437f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Findings and Purpose of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §162(a), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1856, provided that:

"(1) The Congress finds that—

"(A) housing for nonelderly handicapped families is assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q] and section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f];

"(B) the housing programs under such sections are designed and implemented primarily to assist rental housing for elderly and nonelderly families and are often inappropriate for dealing with the specialized needs of the physically impaired, the developmentally disabled, and the chronically mentally ill;

"(C) the development of housing for nonelderly handicapped families under such programs is often more expensive than necessary, thereby reducing the number of such families that can be assisted with available funds;

"(D) the program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 can continue to provide direct loans to finance group residences and independent apartments for nonelderly handicapped families, but can be made more efficient and less costly by the adoption of standards and procedures applicable only to housing for such families;

"(E) the cost containment policies currently being implemented in the development of small group homes (i) do not adequately reflect the necessity for building designs to meet the needs of the designated residents; and (ii) do not recognize necessary State and local standards for the operation of such homes;

"(F) the use of the program under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 to assist rentals for housing for nonelderly handicapped families is time consuming and unnecessarily costly and, in some areas of the Nation, prevents the development of such housing;

"(G) the use of the program under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 to assist rentals for housing for nonelderly handicapped families should be replaced by a more appropriate subsidy mechanism;

"(H) both elderly and handicapped housing projects assisted under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 will benefit from an increased emphasis on supportive services and a greater use of State and local funds; and

"(I) an improved program for nonelderly handicapped families will assist in providing shelter and supportive services for mentally ill persons who might otherwise be homeless.

"(2) The purpose of this section is to improve the direct loan program under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 to ensure that such program meets the special housing and related needs of nonelderly handicapped families."

Termination of Section 8 Assistance

Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §162(d), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1859, provided that: "On and after the first date that amounts approved in an appropriation Act for any fiscal year become available for contracts under section 202(h)(4)(A) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(h)(4)(A)], as amended by subsection (b) of this section, no project for handicapped (primarily nonelderly) families approved for such fiscal year pursuant to section 202 of such Act shall be provided assistance payments under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f], except pursuant to a reservation for a contract to make such assistance payments that was made before the first date that amounts for contracts under such section 202(h)(4)(A) became available."

Implementation of 1988 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–242, title I, §162(e), Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1859, provided that: "Not later than the expiration of the 120-day period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 5, 1988], the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall, to the extent amounts are approved in an appropriation Act for use under section 202(h)(4)(A) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(h)(4)(A)] for fiscal year 1988, publish in the Federal Register a notice of fund availability to implement the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section [amending this section and enacting and repealing provisions set out above]. The Secretary shall issue such rules as may be necessary to carry out such provisions and amendments for fiscal year 1989 and thereafter."

Housing for the Elderly or Handicapped Fund

Pub. L. 101–507, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1361, provided: "That, notwithstanding section 202(a)(3) of the Housing Act of 1959 [12 U.S.C. 1701q(a)(3)], any such obligations [direct loan obligations made in fiscal year 1991] shall bear an interest rate which does not exceed 9.25 per centum, including the allowance adequate in the judgment of the Secretary to cover administrative costs and probable losses under the program."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 101–144, title II, Nov. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 847.

Pub. L. 100–404, title I, Aug. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 1016.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(f) [title I], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–187, 1329–190.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(g) [H.R. 5313, title I], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–242, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(g), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–242.

Pub. L. 99–160, title I, Nov. 25, 1985, 99 Stat. 911.

Pub. L. 98–371, title I, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1216.

Pub. L. 98–45, title I, as added Pub. L. 98–181, title I, Nov. 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 1153.

Reports Respecting Elderly and Handicapped Housing Programs in Rural Areas, etc.

Pub. L. 96–153, title III, §306(e), (f), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1113, required Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, not later than six months after Dec. 21, 1979, to report to Congress on housing needs of elderly and handicapped in rural areas and recommend to Congress on means to reduce costs of program carried out under this section.

Feasibility and Marketability of Projects; Assistance for Projects Servicing Low- and Moderate-Income Families

Pub. L. 93–383, title II, §210(g), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 671, provided that:

"(1) In determining the feasibility and marketability of a project under section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 [this section], the Secretary shall consider the availability of monthly assistance payments pursuant to section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437f] with respect to such a project.

"(2) The Secretary shall insure that with the original approval of a project authorized pursuant to section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959, and thereafter at each annual revision of the assistance contract under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 with respect to units in such project, the project will serve both low- and moderate-income families in a mix which he determines to be appropriate for the area and for viable operation of the project; except that the Secretary shall not permit maintenance of vacancies to await tenants of one income level where tenants of another income level are available."

1 So in original. Probably should be "(n)".
12 U.S.C. § 3344 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 34A: APPRAISAL SUBCOMMITTEE OF FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL / Section 3344: Time for proposal and adoption of rules
Time for proposal and adoption of rules
Status: in_force

As appropriate, rules issued under sections 3342 and 3343 of this title shall be proposed not later than 6 months and shall be effective upon adoption in final form not later than 12 months after August 9, 1989.

(Pub. L. 101–73, title XI, §1115, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 515.)
12 U.S.C. § 5114 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 51: SECURE AND FAIR ENFORCEMENT FOR MORTGAGE LICENSING / Section 5114: State examination authority
State examination authority
Status: in_force

In addition to any authority allowed under State law a State licensing agency shall have the authority to conduct investigations and examinations as follows:

(1) For the purposes of investigating violations or complaints arising under this chapter, or for the purposes of examination, the State licensing agency may review, investigate, or examine any loan originator licensed or required to be licensed under this chapter, as often as necessary in order to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(2) Each such loan originator shall make available upon request to the State licensing agency the books and records relating to the operations of such originator. The State licensing agency may have access to such books and records and interview the officers, principals, loan originators, employees, independent contractors, agents, and customers of the licensee concerning their business.

(3) The authority of this section shall remain in effect, whether such a loan originator acts or claims to act under any licensing or registration law of such State, or claims to act without such authority.

(4) No person subject to investigation or examination under this section may knowingly withhold, abstract, remove, mutilate, destroy, or secrete any books, records, computer records, or other information.

(Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title V, §1515, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2823.)
12 U.S.C. § 5452 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter III: TRANSFER OF POWERS TO THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, THE CORPORATION, AND THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS / Section 5452: Office of Minority and Women Inclusion
Office of Minority and Women Inclusion
Status: in_force

(a) Office of Minority and Women Inclusion

(1) Establishment

(A) In general

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), not later than 6 months after July 21, 2010, each agency shall establish an Office of Minority and Women Inclusion that shall be responsible for all matters of the agency relating to diversity in management, employment, and business activities.

(B) Bureau

The Bureau shall establish an Office of Minority and Women Inclusion not later than 6 months after the designated transfer date established under section 5582 of this title.

(2) Transfer of responsibilities

Each agency that, on the day before July 21, 2010, assigned the responsibilities described in paragraph (1) (or comparable responsibilities) to another office of the agency shall ensure that such responsibilities are transferred to the Office.

(3) Duties with respect to civil rights laws

The responsibilities described in paragraph (1) do not include enforcement of statutes, regulations, or executive orders pertaining to civil rights, except each Director shall coordinate with the agency administrator, or the designee of the agency administrator, regarding the design and implementation of any remedies resulting from violations of such statutes, regulations, or executive orders.

(b) Director

(1) In general

The Director of each Office shall be appointed by, and shall report to, the agency administrator. The position of Director shall be a career reserved position in the Senior Executive Service, as that position is defined in section 3132 of title 5, or an equivalent designation.

(2) Duties

Each Director shall develop standards for—

(A) equal employment opportunity and the racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of the workforce and senior management of the agency;

(B) increased participation of minority-owned and women-owned businesses in the programs and contracts of the agency, including standards for coordinating technical assistance to such businesses; and

(C) assessing the diversity policies and practices of entities regulated by the agency.

(3) Other duties

Each Director shall advise the agency administrator on the impact of the policies and regulations of the agency on minority-owned and women-owned businesses.

(4) Rule of construction

Nothing in paragraph (2)(C) may be construed to mandate any requirement on or otherwise affect the lending policies and practices of any regulated entity, or to require any specific action based on the findings of the assessment.

(c) Inclusion in all levels of business activities

(1) In general

The Director of each Office shall develop and implement standards and procedures to ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the fair inclusion and utilization of minorities, women, and minority-owned and women-owned businesses in all business and activities of the agency at all levels, including in procurement, insurance, and all types of contracts.

(2) Contracts

The procedures established by each agency for review and evaluation of contract proposals and for hiring service providers shall include, to the extent consistent with applicable law, a component that gives consideration to the diversity of the applicant. Such procedure shall include a written statement, in a form and with such content as the Director shall prescribe, that a contractor shall ensure, to the maximum extent possible, the fair inclusion of women and minorities in the workforce of the contractor and, as applicable, subcontractors.

(3) Termination

(A) Determination

The standards and procedures developed and implemented under this subsection shall include a procedure for the Director to make a determination whether an agency contractor, and, as applicable, a subcontractor has failed to make a good faith effort to include minorities and women in their workforce.

(B) Effect of determination

(i) Recommendation to agency administrator

Upon a determination described in subparagraph (A), the Director shall make a recommendation to the agency administrator that the contract be terminated.

(ii) Action by agency administrator

Upon receipt of a recommendation under clause (i), the agency administrator may—

(I) terminate the contract;

(II) make a referral to the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs of the Department of Labor; or

(III) take other appropriate action.

(d) Applicability

This section shall apply to all contracts of an agency for services of any kind, including the services of financial institutions, investment banking firms, mortgage banking firms, asset management firms, brokers, dealers, financial services entities, underwriters, accountants, investment consultants, and providers of legal services. The contracts referred to in this subsection include all contracts for all business and activities of an agency, at all levels, including contracts for the issuance or guarantee of any debt, equity, or security, the sale of assets, the management of the assets of the agency, the making of equity investments by the agency, and the implementation by the agency of programs to address economic recovery.

(e) Reports

Each Office shall submit to Congress an annual report regarding the actions taken by the agency and the Office pursuant to this section, which shall include—

(1) a statement of the total amounts paid by the agency to contractors since the previous report;

(2) the percentage of the amounts described in paragraph (1) that were paid to contractors described in subsection (c)(1);

(3) the successes achieved and challenges faced by the agency in operating minority and women outreach programs;

(4) the challenges the agency may face in hiring qualified minority and women employees and contracting with qualified minority-owned and women-owned businesses; and

(5) any other information, findings, conclusions, and recommendations for legislative or agency action, as the Director determines appropriate.

(f) Diversity in agency workforce

Each agency shall take affirmative steps to seek diversity in the workforce of the agency at all levels of the agency in a manner consistent with applicable law. Such steps shall include—

(1) recruiting at historically black colleges and universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, women's colleges, and colleges that typically serve majority minority populations;

(2) sponsoring and recruiting at job fairs in urban communities;

(3) placing employment advertisements in newspapers and magazines oriented toward minorities and women;

(4) partnering with organizations that are focused on developing opportunities for minorities and women to place talented young minorities and women in industry internships, summer employment, and full-time positions;

(5) where feasible, partnering with inner-city high schools, girls' high schools, and high schools with majority minority populations to establish or enhance financial literacy programs and provide mentoring; and

(6) any other mass media communications that the Office determines necessary.

(g) Definitions

For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Agency

The term "agency" means—

(A) the Departmental Offices of the Department of the Treasury;

(B) the Corporation;

(C) the Federal Housing Finance Agency;

(D) each of the Federal reserve banks;

(E) the Board;

(F) the National Credit Union Administration;

(G) the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;

(H) the Commission; and

(I) the Bureau.

(2) Agency administrator

The term "agency administrator" means the head of an agency.

(3) Minority

The term "minority" has the same meaning as in section 1204(c) of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. 1811 note).

(4) Minority-owned business

The term "minority-owned business" has the same meaning as in section 1441a(r)(4)(A) of this title, as in effect on the day before the transfer date.

(5) Office

The term "Office" means the Office of Minority and Women Inclusion established by an agency under subsection (a).

(6) Women-owned business

The term "women-owned business" has the meaning given the term "women's business" in section 1441a(r)(4)(B) of this title, as in effect on the day before the transfer date.

(Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §342, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1541.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1204(c) of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, referred to in subsec. (g)(3), is section 1204(c) of Pub. L. 101–73, which is set out as a note under section 1811 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 375b (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 3: FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM / Subchapter X: POWERS AND DUTIES OF MEMBER BANKS / Section 375b: Extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders of member banks
Extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders of member banks
Status: in_force

(1) In general

No member bank may extend credit to any of its executive officers, directors, or principal shareholders, or to any related interest of such a person, except to the extent permitted under paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6).

(2) Preferential terms prohibited

(A) In general

A member bank may extend credit to its executive officers, directors, or principal shareholders, or to any related interest of such a person, only if the extension of credit—

(i) is made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions by the bank with persons who are not executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, or employees of the bank;

(ii) does not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and

(iii) the bank follows credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than those applicable to comparable transactions by the bank with persons who are not executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, or employees of the bank.

(B) Exception

Nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit any extension of credit made pursuant to a benefit or compensation program—

(i) that is widely available to employees of the member bank; and

(ii) that does not give preference to any officer, director, or principal shareholder of the member bank, or to any related interest of such person, over other employees of the member bank.

(3) Prior approval required

A member bank may extend credit to a person described in paragraph (1) in an amount that, when aggregated with the amount of all other outstanding extensions of credit by that bank to each such person and that person's related interests, would exceed an amount prescribed by regulation of the appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in section 1813 of this title) only if—

(A) the extension of credit has been approved in advance by a majority vote of that bank's entire board of directors; and

(B) the interested party has abstained from participating, directly or indirectly, in the deliberations or voting on the extension of credit.

(4) Aggregate limit on extensions of credit to any executive officer, director, or principal shareholder

A member bank may extend credit to any executive officer, director, or principal shareholder, or to any related interest of such a person, only if the extension of credit is in an amount that, when aggregated with the amount of all outstanding extensions of credit by that bank to that person and that person's related interests, would not exceed the limits on loans to a single borrower established by section 84 of this title. For purposes of this paragraph, section 84 of this title shall be deemed to apply to a State member bank as if the State member bank were a national banking association.

(5) Aggregate limit on extensions of credit to all executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders

(A) In general

A member bank may extend credit to any executive officer, director, or principal shareholder, or to any related interest of such a person, if the extension of credit is in an amount that, when aggregated with the amount of all outstanding extensions of credit by that bank to its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and those persons' related interests would not exceed the bank's unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus.

(B) More stringent limit authorized

The Board may, by regulation, prescribe a limit that is more stringent than that contained in subparagraph (A).

(C) Board may make exceptions for certain banks

The Board may, by regulation, make exceptions to subparagraph (A) for member banks with less than $100,000,000 in deposits if the Board determines that the exceptions are important to avoid constricting the availability of credit in small communities or to attract directors to such banks. In no case may the aggregate amount of all outstanding extensions of credit to a bank's executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, and those persons' related interests be more than 2 times the bank's unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus.

(6) Overdrafts by executive officers and directors prohibited

(A) In general

If any executive officer or director has an account at the member bank, the bank may not pay on behalf of that person an amount exceeding the funds on deposit in the account.

(B) Exceptions

Subparagraph (A) does not prohibit a member bank from paying funds in accordance with—

(i) a written preauthorized, interest-bearing extension of credit specifying a method of repayment; or

(ii) a written preauthorized transfer of funds from another account of the executive officer or director at that bank.

(7) Prohibition on knowingly receiving unauthorized extension of credit

No executive officer, director, or principal shareholder shall knowingly receive (or knowingly permit any of that person's related interests to receive) from a member bank, directly or indirectly, any extension of credit not authorized under this section.

(8) Executive officer, director, or principal shareholder of certain affiliates treated as executive officer, director, or principal shareholder of member bank

(A) In general

For purposes of this section, any executive officer, director, or principal shareholder (as the case may be) of any company of which the member bank is a subsidiary, or of any other subsidiary of that company, shall be deemed to be an executive officer, director, or principal shareholder (as the case may be) of the member bank.

(B) Exception

The Board may, by regulation, make exceptions to subparagraph (A) for any executive officer or director of a subsidiary of a company that controls the member bank if—

(i) the executive officer or director does not have authority to participate, and does not participate, in major policymaking functions of the member bank; and

(ii) the assets of such subsidiary do not exceed 10 percent of the consolidated assets of a company that controls the member bank and such subsidiary (and is not controlled by any other company).

(9) Definitions

For purposes of this section:

(A) Company

(i) In general

Except as provided in clause (ii), the term "company" means any corporation, partnership, business or other trust, association, joint venture, pool syndicate, sole proprietorship, unincorporated organization, or other business entity.

(ii) Exceptions

The term "company" does not include—

(I) an insured depository institution (as defined in section 1813 of this title); or

(II) a corporation the majority of the shares of which are owned by the United States or by any State.

(B) Control

A person controls a company or bank if that person, directly or indirectly, or acting through or in concert with 1 or more persons—

(i) owns, controls, or has the power to vote 25 percent or more of any class of the company's voting securities;

(ii) controls in any manner the election of a majority of the company's directors; or

(iii) has the power to exercise a controlling influence over the company's management or policies.

(C) Executive officer

A person is an "executive officer" of a company or bank if that person participates or has authority to participate (other than as a director) in major policymaking functions of the company or bank.

(D) Extension of credit

(i) In general

A member bank extends credit to a person by—

(I) making or renewing any loan, granting a line of credit, or entering into any similar transaction as a result of which the person becomes obligated (directly or indirectly, or by any means whatsoever) to pay money or its equivalent to the bank; or

(II) having credit exposure to the person arising from a derivative transaction (as defined in section 84(b) of this title), repurchase agreement, reverse repurchase agreement, securities lending transaction, or securities borrowing transaction between the member bank and the person.

(ii) Exceptions

The Board may, by regulation, make exceptions to clause (i) for transactions that the Board determines pose minimal risk.

(E) Member bank

The term "member bank" includes any subsidiary of a member bank.

(F) Principal shareholder

The term "principal shareholder"—

(i) means any person that directly or indirectly, or acting through or in concert with one or more persons, owns, controls, or has the power to vote more than 10 percent of any class of voting securities of a member bank or company; and

(ii) does not include a company of which a member bank is a subsidiary.

(G) Related interest

A "related interest" of a person is—

(i) any company controlled by that person; and

(ii) any political or campaign committee that is controlled by that person or the funds or services of which will benefit that person.

(H) Subsidiary

The term "subsidiary" has the same meaning as in section 1841 of this title.

(10) Board's rulemaking authority

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may prescribe such regulations, including definitions of terms, as it determines to be necessary to effectuate the purposes and prevent evasions of this section.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §22(h), as added Pub. L. 95–630, title I, §104, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3644; amended Pub. L. 97–320, title IV, §§410(e), 422, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1520, 1522; Pub. L. 102–242, title III, §306(a)–(h), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2355, 2357–2359; Pub. L. 102–550, title IX, §955, title XVI, §1605(a)(10), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3895, 4086; Pub. L. 103–325, title III, §334(b), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2233; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §2211, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–410; Pub. L. 111–203, title VI, §614(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1614.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 22(h) of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, as added June 19, 1934, ch. 653, §3, 48 Stat. 1107, was classified to section 596 of this title, prior to repeal by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948.

Amendments

2010—Subsec. (9)(D)(i). Pub. L. 111–203 substituted "extends credit to a person by—" for "extends credit by making", inserted "(I) making" before "or renewing", substituted "which the person" for "which a person" and "the bank; or" for "the bank.", and added subcl. (II).

1996—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 104–208, §2211(a)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, redesignated former subpars. (A) to (C) as cls. (i) to (iii), respectively, and adjusted margins.

Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 104–208, §2211(a)(3), added subpar. (B). Former subpar. (B) redesignated cl. (ii) of subpar. (A).

Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 104–208, §2211(a)(1), redesignated subpar. (C) as cl. (iii) of subpar. (A).

Par. (8)(B). Pub. L. 104–208, §2211(b), amended heading and text of subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Board may, by regulation, make exceptions to subparagraph (A), except as that subparagraph makes applicable paragraph (2), for an executive officer or director of a subsidiary of a company that controls the member bank, if that executive officer or director does not have authority to participate, and does not participate, in major policymaking functions of the member bank."

1994—Par. (8). Pub. L. 103–325 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

1992—Par. (6)(B)(i). Pub. L. 102–550, §1605(a)(10), substituted "or" for "and" at end.

Par. (9)(D). Pub. L. 102–550, §955(a), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted heading, and added cl. (ii).

Par. (9)(F). Pub. L. 102–550, §955(b), designated portion of existing provisions as cl. (i), realigned margin, substituted "; and" for period at end, and added cl. (ii).

1991—Pub. L. 102–242, §306(a), amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders of member banks for provisions relating to prohibitions respecting loans and extensions of credit to executive officers and directors of banks, political or campaign committees, etc.

Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(d)(2), inserted "(5)," after "(4),".

Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(b), added subpar. (C).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(c), inserted ", director," after "executive officer" in heading and text.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(d)(1), added par. (5).

Par. (7). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(e), added par. (7).

Par. (8). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(f), struck out "bank holding" before "company of which the member".

Par. (9)(E). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(g), added subpar. (E).

Par. (9)(F). Pub. L. 102–242, §306(h), struck out last sentence of subpar. (F) which read as follows: "For purposes of paragraph (4), if a member bank has its main banking office in a city, town, or village with a population of less than 30,000, the preceding sentence shall apply with '18 percent' substituted for '10 percent'."

1982—Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–320, §422, substituted "an amount prescribed in a regulation of the appropriate Federal banking agency" for "$25,000".

Par. (6)(C) to (F). Pub. L. 97–320, §410(e), redesignated subpars. (D) to (G) as (C) to (F), respectively. Former subpar. (C), relating to definition of term "extension of credit", was struck out.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–203, title VI, §614(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1614, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the transfer date."

[For definition of "transfer date" as used in section 614(b) of Pub. L. 111–203, set out above, see section 5301 of this title.]

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by section 1605(a)(10) of Pub. L. 102–550 effective as if included in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–242, as of Dec. 19, 1991, see section 1609 of Pub. L. 102–550, set out as a note under section 191 of this title.

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–242, title III, §306(l), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2360, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1468, 1828, and 1972 of this title] shall become effective upon the earlier of—

"(1) the date on which final regulations under subsection (m)(1) [set out below] become effective [May 18, 1992, see 57 F.R. 22417]; or

"(2) 150 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1991]."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 95–630, title XXI, §2101, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3741, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided herein, this Act [see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note set out under section 226 of this title] shall take effect upon the expiration of one hundred and twenty days after the date of its enactment [Nov. 10, 1978]."

Regulations

Pub. L. 102–242, title III, §306(m), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2360, provided that:

"(1) In general.—The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System shall, not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1991], promulgate final regulations to implement the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1468, 1828, and 1972 of this title], other than the amendments made by subsections (i) and (k) [amending sections 1468 and 1828 of this title].

"(2) Limiting extensions of credit to executive officers.—The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision shall each, not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, promulgate final regulations prescribing the maximum amount that a nonmember insured bank or insured savings association (as the case may be) may lend under section 22(g)(4) of the Federal Reserve Act [12 U.S.C. 375a(4)], as made applicable to those institutions by subsections (k) and (i), respectively."

Existing Transactions Not Affected by 1991 Amendments

Pub. L. 102–242, title III, §306(n), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2360, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 1468, 1828, and 1972 of this title] do not affect the validity of any extension of credit or other transaction lawfully entered into on or before the effective date of those amendments [see Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note above]."

Reporting of Credit by Executive Officers and Directors

Pub. L. 102–242, title III, §306(o), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2360, provided that: "An executive officer or director of an insured depository institution, a bank holding company, or a savings and loan holding company, the shares of which are not publicly traded, shall report annually to the board of directors of the institution or holding company the outstanding amount of any credit that was extended to such executive officer or director and that is secured by shares of the institution or holding company."
12 U.S.C. § 544 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 4: TAXATION / Subchapter II: NATIONAL BANK CIRCULATION / Section 544: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 544, R.S. §5215; act Mar. 3, 1883, ch. 121, §1, 22 Stat. 488, related to half-yearly return of circulation.

Section 545, R.S. §5216; act Mar. 3, 1883, ch. 121, §1, 22 Stat. 488, related to penalty for failure to make return.

Section 546, R.S. §5217, related to enforcing tax on circulation.

Section 547, R.S. §5218; act June 10, 1921, ch. 18, §304, 42 Stat. 24, related to refunding excess tax.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Repeals

Effective July 1, 1935, the permanent appropriation provided for in former section 547 of this title was repealed by act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, §2, 48 Stat. 1226, such act authorizing in lieu thereof, an annual appropriation from the general fund of the Treasury.

Redemption of Bonds; Termination of Circulating Notes

In a communication from the Treasury Department dated February 17, 1941, it was stated "The Secretary of the Treasury called for redemption the only outstanding issues of United States bonds bearing the circulation privilege as follows:

"2% Consols. of 1930, as of July 1, 1935,

"2% Panama Canal bonds of 1916–36, and

"2% Panama Canal bonds of 1918–38, as of August 1, 1935.

"The retirement of these issues automatically put an end to National Bank note circulation and the collection of the tax thereon."
12 U.S.C. § 623 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 6: FOREIGN BANKING / Subchapter II: ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIONS TO DO FOREIGN BANKING / Section 623: Voluntary liquidation
Voluntary liquidation
Status: in_force

Any corporation organized under this subchapter may go into voluntary liquidation and be closed by a vote of its shareholders owning two-thirds of its stock.

(Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §25A (par.), formerly §25(a), as added Dec. 24, 1919, ch. 18, 41 Stat. 378; renumbered §25A, Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §142(e)(2), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2281.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Any corporation organized under this subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "Any such corporation".

Codification

Section is comprised of par. 15 (undesignated) of section 25A of act Dec. 23, 1913, which comprises this subchapter. For complete classification of section 25A of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 611 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 1463 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 12: SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS / Section 1463: Supervision of savings associations
Supervision of savings associations
Status: in_force

(a) Savings associations

(1) Examination and safe and sound operation

(A) Federal savings associations

The Comptroller shall provide for the examination and safe and sound operation of Federal savings associations.

(B) State savings associations

The Corporation shall provide for the examination and safe and sound operation of State savings associations.

(2) Regulations for savings associations

The Comptroller may prescribe regulations with respect to savings associations, as the Comptroller determines to be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(3) Safe and sound housing credit to be encouraged

The Comptroller and the Corporation shall exercise all powers granted to the Comptroller and the Corporation under this chapter so as to encourage savings associations to provide credit for housing safely and soundly.

(b) Accounting and disclosure

(1) In general

The Comptroller shall, by regulation, prescribe uniform accounting and disclosure standards for savings associations, to be used in determining savings associations' compliance with all applicable regulations.

(2) Specific requirements for accounting standards

Subject to section 1464(t) of this title, the uniform accounting standards prescribed under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) incorporate generally accepted accounting principles to the same degree that such principles are used to determine compliance with regulations prescribed by the Federal banking agencies; and

(B) allow for no deviation from full compliance with such standards as are in effect after December 31, 1993.

(3) Authority to prescribe more stringent accounting standards

The Comptroller may at any time prescribe accounting standards more stringent than required under paragraph (2) if the Comptroller determines that the more stringent standards are necessary to ensure the safe and sound operation of savings associations.

(c) Stringency of standards

The regulations of the Comptroller and the policies of the Comptroller and the Corporation governing the safe and sound operation of savings associations, including regulations and policies governing asset classification and appraisals, shall be no less stringent than those established by the Comptroller for national banks.

(d) Investment of certain funds in accounts of savings associations

The savings accounts and share accounts of savings associations insured by the Corporation shall be lawful investments and may be accepted as security for all public funds of the United States, fiduciary and trust funds under the authority or control of the United States or any officer thereof, and for the funds of all corporations organized under the laws of the United States (subject to any regulatory authority otherwise applicable), regardless of any limitation of law upon the investment of any such funds or upon the acceptance of security for the investment or deposit of any of such funds.

(e) Participation by savings associations in lotteries and related activities

(1) Participation prohibited

No savings association may—

(A) deal in lottery tickets;

(B) deal in bets used as a means or substitute for participation in a lottery;

(C) announce, advertise, or publicize the existence of any lottery; or

(D) announce, advertise, or publicize the existence or identity of any participant or winner, as such, in a lottery.

(2) Use of facilities prohibited

No savings association may permit—

(A) the use of any part of any of its own offices by any person for any purpose forbidden to the institution under paragraph (1); or

(B) direct access by the public from any of its own offices to any premises used by any person for any purpose forbidden to the institution under paragraph (1).

(3) Definitions

For purposes of this subsection—

(A) Deal in

The term "deal in" includes making, taking, buying, selling, redeeming, or collecting.

(B) Lottery

The term "lottery" includes any arrangement, other than a savings promotion raffle, under which—

(i) 3 or more persons (hereafter in this subparagraph referred to as the "participants") advance money or credit to another in exchange for the possibility or expectation that 1 or more but not all of the participants (hereafter in this paragraph referred to as the "winners") will receive by reason of those participants' advances more than the amounts those participants have advanced; and

(ii) the identity of the winners is determined by any means which includes—

(I) a random selection;

(II) a game, race, or contest; or

(III) any record or tabulation of the result of 1 or more events in which any participant has no interest except for the bearing that event has on the possibility that the participant may become a winner.

(C) Lottery ticket

The term "lottery ticket" includes any right, privilege, or possibility (and any ticket, receipt, record, or other evidence of any such right, privilege, or possibility) of becoming a winner in a lottery.

(D) Savings promotion raffle

The term "savings promotion raffle" means a contest in which the sole consideration required for a chance of winning designated prizes is obtained by the deposit of a specified amount of money in a savings account or other savings program, where each ticket or entry has an equal chance of being drawn, such contest being subject to regulations that may from time to time be promulgated by the appropriate prudential regulator (as defined in section 5481 of this title).

(4) Exception for State lotteries

Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply with respect to any savings association accepting funds from, or performing any lawful services for, any State operating a lottery, or any officer or employee of such a State who is charged with administering the lottery.

(5) Regulations

The Comptroller shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to provide for enforcement of this subsection and to prevent any evasion of any provision of this subsection.

(f) Federally related mortgage loan disclosures

A savings association may not make a federally related mortgage loan to an agent, trustee, nominee, or other person acting in a fiduciary capacity without requiring that the identity of the person receiving the beneficial interest of such loan shall at all times be revealed to the savings association. At the request of the appropriate Federal banking agency, the savings association shall report to the appropriate Federal banking agency the identity of such person and the nature and amount of the loan.

(g) Preemption of State usury laws

(1) Notwithstanding any State law, a savings association may charge interest on any extension of credit at a rate of not more than 1 percent in excess of the discount rate on 90-day commercial paper in effect at the Federal Reserve bank in the Federal Reserve district in which such savings association is located or at the rate allowed by the laws of the State in which such savings association is located, whichever is greater.

(2) If the rate prescribed in paragraph (1) exceeds the rate such savings association would be permitted to charge in the absence of this subsection, the receiving or charging a greater rate of interest than that prescribed by paragraph (1), when knowingly done, shall be deemed a forfeiture of the entire interest which the extension of credit carries with it, or which has been agreed to be paid thereon. If such greater rate of interest has been paid, the person who paid it may recover, in a civil action commenced in a court of appropriate jurisdiction not later than 2 years after the date of such payment, an amount equal to twice the amount of the interest paid from the savings association taking or receiving such interest.

(h) Form and maturity of securities

No savings association shall—

(1) issue securities which guarantee a definite maturity except with the specific approval of the appropriate Federal banking agency, or

(2) issue any securities the form of which has not been approved by the appropriate Federal banking agency.

(June 13, 1933, ch. 64, §4, as added Pub. L. 101–73, title III, §301, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 280; amended Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §369(4), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1558; Pub. L. 113–251, §3(d), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2889.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1463, acts June 13, 1933, ch. 64, §4, 48 Stat. 129; Apr. 27, 1934, ch. 168, §§1(a), 2–4, 13, 48 Stat. 643–645, 647; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, title V, §§506, 508(b), 48 Stat. 1263, 1264; May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §§10–17(a), 49 Stat. 296, 297; Aug. 11, 1939, ch. 684, 53 Stat. 1403; Oct. 24, 1942, ch. 621, 56 Stat. 986; June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(f), 61 Stat. 206, related to creation of Home Owners' Loan Corporation, for appointment and compensation of its board of directors, for appointment and compensation of its employees, and for other powers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 648.

A prior section 1463a, act Apr. 27, 1934, ch. 168, §1(b), 48 Stat. 644, provided that amendments made to subsec. (c) of former section 1463 of this title, except with respect to refunding, by act Apr. 27, 1934, should not apply to any bonds prior to Apr. 27, 1934, issued under subsec. (c), or to any bonds thereafter issued in compliance with commitments of the Corporation outstanding on Apr. 27, 1934.

A prior section 1463b, act Apr. 27, 1934, ch. 168, §9, 48 Stat. 646, related to purchase of obligations of, and loans to, Federal Home Loan Banks, prior to repeal by act May 28, 1935, ch. 150, §17(b), 49 Stat. 297.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (e)(3)(B). Pub. L. 113–251, §3(d)(1), inserted ", other than a savings promotion raffle," after "arrangement" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(3)(D). Pub. L. 113–251, §3(d)(2), added subpar. (D).

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(A)(i), struck out "Federal" before "savings" in heading.

Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(A)(ii), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

"(1) In general.—The Director shall provide for the examination, safe and sound operation, and regulation of savings associations.

"(2) Regulations.—The Director may issue such regulations as the Director determines to be appropriate to carry out the responsibilities of the Director or the Office."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(A)(iii), substituted "Comptroller and the Corporation" for "Director" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(B)(ii), substituted "Comptroller" for "Director" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(B)(i), inserted "and" at end of subpar. (A), substituted a period for "; and" at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: "prior to January 1, 1994, require full compliance by savings associations with accounting standards in effect at any time before such date not later than provided under the schedule in section 563.23–3 of title 12, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on May 1, 1989)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(C), substituted "The regulations of the Comptroller and the policies of the Comptroller and the Corporation" for "All regulations and policies of the Director" and struck out "of the Currency" before "for national".

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(D), substituted "Comptroller" for "Director".

Subsecs. (f), (h). Pub. L. 111–203, §369(4)(E), (F), substituted "appropriate Federal banking agency" for "Director" in two places.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

Preserving Minority Ownership of Minority Financial Institutions

Pub. L. 101–73, title III, §308, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 353, as amended by Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §367(4), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1556, provided that:

"(a) Consultation on Methods.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall consult with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Chairman of the National Credit Union Administration, and the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation on methods for best achieving the following goals:

"(1) Preserving the present number of minority depository institutions.

"(2) Preserving their minority character in cases involving mergers or acquisition of a minority depository institution by using general preference guidelines in the following order:

"(A) Same type of minority depository institution in the same city.

"(B) Same type of minority depository institution in the same State.

"(C) Same type of minority depository institution nationwide.

"(D) Any type of minority depository institution in the same city.

"(E) Any type of minority depository institution in the same State.

"(F) Any type of minority depository institution nationwide.

"(G) Any other bidders.

"(3) Providing technical assistance to prevent insolvency of institutions not now insolvent.

"(4) Promoting and encouraging creation of new minority depository institutions.

"(5) Providing for training, technical assistance, and educational programs.

"(b) Definitions.—For purposes of this section—

"(1) Minority financial institution.—The term 'minority depository institution' means any depository institution that—

"(A) if a privately owned institution, 51 percent is owned by one or more socially and economically disadvantaged individuals;

"(B) if publicly owned, 51 percent of the stock is owned by one or more socially and economically disadvantaged individuals; and

"(C) in the case of a mutual institution where the majority of the Board of Directors, account holders, and the community which it services is predominantly minority.

"(2) Minority.—The term 'minority' means any black American, Native American, Hispanic American, or Asian American.

"(c) Reports.—The Secretary of the Treasury, the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Chairman of the National Credit Union Administration, and the Chairperson of Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation shall each submit an annual report to the Congress containing a description of actions taken to carry out this section."

Abolition of Home Owners' Loan Corporation

Act June 30, 1953, ch. 170, §21, 67 Stat. 126, provided for dissolution and abolition of Home Owners' Loan Corporation established by former section 1463 of this title.
12 U.S.C. § 203 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 2: NATIONAL BANKS / Subchapter XIV: BANK CONSERVATION ACT / Section 203: Appointment of conservator
Appointment of conservator
Status: in_force

(a) Appointment

The Comptroller of the Currency may, without prior notice or hearings, appoint a conservator (which may be the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) to the possession and control of a bank whenever the Comptroller of the Currency determines that 1 or more of the grounds specified in section 11(c)(5) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1821(c)(5)] exist.

(b) Judicial review

(1) In general

Not later than 20 days after the initial appointment of a conservator pursuant to this section, the bank may bring an action in the United States district court for the judicial district in which the home office of such bank is located, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, for an order requiring the Comptroller to terminate the appointment of the conservator, and the court, upon the merits, shall dismiss such action or shall direct the Comptroller to terminate the appointment of such conservator. The Comptroller's decision to appoint a conservator pursuant to this section shall be set aside only if the court finds that such decision was arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.

(2) Stay

The conservator may request that any judicial action or proceeding to which the conservator or the bank is or may become a party be stayed for a period of up to 45 days after the appointment of the conservator. Upon petition, the court shall grant such stay as to all parties.

(3) Actions and orders

Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, no court may take any action regarding the removal of a conservator, or restrain, or affect the exercise of powers or functions of a conservator. A court, upon application by the Comptroller, shall have jurisdiction to enforce an order of the Comptroller relating to—

(A) the conservatorship and the bank in conservatorship, or

(B) restraining or affecting the exercise of powers or functions of a conservator.

(c) Additional grounds for appointment

In addition to the foregoing provisions, the Comptroller may appoint a conservator for a bank if—

(1) the bank, by an affirmative vote of a majority of its board of directors or by an affirmative vote of a majority of its shareholders, consents to such appointment, or

(2) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation terminates the bank's status as an insured bank.

The appointment of a conservator pursuant to this subsection shall not be subject to review.

(d) Exclusive authority

The Comptroller shall have exclusive power and jurisdiction to appoint a conservator for a bank. Whenever the Comptroller appoints a conservator for any bank, the Comptroller may appoint the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation conservator for such bank. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as such conservator, shall have all the powers granted under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1811 et seq.], and (when not inconsistent therewith) any other rights, powers, and privileges possessed by conservators of banks under this Act and any other provision of law. The Comptroller may also appoint another person as conservator, who shall be subject to the provisions of this Act.

(e) Replacement of conservator

The Comptroller may, without notice or hearing, replace a conservator with another conservator. Such replacement shall not affect the bank's right under subsection (b) to obtain judicial review of the Comptroller's original decision to appoint a conservator.

(Mar. 9, 1933, ch. 1, title II, §203, 48 Stat. 2; Pub. L. 101–73, title VIII, §802, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 442; Pub. L. 102–242, title I, §133(c), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2271.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Sept. 21, 1950, ch. 967, §2, 64 Stat. 873, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§1811 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1811 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Mar. 9, 1933, ch. 1, 48 Stat. 1, popularly known as the Emergency Banking and Bank Conservation Act, which is classified to sections 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, 95, 201 to 212, 248, 347b, 347c, 347d, 445 of this title and to section 4305 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and classified as a note under section 4305 of Title 50.

Section 51d of this title was repealed by act June 30, 1947, ch. 166, title II, §206(b), (o), 61 Stat. 208. For effect of the repeal on outstanding debentures held by banks, see References in Text note set out under section 51b–1 of this title.

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–242 amended subsec. (a) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which specified circumstances under which Comptroller could appoint conservator.

1989—Pub. L. 101–73 amended section generally, changing structure of section from a single unlettered paragraph to one consisting of subsections (a) to (e).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–242 effective 1 year after Dec. 19, 1991, see section 133(g) of Pub. L. 102–242, set out as a note under section 191 of this title.

Executive Documents

Exception as to Transfer of Functions

Functions vested by any provision of law in Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, not included in transfer of functions to Secretary of the Treasury, see note set out under section 1 of this title.

Conservators of State Banks

Ex. Ord. No. 6080, Mar. 18, 1933, provided for appointment of conservators of State banks under certain regulations.
12 U.S.C. § 1755 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 14: FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1755: Fees
Fees
Status: in_force

(a) Payment by Federal credit union to Administration

In accordance with rules prescribed by the Board, each Federal credit union shall pay to the Administration an annual operating fee which may be composed of one or more charges identified as to the function or functions for which assessed.

(b) Determinations of amount, assessment periods, and payment dates

The fee assessed under this section shall be determined according to a schedule, or schedules, or other method determined by the Board to be appropriate, which gives due consideration to the expenses of the Administration in carrying out its responsibilities under this chapter and to the ability of Federal credit unions to pay the fee. The Board shall, among other things, determine the periods for which the fee shall be assessed and the date or dates for the payment of the fee or increments thereof.

(c) Supervision charge exception; waiver of payment

If the annual operating fee is composed of separate charges, no supervision charge shall be payable by a Federal credit union, and the Board may waive payment of any or all other charges comprising the fee, with respect to the year in which its charter is issued, or in which final distribution is made in its liquidation or the charter is canceled.

(d) Payment into Treasury of United States

All operating fees shall be deposited with the Treasurer of the United States for the account of the Administration and may be expended by the Board to defray the expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of this chapter including the examination and supervision of Federal credit unions.

(e) Investment of annual operating fees not needed for current operations

(1) Upon request of the Board, the Secretary of the Treasury shall invest and reinvest such portions of the annual operating fees deposited under subsection (d) as the Board determines are not needed for current operations.

(2) Such investments may be made only in interest bearing securities of the United States with maturities requested by the Board bearing interest at rates determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities.

(3) All income derived from such investments and reinvestments shall be deposited to the account of the Administration described in subsection (d).

(June 26, 1934, ch. 750, title I, §105, formerly §5, 48 Stat. 1217; 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §401, eff. July 1, 1947, 12 F.R. 4534, 61 Stat. 952; June 29, 1948, ch. 711, §§1, 2, 62 Stat. 1091; Apr. 17, 1952, ch. 214, §1, 66 Stat. 63; renumbered §6 and amended Pub. L. 86–354, §1, Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 91–206, §2(1), (3), Mar. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 49; renumbered title I, §105, Pub. L. 91–468, §1(2), Oct. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 994; amended Pub. L. 95–630, title V, §507, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3682; Pub. L. 97–320, title V, §505, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1528.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1982—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–320 added subsec. (e).

1978—Pub. L. 95–630 substituted provisions relating to the payment of an operating fee by each Federal credit union to the Board for provisions relating to the payment of costs incident to the ascertainment of whether an organization certificate should be approved and costs upon approval by the subscriber of such certificate to the Administration and payment of a supervision fee by each Federal credit union to the Administration.

1970—Pub. L. 91–206 substituted "Administrator" for "Director" and "Administration" for "Bureau", wherever appearing.

1959—Pub. L. 86–354 incorporated in last sentence subject matter formerly contained in a proviso clause following table and authorized fees to be expended for supervisory expenses.

1952—Act Apr. 17, 1952, amended section, substituting a graduated scale of supervisory fees for the $10 a year supervisory fee.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630 effective on expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, and transitional provisions, see section 509 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 1752 of this title.

Effective Date of 1952 Amendment

Act Apr. 17, 1952, ch. 214, §2, 66 Stat. 63, provided that: "The amendment by section 1 of this Act [amending this section] shall apply to supervision fees payable with respect to the calendar year 1952 and subsequent calendar years."

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Transfer of functions of Farm Credit Administration and Governor thereof, generally, see notes set out under section 1751 of this title.

Functions of Governor of Farm Credit Administration under this section transferred to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1947.
12 U.S.C. § 5567 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 53: WALL STREET REFORM AND CONSUMER PROTECTION / Subchapter V: BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION / Section 5567: Employee protection
Employee protection
Status: in_force

(a) In general

No covered person or service provider shall terminate or in any other way discriminate against, or cause to be terminated or discriminated against, any covered employee or any authorized representative of covered employees by reason of the fact that such employee or representative, whether at the initiative of the employee or in the ordinary course of the duties of the employee (or any person acting pursuant to a request of the employee), has—

(1) provided, caused to be provided, or is about to provide or cause to be provided, information to the employer, the Bureau, or any other State, local, or Federal, government authority or law enforcement agency relating to any violation of, or any act or omission that the employee reasonably believes to be a violation of, any provision of this title 1 or any other provision of law that is subject to the jurisdiction of the Bureau, or any rule, order, standard, or prohibition prescribed by the Bureau;

(2) testified or will testify in any proceeding resulting from the administration or enforcement of any provision of this title 1 or any other provision of law that is subject to the jurisdiction of the Bureau, or any rule, order, standard, or prohibition prescribed by the Bureau;

(3) filed, instituted, or caused to be filed or instituted any proceeding under any Federal consumer financial law; or

(4) objected to, or refused to participate in, any activity, policy, practice, or assigned task that the employee (or other such person) reasonably believed to be in violation of any law, rule, order, standard, or prohibition, subject to the jurisdiction of, or enforceable by, the Bureau.

(b) Definition of covered employee

For the purposes of this section, the term "covered employee" means any individual performing tasks related to the offering or provision of a consumer financial product or service.

(c) Procedures and timetables

(1) Complaint

(A) In general

A person who believes that he or she has been discharged or otherwise discriminated against by any person in violation of subsection (a) may, not later than 180 days after the date on which such alleged violation occurs, file (or have any person file on his or her behalf) a complaint with the Secretary of Labor alleging such discharge or discrimination and identifying the person responsible for such act.

(B) Actions of Secretary of Labor

Upon receipt of such a complaint, the Secretary of Labor shall notify, in writing, the person named in the complaint who is alleged to have committed the violation, of—

(i) the filing of the complaint;

(ii) the allegations contained in the complaint;

(iii) the substance of evidence supporting the complaint; and

(iv) opportunities that will be afforded to such person under paragraph (2).

(2) Investigation by Secretary of Labor

(A) In general

Not later than 60 days after the date of receipt of a complaint filed under paragraph (1), and after affording the complainant and the person named in the complaint who is alleged to have committed the violation that is the basis for the complaint an opportunity to submit to the Secretary of Labor a written response to the complaint and an opportunity to meet with a representative of the Secretary of Labor to present statements from witnesses, the Secretary of Labor shall—

(i) initiate an investigation and determine whether there is reasonable cause to believe that the complaint has merit; and

(ii) notify the complainant and the person alleged to have committed the violation of subsection (a), in writing, of such determination.

(B) Notice of relief available

If the Secretary of Labor concludes that there is reasonable cause to believe that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred, the Secretary of Labor shall, together with the notice under subparagraph (A)(ii), issue a preliminary order providing the relief prescribed by paragraph (4)(B).

(C) Request for hearing

Not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of notification of a determination of the Secretary of Labor under this paragraph, either the person alleged to have committed the violation or the complainant may file objections to the findings or preliminary order, or both, and request a hearing on the record. The filing of such objections shall not operate to stay any reinstatement remedy contained in the preliminary order. Any such hearing shall be conducted expeditiously, and if a hearing is not requested in such 30-day period, the preliminary order shall be deemed a final order that is not subject to judicial review.

(3) Grounds for determination of complaints

(A) In general

The Secretary of Labor shall dismiss a complaint filed under this subsection, and shall not conduct an investigation otherwise required under paragraph (2), unless the complainant makes a prima facie showing that any behavior described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a) was a contributing factor in the unfavorable personnel action alleged in the complaint.

(B) Rebuttal evidence

Notwithstanding a finding by the Secretary of Labor that the complainant has made the showing required under subparagraph (A), no investigation otherwise required under paragraph (2) shall be conducted, if the employer demonstrates, by clear and convincing evidence, that the employer would have taken the same unfavorable personnel action in the absence of that behavior.

(C) Evidentiary standards

The Secretary of Labor may determine that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred only if the complainant demonstrates that any behavior described in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a) was a contributing factor in the unfavorable personnel action alleged in the complaint. Relief may not be ordered under subparagraph (A) if the employer demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the employer would have taken the same unfavorable personnel action in the absence of that behavior.

(4) Issuance of final orders; review procedures

(A) Timing

Not later than 120 days after the date of conclusion of any hearing under paragraph (2), the Secretary of Labor shall issue a final order providing the relief prescribed by this paragraph or denying the complaint. At any time before issuance of a final order, a proceeding under this subsection may be terminated on the basis of a settlement agreement entered into by the Secretary of Labor, the complainant, and the person alleged to have committed the violation.

(B) Penalties

(i) Order of Secretary of Labor

If, in response to a complaint filed under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor determines that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred, the Secretary of Labor shall order the person who committed such violation—

(I) to take affirmative action to abate the violation;

(II) to reinstate the complainant to his or her former position, together with compensation (including back pay) and restore the terms, conditions, and privileges associated with his or her employment; and

(III) to provide compensatory damages to the complainant.

(ii) Penalty

If an order is issued under clause (i), the Secretary of Labor, at the request of the complainant, shall assess against the person against whom the order is issued, a sum equal to the aggregate amount of all costs and expenses (including attorney fees and expert witness fees) reasonably incurred, as determined by the Secretary of Labor, by the complainant for, or in connection with, the bringing of the complaint upon which the order was issued.

(C) Penalty for frivolous claims

If the Secretary of Labor finds that a complaint under paragraph (1) is frivolous or has been brought in bad faith, the Secretary of Labor may award to the prevailing employer a reasonable attorney fee, not exceeding $1,000, to be paid by the complainant.

(D) De novo review

(i) Failure of the Secretary to act

If the Secretary of Labor has not issued a final order within 210 days after the date of filing of a complaint under this subsection, or within 90 days after the date of receipt of a written determination, the complainant may bring an action at law or equity for de novo review in the appropriate district court of the United States having jurisdiction, which shall have jurisdiction over such an action without regard to the amount in controversy, and which action shall, at the request of either party to such action, be tried by the court with a jury.

(ii) Procedures

A proceeding under clause (i) shall be governed by the same legal burdens of proof specified in paragraph (3). The court shall have jurisdiction to grant all relief necessary to make the employee whole, including injunctive relief and compensatory damages, including—

(I) reinstatement with the same seniority status that the employee would have had, but for the discharge or discrimination;

(II) the amount of back pay, with interest; and

(III) compensation for any special damages sustained as a result of the discharge or discrimination, including litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorney fees.

(E) Other appeals

Unless the complainant brings an action under subparagraph (D), any person adversely affected or aggrieved by a final order issued under subparagraph (A) may file a petition for review of the order in the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit in which the violation with respect to which the order was issued, allegedly occurred or the circuit in which the complainant resided on the date of such violation, not later than 60 days after the date of the issuance of the final order of the Secretary of Labor under subparagraph (A). Review shall conform to chapter 7 of title 5. The commencement of proceedings under this subparagraph shall not, unless ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the order. An order of the Secretary of Labor with respect to which review could have been obtained under this subparagraph shall not be subject to judicial review in any criminal or other civil proceeding.

(5) Failure to comply with order

(A) Actions by the Secretary

If any person has failed to comply with a final order issued under paragraph (4), the Secretary of Labor may file a civil action in the United States district court for the district in which the violation was found to have occurred, or in the United States district court for the District of Columbia, to enforce such order. In actions brought under this paragraph, the district courts shall have jurisdiction to grant all appropriate relief including injunctive relief and compensatory damages.

(B) Civil actions to compel compliance

A person on whose behalf an order was issued under paragraph (4) may commence a civil action against the person to whom such order was issued to require compliance with such order. The appropriate United States district court shall have jurisdiction, without regard to the amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties, to enforce such order.

(C) Award of costs authorized

The court, in issuing any final order under this paragraph, may award costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and expert witness fees) to any party, whenever the court determines such award is appropriate.

(D) Mandamus proceedings

Any nondiscretionary duty imposed by this section shall be enforceable in a mandamus proceeding brought under section 1361 of title 28.

(d) Unenforceability of certain agreements

(1) No waiver of rights and remedies

Except as provided under paragraph (3), and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the rights and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived by any agreement, policy, form, or condition of employment, including by any predispute arbitration agreement.

(2) No predispute arbitration agreements

Except as provided under paragraph (3), and notwithstanding any other provision of law, no predispute arbitration agreement shall be valid or enforceable to the extent that it requires arbitration of a dispute arising under this section.

(3) Exception

Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an arbitration provision in a collective bargaining agreement shall be enforceable as to disputes arising under subsection (a)(4), unless the Bureau determines, by rule, that such provision is inconsistent with the purposes of this title.1

(Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1057, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2031.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (2), and (d)(3), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955, known as the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, which enacted this subchapter and enacted, amended, and repealed numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of title X to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of this title and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1058 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 5561 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
12 U.S.C. § 4123 (2024) — Title 12: BANKS AND BANKING / Chapter 42: LOW-INCOME HOUSING PRESERVATION AND RESIDENT HOMEOWNERSHIP / Subchapter I: PREPAYMENT OF MORTGAGES INSURED UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT / Section 4123: Severability
Severability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this subchapter, or the application of such provision with respect to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of this Act, and the application of such provision to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected by such holding.

(Pub. L. 100–242, title II, §233, as added Pub. L. 101–625, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4274.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 100–242, Feb. 5, 1988, 101 Stat. 1815, known as the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note under section 5301 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and Tables.