20 U.S.C. § 4513 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 57: JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 4513: Administrative provisions
Administrative provisions
Status: in_force

(a) General powers

The Foundation is authorized—

(1) to appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry out this chapter,1 without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service, but at General Schedule pay rates not in excess of the maximum rate for grade GS–15 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of that title;

(2) to procure temporary and intermittent services of such experts and consultants as are necessary to the extent authorized by section 3109 of title 5, but at rates not to exceed the rate specified at the time of such service for grade GS–18 in section 5332 of such title;

(3) to prescribe such regulations as it deems necessary governing the manner in which its functions shall be carried out;

(4) to receive money and other property donated, bequeathed, or devised, without condition or restriction other than it be used for the purposes of the Foundation; and to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of such property for the purpose of carrying out its functions;

(5) to accept and utilize the services of voluntary and noncompensated personnel and reimburse them for travel expenses, including per diem, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5;

(6) to enter into contracts, grants, or other arrangements, or modifications thereof, to carry out the provisions of this chapter,1 and such contracts or modifications thereof may, with the concurrence of two-thirds of the members of the Board, be entered into without performance or other bonds, and without regard to section 6101 of title 41;

(7) to make advances, progress, and other payments which the Board deems necessary under this chapter without regard to the provisions of section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31;

(8) to rent office space in the District of Columbia or its environs;

(9) to conduct programs in addition to or in conjunction with the Fellowship program which shall further the Foundation's purpose of encouraging research and study of constitutionalism in America;

(10) to expend not more than 5 percent of its annual operating budget to pay the costs of fundraising activities, including public and private gatherings; and

(11) to make other necessary expenditures.

(b) Annual report

The foundation 2 shall submit to the President and to the Congress an annual report of its operations under this chapter.

(c) Detailing of agency personnel to Foundation

On request of the Chairman of the Foundation, the head of a Federal agency may detail personnel of the agency to the Foundation to assist the Foundation in carrying out this chapter.1 Details under this subsection shall be without reimbursement by the Foundation to the agency from which personnel are detailed.

(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title VIII, §814], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–80, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title VIII, §814], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–80; Pub. L. 101–208, §3, Dec. 7, 1989, 103 Stat. 1837.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (c), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this title" meaning title VIII of section 101(b) of Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 which enacted this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), was in the original "this chapter" and was translated as reading "this title" meaning title VIII of section 101(b) of Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591 which enacted this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Codification

In subsec. (a)(6), "section 6101 of title 41" substituted for "section 5 of title 41" on authority of Pub. L. 111–350, §6(c), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3854, which Act enacted Title 41, Public Contracts.

In subsec. (a)(7), "section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31" substituted for "section 529 of title 31" on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance.

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Amendments

1989—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–208, §3(1)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "to appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter, except that in no case shall employees other than the Executive Secretary be compensated at a rate to exceed the rate provided for employees in grade GS–15 of the General Schedule set forth in section 5332 of title 5;".

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 101–208, §3(1)(B), amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: "to rent office space;".

Subsec. (a)(10), (11). Pub. L. 101–208, §3(1)(C)–(E), added par. (10) and redesignated former par. (10) as (11).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–208, §3(2), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Termination of Reporting Requirements

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (b) of this section relating to submitting an annual report to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 176 of House Document No. 103–7.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
20 U.S.C. § 3919 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter I: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION / Section 3919: Special consideration of underrepresented and underserved population
Special consideration of underrepresented and underserved population
Status: in_force

In providing financial assistance under this subchapter, the Foundation shall make every effort to ensure that consideration is given to proposals which contain provisions designed to meet the needs of underrepresented and underserved populations.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title I, §109, as added Pub. L. 99–159, title II, §201, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 897.)
20 U.S.C. § 9123 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter II: LIBRARY SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY / Section 9123: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated—

(1) to carry out parts 1, 2, and 3, $232,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025; and

(2) to carry out part 4, $24,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025.

(b) Forward funding

(1) In general

To the end of affording the responsible Federal, State, and local officers adequate notice of available Federal financial assistance for carrying out ongoing library activities and projects, appropriations for grants, contracts, or other payments under any program under this subchapter are authorized to be included in the appropriations Act for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which such activities and projects shall be carried out.

(2) Additional authorization of appropriations

In order to effect a transition to the timing of appropriation action authorized by subsection (a), the application of this section may result in the enactment, in a fiscal year, of separate appropriations for a program under this subchapter (whether in the same appropriations Act or otherwise) for two consecutive fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §214, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–296; amended Pub. L. 108–81, title II, §203, Sept. 25, 2003, 117 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 111–340, title II, §202, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3599; Pub. L. 115–410, §9, Dec. 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 5416.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–410 substituted "each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2025" for "fiscal year 2011 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2012 through 2016" in pars. (1) and (2).

2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–340, §202(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter $232,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2005 through 2009."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–340, §202(b), struck out heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: "Not more than 3.5 percent of the funds appropriated under this section for a fiscal year may be used to pay for the Federal administrative costs of carrying out this subchapter."

2003—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–81, §203(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows:

"(1) In general.—There are authorized to be appropriated $150,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1998 through 2002 to carry out this subchapter.

"(2) Transfer.—The Secretary of Education shall—

"(A) transfer promptly to the Director any funds appropriated under the authority of paragraph (1), to enable the Director to carry out this subchapter; and

"(B) not exercise any authority concerning the administration of this chapter other than the transfer described in subparagraph (A)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–81, §203(2), substituted "3.5 percent" for "3 percent".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2003 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–81 effective Oct. 1, 2003, see section 506 of Pub. L. 108–81, set out as a note under section 9101 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6646 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6646: Innovative approaches to literacy
Innovative approaches to literacy
Status: in_force

(a) In general

From amounts reserved under section 6621(2) of this title, the Secretary may award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities for the purposes of promoting literacy programs that support the development of literacy skills in low-income communities, including—

(1) developing and enhancing effective school library programs, which may include providing professional development for school librarians, books, and up-to-date materials to high-need schools;

(2) early literacy services, including pediatric literacy programs through which, during well-child visits, medical providers trained in research-based methods of early language and literacy promotion provide developmentally appropriate books and recommendations to parents to encourage them to read aloud to their children starting in infancy; and

(3) programs that provide high-quality books on a regular basis to children and adolescents from low-income communities to increase reading motivation, performance, and frequency.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Eligible entity

The term "eligible entity" means—

(A) a local educational agency in which 20 percent or more of the students served by the local educational agency are from families with an income below the poverty line;

(B) a consortium of such local educational agencies;

(C) the Bureau of Indian Education; or

(D) an eligible national nonprofit organization.

(2) Eligible national nonprofit organization

The term "eligible national nonprofit organization" means an organization of national scope that—

(A) is supported by staff, which may include volunteers, or affiliates at the State and local levels; and

(B) demonstrates effectiveness or high-quality plans for addressing childhood literacy activities for the population targeted by the grant.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2226, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1944.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 6646 to 6650 were omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 6646, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2206, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3625; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §101(b)(2)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–406, related to priority for professional development in mathematics and science.

Section 6647, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2207, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3625, related to State-level activities.

Section 6648, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2208, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3626; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §709(b)(3)(A)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–313, related to local plan and application for improving teaching and learning.

Section 6649, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2209, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3628; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §709(b)(3)(A)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–313, related to local cost-sharing.

Section 6650, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2210, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3629, related to local allocation of funds and allowable activities.

Prior section 6651, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2151, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1635, related to national activities of demonstrated effectiveness, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Another prior section 6651, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2211, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3632, related to higher education activities, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6451 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6451: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

The purpose of this subpart is to support the operation of local educational agency programs that involve collaboration with locally operated correctional facilities—

(1) to carry out high quality education programs to prepare children and youth for secondary school completion, training, employment, or further education;

(2) to provide activities to facilitate the transition of such children and youth from the correctional program to further education or employment; and

(3) to operate programs in local schools, including schools operated or funded by the Bureau of Indian Education, for children and youth returning from correctional facilities, and programs which may serve at-risk children and youth.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1421, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1587; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1401(8), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1903.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6451, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1421, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3597, related to purpose of subpart, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95 inserted ", including schools operated or funded by the Bureau of Indian Education," after "local schools".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5321 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 64: EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION / Subchapter II: MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS / Section 5321: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–589, title II, §231, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2892, related to awards to science-technology centers.
20 U.S.C. § 4451 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 56: AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE AND ART DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter III: AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS / Section 4451: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) Subchapter I

(1) There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of subchapter I.

(2) Funds appropriated under the authority of paragraph (1) shall remain available without fiscal year limitation.

(3) Except as provided for amounts subject to section 4425(d) 1 of this title, amounts appropriated under the authority of this subsection for fiscal year 1989, and for each succeeding fiscal year, shall be paid to the Institute at the later of—

(A) the beginning of the fiscal year, or

(B) upon enactment of such appropriation.

(4) Funds appropriated under this subsection for the fiscal year 1992 and for each succeeding fiscal year shall be transferred by the Secretary of the Treasury through the most expeditious method available with the Institute being designated as its own certifying agency.

(5) Funds are authorized to be appropriated for programs for more than one fiscal year. For the purpose of affording adequate notice of funding available under this chapter,1 amounts appropriated in an appropriations Act for any fiscal year to carry out this chapter 1 may, subject to the appropriation, become available for obligations on July 1 of that fiscal year.

(b) Subchapter II

There are authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of subchapter II of this chapter—

(1) for fiscal year 1987, $1,000,000, and

(2) for each succeeding fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry out such provisions.

(Pub. L. 99–498, title XV, §1531, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1612; Pub. L. 100–297, title V, §5406(c), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 101–644, title V, §506, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4672.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 4425 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), was amended generally by Pub. L. 101–644, title V, §505, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4669, and, as so amended, provisions similar to subsec. (d) are contained in subsec. (a)(4).

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), was in the original "this Act" and was translated as reading "this title", meaning title XV of Pub. L. 99–498 to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 101–644 added pars. (4) and (5).

1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–297 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of subchapter I of this chapter—

"(1) for fiscal year 1987, $4,000,000, and

"(2) for each succeeding fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry out such provisions."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 100–297, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1071 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 1103b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter V: DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONS / Section 1103b: Application review process
Application review process
Status: in_force

(a) Review panel

All applications submitted under this subchapter by Hispanic-serving institutions shall be read by a panel of readers composed of individuals who are selected by the Secretary and who include individuals representing Hispanic-serving institutions. The Secretary shall ensure that no individual assigned under this section to review any application has any conflict of interest with regard to the application that might impair the impartiality with which the individual conducts the review under this section.

(b) Instruction

All readers selected by the Secretary shall receive thorough instruction from the Secretary regarding the evaluation process for applications submitted under this subchapter that are consistent with the provisions of this subchapter, including—

(1) an enumeration of the factors to be used to determine the quality of applications submitted under this subchapter; and

(2) an enumeration of the factors to be used to determine whether a grant should be awarded for a project under this subchapter, the amount of any such grant, and the duration of any such grant.

(c) Recommendations of panel

In awarding grants under this subchapter, the Secretary shall take into consideration the recommendations of the panel made under subsection (a).

(d) Notification

Not later than June 30 of each year, the Secretary shall notify each Hispanic-serving institution making an application under this subchapter of—

(1) the scores given the institution by the panel pursuant to this section;

(2) the recommendations of the panel with respect to such application; and

(3) the reasons for the decision of the Secretary in awarding or refusing to award a grant under this subchapter, and any modifications, if any, in the recommendations of the panel made by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §523, formerly §513, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title V, §501, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1772; renumbered §523, Pub. L. 110–315, title V, §502(a)(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3331.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1103b, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §513, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title V, §501(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 674, related to use of funds, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1103b, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §513, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title V, §501(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1497, related to review of applications for grants, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

A prior section 523 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1104b of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 523 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1105b of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 523 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1113 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482.
20 U.S.C. § 1473 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1473: Technical assistance for parent training and information centers
Technical assistance for parent training and information centers
Status: in_force

(a) Program authorized

(1) In general

The Secretary may, directly or through awards to eligible entities, provide technical assistance for developing, assisting, and coordinating parent training and information programs carried out by parent training and information centers receiving assistance under section 1471 of this title and community parent resource centers receiving assistance under section 1472 of this title.

(2) Definition of eligible entity

In this section, the term "eligible entity" has the meaning given the term in section 1461(b) of this title.

(b) Authorized activities

The Secretary may provide technical assistance to a parent training and information center or a community parent resource center under this section in areas such as—

(1) effective coordination of parent training efforts;

(2) dissemination of scientifically based research and information;

(3) promotion of the use of technology, including assistive technology devices and assistive technology services;

(4) reaching underserved populations, including parents of low-income and limited English proficient children with disabilities;

(5) including children with disabilities in general education programs;

(6) facilitation of transitions from—

(A) early intervention services to preschool;

(B) preschool to elementary school;

(C) elementary school to secondary school; and

(D) secondary school to postsecondary environments; and

(7) promotion of alternative methods of dispute resolution, including mediation.

(c) Collaboration with the resource centers

Each eligible entity receiving an award under subsection (a) shall develop collaborative agreements with the geographically appropriate regional resource center and, as appropriate, the regional educational laboratory supported under section 9564 of this title, to further parent and professional collaboration.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §673, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2791.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1473, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §673, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 139, related to personnel preparation to improve services and results for children with disabilities, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1473, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §673, as added Pub. L. 99–457, title I, §101(a), Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1147; amended Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(b)(164), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 102–119, §25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607, related to general authority of Secretary to make grants to States for development of system to provide early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–17, title II, §203(b), June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 157, effective July 1, 1998.
20 U.S.C. § 1087gg (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1087gg: Collection of defaulted loans: Perkins Loan Revolving Fund
Collection of defaulted loans: Perkins Loan Revolving Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Authority of Secretary to collect referred, transferred, or assigned loans

With respect to any loan—

(1) which was made under this part, and

(2) which is referred, transferred, or assigned to the Secretary by an institution with an agreement under section 1087cc(a) of this title,

the Secretary is authorized to attempt to collect such loan by any means authorized by law for collecting claims of the United States (including referral to the Attorney General for litigation) and under such terms and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, including reimbursement for expenses reasonably incurred in attempting such collection.

(b) Collection of referred, transferred, or assigned loans

The Secretary shall continue to attempt to collect any loan referred, transferred, or assigned under paragraph (4) or (5) of section 1087cc(a) of this title until all appropriate collection efforts, as determined by the Secretary, have been expended.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §467, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1453; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §467, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §467(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 111–39, title IV, §405(6), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1947.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1087gg, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §467, as added Pub. L. 96–49, §5(d)(3)(A), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 352; amended Pub. L. 96–374, title IV, §445(c), title XIII, §1391(a)(1), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1442, 1503; Pub. L. 99–272, title XVI, §16029, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 354, related to collection of defaulted loans, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted "paragraph (4) or (5)" for "paragraph (5)(A), (5)(B)(i), or (6)".

1998—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–244 struck out heading and text of subsec. (c) which established the Perkins Loan Revolving Fund and provided for deposits into and payments from the Fund.

1992—Pub. L. 102–325 amended section catchline generally, inserting ": Perkins Loan Revolving Fund" after "loans" and added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 to this section, relating to creation of Perkins Loan Revolving Fund, effective Sept. 15, 1997, see section 468(4) of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1087dd of this title.

Transfer of Balance

Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §467(b), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1728, provided that: "Any funds in the Perkins Loan Revolving Fund on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 7, 1998] shall be transferred to and deposited in the Treasury."
20 U.S.C. § 1207 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 30: BASIC EDUCATION FOR ADULTS / Subchapter II: STATE PROGRAMS / Section 1207: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Status: repealed

Section 1207, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §351, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 312, related to State plan amendments.

A prior section 1207, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §308, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 91–230, title III, §301, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 162; Pub. L. 98–511, title I, §§102(f), 107, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2366, 2368, related to administration of State plans, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 100–297.

Section 1207a, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §352, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 312; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §301(f), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 349, related to evaluation of grant recipients.

A prior section 1207a, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §309, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XIII, §1307(b), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2360; amended Pub. L. 98–511, title I, §§102(f)(1), 108, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2366, 2368; Pub. L. 100–77, title VII, §701(b), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 524, related to research, development, demonstration, dissemination, and evaluation activities, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 100–297.
20 U.S.C. § 957a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 26: SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES / Subchapter I: NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES / Section 957a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 98–146, title II, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 949, which directed that persons serving on National Council on the Humanities continue until their successors are qualified for office, was omitted as superseded. See section 957(c) of this title, as amended by Pub. L. 98–306. Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 97–394, title II, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1994.
20 U.S.C. § 3171 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: DRUG EDUCATION / Section 3171: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3171, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5101, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 252, provided that this subchapter could be cited as the "Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986".

A prior section 3171, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §531, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title V, §501, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2249; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to national and State councils on quality in education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3172, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5102, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 252, stated findings of Congress.

Section 3173, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5103, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 252, stated purpose of this subchapter.
20 U.S.C. § 6847 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter III: LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS / Section 6847: Civil rights
Civil rights
Status: in_force

Nothing in this part shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with any Federal law guaranteeing a civil right.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3126, formerly §3127, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1705; renumbered §3126, Pub. L. 114–95, title III, §3001(2)(B), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1953.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6847, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3137, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3649, related to Federal administration of programs, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 3126 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 3125 and is classified to section 6846 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 870 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter III: STRENGTHENING STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Section 870: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title I, §143(a)(4)(A), title IV, §401(h)(3), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 142, 174
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title I, §143(a)(4)(A), title IV, §401(h)(3), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 142, 174
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §510, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 54, related to the Advisory Council on State Departments of Education, providing in: subsec. (a) for its appointment by the Secretary within ninety days after April 11, 1965 and its functions; subsec. (b) for the membership and their qualifications; subsec. (c) for engagement of technical, clerical, and other assistance and access to pertinent data of the Department; subsec. (d) for an annual report to the Secretary and transmittal of it to the President and Congress; and (e) for compensation ($100 per day limitation, including travel time) and travel expenses of members of the Council.
20 U.S.C. § 3417 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter II: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT / Section 3417: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
Status: in_force

There shall be in the Department an Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, to be administered by the Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services appointed under section 3412(b) of this title. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 3472 of this title, the Secretary shall delegate to the Assistant Secretary all functions, other than administrative and support functions, transferred to the Secretary under sections 3441(a)(1) of this title (with respect to the bureau for the education and training of the handicapped), 3441(a)(2)(H) of this title, and 3441(a)(4) of this title.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, §207, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674.)
20 U.S.C. § 481 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 17: NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION PROGRAM / Subchapter V: GUIDANCE, COUNSELING, AND TESTING; IDENTIFICATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF ABLE STUDENTS / Section 481: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

This subchapter is no longer funded and was superseded by title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, which was classified to subchapter II of chapter 24 of this title. Subchapter II of chapter 24 of this title was omitted in the general revision of title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 by Pub. L. 95–561.

Section 481, Pub. L. 85–864, title V, §501, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 87–344, title II, §204(a), Oct. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §205(a), formerly, §25(a), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 417, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title V, §501, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 90–575, title III, §321(a), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1057, authorized appropriations for the years ending June 30, 1963, to June 30, 1971, for making grants to State educational agencies under sections 481 to 484 of this title.

Section 482, Pub. L. 85–864, title V, §502, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §205(b), formerly §25(b), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 417, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 90–575, title III, §351(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1058, related to allotments to States from sums appropriated under section 481 of this title.

Section 483, Pub. L. 85–864, title V, §503, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §205(c), formerly §25(c), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 418, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title V, §502, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 90–575, title III, §322, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1057, related to requirements of State plans of any State desiring to receive payments under sections 481 to 484 of this title.

Section 484, Pub. L. 85–864, title V, §504, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1592; Pub. L. 87–344, title II, §204(b), (c), Oct. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §205(d), formerly §25(d), Dec. 18, 1963, 77 Stat. 418, renumbered Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064; Pub. L. 88–665, title V, §503, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 90–575, title III, §321(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1057, related to payments to States with plans approved under section 483 of this title.

Section 485, Pub. L. 85–864, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 88–665, title V, §504, Oct. 16, 1964, 78 Stat. 1106, defined "junior colleges or technical institutes" as used in this subchapter.
20 U.S.C. § 3841 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 51: ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION BLOCK GRANT / Subchapter II: CONSOLIDATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION / Section 3841: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title I, §1003(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title I, §1003(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293
Status: repealed

Section 3841, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §581, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 475, related to statement of purpose for program of special projects.

Section 3842, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §582, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 97–300, title I, §183, Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1357; Pub. L. 97–313, Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1462, related to authorized activities.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3986 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter III: PARTNERSHIPS IN EDUCATION FOR MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING / Section 3986: Submission of applications
Submission of applications
Status: in_force

Each applicant within a State which desires to receive a grant under this part shall submit the application prepared in accordance with section 3985 of this title to the State agency on 1 higher education or the State educational agency, as the case may be, for approval and shall submit the approved application to the Secretary under section 3985 of this title. Each such application shall be submitted jointly by the local educational agency in the case of activities described in section 3984(a) of this title, or an institution of higher education in the case of activities described in section 3984(b) of this title, and each business concern or other party that is to participate in the program for which assistance is sought.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title III, §307, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1286; Pub. L. 99–159, title II, §231, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 900; Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6031(b)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–418 substituted "part" for "subchapter".

1985—Pub. L. 99–159 substituted "Secretary" for "Foundation".

1 So in original. Probably should be "for".
20 U.S.C. § 7929 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7929: Analysis and periodic review of departmental guidance
Analysis and periodic review of departmental guidance
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall develop procedures for the approval and periodic review of significant guidance documents that include—

(1) appropriate approval processes within the Department;

(2) appropriate identification of the agency or office issuing the documents, the activities to which and the persons to whom the documents apply, and the date of issuance;

(3) a publicly available list to identify those significant guidance documents that were issued, revised, or withdrawn within the past year; and

(4) an opportunity for the public to request that an agency modify or rescind an existing significant guidance document.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8549, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8041, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2121.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1684 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 38: DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX OR BLINDNESS / Section 1684: Blindness or visual impairment; prohibition against discrimination
Blindness or visual impairment; prohibition against discrimination
Status: in_force

No person in the United States shall, on the ground of blindness or severely impaired vision, be denied admission in any course of study by a recipient of Federal financial assistance for any education program or activity, but nothing herein shall be construed to require any such institution to provide any special services to such person because of his blindness or visual impairment.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title IX, §904, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 375.)
20 U.S.C. § 3351 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GUN-FREE SCHOOLS / Section 3351: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8001, as added Pub. L. 103–227, title X, §1032(3), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 270, which related to gun-free school requirements, was omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Prior sections 3351 to 3354 and 3361 to 3367 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3351, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §941, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301, set out purpose of program of special grants for safe schools.

Section 3352, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §942, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301, authorized appropriations.

Section 3353, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §943, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2301; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to allotments to local educational agencies.

Section 3354, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §944, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2302; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to submission of applications by local educational agencies in order to receive grants.

Section 3361, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §951, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303, set out statement of policy for ethnic heritage program.

Section 3362, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §952, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized an ethnic heritage studies program.

Section 3363, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §953, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303, set out authorized activities for program of ethnic heritage.

Section 3364, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §954, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2303; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to applications for assistance.

Section 3365, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §955, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2304; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to administration by Secretary and to funding.

Section 3366, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §956, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2304, related to National Advisory Council on Ethnic Heritage Studies.

Section 3367, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §957, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §802, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2304, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 5891a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter III: STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEMIC IMPROVEMENT / Section 5891a: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this Act:

(1) Educational service agency; local educational agency; State educational agency; outlying area

The terms "educational service agency", "local educational agency", "State educational agency", and "outlying area" have the meanings given the terms in section 7801 of this title.

(2) Eligible school attendance area; school attendance area

The terms "eligible school attendance area" and "school attendance area" have the meanings given the terms in section 6313(a)(2) of this title.

(3) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Education.

(4) State

The term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each outlying area.

(Pub. L. 106–25, §3, Apr. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 42; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(o), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2092; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9207(a), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2141.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 106–25, Apr. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 41, known as the Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999, which enacted sections 5891a and 5891b of this title, amended section 1415 of this title, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1415 and 5891a of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 5801 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Education Flexibility Partnership Act of 1999, and not as part of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act which comprises this chapter.

Amendments

2015—Par. (1). Pub. L. 114–95 substituted "Educational service agency; local" for "Local" in heading and, in text, substituted "The terms 'educational service agency'," for "The terms" and made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

2002—Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–110 substituted "7801" for "8801".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.

Findings

Pub. L. 106–25, §2, Apr. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 41, provided that: "Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) States differ substantially in demographics, in school governance, and in school finance and funding. The administrative and funding mechanisms that help schools in one State improve may not prove successful in other States.

"(2) Although the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.] and other Federal education statutes afford flexibility to State educational agencies and local educational agencies in implementing Federal programs, certain requirements of Federal education statutes or regulations may impede local efforts to reform and improve education.

"(3) By granting waivers of certain statutory and regulatory requirements, the Federal Government can remove impediments for local educational agencies in implementing educational reforms and raising the achievement levels of all children.

"(4) State educational agencies are closer to local school systems, implement statewide educational reforms with both Federal and State funds, and are responsible for maintaining accountability for local activities consistent with State standards and assessment systems. Therefore, State educational agencies are often in the best position to align waivers of Federal and State requirements with State and local initiatives.

"(5) The Education Flexibility Partnership Demonstration Act [former 20 U.S.C. 5891(e)] allows State educational agencies the flexibility to waive certain Federal requirements, along with related State requirements, but allows only 12 States to qualify for such waivers.

"(6) Expansion of waiver authority will allow for the waiver of statutory and regulatory requirements that impede implementation of State and local educational improvement plans, or that unnecessarily burden program administration, while maintaining the intent and purposes of affected programs, such as the important focus on improving mathematics and science performance under title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 6601 et seq.] (Dwight D. Eisenhower Professional Development Program), and maintaining such fundamental requirements as those relating to civil rights, educational equity, and accountability.

"(7) To achieve the State goals for the education of children in the State, the focus must be on results in raising the achievement of all students, not process."
20 U.S.C. § 1234e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234e: Cease and desist orders
Cease and desist orders
Status: in_force

(a) Issuance and contents of complaint

In accordance with section 1234c of this title, the Secretary may issue to a recipient under an applicable program a complaint which—

(1) describes the factual and legal basis for the Secretary's belief that the recipient is failing to comply substantially with a requirement of law; and

(2) contains a notice of a hearing to be held before the Office on a date at least 30 days after the service of the complaint.

(b) Appearance contesting order

The recipient upon which a complaint has been served shall have the right to appear before the Office on the date specified and to show cause why an order should not be entered by the Office requiring the recipient to cease and desist from the violation of law charged in the complaint.

(c) Report; issuance of cease and desist order

The testimony in any hearing held under this section shall be reduced to writing and filed with the Office. If upon that hearing the Office is of the opinion that the recipient is in violation of any requirement of law as charged in the complaint, the Office shall—

(1) make a report in writing stating its findings of fact; and

(2) issue to the recipient an order requiring the recipient to cease and desist from the practice, policy, or procedure which resulted in the violation.

(d) Report and order as final agency action

The report and order of the Office under this section shall become the final agency action when the recipient receives the report and order.

(e) Enforcement of final order

The Secretary may enforce a final order of the Office under this section which becomes final agency action by—

(1) withholding from the recipient any portion of the amount payable to it, including the amount payable for administrative costs, under the applicable program; or

(2) certifying the facts to the Attorney General who shall cause an appropriate proceeding to be brought for the enforcement of the order.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §456, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1232, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2351; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 355.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to cease and desist orders for provisions relating to use of recovered funds. See section 1234h of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1234 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1032c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter II: TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT / Section 1032c: Evaluation
Evaluation
Status: in_force

Not less than ten percent of the funds awarded to an eligible consortium to carry out a project under this subpart shall be used to evaluate the effectiveness of such project.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title II, §234, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title II, §201(3), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3157.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 234 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1044 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.
20 U.S.C. § 1101b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter V: DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONS / Section 1101b: Authorized activities
Authorized activities
Status: in_force

(a) Types of activities authorized

Grants awarded under this subchapter shall be used by Hispanic-serving institutions of higher education to assist the institutions to plan, develop, undertake, and carry out programs to improve and expand the institutions' capacity to serve Hispanic students and other low-income students.

(b) Authorized activities

Grants awarded under this section shall be used for one or more of the following activities:

(1) Purchase, rental, or lease of scientific or laboratory equipment for educational purposes, including instructional and research purposes.

(2) Construction, maintenance, renovation, and improvement in classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and other instructional facilities.

(3) Support of faculty exchanges, faculty development, curriculum development, academic instruction, and faculty fellowships to assist in attaining advanced degrees in the fellow's field of instruction.

(4) Purchase of library books, periodicals, and other educational materials, including telecommunications program material.

(5) Tutoring, counseling, and student service programs designed to improve academic success, including innovative and customized instruction courses (which may include remedial education and English language instruction) designed to help retain students and move the students rapidly into core courses and through program completion.

(6) Articulation agreements and student support programs designed to facilitate the transfer from two-year to four-year institutions.

(7) Funds management, administrative management, and acquisition of equipment for use in strengthening funds management.

(8) Joint use of facilities, such as laboratories and libraries.

(9) Establishing or improving a development office to strengthen or improve contributions from alumni and the private sector.

(10) Establishing or improving an endowment fund.

(11) Creating or improving facilities for Internet or other distance education technologies, including purchase or rental of telecommunications technology equipment or services.

(12) Establishing or enhancing a program of teacher education designed to qualify students to teach in public elementary schools and secondary schools.

(13) Establishing community outreach programs that will encourage elementary school and secondary school students to develop the academic skills and the interest to pursue postsecondary education.

(14) Expanding the number of Hispanic and other underrepresented graduate and professional students that can be served by the institution by expanding courses and institutional resources.

(15) Providing education, counseling services, or financial information designed to improve the financial literacy and economic literacy of students or the students' families, especially with regard to student indebtedness and student assistance programs under subchapter IV.

(16) Other activities proposed in the application submitted pursuant to section 1101c of this title that—

(A) contribute to carrying out the purposes of this subchapter; and

(B) are approved by the Secretary as part of the review and acceptance of such application.

(c) Endowment fund limitations

(1) Portion of grant

A Hispanic-serving institution may not use more than 20 percent of the grant funds provided under this subchapter for any fiscal year for establishing or improving an endowment fund.

(2) Matching required

A Hispanic-serving institution that uses any portion of the grant funds provided under this subchapter for any fiscal year for establishing or improving an endowment fund shall provide from non-Federal funds an amount equal to or greater than the portion.

(3) Comparability

The provisions of part C of subchapter III regarding the establishment or increase of an endowment fund, that the Secretary determines are not inconsistent with this subsection, shall apply to funds used under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §503, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title V, §501, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1768; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title V, §501, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3331.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 503 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1102b of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 503 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1091b of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–482.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–315, §501(2), inserted ", including innovative and customized instruction courses (which may include remedial education and English language instruction) designed to help retain students and move the students rapidly into core courses and through program completion" before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(6) to (16). Pub. L. 110–315, §501(1), (3)–(5), added pars. (6) and (15), redesignated former pars. (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14) as pars. (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), and (16), respectively, and in par. (11), substituted "distance education technologies" for "distance learning academic instruction capabilities".
20 U.S.C. § 222 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 12: FOREIGN AND EXCHANGE STUDENTS / Section 222: Repealed. Pub. L. 87-256, §111(a)(4), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538
Repealed. Pub. L. 87-256, §111(a)(4), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538
Status: repealed

Sections, act Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 505, §§1–3, 63 Stat. 630, authorized the creation of a special deposit account for sums due or paid by the Republic of Finland to the United States as interest on or in retirement of the principal of the debt incurred under the act of Feb. 25, 1919, as refunded by the agreement dated May 1, 1923, pursuant to authority contained in sections 805 to 809 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, or of any other indebtedness incurred by Finland and owing to the United States as a result of World War I, provided for the use of such fund for exchange of students, professors, etc., for the interchange of books and technical equipment, and for disbursements from the account. See section 2451 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, particularly section 2455.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Continuation of Certain Executive Orders, Agreements, Determinations, Regulations, Contracts, Appointments, and Other Actions

Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out in section 2451 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of these sections, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87–256, set out as a note under section 2451 of Title 22.
20 U.S.C. § 5501 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 65: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION / Section 5501: Findings and policy
Findings and policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) Threats to human health and environmental quality are increasingly complex, involving a wide range of conventional and toxic contaminants in the air and water and on the land.

(2) There is growing evidence of international environmental problems, such as global warming, ocean pollution, and declines in species diversity, and that these problems pose serious threats to human health and the environment on a global scale.

(3) Environmental problems represent as significant a threat to the quality of life and the economic vitality of urban areas as they do the natural balance of rural areas.

(4) Effective response to complex environmental problems requires understanding of the natural and built environment, awareness of environmental problems and their origins (including those in urban areas), and the skills to solve these problems.

(5) Development of effective solutions to environmental problems and effective implementation of environmental programs requires a well educated and trained, professional work force.

(6) Current Federal efforts to inform and educate the public concerning the natural and built environment and environmental problems are not adequate.

(7) Existing Federal support for development and training of professionals in environmental fields is not sufficient.

(8) The Federal Government, acting through the Environmental Protection Agency, should work with local education institutions, State education agencies, not-for-profit educational and environmental organizations, noncommercial educational broadcasting entities, and private sector interests to support development of curricula, special projects, and other activities, to increase understanding of the natural and built environment and to improve awareness of environmental problems.

(9) The Federal Government, acting through the coordinated efforts of its agencies and with the leadership of the Environmental Protection Agency, should work with local education institutions, State education agencies, not-for-profit educational and environmental organizations, noncommercial educational broadcasting entities, and private sector interests to develop programs to provide increased emphasis and financial resources for the purpose of attracting students into environmental engineering and assisting them in pursuing the programs to complete the advanced technical education required to provide effective problem solving capabilities for complex environmental issues.

(10) Federal natural resource agencies such as the United States Forest Service have a wide range of environmental expertise and a long history of cooperation with educational institutions and technology transfer that can assist in furthering the purposes of the 1 chapter.

(b) Policy

It is the policy of the United States to establish and support a program of education on the environment, for students and personnel working with students, through activities in schools, institutions of higher education, and related educational activities, and to encourage postsecondary students to pursue careers related to the environment.

(Pub. L. 101–619, §2, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3325.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 101–619, §1(a), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3325, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'National Environmental Education Act'."

1 So in original. Probably should be "this".
20 U.S.C. § 7944 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7944: Applicability
Applicability
Status: in_force

This subpart shall only apply to States that receive funds under this chapter, and shall apply to such a State as a condition of receiving such funds.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8554, formerly title II, §2364, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668; renumbered title IX, §9544, renumbered title VIII, §8554, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was classified to section 6734 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
20 U.S.C. § 3423 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter II: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT / Section 3423: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-392, title VI, §602(a)(1), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 840
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-392, title VI, §602(a)(1), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 840
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 96–88, title II, §213, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 675, established the Intergovernmental Advisory Council on Education.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1991, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 101–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3423a of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7931 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7931: Sense of Congress on early learning and child care
Sense of Congress on early learning and child care
Status: in_force

It is the Sense of the Congress that a State retains the right to make decisions, free from Federal intrusion, concerning its system of early learning and child care, and whether or not to use funding under this chapter to offer early childhood education programs. Such systems should continue to include robust choice for parents through a mixed delivery system of services so parents can determine the right early learning and child care option for their children. States, while protecting the rights of early learning and child care providers, retain the right to make decisions that shall include the age at which to set compulsory attendance in school, the content of a State's early learning guidelines, and how to determine quality in programs.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8549B, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8041, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2122.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7931, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9301, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3805, set forth short title of the Alaska Native Educational Equity, Support and Assistance Act, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1161p (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IX: ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1161p: Grants to create bridges from jobs to careers
Grants to create bridges from jobs to careers
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to provide grants on a competitive basis to institutions of higher education for the purpose of improving developmental education to help students move more rapidly into for-credit occupational courses and into better jobs that may require a certificate or degree.

(b) Authorization of program

From amounts appropriated to carry out this section, the Secretary shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education, as defined in section 1001(a) of this title, to create workforce bridge programs between developmental courses and for-credit courses in occupational certificate programs that are articulated to degree programs. Such workforce bridge programs shall focus on—

(1) improving developmental education, including English language instruction, by customizing developmental education to student career goals; and

(2) helping students move rapidly from developmental coursework into for-credit occupational courses and through program completion.

(c) Application

An institution of higher education desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(d) Priorities

The Secretary shall give priority to applications that—

(1) are from institutions of higher education in which not less than 50 percent of the institution's entering first-year students who are subject to mandatory assessment are assessed as needing developmental courses to bring reading, writing, or mathematics skills up to college level; and

(2) propose to replicate practices that have proven effective with adults, or propose to collaborate with adult education providers.

(e) Required activity

An institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall use the grant funds to create workforce bridge programs to customize developmental education curricula, including English language instruction, to reflect the content of for-credit occupational certificate or degree programs, or clusters of such programs, in which developmental education students are enrolled or plan to enroll. Such workforce bridge programs shall integrate the curricula and the instruction of the developmental and college-level coursework.

(f) Permissible activities

An institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section may use the grant funds to carry out one or more of the following activities:

(1) Designing and implementing innovative ways to improve retention in and completion of developmental education courses, including enrolling students in cohorts, accelerating course content, dually enrolling students in developmental and college-level courses, tutoring, providing counseling and other supportive services, and giving small, material incentives for attendance and performance.

(2) In consultation with faculty in the appropriate departments, reconfiguring courses offered on-site during standard academic terms for modular, compressed, or other alternative schedules, or for distance-learning formats, to meet the needs of working adults.

(3) Developing counseling strategies that address the needs of students in remedial education courses, and including counseling students on career options and the range of programs available, such as certificate programs that are articulated to degree programs and programs designed to facilitate transfer to four-year institutions of higher education.

(4) Improving the quality of teaching in remedial courses through professional development, reclassification of such teaching positions, or other means the institution of higher education determines appropriate.

(5) Any other activities the institution of higher education and the Secretary determine will promote retention of, and completion by, students attending institutions of higher education.

(g) Grant period

Grants made under this section shall be for a period of not less than three years and not more than five years.

(h) Technical assistance

The Secretary shall provide technical assistance to recipients of, and applicants for, grants under this section.

(i) Report and summary

Each institution of higher education that receives a grant under this section shall report to the Secretary on the effectiveness of the program in enabling students to move rapidly from developmental coursework into for-credit occupational courses and through program completion. The Secretary shall summarize the reports, identify best practices, and disseminate the information from such summary and identification to the public.

(j) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, §851, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, §801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3421; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title VIII, §801(13), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1956.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 111–39 inserted "to be appropriated" after "authorized".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1655 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 37: ASSIGNMENT OR TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Section 1655: Uniform rules of evidence of racial discrimination
Uniform rules of evidence of racial discrimination
Status: in_force

The rules of evidence required to prove that State or local authorities are practicing racial discrimination in assigning students to public schools shall be uniform throughout the United States.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title VIII, §805, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 372.)
20 U.S.C. § 9132 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter II: LIBRARY SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY / Section 9132: Administration
Administration
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Not more than 4 percent of the total amount of funds received under this subchapter for any fiscal year by a State may be used for administrative costs.

(b) Construction

Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit spending for evaluation costs under section 9134(c) of this title from sources other than this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §222, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–298.)
20 U.S.C. § 841 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter II: SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL CENTERS AND SERVICES / Section 841: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §301, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 39; Pub. L. 89–750, title I, §131, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1201; Pub. L. 90–247, title I, §131, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §131(a)(1), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 130; Pub. L. 93–380, title I, §103(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 94–482, title V, §501(a)(2), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2235; Pub. L. 95–112, §2(c)(1), Sept. 24, 1977, 91 Stat. 911, which authorized appropriations for the making of grants for supplementary educational centers and services for fiscal years ending prior to Oct. 1, 1979, was omitted in the general revision of title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 39, by Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2210.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Appropriation Under National Defense Provisions as Appropriation Under This Section

Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §131(c), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 141, provided that any appropriation for the purposes of title V of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, section 481 et seq. of this title, for any fiscal year ending after June 30, 1970, was to be deemed to have been appropriated pursuant to this section.
20 U.S.C. § 5951 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter VI: INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 5951: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(4)(B), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(4)(B), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title VI, §601, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §301(e)], div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1335(e), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–410, 2681–788, related to International Education Program.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1686 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 38: DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX OR BLINDNESS / Section 1686: Interpretation with respect to living facilities
Interpretation with respect to living facilities
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this chapter, nothing contained herein shall be construed to prohibit any educational institution receiving funds under this Act, from maintaining separate living facilities for the different sexes.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title IX, §907, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 375.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title IX of Pub. L. 92–318 which enacted this chapter and amended sections 203 and 213 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2000c, 2000c–6, 2000c–9, and 2000h–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235, known as the Education Amendments of 1972. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 2411 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 2411: Joint funding
Joint funding
Status: in_force

(a) General authority

Funds made available to eligible agencies under this chapter may be used to provide additional funds under an applicable program if—

(1) such program otherwise meets the requirements of this chapter and the requirements of the applicable program;

(2) such program serves the same individuals that are served under this chapter;

(3) such program provides services in a coordinated manner with services provided under this chapter; and

(4) such funds are used to supplement, and not supplant, funds provided from non-Federal sources.

(b) Applicable program

For the purposes of this section, the term "applicable program" means any program under any of the following provisions of law:

(1) Chapters 2 and 3 of subtitle B of title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act [29 U.S.C. 3161 et seq., 3171 et seq.].

(2) The Wagner-Peyser Act [29 U.S.C. 49 et seq.].

(c) Use of funds as matching funds

For the purposes of this section, the term "additional funds" does not include funds used as matching funds.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §221, formerly title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 745; amended Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §512(e)(7), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1707; renumbered title II, §221, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (7), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425. Chapters 2 and 3 of subtitle B of title I of the Act are classified generally to subparts 2 (§3161 et seq.) and 3 (§3171 et seq.), respectively, of part B of subchapter I of chapter 32 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of Title 29 and Tables.

The Wagner-Peyser Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is act June 6, 1933, ch. 49, 48 Stat. 113, which is classified generally to chapter 4B (§49 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 49 of Title 29 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2411, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §321, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to joint funding, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2411, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §411, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title IV, §406(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 812, authorized grants for demonstration programs, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Another prior section 2411, Pub. L. 88–210, title IV, §411, as added Pub. L. 98–524, §1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2470, related to programs and projects Secretary was authorized to carry out from available funds, prior to the general amendment of part B of former subchapter IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 101–392.

Amendments

2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–128 substituted "Chapters 2 and 3 of subtitle B of title I of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act" for "Chapters 4 and 5 of subtitle B of title I of Public Law 105–220".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2014 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–128 effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
20 U.S.C. § 4665 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 58: DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4665: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 99–570, title IV, §4302, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–153, which established National Trust for Drug-Free Youth, was transferred to section 3225 of this title, then to section 7105 of this title, and subsequently omitted from the Code.
20 U.S.C. § 5021 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 62: EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS / Subchapter I: ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION / Section 5021: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(i), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(i), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Status: repealed

Section 5021, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6027, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1478, authorized Presidential Awards for Teaching Excellence in Foreign Languages.

Section 5022, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6028, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1479, contained administrative provisions.

Section 5023, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6029, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1479, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 79e (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter IX: CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA / Section 79e: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated annually, from money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, such sums as are necessary for the administration of this subchapter and for the maintenance of laboratory or other facilities provided for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter.

(July 2, 1940, ch. 516, §7, 54 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 89–280, §1, Oct. 20, 1965, 79 Stat. 1012; Pub. L. 96–89, §1, Oct. 19, 1979, 93 Stat. 697; Pub. L. 98–57, §1, July 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 293.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1387 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Amendments

1983—Pub. L. 98–57 struck out ", not to exceed $750,000" after "such sums".

1979—Pub. L. 96–89 substituted "$750,000" for "$350,000".

1965—Pub. L. 89–280 substituted "$350,000" for "$10,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–57, §2, July 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 293, provided that: "The provision in the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1983."

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Pub. L. 96–89, §2, Oct. 19, 1979, 93 Stat. 697, provided that: "The provision in section 1 of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1979."
20 U.S.C. § 7885 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7885: Prohibition against funds for religious worship or instruction
Prohibition against funds for religious worship or instruction
Status: in_force

Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to authorize the making of any payment under this chapter for religious worship or instruction.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8505, formerly title IX, §9505, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1979; renumbered title VIII, §8505, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
20 U.S.C. § 4015 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter V: ASBESTOS SCHOOL HAZARD ABATEMENT / Section 4015: Administrative provisions
Administrative provisions
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations

The Administrator shall promulgate rules and regulations as necessary to implement the authorities and requirements of this subchapter.

(b) Procedures

The Administrator also shall establish procedures to be used by local educational agencies, in programs for which financial assistance is made available under section 4014 of this title, for—

(1) abating asbestos materials in school buildings;

(2) replacing the asbestos materials removed from school buildings with other appropriate building materials; and

(3) restoring such school buildings to conditions comparable to those existing before asbestos containment or removal activities were undertaken.

(c) Relationship to other laws

Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed, interpreted, or applied to diminish in any way the level of protection required under any other State or Federal worker protection or other applicable laws.

(d) Other authority

In order to effectuate the purposes of this subchapter, the Administrator may also adopt such other procedures, standards, and regulations as the Administrator deems necessary, including—

(1) procedures for testing the level of asbestos fibers in schools, including safety measures to be followed in conducting such tests;

(2) standards for evaluating (on the basis of such tests) the likelihood of the leakage of asbestos fibers into the school environment; and

(3) periodic reporting with respect to the activities that have taken place using funds loaned or granted under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title V, §506, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1292; Pub. L. 101–637, §§7, 14(a)(6), (b)(8), (9), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4592, 4594, 4595.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–637 inserted section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–637, §14(b)(8), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–637, §7(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The Administrator shall also establish—

"(1) procedures to be used by local educational agencies, in programs for which financial assistance is made available under section 4014 of this title for—

"(A) abating asbestos materials in school buildings;

"(B) replacing the asbestos materials removed from school buildings with other appropriate building materials; and

"(C) restoring such school buildings to conditions comparable to those existing before asbestos containment or removal activities were undertaken; and

"(2) within ninety days, standards for determining—

"(A) which contractors are qualified to carry out the activities referred to in paragraph (1), and

"(B) what training, equipment, protective clothing and other information and material must be supplied to adequately advise and protect school employees utilized to carry out the activities in paragraph (1).

"(3) nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed, interpreted or applied to diminish in any way the level of protection required under State or Federal worker protection laws."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–637, §7(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–637, §§7(1), 14(b)(9), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d), inserted heading, and inserted a comma after "standards" in introductory provisions.
20 U.S.C. § 3418 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter II: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT / Section 3418: Repealed. Pub. L. 99-145, title XII, §1204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 720
Repealed. Pub. L. 99-145, title XII, §1204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 720
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 96–88, title II, §208, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 674, provided for an Office of Education for Overseas Dependents in Department of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 1068g (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1068g: Continuation awards
Continuation awards
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall make continuation awards under this subchapter for the second and succeeding years of a grant only after determining that the recipient is making satisfactory progress in carrying out the grant.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §398, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title III, §308(g), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1649.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 30 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 2: TEACHING OF AGRICULTURAL, TRADE, HOME ECONOMICS, AND INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS / Section 30: Repealed. Pub. L. 90-576, title I, §103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091
Repealed. Pub. L. 90-576, title I, §103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091
Status: repealed

Section 30, acts Mar. 3, 1931, ch. 404, §1, 46 Stat. 1489; May 17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158, extended to Puerto Rico the benefits of sections 11–15, 16, and 18–28 of this title.

Section 31, act Mar. 18, 1950, ch. 71, §1, 64 Stat. 27, extended to Virgin Islands the benefits of Vocational Education Act of 1946 (sections 15i to 15m, 15o to 15q, 15aa to 15jj, and 15aaa to 15ggg of this title).

Section 32, act Mar. 18, 1950, ch. 71, §2, 64 Stat. 27; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631, authorized distribution of funds to Virgin Islands.

Section 33, act Mar. 18, 1950, ch. 71, §3, 64 Stat. 27; 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§5, 8, eff. Apr. 11, 1953, 18 F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631, set conditions governing use and payment of funds in Virgin Islands.

Section 34, act Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 852, §9, 70 Stat. 909, extended to Guam the benefits of Vocational Education Act of 1946.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §103, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1091, provided that the repeal is effective July 1, 1969.
20 U.S.C. § 2a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 1: OFFICE OF EDUCATION / Section 2a: Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 647
Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 647
Status: repealed

Section, act May 26, 1930, ch. 330, 46 Stat. 384, provided for appointment of an Assistant Commissioner of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 746 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 21: HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES / Subchapter III: LOANS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ACADEMIC FACILITIES / Section 746: Repealed. Pub. L. 92-318, title I, §161(b)(3), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 303
Repealed. Pub. L. 92-318, title I, §161(b)(3), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 303
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 88–204, title III, §306, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title IV, §403, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1060, related to annual interest grants, providing in: subsec. (a) for power of Commissioner; subsec. (b) for maximum period and amount and approval by Secretary; subsec. (c) for authorization of appropriations and limitation on aggregate amount of contracts; subsec. (d) for maximum amount of funds usable in one State; and subsec. (e) certain prerequisites and nature of financing.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1972, see section 161(b)(3) of Pub. L. 92–318.
20 U.S.C. § 7351d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: FLEXIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY / Section 7351d: Choice of participation
Choice of participation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

If a local educational agency is eligible for funding under both this subpart and subpart 1, such local educational agency may receive funds under either this subpart or subpart 1 for a fiscal year, but may not receive funds under both subparts for such fiscal year.

(b) Notification

A local educational agency eligible for funding under both this subpart and subpart 1 shall notify the Secretary and the State educational agency under which of such subparts the local educational agency intends to receive funds for a fiscal year by a date that is established by the Secretary for the notification.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5225, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5003(8), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2044.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5225 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7223d of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Prior sections 7352 and 7353 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter VI of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7352, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6302, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3711, related to administrative authority.

Section 7353, Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6303, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3711, related to local applications for allocations of funds.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1714 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter I: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES / Section 1714: Transportation of students
Transportation of students
Status: in_force

(a) Limitation to school closest or next closest to place of residence

No court, department, or agency of the United States shall, pursuant to section 1713 of this title, order the implementation of a plan that would require the transportation of any student to a school other than the school closest or next closest to his place of residence which provides the appropriate grade level and type of education for such student.

(b) Health risks; impingement on educational process

No court, department, or agency of the United States shall require directly or indirectly the transportation of any student if such transportation poses a risk to the health of such student or constitutes a significant impingement on the educational process with respect to such student.

(c) School population changes resulting from population changes

When a court of competent jurisdiction determines that a school system is desegregated, or that it meets the constitutional requirements, or that it is a unitary system, or that it has no vestiges of a dual system, and thereafter residential shifts in population occur which result in school population changes in any school within such a desegregated school system, no educational agency because of such shifts shall be required by any court, department, or agency of the United States to formulate, or implement any new desegregation plan, or modify or implement any modification of the court approved desegregation plan, which would require transportation of students to compensate wholly or in part for such shifts in school population so occurring.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §215, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 517.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3988 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 52: EDUCATION FOR ECONOMIC SECURITY / Subchapter III: PARTNERSHIPS IN EDUCATION FOR MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING / Section 3988: Payments; Federal share; limitation
Payments; Federal share; limitation
Status: in_force

(a) Federal and non-Federal shares

(1) The Secretary shall pay, to each applicant having an application approved under section 3987 of this title, the Federal share of the cost of the program described in the application.

(2) The Federal share for each fiscal year shall be 50 per centum.

(3) The non-Federal share of payments under this part may be in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including plant, equipment, or services.

(b) Fiscal year State limitation

Not more than 15 per centum of the funds appropriated under this part in any fiscal year may be paid to applicants in any single State.

(Pub. L. 98–377, title III, §309, Aug. 11, 1984, 98 Stat. 1286; Pub. L. 99–159, title II, §231, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 900; Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6031(b)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Subsecs. (a)(3), (b). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted "part" for "subchapter".

1985—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–159 substituted "Secretary" for "Foundation".
20 U.S.C. § 7246 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7246: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4506, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4501, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2020.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 7247 and 7249 were repealed by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title IV, §4001(b)(1)(C), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1967, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

Section 7247, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5431, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1817, related to partnerships in character education program.

Section 7249, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5441, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title V, §501, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1823, related to smaller learning communities.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2566 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 45: CAREER EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 2566: Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs; grants for development
Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs; grants for development
Status: in_force

In recognition of the public service of Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, the Secretary of Education (hereafter in sections 2566 to 2569 of this title referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to make grants in accordance with the provisions of sections 2566 to 2569 of this title to assist in the development of the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, located at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul.

(Pub. L. 95–270, §2(a), Apr. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 95–270, §4(d), Apr. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 220, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section, sections 2567 to 2569 of this title, and provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect October 1, 1978."

Short Title

Pub. L. 95–270, §1, Apr. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 220, provided: "That this Act [enacting this section, sections 2567 to 2569 of this title, and provisions set out as a note above] may be cited as the 'Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs and the Everett McKinley Dirksen Congressional Leadership Research Center Assistance Act'."

Transfer of Functions

"Secretary" substituted in text for "Commissioner" pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 80b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter X: NATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD / Section 80b: Selection of site
Selection of site
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of Board of Regents; submission of recommendations to Congress

The Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution is authorized and directed, with the advice and assistance of the Board, to investigate and survey lands and buildings in and near the District of Columbia suitable for the display of military collections. The Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution shall, after consulting with and seeking the advice of the Commission on Fine Arts, the National Capital Planning Commission, and the General Services Administration, submit recommendations to the Congress with respect to the acquisition of lands and buildings for such purpose.

(b) Public exhibits and study collections; exhibits of military and naval operations

Buildings acquired pursuant to recommendations made under subsection (a) of this section shall be used to house public exhibits and study collections that are not appropriate for the military exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution on the Mall in the District of Columbia. Facilities shall be provided for the display of large military objects and for the reconstruction, in an appropriate way, on lands acquired pursuant to recommendations made under subsection (a) of this section, of exhibits showing the nature of fortifications, trenches, and other military and naval facilities characteristic of the American colonial period, the War of the Revolution, and subsequent American military and naval operations.

(Pub. L. 87–186, §3, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 415.)
20 U.S.C. § 68 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 68: Repealed. Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 851, §4, 54 Stat. 1111
Repealed. Oct. 10, 1940, ch. 851, §4, 54 Stat. 1111
Status: repealed

Section, act Feb. 11, 1927, ch. 104, §1, 44 Stat. 1081, related to advertisements for proposals for purchases and services.
20 U.S.C. § 1226 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter II: APPROPRIATIONS AND EVALUATIONS / Section 1226: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title II, §212(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title II, §212(a)(1), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3913
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §413, formerly §406, as added Pub. L. 90–576, title III, §301(b), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1094; amended Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(a)(9), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 166; renumbered §415, Pub. L. 92–318, title III, §301(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 326; renumbered §413, Pub. L. 93–380, title V, §506(a)(2)(A), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 563, related to availability of appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 2013 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 42: HARRY S TRUMAN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 2013: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000 to the fund.

(Pub. L. 93–642, §14, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2280.)
20 U.S.C. § 49 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 49: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Oct. 2, 1888, ch. 1069, 25 Stat. 529, which required the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution to submit to Congress annually a detailed statement of expenditures under appropriations for "International Exchanges," "North American Ethnology," and the "National Museum,", terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 192 of House Document No. 103–7.
20 U.S.C. § 733 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 21: HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES / Subchapter II: GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GRADUATE ACADEMIC FACILITIES / Section 733: Repealed. Pub. L. 90-575, title II, §291(b)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1050
Repealed. Pub. L. 90-575, title II, §291(b)(1), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1050
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 88–204, title II, §203, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 371, established an Advisory Committee on Graduate Education.
20 U.S.C. § 9201 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 73: ADULT EDUCATION AND LITERACY / Subchapter I: ADULT EDUCATION AND FAMILY LITERACY / Section 9201: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705
Status: repealed

Section 9201, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §202, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, related to the purpose of this subchapter.

Section 9202, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §203, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1060; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(d)(2), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1622; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §404(a)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–416; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(s), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2092, provided the definitions of this subchapter.

Section 9203, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §204, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §404(a)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–416, related to the effect of this subchapter on home schools.

Section 9204, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §205, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §404(a)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–416, authorized appropriations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 105–220, title V, §507, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1247, which provided that Pub. L. 105–220, and the amendments made by Pub. L. 105–220, would take effect on Aug. 7, 1998, except as otherwise provided, was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705.

Short Title

Pub. L. 105–220, §1(a), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, which provided that Pub. L. 105–220 could be cited as the "Workforce Investment Act of 1998", was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705.

Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §201, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1059, which provided that title II of Pub. L. 105–220 could be cited as the "Adult Education and Family Literacy Act", was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705.
20 U.S.C. § 4415 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 56: AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE AND ART DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES / Section 4415: President of Institute
President of Institute
Status: in_force

(a) Appointment

The Institute shall have a President who shall be appointed by the Board. The President of the Institute shall serve as the chief executive officer of the Institute. Subject to the direction of the Board and the general supervision of the Chairman of the Board, the President of the Institute shall have the responsibility for carrying out the policies and functions of the Institute and shall have authority over all personnel and activities of the Institute.

(b) Compensation

The President of the Institute shall be paid at a rate not to exceed the maximum rate of basic pay payable for grade GS–18 of the General Schedule.

(Pub. L. 99–498, title XV, §1508, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1604.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates

References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of Title 5.
20 U.S.C. § 789 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 22: NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ARTS / Section 789: Repealed. Pub. L. 89-209, §6(d)(5), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 850
Repealed. Pub. L. 89-209, §6(d)(5), Sept. 29, 1965, 79 Stat. 850
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 88–579, §10, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 89–125, Aug. 13, 1965, 79 Stat. 518, authorized $150,000 per annum to be appropriated to the Council to carry out the purpose of this chapter. See section 960 of this title.

Section was also repealed by Pub. L. 91–346, §5(d)(3)(B), July 20, 1970, 84 Stat. 445.
20 U.S.C. § 1152 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VIII: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 1152: Repealed. Pub. L. 109-162, title III, §304(f), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3016
Repealed. Pub. L. 109-162, title III, §304(f), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3016
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 105–244, title VIII, §826, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1815; Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title I, §1108(a), title V, §1512(d), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1500, 1533; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, §1135(d), Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3109; Pub. L. 109–271, §§2(d), 8(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 752, 766, related to grants to combat violent crimes against women on campuses.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective beginning fiscal year 2007, see section 4 of Pub. L. 109–162, set out as an Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note under section 10261 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.
20 U.S.C. § 1757 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter II: ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Section 1757: Prohibition of forced busing during school year
Prohibition of forced busing during school year
Status: in_force

(a) Congressional findings

The Congress finds that—

(1) the forced transportation of elementary and secondary school students in implementation of the constitutional requirement for the desegregation of such schools is controversial and difficult under the best planning and administration; and

(2) the forced transportation of elementary and secondary school students after the commencement of an academic school year is educationally unsound and administratively inefficient.

(b) Student transportation orders incidental to student transfers pursuant to school desegregation plans effective beginning with academic school year

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, no order of a court, department, or agency of the United States, requiring the transportation of any student incident to the transfer of that student from one elementary or secondary school to another such school in a local educational agency pursuant to a plan requiring such transportation for the racial desegregation of any school in that agency, shall be effective until the beginning of an academic school year.

(c) "Academic school year" defined

For the purpose of this section, the term "academic school year" means, pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Secretary, the customary beginning of classes for the school year at an elementary or secondary school of a local educational agency for a school year that occurs not more often than once in any twelve-month period.

(d) Orders subject to provisions of section

The provisions of this section apply to any order which was not implemented at the beginning of the 1974–1975 academic year.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §258, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

"Secretary", meaning the Secretary of Education, substituted for "Commissioner" in subsec. (c) pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 887b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter V: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 887b: Repealed. Pub. L. 93-380, title IV, §402(c)(3), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 546
Repealed. Pub. L. 93-380, title IV, §402(c)(3), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 546
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §809, as added Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §164, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 154; amended Pub. L. 93–380, title I, §109(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 513, related to correction education services, providing in subsecs. (a) for grants for research and demonstration projects; (b) for appointment and functions of advisory committees and furnishing of advice and recommendations of Federal officials and other persons and organizations to the Commissioner; and (c) for authorization of $500,000 for fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, and 1975.

Section 109(b) of Pub. L. 93–380 made such authorizations effective on and after July 1, 1974.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1975, see section 402(c)(3) of Pub. L. 93–380.
20 U.S.C. § 4419 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 56: AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE AND ART DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES / Section 4419: Nonprofit and nonpolitical nature of Institute
Nonprofit and nonpolitical nature of Institute
Status: in_force

(a) Stock

The Institute shall have no power to issue any shares of stock or to declare or pay any dividends.

(b) Nonprofit nature

No part of the income or assets of the Institute shall inure to the benefit of any director, officer, employee, or any other individual except as salary or reasonable compensation for services.

(c) Nonpolitical nature

The Institute may not contribute to, or otherwise support, any political party or candidate for elective public office.

(Pub. L. 99–498, title XV, §1512, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1607.)
20 U.S.C. § 6435 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6435: Use of funds
Use of funds
Status: in_force

(a) Uses

(1) In general

A State agency shall use funds received under this subpart only for programs and projects that—

(A) are consistent with the State plan under section 6434(a) of this title; and

(B) concentrate on providing participants with the knowledge and skills needed to make a successful transition to secondary school completion, career and technical education, further education, or employment.

(2) Programs and projects

Such programs and projects—

(A) may include—

(i) the acquisition of equipment;

(ii) pay-for-success initiatives; or

(iii) providing targeted services for youth who have come in contact with both the child welfare system and juvenile justice system;

(B) shall be designed to support educational services that—

(i) except for institution-wide projects under section 6436 of this title, are provided to children and youth identified by the State agency as failing, or most at-risk of failing, to meet the challenging State academic standards;

(ii) respond to the educational needs of such children and youth, including by supplementing and improving the quality of the educational services provided to such children and youth by the State agency; and

(iii) afford such children and youth an opportunity to meet challenging State academic standards; and

(C) shall be carried out in a manner consistent with section 6321 of this title and part F (as applied to programs and projects under this part).

(b) Supplement, not supplant

A program under this subpart that supplements the number of hours of instruction students receive from State and local sources shall be considered to comply with the supplement, not supplant requirement of section 6321 of this title (as applied to this part) without regard to the subject areas in which instruction is given during those hours.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1415, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1585; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1401(4), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1902.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6435, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1415, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3596, related to use of funds, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(i), substituted "career and technical education" for "vocational or technical training".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(ii)(I), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar (A) which read as follows: "may include the acquisition of equipment;".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(ii)(II)(aa), substituted "the challenging State academic standards" for "the State's challenging academic content standards and student academic achievement standards".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(ii)(II)(bb), substituted "respond to the educational needs of such children and youth, including by supplementing and improving the quality" for "supplement and improve the quality".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(ii)(II)(cc), substituted "challenging State academic standards" for "challenging State academic achievement standards" and inserted "and" after semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(ii)(III), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 6321 of this title and substituted "part F" for "part I" and period for "; and" at end.

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(A)(ii)(IV), struck out subpar. (D) which read as follows: "may include the costs of meeting the evaluation requirements of section 7941 of this title."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(4)(B), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 6321 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1717 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter I: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES / Section 1717: Reopening proceedings
Reopening proceedings
Status: in_force

A parent or guardian of a child, or parents or guardians of children similarly situated, transported to a public school in accordance with a court order, or an educational agency subject to a court order or a desegregation plan under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.] in effect on August 21, 1974, and intended to end segregation of students on the basis of race, color, or national origin, may seek to reopen or intervene in the further implementation of such court order, currently in effect, if the time or distance of travel is so great as to risk the health of the student or significantly impinge on his or her educational process.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §218, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 518.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1455 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1455: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this part such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2005 through 2010.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §655, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2774.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1455, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §655, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 129, set out minimum State grant amounts, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

A prior section 1456, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §656, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 129, which authorized appropriations, was omitted in the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.
20 U.S.C. § 6031 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter IX: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT / Section 6031: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-279, title IV, §403(2), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title IX, §931, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 227, established the National Institute on Student Achievement, Curriculum, and Assessment, the National Institute on the Education of At-Risk Students, the National Institute on Educational Governance, Finance, Policy-Making, and Management, the National Institute on Early Childhood Development and Education, and the National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries, and Lifelong Education.
20 U.S.C. § 80t (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XVI: WOMEN'S HISTORY MUSEUM / Section 80t: Findings
Findings
Status: in_force

Congress finds the following:

(1) Since its founding, the United States has greatly benefitted from the contributions of women.

(2) Historical accounts, monuments, memorials, and museums disproportionately represent men's achievements and contributions and often neglect those of women. For example—

(A) a study of 18 United States history textbooks concluded that 10 percent of the material documented contributions of women;

(B) 9 statues out of 91 in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall depict women; and

(C) only one of the 44 monuments operated by the National Park Service specifically honors the achievements of women after the 2016 designation of the Belmont-Paul Women's Equality National Monument.

(3) There exists no national museum in the United States that is devoted to the documentation of women's contributions throughout the Nation's history.

(4) On December 19, 2014, Congress created a Congressional Commission to study the potential for an American museum of women's history. The bipartisan Commission unanimously concluded that the United States needs and deserves a physical national museum dedicated to showcasing the historical experiences and impact of women in the United States.

(5) A comprehensive women's history museum would document the full spectrum of the experiences of women in the United States, represent a diverse range of viewpoints, experiences, and backgrounds, more accurately depict the history of the United States, and add value to the Smithsonian Institution.

(6) The collections, exhibits, historical narrative materials, and museum programming of the women's history museum should be inclusive, comprehensive, and innovative. Such collections, exhibits, materials, and programming should present the diverse range of experiences and viewpoints of all women in the United States, reflecting upon the things that set women apart from one another while also highlighting the experiences that many of these women share.

(Pub. L. 116–260, div. T, title I, §102, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2272.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 116–260, div. T, title I, §101, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2272, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Smithsonian American Women's History Museum Act'."
20 U.S.C. § 869b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter III: STRENGTHENING STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Section 869b: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-648, title IV, §403, Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1925
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-648, title IV, §403, Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1925
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §553, formerly §507, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 51, amended Pub. L. 89–750, title I, §153, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1204; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 91–230, title I, §143(a)(3), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 142, relating to interchange of personnel of Office of Education with States, provided in subsec. (a), definitions; subsec. (b), authorization for interchange and period of assignment; subsec. (c), Federal personnel assigned to States, compensation, continuation of Federal employment benefits, and disability; subsec. (d), reimbursement by States for services of assigned Federal personnel; subsec. (e), travel expenses of assigned Federal personnel; subsec. (f), State personnel assigned duty with Office of Education; subsec. (g), conflict of interest, disability of State personnel assigned with Office of Education; subsec. (h), travel expenses of assigned personnel; and subsec. (i), assignments of personnel subject to regulations of Commissioner.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective sixty days after Jan. 5, 1971, see section 404 of Pub. L. 91–648, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3371 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
20 U.S.C. § 2951 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: BASIC PROGRAMS / Section 2951: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 2951, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1541, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 209, related to establishment of effective schools programs.

A prior section 2951, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §311, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2211, set out the short title and declaration of purpose for program of metric education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 2952, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1542, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 210, defined "effective schools programs".

Prior sections 2952 to 2954 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 2952, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §312, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2211; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized a program of grants and contracts and provided a definition of "metric system of measurement".

Section 2953, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §313, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2212; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to applications for financial assistance.

Section 2954, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §314, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2212, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 53a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter I: CHARTER PROVISIONS / Section 53a: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

Appropriations are authorized for the maintenance of the Astrophysical Observatory and the making of solar observations at high altitudes; for repairs and alterations of buildings and grounds occupied by the Smithsonian Institution in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; and for preparation of manuscripts, drawings, and illustrations for publications.

(Aug. 22, 1949, ch. 494, §2, 63 Stat. 623.)
20 U.S.C. § 5411 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 64: EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION / Subchapter VI: SCIENCE SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 5411: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–589, title VI, §621, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2907; Pub. L. 102–103, title III, §314(b), Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, §1556(b), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 840, established National Academy of Science, Space, and Technology.
20 U.S.C. § 4801 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 60: FUND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT AND REFORM OF SCHOOLS AND TEACHING / Section 4801: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §365, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §365, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3202, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 338, established Fund for the Improvement and Reform of Schools and Teaching.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3201, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 338, provided that part B of title III of Pub. L. 100–297 (enacting this chapter) could be cited as the "Fund for the Improvement and Reform of Schools and Teaching Act", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §365, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975.
20 U.S.C. § 955a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 26: SUPPORT AND SCHOLARSHIP IN HUMANITIES AND ARTS; MUSEUM SERVICES / Subchapter I: NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES / Section 955a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 98–146, title II, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 949, which provided that persons serving on National Council on the Arts continue until their successors are qualified for office, was omitted as superseded. See section 955(c) of this title as amended by Pub. L. 98–306. Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 97–394, title II, Dec. 30, 1982, 96 Stat. 1994.
20 U.S.C. § 1753 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter II: ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Section 1753: Uniform rules of evidence requirement
Uniform rules of evidence requirement
Status: in_force

The rules of evidence required to prove that State or local authorities are practicing racial discrimination in assigning students to public schools shall be uniform throughout the United States.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §254, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 520.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3061 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: SPECIAL PROGRAMS / Section 3061: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3061, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4101, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 237, provided that this part could be referred to as the "Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act of 1988".

A prior section 3061, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §391, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2227, set out short title for program of population education, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3062, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4102, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 237, stated Congressional findings and purposes.

A prior section 3062, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §392, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title III, §301(a), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2227; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized a program of grants and contracts relating to population education in elementary and secondary schools, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3063, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4103, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 237; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §427(b)(2), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 549, defined terms used in this part.

A prior section 3063, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §393, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(b), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1471, set out short title and Congressional findings and declaration of purpose for program promoting international understanding, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3064, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4104, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 238, authorized grants and contracts for programs and projects to meet educational needs of gifted and talented students.

A prior section 3064, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §394, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(b), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1471, authorized a program of grants and contracts to promote international understanding, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3065, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4105, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 239, related to program priorities.

A prior section 3065, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §395, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, §601(b), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1471, authorized appropriations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3066, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4106, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 239, related to participation of private school children and teachers.

Section 3067, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4107, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 239, related to administration.

Section 3068, Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4108, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 240, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 9110 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 9110: Hearings
Hearings
Status: in_force

The Director is authorized to conduct hearings at such times and places as the Director determines appropriate for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §210B, as added Pub. L. 111–340, title I, §107, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3599.)
20 U.S.C. § 973 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 26A: INDEMNITY FOR EXHIBITIONS OF ARTS AND ARTIFACTS / Section 973: Application for indemnity agreements
Application for indemnity agreements
Status: in_force

(a) Parties

Any person, nonprofit agency, institution, or government desiring to make an indemnity agreement for eligible items under this chapter shall make application therefor in accordance with such procedures, in such form, and in such manner as the Council shall, by regulation, prescribe.

(b) Contents

An application under subsection (a) shall—

(1) describe each item to be covered by the agreement (including an estimated value of such item);

(2) show evidence that the items are eligible under section 972(a) of this title; and

(3) set forth policies, procedures, techniques, and methods with respect to preparation for, and conduct of, exhibition of the items, and any transportation related to such items.

(c) Approval

Upon receipt of an application under this section, the Council shall, if such application conforms with the requirements of this chapter, approve the application and make an indemnity agreement with the applicant. Upon such approval, the agreement shall constitute a contract between the Council and the applicant pledging the full faith and credit of the United States to pay any amount for which the Council becomes liable under such agreement. The Council, for such purpose, is hereby authorized to pledge the full faith and credit of the United States.

(Pub. L. 94–158, §4, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 845.)
20 U.S.C. § 76s (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter V: JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS / Section 76s: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter, the terms "building and site of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts" and "grounds of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts" refer to the site in the District of Columbia on which the John F. Kennedy Center building is constructed and that extends to the line of the west face of the west retaining walls and curbs of the Inner Loop Freeway on the east, the north face of the north retaining walls and curbs of the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge approaches on the south, the east face of the east retaining walls and curbs of Rock Creek Parkway on the west, and the south curbs of New Hampshire Avenue and F Street on the north, as generally depicted on the map entitled "Transfer of John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts", numbered 844/82563, and dated April 20, 1994 (as amended by the map entitled "Transfer of John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts", numbered 844/82563A and dated May 22, 1997), which shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the National Capital Region, National Park Service, Department of the Interior. Upon completion of the project for establishment of the John F. Kennedy Center Plaza authorized by section 76q–1 of this title, the Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall amend the map that is on file and available for public inspection under the preceding sentence.

(Pub. L. 85–874, §14, formerly §13, as added Pub. L. 103–279, §8, July 21, 1994, 108 Stat. 1416; amended Pub. L. 105–95, §4, Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2149; renumbered §14 and amended Pub. L. 107–224, §§2(1), 4(b), Sept. 18, 2002, 116 Stat. 1340, 1343.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–224, §4(b), inserted at end: "Upon completion of the project for establishment of the John F. Kennedy Center Plaza authorized by section 76q–1 of this title, the Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall amend the map that is on file and available for public inspection under the preceding sentence."

1997—Pub. L. 105–95 inserted "(as amended by the map entitled 'Transfer of John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts', numbered 844/82563A and dated May 22, 1997)" after "April 20, 1994".
20 U.S.C. § 758 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 21: HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES / Subchapter IV: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 758: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 88–204, title IV, §408, as added Pub. L. 89–769, §7(a), Nov. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 1318; amended Pub. L. 90–21, title I, §101, May 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 36; Pub. L. 90–575, title IV, §404, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1061; Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(g), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(g), formerly title VI, §602(g), May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 164, renumbered title VII, §702(g), Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3100, related to assistance for higher education construction in major disaster areas.
20 U.S.C. § 3420 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter II: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT / Section 3420: Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students
Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students
Status: in_force

There shall be in the Department an Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students, to be administered by a Director of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students, who shall be appointed by the Secretary. The Director shall coordinate the administration of bilingual education programs by the Department and shall consult with the Secretary concerning policy decisions affecting bilingual education and minority languages affairs. The Director shall report directly to the Secretary, and shall perform such additional functions as the Secretary may prescribe.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title II, §209, formerly §210, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 675; renumbered §209, Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §271(a)(2), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3929; amended Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1072(b), (c)(2)(A), (d), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2089.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 209 of Pub. L. 96–88 was renumbered section 208 and was classified to section 3419 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–279.

Amendments

2002—Pub. L. 107–110, §1072(d), substituted "Director of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students" for "Director of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs".

Pub. L. 107–110, §1072(b), (c)(2)(A), substituted "Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students" for "Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs" in section catchline and in text.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7915 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7915: Rulemaking
Rulemaking
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall issue regulations under this chapter only to the extent that such regulations are necessary to ensure that there is compliance with the specific requirements and assurances required by this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8535, formerly title IX, §9535, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985; renumbered title VIII, §8535, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
20 U.S.C. § 6456 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6456: Accountability
Accountability
Status: in_force

The State educational agency may—

(1) reduce or terminate funding for projects under this subpart if a local educational agency does not show progress in the number of children and youth attaining a regular high school diploma or its recognized equivalent; and

(2) require correctional facilities or institutions for neglected or delinquent children and youth to demonstrate, after receiving assistance under this subpart for 3 years, that there has been an increase in the number of children and youth returning to school, attaining a regular high school diploma or its recognized equivalent, or attaining employment after such children and youth are released.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1426, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1590; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1401(13), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1905.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6456, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1426, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3600, related to accountability, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Par. (1). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(13)(A), substituted "the number of children and youth attaining a regular high school diploma or its recognized equivalent" for "reducing dropout rates for male students and for female students over a 3-year period".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 114–95, §1401(13)(B), substituted "attaining a regular high school diploma" for "obtaining a secondary school diploma" and "attaining employment" for "obtaining employment".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1070b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1070b: Purpose; appropriations authorized
Purpose; appropriations authorized
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose of subpart

It is the purpose of this subpart to provide, through institutions of higher education, supplemental grants to assist in making available the benefits of postsecondary education to qualified students who demonstrate financial need in accordance with the provisions of part F of this subchapter.

(b) Authorization of appropriations

(1) For the purpose of enabling the Secretary to make payments to institutions of higher education which have made agreements with the Secretary in accordance with section 1070b–2(a) of this title, for use by such institutions for payments to undergraduate students of supplemental grants awarded to them under this subpart, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(2) Sums appropriated pursuant to this subsection for any fiscal year shall be available for payments to institutions until the end of the second fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year for which such sums were appropriated.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §413A, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, §401(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1328; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IV, §403(b), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 105–244, title IV, §406(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1664.; Pub. L. 110–315, title IV, §406(a), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3215.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1070b, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, §413A, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §131(b)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 251; amended Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §122(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2094; Pub. L. 96–49, §5(a)(3), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 96–374, title IV, §403(a), (b), title XIII, §1391(a)(1), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1404, 1405, 1503, related to program of supplemental educational opportunity grants purpose, authorization of appropriations, and initial year payment provisions, prior to the general revision of this part by Pub. L. 99–498.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–315 substituted "such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years" for "$675,000,000 for fiscal year 1999 and such sums as may be necessary for the 4 succeeding fiscal years".

1998—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–244 substituted "1999" for "1993".

1992—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–325 amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing appropriation of $490,000,000 for fiscal year 1987 and such sums as necessary for 4 succeeding fiscal years.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4514 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 57: JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 4514: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(1) the term "Board" means the Board of Trustees of the James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation;

(2) the term "Foundation" means the James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation;

(3) the term "institution of higher education" has the same meaning given that term by section 1001 of this title; and

(4) the term "secondary school" has the same meaning given that term by section 7801 of this title.

(Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title VIII, §815], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–81, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title VIII, §815], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–81; Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §102(a)(6)(G), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1076(m), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2092; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9215(vv), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2184.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Amendments

2015—Par. (4). Pub. L. 114–95 made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7801 of this title.

2002—Par. (4). Pub. L. 107–110 substituted "7801" for "8801".

1998—Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–244, §102(a)(6)(G)(i), substituted "section 1001" for "section 1141(a)".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–244, §102(a)(6)(G)(ii), substituted "section 8801" for "section 1141(d)".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1234h (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234h: Use of recovered funds
Use of recovered funds
Status: in_force

(a) Repayment to recipient; factors considered

Whenever the Secretary recovers funds paid to a recipient under a grant or cooperative agreement made under an applicable program because the recipient made an expenditure of funds that was not allowable, or otherwise failed to discharge its responsibility to account properly for funds, the Secretary may consider those funds to be additional funds available for that program and may arrange to repay to the recipient affected by that action an amount not to exceed 75 percent of the recovered funds if the Secretary determines that—

(1) the practices or procedures of the recipient that resulted in the violation of law have been corrected, and that the recipient is in all other respects in compliance with the requirements of that program, provided that the recipient was notified of any noncompliance with such requirements and given a reasonable period of time to remedy such noncompliance;

(2) the recipient has submitted to the Secretary a plan for the use of those funds pursuant to the requirements of that program and, to the extent possible, for the benefit of the population that was affected by the failure to comply or by the misuse of funds that resulted in the recovery; and

(3) the use of those funds in accordance with that plan would serve to achieve the purposes of the program under which the funds were originally paid.

(b) Terms and conditions of repayment

Any payments by the Secretary under this section shall be subject to such other terms and conditions as the Secretary considers necessary to accomplish the purposes of the affected programs, including—

(1) the submission of periodic reports on the use of funds provided under this section; and

(2) consultation by the recipient with students, parents, or representatives of the population that will benefit from the payments.

(c) Availability of funds

Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the funds made available under this section shall remain available for expenditure for a period of time deemed reasonable by the Secretary, but in no case to exceed more than three fiscal years following the later of—

(1) the fiscal year in which final agency action under section 1234a(e) of this title is taken; or

(2) if such recipient files a petition for judicial review, the fiscal year in which final judicial action under section 1234g of this title is taken.

(d) Publication in Federal Register of notice of intent to enter into repayment arrangement

At least 30 days prior to entering into an arrangement under this section, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of intent to enter into such an arrangement and the terms and conditions under which payments will be made. Interested persons shall have an opportunity for at least 30 days to submit comments to the Secretary regarding the proposed arrangement.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §459, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 356; amended Pub. L. 103–382, title II, §250(b), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3927.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–382, §250(b)(1), inserted before semicolon ", provided that the recipient was notified of any noncompliance with such requirements and given a reasonable period of time to remedy such noncompliance".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–382, §250(b)(2), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the funds made available under this section shall remain available for expenditure for a period of time deemed reasonable by the Secretary, but in no case to exceed more than 3 fiscal years following the fiscal year in which final agency action under section 1234a(e) of this title is taken."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1234 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1234c (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234c: Remedies for existing violations
Remedies for existing violations
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever the Secretary has reason to believe that any recipient of funds under any applicable program is failing to comply substantially with any requirement of law applicable to such funds, the Secretary may—

(1) withhold further payments under that program, as authorized by section 1234d of this title;

(2) issue a complaint to compel compliance through a cease and desist order of the Office, as authorized by section 1234e of this title;

(3) enter into a compliance agreement with a recipient to bring it into compliance, as authorized by section 1234f of this title; or

(4) take any other action authorized by law with respect to the recipient.

(b) Any action, or failure to take action, by the Secretary under this section shall not preclude the Secretary from seeking a recovery of funds under section 1234a of this title.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §454, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1232, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2349; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 354.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to remedies for existing violations for provisions relating to cease and desist orders. See section 1234e of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1234 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6141 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 69: SCHOOL-TO-WORK OPPORTUNITIES / Subchapter II: SCHOOL-TO-WORK OPPORTUNITIES SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION GRANTS TO STATES / Section 6141: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 6141 to 6148 were omitted pursuant to section 6251 of this title which provided that the authority under this chapter terminated on Oct. 1, 2001.

Section 6141, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §211, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 582, stated purpose of this part.

Section 6142, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §212, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 582, authorized grants to States and territories.

Section 6143, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §213, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(v), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2175, related to application for grant.

Section 6144, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §214, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 586, related to review of application.

Section 6145, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §215, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 587, related to use of amounts from grant.

Section 6146, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §216, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 591, related to allocation requirement.

Section 6147, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §217, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 591, related to limitation on administrative costs.

Section 6148, Pub. L. 103–239, title II, §218, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 591, required reports by State.
20 U.S.C. § 7120 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7120: Supplement, not supplant
Supplement, not supplant
Status: in_force

Funds made available under this subpart shall be used to supplement, and not supplant, non-Federal funds that would otherwise be used for activities authorized under this subpart.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4110, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4101, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1982.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 971 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 26A: INDEMNITY FOR EXHIBITIONS OF ARTS AND ARTIFACTS / Section 971: Agreements to indemnify against loss or damage
Agreements to indemnify against loss or damage
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities

The Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Council"), established under section 958 of this title, is authorized to make agreements to indemnify against loss or damage such items as may be eligible for such indemnity agreements under section 972 of this title—

(1) in accordance with the provisions of this chapter; and

(2) on such terms and conditions as the Council shall prescribe, by regulation, in order to achieve the purposes of this chapter and, consistent with such purposes, to protect the financial interest of the United States.

(b) Council as "agency"

(1) For purposes of this chapter, the Council shall be an "agency" within the meaning of the appropriate definitions of such term in title 5.

(2) For purposes of this chapter, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the Director of the National Gallery of Art, the member designated by the Chairman of the Senate Commission of Art and Antiquities and the member designated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall not serve as members of the Council.

(Pub. L. 94–158, §2, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 99–194, title III, §301, Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1345.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1985—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–194 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 94–158, §9, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 846, provided that: "This Act [see Short Title note below] shall become effective 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 1975]."

Short Title

Pub. L. 94–158, §1, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 844, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter and provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Arts and Artifacts Indemnity Act'."
20 U.S.C. § 3471 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 3471: General authority
General authority
Status: in_force

(a) Force and effect of actions by Secretary

In carrying out any function transferred by this chapter, the Secretary, or any officer or employee of the Department, may exercise any authority available by law (including appropriation Acts) with respect to such function to the official or agency from which such function is transferred, and the actions of the Secretary in exercising such authority shall have the same force and effect as when exercised by such official or agency.

(b) Reporting requirements

(1) The director of any office continued in the Department the director of which was required, prior to May 4, 1980, to report to the Commissioner of Education or the Assistant Secretary for Education of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, shall report to the Secretary.

(2) The Secretary is authorized to delegate reporting requirements vested in the Secretary by paragraph (1) to any officer or employee of the Department.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title IV, §411, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 683.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (b)(1), "May 4, 1980" substituted for "the effective date of this chapter" pursuant to section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7916 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7916: Severability
Severability
Status: in_force

If any provision of this chapter is held invalid, the remainder of this chapter shall be unaffected thereby.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8536, formerly title IX, §9536, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985; renumbered title VIII, §8536, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
20 U.S.C. § 7291 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter IV: 21ST CENTURY SCHOOLS / Section 7291: Awards for academic enrichment
Awards for academic enrichment
Status: in_force

(a) Program authorized

From funds reserved under section 7251(b)(2)(C) of this title, the Secretary shall award grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities for the purposes of enriching the academic experience of students by promoting—

(1) arts education for disadvantaged students and students who are children with disabilities, as described in section 7292 of this title;

(2) school readiness through the development and dissemination of accessible instructional programming for preschool and elementary school children and their families, as described in section 7293 of this title; and

(3) support for high-ability learners and high-ability learning, as described in section 7294 of this title.

(b) Annual awards

The Secretary shall annually make awards to fulfill each of the purposes described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (a).

(Pub. L. 89–10, title IV, §4641, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4601, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2033.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1702 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter I: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES / Section 1702: Congressional findings
Congressional findings
Status: in_force

(a) Dual school systems as denial of equal protection; depletion of financial resources of local educational agencies; transportation of students; inadequacy of guidelines

The Congress finds that—

(1) the maintenance of dual school systems in which students are assigned to schools solely on the basis of race, color, sex, or national origin denies to those students the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment;

(2) for the purpose of abolishing dual school systems and eliminating the vestiges thereof, many local educational agencies have been required to reorganize their school systems, to reassign students, and to engage in the extensive transportation of students;

(3) the implementation of desegregation plans that require extensive student transportation has, in many cases, required local educational agencies to expend large amounts of funds, thereby depleting their financial resources available for the maintenance or improvement of the quality of educational facilities and instruction provided;

(4) transportation of students which creates serious risks to their health and safety, disrupts the educational process carried out with respect to such students, and impinges significantly on their educational opportunity, is excessive;

(5) the risks and harms created by excessive transportation are particularly great for children enrolled in the first six grades; and

(6) the guidelines provided by the courts for fashioning remedies to dismantle dual school systems have been, as the Supreme Court of the United States has said, "incomplete and imperfect," and have not established, a clear, rational, and uniform standard for determining the extent to which a local educational agency is required to reassign and transport its students in order to eliminate the vestiges of a dual school system.

(b) Necessity of Congress to specify appropriate remedies for elimination of dual school systems

For the foregoing reasons, it is necessary and proper that the Congress, pursuant to the powers granted to it by the Constitution of the United States, specify appropriate remedies for the elimination of the vestiges of dual school systems, except that the provisions of this chapter are not intended to modify or diminish the authority of the courts of the United States to enforce fully the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution of the United States.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §203, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 514.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6066 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter X: MISCELLANEOUS / Section 6066: Public schools
Public schools
Status: in_force

Except as provided in section 5890 1 of this title, nothing in this chapter shall be construed to authorize the use of funds under subchapter III 1 of this chapter to directly or indirectly benefit any school other than a public school.

(Pub. L. 103–227, title X, §1020, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 269.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 5890 of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(4) [title III, §310(i)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–265.

Subchapter III of this chapter, referred to in text, was in the original a reference to title III of Pub. L. 103–227, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 157, which was classified generally to subchapter III (§5881 et seq.) of this chapter and was repealed by Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(4) [title III, §310(i)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–265.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 887d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 24: GRANTS FOR EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, FACILITIES AND SERVICES, AND STRENGTHENING OF EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES / Subchapter V: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 887d: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title III, §301(b)(1)(F), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2228
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title III, §301(b)(1)(F), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2228
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §811, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title V, §505(a)(3), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 348; amended Pub. L. 93–380, title IV, §407(a), Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 553, related to consumers' education programs.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Sept. 30, 1979, see section 301(b)(1) of Pub. L. 95–561.

Congressional Declaration of Findings and Purpose

Pub. L. 92–318, §505(a)(1), (2), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 348, provided the findings and purpose of Congress for this section.
20 U.S.C. § 6811 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter III: LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS AND IMMIGRANT STUDENTS / Section 6811: Short title
Short title
Status: in_force

This part may be cited as the "English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement Act".

(Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3101, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title III, §301, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1690.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6811, Pub. L. 89–10, title III, §3111, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3637, set forth findings, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 3101 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6801 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
20 U.S.C. § 2009a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 42: HARRY S TRUMAN MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIPS / Section 2009a: Investment of amounts appropriated and contributed to Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Trust Fund
Investment of amounts appropriated and contributed to Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Trust Fund
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding section 2009(b) of this title, on and after December 26, 2007, at the request of the Board of Trustees of the Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest in full the amounts appropriated and contributed to the Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Trust Fund, as provided in such section. All requests of the Board of Trustees to the Secretary provided for in this section shall be binding on the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VI, §619, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2016.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2008, and also as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, and not as part of the Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Act which comprises this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 80o (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XII: MUSEUM OF AFRICAN ART / Section 80o: Director, officers, and employees; appointment, compensation, and duties
Director, officers, and employees; appointment, compensation, and duties
Status: in_force

The Board may appoint and fix the compensation and duties of the Director and such other officers and employees of the Museum as may be necessary for the efficient administration, operation, and maintenance of the Museum; the Director and two other employees of the Museum may be appointed and compensated without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5; and all of the employees of the Museum who are serving on the date of the transfer authorized under section 80k of this title shall be offered employment by the Smithsonian under its usual terms of employment and may be appointed without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 95–414, §5, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 912.)
20 U.S.C. § 80i (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XI: WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS / Section 80i: Authorization of appropriations; limitations
Authorization of appropriations; limitations
Status: in_force

There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Board such funds as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter: Provided, That no more than $200,000 shall be authorized for appropriation through fiscal year 1970 and no part of that appropriation shall be available for construction purposes.

(Pub. L. 90–637, §7, formerly §6, Oct. 24, 1968, 82 Stat. 1359, renumbered Pub. L. 95–286, §1(1), May 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 278.)
20 U.S.C. § 402 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 17: NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION PROGRAM / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 402: Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(f)(2), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 173
Repealed. Pub. L. 91-230, title IV, §401(f)(2), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 173
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 85–864, title I, §102, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1582, prohibited Federal control of education (curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution or school system. See section 1232a of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 6674 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6674: Technical assistance and national evaluation
Technical assistance and national evaluation
Status: in_force

(a) In general

From the funds reserved under section 6671(3) of this title for a fiscal year, the Secretary—

(1) shall establish, in a manner consistent with section 9602 of this title, a comprehensive center on students at risk of not attaining full literacy skills due to a disability that meets the purposes of subsection (b); and

(2) may—

(A) provide technical assistance, which may be carried out directly or through grants or contracts, to States and local educational agencies carrying out activities under this part; and

(B) carry out evaluations of activities by States and local educational agencies under this part, which shall be conducted by a third party or by the Institute of Education Sciences.

(b) Purposes

The comprehensive center established by the Secretary under subsection (a)(1) shall—

(1) identify or develop free or low-cost evidence-based assessment tools for identifying students at risk of not attaining full literacy skills due to a disability, including dyslexia impacting reading or writing, or developmental delay impacting reading, writing, language processing, comprehension, or executive functioning;

(2) identify evidence-based literacy instruction, strategies, and accommodations, including assistive technology, designed to meet the specific needs of such students;

(3) provide families of such students with information to assist such students;

(4) identify or develop evidence-based professional development for teachers, paraprofessionals, principals, other school leaders, and specialized instructional support personnel to—

(A) understand early indicators of students at risk of not attaining full literacy skills due to a disability, including dyslexia impacting reading or writing, or developmental delay impacting reading, writing, language processing, comprehension, or executive functioning;

(B) use evidence-based screening assessments for early identification of such students beginning not later than kindergarten; and

(C) implement evidence-based instruction designed to meet the specific needs of such students; and

(5) disseminate the products of the comprehensive center to regionally diverse State educational agencies, local educational agencies, regional educational agencies, and schools, including, as appropriate, through partnerships with other comprehensive centers established under section 9602 of this title, and regional educational laboratories established under section 9564 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2244, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1951.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6674, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2304, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1651, related to participation agreements with, and financial assistance for, Troops-to-Teachers Program participants, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §541(d)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1735.

Another prior section 6674, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2304, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3634, related to plan for program to be assisted, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 741 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 21: HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES / Subchapter III: LOANS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ACADEMIC FACILITIES / Section 741: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 741, Pub. L. 88–204, title III, §301, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 372, authorized the Commissioner to make loans for construction of academic facilities.

Section 742, Pub. L. 88–204, title III, §302, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 372, prescribed the maximum amount of loans allowable within any State.

Section 743, Pub. L. 88–204, title III, §303, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 372; Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §§702(e), 703(a), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1268; Pub. L. 89–429, §4(a), May 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 89–752, §5, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1242; Pub. L. 90–575, title IV, §§401(c), 402(a)(4), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1059, 1060, related to eligibility conditions, amounts and terms of loans, and authorization of appropriations.

Section 744, Pub. L. 88–204, title III, §304, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 373; Pub. L. 89–752, §7, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1243, related to finality and conclusiveness of Commissioner's transactions and additional powers and duties of Commissioner.

Section 745, Pub. L. 88–204, title III, §305, as added Pub. L. 89–429, §4(b), May 24, 1966, 80 Stat. 166, related to Revolving Loan Fund.
20 U.S.C. § 1102 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter V: DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONS / Section 1102: Purposes
Purposes
Status: in_force

The purposes of this part are—

(1) to expand postbaccalaureate educational opportunities for, and improve the academic attainment of, Hispanic students; and

(2) to expand the postbaccalaureate academic offerings and enhance the program quality in the institutions of higher education that are educating the majority of Hispanic college students and helping large numbers of Hispanic and low-income students complete postsecondary degrees.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §511, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title V, §502(a)(3), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3331.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1102, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §501, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title V, §501(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 655, related to authority and allocation of funds and defined terms, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 1102, Pub. L. 89–329, title V, §512, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1255; Pub. L. 90–35, §3(a)(3), (4), June 29, 1967, 81 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §142, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 286; Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §151(a)(5)(B), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2152; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(b)(2), title V, §508(l)(3), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 694; Pub. L. 96–374, title XIII, §1391(a)(1), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1503, related to establishment and administration of program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

A prior section 511 of Pub. L. 89–329 was renumbered section 521, and is classified to section 1103 of this title.

Another prior section 511 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1103 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 511 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1103 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 511 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1101 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35.
20 U.S.C. § 9221 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 73: ADULT EDUCATION AND LITERACY / Subchapter I: ADULT EDUCATION AND FAMILY LITERACY / Section 9221: Repealed. Pub. L. 113-128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705
Repealed. Pub. L. 113-128, title V, §511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1705
Status: repealed

Section 9221, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §221, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1066, related to State administration of activities under this part.

Section 9222, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §222, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1066, related to State distribution of funds and matching requirement.

Section 9223, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §223, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1067, related to State leadership activities.

Section 9224, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §224, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1068; Pub. L. 105–332, §4(1), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3126, provided for the requirement of a 5-year State plan.

Section 9225, Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §225, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1069; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §404(d)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–417, related to programs for corrections education and other institutionalized individuals.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the first day of the first full program year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor.
20 U.S.C. § 7341a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter V: FLEXIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY / Section 7341a: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this part to address the unique needs of rural school districts that frequently—

(1) lack the personnel and resources needed to compete effectively for Federal competitive grants; and

(2) receive formula grant allocations in amounts too small to be effective in meeting their intended purposes.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title V, §5202, formerly title VI, §6202, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VI, §601, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1891; renumbered title V, §5202, Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5001(a)(2), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2039, 2040.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5202 of Pub. L. 89–10 was renumbered section 4302 and was classified to section 7221a of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95.

Another prior section 5202 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7232 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter V of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Review Relating to Rural Local Educational Agencies

Pub. L. 114–95, title V, §5005, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2045, provided that:

"(a) Review and Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 10, 2015], the Secretary of Education shall—

"(1) review the organization, structure, and process and procedures of the Department of Education for administering its programs and developing policy and regulations, in order to—

"(A) assess the methods and manner through which, and the extent to which, the Department of Education takes into account, considers input from, and addresses the unique needs and characteristics of rural schools and rural local educational agencies; and

"(B) determine actions that the Department of Education can take to meaningfully increase the consideration and participation of rural schools and rural local educational agencies in the development and execution of the processes, procedures, policies, and regulations of the Department of Education;

"(2) make public a preliminary report containing the information described in paragraph (1) and provide Congress and the public with 60 days to comment on the proposed actions described in paragraph (1)(B); and

"(3) issue a final report to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives, which shall describe the final actions developed pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) after taking into account the comments submitted under paragraph (2).

"(b) Implementation.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 10, 2015], the Secretary of Education shall—

"(1) carry out each action described in the report under subsection (a)(3); or

"(2) in a case in which an action is not carried out, provide a written explanation to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives of why the action was not carried out."
20 U.S.C. § 6663 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6663: National activities
National activities
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

The purpose of this section is to promote new and existing evidence-based strategies to encourage innovative American history, civics and government, and geography instruction, learning strategies, and professional development activities and programs for teachers, principals, or other school leaders, particularly such instruction, strategies, activities, and programs that benefit low-income students and underserved populations.

(b) In general

From the amounts reserved by the Secretary under section 6661(b)(2) of this title, the Secretary shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities for the purposes of expanding, developing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating for voluntary use, innovative, evidence-based approaches or professional development programs in American history, civics and government, and geography, which—

(1) shall—

(A) show potential to improve the quality of student achievement in, and teaching of, American history, civics and government, or geography, in elementary schools and secondary schools; and

(B) demonstrate innovation, scalability, accountability, and a focus on underserved populations; and

(2) may include—

(A) hands-on civic engagement activities for teachers and students; and

(B) programs that educate students about the history and principles of the Constitution of the United States, including the Bill of Rights.

(c) Program periods and diversity of projects

(1) In general

A grant awarded by the Secretary to an eligible entity under this section shall be for a period of not more than 3 years.

(2) Renewal

The Secretary may renew a grant awarded under this section for 1 additional 2-year period.

(3) Diversity of projects

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that, to the extent practicable, grants are distributed among eligible entities that will serve geographically diverse areas, including urban, suburban, and rural areas.

(d) Applications

In order to receive a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(e) Eligible entity

In this section, the term "eligible entity" means an institution of higher education or other nonprofit or for-profit organization with demonstrated expertise in the development of evidence-based approaches with the potential to improve the quality of American history, civics and government, or geography learning and teaching.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2233, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1947.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6663, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2203, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1647, authorized appropriations to carry out part B of former subchapter II of this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–95, §5, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1806, 1913, effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs.

A prior section 2203 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 6643 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 2203 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3013 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1706 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 39: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND TRANSPORTATION OF STUDENTS / Subchapter I: EQUAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES / Section 1706: Civil actions by individuals denied equal educational opportunities or by Attorney General
Civil actions by individuals denied equal educational opportunities or by Attorney General
Status: in_force

An individual denied an equal educational opportunity, as defined by this subchapter may institute a civil action in an appropriate district court of the United States against such parties, and for such relief, as may be appropriate. The Attorney General of the United States (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Attorney General"), for or in the name of the United States, may also institute such a civil action on behalf of such an individual.

(Pub. L. 93–380, title II, §207, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 516.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–380, set out as a note under section 1221–1 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 9545 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 76: EDUCATION RESEARCH, STATISTICS, EVALUATION, INFORMATION, AND DISSEMINATION / Subchapter I: EDUCATION SCIENCES REFORM / Section 9545: Reports
Reports
Status: in_force

(a) Procedures for issuance of reports

The Statistics Commissioner,1 shall establish procedures, in accordance with section 9576 of this title, to ensure that the reports issued under this section are relevant, of high quality, useful to customers, subject to rigorous peer review, produced in a timely fashion, and free from any partisan political influence.

(b) Report on condition and progress of education

Not later than June 1, 2003, and each June 1 thereafter, the Statistics Commissioner,1 shall submit to the President and the appropriate congressional committees a statistical report on the condition and progress of education in the United States.

(c) Statistical reports

The Statistics Commissioner shall issue regular and, as necessary, special statistical reports on education topics, particularly in the core academic areas of reading, mathematics, and science, consistent with the priorities and the mission of the Statistics Center.

(Pub. L. 107–279, title I, §155, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1960.)

1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.