20 U.S.C. § 631 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 19: SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION IN AREAS AFFECTED BY FEDERAL ACTIVITIES / Section 631: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §331(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §331(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3965
Status: repealed

Section 631, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §1, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 548; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2031(b), 102 Stat. 301, related to Congressional declaration of purpose and authorization of appropriations.

Section 632, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §2, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 548; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to annual apportionment of funds and use of remainder of funds.

Section 633, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §3, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 548; amended Oct. 3, 1961, Pub. L. 87–344, title I, §101(a), 75 Stat. 759; Dec. 18, 1963, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §301(a), formerly §31(a), 77 Stat. 419, renumbered title III, §301(a), Oct. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), 82 Stat. 1064; Oct. 16, 1964, Pub. L. 88–665, title XI, §1101(a), 78 Stat. 1109; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–750, title II, §221, 80 Stat. 1213; Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–247, title III, §301(d)(1), 81 Stat. 813; Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title II, §§201(a)(1), 203(c)(3), 84 Stat. 154, 156; Aug. 21, 1974, Pub. L. 93–380, title III, §301(a)(1), 88 Stat. 521; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §2(13), 90 Stat. 375; Nov. 1, 1978, Pub. L. 95–561, title X, §1021(a), 92 Stat. 2311; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98–511, title III, §301(b)(1), 98 Stat. 2388; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §§2031(a)(1), 2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to dates for filing applications and priorities.

Section 634, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §4, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 549; amended Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–750, title II, §224, 80 Stat. 1214; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to Federal share of cost of any project.

Section 635, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §5, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 549; amended Nov. 1, 1965, Pub. L. 89–313, §5, 79 Stat. 1161; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–750, title II, §§222(a), (e), 223, 226, 227, 80 Stat. 1213–1215; Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–247, title II, §§205(b), 207, 81 Stat. 809; Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title II, §§203(a)(3), 204, 84 Stat. 155, 157; May 21, 1970, Pub. L. 91–260, 84 Stat. 254; Aug. 21, 1974, Pub. L. 93–380, title III, §302(a), 88 Stat. 521; Nov. 1, 1978, Pub. L. 95–561, title X, §1022, 92 Stat. 2312; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to limitation on total payments to local agencies.

Section 636, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §6, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 551; amended Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(g)(4), 84 Stat. 174; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to applications for payment.

Section 637, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §7, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 552; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to payments to local agencies.

Section 638, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §8, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 552; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to additional payments in unusual cases.

Section 639, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §9, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 553; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to procedure in cases of temporary Federal activities and donation of temporary school facilities.

Section 640, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §10, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 553; amended May 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–449, title V, §502, 74 Stat. 89; July 21, 1965, Pub. L. 89–77, §1, 79 Stat. 243; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–750, title II, §§228, 229, 80 Stat. 1215; Nov. 1, 1978, Pub. L. 95–561, title X, §§1023, 1031(b)(1), 92 Stat. 2312; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to children for whom local agencies are unable to provide education.

Section 641, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §11, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 554; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), (2), 102 Stat. 301, related to withholding of payments for noncompliance.

Section 642, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §12, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 554; amended Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(f)(3), (g)(4), 84 Stat. 173, 174; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to administration of this chapter.

Section 643, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §13, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 554; amended Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, §401(c)(3), 84 Stat. 173; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, related to Federal departments and agencies under this chapter.

Section 644, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §14, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 555; amended Oct. 3, 1961, Pub. L. 87–344, title I, §101(b), 75 Stat. 759; Dec. 18, 1963, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §301(b), formerly §31(b), 77 Stat. 419, renumbered Oct. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), 82 Stat. 1064; Oct. 16, 1964, Pub. L. 88–665, title XI, §1101(b), 78 Stat. 1109; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–750, title II, §225, 80 Stat. 1214; Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–247, title II, §203, 81 Stat. 807; Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title II, §§205(a), 206, 84 Stat. 158, 159; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §§2032(a)(1), 2034, 102 Stat. 301, related to assistance in other federally-affected areas.

Section 645, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §15, as added Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–620, title I, §101, 72 Stat. 556; amended June 25, 1959, Pub. L. 86–70, §18(c), 73 Stat. 144; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–624, §14(c), 74 Stat. 414; Oct. 3, 1961, Pub. L. 87–344, title I, §101(c), 75 Stat. 759; Dec. 18, 1963, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §301(c), formerly §31(c), 77 Stat. 419, renumbered Oct. 16, 1968, Pub. L. 90–576, title I, §101(a)(1), 82 Stat. 1064; Oct. 16, 1964, Pub. L. 88–665, title XI, §1101(c), (d), 78 Stat. 1109; Nov. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–750, title II, §§222(b)–(d), 230–232, 80 Stat. 1213–1216; Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–247, title II, §201, title III, §301(d)(2), 81 Stat. 806, 813; Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title II, §§201(a)(2), 203(a)(1), (2), 84 Stat. 154, 155; Aug. 12, 1970, Pub. L. 91–375, §§4(a), 6(o), 84 Stat. 773, 783; Aug. 21, 1974, Pub. L. 93–380, title III, §301(a)(2), 88 Stat. 521; Nov. 1, 1978, Pub. L. 95–561, title X, §§1021(b), 1031(b)(2), 92 Stat. 2312; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §§2031(a)(3), 2032(a)(1), (3), 102 Stat. 301, defined terms used in this chapter.

Section 646, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §16, as added Nov. 1, 1965, Pub. L. 89–313, §1, 79 Stat. 1158; amended Jan. 2, 1968, Pub. L. 90–247, title II, §217, 81 Stat. 810; Oct. 21, 1968, Pub. L. 90–608, ch. IV, §402, 82 Stat. 1194; Apr. 13, 1970, Pub. L. 91–230, title II, §201(c), 84 Stat. 154; Dec. 31, 1970, Pub. L. 91–606, title III, §301(f), 84 Stat. 1759; 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§1, 3(a)(1), eff. July 1, 1973, 38 F.R. 9579, 87 Stat. 1089; Dec. 10, 1973, Ex. Ord. No. 11749, §2(2), 38 F.R. 34177; May 22, 1974, Pub. L. 93–288, title VII, §702(f), formerly title VI, §602(f), 88 Stat. 164, renumbered title VII, §702(f), Oct. 5, 1994, Pub. L. 103–337, div. C, title XXXIV, §3411(a)(1), (2), 108 Stat. 3100; Aug. 21, 1974, Pub. L. 93–380, title III, §§301(b), 302(b), 88 Stat. 521, 522; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §3(6), 90 Stat. 376; Nov. 1, 1978, Pub. L. 95–561, title X, §§1010(b), 1021(a), 1024, 92 Stat. 2310–2312; July 20, 1979, Ex. Ord. No. 12148, §4–106, 44 F.R. 43239; Oct. 19, 1984, Pub. L. 98–511, title III, §301(b)(2), 98 Stat. 2388; Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §§2031(a)(2), 2032(a)(1), (b), 2033, 102 Stat. 301; Nov. 23, 1988, Pub. L. 100–707, title I, §109(j), 102 Stat. 4709, related to assistance in cases of certain disasters.

Section 647, act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 995, §17, as added Nov. 1, 1965, Pub. L. 89–313, §3, 79 Stat. 1161; amended Apr. 28, 1988, Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2032(a)(1), 102 Stat. 301, provided that announcement of decrease in or cessation of Federal activities in certain areas not to affect determination of payment.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1994, see section 3(a)(3)(B) of Pub. L. 103–382, set out as a note under section 236 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7402 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VI: INDIAN, NATIVE HAWAIIAN, AND ALASKA NATIVE EDUCATION / Section 7402: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this part to support the efforts of local educational agencies, Indian tribes and organizations, postsecondary institutions, and other entities—

(1) to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of Indian students, so that such students can meet the challenging State academic standards;

(2) to ensure that Indian students gain knowledge and understanding of Native communities, languages, tribal histories, traditions, and cultures; and

(3) to ensure that teachers, principals, other school leaders, and other staff who serve Indian students have the ability to provide culturally appropriate and effective instruction and supports to such students.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VI, §6102, formerly title VII, §7102, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, §701, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1907; renumbered title VI, §6102, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §§6001(a), (b)(1), 6002(b), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046, 2047.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 7402, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7102, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3716, set forth findings, policy, and purpose of Bilingual Education Act, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

A prior section 6102 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 7312 of this title, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter VI of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Another prior section 6102 of Pub. L. 89–10 was classified to section 3262 of this title, prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 103–382.

Prior sections 7403 to 7405 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7403, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7103, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3718, authorized appropriations for bilingual education.

Section 7404, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7104, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3718, related to Native American and Alaska Native children in school.

Section 7405, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7105, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3719, related to residents of territories and freely associated nations.

Amendments

2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §6002(b), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) Purpose.—It is the purpose of this part to support the efforts of local educational agencies, Indian tribes and organizations, postsecondary institutions, and other entities to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students, so that such students can meet the same challenging State student academic achievement standards as all other students are expected to meet.

"(b) Programs.—This part carries out the purpose described in subsection (a) of this section by authorizing programs of direct assistance for—

"(1) meeting the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of American Indians and Alaska Natives;

"(2) the education of Indian children and adults;

"(3) the training of Indian persons as educators and counselors, and in other professions serving Indian people; and

"(4) research, evaluation, data collection, and technical assistance."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4441 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 56: AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE AND ART DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter II: NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES / Section 4441: Program for Native Hawaiian and Alaska Native culture and arts development
Program for Native Hawaiian and Alaska Native culture and arts development
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to make grants for the purpose of supporting programs for Native Hawaiian or Alaska Native culture and arts development to any private, nonprofit organization or institution which—

(1) primarily serves and represents Native Hawaiians or Alaska Natives, and

(2) has been recognized by the Governor of the State of Hawaii or the Governor of the State of Alaska, as appropriate, for the purpose of making such organization or institution eligible to receive such grants.

(b) Purpose of grants

Grants made under subsection (a) shall, to the extent deemed possible by the Secretary and the recipient of the grant, be used—

(1) to provide scholarly study of, and instruction in, Native Hawaiian or Alaska Native art and culture,

(2) to establish programs which culminate in the awarding of degrees in the various fields of Native Hawaiian or Alaska Native art and culture, or

(3) to establish centers and programs with respect to Native Hawaiian or Alaska Native art and culture that are similar in purpose to the centers and programs described in subsections (b) and (c) of section 4417 of this title.

(c) Management of grants

(1) Any organization or institution which is the recipient of a grant made under subsection (a) shall establish a governing board to manage and control the program with respect to which such grant is made.

(2) For any grants made with respect to Native Hawaiian art and culture, the members of the governing board which is required to be established under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) be Native Hawaiians or individuals widely recognized in the field of Native Hawaiian art and culture,

(B) include a representative of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs of the State of Hawaii,

(C) include the president of the University of Hawaii,

(D) include the president of the Bishop Museum, and

(E) serve for a fixed term of office.

(3) For any grants made with respect to Alaska Native art and culture, the members of the governing board which is required to be established under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) include Alaska Natives and individuals widely recognized in the field of Alaska Native art and culture,

(B) represent the Eskimo, Indian and Aleut cultures of Alaska, and

(C) serve for a fixed term.

(Pub. L. 99–498, title XV, §1521, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 103–239, title VII, §722(2), May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 606.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Pub. L. 103–239 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to development program for Native Hawaiian and Alaska Native culture and arts for provisions relating to development program for Native Hawaiian culture and arts.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–239, §801, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 607, provided that: "This Act [see Short Title note set out under section 6101 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 4, 1994]."
20 U.S.C. § 1011d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1011d: Student representation
Student representation
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall, in appointing individuals to any commission, committee, board, panel, or other body in connection with the administration of this chapter, include individuals who are, at the time of appointment, attending an institution of higher education.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §115, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1593.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1145b of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.

A prior section 1011d, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §125, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title I, §101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 463, related to articulation agreements, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.
20 U.S.C. § 1140f (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1140f: Purpose
Purpose
Status: in_force

It is the purpose of this subpart to support model demonstration programs that promote the successful transition of students with intellectual disabilities into higher education.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §766, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §709(2), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3365.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 766 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132d–5 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.
20 U.S.C. § 5031 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 62: EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS / Subchapter I: ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION / Section 5031: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(i), (j), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(i), (j), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Status: repealed

Section 5031, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6041, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483, provided that this part could be cited as the "Educational Partnerships Act of 1988".

Section 5032, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6042, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483, stated purpose of this part.

Section 5033, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6043, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483, authorized grants to eligible partnerships to use public and private resources for various educational purposes.

Section 5034, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6044, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1483, related to authorized activities by eligible partnerships receiving payments.

Section 5035, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6045, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1484, related to applications for grants.

Section 5036, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6046, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1485, related to approval of applications.

Section 5037, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6047, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1485, related to computation of grant amounts.

Section 5038, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6048, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1485, related to evaluation by Secretary of grants and dissemination of information relating to assisted activities.

Section 5039, Pub. L. 100–418, title VI, §6049, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1486, defined terms used in this part.
20 U.S.C. § 1436 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1436: Individualized family service plan
Individualized family service plan
Status: in_force

(a) Assessment and program development

A statewide system described in section 1433 of this title shall provide, at a minimum, for each infant or toddler with a disability, and the infant's or toddler's family, to receive—

(1) a multidisciplinary assessment of the unique strengths and needs of the infant or toddler and the identification of services appropriate to meet such needs;

(2) a family-directed assessment of the resources, priorities, and concerns of the family and the identification of the supports and services necessary to enhance the family's capacity to meet the developmental needs of the infant or toddler; and

(3) a written individualized family service plan developed by a multidisciplinary team, including the parents, as required by subsection (e), including a description of the appropriate transition services for the infant or toddler.

(b) Periodic review

The individualized family service plan shall be evaluated once a year and the family shall be provided a review of the plan at 6-month intervals (or more often where appropriate based on infant or toddler and family needs).

(c) Promptness after assessment

The individualized family service plan shall be developed within a reasonable time after the assessment required by subsection (a)(1) is completed. With the parents' consent, early intervention services may commence prior to the completion of the assessment.

(d) Content of plan

The individualized family service plan shall be in writing and contain—

(1) a statement of the infant's or toddler's present levels of physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, and adaptive development, based on objective criteria;

(2) a statement of the family's resources, priorities, and concerns relating to enhancing the development of the family's infant or toddler with a disability;

(3) a statement of the measurable results or outcomes expected to be achieved for the infant or toddler and the family, including pre-literacy and language skills, as developmentally appropriate for the child, and the criteria, procedures, and timelines used to determine the degree to which progress toward achieving the results or outcomes is being made and whether modifications or revisions of the results or outcomes or services are necessary;

(4) a statement of specific early intervention services based on peer-reviewed research, to the extent practicable, necessary to meet the unique needs of the infant or toddler and the family, including the frequency, intensity, and method of delivering services;

(5) a statement of the natural environments in which early intervention services will appropriately be provided, including a justification of the extent, if any, to which the services will not be provided in a natural environment;

(6) the projected dates for initiation of services and the anticipated length, duration, and frequency of the services;

(7) the identification of the service coordinator from the profession most immediately relevant to the infant's or toddler's or family's needs (or who is otherwise qualified to carry out all applicable responsibilities under this subchapter) who will be responsible for the implementation of the plan and coordination with other agencies and persons, including transition services; and

(8) the steps to be taken to support the transition of the toddler with a disability to preschool or other appropriate services.

(e) Parental consent

The contents of the individualized family service plan shall be fully explained to the parents and informed written consent from the parents shall be obtained prior to the provision of early intervention services described in such plan. If the parents do not provide consent with respect to a particular early intervention service, then only the early intervention services to which consent is obtained shall be provided.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §636, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2751.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1436, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §636, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 111, related to individualized family service plans, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1436, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §636, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 185; Pub. L. 93–380, title VI, §618, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 95–49, §3, June 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 230, authorized appropriations, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 98–199, §11, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1369.
20 U.S.C. § 1019 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1019: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this part:

(1) Agent

The term "agent" means an officer or employee of a covered institution or an institution-affiliated organization.

(2) Covered institution

The term "covered institution" means any institution of higher education, as such term is defined in section 1002 of this title, that receives any Federal funding or assistance.

(3) Education loan

The term "education loan" (except when used as part of the term "private education loan") means—

(A) any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of subchapter IV;

(B) any loan made under part D of subchapter IV; or

(C) a private education loan.

(4) Eligible lender

The term "eligible lender" has the meaning given such term in section 1085(d) of this title.

(5) Institution-affiliated organization

The term "institution-affiliated organization"—

(A) means any organization that—

(i) is directly or indirectly related to a covered institution; and

(ii) is engaged in the practice of recommending, promoting, or endorsing education loans for students attending such covered institution or the families of such students;

(B) may include an alumni organization, athletic organization, foundation, or social, academic, or professional organization, of a covered institution; and

(C) notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B), does not include any lender with respect to any education loan secured, made, or extended by such lender.

(6) Lender

The term "lender" (except when used as part of the terms "eligible lender" and "private educational lender")—

(A) means—

(i) in the case of a loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of subchapter IV, an eligible lender;

(ii) in the case of any loan issued or provided to a student under part D of subchapter IV, the Secretary; and

(iii) in the case of a private education loan, a private educational lender as defined in section 1650 of title 15; and

(B) includes any other person engaged in the business of securing, making, or extending education loans on behalf of the lender.

(7) Officer

The term "officer" includes a director or trustee of a covered institution or institution-affiliated organization, if such individual is treated as an employee of such covered institution or institution-affiliated organization, respectively.

(8) Preferred lender arrangement

The term "preferred lender arrangement"—

(A) means an arrangement or agreement between a lender and a covered institution or an institution-affiliated organization of such covered institution—

(i) under which a lender provides or otherwise issues education loans to the students attending such covered institution or the families of such students; and

(ii) that relates to such covered institution or such institution-affiliated organization recommending, promoting, or endorsing the education loan products of the lender; and

(B) does not include—

(i) arrangements or agreements with respect to loans under part D of subchapter IV; or

(ii) arrangements or agreements with respect to loans that originate through the auction pilot program under section 1099d(b) of this title.

(9) Private education loan

The term "private education loan" has the meaning given the term in section 1650 of title 15.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §151, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title I, §120, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3117.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1019, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §119, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title I, §101(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1383, authorized appropriations for education outreach programs, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.
20 U.S.C. § 1161n (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IX: ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1161n: Statement of purpose; definition
Statement of purpose; definition
Status: in_force

(a) Purpose

It is the purpose of this part to award grants to institutions of higher education or consortia of such institutions to encourage such institutions to develop and make available to their students work experience that will aid such students in future careers and will enable such students to support themselves financially while in school.

(b) Definition

In this part the term "cooperative education" means the provision of alternating or parallel periods of academic study and public or private employment to give students work experiences related to their academic or occupational objectives and an opportunity to earn the funds necessary for continuing and completing their education.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, §831, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, §801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3415.)
20 U.S.C. § 1961 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 41: NATIONAL READING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM / Subchapter III: OTHER READING IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1961: Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Repealed. Pub. L. 95-561, title XV, §1529, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2380
Status: repealed

Section 1961, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §721, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 94–194, §10, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1107, set forth provisions relating to contracting requirements for special emphasis projects.

Section 1962, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §722, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 595, set forth provisions relating to granting and contracting requirements for reading training on public television.

Section 1963, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §723, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 94–194, §5, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1104, set forth provisions relating to granting and contracting requirements for reading academies.

Section 1964, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §724, as added Pub. L. 94–194, §1(b)(1), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1103, set forth provisions relating to scope, authority, etc., with respect to State leadership and training activity agreements.

Section 1965, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §725, as added and amended Pub. L. 94–194, §6(a), (b)(1), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1104, 1105, set forth provisions relating to granting and contracting requirements for national impact reading programs.

Section 1966, Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, §726, as added Pub. L. 94–194, §9(a), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1105, set forth provisions relating to contracting requirements for an inexpensive book distribution program for reading motivation.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 1530(a) of Pub. L. 95–561, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1221e–3 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4414 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 56: AMERICAN INDIAN, ALASKA NATIVE, AND NATIVE HAWAIIAN CULTURE AND ART DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter I: AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALASKA NATIVES / Section 4414: General powers of Board
General powers of Board
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In carrying out the provisions of this chapter, the Board shall have the power, consistent with the provisions of this chapter—

(1) to adopt, use, and alter a corporate seal;

(2) to make agreements and contracts with persons, Indian tribes, and private or governmental entities and to make payments or advance payments under such agreements or contract 1 without regard to section 3324 of title 31;

(3) any other provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, to enter into joint development ventures with public or private commercial or noncommercial entities for development of facilities to meet the plan required under section 4426 of this title, if the ventures are related to and further the mission of the Institute;

(4) to sue and be sued in its corporate name and to complain and defend in any court of competent jurisdiction;

(5) to represent itself, or to contract for representation, in all judicial, legal, and other proceedings;

(6) with the approval of the agency concerned, to make use of services, facilities, and property of any board, commission, independent establishment, or executive agency or department of the executive branch in carrying out the provisions of this chapter and to pay for such use (such payments to be credited to the applicable appropriation that incurred the expense);

(7) to use the United States mails on the same terms and conditions as the executive departments of the United States Government;

(8) to obtain the services of experts and consultants in accordance with the provisions of section 3109 of title 5 and to accept and utilize the services of voluntary and noncompensated personnel and reimburse them for travel expenses, including per diem, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5;

(9) to solicit, accept, and dispose of gifts, bequests, devises of money, securities, and other properties of whatever character, for the benefit of the Institute;

(10) to receive grants from, and enter into contracts and other arrangements with, Federal, State, or local governments, public and private agencies, organizations, institutions, and individuals;

(11) to acquire, hold, maintain, use, operate, and dispose of such real property, including improvements thereon, personal property, equipment, and other items, as may be necessary to enable the Board to carry out the purpose of this chapter;

(12) to the extent not already provided by law, to obtain insurance to cover all activities of the Institute, including coverage relating to property and liability, or make other provisions against losses;

(13) to use any funds or property received by the Institute to carry out the purpose of this chapter, including the authority to designate on an annual basis a portion, not to exceed 10 percent, of the funds appropriated pursuant to section 4451 of this title for investment, without regard to any other provision of law regarding investment or disposition of federally appropriated funds, on a short-term basis for the purpose of maximizing yield and liquidity of such funds; and

(14) to exercise all other lawful powers necessarily or reasonably related to the establishment of the Institute in order to carry out the provisions of this chapter and the exercise of the powers, purposes, functions, duties, and authorized activities of the Institute.

(b) Accounting for non-Federal funds

Any funds received by, or under the control of, the Institute that are not Federal funds shall be accounted for separately from Federal funds.

(c) Interest and investments

Interest and earnings on amounts received by the Institute pursuant to section 4451 of this title invested under subsection (a)(12) 2 shall be the property of the Institute and shall be expended to carry out this chapter. The Board shall be held to a reasonable and prudent standard of care, given such information and circumstances as existed when the decision is made, in decisions involving investment of funds under subsection (a)(12).2

(Pub. L. 99–498, title XV, §1507, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1603; Pub. L. 100–297, title V, §5406(e), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 101–644, title V, §501, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4668; Pub. L. 102–325, title XIII, §1331(b), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 806; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(l), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2486.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Subsection (a)(12), referred to in subsec. (c), was redesignated subsec. (a)(13) of this section, repealed, and a new subsec. (a)(13) added by Pub. L. 102–325, title XIII, §1331(b)(1)(A), (C), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 806, and former subsec. (a)(11) of this section was redesignated subsec. (a)(12).

Amendments

1993—Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 103–208 substituted semicolon for period at end.

1992—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–325, §1331(b)(1)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "to make agreements and contracts with persons, Indian tribes, and private or governmental entities and to make payments or advance payments under such agreements or contracts without regard to section 3324 of title 31;".

Subsec. (a)(3) to (12). Pub. L. 102–325, §1331(b)(1)(A), (B), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) to (11) as (4) to (12), respectively. Former par. (12) redesignated (13).

Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 102–325, §1331(b)(1)(C), added par. (13) and struck out former par. (13) which read as follows: "to use any funds or property received by the Institute to carry out the purpose of this chapter; and".

Pub. L. 102–325, §1331(b)(1)(A), redesignated par. (12) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (14).

Subsec. (14). Pub. L. 102–325, §1331(b)(1)(A), redesignated par. (13) as (14).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–325, §1331(b)(2), substituted "shall be expended" for "may be expended".

1990—Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 101–644, §501(b), amended par. (11) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (11) read as follows: "to obtain insurance or make other provisions against losses;".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–644, §501(a), added subsec. (c).

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–208 effective as if included in the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, Pub. L. 102–325, except as otherwise provided, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 103–208, set out as a note under section 1051 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

For effective date and applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 100–297, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1071 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "contracts".

2 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 1098bb (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IV: STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Section 1098bb: Waiver authority for response to military contingencies and national emergencies
Waiver authority for response to military contingencies and national emergencies
Status: in_force

(a) Waivers and modifications

(1) In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, unless enacted with specific reference to this section, the Secretary of Education (referred to in this part as the "Secretary") may waive or modify any statutory or regulatory provision applicable to the student financial assistance programs under title IV of the Act [20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.] as the Secretary deems necessary in connection with a war or other military operation or national emergency to provide the waivers or modifications authorized by paragraph (2).

(2) Actions authorized

The Secretary is authorized to waive or modify any provision described in paragraph (1) as may be necessary to ensure that—

(A) recipients of student financial assistance under title IV of the Act who are affected individuals are not placed in a worse position financially in relation to that financial assistance because of their status as affected individuals;

(B) administrative requirements placed on affected individuals who are recipients of student financial assistance are minimized, to the extent possible without impairing the integrity of the student financial assistance programs, to ease the burden on such students and avoid inadvertent, technical violations or defaults;

(C) the calculation of "annual adjusted family income" and "available income", as used in the determination of need for student financial assistance under title IV of the Act for any such affected individual (and the determination of such need for his or her spouse and dependents, if applicable), may be modified to mean the sums received in the first calendar year of the award year for which such determination is made, in order to reflect more accurately the financial condition of such affected individual and his or her family;

(D) the calculation under section 484B(b)(2) of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1091b(b)(2)) of the amount a student is required to return in the case of an affected individual may be modified so that no overpayment will be required to be returned or repaid if the institution has documented (i) the student's status as an affected individual in the student's file, and (ii) the amount of any overpayment discharged; and

(E) institutions of higher education, eligible lenders, guaranty agencies, and other entities participating in the student assistance programs under title IV of the Act that are located in areas that are declared disaster areas by any Federal, State or local official in connection with a national emergency, or whose operations are significantly affected by such a disaster, may be granted temporary relief from requirements that are rendered infeasible or unreasonable by a national emergency, including due diligence requirements and reporting deadlines.

(b) Notice of waivers or modifications

(1) In general

Notwithstanding section 1232 of this title and section 553 of title 5, the Secretary shall, by notice in the Federal Register, publish the waivers or modifications of statutory and regulatory provisions the Secretary deems necessary to achieve the purposes of this section.

(2) Terms and conditions

The notice under paragraph (1) shall include the terms and conditions to be applied in lieu of such statutory and regulatory provisions.

(3) Case-by-case basis

The Secretary is not required to exercise the waiver or modification authority under this section on a case-by-case basis.

(c) Impact report

The Secretary shall, not later than 15 months after first exercising any authority to issue a waiver or modification under subsection (a), report to the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions of the Senate on the impact of any waivers or modifications issued pursuant to subsection (a) on affected individuals and the programs under title IV of the Act [20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.], and the basis for such determination, and include in such report the Secretary's recommendations for changes to the statutory or regulatory provisions that were the subject of such waiver or modification.

(d) No delay in waivers and modifications

Sections 482(c) and 492 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1089(c), 1098a) shall not apply to the waivers and modifications authorized or required by this part.

(Pub. L. 108–76, §2, Aug. 18, 2003, 117 Stat. 904.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219. Title IV of the Act is classified generally to this subchapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly set out in a note under section 1070 of this title.

Section was enacted as part of the Higher Education Relief Opportunities for Students Act of 2003, and not as part of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 which comprises this subchapter.
20 U.S.C. § 352 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 16: PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION / Subchapter I: PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES / Section 352: title VII, §708(a)
title VII, §708(a)
Status: in_force

Section 352, acts June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title I, §101, formerly §3, 70 Stat. 293; Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86–679, §1, 74 Stat. 571; renumbered title I, §101, and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §§1(a)(2), 2, 7(a), 78 Stat. 11–13; July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §3, 80 Stat. 313; Dec. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), 84 Stat. 1666; Oct. 7, 1977, Pub. L. 95–123, §4(c), 91 Stat. 1096; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–480, title I, §§103(b)(1), 109, 98 Stat. 2237, 2240; Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §§9–12, 16(b), 24(2), 104 Stat. 104, 105, 113, authorized Secretary to make grants to States for public library services.

Section 353, acts June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title I, §102, formerly §4, 70 Stat. 293; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 852, §25(a), 70 Stat. 911; Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86–679, §2, 74 Stat. 571; Sept. 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–688, §5(a)(1), 76 Stat. 587; renumbered title I, §102, and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §§1(b), 3, 7(a), 78 Stat. 11–13; July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §§4, 12(a), 80 Stat. 313, 318; Dec. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), 84 Stat. 1667; Oct. 7, 1977, Pub. L. 95–123, §§3(b), 4(d), (e), 91 Stat. 1095, 1096; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–480, title I, §§103(b)(1), 110, 98 Stat. 2237, 2240; Nov. 22, 1985, Pub. L. 99–159, title III, §§303(b), 304, 99 Stat. 903; Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §§13, 14, 104 Stat. 105, enumerated uses of Federal funds and provided for reservation of State allotments.

Section 354, acts June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title I, §103, formerly §5, 70 Stat. 293; renumbered title I, §103, and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §§1(c), 4, 7(a), 78 Stat. 11–13; Dec. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), 84 Stat. 1667; Oct. 7, 1977, Pub. L. 95–123, §§4(f), 5, 91 Stat. 1096, 1097; Oct. 17, 1984, Pub. L. 98–480, title I, §§103(b)(1), 111, 98 Stat. 2237, 2241; Mar. 15, 1990, Pub. L. 101–254, §§7(b), 15, 104 Stat. 103, 105, required States to submit annual program for library services with certain specific content requirements, limited reduction of funds to urban resource library, and provided for ratable reduction of required State expenditures.

A prior section 355, acts June 19, 1956, ch. 407, title I, §104, formerly §6, 70 Stat. 295; Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 852, §25(b), (c), 70 Stat. 911; Aug. 31, 1960, Pub. L. 86–679, §§3, 4, 74 Stat. 571; Sept. 25, 1962, Pub. L. 87–688, §5(a)(2), (3), 76 Stat. 587; renumbered and amended Feb. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–269, §§5, 6, 7(a), (c)–(e), 78 Stat. 12–14; July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–511, §§5, 8, 12(a), (b), 80 Stat. 313, 318, related to the conditions under which payments were to be made to States, the amount of such payments, and the determination and promulgation of the Federal share, and was omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 91–600, §2(b), Dec. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1660, effective after June 30, 1971.
20 U.S.C. § 3281 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 47: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VII: BILINGUAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS / Section 3281: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections were omitted in the general amendment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–10, by Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3519.

Section 3281, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7001, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 274, provided that this subchapter could be cited as the "Bilingual Education Act".

A prior section 3281, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §801, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2284, set out short title for program for community schools, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3282, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7002, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 274, stated policy of Congress and authorized appropriations.

A prior section 3282, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §802, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2284, provided Congressional statement of findings and purpose, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3283, Pub. L. 89–10, title VII, §7003, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1001, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 276, defined terms used in this subchapter and contained provisions relating to regulations.

Prior sections 3283 to 3290 were repealed by Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §587(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 480, eff. Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 3283, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §803, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2285, provided a definition of a community education program.

Section 3284, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §804, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2285; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized State programs for community education.

Section 3285, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §805, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2285; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to allotment and reallotment of funds.

Section 3286, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §806, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2286, related to the use of community education programs for non-Federal contribution in certain Federal programs.

Section 3287, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §807, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2286; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, authorized the activities for which funds may be used.

Section 3288, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §808, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2287; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to the submission of a State plan containing satisfactory assurances.

Section 3289, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §809, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2289; amended Pub. L. 96–46, §1(19), Aug. 6, 1979, 93 Stat. 339; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, related to grants to local educational agencies.

Section 3290, Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §810, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title VIII, §801(3), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2289; amended Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692, provided for grants to public agencies and nonprofit organizations for delivery of community services through community education.
20 U.S.C. § 7824 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7824: Consolidated set-aside for Department of the Interior funds
Consolidated set-aside for Department of the Interior funds
Status: in_force

(a) General authority

(1) Transfer

The Secretary shall transfer to the Department of the Interior, as a consolidated amount for covered programs, the Indian education programs under part A of subchapter VI, and the education for homeless children and youth program under subtitle B of title VII of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act [42 U.S.C. 11431 et seq.], the amounts allotted to the Department of the Interior under those programs.

(2) Agreement

(A) In general

The Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior shall enter into an agreement, consistent with the requirements of the programs specified in paragraph (1), for the distribution and use of those program funds under terms that the Secretary determines best meet the purposes of those programs.

(B) Contents

The agreement shall—

(i) set forth the plans of the Secretary of the Interior for the use of the amount transferred and the achievement measures to assess program effectiveness, including program objectives; and

(ii) be developed in consultation with Indian tribes.

(b) Administration

The Department of the Interior may use not more than 1.5 percent of the funds consolidated under this section for its costs related to the administration of the funds transferred under this section.

(c) Accountability system

(1) For the purposes of part A of subchapter I, the Secretary of Interior, in consultation with the Secretary, if the Secretary of the Interior requests the consultation, using a negotiated rulemaking process to develop regulations for implementation no later than the 2017-2018 academic year, shall define the standards, assessments, and accountability system consistent with section 6311 of this title, for the schools funded by the Bureau of Indian Education on a national, regional, or tribal basis, as appropriate, taking into account the unique circumstances and needs of such schools and the students served by such schools.

(2) The tribal governing body or school board of a school funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs may waive, in part or in whole, the requirements established pursuant to paragraph (1) where such requirements are determined by such body or school board to be inappropriate. If such requirements are waived, the tribal governing body or school board shall, within 60 days, submit to the Secretary of Interior a proposal for alternative standards, assessments, and an accountability system, if applicable, consistent with section 6311 of this title, that takes into account the unique circumstances and needs of such school or schools and the students served. The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary shall approve such standards, assessments, and accountability system unless the Secretary determines that the standards, assessments, and accountability system do not meet the requirements of section 6311 of this title, taking into account the unique circumstances and needs of such school or schools and the students served.

(3) Technical assistance.—The Secretary of Interior and the Secretary shall, either directly or through a contract, provide technical assistance, upon request, to a tribal governing body or school board of a school funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs that seeks a waiver under paragraph (2).

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8204, formerly title IX, §9204, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1968; renumbered title VIII, §8204, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(2), 8007, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2100.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 100–77, July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 482. Subtitle B of title VII of the Act is classified generally to part B (§11431 et seq.) of subchapter VI of chapter 119 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11301 of Title 42 and Tables.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §8007(1)(A), substituted "part A of subchapter VI" for "part A of subchapter VII".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §8007(1)(B), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The agreement shall—

"(i) set forth the plans of the Secretary of the Interior for the use of the amount transferred and the achievement measures to assess program effectiveness, including measurable goals and objectives; and

"(ii) be developed in consultation with Indian tribes."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–95, §8007(2), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5441 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 64: EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION / Subchapter VII: GENERAL PROVISIONS AND AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS / Section 5441: Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Repealed. Pub. L. 103-382, title III, §391(l), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4023
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 101–589, title VII, §711, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 2911, defined terms used in this chapter.
20 U.S.C. § 2565 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 45: CAREER EDUCATION AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 2565: Wayne Morse Chair of Law and Politics
Wayne Morse Chair of Law and Politics
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

The Secretary of Education (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to provide financial assistance in accordance with the provisions of this section to assist in establishing the Wayne Morse Chair of Law and Politics at the University of Oregon, of Eugene, Oregon.

(b) Federal share; application for financial assistance

(1) For purposes of this section, the Federal share of the cost of establishing the Wayne Morse Chair of Law and Politics shall not exceed 50 per centum.

(2) No financial assistance under this section may be made except upon an application at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information, as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums, not to exceed $500,000, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section. Funds appropriated pursuant to this section shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 94–482, title V, §525, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2241; Pub. L. 96–88, title III, §301(a)(1), title V, §507, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 677, 692.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 12, 1976, except either as specifically otherwise provided or, if not so specifically otherwise provided, effective July 1, 1976, where section provides for authorization of appropriations, see section 532 of Pub. L. 94–482, set out as an Effective Date of 1976 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.

Transfer of Functions

"Secretary" substituted for "Commissioner" in subsecs. (a) and (b) pursuant to sections 301(a)(1) and 507 of Pub. L. 96–88, which are classified to sections 3441(a)(1) and 3507 of this title and which transferred functions of Commissioner of Education to Secretary of Education.
20 U.S.C. § 701 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 21: HIGHER EDUCATION FACILITIES / Section 701: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, Pub. L. 88–204, §2, Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 363, related to congressional findings and declaration of policy.
20 U.S.C. § 1213 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 30: BASIC EDUCATION FOR ADULTS / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1213: Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Repealed. Pub. L. 105-220, title II, §251(a)(1), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079
Status: repealed

Section 1213, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §381, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 317, related to adult migrant farmworker and immigrant education.

Section 1213a, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §382, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 318, related to adult literacy volunteer training.

Section 1213b, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §383, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 318, related to State program analysis assistance and policy studies.

Section 1213c, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §384, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 319; amended Pub. L. 102–73, title I, §102(c), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §335(b), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3966, related to national research activities and establishment of National Institute for Literacy.

Section 1213d, Pub. L. 89–750, title III, §385, as added Pub. L. 100–297, title II, §2102, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 319, related to limitation on grants for sectarian instruction or religious worship or to a school or department of divinity.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Purpose and Findings Regarding Literacy Amendments and National Institute for Literacy

Pub. L. 102–73, title I, §102(a), (b), July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 334, stated findings of Congress and purpose of amendment by section 102 of Pub. L. 102–73 to former section 1213c of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §251(a)(2), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079.

Family Literacy Public Broadcasting Program

Pub. L. 102–73, title III, §304, July 25, 1991, 105 Stat. 353, authorized Secretary to contract with the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to arrange for production and dissemination of family literacy programming and materials to assist parents in improving family literacy skills and language development, authorized appropriations, and required report to Congress, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §251(a)(2), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1079.
20 U.S.C. § 74a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter II: NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART / Section 74a: Permanent loan of funds by Board of Trustees to Treasury; semiannual interest payments to Board
Permanent loan of funds by Board of Trustees to Treasury; semiannual interest payments to Board
Status: in_force

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to receive into the Treasury from time to time as a permanent loan by the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art to the United States sums in cash of not to exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate, and to pay interest on the principal amount of such loan at a rate which is the higher of the rate of 4 per centum per annum or a rate which is .25 percentage points less than a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yield on outstanding long-term marketable obligations of the United States, adjusted to the nearest one-eighth of 1 per centum, payable semiannually. Such interest is permanently appropriated for payment to the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art.

(Apr. 10, 1943, ch. 46, 57 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 94–418, Sept. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 1278.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was not enacted as part of act Mar. 24, 1937, ch. 50, 50 Stat. 51, which comprises this subchapter.

Amendments

1976—Pub. L. 94–418 inserted provision authorizing alternate interest rate to existing interest rate of 4 per centum per annum.
20 U.S.C. § 4601 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 58: DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES / Section 4601: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title I, §1003(e), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title I, §1003(e), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293
Status: repealed

Section 4601, Pub. L. 99–570, title IV, §4102, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–125, related to Congressional findings.

Section 4602, Pub. L. 99–570, title IV, §4103, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–125, related to purpose of chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 99–570, title IV, §4101, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–125, which provided that subtitle B [§§4101 to 4144] of title IV of Pub. L. 99–570 was to be cited as the "Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986", was repealed by Pub. L. 100–297, title I, §1003(e), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293.

White House Conference for a Drug Free America

Pub. L. 99–570, title I, subtitle S (§1931 et seq.), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–56, as amended by Pub. L. 100–138, Oct. 23, 1987, 101 Stat. 820, established the White House Conference for a Drug Free America, provided for its purpose, responsibilities, participants, authorization of appropriations, and required a final report to be submitted not later than July 31, 1988, with the President to report annually to Congress for three years thereafter on the status and implementation of the findings and recommendations of the Conference.

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 12595

Ex. Ord. No. 12595, May 5, 1987, 52 F.R. 17383, established and set forth the functions of the White House Conference for a Drug Free America.
20 U.S.C. § 6672 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter II: PREPARING, TRAINING, AND RECRUITING HIGH-QUALITY TEACHERS, PRINCIPALS, OR OTHER SCHOOL LEADERS / Section 6672: Supporting effective educator development
Supporting effective educator development
Status: in_force

(a) In general

From the funds reserved by the Secretary under section 6671(1) of this title for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to eligible entities for the purposes of—

(1) providing teachers, principals, or other school leaders from nontraditional preparation and certification routes or pathways to serve in traditionally underserved local educational agencies;

(2) providing evidence-based professional development activities that address literacy, numeracy, remedial, or other needs of local educational agencies and the students the agencies serve;

(3) providing teachers, principals, or other school leaders with professional development activities that enhance or enable the provision of postsecondary coursework through dual or concurrent enrollment programs and early college high school settings across a local educational agency;

(4) making freely available services and learning opportunities to local educational agencies, through partnerships and cooperative agreements or by making the services or opportunities publicly accessible through electronic means; or

(5) providing teachers, principals, or other school leaders with evidence-based professional enhancement activities, which may include activities that lead to an advanced credential.

(b) Program periods and diversity of projects

(1) In general

A grant awarded by the Secretary to an eligible entity under this section shall be for a period of not more than 3 years.

(2) Renewal

The Secretary may renew a grant awarded under this section for 1 additional 2-year period.

(3) Diversity of projects

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that, to the extent practicable, grants are distributed among eligible entities that will serve geographically diverse areas, including urban, suburban, and rural areas.

(4) Limitation

The Secretary shall not award more than 1 grant under this section to an eligible entity during a grant competition.

(c) Cost-sharing

(1) In general

An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall provide, from non-Federal sources, not less than 25 percent of the funds for the total cost for each year of activities carried out under this section.

(2) Acceptable contributions

An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section may meet the requirement of paragraph (1) by providing contributions in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including plant, equipment, and services.

(3) Waivers

The Secretary may waive or modify the requirement of paragraph (1) in cases of demonstrated financial hardship.

(d) Applications

In order to receive a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably require. Such application shall include, at a minimum, a certification that the services provided by an eligible entity under the grant to a local educational agency or to a school served by the local educational agency will not result in direct fees for participating students or parents.

(e) Priority

In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall give priority to an eligible entity that will implement evidence-based activities, defined for the purpose of this subsection as activities meeting the requirements of section 7801(21)(A)(i) of this title.

(f) Definition of eligible entity

In this section, the term "eligible entity" means—

(1) an institution of higher education that provides course materials or resources that are evidence-based in increasing academic achievement, graduation rates, or rates of postsecondary education matriculation;

(2) a national nonprofit entity with a demonstrated record of raising student academic achievement, graduation rates, and rates of higher education attendance, matriculation, or completion, or of effectiveness in providing preparation and professional development activities and programs for teachers, principals, or other school leaders;

(3) the Bureau of Indian Education; or

(4) a partnership consisting of—

(A) 1 or more entities described in paragraph (1) or (2); and

(B) a for-profit entity.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2242, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2002, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1948.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6672, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2302, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1648, authorized funding and administration of the Troops-to-Teachers Program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §541(d)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1735.

Another prior section 6672, Pub. L. 89–10, title II, §2302, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3633, authorized professional development demonstration program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 4351 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 55: EDUCATION OF THE DEAF / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4351: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter—

(1) The term "international student" means an individual who—

(A) is not a citizen or national of, or lawfully admitted for permanent residence in, the United States;

(B) does not provide evidence from the Immigration and Naturalization Service that he or she is in the United States for other than temporary purposes with the intention of becoming a citizen of, or lawfully admitted for permanent residence in, the United States; and

(C) is not lawfully admitted for permanent residence in American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands.

(2) The term "construction" includes construction and initial equipment of new buildings, and expansion, remodeling, and alteration of existing buildings and equipment therein, including architect's services, but excluding off-site improvements.

(3) The term "institution of higher education" means an educational institution in any State which (A) admits as regular students only individuals having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate; (B) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education; (C) provides an educational program for which it awards a bachelor's degree; (D) includes one or more professional or graduate schools; (E) is a public or nonprofit private institution; and (F) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association. For the purpose of subparagraph (F), the Secretary shall publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies or associations which the Secretary determines to be reliable authority as to the quality of training offered.

(4) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Education.

(5) The term "State" means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(6) The term "NTID" means the National Technical Institute for the Deaf.

(7) The term "University" means Gallaudet University.

(Pub. L. 99–371, title II, §201, formerly title IV, §401, Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 789; renumbered title II, §201, and amended Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §§101(b)(5), (6), 131, 151(a)(3), (b), Oct. 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, 2155, 2164; Pub. L. 103–73, title II, §204(a), Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 734; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, §915, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1830.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 201 of Pub. L. 99–371 was renumbered section 111 and is classified to section 4331 of this title.

Provisions similar to this section were contained in sections 682, 693a, and 695a of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99–371.

Amendments

1998—Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 105–244, §915(1), struck out "Palau (but only until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect)," after "Guam,".

Par. (5). Pub. L. 105–244, §915(2), inserted "and" after "Virgin Islands," and struck out ", and Palau (but only until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect)" after "Mariana Islands".

1993—Pub. L. 103–73 substituted "and" for "or" at end of par. (1)(B), redesignated pars. (4) and (6) to (9) as (3) to (7), respectively, and struck out former pars. (3) and (5) which defined "elementary school" and "secondary school", respectively.

1992—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–421, §131(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "The term 'Board of Trustees' means (unless the context requires otherwise) the Board of Trustees of Gallaudet University established under section 4303 of this title."

Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–421, §151(b)(1), substituted "therein" for "thereof".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 102–421, §151(a)(3), (b)(2), substituted "children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing" for "deaf children".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–421, §151(b)(3), substituted a semicolon for last comma in subpars. (A) to (E) of first sentence and "subparagraph" for "clause" in second sentence.

Pub. L. 102–421, §131(2), redesignated par. (5) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "The term 'Institute' means the National Technical Institute for the Deaf."

Pars. (5), (6). Pub. L. 102–421, §131(2)(B), redesignated pars. (6) and (7) as (5) and (6), respectively. Former par. (5) redesignated (4).

Par. (7). Pub. L. 102–421, §131(2)(B), (3), redesignated par. (8) as (7) and substituted "the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau (but only until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect)." for "the Northern Mariana Islands and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.". Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Pars. (8), (9). Pub. L. 102–421, §131(2)(B), (4), added pars. (8) and (9) and redesignated former par. (8) as (7).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–421 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 161 of Pub. L. 102–421, set out as a note under section 4301 of this title.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.
20 U.S.C. § 9163 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 72: MUSEUM AND LIBRARY SERVICES / Subchapter II: LIBRARY SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGY / Section 9163: State and local initiatives
State and local initiatives
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to interfere with State and local initiatives and responsibility in the conduct of library services. The administration of libraries, the selection of personnel and library books and materials, and insofar as consistent with the purposes of this subchapter, the determination of the best uses of the funds provided under this subchapter, shall be reserved for the States and their local subdivisions.

(Pub. L. 94–462, title II, §263, as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §702], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–302.)
20 U.S.C. § 7821 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7821: Consolidation of State administrative funds for elementary and secondary education programs
Consolidation of State administrative funds for elementary and secondary education programs
Status: in_force

(a) Consolidation of administrative funds

(1) In general

A State educational agency may consolidate the amounts specifically made available to it for State administration under one or more of the programs under paragraph (2) if the State educational agency can demonstrate that the majority of its resources are derived from non-Federal sources.

(2) Applicability

This section applies to any program under this chapter under which funds are authorized to be used for administration, and such other programs as the Secretary may designate.

(b) Use of funds

(1) In general

A State educational agency shall use the amount available under this section for the administration of the programs included in the consolidation under subsection (a).

(2) Additional uses

A State educational agency may also use funds available under this section for administrative activities designed to enhance the effective and coordinated use of funds under programs included in the consolidation under subsection (a), such as—

(A) the coordination of those programs with other Federal and non-Federal programs;

(B) the establishment and operation of peer-review mechanisms under this chapter;

(C) the administration of this subchapter;

(D) the dissemination of information regarding model programs and practices;

(E) technical assistance under any program under this chapter;

(F) State-level activities designed to carry out this subchapter;

(G) training personnel engaged in audit and other monitoring activities;

(H) implementation of the Cooperative Audit Resolution and Oversight Initiative of the Department; and

(I) implementation of fiscal support teams that provide technical fiscal support assistance, which shall include evaluating fiscal, administrative, and staffing functions, and any other key operational function.

(c) Records

A State educational agency that consolidates administrative funds under this section shall not be required to keep separate records, by individual program, to account for costs relating to the administration of programs included in the consolidation under subsection (a).

(d) Review

To determine the effectiveness of State administration under this section, the Secretary may periodically review the performance of State educational agencies in using consolidated administrative funds under this section and take such steps as the Secretary finds appropriate to ensure the effectiveness of that administration.

(e) Unused administrative funds

If a State educational agency does not use all of the funds available to the agency under this section for administration, the agency may use those funds during the applicable period of availability as funds available under one or more programs included in the consolidation under subsection (a).

(f) Consolidation of funds for standards and assessment development

In order to develop challenging State academic standards and assessments, a State educational agency may consolidate the amounts described in subsection (a) for those purposes under subchapter I.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8201, formerly title IX, §9201, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1966; renumbered title VIII, §8201, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(2), 8005, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2100.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(2)(I). Pub. L. 114–95, §8005, added subpar. (I).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1161a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IX: ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1161a: Project GRAD
Project GRAD
Status: in_force

(a) Purposes

The purposes of this section are—

(1) to provide support and assistance to programs implementing integrated education reform services in order to improve secondary school graduation, postsecondary program attendance, and postsecondary completion rates for low-income students; and

(2) to promote the establishment of new programs to implement such integrated education reform services.

(b) Definitions

In this section:

(1) Low-income student

The term "low-income student" means a student who is determined by a local educational agency to be from a low-income family using the measures described in section 6313(a)(5) of this title.

(2) Feeder pattern

The term "feeder pattern" means a secondary school and the elementary schools and middle schools that channel students into that secondary school.

(c) Contract authorized

From the amount appropriated to carry out this section, the Secretary is authorized to award a five-year contract to Project GRAD USA (referred to in this section as the "contractor"), a nonprofit education organization that has as its primary purpose the improvement of secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance and completion rates for low-income students. Such contract shall be used to carry out the requirements of subsection (d) and to implement and sustain integrated education reform services through subcontractor activities described in subsection (e)(3) at existing Project GRAD program sites and to promote the expansion to new sites.

(d) Requirements of contract

The Secretary shall enter into an agreement with the contractor that requires that the contractor shall—

(1) enter into subcontracts with nonprofit educational organizations that serve a substantial number or percentage of low-income students (referred to in this subsection as "subcontractors"), under which the subcontractors agree to implement the Project GRAD programs described in subsection (e) and provide matching funds for such programs;

(2) directly carry out—

(A) activities to implement and sustain the literacy, mathematics, classroom management, social service, and postsecondary access programs further described in subsection (e)(3);

(B) activities to build the organizational and management capacity of the subcontractors to effectively implement and sustain the programs;

(C) activities for the purpose of improving and expanding the programs, including activities—

(i) to further articulate a program for one or more grade levels and across grade levels;

(ii) to tailor a program for a particular target audience; and

(iii) to provide tighter integration across programs;

(D) activities for the purpose of implementing new Project GRAD program sites;

(E) activities for the purpose of promoting greater public awareness of integrated education reform services to improve secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance rates for low-income students; and

(F) other activities directly related to improving secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance and completion rates for low-income students; and

(3) use contract funds available under this section to pay—

(A) the amount determined under subsection (f); and

(B) costs associated with carrying out the activities and providing the services, as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(e) Supported programs

(1) Designation

The subcontractor programs referred to in this subsection shall be known as Project GRAD programs.

(2) Feeder patterns

Each subcontractor shall implement a Project GRAD program and shall, with the agreement of the contractor—

(A) identify or establish not less than one feeder pattern of public schools; and

(B) provide the integrated educational reform services described in paragraph (3) at each identified feeder pattern.

(3) Integrated education reform services

The services provided through a Project GRAD program may include—

(A) research-based programs in reading, mathematics, and classroom management;

(B) campus-based social services programs, including a systematic approach to increase family and community involvement in the schools served by the Project GRAD program;

(C) a postsecondary access program that includes—

(i) providing postsecondary scholarships for students who meet established criteria;

(ii) proven approaches for increasing student and family postsecondary awareness; and

(iii) assistance for students in applying for higher education financial aid; and

(D) such other services identified by the contractor as necessary to increase secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance and completion rates.

(f) Use of funds

Of the funds made available to carry out this section, not more than five percent of such funds, or $4,000,000, whichever is less, shall be used by the contractor to pay for administration of the contract.

(g) Contribution and matching requirement

(1) In general

The contractor shall provide to each subcontractor an average of $200 for each student served by the subcontractor in the Project GRAD program, adjusted to take into consideration—

(A) the resources or funds available in the area where the subcontractor will implement the Project GRAD program; and

(B) the need for the Project GRAD program in such area to improve student outcomes, including reading and mathematics achievement, secondary school graduation, and postsecondary attendance and completion rates.

(2) Matching requirement

Each subcontractor shall provide funds for the Project GRAD program in an amount that is equal to the amount received by the subcontractor from the contractor. Such matching funds may be provided in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated.

(3) Waiver authority

The contractor may waive, in whole or in part, the requirement of paragraph (2) for a subcontractor, if the subcontractor—

(A) demonstrates that the subcontractor would not otherwise be able to participate in the program; and

(B) enters into an agreement with the contractor with respect to the amount to which the waiver will apply.

(h) Evaluation

(1) Evaluation by the Secretary

The Secretary shall select an independent entity to evaluate, every three years, the performance of students who participate in a Project GRAD program under this section. The evaluation shall—

(A) be conducted using a rigorous research design for determining the effectiveness of the Project GRAD programs funded under this section; and

(B) compare reading and mathematics achievement, secondary school graduation, and postsecondary attendance and completion rates of students who participate in a Project GRAD program funded under this section with those indicators for students of similar backgrounds who do not participate in such program.

(2) Evaluation by contractor and subcontractors

The contractor shall require each subcontractor to prepare an in-depth report of the results and the use of funds of each Project GRAD program funded under this section that includes—

(A) data on the reading and mathematics achievement of students involved in the Project GRAD program;

(B) data on secondary school graduation and postsecondary attendance and completion rates; and

(C) such financial reporting as required by the Secretary to review the effectiveness and efficiency of the program.

(3) Availability of evaluations

Copies of any evaluation or report prepared under this subsection shall be made available to—

(A) the Secretary; and

(B) the authorizing committees.

(i) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, §801, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, §801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3378.)
20 U.S.C. § 1063a (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1063a: Applications
Applications
Status: in_force

(a) Contents

No part B institution shall be entitled to its allotment of Federal funds for any grant under section 1063 of this title for any period unless that institution meets the requirements of subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) 1 of section 1058(b)(1) of this title and submits an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing or accompanied by such information, as the Secretary may reasonably require. Each such application shall—

(1) provide that the payments under this chapter will be used for the purposes set forth in section 1062 of this title; and

(2) provide for making an annual report to the Secretary and provide for—

(A) conducting, except as provided in subparagraph (B), a financial and compliance audit of an eligible institution, with regard to any funds obtained by it under this subchapter at least once every 2 years and covering the period since the most recent audit, conducted by a qualified, independent organization or person in accordance with standards established by the Comptroller General for the audit of governmental organizations, programs, and functions, and as prescribed in regulations of the Secretary, the results of which shall be submitted to the Secretary; or

(B) with regard to an eligible institution which is audited under chapter 75 of title 31 deeming such audit to satisfy the requirements of subparagraph (A) for the period covered by such audit.

(b) Approval

The Secretary shall approve any application which meets the requirements of subsection (a) and shall not disapprove any application submitted under this part, or any modification thereof, without first affording such institution reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing.

(c) Goals for financial management and academic programs

Any application for a grant under this part shall describe measurable goals for the institution's financial management and academic programs and include a plan of how the applicant intends to achieve those goals.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §325, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title III, §301(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1296; amended Pub. L. 100–50, §2(a)(8), June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 335; Pub. L. 102–325, title III, §303(e), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 475.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1058(b)(1)(E) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed and section 1058(b)(1)(F) was redesignated section 1058(b)(1)(E) by Pub. L. 102–325, title III, §302(a)(1)(B), (C), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 472.

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–325 added subsec. (c).

1987—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–50 substituted "section 1062 of this title" for "section 1061 of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–50 effective as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986, Pub. L. 99–498, see section 27 of Pub. L. 100–50, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.
20 U.S.C. § 1437 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1437: State application and assurances
State application and assurances
Status: in_force

(a) Application

A State desiring to receive a grant under section 1433 of this title shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may reasonably require. The application shall contain—

(1) a designation of the lead agency in the State that will be responsible for the administration of funds provided under section 1433 of this title;

(2) a certification to the Secretary that the arrangements to establish financial responsibility for services provided under this subchapter pursuant to section 1440(b) of this title are current as of the date of submission of the certification;

(3) information demonstrating eligibility of the State under section 1434 of this title, including—

(A) information demonstrating to the Secretary's satisfaction that the State has in effect the statewide system required by section 1433 of this title; and

(B) a description of services to be provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families through the system;

(4) if the State provides services to at-risk infants and toddlers through the statewide system, a description of such services;

(5) a description of the uses for which funds will be expended in accordance with this subchapter;

(6) a description of the State policies and procedures that require the referral for early intervention services under this subchapter of a child under the age of 3 who—

(A) is involved in a substantiated case of child abuse or neglect; or

(B) is identified as affected by illegal substance abuse, or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure;

(7) a description of the procedure used to ensure that resources are made available under this subchapter for all geographic areas within the State;

(8) a description of State policies and procedures that ensure that, prior to the adoption by the State of any other policy or procedure necessary to meet the requirements of this subchapter, there are public hearings, adequate notice of the hearings, and an opportunity for comment available to the general public, including individuals with disabilities and parents of infants and toddlers with disabilities;

(9) a description of the policies and procedures to be used—

(A) to ensure a smooth transition for toddlers receiving early intervention services under this subchapter (and children receiving those services under section 1435(c) of this title) to preschool, school, other appropriate services, or exiting the program, including a description of how—

(i) the families of such toddlers and children will be included in the transition plans required by subparagraph (C); and

(ii) the lead agency designated or established under section 1435(a)(10) of this title will—

(I) notify the local educational agency for the area in which such a child resides that the child will shortly reach the age of eligibility for preschool services under subchapter II, as determined in accordance with State law;

(II) in the case of a child who may be eligible for such preschool services, with the approval of the family of the child, convene a conference among the lead agency, the family, and the local educational agency not less than 90 days (and at the discretion of all such parties, not more than 9 months) before the child is eligible for the preschool services, to discuss any such services that the child may receive; and

(III) in the case of a child who may not be eligible for such preschool services, with the approval of the family, make reasonable efforts to convene a conference among the lead agency, the family, and providers of other appropriate services for children who are not eligible for preschool services under subchapter II, to discuss the appropriate services that the child may receive;

(B) to review the child's program options for the period from the child's third birthday through the remainder of the school year; and

(C) to establish a transition plan, including, as appropriate, steps to exit from the program;

(10) a description of State efforts to promote collaboration among Early Head Start programs under section 9840a of title 42, early education and child care programs, and services under this subchapter; and

(11) such other information and assurances as the Secretary may reasonably require.

(b) Assurances

The application described in subsection (a)—

(1) shall provide satisfactory assurance that Federal funds made available under section 1443 of this title to the State will be expended in accordance with this subchapter;

(2) shall contain an assurance that the State will comply with the requirements of section 1440 of this title;

(3) shall provide satisfactory assurance that the control of funds provided under section 1443 of this title, and title to property derived from those funds, will be in a public agency for the uses and purposes provided in this subchapter and that a public agency will administer such funds and property;

(4) shall provide for—

(A) making such reports in such form and containing such information as the Secretary may require to carry out the Secretary's functions under this subchapter; and

(B) keeping such reports and affording such access to the reports as the Secretary may find necessary to ensure the correctness and verification of those reports and proper disbursement of Federal funds under this subchapter;

(5) provide satisfactory assurance that Federal funds made available under section 1443 of this title to the State—

(A) will not be commingled with State funds; and

(B) will be used so as to supplement the level of State and local funds expended for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families and in no case to supplant those State and local funds;

(6) shall provide satisfactory assurance that such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures will be adopted as may be necessary to ensure proper disbursement of, and accounting for, Federal funds paid under section 1443 of this title to the State;

(7) shall provide satisfactory assurance that policies and procedures have been adopted to ensure meaningful involvement of underserved groups, including minority, low-income, homeless, and rural families and children with disabilities who are wards of the State, in the planning and implementation of all the requirements of this subchapter; and

(8) shall contain such other information and assurances as the Secretary may reasonably require by regulation.

(c) Standard for disapproval of application

The Secretary may not disapprove such an application unless the Secretary determines, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, that the application fails to comply with the requirements of this section.

(d) Subsequent State application

If a State has on file with the Secretary a policy, procedure, or assurance that demonstrates that the State meets a requirement of this section, including any policy or procedure filed under this subchapter (as in effect before December 3, 2004), the Secretary shall consider the State to have met the requirement for purposes of receiving a grant under this subchapter.

(e) Modification of application

An application submitted by a State in accordance with this section shall remain in effect until the State submits to the Secretary such modifications as the State determines necessary. This section shall apply to a modification of an application to the same extent and in the same manner as this section applies to the original application.

(f) Modifications required by the Secretary

The Secretary may require a State to modify its application under this section, but only to the extent necessary to ensure the State's compliance with this subchapter, if—

(1) an amendment is made to this chapter, or a Federal regulation issued under this chapter;

(2) a new interpretation of this chapter is made by a Federal court or the State's highest court; or

(3) an official finding of noncompliance with Federal law or regulations is made with respect to the State.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §637, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2752.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1437, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §637, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 112, related to State application and assurances, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.
20 U.S.C. § 4706 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 59: BARRY GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION PROGRAM / Section 4706: Scholarship and research internship conditions
Scholarship and research internship conditions
Status: in_force

(a) Scholarship conditions

A person awarded a scholarship under this chapter may receive payments authorized under this chapter only during such periods as the Foundation finds that the person is maintaining satisfactory proficiency pursuant to regulations of the Board.

(b) Reports on scholarships

The Foundation may require reports containing such information in such form and to be filed at such times as the Foundation determines to be necessary from any person awarded a scholarship under this chapter. Such reports shall be accompanied by a certificate from an appropriate official at the institution of higher education, approved by the Foundation, stating that such person is making satisfactory progress in, and is devoting essentially full time to study or research, except as otherwise provided in subsection (a).

(c) Research internship conditions

A person awarded a research internship under this chapter may receive payments authorized under this chapter only during such periods as the Foundation finds that the person is maintaining satisfactory proficiency pursuant to regulations of the Board.

(d) Reports on research internships

The Foundation may require reports containing such information in such form and to be filed at such times as the Foundation determines to be necessary from any person awarded a research internship under this chapter. Such reports may be accompanied by a certificate from an appropriate official at the institution of higher education or internship employer, approved by the Foundation, stating that such person is maintaining satisfactory progress in the internship.

(Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIV, §1407, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 4010; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXIII, §6305, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2394.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2021—Pub. L. 117–81, §6305(1), inserted "and research internship" after "Scholarship" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–81, §6305(2), substituted "Scholarship conditions" for "In general" in heading and struck out "and devoting full time to study or research and is not engaging in gainful employment other than employment approved by the Foundation" after "satisfactory proficiency" in text.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–81, §6305(3), substituted "Reports on scholarships" for "Reports" in heading.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 117–81, §6305(4), added subsecs. (c) and (d).
20 U.S.C. § 1161h (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter IX: ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS / Section 1161h: Improving college enrollment by secondary schools
Improving college enrollment by secondary schools
Status: in_force

(a) In general

From the amounts appropriated under subsection (c), the Secretary shall award a grant to one nonprofit organization described in subsection (b) to enable the nonprofit organization—

(1) to make publicly available the year-to-year postsecondary education enrollment rate trends of secondary school students, disaggregated by secondary school, in compliance with section 1232g of this title (commonly known as the "Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974");

(2) to identify not less than 50 urban local educational agencies and five States with significant rural populations, each serving a significant population of low-income students, and to carry out a comprehensive assessment in the agencies and States of the factors known to contribute to improved postsecondary education enrollment rates, which factors shall include—

(A) the local educational agency's and State's leadership strategies and capacities;

(B) the secondary school curriculum and class offerings of the local educational agency and State;

(C) the professional development used by the local educational agency and the State to assist teachers, guidance counselors, and administrators in supporting the transition of secondary students to postsecondary education;

(D) secondary school student attendance and other factors demonstrated to be associated with enrollment into postsecondary education;

(E) the use of data systems by the local educational agency and the State to measure postsecondary education enrollment rates and the incentives in place to motivate the efforts of faculty and students to improve student and schoolwide outcomes; and

(F) strategies to mobilize student leaders to build a college-bound culture; and

(3) to provide comprehensive services to improve the schoolwide postsecondary education enrollment rates of each of not less than ten local educational agencies and States, with the federally funded portion of each project declining by not less than 20 percent each year beginning in the second year of the comprehensive services, that—

(A) participated in the needs assessment described in paragraph (2); and

(B) demonstrated a willingness and commitment to improving the postsecondary education enrollment rates of the local educational agency or State, respectively.

(b) Grant recipient criteria

The recipient of the grant awarded under subsection (a) shall be a nonprofit organization with demonstrated expertise—

(1) in increasing schoolwide postsecondary enrollment rates in low-income communities nationwide by providing curriculum, training, and technical assistance to secondary school staff and student peer influencers; and

(2) in a postsecondary education transition data management system.

(c) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and each of the five succeeding fiscal years.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VIII, §808, as added Pub. L. 110–315, title VIII, §801, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3396; amended Pub. L. 111–39, title VIII, §801(3), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1955.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2009—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–39 substituted "section 1232g of this title (commonly known as the 'Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974')" for "the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7934 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7934: Accountability to taxpayers through monitoring and oversight
Accountability to taxpayers through monitoring and oversight
Status: in_force

To improve monitoring and oversight of taxpayer funds authorized for appropriation under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.), and to deter and prohibit waste, fraud, and abuse with respect to such funds, the Secretary of Education shall—

(1) notify each recipient of a grant under such Act (and, if applicable, require the grantee to inform each subgrantee) of its responsibility to—

(A) comply with all monitoring requirements under the applicable program or programs; and

(B) monitor properly any subgrantee under the applicable program or programs;

(2) review and analyze the results of monitoring and compliance reviews—

(A) to understand trends and identify common issues; and

(B) to issue guidance to help grantees address such issues before the loss or misuse of taxpayer funding occurs;

(3) publicly report the work undertaken by the Secretary to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse with respect to such taxpayer funds; and

(4) work with the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Education, as needed, to help ensure that employees of the Department understand how to adequately monitor grantees and to help grantees adequately monitor any subgrantees.

(Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9204, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2138.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and such Act, referred to in text, are Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Every Student Succeeds Act, and not as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

Prior sections 7934 to 7938 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Section 7934, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9304, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3806, related to Alaska Native educational planning, curriculum development, and teacher training and recruitment programs.

Section 7935, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9305, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3807, related to Alaska Native home based education for preschool children.

Section 7936, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9306, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3808, related to Alaska Native student enrichment programs.

Section 7937, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9307, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3809, set forth administrative provisions.

Section 7938, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9308, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3809, defined terms.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 5896 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter III: STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEMIC IMPROVEMENT / Section 5896: title VII, §703(a)(15)(A)
title VII, §703(a)(15)(A)
Status: in_force

Section, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §316, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 184, provided that standards or State assessments described in State improvement plan submitted in accordance with section 5886 of this title were not to be required to be certified by Council.
20 U.S.C. § 5897 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 68: NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter III: STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEMIC IMPROVEMENT / Section 5897: title III, §310(i)
title III, §310(i)
Status: in_force

Section 5897, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §317, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 184; Pub. L. 103–382, title III, §361(d), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3975; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §703(a)(16)], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–254; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to State planning for improving student achievement through integration of technology into curriculum.

Section 5898, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §318, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 186, related to prohibition on Federal mandates, direction, and control.

Section 5899, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §319, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 186, related to State and local government control of education.

Section 5900, Pub. L. 103–227, title III, §320, as added Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(d) [title VII, §706], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–211, 1321–257; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, related to certain prohibited conditions to receiving assistance and to limitations on Government officials.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective Sept. 30, 2000, see section 1000(a)(4) [title III, §310(i)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 5881 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7973 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7973: Nonsmoking policy for children's services
Nonsmoking policy for children's services
Status: in_force

(a) Prohibition

After January 8, 2002, no person shall permit smoking within any indoor facility owned or leased or contracted for, and utilized, by such person for provision of routine or regular kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education or library services to children.

(b) Additional prohibition

(1) In general

After January 8, 2002, no person shall permit smoking within any indoor facility (or portion of such a facility) owned or leased or contracted for, and utilized by, such person for the provision of regular or routine health care or day care or early childhood education programs.

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—

(A) any portion of such facility that is used for inpatient hospital treatment of individuals dependent on, or addicted to, drugs or alcohol; and

(B) any private residence.

(c) Federal agencies

(1) Kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education or library services

After January 8, 2002, no Federal agency shall permit smoking within any indoor facility in the United States operated by such agency, directly or by contract, to provide routine or regular kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education or library services to children.

(2) Health or day care or early childhood education programs

(A) In general

After January 8, 2002, no Federal agency shall permit smoking within any indoor facility (or portion of such facility) operated by such agency, directly or by contract, to provide routine or regular health or day care or early childhood education programs to children.

(B) Exception

Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to—

(i) any portion of such facility that is used for inpatient hospital treatment of individuals dependent on, or addicted to, drugs or alcohol; and

(ii) any private residence.

(3) Application of provisions

The provisions of paragraph (2) shall also apply to the provision of such routine or regular kindergarten, elementary or secondary education or library services in the facilities described in paragraph (2) not subject to paragraph (1).

(d) Notice

The prohibitions in subsections (a) through (c) shall be published in a notice in the Federal Register by the Secretary (in consultation with the heads of other affected agencies) and by such agency heads in funding arrangements involving the provision of children's services administered by such heads. Such prohibitions shall be effective 90 days after such notice is published, or 270 days after January 8, 2002, whichever occurs first.

(e) Civil penalties

(1) In general

Any failure to comply with a prohibition in this section shall be considered to be a violation of this section and any person subject to such prohibition who commits such violation may be liable to the United States for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $1,000 for each violation, or may be subject to an administrative compliance order, or both, as determined by the Secretary. Each day a violation continues shall constitute a separate violation. In the case of any civil penalty assessed under this section, the total amount shall not exceed 50 percent of the amount of Federal funds received under any subchapter of this chapter by such person for the fiscal year in which the continuing violation occurred. For the purpose of the prohibition in subsection (c), the term "person", as used in this paragraph, shall mean the head of the applicable Federal agency or the contractor of such agency providing the services to children.

(2) Administrative proceeding

A civil penalty may be assessed in a written notice, or an administrative compliance order may be issued under paragraph (1), by the Secretary only after an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5. Before making such assessment or issuing such order, or both, the Secretary shall give written notice of the assessment or order to such person by certified mail with return receipt and provide information in the notice of an opportunity to request in writing, not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of such notice, such hearing. The notice shall reasonably describe the violation and be accompanied with the procedures for such hearing and a simple form that may be used to request such hearing if such person desires to use such form. If a hearing is requested, the Secretary shall establish by such certified notice the time and place for such hearing, which shall be located, to the greatest extent possible, at a location convenient to such person. The Secretary (or the Secretary's designee) and such person may consult to arrange a suitable date and location where appropriate.

(3) Circumstances affecting penalty or order

In determining the amount of the civil penalty or the nature of the administrative compliance order, the Secretary shall take into account, as appropriate—

(A) the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation;

(B) with respect to the violator, any good faith efforts to comply, the importance of achieving early and permanent compliance, the ability to pay or comply, the effect of the penalty or order on the ability to continue operation, any prior history of the same kind of violation, the degree of culpability, and any demonstration of willingness to comply with the prohibitions of this section in a timely manner; and

(C) such other matters as justice may require.

(4) Modification

The Secretary may, as appropriate, compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty or administrative compliance order. In the case of a civil penalty, the amount, as finally determined by the Secretary or agreed upon in compromise, may be deducted from any sums that the United States or the agencies or instrumentalities of the United States owe to the person against whom the penalty is assessed.

(5) Petition for review

Any person aggrieved by a penalty assessed or an order issued, or both, by the Secretary under this section may file a petition for judicial review of the order with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit or for any other circuit in which the person resides or transacts business. Such person shall provide a copy of the petition to the Secretary or the Secretary's designee. The petition shall be filed within 30 days after the Secretary's assessment or order, or both, are final and have been provided to such person by certified mail. The Secretary shall promptly provide to the court a certified copy of the transcript of any hearing held under this section and a copy of the notice or order.

(6) Failure to comply

If a person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty or comply with an order, after the assessment or order, or both, are final under this section, or after a court has entered a final judgment under paragraph (5) in favor of the Secretary, the Attorney General, at the request of the Secretary, shall recover the amount of the civil penalty (plus interest at prevailing rates from the day the assessment or order, or both, are final) or enforce the order in an action brought in the appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of the penalty or order or the amount of the penalty shall not be subject to review.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8573, formerly title IV, §4303, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1774; renumbered title IX, §9563, renumbered title VIII, §8573, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(1), (4)(A), (B), (C)(ii), title VIII, §8001(a)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was classified to section 7183 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(A), substituted "early childhood education programs" for "early childhood development (Head Start) services".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(B)(i), substituted "education programs" for "development services" in heading.

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(B)(ii), substituted "education programs" for "development (Head Start) services".

Subsec. (e)(3)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(C), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which was missing an opening parenthesis before the subpar. designation and read as follows: "such other matters as justice may require."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1134 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter VII: GRADUATE AND POSTSECONDARY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS / Section 1134: Award of Jacob K. Javits fellowships
Award of Jacob K. Javits fellowships
Status: in_force

(a) Authority and timing of awards

The Secretary is authorized to award fellowships in accordance with the provisions of this subpart for graduate study in the arts, humanities, and social sciences by students of superior ability selected on the basis of demonstrated achievement, financial need, and exceptional promise. The fellowships shall be awarded to students who are eligible to receive any grant, loan, or work assistance pursuant to section 1091 of this title and intend to pursue a doctoral degree, except that fellowships may be granted to students pursuing a master's degree in those fields in which the master's degree is the terminal highest degree awarded in the area of study. All funds appropriated in a fiscal year shall be obligated and expended to the students for fellowships for use in the academic year beginning after July 1 of the fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the funds were appropriated. The fellowships shall be awarded for only 1 academic year of study and shall be renewable for a period not to exceed 4 years of study.

(b) Designation of fellows

Students receiving awards under this subpart shall be known as "Jacob K. Javits Fellows".

(c) Interruptions of study

The institution of higher education may allow a fellowship recipient to interrupt periods of study for a period not to exceed 12 months for the purpose of work, travel, or independent study away from the campus, if such independent study is supportive of the fellowship recipient's academic program and shall continue payments for those 12-month periods during which the student is pursuing travel or independent study supportive of the recipient's academic program. In the case of other exceptional circumstances, such as active duty military service or personal or family member illness, the institution of higher education may also permit the fellowship recipient to interrupt periods of study for the duration of the tour of duty (in the case of military service) or for not more than 12 months (in any other case), but without payment of the stipend.

(d) Process and timing of competition

The Secretary shall make applications for fellowships under this part available not later than October 1 of the academic year preceding the academic year for which fellowships will be awarded, and shall announce the recipients of fellowships under this section not later than March 1 of the academic year preceding the academic year for which the fellowships are awarded.

(e) Authority to contract

The Secretary is authorized to enter into a contract with a nongovernmental agency to administer the program assisted under this part if the Secretary determines that entering into the contract is an efficient means of carrying out the program.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VII, §701, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title VII, §701, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1786; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title VII, §702(a), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3345.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1134h of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.

A prior section 1134, Pub. L. 89–329, title IX, §901, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title IX, §901(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1549; amended Pub. L. 102–325, title IX, §901, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 103–208, §2(j)(27), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2482, stated purpose of former subchapter IX of this chapter and contained administrative provisions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, §3, title VII, §702, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, 1803, effective Oct. 1, 1998.

Another prior section 1134, Pub. L. 89–329, title IX, §901, as added Pub. L. 92–318, title I, §181(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 304; amended Pub. L. 94–482, title I, §171(a)(1), (2), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2159; Pub. L. 96–49, §9(a), Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 353; Pub. L. 96–374, title IX, §901(a), title XIII, §1391(a)(1), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1482, 1503, set forth Congressional declaration of purpose and authorized appropriations for grants to institutions of higher education, prior to the general amendment of subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 1134, Pub. L. 89–329, title IX, §901, as added Pub. L. 90–575, title II, §261, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1043, set forth Congressional declaration of purpose respecting education for the public service, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 92–318.

A prior section 701 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132a of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

Another prior section 701 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132a of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.

Another prior section 701 of Pub. L. 89–329 was classified to section 1132a of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315 inserted at end "In the case of other exceptional circumstances, such as active duty military service or personal or family member illness, the institution of higher education may also permit the fellowship recipient to interrupt periods of study for the duration of the tour of duty (in the case of military service) or for not more than 12 months (in any other case), but without payment of the stipend."
20 U.S.C. § 906 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 25: PAY AND PERSONNEL PROGRAM FOR OVERSEAS TEACHERS / Section 906: Entitlements in addition to basic compensation
Entitlements in addition to basic compensation
Status: in_force

(a) Cost-of-living increase and additional compensation

Under regulations which shall be prescribed by or under authority of the President, each teacher (other than a teacher employed in a substitute capacity) shall be entitled, in addition to basic compensation, to—

(1) cost-of-living allowances equal to those authorized by section 5924 of title 5, and

(2) additional compensation equal to that authorized under section 5941 of title 5.

(b) Post differential

The cost-of-living allowances and additional compensation provided under subsection (a) of this section for any teacher shall be based on the teaching position in which he rendered services on a school-year basis, except that, if such teacher is employed in another position during any recess period between two school years, such allowances and compensation for such recess period shall be based on the position in which he is employed during such recess period.

(Pub. L. 86–91, §8, July 17, 1959, 73 Stat. 216; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2206(d), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2162.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsec. (a)(2), "section 5941 of title 5" substituted for "section 207 of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1949 (5 U.S.C. 118h)" on authority of Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, the first section of which enacted Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Section was formerly classified to section 2356 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5 by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.

Amendments

1980—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted reference to section 5924 of title 5 for reference to section 1131(2) of title 22.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1980 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions

Functions vested in President by subsec. (a) of this section concerning authority to prescribe regulations relating to cost of living allowances delegated to Secretary of State pursuant to Ex. Ord. No. 12228, July 24, 1980, 45 F.R. 49903, set out as a note under section 707 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section delegated to Director of Bureau of the Budget, now Director of Office of Management and Budget, see section 1(10) of Ex. Ord. No. 11230, June 28, 1965, 30 F.R. 8447, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Secretary of State empowered to prescribe regulations relating to quarters and quarters allowance, see section 4(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 10903, Jan. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 217, set out as a note under section 5921 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Regulations Applicable to Payment of Additional Compensation

For provisions relating to payment of additional compensation authorized by subsec. (a)(2) of this section in accordance with the regulations contained in Ex. Ord. No. 10000, see section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12228, July 24, 1980, 45 F.R. 49903, set out as a note under section 707 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.
20 U.S.C. § 6394 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter I: IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED / Section 6394: State applications; services
State applications; services
Status: in_force

(a) Application required

Any State desiring to receive a grant under this part for any fiscal year shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may require.

(b) Program information

Each such application shall include—

(1) a description of how, in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs and projects assisted under this part, the State and its local operating agencies will ensure that the unique educational needs of migratory children, including preschool migratory children and migratory children who have dropped out of school, are identified and addressed through—

(A) the full range of services that are available for migratory children from appropriate local, State, and Federal educational programs;

(B) joint planning among local, State, and Federal educational programs serving migratory children, including language instruction educational programs under part A of subchapter III;

(C) the integration of services available under this part with services provided by those other programs; and

(D) measurable program objectives and outcomes;

(2) a description of the steps the State is taking to provide all migratory students with the opportunity to meet the same challenging State academic standards that all children are expected to meet;

(3) a description of how the State will use funds received under this part to promote interstate and intrastate coordination of services for migratory children, including how the State will provide for educational continuity through the timely transfer of pertinent school records, including information on health, when children move from one school to another, whether or not such move occurs during the regular school year;

(4) a description of the State's priorities for the use of funds received under this part, and how such priorities relate to the State's assessment of needs for services in the State;

(5) a description of how the State will determine the amount of any subgrants the State will award to local operating agencies, taking into account the numbers and needs of migratory children, the requirements of subsection (d), and the availability of funds from other Federal, State, and local programs; and

(6) a description of how the State will encourage programs and projects assisted under this part to offer family literacy services if the program or project serves a substantial number of migratory children whose parents do not have a high school diploma or its recognized equivalent or who have low levels of literacy.

(c) Assurances

Each such application shall also include assurances that—

(1) funds received under this part will be used only—

(A) for programs and projects, including the acquisition of equipment, in accordance with section 6396 of this title; and

(B) to coordinate such programs and projects with similar programs and projects within the State and in other States, as well as with other Federal programs that can benefit migratory children and their families;

(2) such programs and projects will be carried out in a manner consistent with the objectives of section 6314 of this title, subsections (b) and (d) of section 6315 of this title, subsections (b) and (c) of section 6321 of this title, and part F;

(3) in the planning and operation of programs and projects at both the State and local agency operating level, there is consultation with parents of migratory children, including parent advisory councils, for programs not less than 1 school year in duration, and that all such programs and projects are carried out—

(A) in a manner that provides for the same parental involvement as is required for programs and projects under section 6318 of this title, unless extraordinary circumstances make such provision impractical; and

(B) in a format and language understandable to the parents;

(4) in planning and carrying out such programs and projects, there has been, and will be, adequate provision for addressing the unmet education needs of preschool migratory children and migratory children who have dropped out of school;

(5) the effectiveness of such programs and projects will be determined, where feasible, using the same approaches and standards that will be used to assess the performance of students, schools, and local educational agencies under part A;

(6) such programs and projects will provide for outreach activities for migratory children and their families to inform such children and families of other education, health, nutrition, and social services to help connect them to such services;

(7) to the extent feasible, such programs and projects will provide for—

(A) advocacy and other outreach activities for migratory children and their families, including helping such children and families gain access to other education, health, nutrition, and social services;

(B) professional development programs, including mentoring, for teachers and other program personnel;

(C) family literacy programs;

(D) the integration of information technology into educational and related programs; and

(E) programs to facilitate the transition of secondary school students to postsecondary education or employment; and

(8) the State will assist the Secretary in determining the number of migratory children under section 6393(a)(1) of this title.

(d) Priority for services

In providing services with funds received under this part, each recipient of such funds shall give priority to migratory children who have made a qualifying move within the previous 1-year period and who—

(1) are failing, or most at risk of failing, to meet the challenging State academic standards; or

(2) have dropped out of school.

(e) Continuation of services

Notwithstanding any other provision of this part—

(1) a child who ceases to be a migratory child during a school term shall be eligible for services until the end of such term;

(2) a child who is no longer a migratory child may continue to receive services for 1 additional school year, but only if comparable services are not available through other programs; and

(3) students who were eligible for services in secondary school may continue to be served through credit accrual programs until graduation.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1304, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title I, §101, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1574; amended Pub. L. 114–95, title I, §1301(c), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1896.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 6394, Pub. L. 89–10, title I, §1304, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3587; amended Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title XVI, §1605], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–334, related to State applications and services, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 107–110.

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(A)(i), in introductory provisions substituted "unique educational needs" for "special educational needs" and inserted "and migratory children who have dropped out of school" after "preschool migratory children".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "migratory children" for "migrant children" and "part A of subchapter III" for "part A or B of subchapter III".

Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(A)(iii), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "measurable program goals and outcomes;".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(B), substituted "challenging State academic standards" for "challenging State academic content standards and challenging State student academic achievement standards".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(C), struck out ", consistent with procedures the Secretary may require," after "including how".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(D), inserted "and" after semicolon at end.

Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(1)(E)–(G), redesignated par. (7) as (6), substituted "migratory children whose parents do not have a high school diploma" for "migratory children who have parents who do not have a high school diploma", and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "such budgetary and other information as the Secretary may require; and".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(2)(A), struck out ", satisfactory to the Secretary," after "assurances" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(2)(B), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to subsections (b) and (c) of section 6321 of this title and substituted "part F" for "part I".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(2)(C)(i), in introductory provisions substituted "parents of migratory children, including parent advisory councils," for "parent advisory councils" and "not less than 1 school year in duration" for "of 1 school year in duration".

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(2)(C)(ii), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 6318 of this title.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(2)(D), inserted "and migratory children who have dropped out of school" after "preschool migratory children".

Subsec. (c)(6) to (8). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(2)(E)–(G), added pars. (6) and (7), redesignated former par. (7) as (8), in par. (8) substituted "section 6393(a)(1) of this title" for "paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(B)(i) of section 6393(a) of this title, through such procedures as the Secretary may require", and struck out former par. (6) which related to assurances that, to the extent feasible, programs would provide for advocacy and outreach activities, professional development programs, family literacy programs, the integration of information technology into programs, and programs to facilitate the transition to postsecondary education or employment.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(3), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In providing services with funds received under this part, each recipient of such funds shall give priority to migratory children who are failing, or most at risk of failing, to meet the State's challenging State academic content standards and challenging State student academic achievement standards, and whose education has been interrupted during the regular school year."

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §1301(c)(4), substituted "students" for "secondary school students".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 3811 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 51: ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION BLOCK GRANT / Subchapter II: CONSOLIDATION OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION / Section 3811: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title I, §1003(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-297, title I, §1003(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 293
Status: repealed

Section 3811, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §561, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 98–211, §9(a), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1415, related to statement of purpose of program of consolidating various Federal programs for elementary and secondary education.

Section 3812, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §562, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 98–211, §10, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1416, related to authorization of appropriations.

Section 3813, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §563, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 98–211, §11, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1416, related to allotment of funds to States.

Section 3814, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §564, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 98–211, §§9(b), 12, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1415, 1416, related to State applications.

Section 3815, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §565, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 98–211, §21(a), Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1418, related to allocation of funds to local educational agencies.

Section 3816, Pub. L. 97–35, title V, §566, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 98–211, §§9(c), 13, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1416, related to local applications.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective July 1, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1685 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 38: DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEX OR BLINDNESS / Section 1685: Authority under other laws unaffected
Authority under other laws unaffected
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall add to or detract from any existing authority with respect to any program or activity under which Federal financial assistance is extended by way of a contract of insurance or guaranty.

(Pub. L. 92–318, title IX, §905, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 375.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title IX of Pub. L. 92–318 which enacted this chapter and amended sections 203 and 213 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2000c, 2000c–6, 2000c–9, and 2000h–2 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.
20 U.S.C. § 2395 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 2395: Limitation for certain students
Limitation for certain students
Status: in_force

No funds received under this chapter may be used to provide career and technical education programs or programs of study to students prior to the the 1 middle grades (as such term is defined in section 7801 of this title), except that equipment and facilities purchased with funds under this chapter may be used by such students.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §215, formerly title III, §315, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 744; renumbered title II, §215, and amended Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(3), (5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2395, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §315, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, imposed a limitation for certain students, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Another prior section 2395 and prior sections 2395a to 2395e were omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332.

Section 2395, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §351, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 792, stated purpose of supplementary State grant program.

Section 2395a, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §352, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to allotment to States.

Section 2395b, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §353, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to allocations to local educational agencies.

Section 2395c, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §354, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to use of grant funds.

Section 2395d, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §355, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 793, related to State applications for grants.

Section 2395e, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §356, as added Pub. L. 101–392, title III, §309, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 794, related to local applications for grants.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–224, §201(a)(3), inserted "or programs of study" after "career and technical education programs" and substituted "the middle grades (as such term is defined in section 7801 of this title)" for "seventh grade".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.

1 So in original.
20 U.S.C. § 1068b (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter III: INSTITUTIONAL AID / Section 1068b: Application review process
Application review process
Status: in_force

(a) Review panel

(1) All applications submitted under this subchapter by institutions of higher education shall be read by a panel of readers composed of individuals selected by the Secretary. The Secretary shall assure that no individual assigned under this section to review any application has any conflict of interest with regard to the application which might impair the impartiality with which the individual conducts the review under this section.

(2) The Secretary shall take care to assure that representatives of historically and predominantly Black colleges, Hispanic institutions, Tribal Colleges and Universities, and institutions with substantial numbers of Hispanics, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and Native American Pacific Islanders (including Native Hawaiians) are included as readers.

(3) All readers selected by the Secretary shall receive thorough instruction from the Secretary regarding the evaluation process for applications submitted under this subchapter and consistent with the provisions of this subchapter, including—

(A) explanations and examples of the types of activities referred to in section 1057(b) of this title that should receive special consideration for grants awarded under part A and of the types of activities referred to in section 1062 of this title that should receive special consideration for grants awarded under part B;

(B) an enumeration of the factors to be used to determine the quality of applications submitted under this subchapter; and

(C) an enumeration of the factors to be used to determine whether a grant should be awarded for a project under this subchapter, the amount of any such grant, and the duration of any such grant.

(b) Recommendations of panel

In awarding grants under this subchapter, the Secretary shall take into consideration the recommendations of the panel made under subsection (a).

(c) Notification

Not later than June 30 of each year, the Secretary shall notify each institution of higher education making an application under this subchapter of—

(1) the scores given the applicant by the panel pursuant to this section;

(2) the recommendations of the panel with respect to such application; and

(3) the reasons for the decision of the Secretary in awarding or refusing to award a grant under this subchapter, and any modifications, if any, in the recommendations of the panel made by the Secretary.

(d) Exclusion

The provisions of this section shall not apply to applications submitted under part D.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title III, §393, formerly §353, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title III, §301(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1305; renumbered §393 and amended Pub. L. 105–244, title III, §§301(a)(2), 308(e), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1636, 1649.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1068 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 105–244.

Amendments

1998—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–244, §308(e)(1), substituted "Tribal Colleges and Universities" for "Native American colleges and universities".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–244, §308(e)(2), added subsec. (d).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1443 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 33: EDUCATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES / Subchapter III: INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES / Section 1443: Allocation of funds
Allocation of funds
Status: in_force

(a) Reservation of funds for outlying areas

(1) In general

From the sums appropriated to carry out this subchapter for any fiscal year, the Secretary may reserve not more than 1 percent for payments to Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in accordance with their respective needs for assistance under this subchapter.

(2) Consolidation of funds

The provisions of Public Law 95–134, permitting the consolidation of grants to the outlying areas, shall not apply to funds those areas receive under this subchapter.

(b) Payments to Indians

(1) In general

The Secretary shall, subject to this subsection, make payments to the Secretary of the Interior to be distributed to tribes, tribal organizations (as defined under section 5304 of title 25), or consortia of the above entities for the coordination of assistance in the provision of early intervention services by the States to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families on reservations served by elementary schools and secondary schools for Indian children operated or funded by the Department of the Interior. The amount of such payment for any fiscal year shall be 1.25 percent of the aggregate of the amount available to all States under this subchapter for such fiscal year.

(2) Allocation

For each fiscal year, the Secretary of the Interior shall distribute the entire payment received under paragraph (1) by providing to each tribe, tribal organization, or consortium an amount based on the number of infants and toddlers residing on the reservation, as determined annually, divided by the total of such children served by all tribes, tribal organizations, or consortia.

(3) Information

To receive a payment under this subsection, the tribe, tribal organization, or consortium shall submit such information to the Secretary of the Interior as is needed to determine the amounts to be distributed under paragraph (2).

(4) Use of funds

The funds received by a tribe, tribal organization, or consortium shall be used to assist States in child find, screening, and other procedures for the early identification of Indian children under 3 years of age and for parent training. Such funds may also be used to provide early intervention services in accordance with this subchapter. Such activities may be carried out directly or through contracts or cooperative agreements with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, local educational agencies, and other public or private nonprofit organizations. The tribe, tribal organization, or consortium is encouraged to involve Indian parents in the development and implementation of these activities. The above entities shall, as appropriate, make referrals to local, State, or Federal entities for the provision of services or further diagnosis.

(5) Reports

To be eligible to receive a payment under paragraph (2), a tribe, tribal organization, or consortium shall make a biennial report to the Secretary of the Interior of activities undertaken under this subsection, including the number of contracts and cooperative agreements entered into, the number of infants and toddlers contacted and receiving services for each year, and the estimated number of infants and toddlers needing services during the 2 years following the year in which the report is made. The Secretary of the Interior shall include a summary of this information on a biennial basis to the Secretary of Education along with such other information as required under section 1411(h)(3)(E) of this title. The Secretary of Education may require any additional information from the Secretary of the Interior.

(6) Prohibited uses of funds

None of the funds under this subsection may be used by the Secretary of the Interior for administrative purposes, including child count, and the provision of technical assistance.

(c) State allotments

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), from the funds remaining for each fiscal year after the reservation and payments under subsections (a), (b), and (e), the Secretary shall first allot to each State an amount that bears the same ratio to the amount of such remainder as the number of infants and toddlers in the State bears to the number of infants and toddlers in all States.

(2) Minimum allotments

Except as provided in paragraph (3), no State shall receive an amount under this section for any fiscal year that is less than the greater of—

(A) ½ of 1 percent of the remaining amount described in paragraph (1); or

(B) $500,000.

(3) Ratable reduction

(A) In general

If the sums made available under this subchapter for any fiscal year are insufficient to pay the full amounts that all States are eligible to receive under this subsection for such year, the Secretary shall ratably reduce the allotments to such States for such year.

(B) Additional funds

If additional funds become available for making payments under this subsection for a fiscal year, allotments that were reduced under subparagraph (A) shall be increased on the same basis the allotments were reduced.

(4) Definitions

In this subsection—

(A) the terms "infants" and "toddlers" mean children under 3 years of age; and

(B) the term "State" means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(d) Reallotment of funds

If a State elects not to receive its allotment under subsection (c), the Secretary shall reallot, among the remaining States, amounts from such State in accordance with such subsection.

(e) Reservation for State incentive grants

(1) In general

For any fiscal year for which the amount appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 1444 of this title exceeds $460,000,000, the Secretary shall reserve 15 percent of such appropriated amount to provide grants to States that are carrying out the policy described in section 1435(c) of this title in order to facilitate the implementation of such policy.

(2) Amount of grant

(A) In general

Notwithstanding paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c), the Secretary shall provide a grant to each State under paragraph (1) in an amount that bears the same ratio to the amount reserved under such paragraph as the number of infants and toddlers in the State bears to the number of infants and toddlers in all States receiving grants under such paragraph.

(B) Maximum amount

No State shall receive a grant under paragraph (1) for any fiscal year in an amount that is greater than 20 percent of the amount reserved under such paragraph for the fiscal year.

(3) Carryover of amounts

(A) First succeeding fiscal year

Pursuant to section 1225(b) of this title, amounts under a grant provided under paragraph (1) that are not obligated and expended prior to the beginning of the first fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year for which such amounts were appropriated shall remain available for obligation and expenditure during such first succeeding fiscal year.

(B) Second succeeding fiscal year

Amounts under a grant provided under paragraph (1) that are not obligated and expended prior to the beginning of the second fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year for which such amounts were appropriated shall be returned to the Secretary and used to make grants to States under section 1433 of this title (from their allotments under this section) during such second succeeding fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §643, as added Pub. L. 108–446, title I, §101, Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2760.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Public Law 95–134, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is Pub. L. 95–134, Oct. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 1159. Provisions relating to consolidation of grants are contained in section 501 of Pub. L. 95–134 which is classified to section 1469a of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1443, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §643, as added Pub. L. 105–17, title I, §101, June 4, 1997, 111 Stat. 118, related to allocation of funds, prior to the general amendment of subchapters I to IV of this chapter by Pub. L. 108–446.

Another prior section 1443, Pub. L. 91–230, title VI, §643, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 185; Pub. L. 98–199, §§3(b), 12, Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1358, 1373; Pub. L. 99–457, title III, §313, Oct. 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 1170; Pub. L. 100–630, title I, §105(c), Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3299; Pub. L. 101–476, title IX, §901(b)(145), (146), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 102–119, §25(b), Oct. 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 607, related to requirement of the Secretary to convene panels of experts to evaluate proposals for projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–476, title V, §§503, 1001, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1138, 1151, effective Oct. 1, 1990.
20 U.S.C. § 80s (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 3: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, NATIONAL MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES / Subchapter XV: CIVIL RIGHTS HISTORY PROJECT / Section 80s: Findings; purpose
Findings; purpose
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds as follows:

(1) A fundamental principle of American democracy is that individuals should stand up for their rights and beliefs and fight for justice.

(2) The actions of those who participated in the Civil Rights movement from the 1950s through the 1960s are a shining example of this principle in action, demonstrated in events as varied as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the sit-ins, the Freedom Rides, the March on Washington, the drive for voting rights in Mississippi, and the March to Selma.

(3) While the Civil Rights movement had many visible leaders, including Thurgood Marshall, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Rosa Parks, there were many others whose impact and experience were just as important to the cause but who are not as well known.

(4) The participants in the Civil Rights movement possess an invaluable resource in their first-hand memories of the movement, and the recording of the retelling of their stories and memories will provide a rich, detailed history of our Nation during an important and tumultuous period.

(5) It is in the Nation's interest to undertake a project to collect oral histories of individuals from the Civil Rights movement so future generations will be able to learn of their struggle and sacrifice through primary-source, eyewitness material. A coordinated Federal project would also focus attention on the efforts undertaken by various public and private entities to collect and interpret articles in all formats relating to the Civil Rights movement, and serve as a model for future projects undertaken in museums, libraries, and universities throughout the Nation.

(6) The Library of Congress and the Smithsonian Institution are appropriate repositories to collect, preserve, and make available to the public a collection of these oral histories. The Library and Smithsonian have expertise in the management of documentation projects, and experience in the development of cultural and educational programs for the public.

(b) Purpose

It is the purpose of this subchapter to create a new federally sponsored, authorized, and funded project that will coordinate at a national level the collection of video and audio recordings of personal histories and testimonials of individuals who participated in the American Civil Rights movement that will build upon and complement previous and ongoing documentary work on this subject, and to assist and encourage local efforts to preserve the memories of such individuals so that Americans of all current and future generations may hear from them directly and better appreciate the sacrifices they made.

(Pub. L. 111–19, §2, May 12, 2009, 123 Stat. 1612.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Pub. L. 111–19, §1, May 12, 2009, 123 Stat. 1612, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Civil Rights History Project Act of 2009'."
20 U.S.C. § 4362 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 55: EDUCATION OF THE DEAF / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 4362: Purchases through General Services Administration
Purchases through General Services Administration
Status: in_force

On and after September 8, 1978, Gallaudet University and the National Technical Institute for the Deaf are authorized to make purchases through the General Services Administration.

(Pub. L. 95–355, title I, §100, Sept. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 99–371, title I, §101(a), Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is from the Second Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1978, and not enacted as part of the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986, which comprises this chapter, and contained additional provisions relating to purchases by the American Printing House for the Blind and Howard University which are set out as sections 106 and 130 of this title, respectively.

Section, as it relates to Gallaudet University, was formerly classified to section 691i of this title, and as it relates to the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, was formerly classified to section 686 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Gallaudet University" substituted in text for "Gallaudet College" pursuant to section 101(a) of Pub. L. 99–371, which is classified to section 4301(a) of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 1011j (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 28: HIGHER EDUCATION RESOURCES AND STUDENT ASSISTANCE / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1011j: Prior rights and obligations
Prior rights and obligations
Status: in_force

(a) Authorization of appropriations

(1) Pre-1987 parts C and D of subchapter VII

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and for each succeeding fiscal year to pay obligations incurred prior to 1987 under parts C and D of subchapter VII, as such parts were in effect before the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992.

(2) Post-1992 and pre-1998 part C of subchapter VII

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2009 and for each succeeding fiscal year to pay obligations incurred prior to October 7, 1998, under part C of subchapter VII, as such part was in effect during the period—

(A) after the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992; and

(B) prior to October 7, 1998.

(b) Legal responsibilities

(1) Pre-1987 subchapter VII

All entities with continuing obligations incurred under parts A, B, C, and D of subchapter VII, as such parts were in effect before the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, shall be subject to the requirements of such part as in effect before the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992.

(2) Post-1992 and pre-1998 part C of subchapter VII

All entities with continuing obligations incurred under part C of subchapter VII, as such part was in effect during the period—

(A) after the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992; and

(B) prior to October 7, 1998,

shall be subject to the requirements of such part as such part was in effect during such period.

(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, §121, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, §101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1601; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title I, §108, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3094.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Parts A, B, C, and D of subchapter VII, as such parts were in effect before the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(1), means parts A (§1132b et seq.), B (§1132c et seq.), C (§1132d et seq.), and D (§1132e et seq.) of subchapter VII of this chapter, as in effect before the effective date of Pub. L. 102–325. For effective date of Pub. L. 102–325, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title. Pub. L. 102–325, title VII, §§703–707(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 738–753, amended subchapter VII of this chapter effective Oct. 1, 1992, by amending parts A to C generally, repealing part D, and redesignating former part E as D.

Part C of subchapter VII, as such part was in effect during the period after the effective date of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992 and prior to October 7, 1998, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (b)(2), probably means part C (§1132d et seq.) of subchapter VII of this chapter, as in effect during the period after the effective date of Pub. L. 102–325 and before it was amended by Pub. L. 105–244. For effective date of Pub. L. 102–325, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title. Pub. L. 105–244, title VII, §701, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1786, amended subchapter VII of this chapter generally, effective Oct. 1, 1998, omitting part C which related to loans for construction, reconstruction, and renovation of academic housing, and other educational facilities and adding a new part C (§1139 et seq.) relating to urban community service.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 1132a–1 of this title prior to the general amendment of subchapter VII of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–244.

A prior section 121 of Pub. L. 89–329, title I, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title I, §101, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1285, related to adult learning research and was classified to section 1016 of this title, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315 substituted "2009 and for each succeeding fiscal year" for "1999 and for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years" in pars. (1) and (2).
20 U.S.C. § 9401 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 75: EARLY LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES / Section 9401: Purposes
Purposes
Status: in_force

The purposes of this chapter are—

(1) to increase the availability of voluntary programs, services, and activities that support early childhood development, increase parent effectiveness, and promote the learning readiness of young children so that young children enter school ready to learn;

(2) to support parents, child care providers, and caregivers who want to incorporate early learning activities into the daily lives of young children;

(3) to remove barriers to the provision of an accessible system of early childhood learning programs in communities throughout the United States;

(4) to increase the availability and affordability of professional development activities and compensation for caregivers and child care providers; and

(5) to facilitate the development of community-based systems of collaborative service delivery models characterized by resource sharing, linkages between appropriate supports, and local planning for services.

(Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VIII, §802], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–80.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title; Findings

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title VIII, §801], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–79, provided that:

"(a) Short Title.—This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Early Learning Opportunities Act'.

"(b) Findings.—Congress finds that—

"(1) medical research demonstrates that adequate stimulation of a young child's brain between birth and age 5 is critical to the physical development of the young child's brain;

"(2) parents are the most significant and effective teachers of their children, and they alone are responsible for choosing the best early learning opportunities for their child;

"(3) parent education and parent involvement are critical to the success of any early learning program or activity;

"(4) the more intensively parents are involved in their child's early learning, the greater the cognitive and noncognitive benefits to their children;

"(5) many parents have difficulty finding the information and support the parents seek to help their children grow to their full potential;

"(6) each day approximately 13,000,000 young children, including 6,000,000 infants or toddlers, spend some or all of their day being cared for by someone other than their parents;

"(7) quality early learning programs, including those designed to promote effective parenting, can increase the literacy rate, the secondary school graduation rate, the employment rate, and the college enrollment rate for children who have participated in voluntary early learning programs and activities;

"(8) early childhood interventions can yield substantial advantages to participants in terms of emotional and cognitive development, education, economic well-being, and health, with the latter two advantages applying to the children's families as well;

"(9) participation in quality early learning programs, including those designed to promote effective parenting, can decrease the future incidence of teenage pregnancy, welfare dependency, at-risk behaviors, and juvenile delinquency for children;

"(10) several cost-benefit analysis studies indicate that for each $1 invested in quality early learning programs, the Federal Government can save over $5 by reducing the number of children and families who participate in Federal Government programs like special education and welfare;

"(11) for children placed in the care of others during the workday, the low salaries paid to the child care staff, the lack of career progression for the staff, and the lack of child development specialists involved in early learning and child care programs, make it difficult to attract and retain the quality of staff necessary for a positive early learning experience;

"(12) Federal Government support for early learning has primarily focused on out-of-home care programs like those established under the Head Start Act [42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.], the Child Care and Development Block Grant [Act] of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 9857 et seq.], and part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.], and these programs—

"(A) serve far fewer than half of all eligible children;

"(B) are not primarily designed to provide support for parents who care for their young children in the home; and

"(C) lack a means of coordinating early learning opportunities in each community; and

"(13) by helping communities increase, expand, and better coordinate early learning opportunities for children and their families, the productivity and creativity of future generations will be improved, and the Nation will be prepared for continued leadership in the 21st century."
20 U.S.C. § 8501 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter XII: SCHOOL FACILITIES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT / Section 8501: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-110, title X, §1011(5)(A), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986
Status: repealed

Section 8501, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12001, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3870, set out short title of the Education Infrastructure Act of 1994.

Section 8502, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12002, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3870, set forth findings.

Section 8503, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12003, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3871, set forth purpose.

Section 8504, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12004, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3871, authorized program for improvement of public elementary and secondary education facilities.

Section 8505, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12005, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3871, related to award of grants.

Section 8506, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12006, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3872, related to applications.

Section 8507, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12007, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3872, related to authorized activities.

Section 8508, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12008, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3873, related to budget and accounting, use of funds, powers of Secretary, contracts for supplies or services, and applicability of provisions of title 31.

Section 8509, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12009, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3874, related to payment of fair wages.

Section 8510, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12010, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3874, set forth special rules and general limitations.

Section 8511, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12011, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3875, related to Federal assessment.

Section 8512, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12012, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3875, defined terms.

Section 8513, Pub. L. 89–10, title XII, §12013, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3875, authorized appropriations.
20 U.S.C. § 5205 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 63: EISENHOWER EXCHANGE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / Section 5205: Use of income on endowment
Use of income on endowment
Status: in_force

(a), (b) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title IV, §407], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–45; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327

(c) Agricultural exchange program

For any fiscal year, as may be determined by Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, a portion of the amounts made available to Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pursuant to section 5203(a) of this title shall be used to provide fellowships for agricultural exchange programs for farmers from the United States and foreign countries.

(d) Participation by United States minority populations

In order to ensure that the United States fellows participating in programs of the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, are representative of the cultural, ethnic, and racial diversity of the American people, of the amounts made available to Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pursuant to section 5203(a) of this title which are obligated and expended for United States fellowship programs, not less than 10 percent shall be available only for participation by individuals who are representative of United States minority populations.

(Pub. L. 101–454, §6, Oct. 24, 1990, 104 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title IV, §407], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–45; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–134 struck out heading and text of subsec. (a). Text read as follows: "For any fiscal year, not less than 50 percent of the amounts made available to Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pursuant to section 5203(a) of this title shall be available only to assist United States fellows in traveling to and studying in emerging European democracies."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–134 struck out heading and text of subsec. (b). Text read as follows: "For any fiscal year, not more than 50 percent of the amounts made available to Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pursuant to section 5203(a) of this title shall be available to assist foreign fellows in traveling to and studying in the United States."
20 U.S.C. § 1234d (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 31: GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION / Subchapter IV: ENFORCEMENT / Section 1234d: Withholding
Withholding
Status: in_force

(a) Discretionary authority over further payments under applicable program

In accordance with section 1234c of this title, the Secretary may withhold from a recipient, in whole or in part, further payments (including payments for administrative costs) under an applicable program.

(b) Notice requirements

Before withholding payments, the Secretary shall notify the recipient, in writing, of—

(1) the intent to withhold payments;

(2) the factual and legal basis for the Secretary's belief that the recipient has failed to comply substantially with a requirement of law; and

(3) an opportunity for a hearing to be held on a date at least 30 days after the notification has been sent to the recipient.

(c) Hearing

The hearing shall be held before the Office and shall be conducted in accordance with the rules prescribed pursuant to subsections (f) and (g) of section 1234 of this title.

(d) Suspension of payments, authorities, etc.

Pending the outcome of any hearing under this section, the Secretary may suspend payments to a recipient, suspend the authority of the recipient to obligate Federal funds, or both, after such recipient has been given reasonable notice and an opportunity to show cause why future payments or authority to obligate Federal funds should not be suspended.

(e) Findings of fact

Upon review of a decision of the Office by the Secretary, the findings of fact by the Office, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. However, the Secretary, for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Office to take further evidence, and the Office may thereupon make new or modified findings of fact and may modify its previous action. Such new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.

(f) Final agency action

The decision of the Office in any hearing under this section shall become final agency action 60 days after the recipient receives written notice of the decision unless the Secretary either—

(1) modifies or sets aside the decision, in whole or in part, in which case the decision of the Secretary shall become final agency action when the recipient receives written notice of the Secretary's action; or

(2) remands the decision of the Office.

(Pub. L. 90–247, title IV, §455, as added Pub. L. 95–561, title XII, §1232, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2350; amended Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3501(a), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 354.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1988—Pub. L. 100–297 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to withholding for provisions relating to judicial review. See section 1234g of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective 180 days after Apr. 28, 1988, but not applicable to recipients receiving written notice to return funds prior to that date, see section 3501(b) of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as a note under section 1234 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 7884 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 70: STRENGTHENING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS / Subchapter VIII: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 7884: By-pass determination process
By-pass determination process
Status: in_force

(a) Review

(1) In general

(A) Written objections

The Secretary shall not take any final action under section 7882 of this title until the State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity affected by the action has had an opportunity, for not less than 45 days after receiving written notice thereof, to submit written objections and to appear before the Secretary to show cause why that action should not be taken.

(B) Prior to reduction

Pending final resolution of any investigation or complaint that could result in a determination under this section, the Secretary may withhold from the allocation of the affected State educational agency or local educational agency the amount estimated by the Secretary to be necessary to pay the cost of those services.

(2) Petition for review

(A) Petition

If the affected agency, consortium, or entity is dissatisfied with the Secretary's final action after a proceeding under paragraph (1), the agency, consortium, or entity may, within 60 days after notice of that action, file with the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State is located a petition for review of that action.

(B) Transmission

A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary.

(C) Filing

The Secretary, upon receipt of the copy of the petition, shall file in the court the record of the proceedings on which the Secretary based the action, as provided in section 2112 of title 28.

(3) Findings of fact

(A) In general

The findings of fact by the Secretary, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive, but the court, for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Secretary to take further evidence and the Secretary may then make new or modified findings of fact and may modify the Secretary's previous action, and shall file in the court the record of the further proceedings.

(B) New or modified findings

Any new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.

(4) Jurisdiction

(A) In general

Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the action of the Secretary or to set the action aside, in whole or in part.

(B) Judgment

The judgment of the court shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28.

(b) Determination

Any determination by the Secretary under this section shall continue in effect until the Secretary determines, in consultation with that agency, consortium, or entity and representatives of the affected private school children, teachers, or other educational personnel, that there will no longer be any failure or inability on the part of the agency, consortium, or entity to meet the applicable requirements of section 7881 of this title or any other provision of this chapter.

(c) Payment from State allotment

When the Secretary arranges for services pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall, after consultation with the appropriate public and private school officials, pay the cost of those services, including the administrative costs of arranging for those services, from the appropriate allocation or allocations under this chapter.

(d) Prior determination

Any by-pass determination by the Secretary under this chapter as in effect on the day preceding January 8, 2002, shall remain in effect to the extent the Secretary determines that that determination is consistent with the purpose of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8504, formerly title IX, §9504, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1978; renumbered title VIII, §8504, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(5), (b)(4), 8018, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2112.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §8018, made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7882 of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–95, §8001(b)(4), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7881 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 972 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 26A: INDEMNITY FOR EXHIBITIONS OF ARTS AND ARTIFACTS / Section 972: Items eligible for indemnity agreements
Items eligible for indemnity agreements
Status: in_force

(a) Works of art; printed or published materials; other artifacts or objects; photographs, motion pictures, or tapes

The Council may make an indemnity agreement under this chapter with respect to—

(1) works of art, including tapestries, paintings, sculpture, folk art, graphics, and craft arts;

(2) manuscripts, rare documents, books, and other printed or published materials;

(3) other artifacts or objects; and

(4) photographs, motion pictures, or audio and video tape;

which are (A) of educational, cultural, historical, or scientific value, and (B) in the case of international exhibitions, certified by the Secretary of State or his designee as being in the national interest.

(b) Extension of coverage; "on exhibition" defined

(1) An indemnity agreement made under this chapter shall cover eligible items while on exhibition in the United States or elsewhere preferably when part of an exchange of exhibitions.

(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term "on exhibition" includes that period of time beginning on the date the eligible items leave the premises of the lender or place designated by the lender and ending on the date such items are returned to the premises of the lender or place designated by the lender.

(Pub. L. 94–158, §3, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 844; Pub. L. 99–194, title III, §302(a), Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1345; Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title IV, §426(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2151.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "(B) in the case of international exhibitions," for "(B) the exhibition of which is" in concluding provisions.

1985—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–194, which directed the substitution of "or elsewhere preferably when part of an exchange of exhibitions" for ", or elsewhere when part of an exchange of exhibitions, but in no case shall both parts of such an exhibition be so covered" was executed by making the substitution for ", or elsewhere when part of an exchange of exhibitions, but in no case shall both parts of such an exchange be so covered", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1985 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–194, title III, §302(b), Dec. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 1345, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any exhibition which is certified under section 3(a) of the Arts and Artifacts Indemnity Act [subsec. (a) of this section] after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 1985]."
20 U.S.C. § 3505 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION / Subchapter V: TRANSITIONAL, SAVINGS, AND CONFORMING PROVISIONS / Section 3505: Savings provisions
Savings provisions
Status: in_force

(a) Orders, determinations, etc.

All orders, determinations, rules, regulations, permits, grants, contracts, certificates, licenses, and privileges—

(1) which have been issued, made, granted, or allowed to become effective by the President, any Federal department or agency or official thereof, or by a court of competent jurisdiction, in the performance of functions which are transferred under this chapter to the Secretary or the Department, and

(2) which are in effect on May 4, 1980,

shall continue in effect according to their terms until modified, terminated, superseded, set aside, or revoked in accordance with the law by the President, the Secretary, or other authorized official, a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law.

(b) Proceedings and applications; transfer

(1) The provisions of this chapter shall not affect any proceedings, including notices of proposed rulemaking, or any application for any license, permit, certificate, or financial assistance pending on May 4, 1980, before any department, agency, commission, or component thereof, functions of which are transferred by this chapter; but such proceedings and applications, to the extent that they relate to functions so transferred, shall be continued. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings, appeals shall be taken therefrom, and payments shall be made pursuant to such orders, as if this chapter had not been enacted; and orders issued in any such proceedings shall continue in effect until modified, terminated, superseded, or revoked by the Secretary, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law. Nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to prohibit the discontinuance or modification of any such proceeding under the same terms and conditions and to the same extent that such proceeding could have been discontinued or modified if this chapter had not been enacted.

(2) The Secretary is authorized to promulgate regulations providing for the orderly transfer of proceedings continued under paragraph (1) to the Department.

(c) Actions

Except as provided in subsection (e)—

(1) the provisions of this chapter shall not affect suits commenced prior to May 4, 1980, and

(2) in all such suits, proceedings shall be had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered in the same manner and effect as if this chapter had not been enacted.

(d) Liabilities incurred

No suit, action, or other proceeding commenced by or against any officer in the official capacity of such individual as an officer of any department or agency, functions of which are transferred by this chapter, shall abate by reason of the enactment of this chapter. No cause of action by or against any department or agency, functions of which are transferred by this chapter, or by or against any officer thereof in the official capacity of such officer shall abate by reason of the enactment of this chapter.

(e) Parties

If, before May 4, 1980, any department or agency, or officer thereof in the official capacity of such officer, is a party to a suit, and under this chapter any function of such department, agency, or officer is transferred to the Secretary or any other official of the Department, then such suit shall be continued with the Secretary or other appropriate official of the Department substituted or added as a party.

(f) Review

Orders and actions of the Secretary in the exercise of functions transferred under this chapter shall be subject to judicial review to the same extent and in the same manner as if such orders and actions had been by the agency or office, or part thereof, exercising such functions immediately preceding their transfer. Any statutory requirements relating to notice, hearings, action upon the record, or administrative review that apply to any function transferred by this chapter shall apply to the exercise of such function by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §505, Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 691.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

In subsecs. (a)(2), (b)(1), (c)(1), and (e), "May 4, 1980" substituted for "the effective date of this chapter" pursuant to section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of this title.
20 U.S.C. § 2398 (2024) — Title 20: EDUCATION / Chapter 44: CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION / Subchapter II: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 2398: Limitation on Federal regulations
Limitation on Federal regulations
Status: in_force

The Secretary may issue regulations under this chapter only to the extent necessary to administer and ensure compliance with the specific requirements of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 88–210, title II, §218, formerly title III, §318, as added Pub. L. 109–270, §1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 744; renumbered title II, §218, Pub. L. 115–224, title II, §201(a)(5), (6), July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1621.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2398, Pub. L. 88–210, title III, §318, as added Pub. L. 105–332, §1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3123, related to participation of private school personnel, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2018 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–224 effective July 1, 2019, see section 4 of Pub. L. 115–224, set out as a note under section 2301 of this title.