50 U.S.C. § 3803 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 49: MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE / Section 3803: Persons liable for training and service
Persons liable for training and service
Status: in_force

(a) Age limits; training in National Security Training Corps; physical and mental fitness; adequate training facilities; assignment to stations and units; training period; medical specialist categories

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, every person required to register pursuant to section 3802 of this chapter who is between the ages of eighteen years and six months and twenty-six years, at the time fixed for his registration, or who attains the age of eighteen years and six months after having been required to register pursuant to section 3802 of this title, or who is otherwise liable as provided in section 3806(h) of this title, shall be liable for training and service in the Armed Forces of the United States: Provided, That each registrant shall be immediately liable for classification and examination, and shall, as soon as practicable following his registration, be so classified and examined, both physically and mentally, in order to determine his availability for induction for training and service in the Armed Forces: Provided further, That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, any registrant who has failed or refused to report for induction shall continue to remain liable for induction and when available shall be immediately inducted. The President is authorized, from time to time, whether or not a state of war exists, to select and induct into the Armed Forces of the United States for training and service in the manner provided in this chapter (including but not limited to selection and induction by age group or age groups) such number of persons as may be required to provide and maintain the strength of the Armed Forces.

At such time as the period of active service in the Armed Forces required under this chapter of persons who have not attained the nineteenth anniversary of the day of their birth has been reduced or eliminated pursuant to the provisions of subsection (k), and except as otherwise provided in this chapter, every person who is required to register under this chapter and who has not attained the nineteenth anniversary of the day of his birth on the date such period of active service is reduced or eliminated or who is otherwise liable as provided in section 3806(h) of this title, shall be liable for training in the National Security Training Corps: Provided, That persons deferred under the provisions of section 3806 of this title shall not be relieved from liability for induction into the National Security Training Corps solely by reason of having exceeded the age of nineteen years during the period of such deferment. The President is authorized, from time to time, whether or not a state of war exists, to select and induct for training in the National Security Training Corps as hereinafter provided such number of persons as may be required to further the purposes of this chapter.

No person shall be inducted into the Armed Forces for training and service or shall be inducted for training in the National Security Training Corps under this chapter until his acceptability in all respects, including his physical and mental fitness, has been satisfactorily determined under standards prescribed by the Secretary of Defense: Provided, That the minimum standards for physical acceptability established pursuant to this subsection shall not be higher than those applied to persons inducted between the ages of 18 and 26 in January 1945: Provided further, That the passing requirement for the Armed Forces Qualification Test shall be fixed at a percentile score of 10 points: And provided further, That except in time of war or national emergency declared by the Congress the standards and requirements fixed by the preceding two provisos may be modified by the President under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe.

No persons shall be inducted for such training and service until adequate provision shall have been made for such shelter, sanitary facilities, water supplies, heating and lighting arrangements, medical care, and hospital accommodations for such persons as may be determined by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Homeland Security to be essential to the public and personal health.

The persons inducted into the Armed Forces for training and service under this chapter shall be assigned to stations or units of such forces. Persons inducted into the land forces of the United States pursuant to this chapter shall be deemed to be members of the Army of the United States; persons inducted into the naval forces of the United States pursuant to this chapter shall be deemed to be members of the United States Navy or the United States Marine Corps or the United States Coast Guard, as appropriate; and persons inducted into the air forces of the United States pursuant to this chapter shall be deemed to be members of the Air Force of the United States.

Every person inducted into the Armed Forces pursuant to the authority of this subsection after June 19, 1951, shall, following his induction, be given full and adequate military training for service in the armed force into which he is inducted for a period of not less than twelve weeks, and no such person shall, during this twelve weeks period, be assigned for duty at any installation located on land outside the United States, its Territories and possessions (including the Canal Zone): Provided, That no funds appropriated by the Congress shall be used for the purpose of transporting or maintaining in violation of the provisions of this paragraph any person inducted into, or enlisted, appointed, or ordered to active duty in, the Armed Forces under the provisions of this chapter.

No person, without his consent, shall be inducted for training and service in the Armed Forces or for training in the National Security Training Corps under this chapter, except as otherwise provided herein, after he has attained the twenty-sixth anniversary of the day of his birth.

(b) Length of service; release of individuals accepted into Army National Guard, Air National Guard, and other Reserve components

Each person inducted into the Armed Forces under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall serve on active training and service for a period of twenty-four consecutive months, unless sooner released, transferred, or discharged in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Secretary of Defense (or the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the United States Coast Guard) or as otherwise prescribed by subsection (d). The Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense (and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the United States Coast Guard), may provide, by regulations which shall be as nearly uniform as practicable, for the release from training and service in the armed forces prior to serving the periods required by this subsection of individuals who volunteered for and are accepted into organized units of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard and other reserve components.

(c) Opportunity to enlist in Regular Army; voluntary induction; volunteers under 18 years old

(1) Under the provisions of applicable laws and regulations any person between the ages of eighteen years and six months and twenty-six years shall be offered an opportunity to enlist in the regular army for a period of service equal to that prescribed in subsection (b) of this section: Provided, That, notwithstanding the provisions of this or any other Act, any person so enlisting shall not have his enlistment extended without his consent until after a declaration of war or national emergency by the Congress after June 19, 1951.

(2) Any enlisted member of any reserve component of the Armed Forces may, during the effective period of this Act, apply for a period of service equal to that prescribed in subsection (b) of this section and his application shall be accepted: Provided, That his services can be effectively utilized and that his physical and mental fitness for such service meet the standards prescribed by the head of the department concerned: Provided further, That active service performed pursuant to this section shall not prejudice his status as such member of such reserve component: And provided further, That any person who was a member of a reserve component on June 25, 1950, and who thereafter continued to serve satisfactorily in such reserve component, shall, if his application for active duty made pursuant to this paragraph is denied, be deferred from induction under this chapter until such time as he is ordered to active duty or ceases to serve satisfactorily in such reserve component.

(3) Within the limits of the quota determined under section 3805(b) of this title for the subdivision in which he resides, any person, between the ages of eighteen and twenty-six, shall be afforded an opportunity to volunteer for induction into the Armed Forces of the United States for the training and service prescribed in subsection (b), but no person who so volunteers shall be inducted for such training and service so long as he is deferred after classification.

(4) Within the limits of the quota determined under section 3805(b) of this title for the subdivision in which he resides, any person after attaining the age of seventeen shall with the written consent of his parents or guardian be afforded an opportunity to volunteer for induction into the Armed Forces of the United States for the training and service prescribed in subsection (b).

(5) Within the limits of the quota determined under section 3805(b) of this title for the subdivision in which he resides, at such time as induction into the National Security Training Corps is authorized pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, any person after attaining the age of seventeen shall with the written consent of his parents or guardian be afforded an opportunity to volunteer for induction into the National Security Training Corps for the training prescribed in subsection (k).

(d) Transfer to Reserve component; period of service

(1) Each person who hereafter and prior to June 19, 1951, is inducted, enlisted, or appointed and serves for a period of less than three years in one of the armed forces and meets the qualifications for enlistment or appointment in a reserve component of the armed force in which he serves, shall be transferred to a reserve component of such armed force, and until the expiration of a period of five years after such transfer, or until he is discharged from such reserve component, whichever occurs first, shall be deemed to be a member of such reserve component and shall be subject to such additional training and service as may now or hereafter be prescribed by law for such reserve component: Provided, That any such person who completes at least twenty-one months of service in the armed forces and who thereafter serves satisfactorily (1) on active duty in the armed forces under a voluntary extension for a period of at least one year, which extension is authorized, or (2) in an organized unit of any reserve component of any of the armed forces for a period of at least thirty-six consecutive months, shall, except in time of war or national emergency declared by the Congress, be relieved from any further liability under this subsection to serve in any reserve component of the armed forces of the United States, but nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent any such person, while in a reserve component of such forces, from being ordered or called to active duty in such forces.

(2) Each person who hereafter and prior to June 19, 1951, is enlisted under the provisions of subsection (g) 1 of this section and who meets the qualifications for enlistment or appointment in a reserve component of the armed forces shall, upon discharge from such enlistment under honorable conditions, be transferred to a reserve component of the armed forces of the United States and shall serve therein for a period of six years or until sooner discharged. Each such person shall, so long as he is a member of such reserve component, be liable to be ordered to active duty, but except in time of war or national emergency declared by the Congress no such person shall be ordered to active duty, without his consent and except as hereinafter provided, for more than one month in any year. In case the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Air Force determines that enlistment, enrollment, or appointment in, or assignment to, an organized unit of a reserve component or an officers' training program of the armed force in which he served is available to, and can without undue hardship be filled by, any such person, it shall be the duty of such person to enlist, enroll, or accept appointment in, or accept assignment to, such organized unit or officers' training program and to serve satisfactorily therein for a period of four years. Any such person who fails or refuses to perform such duty may be ordered to active duty, without his consent, for an additional period of not more than twelve consecutive months. Any such person who enlists or accepts appointment in any such organized unit and serves satisfactorily therein for a period of four years shall, except in time of war or national emergency declared by the Congress, be relieved from any further liability under this subsection to serve in any reserve component of the armed forces of the United States, but nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent any such person, while in a reserve component of such forces, from being ordered or called to active duty in such forces. The Secretary of Defense is authorized to prescribe regulations governing the transfer of such persons within and between reserve components of the armed forces and determining, for the purpose of the requirements of the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, the credit to be allowed any person so transferring for his previous service in one or more reserve components.

(3) Each person who, subsequent to June 19, 1951, and on or before August 9, 1955, is inducted, enlisted, or appointed, under any provision of law, in the Armed Forces, including the reserve components thereof, or in the National Security Training Corps prior to attaining the twenty-sixth anniversary of his birth, shall be required to serve on active training and service in the Armed Forces or in training in the National Security Training Corps, and in a reserve component, for a total period of eight years, unless sooner discharged on grounds of personal hardship, in accordance with regulations and standards prescribed by the Secretary of Defense (or the Secretary of Transportation with respect to the United States Coast Guard). Each such person, on release from active training and service in the Armed Forces or from training in the National Security Training Corps, shall, if physically and mentally qualified, be transferred to a reserve component of the Armed Forces, and shall serve therein for the remainder of the period which he is required to serve under this paragraph and shall be deemed to be a member of the reserve component during that period. If the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Air Force, or the Secretary of Transportation with respect to the United States Coast Guard, determines that enlistment, enrollment, or appointment in, or assignment to, an organized unit of a reserve component or an officers' training program of the armed force in which he served is available to, and can, without undue personal hardship, be filled by such a person, that person shall enlist, enroll, or accept appointment in, or accept assignment to, the organized unit or officers' training program, and serve satisfactorily therein.

(e) Pay and allowances

With respect to the persons inducted for training and service under this chapter there shall be paid, allowed, and extended the same pay, allowances, pensions, disability and death compensation, and other benefits as are provided by law in the case of other enlisted men of like grades and length of service of that component of the armed forces to which they are assigned. Section 3 of the Act of July 25, 1947 (Public Law 239, Eightieth Congress), is amended by deleting therefrom the following: "Act of March 7, 1942 (56 Stat. 143 to 148, ch. 166), as amended". The Act of March 7, 1942 (56 Stat. 143 to 148), as amended, is made applicable to persons inducted into the armed forces pursuant to this chapter.

(f) Additional compensation from civilian sources

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who is inducted into the armed forces under this Act and who, before being inducted, was receiving compensation from any person may, while serving under that induction, receive compensation from that person.

(g) Occupational deferment recommendations by National Security Council

The National Security Council shall periodically advise the Director of the Selective Service System and coordinate with him the work of such State and local volunteer advisory committees which the Director of Selective Service may establish, with respect to the identification, selection, and deferment of needed professional and scientific personnel and those engaged in, and preparing for, critical skills and other essential occupations. In the performance of its duties under this subsection the National Security Council shall consider the needs of both the Armed Forces and the civilian segment of the population.

(h) Repealed. June 19, 1951, ch. 144, title I, §1(h), 65 Stat. 80

(i), (j) Omitted

(k) Reduction of periods of service; establishment of National Security Training Corps; composition; service; pay

(1) Upon a finding by him that such action is justified by the strength of the Armed Forces in the light of international conditions, the President, upon recommendation of the Secretary of Defense, is authorized, by Executive order, which shall be uniform in its application to all persons inducted under this chapter but which may vary as to age groups, to provide for (A) decreasing periods of service under this chapter but in no case to a lesser period of time than can be economically utilized, or (B) eliminating periods of service required under this chapter.

(2) Whenever the Congress shall by concurrent resolution declare—

(A) that the period of active service required of any age group or groups of persons inducted under this chapter should be decreased to any period less than twenty-four months which may be designated in such resolution; or

(B) that the period of active service required of any age group or groups of persons inducted under this chapter should be eliminated,

the period of active service in the Armed Forces of the age group or groups designated in any such resolution shall be so decreased or eliminated, as the case may be. Whenever the period of active service required under this chapter of persons who have not attained the nineteenth anniversary of the day of their birth has been reduced or eliminated by the President or as a result of the adoption of a concurrent resolution of the Congress in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section, all individuals then or thereafter liable for registration under this chapter who on that date have not attained the nineteenth anniversary of the day of their birth and have not been inducted into the Armed Forces shall be liable, effective on such date, for induction into the National Security Training Corps as hereinafter established for initial military training for a period of six months.

(3), (4) Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 656.

(5) The Commission shall, subject to the direction of the President, exercise general supervision over the training of the National Security Training Corps, which training shall be basic military training. The Commission shall establish such policies and standards with respect to the conduct of the training of members of the National Security Training Corps as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act. The Commission shall make adequate provisions for the moral and spiritual welfare of members of the National Security Training Corps. The Secretary of Defense shall designate the military departments to carry out such training. Each military department so designated shall carry out such military training in accordance with the policies and standards of the Commission. The military department or departments so designated to carry out such military training shall, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense, and subject to the policies and standards established by the Commission, determine the type or types of basic military training to be given to members of the National Security Training Corps.

(6) Repealed. Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 656.

(7) Not later than four months following confirmation of the members of the Commission, the Commission shall submit to the Congress legislative recommendations which shall include, but not be limited to—

(A) a broad outline for a program deemed by the Commission and approved by the Secretary of Defense to be appropriate to assure that the training carried out under the provisions of this Act shall be of a military nature, but nothing contained in this paragraph shall be construed to grant to the Commission the authority to prescribe the basic type or types of military training to be given members of the National Security Training Corps;

(B) measures for the personal safety, health, welfare and morals of members of the National Security Training Corps;

(C) a code of conduct, together with penalties for violation thereof;

(D) measures deemed necessary to implement the policies and standards established under the provisions of paragraph (5) of this subsection; and

(E) disability and death benefits and other benefits, and the obligations, duties, liabilities and responsibilities, to be granted to or imposed upon members of the National Security Training Corps.

All legislative recommendations submitted under this paragraph shall be referred to the Committees on Armed Services of the two Houses, and each of such committees shall, not later than the expiration of the first period of 45 calendar days of continuous sessions of the Congress, following the date on which the recommendations provided for in this paragraph are transmitted to the Congress, report thereon to its House: Provided, That any bill or resolution reported with respect to such recommendations shall be privileged and may be called up by any member of either House but shall be subject to amendment as if it were not so privileged.

(8) No person shall be inducted into the National Security Training Corps until after—

(A) a code of conduct, together with penalties for violation thereof, and measures providing for disability and death benefits have been enacted into law; and

(B) such other legislative recommendations as are provided for in paragraph (7) shall have been considered and such recommendations or any portion thereof shall have been enacted with or without amendments into law; and

(C) the period of service required under this chapter of persons who have not attained the nineteenth anniversary of the day of their birth has been reduced or eliminated by the President or as a result of the adoption of a concurrent resolution of the Congress in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(9) Six months following the commencement of induction of persons into the National Security Training Corps, and semiannually thereafter, the Commission shall submit to the Congress a comprehensive report describing in detail the operation of the National Security Training Corps, including the number of persons inducted therein, a list of camps and stations at which training is being conducted, a report on the number of deaths and injuries occurring during such training and the causes thereof, an estimate of the performance of the persons inducted therein, including an analysis of the disciplinary problems encountered during the preceding six months, the number of civilian employees of the Commission and the administrative costs of the Commission. Simultaneously, there shall be submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of Defense a report setting forth an estimate of the value of the training conducted during the preceding six months, the cost of the training program chargeable to the appropriations made to the Department of Defense, and the number of personnel of the Armed Forces directly engaged in the conduct of such training.

(10) Each person inducted into the National Security Training Corps shall be compensated at the monthly rate of $30: Provided, however, That each such person, having a dependent or dependents shall be entitled to receive a dependency allowance equal to the basic allowance for housing provided for persons in pay grade E–1 under section 403 of title 37 plus $40 so long as such person has in effect an allotment equal to the amount of such dependency allowance for the support of the dependent or dependents on whose account the allowance is claimed.

(11) No person inducted into the National Security Training Corps shall be assigned for training at an installation located on land outside the continental United States, except that residents of Territories and possessions of the United States may be trained in the Territory or possession from which they were inducted.

(l) Terminated

(June 24, 1948, ch. 625, title I, §4, 62 Stat. 605; Sept. 9, 1950, ch. 939, §1, 64 Stat. 826; Sept. 27, 1950, ch. 1059, §§1(1)–(5), 3(a), 64 Stat. 1073; June 19, 1951, ch. 144, title I, §1(d)–(j), 65 Stat. 76; July 9, 1952, ch. 608, pt. VIII, §813, 66 Stat. 509; June 29, 1953, ch. 158, §§1, 2, 6, 67 Stat. 86, 89; June 30, 1955, ch. 250, title II, §202, 69 Stat. 224; Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 665, §3(a), 69 Stat. 602; Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §§22(a)–(c), 53, 70A Stat. 630, 641; Pub. L. 85–62, §§1–3, June 27, 1957, 71 Stat. 206, 207; Pub. L. 85–564, July 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 85–861, §§9, 36A, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1556, 1569; Pub. L. 87–651, title III, §301, Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 656; Pub. L. 90–40, §1(2), June 30, 1967, 81 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 92–129, title I, §101(a)(3)–(7), Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 348, 349; Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, §802(c), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 537; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, §603(d)(5), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1783; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1704(e)(11)(A), (B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2315.)

Termination of Induction for Training and Service

For provisions relating to termination of induction for training and service in the Armed Forces after July 1, 1973, see section 3815(c) of this title.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of act June 24, 1948, ch. 625, 62 Stat. 604, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1), (2), (f), and (k)(5), (7)(A), is act June 24, 1948, ch. 625, 62 Stat. 604, known as the Military Selective Service Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 3801 of this title and Tables.

The effective period of this Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is set out in section 3815 of this title.

Subsection (g) of this section, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), means subsection (g) prior to repeal by act June 19, 1951, §1(h). See 1951 Amendment note below.

Section 3 of the Act of July 25, 1947 (Public Law 239, Eightieth Congress), referred to in subsec. (e), is section 3 of act July 25, 1947, ch. 327, 61 Stat. 451, which is not classified to the Code.

Act of March 7, 1942 (56 Stat. 143 to 148), referred to in subsec. (e), popularly known as the Missing Persons Act, was classified to sections 1001 to 1018 of the former Appendix to this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, §8(a), 80 Stat. 632, and reenactment as subchapter VII (§5561 et seq.) of chapter 55 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and chapter 10 (§551 et seq.) of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services.

The Commission, referred to in subsec. (k)(5), means the National Security Training Commission, which expired June 30, 1957, pursuant to letter of the President on Mar. 25, 1957, following the Commission's own recommendation for its termination.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 454 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

2002—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted "of Homeland Security" for "of Transportation" wherever appearing.

1997—Subsec. (k)(10). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "shall be entitled to receive a dependency allowance equal to the basic allowance for housing provided for persons in pay grade E–1 under section 403 of title 37" for "as such terms are defined in the Career Compensation Act of 1949, shall be entitled to receive a dependency allowance equal to the sum of the basic allowance for quarters provided for persons in pay grade E–1 by section 302(f) of the Career Compensation Act of 1949 as amended by section 3 of the Dependents' Assistance Act of 1950 as may be extended or amended".

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–106 in paragraph relating to military training for persons inducted after June 19, 1951, for service in the armed force into which they were inducted, substituted twelve weeks for four months in two places.

1971—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–129, §101(a)(3), (4), struck out provisions which had given special coverage for male aliens and substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of the Treasury".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–129, §101(a)(5), substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of the Treasury".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 92–129, §101(a)(6), struck out "(except a person enlisted under subsection (g) of this section)" after "inducted, enlisted, or appointed".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 92–129, §101(a)(7), substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of the Treasury".

1967—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–40, §1(2)(a), inserted proviso that registrants failing or refusing to report for induction continue to remain liable for induction and to be immediately inducted when available.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90–40, §1(2)(b), added subsec. (g).

1966—Subsec. (k)(3), (4), (6). Pub. L. 89–554 repealed pars. (3), (4) and (6) which established the National Security Training Commission, provided for its composition, tenure, pay and duties, and authorized appointment and pay of employees.

1962—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 87–651 amended par. (3) generally, striking out provisions which required each person inducted into the National Security Training Corps to serve in the Armed Forces or the National Security Training Corps for a total of eight years, unless sooner discharged because of personal hardship, and requiring each person covered by this subsection who is not a reserve, and who is qualified, upon his release from training, to be transferred to a reserve component to complete the service required by this subsection.

1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–564 inserted, at end of third par., proviso authorizing President to modify standards fixed by preceding two provisos, except in war or national emergency.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 85–861 repealed provisions that required persons inducted, enlisted, or appointed, in the Armed Forces to serve on active training and service in the Armed Forces and in a reserve component for a total of six years, and inserted provisions requiring transfer to reserve components of persons released from active training and service in the Armed Forces or from training in the National Security Training Corps and authorizing enlistment, enrollment, or appointment in, or assignment to, an organized unit of a reserve component or an officers' training program of the armed force in which a person served. See section 651 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

1957—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–62, §§1, 9, temporarily inserted next to last paragraph providing that no medical, dental, or allied specialist shall be inducted if he applies or applied for appointment as a Reserve officer in one of such categories and is rejected on the sole ground of physical disqualification. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1957 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 85–62, §§3, 9, temporarily struck out "as referred to in subsection (i)" after "categories of persons" at end of first sentence, and substituted "thirty-fifth" for "fifty-first" in last sentence of second par. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1957 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 85–62, §§2, 9, temporarily added subsec. (l). See Effective and Termination Dates of 1957 Amendment note below.

1956—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 10, 1956, §53, repealed provisions prohibiting assignment to duty outside the United States until the member of the Armed Forces has had the equivalent of four months of basic training, and relating to communications with Members of Congress. See sections 671 and 1034 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Subsec. (b). Act Aug. 10, 1956, §22(a), authorized Secretaries of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Treasury, to provide by regulations for release from training and service in the Armed Forces of those individuals who are accepted into organized units of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard and other reserve components.

Subsec. (d)(3). Act Aug. 10, 1956, §22(b), purportedly repealed par. (3) and amended it to provide that "Each person who is inducted into the National Security Training Corps shall serve in the armed forces or the National Security Training Corps for a total of eight years, unless he is sooner discharged because of personal hardship under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense. Each person covered by this subsection who is not a Reserve, and who is qualified, shall, upon his release from training, be transferred to a reserve component of an armed force to complete the service required by this subsection." See 1958 and 1962 Amendment notes above.

Subsec. (f). Act Aug. 10, 1956, §53, purportedly repealed subsec. (f). However, section 22(c) of the act amended subsection to clarify authority to receive compensation.

1955—Subsec. (d)(3). Act Aug. 9, 1955, provided for a six-year term of duty for persons who are inducted, enlisted, or appointed after Aug. 9, 1955.

Subsec. (i)(1). Act June 30, 1955, exempted from service persons who attained their thirty-fifth anniversary of their date of birth and who were rejected for service on the ground of physical disqualification, and to reduce maximum age of liability of induction from 51 to 46 years of age.

1953—Subsec. (i)(2). Act June 29, 1953, §6, in cl. "First" struck out "subsequent to the completion of or release from the program or course of instruction" after "Public Health Service"; and, in cl. "Second", substituted "seventeen months" for "twenty-one months", and struck out "subsequent to the completion of or release from the program or course of instruction" after "Public Health Service".

Subsec. (i)(4) to (7). Act June 29, 1953, §1, added pars. (4) to (7).

Subsec. (j). Act June 29, 1953, §2, added third par.

1952—Subsec. (d)(3). Act July 9, 1952, substituted "appointed under any provision of law, in the Armed Forces, including the reserve components thereof," for "appointed in the Armed Forces".

1951—Subsec. (a). Act June 19, 1951, §1(d), lowered age limit from 19 years to 18½, provided for training in National Security Training Corps, lowered physical and mental standards, provided for a basic training period, and allowed communication with Members of Congress.

Subsec. (b). Act June 19, 1951, §1(e), increased length of service from 21 to 24 months.

Subsec. (c). Act June 19, 1951, §1(f), struck out short-term Army enlistment period and the General Classification Test, and established age for voluntary induction.

Subsec. (d). Act June 19, 1951, §1(g), inserted "and prior to June 19, 1951," after "hereafter" in pars. (1) and (2), and added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Act June 19, 1951, §1(i), inserted "6g" after "sections" in par. (1), and extended period of service from 21 to 24 months.

Subsec. (g). Act June 19, 1951, §1(h), repealed subsec. (g), which authorized and directed the Secretaries of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force to accept enlistments for periods of one year in the respective forces from among qualified male persons between the ages of eighteen and nineteen, subject to the authorized one-year enlistee active duty personnel strengths established by section 452 of the former Appendix to this title.

Subsec. (h). Act June 19, 1951, §1(h), repealed subsec. (h) which related to permanent assignment outside continental United States.

Subsec. (k). Act June 19, 1951, §1(j), added subsec. (k).

1950—Subsec. (a). Act Sept. 27, 1950, §1(1)–(4), inserted before period in third sentence of first par. "and such number of persons as in his judgment may be required for the United States Coast Guard", inserted before period in second par. "or the Secretary of the Treasury", inserted after "the Secretary of Defense" in third par. "or the Secretary of the Treasury", inserted after "United States Marine Corps" in fourth par. "or the United States Coast Guard".

Subsec. (b). Act Sept. 27, 1950, §1(5), inserted before period "or the Secretary of the Treasury".

Subsec. (c). Act Sept. 27, 1950, §3(a), added par. (4).

Subsecs. (i), (j). Act Sept. 9, 1950, §§1, 9, temporarily added subsecs. (i) and (j). See Termination Date of Subsection (i) and Former Subsection (j) note below.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Effective Date of 1997 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–85 effective Jan. 1, 1998, see section 603(e) of Pub. L. 105–85, set out as a note under section 5561 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Effective and Termination Dates of 1957 Amendment

Pub. L. 85–62, §9, June 27, 1957, 71 Stat. 208, as amended by Pub. L. 86–4, §4, Mar. 23, 1959, 73 Stat. 13; Pub. L. 88–2, §4, Mar. 28, 1963, 77 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 90–40, §4, June 30, 1967, 81 Stat. 105; Pub. L. 92–129, title I, §103, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 355, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] takes effect July 1, 1957, and shall terminate July 1, 1973."

Effective Date of 1952 Amendment

Act July 9, 1952, ch. 608, pt. VIII, §813, 66 Stat. 509, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of June 19, 1951.

Termination Date of Subsection (i) and Former Subsection (j)

Act Sept. 9, 1950, ch. 939, §7, 64 Stat. 828, as amended by acts June 19, 1951, §2(b); June 29, 1953, §9; and June 30, 1955, §201, and by Pub. L. 85–62, §8, provided that subsecs. (i) and (j) of this section, which were added by act Sept. 9, 1950, shall terminate as of June 30, 1957. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1957 Amendment note set out above with respect to subsec. (j) as reenacted and amended by Pub. L. 85–62.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Executive Documents

Proc. No. 2906. Registration of Doctors, Dentists and Allied Specialists

Proc. No. 2906, Oct. 6, 1950, 15 F.R. 6845, 64 Stat. Pt. 2, p. A437, as amended Proc. No. 2915, Dec. 28, 1950, 15 F.R. 9419, 64 Stat. Pt. 2, p. A455, provided:

1. Every male person who participated as a student in the Army specialized training program or any similar program administered by the Navy, or was deferred from service during World War II for the purpose of pursuing a course of instruction leading to education in a medical, dental, or allied specialist category, and has had less than twenty-one months of active duty in the Army, the Air Force, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, or the Public Health Service subsequent to the completion of, or release from, such program or course of instruction (exclusive of time spent in post-graduate training), and who, on the day or any of the days hereinafter fixed for his registration (a) shall have received from any school, college, university, or similar institution of learning, one or more of the degrees of bachelor of medicine, doctor of medicine, doctor of dental surgery, doctor of dental medicine, doctor of veterinary surgery, and doctor of veterinary medicine, (b) is within any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Territory of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, (c) is not a member of any reserve component of the armed forces of the United States, and (d) shall not have attained the fiftieth anniversary of the day of his birth is required to and shall on that day or any of those days present himself for and submit to registration before a duly designated registration official or selective service local board having jurisdiction in the area in which he has his permanent home or in which he may happen to be on that day or any of those days.

2. The special registration of the male persons required to submit to registration by paragraph numbered 1 hereof shall take place in the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on the day or days hereinafter designated for their registration, as follows:

(a) Persons who shall have received any of the degrees above referred to on or before October 16, 1950, shall be registered on Monday, the 16th day of October, 1950.

(b) Persons who receive any of the degrees above referred to after October 16, 1950, shall be registered on the day they receive any such degree, or within five days thereafter.

(c) Persons who shall have received any of the degrees above referred to and who enter any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Territory of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands after October 16, 1950, shall be registered on the day of such entrance, or within five days thereafter.

3. Every male person who has not had active service in the Army, the Air Force, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, or the Public Health Service subsequent to September 16, 1940, and every male person not included in the first or the second of the priorities defined in section 4(i)(2) of the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended [now the Military Selective Service Act, former 50 U.S.C. 3803(i)(2)], who has had active service in the Army, the Air Force, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, or the Public Health Service subsequent to September 16, 1940, who on the day or any of the days hereafter fixed by the Director of Selective Service for his registration (a) shall have received from a school, college, university, or similar institution of learning one or more of the degrees of bachelor of medicine, doctor of medicine, doctor of dental surgery, doctor of dental medicine, doctor of veterinary surgery, and doctor of veterinary medicine, (b) is within any of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Territory of Alaska, the Territory of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, (c) is not a member of any reserve component of the armed forces of the United States, and (d) shall not have attained the fiftieth anniversary of the day of his birth is required to and shall on that day or any of those days present himself for and submit to registration before a duly designated registration official or selective service local board having jurisdiction in the area in which he has his permanent home or in which he may happen to be on that day or any of those days.

4. The Director of Selective Service is hereby authorized and directed to fix the date or dates for the special registration required under paragraph numbered 3 hereof: Provided, that the date or dates so fixed shall be not later than January 16, 1951.

5. The Director of Selective Service is hereby authorized to require special registration of, and fix the date or dates of registration for, all other persons who are subject to registration under section 4(i) of the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended, and who are not required to register under or pursuant to this proclamation.

6. All orders and directives of the Director of Selective Service issued pursuant to paragraph numbered 4 or paragraph numbered 5 hereof shall be published in the Federal Register.

7. (a) A person subject to registration under or pursuant to this proclamation who, because of circumstances beyond his control, is unable to present himself for and submit to registration during the hours of the day or any of the days fixed for registration shall do so as soon as possible after the cause for such inability ceases to exist.

(b) Every person subject to registration under or pursuant to this proclamation who has registered in accordance with Proclamation No. 2799 of July 20, 1948, issued under the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended, [now the Military Selective Service Act] and the regulations prescribed thereunder, shall, notwithstanding such registration, present himself for and submit to registration as required by or pursuant to this proclamation.

(c) The duty of any person to present himself for and submit to registration in accordance with Proclamation No. 2799 of July 20, 1948, issued under the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended [now the Military Selective Service Act] and the regulations prescribed thereunder, shall not be affected by this proclamation.

8. Every person subject to registration under or pursuant to this proclamation is required to familiarize himself with the rules and regulations governing such registration and to comply therewith.

9. I call upon the Governors of each of the several States, the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands and the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia, and all officers and agents of the United States and all officers and agents of the several States, the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the District of Columbia, and political subdivisions thereof, and all local boards and agents thereof appointed under the provisions of title I of the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended [now the Military Selective Service Act, 50 U.S.C. 3801 et seq.], or the regulations prescribed thereunder, to do and perform all acts and services necessary to accomplish effective and complete registration.

10. In order that there may be full cooperation in carrying into effect the purposes of section 4(i) of title I of the Selective Service Act of 1948, as amended, I urge all employers and Government agencies of all kinds—Federal, State, territorial, and local—to give those under their charge sufficient time in which to fulfill the obligations of registration incumbent upon them under the said Act and under or pursuant to this proclamation.

Proc. No. 2915. Exemptions From Registration

Proc. No. 2915, Dec. 28, 1950, 15 F.R. 9419, 64 Stat. 494, provided:

Proclamation No. 2906 of October 6, 1950 [set out above], be, and it is hereby, amended, effective as of October 6, 1950, so as to exempt from the force and effect thereof, until otherwise directed by the President by proclamation, (1) commissioned officers, warrant officers, pay clerks, enlisted men, and aviation cadets of the Regular Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the Public Health Service, and (2) aliens who are residing in the United States and have not declared their intention of becoming citizens of the United States and who are also in one of the following categories: (a) alien students admitted under subdivision (e) of section 4 of the Immigration Act approved May 26, 1924, as amended [former 8 U.S.C. 204], (b) aliens recognized as diplomatic, consular, military or civilian officials or employees of a foreign government and members of their families, (c) aliens who are officials or employees of a public international organization recognized under the International Organizations Immunities Act, approved December 29, 1945 (59 Stat. 669) [22 U.S.C. 288 et seq.], and members of their families, (d) aliens who have entered the United States and remain therein pursuant to the provisions of section 11 of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, as approved in Public Law 357, 80th Congress (61 Stat. 756) [22 U.S.C. 287 note], (e) aliens who are nationals of a country with which there is in effect a treaty or international agreement exempting its nationals from military service while they are within the United States, or (f) other aliens whose admission to the United States is for a temporary stay only: Provided, That such exemption shall not continue after the cause thereof shall cease to exist.

Ex. Ord. No. 10762. Delegation of Authority to Secretary of Defense

Ex. Ord. No. 10762, Mar. 28, 1958, 23 F.R. 2119, provided:

1. There is hereby delegated to the Secretary of Defense:

(a) The authority vested in the President by section 4(l)(1) of the Universal Military Training and Service Act [50 U.S.C. 3803(l)(1)], as added by section 2 of the Act of June 27, 1957 (P.L. 85–62; 71 Stat. 206), to order to active duty (other than for training) for a period of not more than 24 consecutive months, with or without his consent, any member of a reserve component of the armed forces of the United States who is in a medical, dental, or allied specialist category, who has not attained the thirty-fifth anniversary of the date of his birth, and who has not performed at least one year of active duty (other than for training).

(b) The authority vested in the President by section 5(c) of the Universal Military Training and Service Act [50 U.S.C. 3805(c)], as added by section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1957 (P.L. 85–62; 71 Stat. 207), to prescribe regulations with respect to the appointment, reappointment, or promotion of any qualified person who (1) is liable for induction or (2) as a member of a reserve component is ordered to active duty as a physician or dentist or in an allied specialist category in the armed forces of the United States.

2. Executive Order No. 10478 of August 5, 1953, as amended by Executive Order No. 10658 of February 15, 1956, is hereby revoked.

Dwight D. Eisenhower.      

Ex. Ord. No. 10776. Delegation of President's Authority

Ex. Ord. No. 10776, July 28, 1958, 23 F.R. 5683, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, there is hereby delegated to the Secretary of Defense the authority (relating to the prescribing of rules and regulations modifying the standards and requirements with respect to induction of persons into the armed forces) vested in the President by the last proviso of section 4(a) of the Universal Military Training and Service Act [50 U.S.C. 3803(a)], added by the act of July 28, 1958 [Pub. L. 85–564]. The Secretary of Defense is hereby authorized to re-delegate that authority to any official of the Department of Defense who is required to be appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. No person shall be inducted into the armed forces for training and service who does not meet the standards and requirements specified in the rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary or his designee pursuant to this order.

Dwight D. Eisenhower.      

1 See References in Text note below.
50 U.S.C. § 3309 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 45: MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AUTHORITIES / Subchapter I: BUDGET AND OVERSIGHT / Section 3309: Notification of establishment of advisory committee
Notification of establishment of advisory committee
Status: in_force

The Director of National Intelligence and the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency shall each notify the congressional intelligence committees each time each such Director creates an advisory committee. Each notification shall include—

(1) a description of such advisory committee, including the subject matter of such committee;

(2) a list of members of such advisory committee; and

(3) in the case of an advisory committee created by the Director of National Intelligence, the reasons for a determination by the Director under section 1003(b)(3) of title 5 that an advisory committee cannot comply with the requirements of chapter 10 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §410(b), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2725; Pub. L. 113–126, title III, §329(b)(1), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1406; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(319), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4341.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified as a note under section 405 of this title prior to editorial reclassification as this section.

Amendments

2022—Par. (3). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "section 1003(b)(3) of title 5 that an advisory committee cannot comply with the requirements of chapter 10 of title 5." for "section 4(b)(3) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) that an advisory committee cannot comply with the requirements of such Act."

2014—Pub. L. 113–126 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to annual report on advisory committees created by Director of National Intelligence and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, contents of report, and inclusion of reasons for ODNI exclusion of advisory committee from Federal Advisory Committee Act.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Definition

For definition of "congressional intelligence committees" as used in this section, see section 2 of Pub. L. 111–259, set out as a note under section 3003 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 4318 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 53: TRADING WITH THE ENEMY / Section 4318: Claims of naturalized citizens as affected by expatriation
Claims of naturalized citizens as affected by expatriation
Status: in_force

The claim of any naturalized American citizen under the provisions of this chapter shall not be denied on the ground of any presumption of expatriation which has arisen against him, under the second sentence of section 2 of the Act entitled "An Act in reference to the expatriation of citizens and their protection abroad," approved March 2, 1907, if he shall give satisfactory evidence to the President, or the court, as the case may be, of his uninterrupted loyalty to the United States during his absence, and that he has returned to the United States, or that he, although desiring to return, has been prevented from so returning by circumstances beyond his control.

(Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, §21, as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 285, §2, 42 Stat. 1516.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Oct. 6, 1917, ch. 106, 40 Stat. 411, known as the Trading with the enemy Act, also known as the Trading with the Enemy Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 4301 of this title and Tables.

The second sentence of section 2 of the Act entitled "An Act in reference to the expatriation of citizens and their protection abroad," approved March 2, 1907, referred to in text, is the second sentence of section 2 of act Mar. 2, 1907, ch. 2534, 34 Stat. 1228, which was classified to section 17 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality, prior to repeal by act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subch. V, §504, 54 Stat. 1172. See section 1481(a) of Title 8.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 21 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
50 U.S.C. § 4603 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 56: EXPORT ADMINISTRATION / Section 4603: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-232, div. A, title XVII, §1766(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2232
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 96–72, §4, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 99–64, title I, §104, July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 100–418, title II, §§2411, 2412, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 114–125, title VIII, §802(d)(2), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 210, set forth general provisions relating to export licensing and controls.

Section was formerly classified to section 2403 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

A prior section 2403 of the former Appendix to this title, Pub. L. 91–184, §4, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 842; Pub. L. 92–412, title I, §104(a), (b)(1), Aug. 29, 1972, 86 Stat. 644, 645; Pub. L. 93–500, §§3(a), 5(a), 7, 9, 10, 12, Oct. 29, 1974, 88 Stat. 1552–1557; Pub. L. 95–52, title I, §§103(a), (b)(1)–(3), (c), 104–110, 113(b), title II, §201(b), June 22, 1977, 91 Stat. 235–239, 241, 246; Pub. L. 95–223, title III, §301(a), (b)(1), Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 95–384. §6(d)(2), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 731; Pub. L. 95–435, §5(d), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1052; Pub. L. 96–67, §2, Sept. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 415, set forth provisions relating to authorities to effectuate policies and limitations on exercise of authorities, prior to the expiration of Pub. L. 91–184 on Sept. 30, 1979.

Executive Documents

Ex. Ord. No. 12002. Administration of Export Administration Act

Ex. Ord. No. 12002, July 7, 1977, 42 F.R. 35623, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12755, Mar. 12, 1991, 56 F.R. 11057; Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §54, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10629, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Export Administration Act of 1969, as amended ([former] 50 U.S.C. App. 2401, et seq.), and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Except as provided in Section 2, the power, authority, and discretion conferred upon the President by the provisions of the Export Administration Act of 1969, as amended ([former] 50 U.S.C. App. 2401, et seq.), hereinafter referred to as the Act, are delegated to the Secretary of Commerce, with the power of successive redelegation.

Sec. 2. (a) The power, authority and discretion conferred upon the President in Sections 4(h) and 4(l) of the Act [former 50 U.S.C. App. 2403(h), (l)] are retained by the President.

(b) The power, authority and discretion conferred upon the President in Section 3(8) of the Act [former 50 U.S.C. App. 2402(8)], which directs that every reasonable effort be made to secure the removal or reduction of assistance by foreign countries to international terrorists through cooperation and agreement, are delegated to the Secretary of State, with the power of successive redelegation.

Sec. 3. The Export Administration Review Board, hereinafter referred to as the Board, which was established by Executive Order No. 11533 of June 4, 1970, as amended, is hereby continued. The Board shall continue to have as its members, the Secretary of Commerce, who shall be Chairman of the Board, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency shall be members of the Board, and shall participate in meetings that consider issues involving nonproliferation of armaments and other issues within their respective statutory and policy-making authorities. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of Central Intelligence shall be non-voting members of the Board. No alternate Board members shall be designated, but the acting head or deputy head of any department or agency may serve in lieu of the head of the concerned department or agency. The Board may invite the heads of other United States Government departments or agencies, other than the agencies represented by the Board members, to participate in the activities of the Board when matters of interest to such departments or agencies are under consideration.

Sec. 4. The Secretary of Commerce may from time to time refer to the Board such particular export license matters, involving questions of national security or other major policy issues, as the Secretary shall select. The Secretary of Commerce shall also refer to the Board any other such export license matter, upon the request of any other member of the Board or of the head of any other United States Government department or agency having any interest in such matter. The Board shall consider the matters so referred to it, giving due consideration to the foreign policy of the United States, the national security, concerns about the nonproliferation of armaments, and the domestic economy, and shall make recommendation thereon to the Secretary of Commerce.

Sec. 5. The President may at any time (a) prescribe rules and regulations applicable to the power, authority, and discretion referred to in this Order, and (b) communicate to the Secretary of Commerce such specific directives applicable thereto as the President shall determine. The Secretary of Commerce shall from time to time report to the President upon the administration of the Act and, as the Secretary deems necessary, may refer to the President recommendations made by the Board under Section 4 of this Order. Neither the provisions of this section nor those of Section 4 shall be construed as limiting the provisions of Section 1 of this Order.

Sec. 6. All delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of administrative action made, issued, or otherwise taken under, or continued in existence by, the Executive orders revoked in Section 7 of this Order, and not revoked administratively or legislatively, shall remain in full force and effect under this Order until amended, modified, or terminated by proper authority. The revocations in Section 7 of this Order shall not affect any violation of any rules, regulations, orders, licenses or other forms of administrative action under those Orders during the period those Orders were in effect.

Sec. 7. Executive Order No. 11533 of June 4, 1970, Executive Order No. 11683 of August 29, 1972, Executive Order No. 11798 of August 14, 1974, Executive Order No. 11818 of November 5, 1974, Executive Order No. 11907 of March 1, 1976, and Executive Order No. 11940 of September 30, 1976 are hereby revoked.

[For abolition, transfer of functions, and treatment of references to United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, see section 6511 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]

Ex. Ord. No. 12214. Administration of Export Administration Act

Ex. Ord. No. 12214, May 2, 1980, 45 F.R. 29783, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 4(e) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (Public Law 96–72; 50 U.S.C. App. 2403(e)) [former 50 U.S.C. 4603(e)], it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–101. Except as provided in Section 1–102, the functions conferred upon the President by the provisions of the Export Administration Act of 1979, hereinafter referred to as the Act (Public Law 96–72; 50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) [now 50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.], are delegated to the Secretary of Commerce.

1–102. (a) The functions conferred upon the President by Sections 4(e), 5(c), 5(f)(1), 5(h)(6), 6(k), 7(d)(2), 10(g) and 20 of the Act [former 50 U.S.C. 4603(e), 4604(c), 4604(f)(1), 4604(h)(6), 4605(k), 4606(d)(2), 4609(g) and 4622] are reserved to the President.

(b) The functions conferred upon the President by Sections 5(f)(4), 5(i), and 6(g) of the Act [former 50 U.S.C. 4604(f)(4), 4604(i), and 4605(g)] are delegated to the Secretary of State.

1–103. All delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of administrative action made, issued or otherwise taken under, or continued in existence by, Section 21 of the Act [former 50 U.S.C. 4623] or Executive Order No. 12002 [set out above], and not revoked administratively or legislatively, shall remain in full force and effect until amended, modified, or terminated by proper authority. This Order does not supersede or otherwise affect Executive Order No. 12002.

1–104. Except to the extent inconsistent with this Order, all actions previously taken pursuant to any function delegated or assigned by this Order shall be deemed to have been taken and authorized by this Order.

Jimmy Carter.      

Ex. Ord. No. 12290. Implementation of Export Administration Act With Minimum Regulatory Burden

Ex. Ord. No. 12290, Feb. 17, 1981, 46 F.R. 12943, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United States of America, and in order to ensure that the Export Administration Act of 1979 [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] is implemented with the minimum regulatory burden, Executive Order No. 12264 of January 15, 1981, entitled "On Federal Policy Regarding the Export of Banned or Significantly Restricted Substances," is hereby revoked.

Ronald Reagan.      

Continuation of Export Control Regulations

Provisions relating to continued effectiveness of the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq., and to issuance and continued effectiveness of rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of administrative action and delegations of authority relating to administration of that Act, were contained in the following:

Ex. Ord. No. 13222, Aug. 17, 2001, 66 F.R. 44025, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13206, Apr. 4, 2001, 66 F.R. 18397, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12924, Aug. 19, 1994, 59 F.R. 43437, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13206, §1, Apr. 4, 2001, 66 F.R. 18397, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12923, June 30, 1994, 59 F.R. 34551, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12924, §4, Aug. 19, 1994, 59 F.R. 43438, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12867, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51747, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12730, Sept. 30, 1990, 55 F.R. 40373, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12867, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51747, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12525, July 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 28757, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12470, Mar. 30, 1984, 49 F.R. 13099, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12525, July 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 28757, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12451, Dec. 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 56563, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12444, Oct. 14, 1983, 48 F.R. 48215, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12451, Dec. 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 56563, listed in a table under section 1701 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12981. Administration of Export Controls

Ex. Ord. No. 12981, Dec. 5, 1995, 60 F.R. 62981, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13020, Oct. 12, 1996, 61 F.R. 54079; Ex. Ord. No. 13026, §1(b), Nov. 15, 1996, 61 F.R. 58767; Ex. Ord. No. 13117, Mar. 31, 1999, 64 F.R. 16591, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including but not limited to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et. seq.) ("the Act"), and in order to take additional steps with respect to the national emergency described and declared in Executive Order No. 12924 of August 19, 1994 [listed in a table under section 1701 of this title], and continued on August 15, 1995, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, find that it is necessary for the procedures set forth below to apply to export license applications submitted under the Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the Export Administration Regulations (15 C.F.R. Part 730 et. seq.) ("the Regulations") or under any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et. seq.) [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] ("the Export Administration Act"), and the Regulations. Accordingly, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. License Review. To the extent permitted by law and consistent with Executive Order No. 12924 of August 19, 1994, the power, authority, and discretion conferred upon the Secretary of Commerce ("the Secretary") under the Export Administration Act [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] to require, review, and make final determinations with regard to export licenses, documentation, and other forms of information submitted to the Department of Commerce pursuant to the Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the Regulations or under any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act and the Regulations, with the power of successive redelegation, shall continue. The Departments of State, Defense, and Energy each shall have the authority to review any export license application submitted to the Department of Commerce pursuant to the Act and the Regulations or under any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act and the Regulations. The Secretary may refer license applications to other United States Government departments or agencies for review as appropriate. In the event that a department or agency determines that certain types of applications need not be referred to it, such department or agency shall notify the Department of Commerce as to the specific types of such applications that it does not wish to review. All departments or agencies shall promptly respond, on a case-by-case basis, to requests from other departments or agencies for historical information relating to past license applications.

Sec. 2. Determinations. (a) All license applications submitted under the Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the Regulations or any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] and the Regulations, shall be resolved or referred to the President no later than 90 calendar days after registration of the completed license application.

(b) The following actions related to processing a license application submitted under the Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the Regulations or any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] and the Regulations shall not be counted in calculating the time periods prescribed in this order:

(1) Agreement of the Applicant. Delays upon which the Secretary and the applicant mutually agree.

(2) Prelicense Checks. Prelicense checks through government channels that may be required to establish the identity and reliability of the recipient of items controlled under the Act and the Regulations or any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act and the Regulations, provided that:

(A) the need for such prelicense check is established by the Secretary, or by another department or agency if the request for prelicense check is made by such department or agency;

(B) the Secretary requests the prelicense check within 5 days of the determination that it is necessary; and

(C) the Secretary completes the analysis of the result of the prelicense check within 5 days.

(3) Requests for Government-To-Government Assurances. Requests for government-to-government assurances of suitable end-use of items approved for export under the Act and the Regulations or any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act and the Regulations, when failure to obtain such assurances would result in rejection of the application, provided that:

(A) the request for such assurances is sent to the Secretary of State within 5 days of the determination that the assurances are required;

(B) the Secretary of State initiates the request of the relevant government within 10 days thereafter; and

(C) the license is issued within 5 days of the Secretary's receipt of the requested assurances. Whenever such prelicense checks and assurances are not requested within the time periods set forth above, they must be accomplished within the time periods established by this section.

(4) Multilateral Reviews. Multilateral review of a license application as provided for under the Act and the Regulations or any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act and the Regulations, as long as multilateral review is required by the relevant multilateral regime.

(5) Consultations. Consultation with other governments, if such consultation is provided for by a relevant multilateral regime or bilateral arrangement as a precondition for approving a license.

Sec. 3. Initial Processing. Within 9 days of registration of any license application, the Secretary shall, as appropriate:

(a) request additional information from the applicant. The time required for the applicant to supply the additional information shall not be counted in calculating the time periods prescribed in this section.

(b) refer the application and pertinent information to agencies or departments as stipulated in section 1 of this order, and forward to the agencies any relevant information submitted by the applicant that could not be reduced to electronic form.

(c) assure that the stated classification on the application is correct; return the application if a license is not required; and, if referral to other departments or agencies is not required, grant the application or notify the applicant of the Secretary's intention to deny the application.

Sec. 4. Department or Agency Review. (a) Each reviewing department or agency shall specify to the Secretary, within 10 days of receipt of a referral as specified in subsection 3(b), any information not in the application that would be required to make a determination, and the Secretary shall promptly request such information from the applicant. If, after receipt of the information so specified or other new information, a reviewing department or agency concludes that additional information would be required to make a determination, it shall promptly specify that additional information to the Secretary, and the Secretary shall promptly request such information from the applicant. The time that may elapse between the date the information is requested by the reviewing department or agency and the date the information is received by the reviewing department or agency shall not be counted in calculating the time periods prescribed in this order. Such information specified by reviewing departments or agencies is in addition to any information that may be requested by the Department of Commerce on its own initiative during the first 9 days after registration of an application.

(b) Within 30 days of receipt of a referral and all required information, a department or agency shall provide the Secretary with a recommendation either to approve or deny the license application. As appropriate, such recommendation may be with the benefit of consultation and discussions in interagency groups established to provide expertise and coordinate interagency consultation. A recommendation that the Secretary deny a license shall include a statement of the reasons for such recommendation that are consistent with the provisions of the Act [50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.] and the Regulations or any renewal of, or successor to, the Export Administration Act [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.] and the Regulations and shall cite both the statutory and the regulatory bases for the recommendation to deny. A department or agency that fails to provide a recommendation within 30 days with a statement of reasons and the statutory and regulatory bases shall be deemed to have no objection to the decision of the Secretary.

Sec. 5. Interagency Dispute Resolution. (a) Committees. (1)(A) Export Administration Review Board. The Export Administration Review Board ("the Board"), which was established by Executive Order No. 11533 of June 4, 1970, and continued in Executive Order No. 12002 of July 7, 1977 [set out above], is hereby continued. The Board shall have as its members, the Secretary, who shall be Chair of the Board, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Energy[.] The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Director of Central Intelligence shall be nonvoting members of the Board. No alternate Board members shall be designated, but the acting head or deputy head of any member department or agency may serve in lieu of the head of the concerned department or agency. The Board may invite the heads of other United States Government departments or agencies, other than the departments or agencies represented by the Board members, to participate in the activities of the Board when matters of interest to such departments or agencies are under consideration.

(B) The Secretary may, from time to time, refer to the Board such particular export license matters, involving questions of national security or other major policy issues, as the Secretary shall select. The Secretary shall also refer to the Board any other such export license matter, upon the request of any other member of the Board or the head of any other United States Government department or agency having any interest in such matter. The Board shall consider the matters so referred to it, giving due consideration to the foreign policy of the United States, the national security, the domestic economy, and concerns about the proliferation of armaments, weapons of mass destruction, missile delivery systems, and advanced conventional weapons and shall make recommendations thereon to the Secretary.

(2) Advisory Committee on Export Policy. An Advisory Committee on Export Policy ("ACEP") is established and shall have as its members the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration, who shall be Chair of the ACEP, and Assistant Secretary-level representatives of the Departments of State, Defense, and Energy[.] Appropriate representatives of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and of the Nonproliferation Center of the Central Intelligence Agency shall be nonvoting members of the ACEP. Representatives of the departments or agencies shall be the appropriate Assistant Secretary or equivalent (or appropriate acting Assistant Secretary or equivalent in lieu of the Assistant Secretary or equivalent) of the concerned department or agency, or appropriate Deputy Assistant Secretary or equivalent (or the appropriate acting Deputy Assistant Secretary or equivalent in lieu of the Deputy Assistant Secretary or equivalent) of the concerned department or agency. Regardless of the department or agency representative's rank, such representative shall speak and vote at the ACEP on behalf of the appropriate Assistant Secretary or equivalent of such department or agency. The ACEP may invite Assistant Secretary-level representatives of other United States Government departments or agencies, other than the departments and agencies represented by the ACEP members, to participate in the activities of the ACEP when matters of interest to such departments or agencies are under consideration.

(3)(A) Operating Committee. An Operating Committee ("OC") of the ACEP is established. The Secretary shall appoint its Chair, who shall also serve as Executive Secretary of the ACEP. Its other members shall be representatives of appropriate agencies in the Departments of Commerce, State, Defense, and Energy[.] The appropriate representatives of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Nonproliferation Center of the Central Intelligence Agency shall be nonvoting members of the OC. The OC may invite representatives of other United States Government departments or agencies, other than the departments and agencies represented by the OC members, to participate in the activities of the OC when matters of interest to such departments or agencies are under consideration.

(B) The OC shall review all license applications on which the reviewing departments and agencies are not in agreement. The Chair of the OC shall consider the recommendations of the reviewing departments and agencies and inform them of his or her decision on any such matters within 14 days after the deadline for receiving department and agency recommendations. However, for license applications concerning commercial communication satellites and hot-section technologies for the development, production, and overhaul of commercial aircraft engines that are transferred from the United States Munitions List to the Commerce Control List pursuant to regulations issued by the Departments of Commerce and State after the date of this order, the Chair of the OC shall inform reviewing departments and agencies of the majority vote decision of the OC. As described below, any reviewing department or agency may appeal the decision of the Chair of the OC, or the majority vote decision of the OC in cases concerning the commercial communication satellites and hot-section technologies described above, to the Chair of the ACEP. In the absence of a timely appeal, the Chair's decision (or the majority vote decision in the case of license applications concerning the commercial communication satellites and hot-section technologies described above) will be final.

(b) Resolution Procedures. (1) If any department or agency disagrees with a licensing determination of the Department of Commerce made through the Chair of the OC (or a majority vote decision of the OC in the case of license applications concerning the commercial communication satellites and the hot-section technologies described in section 5(a)(3)(B)), it may appeal the matter to the ACEP for resolution. A department or agency must appeal a matter within 5 days of such a decision. Appeals must be in writing from an official appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, or an officer properly acting in such capacity, and must cite both the statutory and the regulatory bases for the appeal. The ACEP shall review all departments' and agencies' information and recommendations, and the Chair of the ACEP shall inform the reviewing departments and agencies of the majority vote decision of the ACEP within 11 days from the date of receiving notice of the appeal. Within 5 days of the majority vote decision, any dissenting department or agency may appeal the decision by submitting a letter from the head of the department or agency to the Secretary in his or her capacity as the Chair of the Board. Such letter shall cite both the statutory and the regulatory bases for the appeal. Within the same 5-day period, the Secretary may call a meeting on his or her own initiative to consider a license application. In the absence of a timely appeal, the majority vote decision of the ACEP shall be final.

(2) The Board shall review all departments' and agencies' information and recommendations, and such other export control matters as may be appropriate. The Secretary shall inform the reviewing departments and agencies of the majority vote of the Board within 11 days from the date of receiving notice of appeal. Within 5 days of the decision, any department or agency dissenting from the majority vote decision of the Board may appeal the decision by submitting a letter from the head of the dissenting department or agency to the President. In the absence of a timely appeal, the majority vote decision of the Board shall be final.

Sec. 6. Encryption Products. In conducting the license review described in section 1 above, with respect to export controls of encryption products that are or would be, on November 15, 1996, designated as defense articles in Category XIII of the United States Munitions List and regulated by the United States Department of State pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778 et seq., but that subsequently are placed on the Commerce Control List in the Export Administration Regulations, the Departments of State, Defense, Energy, and Justice shall have the opportunity to review any export license application submitted to the Department of Commerce. The Department of Justice shall, with respect to such encryption products, be a voting member of the Export Administration Review Board described in section 5(a)(1) of this order and of the Advisory Committee on Export Policy described in section 5(a)(2) of this order. The Department of Justice shall be a full member of the Operating Committee of the ACEP described in section 5(a)(3) of this order, and of any other committees and consultation groups reviewing export controls with respect to such encryption products.

Sec. 7. The license review process in this order shall take effect beginning with those license applications registered by the Secretary 60 days after the date of this order and shall continue in effect to the extent not inconsistent with any renewal of the Export Administration Act [50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.], or with any successor to that Act.

Sec. 8. Judicial Review. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create any rights to administrative or judicial review, or any other right or benefit or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

William J. Clinton.      

[For abolition, transfer of functions, and treatment of references to United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, see section 6511 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]

Ex. Ord. No. 13026. Administration of Export Controls on Encryption Products

Ex. Ord. No. 13026, Nov. 15, 1996, 61 F.R. 58767, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including but not limited to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), and in order to take additional steps with respect to the national emergency described and declared in Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994 [listed in a table under section 1701 of this title], and continued on August 15, 1995, and on August 14, 1996, I, WILLIAM J. CLINTON, President of the United States of America, have decided that the provisions set forth below shall apply to administration of the export control system maintained by the Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR Part 730 et seq. ("the EAR"). Accordingly, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Treatment of Encryption Products. In order to provide for appropriate controls on the export and foreign dissemination of encryption products, export controls of encryption products that are or would be, on this date, designated as defense articles in Category XIII of the United States Munitions List and regulated by the United States Department of State pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. 2778 et seq. ("the AECA"), but that subsequently are placed on the Commerce Control List in the EAR, shall be subject to the following conditions: (a) I have determined that the export of encryption products described in this section could harm national security and foreign policy interests even where comparable products are or appear to be available from sources outside the United States, and that facts and questions concerning the foreign availability of such encryption products cannot be made subject to public disclosure or judicial review without revealing or implicating classified information that could harm United States national security and foreign policy interests. Accordingly, sections 4(c) and 6(h)(2)–(4) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 ("the EAA"), 50 U.S.C. App. 2403(c) and 2405(h)(2)–(4) [former 50 U.S.C. 4603(c) and 4605(h)(2)–(4)], as amended and as continued in effect by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, and by notices of August 15, 1995, and August 14, 1996, all other analogous provisions of the EAA relating to foreign availability, and the regulations in the EAR relating to such EAA provisions, shall not be applicable with respect to export controls on such encryption products. Notwithstanding this, the Secretary of Commerce ("Secretary") may, in his discretion, consider the foreign availability of comparable encryption products in determining whether to issue a license in a particular case or to remove controls on particular products, but is not required to issue licenses in particular cases or to remove controls on particular products based on such consideration;

(b) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 12981, set out above;]

(c) Because the export of encryption software, like the export of other encryption products described in this section, must be controlled because of such software's functional capacity, rather than because of any possible informational value of such software, such software shall not be considered or treated as "technology," as that term is defined in section 16 of the EAA (50 U.S.C. App. 2415) [former 50 U.S.C. 4618] and in the EAR (61 Fed. Reg. 12714, March 25, 1996);

(d) With respect to encryption products described in this section, the Secretary shall take such actions, including the promulgation of rules, regulations, and amendments thereto, as may be necessary to control the export of assistance (including training) to foreign persons in the same manner and to the same extent as the export of such assistance is controlled under the AECA, as amended by section 151 of Public Law 104–164 [see 22 U.S.C. 2778(b)(1)(A)];

(e) Appropriate controls on the export and foreign dissemination of encryption products described in this section may include, but are not limited to, measures that promote the use of strong encryption products and the development of a key recovery management infrastructure; and

(f) Regulation of encryption products described in this section shall be subject to such further conditions as the President may direct.

Sec. 2. Effective Date. The provisions described in section 1 shall take effect as soon as any encryption products described in section 1 are placed on the Commerce Control List in the EAR.

Sec. 3. Judicial Review. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and to ensure the implementation of appropriate controls on the export and foreign dissemination of encryption products. It is not intended to, and does not, create any rights to administrative or judicial review, or any other right or benefit or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

William J. Clinton.
50 U.S.C. § 1541 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 33: WAR POWERS RESOLUTION / Section 1541: Purpose and policy
Purpose and policy
Status: in_force

(a) Congressional declaration

It is the purpose of this chapter to fulfill the intent of the framers of the Constitution of the United States and insure that the collective judgment of both the Congress and the President will apply to the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and to the continued use of such forces in hostilities or in such situations.

(b) Congressional legislative power under necessary and proper clause

Under article I, section 8, of the Constitution, it is specifically provided that the Congress shall have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution, not only its own powers but also all other powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

(c) Presidential executive power as Commander-in-Chief; limitation

The constitutional powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief to introduce United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, are exercised only pursuant to (1) a declaration of war, (2) specific statutory authorization, or (3) a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces.

(Pub. L. 93–148, §2, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 555.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 93–148, §10, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 559, provided that: "This joint resolution [enacting this chapter] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Nov. 7, 1973]."

Short Title

Pub. L. 93–148, §1, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 555, provided that: "This joint resolution [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'War Powers Resolution'."

Rule of Construction on the Permanent Stationing of United States Armed Forces in Somalia

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XII, §1271, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1698, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [see Tables for classification] may be construed to authorize the permanent stationing of members of the Armed Forces in Somalia."

Report on Responsible Redeployment of United States Armed Forces From Iraq

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XII, §1227, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2525, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XII, §1233(a)–(e), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4396, 4397, provided that:

"(a) Report Required.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], or December 31, 2010, whichever occurs later, and every 180 days thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report concerning the responsible redeployment of United States Armed Forces from Iraq in accordance with the policy announced by the President on February 27, 2009, and the Agreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq On the Withdrawal of United States Forces From Iraq and the Organization of Their Activities During Their Temporary Presence in Iraq.

"(b) Elements.—The report required under subsection (a) shall include the following elements:

"(1) The number of United States military personnel in Iraq by service and component for each month of the preceding 90-day period and an estimate of the personnel levels in Iraq for the 90-day period following submission of the report.

"(2) The number and type of military installations in Iraq occupied by 100 or more United States military personnel and the number of such military installations closed, consolidated, or transferred to the Government of Iraq in the preceding 90-day period.

"(3) An estimate of the number of military vehicles, containers of equipment, tons of ammunition, or other significant items belonging to the Department of Defense removed from Iraq during the preceding 90-day period, an estimate of the remaining amount of such items belonging to the Department of Defense, and an assessment of the likelihood of successfully removing, demilitarizing, or otherwise transferring all items belonging to the Department of Defense from Iraq on or before December 31, 2011.

"(4) An assessment of United States detainee operations and releases. Such assessment should include the total number of detainees held by the United States in Iraq, the number of detainees in each threat level category, the number of detainees who are not nationals of Iraq, the number of detainees transferred to Iraqi authorities, the number of detainees who were released from United States custody and the reasons for their release, and the number of detainees who having been released in the past were recaptured or had their remains identified planning or after carrying out attacks on United States or Coalition forces.

"(5) A listing of the objective and subjective factors utilized by the commander of United States Forces–Iraq, including any changes to that list in the case of an update to the report, to determine risk levels associated with the drawdown of United States Armed Forces, and the process and timing that will be utilized by the commander of United States Forces–Iraq and the Secretary of Defense to assess risk and make recommendations to the President about either continuing the redeployment of United States Armed Forces from Iraq in accordance with the schedule announced by the President or modifying the pace or timing of that redeployment.

"(6) An assessment of progress to transfer responsibility of programs, projects, and activities carried out in Iraq by the Department of Defense to other United States Government departments and agencies, international or nongovernmental entities, or the Government of Iraq. The assessment should include a description of the numbers and categories of programs, projects, and activities for which such other entities have taken responsibility or which have been discontinued by the Department of Defense. The assessment should also include a discussion of any difficulties or barriers in transitioning such programs, projects, and activities and what, if any, solutions have been developed to address such difficulties or barriers.

"(7) An assessment of progress toward the goal of building the minimum essential capabilities of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior of Iraq, including a description of—

"(A) such capabilities both extant and remaining to be developed;

"(B) major equipment necessary to achieve such capabilities;

"(C) the level and type of support provided by the United States to address shortfalls in such capabilities; and

"(D) the level of commitment, both financial and political, made by the Government of Iraq to develop such capabilities, including a discussion of resources used by the Government of Iraq to develop capabilities that the Secretary determines are not minimum essential capabilities for purposes of this paragraph.

"(8) A listing and assessment of the anticipated level and type of support to be provided by United States special operations forces to the Government of Iraq and Iraqi special operations forces during the redeployment of United States conventional forces from Iraq. The assessment should include a listing of anticipated critical support from general purpose forces required by United States special operations forces and Iraqi special operations forces. The assessment should also include combat support, including rotary aircraft and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets, combat service support, and contractor support needed through December 31, 2011.

"(c) Secretary of State Comments.—Prior to submitting the report required under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall provide a copy of the report to the Secretary of State for review. At the request of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense shall include an appendix to the report which contains any comments or additional information that the Secretary of State requests.

"(d) Form.—The report required under subsection (a) may include a classified annex.

"(e) Appropriate Congressional Committees.—In this section, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

"(f) Termination.—The requirement to submit the report required under subsection (a) shall terminate on September 30, 2012."

United States Policy on Iraq

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XII, §1227, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3465, as amended by Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XII, §1223(a)(1), (b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 373, 374, known as the "United States Policy in Iraq Act", which required the President to submit reports to Congress on United States policy and military operations in Iraq not later than 90 days after Jan. 6, 2006, and every three months thereafter, until all United States combat brigades had been redeployed from Iraq, and required congressional briefings by senior officials of the Department of Defense subsequent to the submission of each such report, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XII, §1233(f)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4397.

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002

Pub. L. 107–243, Oct. 16, 2002, 116 Stat. 1498, provided that:

"Whereas in 1990 in response to Iraq's war of aggression against and illegal occupation of Kuwait, the United States forged a coalition of nations to liberate Kuwait and its people in order to defend the national security of the United States and enforce United Nations Security Council resolutions relating to Iraq;

"Whereas after the liberation of Kuwait in 1991, Iraq entered into a United Nations sponsored cease-fire agreement pursuant to which Iraq unequivocally agreed, among other things, to eliminate its nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons programs and the means to deliver and develop them, and to end its support for international terrorism;

"Whereas the efforts of international weapons inspectors, United States intelligence agencies, and Iraqi defectors led to the discovery that Iraq had large stockpiles of chemical weapons and a large scale biological weapons program, and that Iraq had an advanced nuclear weapons development program that was much closer to producing a nuclear weapon than intelligence reporting had previously indicated;

"Whereas Iraq, in direct and flagrant violation of the cease-fire, attempted to thwart the efforts of weapons inspectors to identify and destroy Iraq's weapons of mass destruction stockpiles and development capabilities, which finally resulted in the withdrawal of inspectors from Iraq on October 31, 1998;

"Whereas in Public Law 105–235 (August 14, 1998) [112 Stat. 1538], Congress concluded that Iraq's continuing weapons of mass destruction programs threatened vital United States interests and international peace and security, declared Iraq to be in 'material and unacceptable breach of its international obligations' and urged the President 'to take appropriate action, in accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws of the United States, to bring Iraq into compliance with its international obligations';

"Whereas Iraq both poses a continuing threat to the national security of the United States and international peace and security in the Persian Gulf region and remains in material and unacceptable breach of its international obligations by, among other things, continuing to possess and develop a significant chemical and biological weapons capability, actively seeking a nuclear weapons capability, and supporting and harboring terrorist organizations;

"Whereas Iraq persists in violating resolution [sic] of the United Nations Security Council by continuing to engage in brutal repression of its civilian population thereby threatening international peace and security in the region, by refusing to release, repatriate, or account for non-Iraqi citizens wrongfully detained by Iraq, including an American serviceman, and by failing to return property wrongfully seized by Iraq from Kuwait;

"Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its capability and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction against other nations and its own people;

"Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its continuing hostility toward, and willingness to attack, the United States, including by attempting in 1993 to assassinate former President Bush and by firing on many thousands of occasions on United States and Coalition Armed Forces engaged in enforcing the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council;

"Whereas members of al Qaida, an organization bearing responsibility for attacks on the United States, its citizens, and interests, including the attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq;

"Whereas Iraq continues to aid and harbor other international terrorist organizations, including organizations that threaten the lives and safety of United States citizens;

"Whereas the attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001, underscored the gravity of the threat posed by the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by international terrorist organizations;

"Whereas Iraq's demonstrated capability and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction, the risk that the current Iraqi regime will either employ those weapons to launch a surprise attack against the United States or its Armed Forces or provide them to international terrorists who would do so, and the extreme magnitude of harm that would result to the United States and its citizens from such an attack, combine to justify action by the United States to defend itself;

"Whereas United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) authorizes the use of all necessary means to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 (1990) and subsequent relevant resolutions and to compel Iraq to cease certain activities that threaten international peace and security, including the development of weapons of mass destruction and refusal or obstruction of United Nations weapons inspections in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), repression of its civilian population in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 (1991), and threatening its neighbors or United Nations operations in Iraq in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 949 (1994);

"Whereas in the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1) [set out as a note below], Congress has authorized the President 'to use United States Armed Forces pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) in order to achieve implementation of Security Council Resolution 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, and 677';

"Whereas in December 1991, Congress expressed its sense that it 'supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the goals of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 as being consistent with the Authorization of Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1),' that Iraq's repression of its civilian population violates United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 and 'constitutes a continuing threat to the peace, security, and stability of the Persian Gulf region,' and that Congress, 'supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the goals of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688';

"Whereas the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–338) [former 22 U.S.C. 2151 note] expressed the sense of Congress that it should be the policy of the United States to support efforts to remove from power the current Iraqi regime and promote the emergence of a democratic government to replace that regime;

"Whereas on September 12, 2002, President Bush committed the United States to 'work with the United Nations Security Council to meet our common challenge' posed by Iraq and to 'work for the necessary resolutions,' while also making clear that 'the Security Council resolutions will be enforced, and the just demands of peace and security will be met, or action will be unavoidable';

"Whereas the United States is determined to prosecute the war on terrorism and Iraq's ongoing support for international terrorist groups combined with its development of weapons of mass destruction in direct violation of its obligations under the 1991 cease-fire and other United Nations Security Council resolutions make clear that it is in the national security interests of the United States and in furtherance of the war on terrorism that all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions be enforced, including through the use of force if necessary;

"Whereas Congress has taken steps to pursue vigorously the war on terrorism through the provision of authorities and funding requested by the President to take the necessary actions against international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or organizations;

"Whereas the President and Congress are determined to continue to take all appropriate actions against international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or organizations;

"Whereas the President has authority under the Constitution to take action in order to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism against the United States, as Congress recognized in the joint resolution on Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107–40) [set out as a note below]; and

"Whereas it is in the national security interests of the United States to restore international peace and security to the Persian Gulf region: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002'.

"SEC. 2. SUPPORT FOR UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS.

"The Congress of the United States supports the efforts by the President to—

"(1) strictly enforce through the United Nations Security Council all relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq and encourages him in those efforts; and

"(2) obtain prompt and decisive action by the Security Council to ensure that Iraq abandons its strategy of delay, evasion and noncompliance and promptly and strictly complies with all relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq.

"SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.

"(a) Authorization.—The President is authorized to use the Armed Forces of the United States as he determines to be necessary and appropriate in order to—

"(1) defend the national security of the United States against the continuing threat posed by Iraq; and

"(2) enforce all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq.

"(b) Presidential Determination.—In connection with the exercise of the authority granted in subsection (a) to use force the President shall, prior to such exercise or as soon thereafter as may be feasible, but no later than 48 hours after exercising such authority, make available to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate his determination that—

"(1) reliance by the United States on further diplomatic or other peaceful means alone either (A) will not adequately protect the national security of the United States against the continuing threat posed by Iraq or (B) is not likely to lead to enforcement of all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq; and

"(2) acting pursuant to this joint resolution is consistent with the United States and other countries continuing to take the necessary actions against international terrorist and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001.

"(c) War Powers Resolution Requirements.—

"(1) Specific statutory authorization.—Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1547(a)(1)], the Congress declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)].

"(2) Applicability of other requirements.—Nothing in this joint resolution supersedes any requirement of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.].

"SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

"(a) Reports.—The President shall, at least once every 60 days, submit to the Congress a report on matters relevant to this joint resolution, including actions taken pursuant to the exercise of authority granted in section 3 and the status of planning for efforts that are expected to be required after such actions are completed, including those actions described in section 7 of the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–338) [former 22 U.S.C. 2151 note].

"(b) Single Consolidated Report.—To the extent that the submission of any report described in subsection (a) coincides with the submission of any other report on matters relevant to this joint resolution otherwise required to be submitted to Congress pursuant to the reporting requirements of the War Powers Resolution (Public Law 93–148) [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.], all such reports may be submitted as a single consolidated report to the Congress.

"(c) Rule of Construction.—To the extent that the information required by section 3 of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1) [set out in a note below] is included in the report required by this section, such report shall be considered as meeting the requirements of section 3 of such resolution."

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against September 11 Terrorists

Pub. L. 107–40, Sept. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 224, provided that:

"Whereas, on September 11, 2001, acts of treacherous violence were committed against the United States and its citizens; and

"Whereas, such acts render it both necessary and appropriate that the United States exercise its rights to self-defense and to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad; and

"Whereas, in light of the threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States posed by these grave acts of violence; and

"Whereas, such acts continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States; and

"Whereas, the President has authority under the Constitution to take action to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism against the United States: Now, therefore, be it

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Authorization for Use of Military Force'.

"SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.

"(a) In General.—That the President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons.

"(b) War Powers Resolution Requirements.—

"(1) Specific statutory authorization.—Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1547(a)(1)], the Congress declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)].

"(2) Applicability of other requirements.—Nothing in this resolution supercedes any requirement of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.]."

Limitation on Deployment of Armed Forces in Haiti During Fiscal Year 2000 and Congressional Notice of Deployments to Haiti

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XII, §1232, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 788, as amended by Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XII, §1222, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1253, provided that:

"(a) Limitation on Deployment.—No funds available to the Department of Defense during fiscal year 2000 may be expended after May 31, 2000, for the continuous deployment of United States Armed Forces in Haiti pursuant to the Department of Defense operation designated as Operation Uphold Democracy.

"[(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XII, §1222, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1253.]"

Involvement of Armed Forces in Haiti

Pub. L. 103–423, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4358, provided that:

"SECTION 1. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES OPERATIONS IN HAITI.

"It is the sense of Congress that—

"(a) the men and women of the United States Armed Forces in Haiti who are performing with professional excellence and dedicated patriotism are to be commended;

"(b) the President should have sought and welcomed Congressional approval before deploying United States Armed Forces to Haiti;

"(c) the departure from power of the de facto authorities in Haiti, and Haitian efforts to achieve national reconciliation, democracy and the rule of law are in the best interests of the Haitian people;

"(d) the President's lifting of the unilateral economic sanctions on Haiti, and his efforts to bring about the lifting of economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations are appropriate; and

"(e) Congress supports a prompt and orderly withdrawal of all United States Armed Forces from Haiti as soon as possible.

"SEC. 2. PRESIDENTIAL STATEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OBJECTIVES.

"The President shall prepare and submit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives (hereafter, 'Congress') not later than seven days after enactment of this resolution [Oct. 25, 1994] a statement of the national security objectives to be achieved by Operation Uphold Democracy, and a detailed description of United States policy, the military mission and the general rules of engagement under which operations of United States Armed Forces are conducted in and around Haiti, including the role of United States Armed Forces regarding Haitian on Haitian violence, and efforts to disarm Haitian military or police forces, or civilians. Changes or modifications to such objectives, policy, military mission, or general rules of engagement shall be submitted to Congress within forty-eight hours of approval.

"SEC. 3. REPORT ON THE SITUATION IN HAITI.

"Not later than November 1, 1994, and monthly thereafter until the cessation of Operation Uphold Democracy, the President shall submit a report to Congress on the situation in Haiti, including—

"(a) a listing of the units of the United States Armed Forces and of the police and military units of other nations participating in operations in and around Haiti;

"(b) the estimated duration of Operation Uphold Democracy and progress toward the withdrawal of all United States Armed Forces from Haiti consistent with the goal of section 1(e) of this resolution;

"(c) armed incidents or the use of force in or around Haiti involving United States Armed Forces or Coast Guard personnel in the time period covered by the report;

"(d) the estimated cumulative incremental cost of all United States activities subsequent to September 30, 1993, in and around Haiti, including but not limited to—

"(1) the cost of all deployments of United States Armed Forces and Coast Guard personnel, training, exercises, mobilization, and preparation activities, including the preparation of police and military units of the other nations of the multinational force involved in enforcement of sanctions, limits on migration, establishment and maintenance of migrant facilities at Guantanamo Bay and elsewhere, and all other activities relating to operations in and around Haiti; and

"(2) the costs of all other activities relating to United States policy toward Haiti, including humanitarian assistance, reconstruction, aid and other financial assistance, and all other costs to the United States Government;

"(e) a detailed accounting of the source of funds obligated or expended to meet the costs described in subparagraph (d), including—

"(1) in the case of funds expended from the Department of Defense budget, a breakdown by military service or defense agency, line item and program, and

"(2) in the case of funds expended from the budgets of departments and agencies other than the Department of Defense, by department or agency and program;

"(f) the Administration plan for financing the costs of the operations and the impact on readiness without supplemental funding;

"(g) a description of the situation in Haiti, including—

"(1) the security situation;

"(2) the progress made in transferring the functions of government to the democratically elected government of Haiti; and

"(3) progress toward holding free and fair parliamentary elections;

"(h) a description of issues relating to the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH), including—

"(1) the preparedness of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) to deploy to Haiti to assume its functions;

"(2) troop commitments by other nations to UNMIH;

"(3) the anticipated cost to the United States of participation in UNMIH, including payments to the United Nations and financial, material and other assistance to UNMIH;

"(4) proposed or actual participation of United States Armed Forces in UNMIH;

"(5) proposed command arrangements for UNMIH, including proposed or actual placement of United States Armed Forces under foreign command; and

"(6) the anticipated duration of UNMIH.

"SEC. 4. REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS.

"Not later than January 1, 1995, the Secretary of State shall report to Congress on the participation or involvement of any member of the de jure or de facto Haitian government in violations of internationally-recognized human rights from December 15, 1990, to December 15, 1994.

"SEC. 5. REPORT ON UNITED STATES AGREEMENTS.

"Not later than November 15, 1994, the Secretary of State shall provide a comprehensive report to Congress on all agreements the United States has entered into with other nations, including any assistance pledged or provided, in connection with United States efforts in Haiti. Such report shall also include information on any agreements or commitments relating to United Nations Security Council actions concerning Haiti since 1992.

"SEC. 6. TRANSITION TO UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN HAITI.

"Nothing in this resolution should be construed or interpreted to constitute Congressional approval or disapproval of the participation of United States Armed Forces in the United Nations Mission in Haiti."

Involvement of Armed Forces in Somalia

Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XV, §1512, Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1840, provided that:

"(a) Sense of Congress Regarding United States Policy Toward Somalia.—

"(1) Since United States Armed Forces made significant contributions under Operation Restore Hope towards the establishment of a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations and restoration of peace in the region to end the humanitarian disaster that had claimed more than 300,000 lives.

"(2) Since the mission of United States forces in support of the United Nations appears to be evolving from the establishment of 'a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations,' as set out in United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 of December 3, 1992, to one of internal security and nation building.

"(b) Statement of Congressional Policy.—

"(1) Consultation with the congress.—The President should consult closely with the Congress regarding United States policy with respect to Somalia, including in particular the deployment of United States Armed Forces in that country, whether under United Nations or United States command.

"(2) Planning.—The United States shall facilitate the assumption of the functions of United States forces by the United Nations.

"(3) Reporting requirement.—

"(A) The President shall ensure that the goals and objectives supporting deployment of United States forces to Somalia and a description of the mission, command arrangements, size, functions, location, and anticipated duration in Somalia of those forces are clearly articulated and provided in a detailed report to the Congress by October 15, 1993.

"(B) Such report shall include the status of planning to transfer the function contained in paragraph (2).

"(4) Congressional approval.—Upon reporting under the requirements of paragraph (3) Congress believes the President should by November 15, 1993, seek and receive congressional authorization in order for the deployment of United States forces to Somalia to continue."

Duration of Authorization for United States Participation in Multinational Force in Somalia

Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8151, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1475, provided that:

"(a) The Congress finds that—

"(1) the United States entered into Operation Restore Hope in December of 1992 for the purpose of relieving mass starvation in Somalia;

"(2) the original mission in Somalia, to secure the environment for humanitarian relief, had the unanimous support of the Senate, expressed in Senate Joint Resolution 45, passed on February 4, 1993, and was endorsed by the House when it amended S.J. Res. 45 on May 25, 1993;

"(3) Operation Restore Hope was being successfully accomplished by United States forces, working with forces of other nations, when it was replaced by the UNOSOM II mission, assumed by the United Nations on May 4, 1993, pursuant to United Nations Resolution 814 of March 26, 1993;

"(4) neither the expanded United Nations mission of national reconciliation, nor the broad mission of disarming the clans, nor any other mission not essential to the performance of the humanitarian mission has been endorsed or approved by the Senate;

"(5) the expanded mission of the United Nations was, subsequent to an attack upon United Nations forces, diverted into a mission aimed primarily at capturing certain persons, pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 837, of June 6, 1993;

"(6) the actions of hostile elements in Mogadishu, and the United Nations mission to subdue those elements, have resulted in open conflict in the city of Mogadishu and the deaths of 29 Americans, at least 159 wounded, and the capture of American personnel; and

"(7) during fiscal years 1992 and 1993, the United States incurred expenses in excess of $1,100,000,000 to support operations in Somalia.

"(b) The Congress approves the use of United States Armed Forces in Somalia for the following purposes:

"(1) The protection of United States personnel and bases; and

"(2) The provision of assistance in securing open lines of communication for the free flow of supplies and relief operations through the provision of—

"(A) United States military logistical support services to United Nations forces; and

"(B) United States combat forces in a security role and as an interim force protection supplement to United Nations units: Provided, That funds appropriated, or otherwise made available, in this or any other Act to the Department of Defense may be obligated for expenses incurred only through March 31, 1994, for the operations of United States Armed Forces in Somalia: Provided further, That such date may be extended if so requested by the President and authorized by the Congress: Provided further, That funds may be obligated beyond March 31, 1994 to support a limited number of United States military personnel sufficient only to protect American diplomatic facilities and American citizens, and noncombat personnel to advise the United Nations commander in Somalia: Provided further, That United States combat forces in Somalia shall be under the command and control of United States commanders under the ultimate direction of the President of the United States: Provided further, That the President should intensify efforts to have United Nations member countries immediately deploy additional troops to Somalia to fulfill previous force commitments made to the United Nations and to deploy additional forces to assume the security missions of United States Armed Forces: Provided further, That—

"(i) captured United States personnel in Somalia should be treated humanely and fairly; and

"(ii) the United States and the United Nations should make all appropriate efforts to ensure the immediate and safe return of any future captured United States personnel: Provided further, That the President should ensure that, at all times, United States military personnel in Somalia have the capacity to defend themselves, and American citizens: Provided further, That the United States Armed Forces should remain deployed in or around Somalia until such time as all American service personnel missing in action in Somalia are accounted for, and all American service personnel held prisoner in Somalia are released: Provided further, That nothing herein shall be deemed to restrict in any way the authority of the President under the Constitution to protect the lives of Americans."

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution

Pub. L. 102–1, Jan. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 3, as amended by Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title II, §207], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–422, provided that:

"Whereas the Government of Iraq without provocation invaded and occupied the territory of Kuwait on August 2, 1990;

"Whereas both the House of Representatives (in H.J. Res. 658 of the 101st Congress) and the Senate (in S. Con. Res. 147 of the 101st Congress) have condemned Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and declared their support for international action to reverse Iraq's aggression;

"Whereas, Iraq's conventional, chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs and its demonstrated willingness to use weapons of mass destruction pose a grave threat to world peace;

"Whereas the international community has demanded that Iraq withdraw unconditionally and immediately from Kuwait and that Kuwait's independence and legitimate government be restored;

"Whereas the United Nations Security Council repeatedly affirmed the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense in response to the armed attack by Iraq against Kuwait in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter;

"Whereas, in the absence of full compliance by Iraq with its resolutions, the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 678 has authorized member states of the United Nations to use all necessary means, after January 15, 1991, to uphold and implement all relevant Security Council resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area; and

"Whereas Iraq has persisted in its illegal occupation of, and brutal aggression against Kuwait: Now, therefore, be it

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

"This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution'.

"SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.

"(a) Authorization.—The President is authorized, subject to subsection (b), to use United States Armed Forces pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) in order to achieve implementation of Security Council Resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, and 677.

"(b) Requirement for Determination That Use of Military Force Is Necessary.—Before exercising the authority granted in subsection (a), the President shall make available to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate his determination that—

"(1) the United States has used all appropriate diplomatic and other peaceful means to obtain compliance by Iraq with the United Nations Security Council resolutions cited in subsection (a); and

"(2) that those efforts have not been and would not be successful in obtaining such compliance.

"(c) War Powers Resolution Requirements.—

"(1) Specific statutory authorization.—Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1547(a)(1)], the Congress declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)].

"(2) Applicability of other requirements.—Nothing in this resolution supersedes any requirement of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.].

"SEC. 3. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

"At least once every 90 days, the President shall submit to the Congress a summary on the status of efforts to obtain compliance by Iraq with the resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in response to Iraq's aggression."

Introduction of United States Armed Forces Into Central America for Combat

Pub. L. 98–525, title III, §310, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2516, provided that:

"(a) The Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) The President has stated that there is no need to introduce United States Armed Forces into Central America for combat and that he has no intention of doing so.

"(2) The President of El Salvador has stated that there is no need for United States Armed Forces to conduct combat operations in El Salvador and that he has no intention of asking that they do so.

"(3) The possibility of the introduction of United States Armed Forces into Central America for combat raises very grave concern in the Congress and the American people.

"(b) It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) United States Armed Forces should not be introduced into or over the countries of Central America for combat; and

"(2) if circumstances change from those present on the date of the enactment of this Act and the President believes that those changed circumstances require the introduction of United States Armed Forces into or over a country of Central America for combat, the President should consult with Congress before any decision to so introduce United States Armed Forces and any such introduction of United States Armed Forces must comply with the War Powers Resolution [this chapter]."

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(h) [title VIII, §8101], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1942, provided that:

"(a) The Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) The President has stated that there is no need to introduce United States Armed Forces into Central America for combat and that he has no intention of doing so.

"(2) The President of El Salvador has stated that there is no need for United States Armed Forces to conduct combat operations in El Salvador and that he has no intention of asking that they do so.

"(3) The possibility of the introduction of United States Armed Forces into Central America for combat raises very grave concern in the Congress and the American people.

"(b) It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) United States Armed Forces should not be introduced into or over the countries of Central America for combat; and

"(2) if circumstances change from those present on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1984] and the President believes that those changed circumstances require the introduction of United States Armed Forces into or over a country of Central America for combat, the President should consult with Congress before any decision to so introduce United States Armed Forces and any such introduction of United States Armed Forces must comply with the War Powers Resolution [this chapter]."

Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution

Pub. L. 98–119, Oct. 12, 1983, 97 Stat. 805, provided that:

"short title

"Section 1. This joint resolution may be cited as the 'Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution'.

"findings and purpose

"Sec. 2. (a) The Congress finds that—

"(1) the removal of all foreign forces from Lebanon is an essential United States foreign policy objective in the Middle East;

"(2) in order to restore full control by the Government of Lebanon over its own territory, the United States is currently participating in the multinational peacekeeping force (hereafter in this resolution referred to as the 'Multinational Force in Lebanon') which was established in accordance with the exchange of letters between the Governments of the United States and Lebanon dated September 25, 1982;

"(3) the Multinational Force in Lebanon better enables the Government of Lebanon to establish its unity, independence, and territorial integrity;

"(4) progress toward national political reconciliation in Lebanon is necessary; and

"(5) United States Armed Forces participating in the Multinational Force in Lebanon are now in hostilities requiring authorization of their continued presence under the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.].

"(b) The Congress determines that the requirements of section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1543(a)(1)] became operative on August 29, 1983. Consistent with section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)], the purpose of this joint resolution is to authorize the continued participation of United States Armed Forces in the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

"(c) The Congress intends this joint resolution to constitute the necessary specific statutory authorization under the War Powers Resolution for continued participation by United States Armed Forces in the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

"authorization for continued participation of united states armed forces in the multinational force in lebanon

"Sec. 3. The President is authorized, for purposes of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1544(b)], to continue participation by United States Armed Forces in the Multinational Force in Lebanon, subject to the provisions of section 6 of this joint resolution. Such participation shall be limited to performance of the functions, and shall be subject to the limitations, specified in the agreement establishing the Multinational Force in Lebanon as set forth in the exchange of letters between the Governments of the United States and Lebanon dated September 25, 1982, except that this shall not preclude such protective measures as may be necessary to ensure the safety of the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

"reports to the congress

"Sec. 4. As required by section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1543(c)], the President shall report periodically to the Congress with respect to the situation in Lebanon, but in no event shall he report less often than once every three months. In addition to providing the information required by that section on the status, scope, and duration of hostilities involving United States Armed Forces, such reports shall describe in detail—

"(1) the activities being performed by the Multinational Force in Lebanon;

"(2) the present composition of the Multinational Force in Lebanon, including a description of the responsibilities and deployment of the armed forces of each participating country;

"(3) the results of efforts to reduce and eventually eliminate the Multinational Force in Lebanon;

"(4) how continued United States participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon is advancing United States foreign policy interests in the Middle East; and

"(5) what progress has occurred toward national political reconciliation among all Lebanese groups.

"statements of policy

"Sec. 5. (a) The Congress declares that the participation of the armed forces of other countries in the Multinational Force in Lebanon is essential to maintain the international character of the peacekeeping function in Lebanon.

"(b) The Congress believes that it should continue to be the policy of the United States to promote continuing discussions with Israel, Syria, and Lebanon with the objective of bringing about the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Lebanon and establishing an environment which will permit the Lebanese Armed Forces to carry out their responsibilities in the Beirut area.

"(c) It is the sense of the Congress that, not later than one year after the date of enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 12, 1983] and at least once a year thereafter, the United States should discuss with the other members of the Security Council of the United Nations the establishment of a United Nations peacekeeping force to assume the responsibilities of the Multinational Force in Lebanon. An analysis of the implications of the response to such discussions for the continuation of the Multinational Force in Lebanon shall be included in the reports required under paragraph (3) of section 4 of this resolution.

"duration of authorization for united states participation in the multinational force in lebanon

"Sec. 6. The participation of United States Armed Forces in the Multinational Force in Lebanon shall be authorized for purposes of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.] until the end of the eighteen-month period beginning on the date of enactment of this resolution [Oct. 12, 1983] unless the Congress extends such authorization, except that such authorization shall terminate sooner upon the occurrence of any one of the following:

"(1) the withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon, unless the President determines and certifies to the Congress that continued United States Armed Forces participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon is required after such withdrawal in order to accomplish the purposes specified in the September 25, 1982, exchange of letters providing for the establishment of the Multinational Force in Lebanon; or

"(2) the assumption by the United Nations or the Government of Lebanon of the responsibilities of the Multinational Force in Lebanon; or

"(3) the implementation of other effective security arrangements in the area; or

"(4) the withdrawal of all other countries from participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon.

"interpretation of this resolution

"Sec. 7. (a) Nothing in this joint resolution shall preclude the President from withdrawing United States Armed Forces participation in the Multinational Force in Lebanon if circumstances warrant, and nothing in this joint resolution shall preclude the Congress by joint resolution from directing such a withdrawal.

"(b) Nothing in this joint resolution modifies, limits, or supersedes any provision of the War Powers Resolution [50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.] or the requirement of section 4(a) of the Lebanon Emergency Assistance Act of 1983, relating to congressional authorization for any substantial expansion in the number or role of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon.

"congressional priority procedures for amendments

"Sec. 8. (a) Any joint resolution or bill introduced to amend or repeal this Act shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, as the case may be. Such joint resolution or bill shall be considered by such committee within fifteen calendar days and may be reported out, together with its recommendations, unless such House shall otherwise determine pursuant to its rules.

"(b) Any joint resolution or bill so reported shall become the pending business of the House in question (in the case of the Senate the time for debate shall be equally divided between the proponents and the opponents) and shall be voted on within three calendar days thereafter, unless such House shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.

"(c) Such a joint resolution or bill passed by one House shall be referred to the committee of the other House named in subsection (a) and shall be reported out by such committee together with its recommendations within fifteen calendar days and shall thereupon become the pending business of such House and shall be voted upon within three calendar days, unless such House shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.

"(d) In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses of Congress with respect to a joint resolution or bill passed by both Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and the committee of conference shall make and file a report with respect to such joint resolution within six calendar days after the legislation is referred to the committee of conference. Notwithstanding any rule in either House concerning the printing of conference reports in the Record or concerning any delay in the consideration of such reports, such report shall be acted on by both Houses not later than six calendar days after the conference report is filed. In the event the conferees are unable to agree within forty-eight hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses in disagreement."

Adherence to War Powers Resolution

Pub. L. 96–342, title X, §1008, Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1122, provided that: "Whereas, the National Command Authority must have the capacity to carry out any military mission which is essential to the national security of the United States having in its hands in the Rapid Deployment Force an increased capability to extend the reach of our military power in an expedited manner; and whereas, without the significant safeguard of the War Powers Resolution (Public Law 93–148) [this chapter], United States foreign and defense policies could be subject to misinterpretation; it is therefore the sense of the Congress that the provisions of the War Powers Resolution be strictly adhered to and that the congressional consultation process specified by such Resolution be utilized strictly according to the terms of the War Powers Resolution."

Executive Documents

Delegation of Certain Reporting Authority

Memorandum of President of the United States, July 2, 2004, 69 F.R. 43723, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to you the functions and authority conferred upon the President by section 4 of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, Public Law 107–243 [set out in a note above], and by section 3 of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, Public Law 102–1 [set out in a note above], to make the specified reports to the Congress.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

George W. Bush.
50 U.S.C. § 46 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 4B: DISCLOSURE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION / Section 46: Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, §56(c), 65 Stat. 729
Repealed. Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, §56(c), 65 Stat. 729
Status: repealed

Section 46, act May 13, 1950, ch. 185, §2, 64 Stat. 159, related to unlawful disclosure of classified information. See section 798 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 46a, act May 13, 1950, ch. 185, §1, 64 Stat. 159, defined terms for use in this chapter.

Section 46b, act May 13, 1950, ch. 185, §3, 64 Stat. 160, related to penalties for improper disclosure.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Savings Provision

Section 56(l) of act Oct. 31, 1951, provided that the repeal of sections 46 to 46b shall not affect any rights or liabilities existing hereunder on Oct. 31, 1951.
50 U.S.C. § 3744 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 48: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION / Subchapter III: RECURRING CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTS / Section 3744: Metrics for Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
Metrics for Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Defense shall implement metrics to measure the impact and effectiveness of activities of the Program to address threats arising from the proliferation of chemical, nuclear, and biological weapons and weapons-related materials, technologies, and expertise.

(Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XIII, §1344, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3606.)
50 U.S.C. § 4214 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 52: RESTITUTION FOR WORLD WAR II INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE-AMERICANS AND ALEUTS / Subchapter I: UNITED STATES CITIZENS OF JAPANESE ANCESTRY AND RESIDENT JAPANESE ALIENS / Section 4214: Trust Fund
Trust Fund
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

There is established in the Treasury of the United States the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund, which shall be administered by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(b) Investment of amounts in the Fund

Amounts in the Fund shall be invested in accordance with section 9702 of title 31.

(c) Uses of the Fund

Amounts in the Fund shall be available only for disbursement by the Attorney General under section 4215 of this title and by the Board under section 4216 of this title.

(d) Termination

The Fund shall terminate not later than the earlier of the date on which an amount has been expended from the Fund which is equal to the amount authorized to be appropriated to the Fund by subsection (e), and any income earned on such amount, or 10 years after August 10, 1988. If all of the amounts in the Fund have not been expended by the end of that 10-year period, investments of amounts in the Fund shall be liquidated and receipts thereof deposited in the Fund and all funds remaining in the Fund shall be deposited in the miscellaneous receipts account in the Treasury.

(e) Authorization of appropriations

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $1,650,000,000, of which not more than $500,000,000 may be appropriated for any fiscal year. Any amounts appropriated pursuant to this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 100–383, title I, §104, Aug. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 905; Pub. L. 102–371, §2, Sept. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 1167.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1989b–3 of the former Appendix to this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Amendments

1992—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–371 substituted "$1,650,000,000" for "$1,250,000,000".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Maximum Amount Authorized for Fund

Pub. L. 101–162, title II, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 996, provided that: "Subject to the provisions of section 104(e) of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 (Public Law 100–383; 50 U.S.C. App. 1989(b-3(e) [1989b–3(e)]) [now 50 U.S.C. 4214(e)], the maximum amount authorized under such section for any fiscal year is appropriated, from money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for each fiscal year beginning on or after October 1, 1990, to the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund established by section 104(a) of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 [50 U.S.C. 4214(a)], for payments to eligible individuals under section 105 of that Act [50 U.S.C. 4215]."
50 U.S.C. § 2021 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 38: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Subchapter II: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM / Section 2021: Contributions to fund
Contributions to fund
Status: in_force

(a) In general

(1) Definition

In this subsection, the term "revised annuity participant" means an individual who—

(A) on December 31, 2012—

(i) is not a participant;

(ii) is not performing qualifying service; and

(iii) has less than 5 years of qualifying service; and

(B) after December 31, 2012, becomes a participant performing qualifying service.

(2) Contributions

(A) In general

Except as provided in subsection (d), 7 percent of the basic pay received by a participant other than a revised annuity participant for any pay period shall be deducted and withheld from the pay of that participant and contributed to the fund.

(B) Revised annuity participants

Except as provided in subsection (d), 9.3 percent of the basic pay received by a revised annuity participant for any pay period shall be deducted and withheld from the pay of that revised annuity participant and contributed to the fund.

(3) Agency contributions

(A) In general

An amount equal to 7 percent of the basic pay received by a participant other than a revised annuity participant shall be contributed to the fund for a pay period for the participant from the appropriation or fund which is used for payment of the participant's basic pay.

(B) Revised annuity participants

An amount equal to 4.7 percent of the basic pay received by a revised annuity participant shall be contributed to the fund for a pay period for the revised annuity participant from the appropriation or fund which is used for payment of the revised annuity participant's basic pay.

(4) Deposits to the fund

The amounts deducted and withheld from basic pay, together with the amounts so contributed from the appropriation or fund, shall be deposited by the Director to the credit of the fund.

(b) Consent of participant to deductions from pay

Each participant shall be deemed to consent and agree to such deductions from basic pay, and payment less such deductions shall be a full and complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands whatsoever for all regular services during the period covered by such payment, except the right to the benefits to which the participant is entitled under this subchapter, notwithstanding any law, rule, or regulation affecting the individual's pay.

(c) Treatment of contributions after 35 years of service

(1) Accrual of interest

Amounts deducted and withheld from the basic pay of a participant under this section for pay periods after the first day of the first pay period beginning after the day on which the participant completes 35 years of creditable service computed under sections 2081 and 2082 of this title (excluding service credit for unused sick leave under section 2031(a)(2) of this title) shall accrue interest. Such interest shall accrue at the rate of 3 percent a year through December 31, 1984, and thereafter at the rate computed under section 8334(e) of title 5, and shall be compounded annually from the date on which the amount is so deducted and withheld until the date of the participant's retirement or death.

(2) Use of amounts withheld after 35 years of service

(A) Use for deposits due under section 2082(b)

Amounts described in paragraph (1), including interest accrued on such amounts, shall be applied upon the participant's retirement or death toward any deposit due under section 2082(b) of this title.

(B) Lump-sum payment

Any balance of such amounts not so required for such a deposit shall be refunded to the participant in a lump sum after the participant's separation (or, in the event of a death in service, to a beneficiary in order of precedence specified in section 2071(c) of this title), subject to prior notification of a current spouse, if any, unless the participant establishes to the satisfaction of the Director, in accordance with regulations which the Director may prescribe, that the participant does not know, and has taken all reasonable steps to determine, the whereabouts of the current spouse.

(C) Purchases of additional elective benefits

In lieu of such a lump-sum payment, the participant may use such amounts—

(i) to purchase an additional annuity in accordance with section 2121 of this title; or

(ii) provide any additional survivor benefit for a current or former spouse or spouses.

(d) Offset for social security taxes

(1) Persons covered

In the case of a participant who was a participant subject to this subchapter before January 1, 1984, and whose service—

(A) is employment for the purposes of title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and chapter 21 of title 26, and

(B) is not creditable service for any purpose under subchapter III of this chapter or chapter 84 of title 5,

there shall be deducted and withheld from the basic pay of the participant under this section during any pay period only the amount computed under paragraph (2).

(2) Reduction in contribution

The amount deducted and withheld from the basic pay of a participant during any pay period pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be the excess of—

(A) the amount determined by multiplying the percent applicable to the participant under subsection (a) by the basic pay payable to the participant for that pay period, over

(B) the amount of the taxes deducted and withheld from such basic pay under section 3101(a) of title 26 (relating to old-age, survivors, and disability insurance) for that pay period.

(Pub. L. 88–643, title II, §211, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3202; amended Pub. L. 103–178, title II, §202(a)(3), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2026; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5003, Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title IX, §7901(d)(1), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1106.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(A), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 211 of Pub. L. 88–643, title II, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1045; Pub. L. 91–185, §1, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 847; Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, §611, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1153; Pub. L. 99–335, title V, §§501(2), 502, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 622, 623; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, related to compulsory contributions to the fund and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.

Amendments

2023—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted "section 2071(c)" for "subsection 2071(c)".

2012—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–96 added pars. (1) to (3), redesignated former par. (3) as (4), and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which related to participant's contributions and agency contributions, respectively.

1993—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–178 substituted "prior notification of a current spouse, if any, unless the participant establishes to the satisfaction of the Director, in accordance with regulations which the Director may prescribe, that the participant does not know, and has taken all reasonable steps to determine, the whereabouts of the current spouse" for "the requirement under section 2071(b)(4) of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–178 effective Feb. 1, 1993, see section 202(b) of Pub. L. 103–178, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective on first day of fourth month beginning after Oct. 24, 1992, see section 805 of Pub. L. 102–496, set out as a note under section 2001 of this title.

Temporary Adjustment of Contribution Levels

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(g)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–54, provided that: "Notwithstanding [former] section 211(a)(2) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2021(a)(2)), during the period beginning on October 1, 2002, through December 31, 2002, the Central Intelligence Agency shall contribute 7.5 percent of the basic pay of an employee participating in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System in lieu of the agency contribution otherwise required under section 211(a)(2) of such Act."

Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(c)(1), (2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 658, as amended by Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(c)(1)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–53, provided that:

"(1) Agency contributions.—Notwithstanding [former] section 211(a)(2) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2021(a)(2)), during the period beginning on October 1, 1997, through September 30, 2002, the Central Intelligence Agency shall contribute 8.51 percent of the basic pay of an employee participating in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System in lieu of the agency contribution otherwise required under section 211(a)(2) of such Act.

"(2) Individual deductions, withholdings, and deposits.—Notwithstanding [former] section 211(a)(1) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2021(a)(1)) beginning on January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000, the percentage deducted and withheld from the basic pay of an employee participating in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System shall be as follows:

 

   

 
7.25 
January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999.

 
7.4 
January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000."
50 U.S.C. § 3514 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 46: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY / Section 3514: Retirement equity for spouses of certain employees
Retirement equity for spouses of certain employees
Status: in_force

(a) Manner and extent of applicability

The provisions of sections 2002, 2031(b)(1)–(3), 2031(f), 2031(g), 2031(i)(2), 2031(j), 2031(m), 2032, 2033, 2034, 2035, 2052(b), 2071(b), 2071(d), and 2094(b) of this title establishing certain requirements, limitations, rights, entitlements, and benefits relating to retirement annuities, survivor benefits, and lump-sum payments for a spouse or former spouse of an Agency employee who is a participant in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System shall apply in the same manner and to the same extent in the case of an Agency employee who is a participant in the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System.

(b) Regulations

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to implement the provisions of this section.

(June 20, 1949, ch. 227, §14, as added Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, §612, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1154; amended Pub. L. 99–569, title III, §302(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3194; Pub. L. 100–178, title IV, §§401(b), 402(b)(3), Dec. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 1013, 1014; Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §803(a)(1), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3251; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1071(b)(3)(A), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3690; Pub. L. 116–92, div. E, title LXII, §6202(a)(2)(B), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2185.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 403n of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers of this title referenced in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections prior to their editorial reclassification.

Amendments

2019—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "2031(i)(2), 2031(j), 2031(m)," for "2031(h)(2), 2031(i), 2031(l),".

2004—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–458 substituted "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency" for "Director of Central Intelligence".

1992—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–496 substituted references to sections 2002, 2031 to 2035, 2052, 2071, and 2094 of this title for references in original to sections 204, 221 to 225, 232, 234 and 263 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees which were formerly set out in a note under section 403 of this title.

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–178, §402(b)(3), inserted "232(b)," before "234(c), 234(d),".

Pub. L. 100–178, §401(b), inserted "225," after "223, 224,".

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–569 inserted "224," after "223,".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out in an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–496 effective on first day of fourth month beginning after Oct. 24, 1992, see section 805 of Pub. L. 102–496, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–178 effective Nov. 15, 1982, but not to be construed to require forfeiture by any individual of benefits received before Dec. 2, 1987, nor to require reduction in level of benefits received by any individual who was receiving benefits under section 232 of Pub. L. 88–643 before Dec. 2, 1987, see section 402(c)–(e) of Pub. L. 100–178, set out as an Effective Date of Amendments to Pub. L. 88–643 Prior to Enactment of Pub. L. 102–496 note under section 2001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1986 Amendment

Pub. L. 99–569, title III, §302(d), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3194, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and provisions formerly set out as a note under section 403 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1986."

Effective Date

Section effective Nov. 15, 1982, see section 613 of Pub. L. 97–269 set out as an Effective Date of Amendments to Pub. L. 88–643 Prior to Enactment of Pub. L. 102–496 note under section 2001 of this title.
50 U.S.C. § 3510a (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 46: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY / Section 3510a: Availability of appropriations for construction projects
Availability of appropriations for construction projects
Status: in_force

During the current fiscal year and thereafter, funds appropriated for construction projects of the Central Intelligence Agency, which are transferred to another Agency for execution, shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8104, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1463.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified as a note under section 403j of this title prior to editorial reclassification as this section.

Section was enacted as part of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1994, and not as part of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 which comprises this chapter.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9030, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1907.

Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8030, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1177.

Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8031, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1881.

Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, §9042, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1137.

Pub. L. 100–463, title VIII, §8074, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2270–29.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(b) [title VIII, §8095], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–43, 1329–79.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title IX, §9130], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–128; Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title IX, §9130], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–128.
50 U.S.C. § 2001 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 38: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY / Subchapter I: DEFINITIONS / Section 2001: Definitions relating to the system
Definitions relating to the system
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter:

(1) Agency

The term "Agency" means the Central Intelligence Agency.

(2) Director

The term "Director" means the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

(3) Qualifying service

The term "qualifying service" means service determined by the Director to have been performed in carrying out duties described in section 2013 of this title.

(4) Fund balance

The term "fund balance" means the sum of—

(A) the investments of the fund calculated at par value; and

(B) the cash balance of the fund on the books of the Treasury.

(5) Unfunded liability

The term "unfunded liability" means the estimated amount by which—

(A) the present value of all benefits payable from the fund exceeds

(B) the sum of—

(i) the present value of deductions to be withheld from the future basic pay of participants subject to subchapter II and of future Agency contributions to be made on the behalf of such participants;

(ii) the present value of Government payments to the fund under sections 2091(c) and 2091(d) of this title; and

(iii) the fund balance as of the date on which the unfunded liability is determined.

(6) Normal cost

The term "normal cost" means the level percentage of payroll required to be deposited in the fund to meet the cost of benefits payable under the system (computed in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practice on an entry-age basis) less the value of retirement benefits earned under another retirement system for government employees and less the cost of credit allowed for military service.

(7) Lump-sum credit

The term "lump-sum credit" means the unrefunded amount consisting of retirement deductions made from a participant's basic pay and amounts deposited by a participant covering earlier service, including any amounts deposited under section 2082(h) of this title.

(8) Congressional intelligence committees

The term "congressional intelligence committees" means the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

(9) Employee

The term "employee" includes an officer of the Agency.

(Pub. L. 88–643, title I, §101, as added Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3197; amended Pub. L. 103–178, title II, §202(a)(1), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2025; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1071(c), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3691.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 101 of Pub. L. 88–643, title I, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1043, provided a short title for Pub. L. 88–643 as the "Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees" and was set out as a note under section 403 of this title prior to the general amendment of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 802 of Pub. L. 102–496.

Amendments

2004—Par. (2). Pub. L. 108–458 added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: "The term 'Director' means the Director of Central Intelligence."

1993—Par. (7). Pub. L. 103–178 substituted "basic pay and amounts deposited" for "basic pay, amounts deposited" and struck out ", and interest determined under section 2121 of this title" after "section 2082(h) of this title".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out in an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–178, title II, §202(b), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2027, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 2011, 2021, 2031, 2032, 2034, 2035, 2051, 2052, 2054, 2071, 2094, 2095, 2131, and 2154 of this title] shall take effect as of February 1, 1993."

Effective Date

Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §805, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3254, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 802 and 803 [enacting this chapter and amending sections 3514, 3518, 3519, and 3607 of this title, sections 8347 and 8423 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and section 1605 of Title 10, Armed Forces] shall take effect on the first day of the fourth month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 24, 1992]."

Effective Date of Amendments to Pub. L. 88–643 Prior to Enactment of Pub. L. 102–496

Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §302(d), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1263, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending sections 204(b)(3), 221(c)–(e), and 232(c)–(e) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect on the first day of the fourth month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1991] and shall apply with respect to annuities payable to children by reason of the death of a participant or annuitant on or after that date."

Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §303(b), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1264, provided that: "(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 221(p)–(r) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect on the first day of the fourth month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1991].

"(2)(A) The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [enacting section 221(q) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall apply with respect to participants and former participants regardless of whether they retire before, on, or after the effective date specified in paragraph (1), except that paragraph (1)(A) of section 221(q) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees (as added by subsection (a)(2)) shall apply only with respect to participants who retire on or after that effective date.

"(B) In applying the provisions of paragraph (1)(B) of section 221(q) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees (as added by subsection (a)(2)) to a participant or former participant who retires before the effective date specified in paragraph (1)—

"(i) the 18-month period referred to in that paragraph shall be considered to begin on the effective date specified in paragraph (1); and

"(ii) the amount referred to in paragraph (2) of that section (as added by subsection (a)(2)) shall be computed without regard to the provisions of subparagraph (B)(ii) of such paragraph (relating to interest)."

Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §306(c), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1265, provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending section 226(a) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall be deemed to have become effective as of September 30, 1990, and shall apply in the case of annuitants whose divorce occurs on or after that date.

"(2) The amendments made by subsections (a)(2) and (a)(3) [amending section 226(a) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall be deemed to have become effective as of September 29, 1988."

Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §309(b), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1266, provided that: "Subsection (h) of section 304 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643], as added by subsection (a), shall be deemed to have become effective as of December 2, 1987."

Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §310(b), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1267, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 204(b)(4) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall apply only to a former husband or wife of a participant or former participant whose divorce from the participant or former participant becomes final after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1991]."

Pub. L. 102–88, title III, §305(b), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 432, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending sections 221, 222, and 232 of Pub. L. 88–643] relating to widows or widowers shall apply in the case of a surviving spouse's remarriage occurring on or after July 27, 1989, and with respect to periods beginning after such date.

"(2) The amendments made by subsection (a) relating to former spouses shall apply with respect to any former spouse whose remarriage occurs after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 1991]."

Amendment by section 307 of Pub. L. 102–88 (amending sections 224 and 225 of Pub. L. 88–643) effective as of Oct. 1, 1990, and no benefits provided pursuant to such amendment to be payable with respect to any period before such date, see section 307(d) of Pub. L. 102–88, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 3516 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–193, title III, §304(b), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1703, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending section 224(a)(2) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall be effective as of October 1, 1986."

Pub. L. 100–453, title III, §302(b)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1907, provided that: "The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending section 224 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect as of October 1, 1986."

Pub. L. 100–453, title III, §302(c)(2), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1907, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending section 225(a) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect as of December 2, 1987."

Pub. L. 100–453, title III, §302(d)(3), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1907, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending section 221(n), (p) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall apply to marriages which occur on or after May 7, 1985."

Pub. L. 100–178, title IV, §402(c)–(e), Dec. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 1014, provided that:

"(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending section 3514 of this title and sections 221(o)(2), 232(b), and 304 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect on November 15, 1982, the effective date of the Central Intelligence Agency Spouses' Retirement Equity Act of 1982.

"(2) The amendment made by subsection (b)(2) [amending section 304 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect on January 1, 1987, the effective date of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986.

"(d) Nothing in this section or any amendment made by this section shall be construed to require the forfeiture by any individual of benefits received before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 2, 1987].

"(e) Nothing in this section or any amendment made by this section shall be construed to require a reduction in the level of benefits received by any individual who was receiving benefits under section 232 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643] before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 2, 1987]".

Amendment by section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–569 (enacting section 224 of Pub. L. 88–643) effective Oct. 1, 1986, see section 302(d) of Pub. L. 99–569, set out as an Effective Date of 1986 Amendment note under section 3514 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, §613, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1154, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, this title [enacting section 3514 of this title and sections 222 and 223 of Pub. L. 88–643 and amending sections 204, 211, 221, 234, and 263 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall take effect on November 15, 1982.

"(b) The provisions of section 222(a) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643], as added by this title, regarding the rights of former spouses to an annuity shall apply in the case of any individual who after the effective date of this title [Nov. 15, 1982] becomes a former spouse of an individual who separates from service with the Agency after such date.

"(c) Except to the extent provided in section 223 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643], the provisions of section 221(b) (as amended by this title) and the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of section 222 of such Act, as added by this title, regarding the rights of former spouses to receive survivor annuities shall apply in the case of any individual who after the effective date of this title [Nov. 15, 1982] becomes a former spouse of a participant or former participant in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System."

Pub. L. 94–522, title II, §215, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2472, provided that:

"(a) This Act [amending Pub. L. 88–643] shall become effective October 1, 1976.

"(b) The amendments made by sections 201(a), (b), (c), and (d), 202, and 208 [amending sections 204(a), (b)(2), (3)(i), 221(b) and 232(b) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall not apply in the case of participants who died before January 8, 1971. The amendments made by section 201(e) [amending section 204 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall not apply in the case of participants who died before April 9, 1974. The rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such amendments had not been enacted.

"(c) The amendment made by section 203 [enacting section 221(f)(2) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall apply to a participant who married prior to enactment [Oct. 17, 1976] but only if the election is made within one year after enactment [Oct. 17, 1976].

"(d) The amendment made by section 210 [amending section 251 of Pub. L. 88–643] is effective only with respect to annuity accruing for full months beginning after January 8, 1971; but any part of a period of separation referred to in such amendment in which the participant or former participant was receiving benefits under chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code or any earlier statute on which such chapter is based shall be counted whether the person returns to duty before, on, or after January 8, 1971. With respect to any person retired before such date of enactment, any such part of a period of separation shall be counted only upon application of the retired person.

"(e) The amendment in section 211 [amending section 252(a)(2) of Pub. L. 88–643] to credit certain service in the Public Health Service is effective as of April 8, 1960, and the amendment to credit certain service in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is effective as of September 14, 1961.

"(f) The amendment in section 212 [enacting section 264 of Pub. L. 88–643] is effective as of June 30, 1974.

"(g) The amendment to recompute a reduced annuity during periods when not married in section 202 [amending section 221(b) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1976], but no increase in annuity shall be paid for any period prior to November 1, 1974.

"(h) Annuity increases under sections 204 [enacting section 221(l) of Pub. L. 88–643] and 214 [set out below] shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1976], but no increase in annuity shall be paid for any period prior to August 1, 1974, or the date on which the annuity commences, whichever is later."

Pub. L. 93–210, §1(b), Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 908, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 291(b) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall apply only with respect to annuities which commence on or after July 2, 1973."

Pub. L. 91–185, §6, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 849, provided that:

"(a) The amendments made by section 1 [amending section 211(a) of Pub. L. 88–643, set out above] shall become effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period beginning after December 31, 1969.

"(b) The amendments made by sections 3, 4 [amending sections 231(a) and 232(h) of Pub. L. 88–643], and 2 [amending section 221 of Pub. L. 88–643], with the exception of 2(c) [amending subsec. (c) thereof], shall become effective October 20, 1969.

"(c) The amendments made by sections 2(c) and 5 [amending sections 221(c) and 291 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall become effective November 1, 1969.

"(d) The amendments made by sections 2(a), 2(e), 3, and 4(a)(1)–(2) [amending section 221(a), adding section 221(h), and amending sections 231(a) and 232(b) of Pub. L. 88–643] shall not apply in the cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to October 20, 1969, and the rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such sections had not been enacted."

Short Title of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–36, §1, June 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 104, provided that: "This Act [amending section 2053 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 403–4 of this title] may be cited as the 'Central Intelligence Agency Voluntary Separation Pay Act'."

Short Title of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §801, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3196, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter, amending sections 403n, 403r, 403r–1, and 403s of this title, sections 8347 and 8423 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, section 1605 of Title 10, Armed Forces and sections 4071b to 4071d of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 402 of this title] may be cited as the 'CIARDS Technical Corrections Act of 1992'."

Short Title of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–269, title VI, §601, Sept. 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 1145, provided that: "This title [enacting section 403n of this title and amending Pub. L. 88–643] may be cited as the 'Central Intelligence Agency Spouses' Retirement Equity Act of 1982'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–643, §1(a), as added by Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3196, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act'."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §804, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3253, provided that:

"(a) Prior Elections.—Any election made under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643 prior to enactment of Pub. L. 102–496, formerly set out as a note under section 403 of this title] before the effective date specified in section 805 [set out as an Effective Date note above] shall not be affected by the amendment made by section 802 [enacting this chapter] and shall be deemed to have been made under the corresponding provision of that Act as restated by section 802 as the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act.

"(b) References.—Any reference in any other Act, or in any Executive order, rule, or regulation, to the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, or to a provision of that Act, shall be deemed to refer to that Act and to the corresponding provision of that Act, as restated by section 802 as the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act."

Funding Requirements for Amendments to Pub. L. 88–643 Prior to Enactment of Pub. L. 102–496

Pub. L. 100–453, title III, §302(e), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1907, provided that: "Any new spending authority (within the meaning of section 401(c) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 651(c)]) provided pursuant to the amendments made by this section [enacting section 226 and amending sections 221, 224, and 225 of Pub. L. 88–643] shall be effective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriations Acts."

For provision that any new spending authority (within the meaning of section 401(c) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974) provided pursuant to the amendments made to sections 224 and 225 of Pub. L. 88–643 by section 307 of Pub. L. 102–88 be effective for any fiscal year only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, see section 307(c) of Pub. L. 102–88, set out as a Compliance With Budget Act note under section 3516 of this title.

Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund; Annuity Increase Payment; Monthly Rate

Pub. L. 94–522, title II, §214, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2472, provided that:

"(a) An annuity payable from the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund to an annuitant which is based on a separation occurring prior to October 20, 1969, is increased by $240 per annum.

"(b) In lieu of any increase based on an increase under subsection (a) of this section, an annuity payable from the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability Fund to the surviving spouse of an annuitant, which is based on a separation occurring prior to October 20, 1969, shall be increased by $132 per annum.

"(c) The monthly rate of an annuity resulting from an increase under this section shall be considered as the monthly rate of annuity payable under section 221(a) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, as amended (78 Stat. 1043; 50 U.S.C. 403 note) [section 221 of Pub. L. 88–643 prior to enactment of Pub. L. 102–496; see 50 U.S.C. 2031(a)] for purposes of computing the minimum annuity under new section 221(l) of the Act, as added by section 204 of this Act."

Temporary Retirement Contributions and Procedures for Certain Participants

For temporary provisions providing modified contributions and procedures for officers and employees participating in the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System who are also required to pay employment taxes relating to benefits under title II of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. 401 et seq., until they are covered by a new Government retirement system or Jan. 1, 1986, whichever is earlier, see title II of Pub. L. 98–168, set out as a note under section 8331 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Contingent Once-a-Year Adjustment in Annuities

For provisions which directed the President, subject to certain conditions, to provide for a single cost-of-living adjustment in the annuities paid under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643] during the period Sept. 1, 1980, to Aug. 31, 1981, and which further directed that, subject to the enactment of specified legislation providing for the adjustment of annuities paid under section 8331 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, the President exercise the authority vested in him under section 292 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [Pub. L. 88–643] to provide for cost-of-living adjustments in the annuities paid under that Act on an identical basis, see Pub. L. 96–342, title VIII, §812(a)(3), (4), (b)(3), (4), (c), Sept. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1098, set out as a note under section 1401a of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Executive Documents

Executive Order No. 11950

Ex. Ord. No. 11950, Jan. 6, 1977, 42 F.R. 1451, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with respect to cost of living increases in annuities when there were increases in the price index.

Executive Order No. 12023

Ex. Ord. No. 12023, Dec. 1, 1977, 42 F.R. 61443, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with regard to allotments or assignments of moneys by annuitants.

Executive Order No. 12197

Ex. Ord. No. 12197, Mar. 5, 1980, 45 F.R. 14833, conformed Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System to amendments to Civil Service Retirement and Disability System with regard to restoration of previously reduced annuities.

Executive Order No. 12253

Ex. Ord. No. 12253, Nov. 25, 1980, 45 F.R. 78995, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with regard to definition of "dependent".

Executive Order No. 12273

Ex. Ord. No. 12273, Jan. 16, 1981, 46 F.R. 5854, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with regard to cost-of-living increases to annuities.

Executive Order No. 12326

Ex. Ord. No. 12326, Sept. 30, 1981, 46 F.R. 48889, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12443, Sept. 27, 1983, 48 F.R. 44751, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with regard to notification of loss or reduction of survivor benefits, computation of annuities, cost-of-living increases, accuracy of information, and withholding of State income tax.

Executive Order No. 12443

Ex. Ord. No. 12443, Sept. 27, 1983, 48 F.R. 44751, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with regard to restoration of disability retirement annuities, entitlement to and computation and payment of annuities, accuracy of information, and adjustments in amounts.

Executive Order No. 12485

Ex. Ord. No. 12485, July 13, 1984, 49 F.R. 28827, conformed Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System and Civil Service Retirement and Disability System with regard to prior service credit.

Executive Order No. 12684

Ex. Ord. No. 12684, July 27, 1989, 54 F.R. 31643, conformed Central Intelligence Agency and Civil Service Retirement and Disability Systems with regard to considering part-time service in computing annuities and remarriage of surviving spouses.
50 U.S.C. § 432 (2024) — Title 50: WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE / Chapter 15: NATIONAL SECURITY / Subchapter V: PROTECTION OF OPERATIONAL FILES / Section 432: Transferred
Transferred
Status: transferred

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section 432, comprising section 702 of the National Security Act of 1947, act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, was editorially reclassified as section 3142 of this title.