7 U.S.C. § 2041 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 52: FARM LABOR CONTRACTOR REGISTRATION / Section 2041: Repealed. Pub. L. 97-470, title V, §523, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2600
Repealed. Pub. L. 97-470, title V, §523, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2600
Status: repealed

Section 2041, Pub. L. 88–582, §2, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 920; Pub. L. 93–518, §11(d), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1656, declared congressional policy for enactment of Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act of 1963.

Section 2042, Pub. L. 88–582, §3, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 920; Pub. L. 93–518, §§2, 3, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1652, 1653; Pub. L. 94–259, §2, Apr. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 94–561, §6, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2644; Pub. L. 95–562, §4, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 2382, defined terms used in Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act of 1963.

Section 2043, Pub. L. 88–582, §4, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 921; Pub. L. 93–518, §4, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1653, related to certificates of registration, regular employees of farm contractors, and period of denial of Federal Employment Service.

Section 2044, Pub. L. 88–582, §5, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 921; Pub. L. 93–518, §§5–8, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1653–1655, provided for issuance of certificates of registration, covering in: subsec. (a), persons qualified; subsec. (b), refusal to issue certificates, suspension, revocation, and refusal to renew; subsec. (c), transfer or assignment of certificates, period of effectiveness, and renewal; and subsec. (d), change of address notice, public central registry, and documentation of vehicles for transportation and real property for housing of migrant workers.

Section 2045, Pub. L. 88–582, §6, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 922; Pub. L. 93–518, §§9, 10, 11(a)–(c), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1655, 1656, related to obligations and prohibitions.

Section 2046, Pub. L. 88–582, §7, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 923; Pub. L. 93–518, §12, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1656, provided for authorization to obtain information, hearings or investigations, subpenas, oaths or affirmations, evidence, application of sections 49 and 50 of title 15, identity confidentiality, and purpose of enforcement.

Section 2047, Pub. L. 88–582, §8, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 923, authorized Secretary to enter into agreements with Federal and State agencies.

Section 2048, Pub. L. 88–582, §9, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924; Pub. L. 93–518, §13, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1656, related to penalties, covering in: subsec. (a), criminal penalties for violation of chapter, preparation of an annual report, and inclusion of enforcement activities; subsec. (b), civil penalties for violation of chapter or regulations, separate violations, assessment procedures, notice and hearing, agency and judicial review, substantial evidence, actions for recovery of assessments, finality of orders, and payment of collections into the Treasury; and subsec. (c), criminal penalties for section 2045(f) violations, including regulations, respecting failure to obtain, suspension, or revocation of certificates of registration.

Section 2049, Pub. L. 88–582, §10, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924, provided for applicability of Administrative Procedure Act.

Section 2050, Pub. L. 88–582, §11, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924, provided for judicial review of agency determinations and finality of judgment.

Section 2050a, Pub. L. 88–582, §12, as added Pub. L. 93–518, §14(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1657, provided, for civil relief, covering in: subsec. (a), Federal court jurisdiction; subsec. (b), representation of complainant, damages, and appeals; subsec. (c), injunctions; and subsec. (d), Solicitor of Labor representation of Secretary, and direction and control of Attorney General.

Section 2050b, Pub. L. 88–582, §13, as added Pub. L. 93–518, §14(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1658, provided for discrimination prohibition, limitations, investigations, appropriate civil relief, and back pay or damages.

Section 2050c, Pub. L. 88–582, §14, as added Pub. L. 93–518, §14(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1658, related to recordkeeping.

Section 2051, Pub. L. 88–582, §15, formerly §12, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924, renumbered Pub. L. 93–518, §14(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1657, required compliance with State laws and regulations.

Section 2052, Pub. L. 88–582, §16, formerly §13, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924, renumbered Pub. L. 93–518, §14(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1657, provided for separability of provisions.

Section 2053, Pub. L. 88–582, §17, formerly §14, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924, renumbered and amended Pub. L. 93–518, §§14(a), 16, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1657, 1659, authorized issuance of rules and regulations.

Section 2054, Pub. L. 88–582, §18, as added Pub. L. 93–518, §15, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1658, related to waiver of rights.

Section 2055, Pub. L. 88–582, §19, as added Pub. L. 93–518, §15, Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1659, provided for authorization of appropriations.

Editorial Notes

Subject matter of former sections 2041 to 2055 of this title is covered by Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act, chapter 20 (sections 1801 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor, as follows:

 

Former SectionsTitle 29 Sections

2041 
1801

2042(a) 
1802(9)

2042(b) 
1802(7)

2042(b)(1) 
1803(a)((3)(C)

2042(b)(2) 
1803(a)(1)

2042(b)(3) 
1803(a)(3)(I)

2042(b)(4) 
1803(a)(3)(D)

2042(b)(5) 
1802(8)(B)(ii), (10)(B)(iii)

2042(b)(6) 
1812 open. par.

2042(b)(7) 
1803(a)(3)(A), (I)

2042(b)(8), (9) 
1803(a)(3)(E), (F)

2042(b)10) 
1803(a)(3)(G)(i)

2042(c) 
1802(7)

2042(d), (e), (f) 
1802(3), (11), (12)

2042(g) 
1802(8)(A)

2043(a) 
1811(a), (c)

2043(b) 
See 1811(b)

2043(c) 
1842

2043(d) 
1811(d)

2044(a)(1) 
1812(1)

2044(a)(2) 
See 1841(b)(1)(C), (3), (c)(2)

2044(a)(3) 
1812(4)

2044(a)(4) 
1812(2), (3)

2044(a)(5) 
1812(5)

2044(b)(1) 
1813(a)(1)

2044(b)(2) 
1821(f), 1831(e)

2044(b)(3), (4) 
1822(c), 1832(c)

2044(b)(4) 
1822(c), 1832(c)

2044(b)(5) 
See 1841(b)(1)(C), (3), (c)(2)

2044(b)(6) 
1816(a)

2044(b)(7) 
1813(a)(5)

2044(b)(8) 
1841(b)(2)(C), (D), (3)

2044(b)(9) 
See 1811(b)

2044(b)(10) 
1813(a)(3)

2044(b)(11) 
1813(a)(2)

2044(b)(12) 
See 1812(2), (3)

2044(c) 
1814(a), (b)(1)

2044(d) 
1812(2), (3), 1815(1), 1842

2045(a) 
1811(c), (d)

2045(b) 
1821(a), (g), 1831(a), (f)

2045(b)(1) 
1821(a)(1), 1831(a)(1)(A)

2045(b)(2) 
1821(a)(3), 1831(a)(1)(C)

2045(b)(3) 
1821(a)(5), 1831(a)(1)(E)

2045(b)(4) 
1821(a)(2), 1831(a)(1)(B)

2045(b)(5) 
1821(a)(5), 1831(a)(1)(E)

2045(b)(6) 
1821(a)(4), 1831(a)(1)(D)

2045(b)(7) 
1821(a)(6), 1831(a)(1)(F)

2045(b)(8) 
1821(a)(7), 1831(a)(1)(G)

2045(c) 
1821(b), 1831(b)

2045(d) 
1821(c)

2045(e) 
1821(d), (e), (g), 1831(c), (d), (f)

2045(f) 
1816(a)

2045(g) 
1822(a), 1832(a)

2045(h) 
1822(b), 1832(b)

2046 
1862(a), (b)

2047 
1863(a)

2048(a) 
1851(a)

2048(b)(1), (2) 
1853(a)(1), (b)(1)

2048(b)(3)–(5) 
1853(c)–(e)

2048(c) 
1851(b)

2049 
See 1861

2050 
1813(c)

2050a(a) 
1854(a)

2050a(b) 
1854(b), (c)(1), (3)

2050a(c) 
1852(a)

2050a(d) 
1852(b)

2050b 
1855

2050c 
See 1821, 1831

2051 
1871

2052 
Omitted

2053 
1861

2054 
1856

2055 
Omitted

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective 90 days from Jan. 14, 1983, see section 524 of Pub. L. 97–470, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1801 of Title 29, Labor.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 97–470, title V, §523, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2600, repealed Pub. L. 88–582, §15, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 924, which had prescribed Jan. 1, 1965, as the effective date for this chapter.

Short Title of 1974 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–518, §1(a), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1652, which had enacted sections 2050a to 2050c, 2054, and 2055 and amended sections 2041 to 2046, 2048, and 2053 of this title, had provided for citation of such amendments as the "Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act Amendments of 1974".

Short Title

Pub. L. 97–470, title V, §523, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2600, repealed Pub. L. 88–582, §1, Sept. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 920, which had provided for citation of this chapter as the "Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act of 1963".
7 U.S.C. § 6012 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 89: PECAN PROMOTION AND RESEARCH / Section 6012: Suspension or termination of plan
Suspension or termination of plan
Status: in_force

(a) Mandatory suspension or termination

The Secretary shall, whenever the Secretary finds that the plan or any provision of the plan obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, terminate or suspend the operation of such plan or provision.

(b) Suspension or termination

If, as a result of any referendum conducted under this chapter, the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of a plan is favored by a majority of the growers, grower-shellers, and importers voting in the referendum, the Secretary shall—

(1) within 6 months after making such determination, suspend or terminate, as the case may be, collection of assessments under the plan; and

(2) suspend or terminate, as the case may be, activities under the plan in an orderly manner as soon as practicable.

(c) Limitation

The termination or suspension of any plan, or any provision thereof, shall not be considered a plan within the meaning of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1917, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3854.)
7 U.S.C. § 4816 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 79: PORK PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4816: Investigations
Investigations
Status: in_force

(a) Purposes

The Secretary may make such investigations as the Secretary considers necessary—

(1) for the effective administration of this chapter; or

(2) to determine whether a person subject to this chapter has engaged, or is about to engage, in an act that constitutes, or will constitute, a violation of this chapter or an order, rule, or regulation issued under this chapter.

(b) Oaths and affirmations; subpenas

(1) For the purpose of such investigation, the Secretary may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel their attendance, take evidence, and require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry.

(2) Such attendance of witnesses and the production of such records may be required from any place in the United States.

(c) Judicial enforcement; contempt proceedings; service of process

(1) In the case of contumacy, or refusal to obey a subpoena, by a person, the Secretary may invoke the aid of a court of the United States with jurisdiction over such investigation or proceeding, or where such person resides or does business, in requiring the attendance and testimony of such person and the production of such records.

(2) The court may issue an order requiring such person to appear before the Secretary to produce records or to give testimony touching the matter under investigation.

(3) A failure to obey an order issued under this section by the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof.

(4) Process in such case may be served in the judicial district in which such person is an inhabitant or wherever such person may be found.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1627, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1621.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1986, see section 1631 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 4801 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 361a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 361a: Congressional declaration of purpose; definitions
Congressional declaration of purpose; definitions
Status: in_force

It is the policy of Congress to continue the agricultural research at State agricultural experiment stations which has been encouraged and supported by the Hatch Act of 1887 [7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.], the Adams Act of 1906, the Purnell Act of 1925, the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935, and title I, section 9, of that Act as added by the Act of August 14, 1946, and Acts amendatory and supplementary thereto, and to promote the efficiency of such research by a codification and simplification of such laws. As used in this Act [7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.], the terms "State" or "States" are defined to include the several States (including the District of Columbia), Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands. As used in this Act [7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.], the term "State agricultural experiment station" means a department which shall have been established, under direction of the college or university or agricultural departments of the college or university in each State in accordance with an Act approved July 2, 1862, (12 Stat. 503), entitled "An Act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts" [7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.]; or such other substantially equivalent arrangements as any State shall determine.

(Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, §1, 24 Stat. 440; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §1, 69 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 92–318, title V, §506(k), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 93–471, title II, §208(e), Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1429; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §203(c)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 534.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Hatch Act of 1887, referred to in text, is act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, which is classified generally to sections 361a to 361i of this title. For complete classification of this act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below, and Tables.

The Adams Act of 1906, referred to in text, is act Mar. 16, 1906, ch. 951, 34 Stat. 63, which was classified to sections 361, 366, 369, 371, 373 to 376, 380, and 382 of this title, and was repealed by act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674. For complete classification of this Act to the Code prior to repeal, see Tables.

The Purnell Act of 1925, referred to in text, is act Feb. 24, 1925, ch. 308, 43 Stat. 970, which was classified to sections 361, 366, 370, 371, 373 to 376, 380, and 382 of this title, and was repealed by act Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §2, 69 Stat. 674. For complete classification of this Act to the Code prior to repeal, see Tables.

The Bankhead-Jones Act, referred to in text, is act June 29, 1935, ch. 338, 49 Stat. 436, also popularly known as the Agricultural Research Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1935 Amendment note under section 3101 of this title and Tables.

Title I, section 9, of that Act, referred to in text, was classified to section 427h of this title prior to repeal.

The Act approved July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503), referred to in text, is act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503, popularly known as the "Morrill Act" and also as the "First Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section 208 of Pub. L. 93–471, cited as a credit to this section, was renumbered section "209" by D.C. Law 1–36, §4, Nov. 1, 1975, 22 DCR 2911.

Section was formerly classified to section 362 of this title.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–185 struck out "Alaska, Hawaii," before "Puerto Rico" in second sentence.

1974—Pub. L. 93–471 defined "State" to include the District of Columbia.

1972—Pub. L. 92–318 defined "State" to include Guam and the Virgin Islands.

1955—Act Aug. 11, 1955, amended section generally to continue agricultural research at the agricultural experiment stations, to restate the declaration of purpose, and to insert definitions of "State" and "State agricultural experiment station." Former provisions which required division of appropriations between colleges of same state are now contained in section 361h of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–471 effective July 1, 1975, unless Pub. L. 93–471 repealed by District of Columbia Council after Jan. 2, 1975, and prior to July 1, 1975; or such amendment by Pub. L. 93–471, as amended by the District Council, also effective July 1, 1975, or some other date prescribed by the Council as authorized under provisions of section 407 of Pub. L. 93–471.

Effective Date of 1972 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–318 effective after June 30, 1970, see section 506(n) of Pub. L. 92–318, set out as an Effective Date note under section 326a of this title.

Short Title

Act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, §10, as added by Pub. L. 105–185, §3(b), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 526, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 361a to 361i of this title] may be cited as the 'Hatch Act of 1887'."

Arlington Estate

Besides the provisions establishing agricultural experiment stations, contained in act Mar. 2, 1887, a portion of the Arlington estate in the State of Virginia was set apart for experimental agricultural purposes by act April 18, 1900, ch. 243, 31 Stat. 135, and provisions for establishing and maintaining a general experimental farm and agricultural station thereon were made by the subsequent agricultural appropriation acts.

Executive Documents

Admission of Alaska and Hawaii to Statehood

Alaska was admitted into the Union on Jan. 3, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3269, Jan. 3, 1959, 24 F.R. 81, 73 Stat. c16, and Hawaii was admitted into the Union on Aug. 21, 1959, on issuance of Proc. No. 3309, Aug. 21, 1959, 24 F.R. 6868, 73 Stat. c74. For Alaska Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 85–508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. For Hawaii Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 86–3, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 4, set out as a note preceding section 491 of Title 48.
7 U.S.C. § 3361 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter XIV: INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INSULAR AREAS / Section 3361: Definition
Definition
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term "eligible institution" means an institution of higher education (as defined in section 1001(a) of title 20) in an insular area that has demonstrable capacity to carry out teaching and extension programs in the food and agricultural sciences.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1489, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7503, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 464.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Resident Instruction and Distance Education at Institutions of Higher Education in United States Insular Areas

Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7501(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 463, provided that: "It is the purpose of this subtitle [subtitle E (§7501–7506) of title VII of Pub. L. 107–171, enacting this subchapter and sections 7631 and 7719 of this title, amending sections 3103, 7715, and 7772 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3103 of this title] to promote and strengthen higher education in the food and agricultural sciences at institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))) that have demonstrable capacity to carry out teaching and extension programs in food and agricultural sciences and that are located in the insular areas of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, or the Republic of Palau by formulating and administering programs to enhance teaching programs in agriculture, natural resources, forestry, veterinary medicine, home economics, and disciplines closely allied to the food and agriculture production and delivery systems."
7 U.S.C. § 182 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 9: PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS / Subchapter I: GENERAL DEFINITIONS / Section 182: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter—

(1) The term "person" includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations;

(2) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture;

(3) The term "meat food products" means all products and byproducts of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry—if edible;

(4) The term "livestock" means cattle, sheep, swine, horses, mules, or goats—whether live or dead;

(5) The term "livestock products" means all products and byproducts (other than meats and meat food products) of the slaughtering and meat-packing industry derived in whole or in part from livestock;

(6) The term "poultry" means chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and other domestic fowl;

(7) The term "poultry product" means any product or byproduct of the business of slaughtering poultry and processing poultry after slaughter;

(8) The term "poultry grower" means any person engaged in the business of raising and caring for live poultry for slaughter by another, whether the poultry is owned by such person or by another, but not an employee of the owner of such poultry;

(9) The term "poultry growing arrangement" means any growout contract, marketing agreement, or other arrangement under which a poultry grower raises and cares for live poultry for delivery, in accord with another's instructions, for slaughter;

(10) The term "live poultry dealer" means any person engaged in the business of obtaining live poultry by purchase or under a poultry growing arrangement for the purpose of either slaughtering it or selling it for slaughter by another, if poultry is obtained by such person in commerce, or if poultry obtained by such person is sold or shipped in commerce, or if poultry products from poultry obtained by such person are sold or shipped in commerce; and

(11) The term "commerce" means commerce between any State, Territory, or possession, or the District of Columbia, and any place outside thereof; or between points within the same State, Territory, or possession, or the District of Columbia, but through any place outside thereof; or within any Territory or possession, or the District of Columbia.

(12) Swine contractor.—The term "swine contractor" means any person engaged in the business of obtaining swine under a swine production contract for the purpose of slaughtering the swine or selling the swine for slaughter, if—

(A) the swine is obtained by the person in commerce; or

(B) the swine (including products from the swine) obtained by the person is sold or shipped in commerce.

(13) Swine production contract.—The term "swine production contract" means any growout contract or other arrangement under which a swine production contract grower raises and cares for the swine in accordance with the instructions of another person.

(14) Swine production contract grower.—The term "swine production contract grower" means any person engaged in the business of raising and caring for swine in accordance with the instructions of another person.

(Aug. 15, 1921, ch. 64, title I, §2(a), 42 Stat. 159; Pub. L. 94–410, §3(c), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1249; Pub. L. 100–173, §2, Nov. 23, 1987, 101 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10502(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 509.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section is composed of subsec. (a) of section 2 of act Aug. 15, 1921. Subsec. (b) of section 2 is classified to section 183 of this title.

Amendments

2002—Pars. (12) to (14). Pub. L. 107–171 added pars. (12) to (14).

1987—Pars. (6) to (11). Pub. L. 100–173 added pars. (6) to (10) and redesignated former par. (6) as (11).

1976—Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 94–410 substituted "livestock" for "live stock" in par. (4) and for "live-stock" in par. (5).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–173, §12, Nov. 23, 1987, 101 Stat. 923, provided that: "This Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting sections 197 and 228b–1 to 228b–4 of this title, amending this section and sections 192, 209, 221, 223, 227, and 228a of this title, repealing sections 218 to 218d of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 181 and 227 of this title] shall take effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 23, 1987]."

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 94–410, §10, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1252, provided that: "Pending proceedings shall not be abated by reason of any provision of this Act [enacting sections 196 and 228a to 228c of this title and amending this section and sections 183, 191 to 193, 201, 204, 207, 209, 210, 212, 213, 228, and 229 of this title], but shall be disposed of pursuant to the provisions of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, as amended [this chapter], and the Act of July 12, 1943 [section 204 of this title], in effect immediately prior to the effective date of this Act [Sept. 13, 1976]."
7 U.S.C. § 1384 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1384: Repealed. Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, §1(3), 60 Stat. 866
Repealed. Aug. 7, 1946, ch. 770, §1(3), 60 Stat. 866
Status: repealed

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §384, 52 Stat. 68, related to reports to Congress by the Secretary of Agriculture.
7 U.S.C. § 304 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter I: COLLEGE-AID LAND APPROPRIATION / Section 304: Investment of proceeds of sale of land or scrip
Investment of proceeds of sale of land or scrip
Status: in_force

All moneys derived from the sale of lands as provided in section 302 of this title by the States to which lands are apportioned and from the sales of land scrip provided for in said section shall be invested in bonds of the United States or of the States or some other safe bonds; or the same may be invested by the States having no State bonds, in any manner after the legislatures of such States shall have assented thereto and engaged that such funds shall yield a fair and reasonable rate of return, to be fixed by the State legislatures, and that the principal thereof shall forever remain unimpaired: Provided, That the moneys so invested or loaned shall constitute a perpetual fund, the capital of which shall remain forever undiminished (except so far as may be provided in section 305 of this title), and the interest of which shall be inviolably appropriated, by each State which may take and claim the benefit of this subchapter, to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life.

(July 2, 1862, ch. 130, §4, 12 Stat. 504; Mar. 3, 1883, ch. 102, 22 Stat. 484; Apr. 13, 1926, ch. 130, 44 Stat. 247.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1926—Act Apr. 13, 1926, substituted "bonds" for "stocks" and "a fair and reasonable rate of return, to be fixed by the State Legislatures" for "not less than 5 per centum upon the amount so invested", before proviso.

1883—Act Mar. 3, 1883, inserted "or the same may be invested by the States having no State stocks, in any other manner after the legislatures of such States shall have assented thereto, and engaged that such funds shall" after "other safe stocks" and substituted "yield" for "yielding", "principal" for "capital" and "unimpaired" for "undiminished".
7 U.S.C. § 1359kk (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1359kk: Administration of tariff rate quotas
Administration of tariff rate quotas
Status: in_force

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2) and notwithstanding any other provision of law, at the beginning of the quota year, the Secretary shall establish the tariff-rate quotas for raw cane sugar and refined sugars at the minimum level necessary to comply with obligations under international trade agreements that have been approved by Congress.

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to specialty sugar.

(b) Adjustment

(1) Before April 1

Before April 1 of each fiscal year, if there is an emergency shortage of sugar in the United States market that is caused by a war, flood, hurricane, or other natural disaster, or other similar event as determined by the Secretary—

(A) the Secretary shall take action to increase the supply of sugar in accordance with sections 1359cc(b)(2) and 1359ee(b) of this title, including an increase in the tariff-rate quota for raw cane sugar to accommodate the reassignment to imports; and

(B) if there is still a shortage of sugar in the United States market, and marketing of domestic sugar has been maximized, and domestic raw cane sugar refining capacity has been maximized, the Secretary may increase the tariff-rate quota for refined sugars sufficient to accommodate the supply increase, if the further increase will not threaten to result in the forfeiture of sugar pledged as collateral for a loan under section 7272 of this title.

(2) On or after April 1

On or after April 1 of each fiscal year—

(A) the Secretary may take action to increase the supply of sugar in accordance with sections 1359cc(b)(2) and 1359ee(b) of this title, including an increase in the tariff-rate quota for raw cane sugar to accommodate the reassignment to imports; and

(B) if there is still a shortage of sugar in the United States market, and marketing of domestic sugar has been maximized, the Secretary may increase the tariff-rate quota for raw cane sugar if the further increase will not threaten to result in the forfeiture of sugar pledged as collateral for a loan under section 7272 of this title.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §359k, as added Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1403(j), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 988, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1403(j), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1717.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1359kk, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §359k, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1403, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 204, related to reallocation of sugar quota import shortfalls in 2002 through 2007 calendar years, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1403(i), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 988; Pub. L. 110–246, §4, title I, §1403(i), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1716, effective May 22, 2008.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 6615 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 95: RURAL REVITALIZATION THROUGH FORESTRY / Subchapter II: NATIONAL FOREST-DEPENDENT RURAL COMMUNITIES / Section 6615: Training and education
Training and education
Status: in_force

(a) Programs

In furtherance of an action plan, the Secretary may use the National Institute of Food and Agriculture and other appropriate agencies of the Department of Agriculture to develop and conduct education programs that assist businesses, elected or appointed officials, and individuals in rural communities to deal with the effects of a transition from being economically disadvantaged to economic diversification. These programs may include—

(1) community economic analysis and strategic planning;

(2) methods for improving and retooling enterprises now dependent on National Forest System land resources;

(3) methods for expanding enterprises and creating new economic opportunities by emphasizing economic opportunities in other industries or services not dependent on National Forest System land resources; and

(4) assistance in the evaluation, counseling, and enhancement of vocational skills, training in basic and remedial literacy skills, assistance in job seeking skills, and training in starting or operating a business enterprise.

(b) Existing educational and training programs

Insofar as practicable, the Secretary shall use existing Federal, State, and private education resources in carrying out these programs.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2377, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4048; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(3) [title III, §345(e)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–204; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(c)(26), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(c)(26), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2031.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(c)(26), substituted "National Institute of Food and Agriculture" for "Extension Service" in introductory provisions.

1999—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 106–113, which directed substitution of "National Forest System land resources" for "national forest resources" in pars. (3) and (4), was executed by making the substitution in pars. (2) and (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by section 7511(c)(26) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2302 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 56: UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES AFFECTING PRODUCERS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Section 2302: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this chapter:

(1) Agricultural products

The term "agricultural products" shall not include cotton or tobacco or their products.

(2)(2) 1 Association of producers

(A) In general

The term "association of producers" means any association of producers of agricultural products engaged in marketing, bargaining, shipping, or processing as defined in section 1141j(a) of title 12, or in section 291 of this title.

(B) Inclusion

The term "association of producers" includes an organization whose membership is exclusively limited to agricultural producers and dedicated to promoting the common interest and general welfare of producers of agricultural products.

(3)(3) 1 Handler

(A) In general

The term "handler" means any person engaged in the business or practice of (i) acquiring agricultural products from producers or associations of producers for processing or sale; or (ii) grading, packaging, handling, storing, or processing agricultural products received from producers or associations of producers; or (iii) contracting or negotiating contracts or other arrangements, written or oral, with or on behalf of producers or associations of producers with respect to the production or marketing of any agricultural product; or (iv) acting as an agent or broker for a handler in the performance of any function or act specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii).

(B) Exclusion

The term "handler" does not include a person, other than a packer (as defined in section 191 of this title), that provides custom feeding services for a producer.

(4) Producer

The term "producer" means a person engaged in the production of agricultural products as a farmer, planter, rancher, dairyman, fruit, vegetable, or nut grower.

(Pub. L. 90–288, §3, Apr. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 110–234, title XI, §11003, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XI, §11003, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2116.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §11003, in introductory provisions, substituted "In this chapter:" for "When used in this chapter—", redesignated subsecs. (e), (c), (a), and (b) as pars. (1) to (4), respectively, inserted par. headings, in pars. (2) and (3), inserted duplicate par. designations, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B), in par. (3), redesignated cls. (1) to (4) as (i) to (iv), respectively, in cl. (iv), substituted "clause (i), (ii), or (iii)" for "clause (1), (2), or (3) of this paragraph", and struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "The term 'person' includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, and associations."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

1 So in original.
7 U.S.C. § 3903 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 70: ANIMAL CANCER RESEARCH / Section 3903: Annual program review to achieve coordination with National Cancer Institute program
Annual program review to achieve coordination with National Cancer Institute program
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture and the Director of the National Institutes of Health shall annually review the research program conducted under this chapter in order to coordinate the program with the National Cancer Institute research program.

(Pub. L. 96–469, §4, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2235.)
7 U.S.C. § 2259 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2259: Market-inspection certificates as prima facie evidence
Market-inspection certificates as prima facie evidence
Status: in_force

Market-inspection certificates issued by authorized agents of the Department of Agriculture shall be received in all courts of the United States as prima facie evidence of the truth of the statements therein contained.

(Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title IV, §401(c), 58 Stat. 738.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944.

Section was formerly classified to section 575 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
7 U.S.C. § 2109 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 53: COTTON RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2109: Provisions applicable to amendments
Provisions applicable to amendments
Status: in_force

(a) Provisions applicable to amendments to orders

Except as provided in subsection (b), the provisions of this chapter applicable to orders shall be applicable to amendments to orders.

(b) Approval of amendments by cotton producers and importers

No amendment to an order issued under this chapter shall be effective unless the Secretary determines that—

(1) with respect to an amendment referred to in subsection (b) or (c) of section 2107 of this title, the amendment is approved by producers and importers of cotton as provided in such section; or

(2) with respect to any other amendment, that the amendment is approved by a majority of cotton producers and importers subject to the order voting in the referendum.

(c) Disapproval of any amendment to order not deemed to invalidate such order

The disapproval of any amendment to an order issued under this chapter shall not be deemed to invalidate such order.

(Pub. L. 89–502, §10, July 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 283; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1995, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3912; Pub. L. 102–237, title VIII, §808(a)(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1883.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1991—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "subsection (b) or (c) of section 2107" for "section 2107(b) or 2107(c)".

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The provisions of this chapter applicable to orders shall be applicable to amendments to orders."
7 U.S.C. § 8717 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter I: DIRECT PAYMENTS AND COUNTER-CYCLICAL PAYMENTS / Section 8717: Planting flexibility
Planting flexibility
Status: in_force

(a) Permitted crops

Subject to subsection (b), any commodity or crop may be planted on base acres on a farm.

(b) Limitations regarding certain commodities

(1) General limitation

The planting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) shall be prohibited on base acres unless the commodity, if planted, is destroyed before harvest.

(2) Treatment of trees and other perennials

The planting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) that is produced on a tree or other perennial plant shall be prohibited on base acres.

(3) Covered agricultural commodities

Paragraphs (1) and (2) apply to the following agricultural commodities:

(A) Fruits.

(B) Vegetables (other than mung beans and pulse crops).

(C) Wild rice.

(c) Exceptions

Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) shall not limit the planting of an agricultural commodity specified in paragraph (3) of that subsection—

(1) in any region in which there is a history of double-cropping of covered commodities with agricultural commodities specified in subsection (b)(3), as determined by the Secretary, in which case the double-cropping shall be permitted;

(2) on a farm that the Secretary determines has a history of planting agricultural commodities specified in subsection (b)(3) on base acres, except that direct payments and counter-cyclical payments shall be reduced by an acre for each acre planted to such an agricultural commodity; or

(3) by the producers on a farm that the Secretary determines has an established planting history of a specific agricultural commodity specified in subsection (b)(3), except that—

(A) the quantity planted may not exceed the average annual planting history of such agricultural commodity by the producers on the farm in the 1991 through 1995 or 1998 through 2001 crop years (excluding any crop year in which no plantings were made), as determined by the Secretary; and

(B) direct payments and counter-cyclical payments shall be reduced by an acre for each acre planted to such agricultural commodity.

(d) Planting transferability pilot project

(1) Pilot project authorized

Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and in addition to the exceptions provided in subsection (c), the Secretary shall carry out a pilot project to permit the planting of cucumbers, green peas, lima beans, pumpkins, snap beans, sweet corn, and tomatoes grown for processing on base acres during each of the 2009 through 2012 crop years.

(2) Pilot project States and acres

The number of base acres eligible during each crop year for the pilot project under paragraph (1) shall be—

(A) 9,000 acres in the State of Illinois;

(B) 9,000 acres in the State of Indiana;

(C) 1,000 acres in the State of Iowa;

(D) 9,000 acres in the State of Michigan;

(E) 34,000 acres in the State of Minnesota;

(F) 4,000 acres in the State of Ohio; and

(G) 9,000 acres in the State of Wisconsin.

(3) Contract and management requirements

To be eligible for selection to participate in the pilot project, the producers on a farm shall—

(A) demonstrate to the Secretary that the producers on the farm have entered into a contract to produce a crop of a commodity specified in paragraph (1) for processing;

(B) agree to produce the crop as part of a program of crop rotation on the farm to achieve agronomic and pest and disease management benefits; and

(C) provide evidence of the disposition of the crop.

(4) Temporary reduction in base acres

The base acres on a farm for a crop year shall be reduced by an acre for each acre planted under the pilot program.

(5) Duration of reductions

The reduction in the base acres of a farm for a crop year under paragraph (4) shall expire at the end of the crop year.

(6) Recalculation of base acres

(A) In general

If the Secretary recalculates base acres for a farm while the farm is included in the pilot project, the planting and production of a crop of a commodity specified in paragraph (1) on base acres for which a temporary reduction was made under this section shall be considered to be the same as the planting and production of a covered commodity.

(B) Prohibition

Nothing in this paragraph provides authority for the Secretary to recalculate base acres for a farm.

(7) Pilot impact evaluation

(A) In general

The Secretary shall periodically evaluate the pilot project conducted under this subsection to determine the effects of the pilot project on the supply and price of—

(i) fresh fruits and vegetables; and

(ii) fruits and vegetables for processing.

(B) Determination

An evaluation under subparagraph (A) shall include a determination as to whether—

(i) producers of fresh fruits and vegetables are being negatively impacted; and

(ii) existing production capacities are being supplanted.

(C) Report

As soon as practicable after conducting an evaluation under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes the results of the evaluation.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1107, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1107, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1679.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1380a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1380a: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Sections 1380a to 1380p of this title were effective only with respect to 1957 and 1958 rice crops.

Section 1380a, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380a, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 208, provided legislative findings for this part.

Section 1380b, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380b, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 208, related to effective date and termination of program.

Section 1380c, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380c, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 208, related to determination of primary market quota for rice.

Section 1380d, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380d, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 209, related to apportionment of the primary market quota by the Secretary among the States and among farms.

Section 1380e, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380e, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 209, provided that a farm operator to which a primary market quota applied could have such quota reviewed.

Section 1380f, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380f, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 209, related to price supports made available to cooperators on crops of rice.

Section 1380g, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380g, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 209, related to certificates issued to cooperators.

Section 1380h, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380h, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 210, related to inventory adjustment payments to persons owning rough rice located in continental United States, for purpose of facilitating transition from price support program formerly in effect.

Section 1380i, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380i, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 210, related to set-aside of certain rough and processed rice.

Section 1380j, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380j, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 210, related to exemptions from provisions of this part.

Section 1380k, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380k, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 210, related to rice processing restrictions.

Section 1380l, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380l, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 211, related to rice import restrictions.

Section 1380m, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380m, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 211, directed the Secretary to prescribe regulations governing the issuance, redemption, acquisition, use, transfer, and disposition of certificates.

Section 1380n, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380n, as added May 28, 1956, ch 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 211, related to penalties for violations of import and processing restrictions of this part or regulations prescribed by the Secretary for enforcing such provisions.

Section 1380o, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380o, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 211, related to reports and records.

Section 1380p, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §380p, as added May 28, 1956, ch. 327, title V, §501(3), 70 Stat. 211, defined "cooperator", "processing of rough rice", "processed rice", "United States", "exporter", "rough rice equivalent", and "import", for purposes of this part.
7 U.S.C. § 2008v (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2008v: Strategic economic and community development
Strategic economic and community development
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In the case of any program under this chapter or administered by the Secretary, acting through the rural development mission area, as determined by the Secretary (referred to in this section as a "covered program"), the Secretary shall give priority to an application for a project that, as determined and approved by the Secretary—

(1) meets the applicable eligibility requirements of this chapter or the other applicable authorizing law;

(2) will be carried out in a rural area; and

(3) supports the implementation of a strategic community investment plan described in subsection (d) on a multisectoral and multijurisdictional basis, to include considerations for improving and expanding broadband services as needed.

(b) Reserve

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary shall reserve not more than 15 percent of the funds made available for a fiscal year for covered programs for projects that support the implementation of a strategic community investment plan described in subsection (d) on a multisectoral and multijurisdictional basis.

(2) Period

Any funds reserved under paragraph (1) shall only be reserved for the 1-year period beginning on the date on which the funds were first made available, as determined by the Secretary.

(c) Approved applications

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (2), any applicant who submitted an application under a covered program that was approved before the date of enactment of this section 1 may amend the application to qualify for the funds reserved under subsection (b).

(2) Rural utilities

Any applicant who submitted an application under paragraph (2), (14), or (24) of section 1926(a) of this title, or section 1926a or 1932(b) of this title, that was approved by the Secretary before the date of enactment of this section 1 shall be eligible for the funds reserved under subsection (b)—

(A) on the same basis as an application submitted under this section; and

(B) until September 30, 2019.

(d) Strategic community investment plans

(1) In general

The Secretary shall provide assistance to rural communities in developing strategic community investment plans.

(2) Plans

A strategic community investment plan described in paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a variety of activities designed to facilitate the vision of a rural community for the future, including considerations for improving and expanding broadband services as needed;

(B) participation by multiple stakeholders, including local and regional partners;

(C) leverage of applicable regional resources;

(D) investment from strategic partners, such as—

(i) private organizations;

(ii) cooperatives;

(iii) other government entities;

(iv) Indian Tribes; and

(v) philanthropic organizations;

(E) clear objectives with the ability to establish measurable performance metrics;

(F) action steps for implementation; and

(G) any other elements necessary to ensure that the plan results in a comprehensive and strategic approach to rural economic development, as determined by the Secretary.

(3) Coordination

The Secretary shall coordinate with Indian Tribes and local, State, regional, and Federal partners to develop strategic community investment plans under this subsection.

(4) Authorization of appropriations

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, to remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §379H, as added Pub. L. 113–79, title VI, §6025, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 848; amended Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, §6401, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4756.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 113–79, which enacted this section and which was approved Feb. 7, 2014.

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to strategic economic and community development.

1 See References in Text note below.
7 U.S.C. § 9031 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter II: MARKETING LOANS / Section 9031: Availability of nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for loan commodities
Availability of nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for loan commodities
Status: in_force

(a) Definition of loan commodity

In this subchapter, the term "loan commodity" means wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, upland cotton, extra long staple cotton, long grain rice, medium grain rice, peanuts, soybeans, other oilseeds, graded wool, nongraded wool, mohair, honey, dry peas, lentils, small chickpeas, and large chickpeas.

(b) Nonrecourse loans available

(1) In general

For each of the 2014 through 2023 crops of each loan commodity, the Secretary shall make available to producers on a farm nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for loan commodities produced on the farm.

(2) Terms and conditions

The marketing assistance loans shall be made under terms and conditions that are prescribed by the Secretary and at the loan rate established under section 9032 of this title for the loan commodity.

(c) Eligible production

The producers on a farm shall be eligible for a marketing assistance loan under subsection (b) for any quantity of a loan commodity produced on the farm.

(d) Compliance with conservation and wetlands requirements

As a condition of the receipt of a marketing assistance loan under subsection (b), the producer shall comply with applicable conservation requirements under subtitle B of title XII of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3811 et seq.) and applicable wetland protection requirements under subtitle C of title XII of that Act (16 U.S.C. 3821 et seq.) during the term of the loan.

(e) Special rules for peanuts

(1) In general

This subsection shall apply only to producers of peanuts.

(2) Options for obtaining loan

A marketing assistance loan under this section, and loan deficiency payments under section 9035 of this title, may be obtained at the option of the producers on a farm through—

(A) a designated marketing association or marketing cooperative of producers that is approved by the Secretary; or

(B) the Farm Service Agency.

(3) Storage of loan peanuts

As a condition on the approval by the Secretary of an individual or entity to provide storage for peanuts for which a marketing assistance loan is made under this section, the individual or entity shall agree—

(A) to provide the storage on a nondiscriminatory basis; and

(B) to comply with such additional requirements as the Secretary considers appropriate to accomplish the purposes of this section and promote fairness in the administration of the benefits of this section.

(4) Storage, handling, and associated costs

(A) In general

To ensure proper storage of peanuts for which a loan is made under this section, the Secretary shall pay handling and other associated costs (other than storage costs) incurred at the time at which the peanuts are placed under loan, as determined by the Secretary.

(B) Redemption and forfeiture

The Secretary shall—

(i) require the repayment of handling and other associated costs paid under subparagraph (A) for all peanuts pledged as collateral for a loan that is redeemed under this section; and

(ii) pay storage, handling, and other associated costs for all peanuts pledged as collateral that are forfeited under this section.

(5) Marketing

A marketing association or cooperative may market peanuts for which a loan is made under this section in any manner that conforms to consumer needs, including the separation of peanuts by type and quality.

(6) Reimbursable agreements and payment of administrative expenses

The Secretary may implement any reimbursable agreements or provide for the payment of administrative expenses under this subsection only in a manner that is consistent with those activities in regard to other loan commodities.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1201, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 674; Pub. L. 115–334, title I, §1201(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4509.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Food Security Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 99–198, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1354. Subtitles B and C of title XII of the Act are classified generally to subchapters II (§3811 et seq.) and III (§3821 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 58 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1985 Amendment note set out under section 1281 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Provisions of law applicable to a loan commodity for the 2023 crop year pursuant to title I of Pub. L. 113–79 applicable to the 2024 crop year for that loan commodity, see section 102(c)(1) of Pub. L. 118–22, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "2023" for "2018".
7 U.S.C. § 4607 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 77: HONEY RESEARCH, PROMOTION, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4607: Permissive terms and provisions
Permissive terms and provisions
Status: in_force

(a) In general

On the recommendation of the Honey Board, and with the approval of the Secretary, an order issued pursuant to this chapter may contain one or more of the following provisions:

(1) Providing authority to exempt from the provisions of the order honey used for exporting and providing authority for the Honey Board to require satisfactory safeguards against improper use of such exemption.

(2) Providing that in a State with an existing marketing order with respect to honey, the objectives of which the Secretary determines are comparable to the program established under this chapter, there shall be paid to the Honey Board as provided in section 4608 of this title that portion of the national assessment which is above the State assessment, if any, actually paid on such honey.

(3) Providing for authority to designate different handler payment and reporting schedules to recognize differences in marketing practices and procedures.

(4) Providing that the Honey Board may convene from time to time working groups drawn from producers, honey handlers, importers, exporters, members of the wholesale or retail outlets for honey, or other members of the public to assist in the development of research and marketing programs for honey.

(5) Providing for authority to accumulate reserve funds from assessments collected pursuant to this chapter to permit an effective and continuous coordinated program of research, promotion, and consumer information, in years when the production and assessment income may be reduced, but the total reserve fund may not exceed the amount budgeted for one year's operation.

(6) Providing for the authority to use funds collected under this chapter with the approval of the Secretary for the development and expansion of honey and honey product sales in foreign markets.

(7) Providing for terms and conditions incidental to, and not inconsistent with, the terms and conditions specified in this chapter and necessary to effectuate the other provisions of such an order.

(8) If approved in a referendum conducted under this chapter, providing authority for the development of programs and related rules and regulations that will, with the approval of the Secretary, establish minimum purity standards for honey and honey products that are designed to maintain a positive and wholesome marketing image for honey and honey products.

(b) Inspection and monitoring system

(1) Inspection

Any program, rule, or regulation under subsection (a)(8) may provide for the inspection, by the Secretary, of honey and honey products being sold for domestic consumption in, or for export from, the United States.

(2) Monitoring system

The Honey Board may develop and recommend to the Secretary a system for monitoring the purity of honey and honey products being sold for domestic consumption in, or for export from, the United States, including a system for identifying adulterated honey.

(3) Coordination with other Federal agencies

The Secretary may coordinate, to the maximum extent practicable, with the head of any other Federal agency that has authority to ensure compliance with labeling or other requirements relating to the purity of honey and honey products concerning an enforcement action against any person that does not comply with a rule or regulation issued by any other Federal agency concerning the labeling or purity requirements of honey and honey products.

(4) Authority to issue regulations

The Secretary may issue such rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out this subsection.

(c) Voluntary quality assurance program

(1) In general

In addition to or independent of any program, rule, or regulation under subsection (b), the Honey Board, with the approval of the Secretary, may establish and carry out a voluntary quality assurance program concerning purity standards for honey and honey products.

(2) Components

The program may include—

(A) the establishment of an official Honey Board seal of approval to be displayed on honey and honey products of producers, handlers, and importers that participate in the voluntary program and are found to meet such standards of purity as are established under the program;

(B) actions to encourage producers, handlers, and importers to participate in the program;

(C) actions to encourage consumers to purchase honey and honey products bearing the official seal of approval; and

(D) periodic inspections by the Secretary, or other parties approved by the Secretary, of honey and honey products of producers, handlers, and importers that participate in the voluntary program.

(3) Display of seal of approval

To be eligible to display the official seal of approval established under paragraph (2)(A) on a honey or honey product, a producer, handler, or importer shall participate in the voluntary program under this subsection.

(d) Authority of Secretary

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Secretary shall have the authority to approve or disapprove the establishment of minimum purity standards, the inspection and monitoring system under subsection (b), and the voluntary quality assurance program under subsection (c).

(Pub. L. 98–590, §8, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3119; Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §605(g), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 596.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–185 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added par. (8) and subsecs. (b) to (d).
7 U.S.C. § 1901 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 48: HUMANE METHODS OF LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTER / Section 1901: Findings and declaration of policy
Findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

The Congress finds that the use of humane methods in the slaughter of livestock prevents needless suffering; results in safer and better working conditions for persons engaged in the slaughtering industry; brings about improvement of products and economies in slaughtering operations; and produces other benefits for producers, processors, and consumers which tend to expedite an orderly flow of livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States that the slaughtering of livestock and the handling of livestock in connection with slaughter shall be carried out only by humane methods.

(Pub. L. 85–765, §1, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 862.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

For citation of Pub. L. 95–445, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1069, as the "Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1978", see Short Title of 1978 Amendment note set out under section 601 of Title 21, Food and Drugs.

Enforcement of Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1958

Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10305, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 493, provided that:

"(a) Sense of Congress.—It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Agriculture should—

"(1) continue tracking the number of violations of Public Law 85–765 (7 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.; commonly known as the 'Humane Methods of Slaughter Act of 1958') and report the results and relevant trends annually to Congress; and

"(2) fully enforce Public Law 85–765 by ensuring that humane methods in the slaughter of livestock—

"(A) prevent needless suffering;

"(B) result in safer and better working conditions for persons engaged in slaughtering operations;

"(C) bring about improvement of products and economies in slaughtering operations; and

"(D) produce other benefits for producers, processors, and consumers that tend to expedite an orderly flow of livestock and livestock products in interstate and foreign commerce.

"(b) United States Policy.—It is the policy of the United States that the slaughtering of livestock and the handling of livestock in connection with slaughter shall be carried out only by humane methods, as provided by Public Law 85–765."

Commercial Transportation of Equine for Slaughter

Pub. L. 104–127, title IX, subtitle A, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1184, provided that:

"SEC. 901. FINDINGS.

"Because of the unique and special needs of equine being transported to slaughter, Congress finds that it is appropriate for the Secretary of Agriculture to issue guidelines for the regulation of the commercial transportation of equine for slaughter by persons regularly engaged in that activity within the United States.

"SEC. 902. DEFINITIONS.

"In this subtitle:

"(1) Commercial transportation.—The term 'commercial transportation' means the regular operation for profit of a transport business that uses trucks, tractors, trailers, or semitrailers, or any combination thereof, propelled or drawn by mechanical power on any highway or public road.

"(2) Equine for slaughter.—The term 'equine for slaughter' means any member of the Equidae family being transferred to a slaughter facility, including an assembly point, feedlot, or stockyard.

"(3) Person.—The term 'person'—

"(A) means any individual, partnership, corporation, or cooperative association that regularly engages in the commercial transportation of equine for slaughter; but

"(B) does not include any individual or other entity referred to in subparagraph (A) that occasionally transports equine for slaughter incidental to the principal activity of the individual or other entity in production agriculture.

"SEC. 903. REGULATION OF COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION OF EQUINE FOR SLAUGHTER.

"(a) In General.—Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of Agriculture may issue guidelines for the regulation of the commercial transportation of equine for slaughter by persons regularly engaged in that activity within the United States.

"(b) Issues for Review.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall review the food, water, and rest provided to equine for slaughter in transit, the segregation of stallions from other equine during transit, and such other issues as the Secretary considers appropriate.

"(c) Additional Authority.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Agriculture may—

"(1) require any person to maintain such records and reports as the Secretary considers necessary;

"(2) conduct such investigations and inspections as the Secretary considers necessary; and

"(3) establish and enforce appropriate and effective civil penalties.

"SEC. 904. LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY TO EQUINE FOR SLAUGHTER.

"Nothing in this subtitle authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to regulate the routine or regular transportation, to slaughter or elsewhere, of—

"(1) livestock other than equine; or

"(2) poultry.

"SEC. 905. EFFECTIVE DATE.

"This subtitle shall become effective on the first day of the first month that begins 30 days or more after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 4, 1996]."
7 U.S.C. § 27e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 27e: Repealed. Pub. L. 111-203, title VII, §725(g)(1)(A), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1694
Repealed. Pub. L. 111-203, title VII, §725(g)(1)(A), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1694
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title IV, §407], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–461, related to exclusion of covered swap agreements.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective on the later of 360 days after July 21, 2010, or, to the extent a provision of subtitle A (§§711–754) of title VII of Pub. L. 111–203 requires a rulemaking, not less than 60 days after publication of the final rule or regulation implementing such provision of subtitle A, see section 754 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1a of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 5621 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 87: EXPORT PROMOTION / Subchapter II: AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS / Section 5621: Direct credit sales program
Direct credit sales program
Status: in_force

(a) Short-term program

To promote the sale of agricultural commodities, the Commodity Credit Corporation may finance the commercial export sale of such commodities from privately owned stocks on credit terms for not to exceed a 3-year period.

(b) Intermediate-term program

Subject to subsection (c), to promote the sale of agricultural commodities the Commodity Credit Corporation may finance the commercial export sales of agricultural commodities from privately owned stocks on credit terms for a period of not less than 3 years nor in excess of 10 years in a manner that will directly benefit United States agricultural producers.

(c) Determinations

The Commodity Credit Corporation shall not finance an export sale under subsection (b) unless the Secretary determines that such sale will—

(1) develop, expand, or maintain the importing country as a foreign market, on a long-term basis, for the commercial sale and export of United States agricultural commodities, without displacing normal commercial sales;

(2) improve the capability of the importing country to purchase and use, on a long-term basis, United States agricultural commodities; or

(3) otherwise promote the export of United States agricultural commodities.

The reference in paragraphs (1) and (2) to "on a long-term basis" shall not apply in the case of determinations with respect to sales to the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

(d) Use of program

(1) General uses

The Commodity Credit Corporation may use export sales financing authorized under this section—

(A) to increase exports of agricultural commodities;

(B) to compete against foreign agricultural exports;

(C) to assist countries in meeting their food and fiber needs, particularly—

(i) developing countries; and

(ii) countries that are emerging markets that have committed to carry out, or are carrying out, policies that promote economic freedom, private domestic production of food commodities for domestic consumption, and the creation and expansion of efficient domestic markets for the purchase and sale of agricultural commodities; and

(D) for such other purposes as the Secretary determines appropriate consistent with the provisions of subsection (c).

(2) General restrictions

Export sales financing authorized under this section shall not be used for foreign aid, foreign policy, or debt rescheduling purposes. The provisions of the cargo preference laws shall not apply to export sales financed under this section.

(e) Terms of credit assistance

Any contract for the financing of exports by the Commodity Credit Corporation under this section shall include—

(1) a requirement that repayment shall be made in dollars with interest accruing thereon as determined appropriate by the Secretary; and

(2) a requirement, if the Secretary determines such requirement appropriate to protect the interests of the United States, that an initial payment be made by the purchaser at the time of sale or shipment of the agricultural commodity that is subject to the contract.

(f) Restrictions

The Commodity Credit Corporation may not make export sales financing authorized under this section available in connection with sales of an agricultural commodity to any country that the Secretary determines cannot adequately service the debt associated with such sale.

(Pub. L. 95–501, title II, §201, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3672; amended Pub. L. 102–511, title VII, §707(a)–(c), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3350, 3351; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §277(c)(2), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 979.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 201 of Pub. L. 95–501 enacted section 1707b of this title prior to the complete revision of Pub. L. 95–501 by Pub. L. 101–624.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (d)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "emerging markets" for "emerging democracies".

1992—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–511, §707(a), inserted sentence at end.

Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 102–511, §707(b), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "to assist countries, particularly developing countries, in meeting their food and fiber needs; and".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–511, §707(c), added subsec. (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Pub. L. 102–511, title VII, §707(d), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3351, required Secretary of Agriculture to issue final regulations to implement this section not later than 30 days after Oct. 24, 1992, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §276, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 977.
7 U.S.C. § 724 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 27: COTTON MARKETING / Section 724: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Apr. 21, 1934, ch. 157, §24, 48 Stat. 607, authorized Secretary of Agriculture to develop new and extended uses for cotton, and made available not to exceed $500,000 out of funds available to Secretary under section 612 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1727e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter III: EMERGENCY AND PRIVATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 1727e: Use of local currency proceeds
Use of local currency proceeds
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The local currency proceeds of sales pursuant to section 1727c(2) of this title shall be used in the recipient country for specific economic development purposes, including—

(1) the promotion of specific policy reforms to improve food security and agricultural development within the country and to promote broad-based, equitable, and sustainable development;

(2) the establishment of development programs, projects, and activities that promote food security, alleviate hunger, improve nutrition, and promote family planning, maternal and child health care, oral rehydration therapy, and other child survival objectives consistent with section 2151b(c)(2) of title 22, relating to the Child Survival Fund;

(3) the promotion of increased access to food supplies through the encouragement of specific policies and programs designed to increase employment and incomes within the country;

(4) the promotion of free and open markets through specific policies and programs;

(5) support for United States private voluntary organizations and cooperatives and encouragement of the development and utilization of indigenous nongovernmental organizations;

(6) the purchase of agricultural commodities (including transportation and processing costs) produced in the country—

(A) to meet urgent or extraordinary relief requirements in the country or in neighboring countries; or

(B) to develop emergency food reserves;

(7) the purchase of goods and services (other than agricultural commodities and related services) to meet urgent or extraordinary relief requirements;

(8) the payment, to the extent practicable, of the costs of carrying out the program authorized in subchapter V;

(9) private sector development activities designed to further the policies set forth in section 1691 of this title, including loans to financial intermediaries for use in making loans to private individuals, cooperatives, corporations, or other entities;

(10) activities of the Peace Corps that relate to agricultural production;

(11) the development of rural infrastructure such as roads, irrigation systems, and electrification to enhance agricultural production;

(12) research on malnutrition and its causes, as well as research relating to the identification and application of policies and strategies for targeting resources made available under this section to address the problem of malnutrition; and

(13) support for research (including collaborative research which is mutually beneficial to the United States and the recipient country), education, and extension activities in agricultural sciences.

Section 1306 of title 31 shall not apply to the use under this subsection of local currency proceeds that are owned by the United States.

(b) Support of nongovernmental organizations

To the extent practicable, not less than 10 percent of the amounts contained in an account established for a recipient country under section 1727d(a) of this title shall be used by such country to support the development and utilization of nongovernmental organizations and cooperatives that are active in rural development, agricultural education, sustainable agricultural production, other measures to assist poor people, and environmental protection projects within such country.

(c) Investment of local currencies by nongovernmental organizations

A nongovernmental organization may invest local currencies that accrue to that organization as a result of assistance under subsection (a), and any interest earned on such investment may be used for the purpose for which the assistance was provided to that organization without further appropriation by the Congress.

(d) Support for certain educational institutions

If the Administrator determines that local currencies deposited in a special account pursuant to this subchapter are not needed for any of the activities prescribed in paragraphs (1) through (13) of subsection (a) or for any other specific economic development purpose in the recipient country, the Administrator may use those currencies to provide support for any institution (other than an institution whose primary purpose is to provide religious education) located in the recipient country that provides education in agricultural sciences or other disciplines for a significant number of United States nationals (who may include members of the United States Armed Forces or the Foreign Service or dependents of such members).

(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title III, §306, as added Pub. L. 95–88, title II, §211(a)(2), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 551; amended Pub. L. 96–53, title II, §207(a), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 369; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3643; Pub. L. 104–127, title II, §211(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 955.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 306 of act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title III, as added Sept. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–341, title I, §11, 73 Stat. 608, enacted section 1695 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–808, §2(D), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1535.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127 amended heading and struck out "indigenous" before "nongovernmental" in text.

1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions requiring submission of annual report by recipient countries to President on activities and progress of Food for Development Program.

1979—Pub. L. 96–53 inserted provisions relating to detailed description of the use of the commodities.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 1513 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.

Effective Date of 1979 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 215 of Pub. L. 95–88, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1702 of this title.

Executive Documents

Use of Foreign Currencies

Foreign currencies accruing to United States under this subchapter may be used for purposes set forth in this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12752, §2(b)(1), Feb. 25, 1991, 56 F.R. 8255, set out as a note under section 1691 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2279h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2279h: Cross-servicing activities of National Finance Center
Cross-servicing activities of National Finance Center
Status: in_force

On and after November 10, 2005, the Chief Financial Officer shall actively market and expand cross-servicing activities of the National Finance Center.

(Pub. L. 109–97, title I, Nov. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 2121.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the appropriation act cited as the credit to this section.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 108–447, div. A, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2812.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. A, title I, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 6.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. A, title I, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 14.

Pub. L. 107–76, title I, Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 705.

Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title I], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–2.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title I], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–1.

Pub. L. 105–86, title I, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2080.

Pub. L. 104–180, title I, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1570.

Pub. L. 104–37, title I, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 300.
7 U.S.C. § 6932a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter II: FARM PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION / Section 6932a: Prohibition on closure or relocation of county offices for the Farm Service Agency
Prohibition on closure or relocation of county offices for the Farm Service Agency
Status: in_force

(a) Temporary prohibition

(1) In general

Subject to paragraph (2), until the date that is two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may not close or relocate a county or field office of the Farm Service Agency.

(2) Exception

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—

(A) an office that is located not more than 20 miles from another office of the Farm Service Agency; or

(B) the relocation of an office within the same county in the course of routine leasing operations.

(b) Limitation on closure; notice

(1) Limitation

After the period referred to in subsection (a)(1), the Secretary shall, before closing any office of the Farm Service Agency that is located more than 20 miles from another office of the Farm Service Agency, to the maximum extent practicable, first close any offices of the Farm Service Agency that—

(A) are located less than 20 miles from another office of the Farm Service Agency; and

(B) have two or fewer permanent full-time employees.

(2) Notice

After the period referred to in subsection (a)(1), the Secretary of Agriculture may not close a county or field office of the Farm Service Agency unless—

(A) not later than 30 days after the Secretary proposes to close such office, the Secretary holds a public meeting regarding the proposed closure in the county in which such office is located; and

(B) after the public meeting referred to in subparagraph (A), but not less than 90 days before the date on which the Secretary approves the closure of such office, the Secretary notifies the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, each Senator representing the State in which the office proposed to be closed is located, and the member of the House of Representatives who represents the Congressional district in which the office proposed to be closed is located of the proposed closure of such office.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14212, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14212, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2227.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Section was enacted as part of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, and not as part of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994, which in part comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1433 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1433: Repealed. Pub. L. 100-387, title I, §101(b)(3), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 931
Repealed. Pub. L. 100-387, title I, §101(b)(3), Aug. 11, 1988, 102 Stat. 931
Status: repealed

Section, act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title IV, §421, as added Sept. 11, 1964, Pub. L. 88–585, §2, 78 Stat. 927, related to penalties for misuse of feed intended to relieve distress or preserve foundation herds. See section 1471j of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal effective 15 days after Aug. 11, 1988, see section 101(c)(1) of Pub. L. 100–387, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendment note under section 1427 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 7601 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Section 7601: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this Act:

(1) 1862 Institution

The term "1862 Institution" means a college or university eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503, chapter 130; 7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).

(2) 1890 Institution

The term "1890 Institution" means a college or university eligible to receive funds under the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 419, chapter 841; 7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), including Tuskegee University.

(3) 1994 Institution

The term "1994 Institution" means 1 of the 1994 Institutions (as defined in section 532 of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–382; 7 U.S.C. 301 note)) (as amended by section 251(a)).

(4) Advisory Board

The term "Advisory Board" means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board established under section 3123 of this title.

(5) Department

The term "Department" means the Department of Agriculture.

(6) Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities

The term "Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities" has the meaning given the term in section 3103 of this title.

(7) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(Pub. L. 105–185, §2, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7129(c)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7129(c)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1988.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 105–185, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 523, known as the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note below and Tables.

Act of July 2, 1862, referred to in par. (1), is act July 2, 1862, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503, popularly known as the "Morrill Act" and also as the "First Morrill Act", which is classified generally to subchapter I (§301 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables.

Act of August 30, 1890, referred to in par. (2), is act Aug. 30, 1890, ch. 841, 26 Stat. 417, popularly known as the Agricultural College Act of 1890 and also as the Second Morrill Act, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables.

Section 251(a), referred to in par. (3), is section 251(a) of Pub. L. 105–185.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pars. (6), (7). Pub. L. 110–246, §7129(c)(1), added par. (6) and redesignated former par. (6) as (7).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Short Title

Pub. L. 105–185, §1(a), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 523, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998'."
7 U.S.C. § 390 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter III: RESEARCH FACILITIES / Section 390: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

In this subchapter:

(1) Agricultural research facility

The term "agricultural research facility" means a proposed facility for research in food and agricultural sciences for which Federal funds are requested by an entity eligible to receive funds under a capacity and infrastructure program (as defined in section 6971(f)(1)(C) of this title) to assist in the construction, alteration, acquisition, modernization, renovation, or remodeling of the facility.

(2) Congressional agriculture committees

The term "congressional agriculture committees" means the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(3) Food and agricultural sciences

The term "food and agricultural sciences" has the meaning given that term in section 3103 of this title.

(4) Secretary

The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture.

(Pub. L. 88–74, §2, as added Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §884(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1176; amended Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §§7214, 7308(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 448, 455; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7101(b)(1), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1213; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7101(b)(1), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1974; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, §7503(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4821.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 390, Pub. L. 88–74, §1, July 22, 1963, 77 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, §1416(3), Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 996; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, §1411(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1547, related to congressional declaration of policy, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

A prior section 2 of Pub. L. 88–74 was classified to section 390a of this title prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 104–127.

Amendments

2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–334 substituted "an entity eligible to receive funds under a capacity and infrastructure program (as defined in section 6971(f)(1)(C) of this title)" for "a college, university, or nonprofit institution".

2008—Par. (3). Pub. L. 110–246, §7101(b)(1), substituted "3103" for "3103(8)".

2002—Par. (3). Pub. L. 107–171, §7214, reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'food and agricultural sciences' means—

"(A) agriculture, including soil and water conservation and use, the use of organic materials to improve soil tilth and fertility, plant and animal production and protection, and plant and animal health;

"(B) the processing, distribution, marketing, and utilization of food and agricultural products;

"(C) forestry, including range management, production of forest and range products, multiple use of forests and rangelands, and urban forestry;

"(D) aquaculture (as defined in section 3103(3) of this title);

"(E) human nutrition;

"(F) production inputs, such as energy, to improve productivity; and

"(G) germ plasm collection and preservation."

Par. (5). Pub. L. 107–171, §7308(b), struck out heading and text of par. (5). Text read as follows: "The term 'task force' means the Strategic Planning Task Force established under section 390b of this title."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §884(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1179, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this subchapter], other than section 4 of the Research Facilities Act [section 390b of this title] (as amended by subsection (a)), shall not apply to any project for an agricultural research facility for which funds have been made available for a feasibility study or for any phase of the project prior to October 1, 1995."

Short Title

Pub. L. 88–74, §1, as added by Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §884(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1176, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Research Facilities Act'."
7 U.S.C. § 7652 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 103: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION REFORM / Subchapter III: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 7652: Role of Secretary regarding food and agricultural sciences research and extension
Role of Secretary regarding food and agricultural sciences research and extension
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture shall be the principal official in the executive branch responsible for coordinating all Federal research and extension activities related to food and agricultural sciences.

(Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, §613, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 605.)
7 U.S.C. § 2611 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 58: POTATO RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2611: Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Congressional findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

Potatoes are a basic food in the United States and foreign countries. They are produced by many individual potato growers in every State in the United States and imported into the United States from foreign countries. In 1966, there were one million four hundred and ninety-seven thousand acres of cropland in the United States devoted to the production of potatoes.

Potatoes and potato products move in the channels of interstate or foreign commerce, and potatoes which do not move in such channels directly burden or affect interstate commerce in potatoes and potato products.

The maintenance and expansion of existing potato markets and the development of new or improved markets are vital to the welfare of potato growers and those concerned with marketing, using, and processing potatoes as well as the general economic welfare of the Nation.

Therefore, it is the declared policy of the Congress and the purpose of this chapter that it is essential in the public interest, through the exercise of the powers provided herein, to authorize the establishment of an orderly procedure for the financing, through adequate assessments on all potatoes harvested in the United States for commercial use and imported into the United States from foreign countries, and the carrying out of an effective and continuous coordinated program of research, development, advertising, and promotion designed to strengthen potatoes' competitive position, and to maintain and expand domestic and foreign markets for potatoes and potato products.

(Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §302, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2041; Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1936, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3865.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1990—Pub. L. 101–624, in first par., inserted "and foreign countries" and "and imported into the United States from foreign countries" and struck out at end "Approximately two hundred and seventy-five million hundredweight of potatoes have been produced annually during the past five years with an estimated sales value to the potato producers of $561,000,000."; in second par., struck out ", in a large part," after "products move", inserted "or foreign", and struck out at end "All potatoes produced in the United States are in the current of interstate commerce or directly burden, obstruct, or affect interstate commerce in potatoes and potato products." and, in third par., inserted "and imported into the United States from foreign countries" and substituted "and potato products" for "produced in the United States".

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §319, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2047, provided that: "This title [see Short Title note below] shall take effect upon enactment [Jan. 11, 1971]".

Short Title of 1990 Amendment

Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1935, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3865, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§1935–1946) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, amending this section and sections 2612 to 2614, 2617 to 2619, and 2622 to 2624 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2625 of this title] may be cited as the 'Potato Research and Promotion Act Amendments of 1990'."

Short Title of 1982 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–244, §1, Aug. 26, 1982, 96 Stat. 310, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 2617, 2621, and 2623 of this title] may be cited as the 'Potato Research and Promotion Act Amendments of 1982'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §301, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2041, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter and provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Potato Research and Promotion Act'."
7 U.S.C. § 4812 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 79: PORK PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4812: Suspension and termination of orders
Suspension and termination of orders
Status: in_force

(a) Authority of Secretary

If after the initial referendum provided for in section 4811(a) of this title the Secretary determines that an order, or a provision of the order, obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, the Secretary shall terminate or suspend the operation of such order or provision.

(b) Referendum to terminate or suspend; eligible voters; requirements for approval; termination or suspension date; one referendum within 2-year period

(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (2), after the initial referendum provided for in section 4811(a) of this title, on the request of a number of persons equal to at least 15 percent of persons who have been producers and importers during a representative period, as determined by the Secretary, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum to determine whether the producers and importers favor the termination or suspension of the order.

(B) The Secretary shall—

(i) suspend or terminate collection of assessments under the order not later than 6 months after the date the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of the order is favored by a majority of the producers and importers voting in the referendum; and

(ii) terminate the order in an orderly manner as soon as practicable after the date of such determination.

(2) Except with respect to a referendum required to be conducted under section 4811 of this title, the Secretary shall not be required by paragraph (1) to conduct more than one referendum under this chapter in a 2-year period.

(c) Termination or suspension not to be considered an order

The termination or suspension of an order, or a provision of an order, shall not be considered an order within the meaning of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 99–198, title XVI, §1623, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1618.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Jan. 1, 1986, see section 1631 of Pub. L. 99–198, set out as a note under section 4801 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 345 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter IV: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK APPROPRIATION / Section 345: Replacement of diminished, lost or misapplied funds; restrictions on use; reports of colleges
Replacement of diminished, lost or misapplied funds; restrictions on use; reports of colleges
Status: in_force

If any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of any State for the support and maintenance of cooperative agricultural extension work, as provided in this subchapter, shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost or be misapplied, it shall be replaced by said State and until so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to said State. No portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings, or the purchase or rental of land, or in college-course teaching, lectures in college, or any other purpose not specified in this subchapter.

(May 8, 1914, ch. 79, §5, 38 Stat. 374; June 26, 1953, ch. 157, §1, 67 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 87–749, §1(g), Oct. 5, 1962, 76 Stat. 745; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7403(b), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1246; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7403(b), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2007.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §7403(b), struck out at end "It shall be the duty of said colleges, annually, on or about the first day of January, to make to the Governor of the State in which it is located a full and detailed report of its operations in extension work as defined in this subchapter, including a detailed statement of receipts and expenditures from all sources for this purpose, a copy of which report shall be sent to the Secretary of Agriculture."

1962—Pub. L. 87–749 struck out references to territories and possessions wherever appearing.

1953—Act June 26, 1953, among other changes, inserted "Territory, or possession" after "State," wherever latter term appeared, struck out provision that not more than five per centum of each annual appropriation should be applied to the printing and distribution of publications, and struck out the provision that copies of the required reports should be sent to the Secretary of the Treasury.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 582 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 25: EXPORT STANDARDS FOR APPLES / Section 582: Notice of establishment of standards; shipments under contracts made before adoption of standards
Notice of establishment of standards; shipments under contracts made before adoption of standards
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall give reasonable notice through one or more trade papers of the effective date of standards of export established or designated by him under this chapter: Provided, That any apples may be certified and shipped for export in fulfillment of any contract made within six months prior to the date of such shipment if the terms of such contract were in accordance with the grades and regulations of the Secretary in effect at the time the contract was made.

(June 10, 1933, ch. 59, §2, 48 Stat. 123; Pub. L. 106–96, §1(c)(2), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1321.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1999—Pub. L. 106–96 struck out "or pears" after "any apples".
7 U.S.C. § 511k (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21A: TOBACCO INSPECTION / Section 511k: Penalty for violations
Penalty for violations
Status: in_force

Any person violating any provision of sections 511d and 511i of this title shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

(Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 623, §12, 49 Stat. 734.)
7 U.S.C. § 6991 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter VIII: NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION / Section 6991: Definitions
Definitions
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter:

(1) Adverse decision

The term "adverse decision" means an administrative decision made by an officer, employee, or committee of an agency that is adverse to a participant. The term includes a denial of equitable relief by an agency or the failure of an agency to issue a decision or otherwise act on the request or right of the participant. The term does not include a decision over which the Board of Contract Appeals has jurisdiction.

(2) Agency

The term "agency" means any agency of the Department designated by the Secretary or a successor agency of the Department, except that the term shall include the following (and any successor to the following):

(A) The Farm Service Agency (or other office, agency, or administrative unit of the Department assigned the functions authorized for the Farm Service Agency under section 6932 of this title).

(B) The Commodity Credit Corporation, with respect to domestic programs.

(C) The Farmers Home Administration.

(D) The Federal Crop Insurance Corporation.

(E) The Rural Development Administration.

(F) The Natural Resources Conservation Service (or other office, agency, or administrative unit of the Department assigned the functions authorized for the Natural Resources Conservation Service under section 6936(b) of this title).

(G) A State, county, or area committee established under section 590h(b)(5) of title 16.

(3) Appellant

The term "appellant" means a participant who appeals an adverse decision in accordance with this subchapter.

(4) Case record

The term "case record" means all the materials maintained by the Secretary related to an adverse decision.

(5) Director

The term "Director" means the Director of the Division.

(6) Division

The term "Division" means the National Appeals Division established by this chapter.

(7) Hearing officer

The term "hearing officer" means an individual employed by the Division who hears and determines appeals of adverse decisions by any agency.

(8) Implement

The term "implement" refers to those actions necessary to effectuate fully and promptly a final determination of the Division not later than 30 calendar days after the effective date of the final determination.

(9) Participant

The term "participant" shall have the meaning given that term by the Secretary by regulation.

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §271, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3228; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §§12404(b)(2), 12410(c)(2)(B), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4975, 4978.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This subchapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this subtitle", meaning subtitle H (§§271–283) of title II of Pub. L. 103–354, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3228, which enacted this subchapter, amended sections 2006 and 5101 to 5106 of this title and section 2202e of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and repealed sections 1433e and 1983b of this title.

This chapter, referred to in par. (6), was in the original "this title", meaning title II of Pub. L. 103–354, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3209, known as the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6901 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2018—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, §12404(b)(2), substituted "Farm" for "Consolidated Farm" in two places.

Par. (2)(F). Pub. L. 115–334, §12410(c)(2)(B), substituted "section 6936(b) of this title" for "section 6962(b) of this title".
7 U.S.C. § 6518 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 94: ORGANIC CERTIFICATION / Section 6518: National Organic Standards Board
National Organic Standards Board
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary shall establish a National Organic Standards Board (hereafter referred to in this section as the "Board") in accordance with chapter 10 of title 5 to assist in the development of standards for substances to be used in organic production and to advise the Secretary on any other aspects of the implementation of this chapter.

(b) Composition of Board

The Board shall be composed of 15 members, of which—

(1) four shall be individuals who own or operate an organic farming operation, or employees of such individuals;

(2) two shall be individuals who own or operate an organic handling operation, or employees of such individuals;

(3) one shall be an individual who owns or operates a retail establishment with significant trade in organic products, or an employee of such individual;

(4) three shall be individuals with expertise in areas of environmental protection and resource conservation;

(5) three shall be individuals who represent public interest or consumer interest groups;

(6) one shall be an individual with expertise in the fields of toxicology, ecology, or biochemistry; and

(7) one shall be an individual who is a certifying agent as identified under section 6515 of this title.

(c) Appointment

Not later than 180 days after November 28, 1990, the Secretary shall appoint the members of the Board under paragraph (1) through (6) of subsection (b) (and under subsection (b)(7) at an appropriate date after the certification of individuals as certifying agents under section 6515 of this title) from nominations received from organic certifying organizations, States, and other interested persons and organizations.

(d) Term

A member of the Board shall serve for a term of 5 years, except that the Secretary shall appoint the original members of the Board for staggered terms. A member cannot serve consecutive terms unless such member served an original term that was less than 5 years.

(e) Meetings

The Secretary shall convene a meeting of the Board not later than 60 days after the appointment of its members and shall convene subsequent meetings on a periodic basis.

(f) Compensation and expenses

A member of the Board shall serve without compensation. While away from their homes or regular places of business on the business of the Board, members of the Board may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as is authorized under section 5703 of title 5 for persons employed intermittently in the Government service.

(g) Chairperson

The Board shall select a Chairperson for the Board.

(h) Quorum

A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of conducting business.

(i) Decisive votes

(1) In general

2/3 of the votes cast at a meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present shall be decisive of any motion.

(2) National list

Any vote on a motion proposing to amend the national list shall be considered to be a decisive vote that requires 2/3 of the votes cast at a meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present to prevail.

(j) Other terms and conditions

The Secretary shall authorize the Board to hire a staff director and shall detail staff of the Department of Agriculture or allow for the hiring of staff and may, subject to necessary appropriations, pay necessary expenses incurred by such Board in carrying out the provisions of this chapter, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

(k) Responsibilities of Board

(1) In general

The Board shall provide recommendations to the Secretary regarding the implementation of this chapter.

(2) National List

The Board shall develop the proposed National List or proposed amendments to the National List for submission to the Secretary in accordance with section 6517 of this title.

(3) Technical advisory panels

The Board shall convene technical advisory panels to provide scientific evaluation of the materials considered for inclusion in the National List. Such panels may include experts in agronomy, entomology, health sciences and other relevant disciplines.

(4) Special review of botanical pesticides

The Board shall, prior to the establishment of the National List, review all botanical pesticides used in agricultural production and consider whether any such botanical pesticide should be included in the list of prohibited natural substances.

(5) Product residue testing

The Board shall advise the Secretary concerning the testing of organically produced agricultural products for residues caused by unavoidable residual environmental contamination.

(6) Emergency spray programs

The Board shall advise the Secretary concerning rules for exemptions from specific requirements of this chapter (except the provisions of section 6511 of this title) with respect to agricultural products produced on certified organic farms if such farms are subject to a Federal or State emergency pest or disease treatment program.

(l) Requirements

In establishing the proposed National List or proposed amendments to the National List, the Board shall—

(1) review available information from the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Institute of Environmental Health Studies, and such other sources as appropriate, concerning the potential for adverse human and environmental effects of substances considered for inclusion in the proposed National List;

(2) work with manufacturers of substances considered for inclusion in the proposed National List to obtain a complete list of ingredients and determine whether such substances contain inert materials that are synthetically produced; and

(3) submit to the Secretary, along with the proposed National List or any proposed amendments to such list, the results of the Board's evaluation and the evaluation of the technical advisory panel of all substances considered for inclusion in the National List.

(m) Evaluation

In evaluating substances considered for inclusion in the proposed National List or proposed amendment to the National List, the Board shall consider—

(1) the potential of such substances for detrimental chemical interactions with other materials used in organic farming systems;

(2) the toxicity and mode of action of the substance and of its breakdown products or any contaminants, and their persistence and areas of concentration in the environment;

(3) the probability of environmental contamination during manufacture, use, misuse or disposal of such substance;

(4) the effect of the substance on human health;

(5) the effects of the substance on biological and chemical interactions in the agroecosystem, including the physiological effects of the substance on soil organisms (including the salt index and solubility of the soil), crops and livestock;

(6) the alternatives to using the substance in terms of practices or other available materials; and

(7) its compatibility with a system of sustainable agriculture.

(n) Petitions

The Board shall establish procedures under which persons may petition the Board for the purpose of evaluating substances for inclusion on the National List.

(o) Confidentiality

Any confidential business information obtained by the Board in carrying out this section shall not be released to the public.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XXI, §2119, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3947; Pub. L. 102–237, title X, §1001(7), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1893; Pub. L. 115–334, title X, §10104(e), (f), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4901; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(39), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4309.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "(hereafter referred to in this section as the 'Board') in accordance with chapter 10 of title 5" for "(in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act) (hereafter referred to in this section as the 'Board')".

2018—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(e)(1), inserted ", or employees of such individuals" after "operation".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(e)(2), inserted ", or employees of such individuals" after "operation".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(e)(3), inserted ", or an employee of such individual" after "products".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–334, §10104(f), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, substituted "2/3" for "Two-thirds", and added par. (2).

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted "to assist" for "(to assist".
7 U.S.C. § 178d (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter II: CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Section 178d: Research and development program by Secretary of Commerce
Research and development program by Secretary of Commerce
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Commerce is authorized and directed to initiate and carry out research, technology development, technology transfer, and demonstration projects to test and demonstrate the economic feasibility of the manufacture and commercialization of natural rubber from Parthenium or other hydrocarbon-containing plants or the manufacture and commercialization of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance. Such research shall include but not be limited to—

(a) conducting research and development on extraction and processing techniques;

(b) economic analysis of the production of native latex, including usable byproducts;

(c) studying the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the commercial development of native latex;

(d) evaluating the commercial marketability of Parthenium and rubber derived from other hydrocarbon-containing plants;

(e) further refining present extraction and manufacturing technologies and future extraction and manufacturing technologies, including technologies which utilize solar energy;

(f) developing pertinent material and records on manufacturing of natural rubber which shall be available to other Federal and State agencies and private persons who are interested in or involved in natural rubber development, or manufacture; and

(g) to the extent appropriate, carrying out research activities with respect to native agricultural crops (other than Parthenium and other hydrocarbon-containing plants) that would supply critical agricultural materials for strategic and industrial purposes, in the manner specified in clauses (a) through (f).

(Pub. L. 95–592, §6, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2531; Pub. L. 98–284, §6, May 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 183.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1984—Pub. L. 98–284, §6(1), (2), inserted in provisions preceding cl. (a) reference to the manufacture and commercialization of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance, and struck out "may be carried out through the Regional Commissions or otherwise and" after "Such research".

Cl. (g). Pub. L. 98–284, §6(5), added cl. (g).
7 U.S.C. § 1445h (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter II: BASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1445h: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(F), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title I, §171(b)(2)(F), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938
Status: repealed

Section, act Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title I, §113, as added Dec. 3, 1980, Pub. L. 96–494, title II, §207, 94 Stat. 2572; amended Dec. 22, 1981, Pub. L. 97–98, title XI, §1105, 95 Stat. 1264; Dec. 23, 1985, Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1011, 99 Stat. 1454; Nov. 28, 1990, Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1125, 104 Stat. 3506, authorized Secretary to announce and provide for supplemental set-aside and acreage limitation program.
7 U.S.C. § 6401 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 93: PROCESSOR-FUNDED MILK PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 6401: Findings and declaration of policy
Findings and declaration of policy
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

Congress finds that—

(1) fluid milk products are basic foods and are a primary source of required nutrients such as calcium, and otherwise are a valuable part of the human diet;

(2) fluid milk products must be readily available and marketed efficiently to ensure that the people of the United States receive adequate nourishment;

(3) the dairy industry plays a significant role in the economy of the United States, in that milk is produced by thousands of milk producers and dairy products (including fluid milk products) are consumed every day by millions of people in the United States;

(4) the processing of milk into fluid milk products and the marketing of such products are important to the dairy industry because the fluid milk segment of the dairy market contributes substantially to ensuring that the prices paid to milk producers for raw milk are stable and adequate to maintain the overall strength of the dairy industry;

(5) the maintenance and expansion of markets for fluid milk products are vital to the Nation's fluid milk processors and milk producers, as well as to the general economy of the United States;

(6) the congressional purpose underlying this chapter is to maintain and expand markets for fluid milk products, not to maintain or expand any processor's share of those markets and that the chapter does not prohibit or restrict individual advertising or promotion of fluid milk products since the programs created and funded by this chapter are not extended to replace individual advertising and promotion efforts;

(7) the cooperative development, financing, and implementation of a coordinated program of advertising and promotion of fluid milk products is necessary to maintain and expand markets for fluid milk products;

(8) it is appropriate to finance the cooperative program described in paragraph (6) 1 with self-help assessments paid by the fluid milk processors; and

(9) fluid milk products move in interstate and foreign commerce, and fluid milk products that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce in fluid milk products.

(b) Policy

It is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing, through adequate assessments on fluid milk products produced in the United States and carrying out an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of promotion, research, and consumer information designed to strengthen the position of the dairy industry in the marketplace and maintain and expand domestic and foreign markets and uses for fluid milk products, the purpose of which is not to compete with or replace individual advertising or promotion efforts designed to promote individual brand name or trade name fluid milk products, but rather to maintain and expand the markets for all fluid milk products, with the goal and purpose of this chapter being a national governmental goal that authorizes and funds programs that result in government speech promoting government objectives.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1999B, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3914; Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §146(a), (b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 918.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a)(6) to (9). Pub. L. 104–127, §146(a), added par. (6) and redesignated former pars. (6) to (8) as (7) to (9), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–127, §146(b), amended heading and text of subsec. (b) generally. Text read as follows: "It is declared to be the policy of Congress that it is in the public interest to authorize the establishment, through the exercise of the powers provided in this chapter, of an orderly procedure for developing, financing (through adequate assessments on fluid milk products produced in the United States) and carrying out an effective and coordinated program of advertising designed to strengthen the position of the dairy industry in the marketplace and to maintain and expand markets and uses for fluid milk products produced in the United States. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of individual milk producers to produce milk."

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1993 Amendment

Pub. L. 103–72, §1, Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 717, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 6402 and 6409 of this title] may be cited as the 'Fluid Milk Promotion Amendments Act of 1993'."

Short Title

Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1999A, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3914, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle H (§§1999A—1999R) of title XIX of Pub. L. 101–624, enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Fluid Milk Promotion Act of 1990'."

1 So in original. Probably should be paragraph "(7)".
7 U.S.C. § 7302 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter VI: PERMANENT PRICE SUPPORT AUTHORITY / Section 7302: Effect of chapter
Effect of chapter
Status: in_force

(a) Effect on prior crops

Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter and notwithstanding any other provision of law, this chapter and the amendments made by this chapter shall not affect the authority of the Secretary to carry out a price support or production adjustment program for any of the 1991 through 1995 crops of an agricultural commodity established under a provision of law in effect immediately before April 4, 1996.

(b) Liability

A provision of this chapter or an amendment made by this chapter shall not affect the liability of any person under any provision of law as in effect before April 4, 1996.

(Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §172, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 938.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of "this chapter", referred to in text, see note set out under section 7201 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 8793 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 113: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY SUPPORT PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 8793: Implementation
Implementation
Status: in_force

The Secretary shall make available to the Farm Service Agency to carry out this chapter $50,000,000.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title I, §1622, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1025; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title I, §1622, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1753.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this title", meaning title I of Pub. L. 110–246, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1726 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter III: EMERGENCY AND PRIVATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS / Section 1726: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title III, §3006, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 282
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-171, title III, §3006, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 282
Status: repealed

Section, act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, title II, §206, as added Pub. L. 94–161, title II, §209, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 854; amended Pub. L. 95–88, title II, §210, Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 548; Pub. L. 96–53, title II, §203, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 368; Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1112(a)(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1478; Pub. L. 100–202, §§12, 13, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–448; Pub. L. 100–418, title IV, §4610(d), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1411; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1512, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3640, related to maximum level of expenditures.
7 U.S.C. § 6417 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 93: PROCESSOR-FUNDED MILK PROMOTION PROGRAM / Section 6417: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

(a) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year such funds as are necessary to carry out this chapter.

(b) Administrative expenses

The funds so appropriated shall not be available for payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in administering any provision of any order issued under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 101–624, title XIX, §1999R, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3926.)
7 U.S.C. § 2620 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 58: POTATO RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Section 2620: Procedural rights of persons subject to plan
Procedural rights of persons subject to plan
Status: in_force

(a) Administrative proceedings; petition; hearing; finality of ruling

Any person subject to a plan may file a written petition with the Secretary, stating that such plan or any provision of such plan or any obligation imposed in connection therewith is not in accordance with law and praying for a modification thereof or to be exempted therefrom. He shall thereupon be given an opportunity for a hearing upon such petition, in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary. After such hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling upon the prayer of such petition which shall be final, if in accordance with law.

(b) Judicial review; jurisdiction; complaint; remand; relief during pendency of proceedings

The district courts of the United States in any district in which such person is an inhabitant, or has his principal place of business, are hereby vested with jurisdiction to review such ruling: Provided, That a complaint for that purpose is filed within twenty days from the date of the entry of such ruling. Service of process in such proceedings may be had upon the Secretary by delivering to him a copy of the complaint. If the court determines that such ruling is not in accordance with law, it shall remand such proceedings to the Secretary with directions either (1) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be in accordance with law, or (2) to take such further proceedings as, in its opinion, the law requires. The pendency of proceedings instituted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not impede, hinder, or delay the United States or the Secretary from obtaining relief pursuant to section 2621(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 91–670, title III, §311, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2045.)
7 U.S.C. § 9096 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 115: AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY POLICY AND PROGRAMS / Subchapter V: ADMINISTRATION / Section 9096: Signature authority
Signature authority
Status: in_force

(a) In general

In carrying out this title and title II and amendments made by those titles, if the Secretary approves a document, the Secretary shall not subsequently determine the document is inadequate or invalid because of the lack of authority of any person signing the document on behalf of the applicant or any other individual, entity, general partnership, or joint venture, or the documents relied upon were determined inadequate or invalid, unless the person signing the program document knowingly and willfully falsified the evidence of signature authority or a signature.

(b) Affirmation

(1) In general

Nothing in this section prohibits the Secretary from asking a proper party to affirm any document that otherwise would be considered approved under subsection (a).

(2) No retroactive effect

A denial of benefits based on a lack of affirmation under paragraph (1) shall not be retroactive with respect to third-party producers who were not the subject of the erroneous representation of authority, if the third-party producers—

(A) relied on the prior approval by the Secretary of the documents in good faith; and

(B) substantively complied with all program requirements.

(Pub. L. 113–79, title I, §1613, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 710.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This title and title II, referred to in subsec. (a), are titles I and II of Pub. L. 113–79, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 658, 713. Title I of the Act is classified principally to this chapter. Title II of the Act enacted, amended, and repealed numerous sections and provisions set out as notes in Title 16, Conservation, and Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of titles I and II to the Code, see Tables.
7 U.S.C. § 361e (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 14: AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 361e: Payment of allotments to State agricultural experiment stations; directors and treasurers or other officers; accounting; reports to Secretary; replacement by States of diminished, lost or misapplied allotments; subsequent allotments or payments contingent on such replacement
Payment of allotments to State agricultural experiment stations; directors and treasurers or other officers; accounting; reports to Secretary; replacement by States of diminished, lost or misapplied allotments; subsequent allotments or payments contingent on such replacement
Status: in_force

Sums available for allotment to the States under the terms of sections 361a to 361i of this title, excluding the Multistate Research Fund, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, shall be paid to each State agricultural experiment station in equal quarterly payments beginning on the first day of October of each fiscal year upon vouchers approved by the Secretary of Agriculture. Each such station authorized to receive allotted funds shall have a chief administrative officer known as a director, and a treasurer or other officer appointed by the governing board of the station. Such treasurer or other officer shall receive and account for all funds allotted to the State under the provisions of sections 361a to 361i of this title and shall report, with the approval of the director, to the Secretary of Agriculture on or before the first day of December of each year a detailed statement of the amount received under provisions of said sections during the preceding fiscal year, and of its disbursement on schedules prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. If any portion of the allotted moneys received by the authorized receiving officer of any State agricultural experiment station shall by any action or contingency be diminished, lost, or misapplied, it shall be replaced by the State concerned and until so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall be allotted or paid to such State.

(Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, §5, 24 Stat. 441; Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 790, §1, 69 Stat. 673; Pub. L. 94–273, §9(2), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 378; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §203(c)(3), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 535.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 368a of this title. See sections 361c and 361d of this title.

Amendments

1998—Pub. L. 105–185, §203(c)(3), substituted "Multistate Research Fund, State Agricultural Experiment Stations" for "regional research fund authorized by section 361c(c)(3) of this title" in first sentence.

1976—Pub. L. 94–273 substituted "October" for "July" and "December" for "September".

1955—Act Aug. 11, 1955, amended section generally to provide for quarterly payment of allotments, to require annual report of allotments and disbursements, and to provide for replacement of funds diminished, lost, or misapplied. For provisions which authorized appropriations for investigations and experiments, see sections 361c and 361d of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2544 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter III: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND RIGHTS / Section 2544: Research exemption
Research exemption
Status: in_force

The use and reproduction of a protected variety for plant breeding or other bona fide research shall not constitute an infringement of the protection provided under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §114, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1555.)
7 U.S.C. § 7511 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 102: EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE / Section 7511: Prohibition against certain State charges
Prohibition against certain State charges
Status: in_force

Whenever a commodity is made available without charge or credit under any nutrition program administered by the Secretary for distribution within the States to eligible recipient agencies, the State may not charge recipient agencies any amount that is in excess of the State's direct costs of storing and transporting the commodities to recipient agencies minus any amount the Secretary provides the State for the costs of storing and transporting such commodities.

(Pub. L. 98–8, title II, §208, Mar. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 36.)
7 U.S.C. § 627 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 627: Dairy forward pricing pilot program
Dairy forward pricing pilot program
Status: in_force

(a) Pilot program required

Not later than 90 days after November 29, 1999, the Secretary of Agriculture shall establish a temporary pilot program under which milk producers and cooperatives are authorized to voluntarily enter into forward price contracts with milk handlers.

(b) Minimum milk price requirements

Payments made by milk handlers to milk producers and cooperatives, and prices received by milk producers and cooperatives, under the forward contracts shall be deemed to satisfy—

(1) all regulated minimum milk price requirements of paragraphs (B) and (F) of subsection (5) of section 608c of this title; and

(2) the requirement of paragraph (C) of such subsection regarding total payments by each handler.

(c) Milk covered by pilot program

(1) Covered milk

The pilot program shall apply only with respect to the marketing of federally regulated milk that—

(A) is not classified as Class I milk or otherwise intended for fluid use; and

(B) is in the current of interstate or foreign commerce or directly burdens, obstructs, or affects interstate or foreign commerce in federally regulated milk.

(2) Relation to Class I milk

To assist milk handlers in complying with the limitation in paragraph (1)(A) without having to segregate or otherwise individually track the source and disposition of milk, a milk handler may allocate milk receipts from producers, cooperatives, and other sources that are not subject to a forward contract to satisfy the handler's obligations with regard to Class I milk usage.

(d) Duration

The authority of the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the pilot program shall terminate on December 31, 2004. No forward price contract entered into under the program may extend beyond that date.

(e) Study and report on effect of pilot program

(1) Study

The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a study on forward contracting between milk producers and cooperatives and milk handlers to determine the impact on milk prices paid to producers in the United States. To obtain information for the study, the Secretary may use the authorities available to the Secretary under section 608d of this title, subject to the confidentiality requirements of subsection (2) of such section.

(2) Report

Not later than April 30, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry of the Senate and the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives a report containing the results of the study.

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §23, as added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(8) [§3], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–519.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Another section 23 of act May 12, 1933 amended former section 781 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
7 U.S.C. § 5921a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 88: RESEARCH / Subchapter VII: MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCH PROVISIONS / Section 5921a: Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7411, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1255, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7411, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2017
Repealed. Pub. L. 110-234, title VII, §7411, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1255, and Pub. L. 110-246, §4(a), title VII, §7411, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2017
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10802, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 525, related to public information campaign regarding use of biotechnology in producing food for human consumption.

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 repealed this section. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 399 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 15: BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY / Section 399: Domestic raising of fur-bearing animals; classification
Domestic raising of fur-bearing animals; classification
Status: in_force

For the purposes of all classification and administration of Acts of Congress, Executive orders, administrative orders, and regulations pertaining to—

(a) fox, rabbit, mink, chinchilla, marten, fisher, muskrat, karakul and all other fur-bearing animals, raised in captivity for breeding or other useful purposes shall be deemed domestic animals;

(b) such animals and the products thereof shall be deemed agricultural products; and

(c) the breeding, raising, producing, or marketing of such animals or their products by the producer shall be deemed an agricultural pursuit.

(Apr. 30, 1946, ch. 242, §1, 60 Stat. 127.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 433 of this title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Act Apr. 30, 1946, ch. 242, §3, 60 Stat. 128, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note below] shall take effect sixty days after the date of its enactment [Apr. 30, 1946]."

Transfer of Functions

Act Apr. 30, 1946, ch. 242, §2, 60 Stat. 127; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §102, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085, provided that:

"(a) All the functions of the Secretary of the Interior and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior, which affect the breeding, raising, producing, marketing, or any other phase of the production or distribution, of domestically raised fur-bearing animals, or products thereof, are hereby transferred to and vested in the Secretary of Agriculture.

"(b) Appropriations and unexpended balances of appropriations, or parts thereof, which the Director of the Office of Management and Budget determines to be available for expenditure for the administration of any function transferred by this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note above], shall be available for expenditure for the continued administration of such function by the officer to whom such function is so transferred.

"(c) All records and property (including office furniture and equipment) under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior used primarily in connection with the administration of functions transferred by this Act are hereby transferred to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Agriculture."

[Section 2 of act Apr. 30, 1946, ch. 242, set out above, was formerly classified to section 434 of this title prior to editorial reclassification as this note.]
7 U.S.C. § 347 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 13: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES / Subchapter IV: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK APPROPRIATION / Section 347: Repealed. Pub. L. 86-533, §1(21), June 29, 1960, 74 Stat. 249
Repealed. Pub. L. 86-533, §1(21), June 29, 1960, 74 Stat. 249
Status: repealed

Section, acts May 8, 1914, ch. 79, §7, 38 Stat. 374; June 26, 1953, ch. 157, §1, 67 Stat. 85, required Secretary of Agriculture to report to Congress receipts, expenditures, and results of cooperative agriculture extension work in all States, Territories, or possessions receiving benefits of sections 341 to 343, 344 to 346, and 347a to 349 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1445k (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter II: BASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1445k: Payments in commodities
Payments in commodities
Status: in_force

(a) In-kind payments by Secretary

In making in-kind payments under any of the annual programs for wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, or rice (other than negotiable marketing certificates for upland cotton or rice), the Secretary may—

(1) acquire and use like commodities that have been pledged to the Commodity Credit Corporation as security for price support loans, including loans made to producers under section 1445e of this title; and

(2) use other like commodities owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation.

(b) Methods of payments

The Secretary may make in-kind payments—

(1) by delivery of the commodity to the producer at a warehouse or other similar facility, as determined by the Secretary;

(2) by the transfer of negotiable warehouse receipts;

(3) by the issuance of negotiable certificates which the Commodity Credit Corporation shall redeem for a commodity in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary; or

(4) by such other methods as the Secretary determines appropriate to enable the producer to receive payments in an efficient, equitable, and expeditious manner so as to ensure that the producer receives the same total return as if the payments had been made in cash.

(c) Commodity certificates

The Secretary shall pay interest on the cash redemption of a commodity certificate issued by the Secretary to a producer who holds the certificate for at least 150 days. This subsection shall not apply with respect to commodity certificates issued in connection with the export enhancement program or the marketing promotion program established under the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title I, §115, formerly §107E, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title X, §1005, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1448; renumbered §115 and amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §§1122(a), 1161(a)(1), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3503, 3520.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Agricultural Trade Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 95–501, Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1685, as amended generally by Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, §1531, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3668, which is classified generally to chapter 87 (§5601 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5601 of this title and Tables.

Codification

Section was classified to section 1445b–4 of this title prior to its renumbering by Pub. L. 101–624.

Amendments

1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–624, §1122(a), added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–624 effective beginning with 1991 crop of an agricultural commodity, with provision for prior crops, see section 1171 of Pub. L. 101–624, set out as a note under section 1421 of this title.

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(7) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(7) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(7) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(G) of this title.

Redemption of Commodity Certificates

Pub. L. 101–624, title XI, §1122(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3503, provided that:

"(1) In general.—A subsequent holder of a commodity certificate issued by the Commodity Credit Corporation shall be allowed to exchange the expired commodity certificate under the same rules that apply to an original holder of the certificate.

"(2) Application and redemption limitations.—This subsection shall only apply during the 180-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1990]. No person may redeem more than $1,000 worth of certificates under this subsection.

"(3) Redemption limitations.—In no event shall a person receive a payment from the Commodity Credit Corporation for a certificate that is redeemed under this subsection in an amount greater than the price paid for the certificate by the person. No expired certificate shall be exchanged under this section if the owner purchased the certificate after January 1, 1990."
7 U.S.C. § 1736i (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 41: FOOD FOR PEACE / Subchapter IV: GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS / Section 1736i: Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, §1573, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702
Repealed. Pub. L. 101-624, title XV, §1573, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3702
Status: repealed

Section 1736i, Pub. L. 97–98, title XII, §1203, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1275, provided for a special standby export subsidy program.

Section 1736j, Pub. L. 97–98, title XII, §1204, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1276; Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1133(b), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1489, provided for protection against agricultural embargo. See section 5672 of this title.

Section 1736k, Pub. L. 97–98, title XII, §1205, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1277, provided for development of plans, recommendations, and programs to alleviate the adverse impact of export embargoes on agricultural commodities. See section 5672 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 955 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 32: PEANUT STATISTICS / Section 955: Limitation on use of statistical information
Limitation on use of statistical information
Status: in_force

The information furnished under the provisions of this chapter shall be used only for the statistical purposes for which it is supplied. No publication shall be made by the Secretary whereby the data furnished by any person can be identified nor shall the Secretary permit anyone other than the sworn employees of the Department of Agriculture to examine the individual reports.

(June 24, 1936, ch. 745, §5, 49 Stat. 1899.)
7 U.S.C. § 4610 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 77: HONEY RESEARCH, PROMOTION, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION / Section 4610: Enforcement
Enforcement
Status: in_force

(a) District courts; jurisdiction; Attorney General

The several district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, any order or regulation issued under this chapter. The facts relating to any civil action authorized to be brought under this subsection shall be referred to the Attorney General for appropriate action. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as requiring the Secretary to refer to the Attorney General violations of this chapter whenever the Secretary believes that the administration and enforcement of any such order or regulation would be adequately served by administrative action under subsection (b) or suitable written notice or warning to any person committing such violations.

(b) Civil penalties; notice and hearing; review; courts of appeals; cease and desist orders; failure to obey; Attorney General

(1) Any person who violates any provision of any order or regulation issued by the Secretary under this chapter, or who fails or refuses to pay, collect, or remit any assessment or fee duly required of such person thereunder, may be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not less than $500 nor more than $5,000 for each such violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense. In addition to or in lieu of such civil penalty the Secretary may issue an order requiring such person to cease and desist from continuing such violations. No penalty shall be assessed or cease and desist order issued unless such person is given notice and opportunity for a hearing before the Secretary with respect to such violation, and the order of the Secretary assessing a penalty or imposing a cease and desist order shall be final and conclusive unless the affected person files an appeal from the Secretary's order with the appropriate United States court of appeals.

(2) Any person against whom a violation is found and a civil penalty assessed or cease and desist order issued under paragraph (1) may obtain review in the court of appeals of the United States for the circuit in which such person resides or carries on business or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by filing a notice of appeal in such court within thirty days from the date of such order and by simultaneously sending a copy of such notice by certified mail to the Secretary. The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the record upon which such violation was found. The findings of the Secretary shall be set aside only if found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.

(3) Any person who fails to obey a cease and desist order after it has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate court of appeals has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, shall be subject to a civil penalty assessed by the Secretary, after opportunity for a hearing and for judicial review under the procedures specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of not more than $500 for each offense, and each day during which such failure continues shall be deemed a separate offense.

(4) If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order, or after the appropriate court of appeals has entered final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General for recovery of the amount assessed in any appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of the final order imposing the civil penalty shall not be subject to review.

(Pub. L. 98–590, §11, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3122; Pub. L. 105–185, §605(j), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 600.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1998—Subsecs. (a), (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–185 substituted "order" for "plan" wherever appearing.
7 U.S.C. § 173 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8A: RUBBER AND OTHER CRITICAL AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 173: Authorization of appropriations
Authorization of appropriations
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of sections 171 to 173 of this title. Any amounts so appropriated, and any funds received by the Secretary under said sections, shall remain permanently available for the purposes of said sections without regard to the provisions of any other laws relating to the availability and disposition of appropriated funds and the disposition of funds collected by officers or agencies of the United States.

(Mar. 5, 1942, ch. 140, §3, 56 Stat. 128.)
7 U.S.C. § 1448 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35A: PRICE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Subchapter III: NONBASIC AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES / Section 1448: Price support levels for storable nonbasic agricultural commodities
Price support levels for storable nonbasic agricultural commodities
Status: in_force

Without restricting price support to those commodities for which a marketing quota or marketing agreement or order program is in effect, price support shall, insofar as feasible, be made available to producers of any storable nonbasic agricultural commodity for which such a program is in effect and who are complying with such program. The level of such support shall not be in excess of 90 per centum of the parity price of such commodity nor less than the level provided in the following table:

 

  

If the supply percentage as of the beginning of the marketing year is: 
The level of support shall be not less than the following percentage of the parity price:

 

  

Not more than 102 
90

More than 102 but not more than 104 
89

More than 104 but not more than 106 
88

More than 106 but not more than 108 
87

More than 108 but not more than 110 
86

More than 110 but not more than 112 
85

More than 112 but not more than 114 
84

More than 114 but not more than 116 
83

More than 116 but not more than 118 
82

More than 118 but not more than 120 
81

More than 120 but not more than 122 
80

More than 122 but not more than 124 
79

More than 124 but not more than 126 
78

More than 126 but not more than 128 
77

More than 128 but not more than 130 
76

More than 130 
75

Provided, That the level of price support may be less than the minimum level provided in the foregoing table if the Secretary, after examination of the availability of funds for mandatory price support programs and consideration of the other factors specified in section 1421(b) of this title, determines that such lower level is desirable and proper.

(Oct. 31, 1949, ch. 792, title III, §302, 63 Stat. 1053.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Inapplicability of Section

Section inapplicable to 2014 through 2018 crops of covered commodities, cotton, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Feb. 7, 2014, through Dec. 31, 2018, see section 9092(b)(9) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2008 through 2012 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning June 18, 2008, through Dec. 31, 2012, see section 8782(b)(9) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 2002 through 2007 crops of covered commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning May 13, 2002, through Dec. 31, 2007, see section 7992(b)(9) of this title.

Section inapplicable to 1996 through 2002 crops of loan commodities, peanuts, and sugar and inapplicable to milk during period beginning Apr. 4, 1996, and ending Dec. 31, 2002, see section 7301(b)(1)(I) of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 2257 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2257: Interchangeability of funds for miscellaneous expenses and general expenses
Interchangeability of funds for miscellaneous expenses and general expenses
Status: in_force

Not to exceed 7 per centum of the amounts appropriated for any fiscal year for the miscellaneous expenses of the work of any bureau, division, or office of the Department of Agriculture shall be available interchangeably for expenditures on the objects included within the general expenses of such bureau, division, or office, but no more than 7 per centum shall be added to any one item of appropriation except in cases of extraordinary emergency.

(Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, title VII, §702(b), 58 Stat. 741.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

This section was enacted as part of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944.

Section was formerly classified to section 572 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
7 U.S.C. § 618 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter III: COMMODITY BENEFITS / Section 618: Existing contracts; imposition of tax on vendee; collection
Existing contracts; imposition of tax on vendee; collection
Status: in_force

(a) If (1) any processor, jobber, or wholesaler has, prior to the date a tax with respect to any commodity is first imposed under this chapter, made a bona fide contract of sale for delivery on or after such date, of any article processed wholly or in chief value from such commodity, and if (2) such contract does not permit the addition to the amount to be paid thereunder of the whole of such tax, then (unless the contract prohibits such addition) the vendee shall pay so much of the tax as is not permitted to be added to the contract price.

(b) Taxes payable by the vendee shall be paid to the vendor at the time the sale is consummated and shall be collected and paid to the United States by the vendor in the same manner as other taxes under this chapter. In case of failure or refusal by the vendee to pay such taxes to the vendor, the vendor shall report the facts to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue who shall cause collections of such taxes to be made from the vendee.

(May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §18, 48 Stat. 41.)

Editorial Notes

Constitutionality

Unconstitutionality of processing and floor stock taxes, see note set out under section 616 of this title.

Separability

Validity of remainder of this chapter as not affected should any of the provisions of this chapter be declared unconstitutional, see section 614 of this title.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers of Department of the Treasury, and functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his functions, by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, referred to in this section, is an officer of Department of the Treasury.
7 U.S.C. § 1359hh (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1359hh: Regulations; violations; publication of Secretary's determinations; jurisdiction of the courts; United States attorneys
Regulations; violations; publication of Secretary's determinations; jurisdiction of the courts; United States attorneys
Status: in_force

(a) Regulations

The Secretary or the Commodity Credit Corporation, as appropriate, shall issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the authority vested in the Secretary in administering this subpart.

(b) Violation

Any person knowingly violating any regulation of the Secretary issued under subsection (a) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation.

(c) Publication in Federal Register

Each determination issued by the Secretary to establish, adjust, or suspend allotments under this subpart shall be promptly published in the Federal Register and shall be accompanied by a statement of the reasons for the determination.

(d) Jurisdiction of courts; United States attorneys

(1) Jurisdiction of courts

The several district courts of the United States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, this subpart or any regulation issued thereunder.

(2) United States attorneys

Whenever the Secretary shall so request, it shall be the duty of the several United States attorneys, in their respective districts, to institute proceedings to enforce the remedies and to collect the penalties provided for in this subpart. The Secretary may elect not to refer to a United States attorney any violation of this subpart or regulation when the Secretary determines that the administration and enforcement of this subpart would be adequately served by written notice or warning to any person committing the violation.

(e) Nonexclusivity of remedies

The remedies and penalties provided for in this subpart shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, any remedies or penalties existing at law or in equity.

(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §359h, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title I, §1403, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 202.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1359hh, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §359h, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title IX, §902, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3486; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title I, §111(j), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1836, related to regulations, violations, publication of Secretary's determinations, jurisdiction of courts, and United States attorneys, prior to the general amendment of this subpart by Pub. L. 107–171.
7 U.S.C. § 3179 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter IV: NATIONAL FOOD AND HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH AND EXTENSION PROGRAM / Section 3179: Research on strategies to promote the selection and consumption of healthy foods
Research on strategies to promote the selection and consumption of healthy foods
Status: in_force

(a) In general

The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall establish a research, demonstration, and technical assistance program to promote healthy eating and reduce the prevalence of obesity, among all population groups but especially among children, by applying the principles and insights of behavioral economics research in schools, child care programs, and other settings.

(b) Priorities

The Secretary shall—

(1) identify and assess the impacts of specific presentation, placement, and other strategies for structuring choices on selection and consumption of healthful foods in a variety of settings, consistent with the most recent version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans published under section 5341 of this title;

(2) demonstrate and rigorously evaluate behavioral economics-related interventions that hold promise to improve diets and promote health, including through demonstration projects that may include evaluation of the use of portion size, labeling, convenience, and other strategies to encourage healthy choices; and

(3) encourage adoption of the most effective strategies through outreach and technical assistance.

(c) Authority

In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary may—

(1) enter into competitively awarded contracts or cooperative agreements; or

(2) provide grants to States or public or private agencies or organizations, as determined by the Secretary.

(d) Application

To be eligible to enter into a contract or cooperative agreement or receive a grant under this section, a State or public or private agency or organization shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require.

(e) Coordination

The solicitation and evaluation of contracts, cooperative agreements, and grant proposals considered under this section shall be coordinated with the Food and Nutrition Service as appropriate to ensure that funded projects are consistent with the operations of Federally supported nutrition assistance programs and related laws (including regulations).

(f) Annual reports

Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that includes a description of—

(1) the policies, priorities, and operations of the program carried out by the Secretary under this section during the fiscal year;

(2) the results of any evaluations completed during the fiscal year; and

(3) the efforts undertaken to disseminate successful practices through outreach and technical assistance.

(g) Authorization of appropriations

(1) In general

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2015.

(2) Use of funds

The Secretary may use up to 5 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (1) for Federal administrative expenses incurred in carrying out this section.

(Pub. L. 111–296, title II, §244, Dec. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 3239.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section was enacted as part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, and not as part of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 which comprises this chapter.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 2010, except as otherwise specifically provided, see section 445 of Pub. L. 111–296, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 1751 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Definition of Secretary

Pub. L. 111–296, §2, Dec. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 3185, provided that: "In this Act [see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 1751 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], the term 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Agriculture."
7 U.S.C. § 4533 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 76: DAIRY RESEARCH AND PROMOTION / Subchapter II: DAIRY RESEARCH PROGRAM / Section 4533: Issuance of order
Issuance of order
Status: in_force

(a) Publication in Federal Register; public comment; submission

After receipt of a proposed dairy products research order, the Secretary may publish such proposed order in the Federal Register and shall give notice and reasonable opportunity for public comment on such proposed order. Such proposed order may be submitted by an organization certified under section 4505 of this title or by any interested person affected by the provisions of subchapter I.

(b) Effective date of order

After the Secretary provides for such publication and a reasonable opportunity for a hearing under subsection (a), the Secretary may issue the dairy products research order. The order so issued shall become effective not later than 90 days after publication in the Federal Register of the order.

(c) Amendment of order

The Secretary may amend, from time to time, the dairy products research order issued under subsection (b).

(Pub. L. 98–180, title I, §132, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title I, §121, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1369.)
7 U.S.C. § 3902 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 70: ANIMAL CANCER RESEARCH / Section 3902: Research program on cancer in animals and birds
Research program on cancer in animals and birds
Status: in_force

The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a program of basic research on cancer in animals and birds at appropriate facilities within the Department of Agriculture or by grants to other qualified research facilities.

(Pub. L. 96–469, §3, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2235.)
7 U.S.C. § 2582 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 57: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION / Subchapter III: PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION AND RIGHTS / Section 2582: Severability
Severability
Status: in_force

If this chapter is held unconstitutional as to some provisions or circumstances, it shall remain in force as to the remaining provisions and other circumstances.

(Pub. L. 91–577, title III, §132, Dec. 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 1558.)
7 U.S.C. § 3403 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 65: WHEAT AND WHEAT FOODS RESEARCH AND NUTRITION EDUCATION / Section 3403: Issuance of orders
Issuance of orders
Status: in_force

(a) Notice and hearing

Whenever the Secretary has reason to believe that the issuance of an order will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter, the Secretary shall give due notice and opportunity for hearing upon a proposed order. Such hearing may be requested and proposal for an order submitted by an organization certified pursuant to section 3413 of this title, or by any interested person affected by the provisions of this chapter, including the Secretary.

(b) Effectuation of Congressional policy

After notice and opportunity for hearing as provided in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall issue an order if the Secretary finds, and sets forth in such order, upon the evidence introduced at such hearing that the issuance of such order and all the terms and conditions thereof will tend to effectuate the declared policy of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 95–113, title XVII, §1704, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1033.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note under section 1307 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 403 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 16: BUREAU OF DAIRY INDUSTRY / Section 403: Transfer of activities of Department of Agriculture to bureau; employment of clerks, etc.
Transfer of activities of Department of Agriculture to bureau; employment of clerks, etc.
Status: in_force

For the purpose of enabling the Secretary of Agriculture and the Chief of the Bureau of Dairy Industry to carry out the purposes of this chapter, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to transfer to the Bureau of Dairy Industry such activities of the Department of Agriculture as he may designate which relate primarily to the dairy industry, and to employ such additional persons in the city of Washington and elsewhere, as may be necessary.

(May 29, 1924, ch. 208, §3, 43 Stat. 243; May 11, 1926, ch. 286, 44 Stat. 499.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

"Bureau of Dairying" established by act May 29, 1924, designated "Bureau of Dairy Industry" by act May 11, 1926.

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Functions of all officers, agencies, and employees of Department of Agriculture transferred, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out as a note under section 2201 of this title.

Functions of Bureau of Dairy Industry transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1947 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §301, eff. July 1, 1947, 12 F.R. 4534, 61 Stat. 952. See note set out under section 391 of this title.

Bureau of Dairy Industry consolidated with other agencies into Agricultural Research Administration for duration of World War II by Ex. Ord. No. 9069, Feb. 23, 1942, 7 F.R. 1409.
7 U.S.C. § 2255b (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 55: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE / Section 2255b: Department of Agriculture conference transparency
Department of Agriculture conference transparency
Status: in_force

(a) Report

(1) Requirement

Not later than September 30 of each year, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, a report on conferences sponsored or held by the Department of Agriculture or attended by employees of the Department of Agriculture.

(2) Contents

Each report under paragraph (1) shall contain—

(A) for each conference sponsored or held by the Department or attended by employees of the Department—

(i) the name of the conference;

(ii) the location of the conference;

(iii) the number of Department of Agriculture employees attending the conference; and

(iv) the costs (including travel expenses) relating to such conference; and

(B) for each conference sponsored or held by the Department of Agriculture for which the Department awarded a procurement contract, a description of the contracting procedures related to such conference.

(3) Exclusions

The requirement in paragraph (1) shall not apply to any conference—

(A) for which the cost to the Federal Government was less than $50,000; or

(B) outside of the United States that is attended by the Secretary or the Secretary's designee as an official representative of the United States government.

(b) Availability of report

Each report submitted in accordance with subsection (a) shall be posted in a searchable format on a Department of Agriculture website that is available to the public.

(c) Definition of conference

In this section, the term "conference"—

(1) means a meeting that—

(A) is held for consultation, education, awareness, or discussion;

(B) includes participants from at least one agency of the Department of Agriculture;

(C) is held in whole or in part at a facility outside of an agency of the Department of Agriculture; and

(D) involves costs associated with travel and lodging for some participants; and

(2) does not include any training program that is continuing education or a curriculum-based educational program, provided that such training program is held independent of a conference of a non-governmental organization.

(Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14208, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14208, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2224; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12611, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 5013.)

Editorial Notes

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 enacted identical sections. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, which directed amendment of section 14209(a)(3)(A) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 by substituting "$50,000" for "$10,000", was executed by making the substitution in subsec. (a)(3)(A) of this section, which is section 14208 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Enactment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1630 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter I: GENERAL PROVISIONS / Section 1630: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act June 4, 1956, ch. 355, title V, §508, 70 Stat. 241, which provided for availability of appropriations for committee expenses in effectuating research and service work, was from the Department of Agriculture and Farm Credit Administration Appropriation Act, 1957, and was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

May 23, 1955, ch. 43, title V, §509, 69 Stat. 64.

June 29, 1954, ch. 409, title V, §509, 68 Stat. 319.
7 U.S.C. § 933 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 31: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AND TELEPHONE SERVICE / Subchapter III: RURAL ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE DIRECT LOAN PROGRAMS / Section 933: Moneys in the Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund
Moneys in the Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund
Status: in_force

Moneys in the fund shall remain on deposit in the Treasury of the United States until disbursed.

(May 20, 1936, ch. 432, title III, §303, as added Pub. L. 93–32, §2, May 11, 1973, 87 Stat. 67.)

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section effective May 11, 1973, see section 12 of Pub. L. 93–32, set out as a note under section 930 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 1931 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter I: REAL ESTATE LOANS / Section 1931: Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §746, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1125
Repealed. Pub. L. 104-127, title VII, §746, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1125
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §310A, as added Pub. L. 92–419, title I, §117, Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 663, related to insured watershed and resource conservation and development loans.
7 U.S.C. § 1351 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 35: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT ACT OF 1938 / Subchapter II: LOANS, PARITY PAYMENTS, CONSUMER SAFEGUARDS, MARKETING QUOTAS, AND MARKETING CERTIFICATES / Section 1351: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title III, §351, 52 Stat. 60, set forth the legislative findings relating to rice marketing quotas pursuant to this subpart and was omitted in view of the repeal of the remaining sections of the subpart.
7 U.S.C. § 5 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 1: COMMODITY EXCHANGES / Section 5: Findings and purpose
Findings and purpose
Status: in_force

(a) Findings

The transactions subject to this chapter are entered into regularly in interstate and international commerce and are affected with a national public interest by providing a means for managing and assuming price risks, discovering prices, or disseminating pricing information through trading in liquid, fair and financially secure trading facilities.

(b) Purpose

It is the purpose of this chapter to serve the public interests described in subsection (a) through a system of effective self-regulation of trading facilities, clearing systems, market participants and market professionals under the oversight of the Commission. To foster these public interests, it is further the purpose of this chapter to deter and prevent price manipulation or any other disruptions to market integrity; to ensure the financial integrity of all transactions subject to this chapter and the avoidance of systemic risk; to protect all market participants from fraudulent or other abusive sales practices and misuses of customer assets; and to promote responsible innovation and fair competition among boards of trade, other markets and market participants.

(Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §3, as added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §108], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–383.)

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 5, acts Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, §3, 42 Stat. 999; June 15, 1936, ch. 545, §2, 49 Stat. 1491; Pub. L. 97–444, title II, §203, Jan. 11, 1983, 96 Stat. 2298, stated legislative findings, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(5) [title I, §108], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–383.
7 U.S.C. § 515 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 21B: TOBACCO CONTROL / Section 515: Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522
Repealed. Pub. L. 108-357, title VI, §611(c), Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1522
Status: repealed

Section 515, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §1, 49 Stat. 1239, related to tobacco production compacts between States.

Section 515a, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §2, 49 Stat. 1240, defined terms as used in this chapter.

Section 515b, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §3, 49 Stat. 1240, related to advancement of funds for administrative expenses.

Section 515c, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §4, 49 Stat. 1240, related to designation of persons to provide advice with compact administration.

Section 515d, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §5, 49 Stat. 1240, related to loans to certain associations of tobacco producers.

Section 515e, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §6, 49 Stat. 1241, related to availability of Department of Agriculture records and facilities.

Section 515f, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §7, 49 Stat. 1241, authorized appropriations and provided for disposition of repayments of advances or loans.

Section 515g, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §8, 49 Stat. 1241, related to availability of funds to other agencies.

Section 515h, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §9, 49 Stat. 1241, related to effect of compacts between States producing cigar tobacco on Puerto Rican commerce.

Section 515i, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §10, 49 Stat. 1242, related to disposition of receipts from sales of marketing certificates.

Section 515j, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §11, 49 Stat. 1242, related to separability of provisions.

Section 515k, act Apr. 25, 1936, ch. 249, §12, 49 Stat. 1242, authorized promulgation of rules and regulations.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of Repeal

Repeal applicable to the 2005 and subsequent crops of tobacco, see section 643 of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective Date note under section 518 of this title.

Short Title

Act Apr. 25, 1936, which was classified to this chapter, was popularly known as the "Tobacco Control Act".

Savings Provision

Pub. L. 108–357, title VI, §614, Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1524, provided that: "The amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle A (§§611–614) of title VI of Pub. L. 108–357, amending sections 609, 1282, 1301, 1303, 1314h, 1361, 1371, 1373, 1375, 1378, 1379, 1428, 1433c–1, and 1441 of this title and section 714c of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, repealing sections 511r, 515 to 515k, 625, 1311 to 1314, 1314–1, 1314b, 1314b–1, 1314b–2, 1314c to 1314j, 1315, 1316, 1445, 1445–1, and 1445–2 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1314c of this title] shall not affect the liability of any person under any provision of law so amended with respect to the 2004 or an earlier crop of each kind of tobacco."
7 U.S.C. § 7252 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 100: AGRICULTURAL MARKET TRANSITION / Subchapter IV: OTHER COMMODITIES / Section 7252: Repealed. Pub. L. 107-76, title VII, §772(b), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 745
Repealed. Pub. L. 107-76, title VII, §772(b), Nov. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 745
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 104–127, title I, §142, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 106–78, title VIII, §807(b), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1181; Pub. L. 106–387, §1(a) [title VII, §742(b)], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–35, related to recourse loan program for commercial processors of dairy products.
7 U.S.C. § 1936a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter I: REAL ESTATE LOANS / Section 1936a: Use of rural development loans and grants for other purposes
Use of rural development loans and grants for other purposes
Status: in_force

If, after making a loan or a grant described in section 2009d(d) of this title, the Secretary determines that the circumstances under which the loan or grant was made have sufficiently changed to make the project or activity for which the loan or grant was made available no longer appropriate, the Secretary may allow the loan borrower or grant recipient to use property (real and personal) purchased or improved with the loan or grant funds, or proceeds from the sale of property (real and personal) purchased with such funds, for another project or activity that (as determined by the Secretary)—

(1) will be carried out in the same area as the original project or activity;

(2) meets the criteria for a loan or a grant described in section 2009d(d) of this title; and

(3) satisfies such additional requirements as are established by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §310G, as added Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6018, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 361.)
7 U.S.C. § 1636f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 38: DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS / Subchapter II: LIVESTOCK MANDATORY REPORTING / Section 1636f: Publication of information on retail purchase prices for representative meat products
Publication of information on retail purchase prices for representative meat products
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Beginning not later than 90 days after October 22, 1999, the Secretary shall compile and publish at least monthly (weekly, if practicable) information on retail prices for representative food products made from beef, pork, chicken, turkey, veal, or lamb.

(b) Information

The report published by the Secretary under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) information on retail prices for each representative food product described in subsection (a); and

(2) information on total sales quantity (in pounds and dollars) for each representative food product.

(c) Meat Price Spreads Report

During the period ending 2 years after the initial publication of the report required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall continue to publish the Meat Price Spreads Report in the same manner as the Report was published before October 22, 1999.

(d) Information collection

(1) In general

To ensure the accuracy of the reports required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall obtain the information for the reports from one or more sources including—

(A) a consistently representative set of retail transactions; and

(B) both prices and sales quantities for the transactions.

(2) Source of information

The Secretary may—

(A) obtain the information from retailers or commercial information sources; and

(B) use valid statistical sampling procedures, if necessary.

(3) Adjustments

In providing information on retail prices under this section, the Secretary may make adjustments to take into account differences in—

(A) the geographic location of consumption;

(B) the location of the principal source of supply;

(C) distribution costs; and

(D) such other factors as the Secretary determines reflect a verifiable comparative retail price for a representative food product.

(e) Administration

The Secretary—

(1) shall collect information under this section only on a voluntary basis; and

(2) shall not impose a penalty on a person for failure to provide the information or otherwise compel a person to provide the information.

(Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 966, title II, §257, as added Pub. L. 106–78, title IX, §911(2), Oct. 22, 1999, 113 Stat. 1204.)
7 U.S.C. § 7000 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 98: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REORGANIZATION / Subchapter VIII: NATIONAL APPEALS DIVISION / Section 7000: Implementation of final determinations of Division
Implementation of final determinations of Division
Status: in_force

(a) In general

On the return of a case to an agency pursuant to the final determination of the Division, the head of the agency shall implement the final determination not later than 30 days after the effective date of the notice of the final determination.

(b) Reports

(1) In general

Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, and every 180 days thereafter, the head of each agency shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, and publish on the website of the Department, a report that includes—

(A) a description of all cases returned to the agency during the period covered by the report pursuant to a final determination of the Division;

(B) the status of implementation of each final determination; and

(C) if the final determination has not been implemented—

(i) the reason that the final determination has not been implemented; and

(ii) the projected date of implementation of the final determination.

(2) Updates

Each month, the head of each agency shall publish on the website of the Department any updates to the reports submitted under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §280, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3233; Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14009, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1446; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14009, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2208.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–246, which was approved June 18, 2008.

Codification

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.

Amendments

2008—Pub. L. 110–246, §14009, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
7 U.S.C. § 3319f (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 64: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING / Subchapter X: FUNDING AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS / Section 3319f: Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12301(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4950
Repealed. Pub. L. 115-334, title XII, §12301(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4950
Status: repealed

Section, Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, §7405, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7410, May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1254; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7410, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2016; Pub. L. 112–240, title VII, §701(e)(3), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2364; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §7409, Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 898, related to beginning farmer and rancher development program.
7 U.S.C. § 606 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 26: AGRICULTURAL ADJUSTMENT / Subchapter II: COTTON OPTION CONTRACTS / Section 606: Repealed. Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §34, 49 Stat. 775
Repealed. Aug. 24, 1935, ch. 641, §34, 49 Stat. 775
Status: repealed

Section, act May 12, 1933, ch. 25, title I, §6, 48 Stat. 33, related to option contracts.
7 U.S.C. § 155 (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 8: NURSERY STOCK AND OTHER PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS / Section 155: Omitted
Omitted
Status: omitted

Editorial Notes

Codification

Section, act Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145, §1 [part], 37 Stat. 854, provided that any class of nursery stock or of any other class of plants, fruits, vegetables, roots, bulbs, seeds, or other plant products of which the importation could be forbidden from any country or locality under the provisions of section 160 of this title could be imported for experimental or scientific purposes by the Department of Agriculture.
7 U.S.C. § 2008a (2024) — Title 7: AGRICULTURE / Chapter 50: AGRICULTURAL CREDIT / Subchapter IV: ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS / Section 2008a: Equitable relief
Equitable relief
Status: in_force

(a) In general

Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary may provide a form of relief described in subsection (c) to any farmer or rancher who—

(1) received a direct farm ownership, operating, or emergency loan under this chapter; and

(2) the Secretary determines is not in compliance with the requirements of this chapter with respect to the loan.

(b) Limitation

The Secretary may only provide relief to a farmer or rancher under subsection (a) if the Secretary determines that the farmer or rancher—

(1) acted in good faith; and

(2) relied on an action of, or the advice of, the Secretary (including any authorized representative of the Secretary) to the detriment of the farming or ranching operation of the farmer or rancher.

(c) Forms of relief

The Secretary may provide to a farmer or rancher under subsection (a) any of the following forms of relief:

(1) The farmer or rancher may retain loans or other benefits received in association with the loan with respect to which the farmer or rancher was determined to be noncompliant under subsection (a)(2).

(2) The farmer or rancher may receive such other equitable relief as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(d) Condition

As a condition of receiving relief under this section, the Secretary may require the farmer or rancher to take actions designed to remedy the noncompliance.

(e) Administrative appeal; judicial review

A determination or action of the Secretary under this section—

(1) shall be final; and

(2) shall not be subject to administrative appeal or judicial review under chapter 7 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §366, as added Pub. L. 115–334, title V, §5305, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4672.)

Editorial Notes

References in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this title", meaning title III of Pub. L. 87–128, Aug. 8, 1961, 75 Stat. 307, known as the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1921 of this title and Tables.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 2008a, Pub. L. 87–128, title III, §366, as added Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, §2316(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4004; amended Pub. L. 102–237, title VII, §701(f), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1879, related to State rural economic development review panel, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §754, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1131.