D.C. Code § 16-2307 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2307
§ 16-2307. Transfer for criminal prosecution.
Status: in_force

(a) Within twenty-one days (excluding Sundays and legal holidays) of the filing of a delinquency petition, or later for good cause shown, and prior to a factfinding hearing on the petition, the Corporation Counsel may file a motion, supported by a statement of facts, requesting transfer of the child for criminal prosecution, if  —
  (1) the child was fifteen or more years of age at the time of the conduct charged, and is alleged to have committed an act which would constitute a felony if committed by an adult;
  (2) the child is sixteen or more years of age and is already under commitment to an agency or institution as a delinquent child;
  (3) a minor eighteen years of age or older is alleged to have committed a delinquent act prior to having become eighteen years of age; or
  (4) a child under 18 years of age is charged with the illegal possession or control of a firearm within 1000 feet of a public or private day care center, elementary school, vocational school, secondary school, college, junior college, or university, or any public swimming pool, playground, video arcade, or youth center, or an event sponsored by any of the above entities. For the purposes of this paragraph “playground” means any facility intended for recreation, open to the public, and with any portion of the facility that contains 1 or more separate apparatus intended for the recreation of children, including, but not limited to, sliding boards, swingsets, and teeterboards. For the purposes of this paragraph “video arcade” means any facility legally accessible to persons under 18 years of age, intended primarily for the use of pinball and video machines for amusement, and which contains a minimum of 10 pinball or video machines. For the purposes of this paragraph “youth center” means any recreational facility or gymnasium (including any parking lot appurtenant thereto), intended primarily for use by persons under 18 years of age, which regularly provide athletic, civic, or cultural activities.
(b) Following the filing of the motion by the Corporation Counsel, summonses shall be issued and served in conformity with the provisions of section 16-2306.
(c) When there are grounds to believe that the child is incompetent to proceed, the Division shall stay the proceedings for the purpose of obtaining an examination pursuant to Chapter 5A of Title 24 [ § 24-531.01 et seq.]. If the Division determines, pursuant to Chapter 5A of Title 24 [ § 24-531.01 et seq.], that the child is incompetent to proceed, the Division shall not proceed to a determination under subsection (d) of this section unless it subsequently has determined that the competency of the child has been restored.
(d) (1) (A) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the Division shall conduct a hearing on each transfer motion to determine whether to transfer the child for criminal prosecution. The hearing shall be held within 30 days (excluding Sundays and legal holidays) after the filing of the transfer motion. Upon motion of the child or the Corporation Counsel, for good cause shown, the hearing may be continued for an additional period not to exceed 30 days (excluding Sundays and legal holidays). If the hearing commences more than 60 days (excluding Sundays and legal holidays) after the filing of the transfer motion, the Division must state in the order the extraordinary circumstances for the delay.
    (B) The judicial decision whether to transfer the child shall be made within 30 days (excluding Sundays and legal holidays) after the conclusion of the transfer hearing. For good cause shown, the Division may extend the time in which to issue its decision by an additional period not to exceed 30 days (excluding Sundays and legal holidays).
  (2) (A) The Division shall order the transfer if it determines that it is in the interest of the public welfare and protection of the public security and there are no reasonable prospects for rehabilitation of the child.
    (B) A statement of the Division’s reasons for ordering the transfer shall accompany the transfer order. The Division’s findings with respect to each of the factors set forth in subsection (e) of this section relating to the public welfare and protection of the public security shall be included in the statement. The statement shall be available upon request to any court in which the transfer is challenged, but shall not be available to the trier of fact of the criminal charge prior to verdict.
(e) Evidence of the following factors shall be considered in determining whether there are reasonable prospects for rehabilitating a child prior to his majority and whether it is in the interest of the public welfare to transfer for criminal prosecution:
  (1) the child’s age;
  (2) the nature of the present offense and the extent and nature of the child’s prior delinquency record;
  (3) the child’s mental condition;
  (4) the child’s response to past treatment efforts including whether the child has absconded from the legal custody of the Mayor or a juvenile institution;
  (5) the techniques, facilities, and personnel for rehabilitation available to the Division and to the court that would have jurisdiction after transfer; and
  (6) The potential rehabilitative effect on the child of providing parenting classes or family counseling for one or more members of the child’s family or for the child’s caregiver or guardian.
(e-1) For purposes of the transfer hearing the Division shall assume that the child committed the delinquent act alleged.
(e-2) There is a rebuttable presumption that a child 15 through 18 years of age who has been charged with any of the following offenses, should be transferred for criminal prosecution in the interest of public welfare and the protection of the public security:
  (1) Murder, first degree sexual abuse, burglary in the first degree, robbery while armed, or assault with intent to commit any such offense;
  (2) Any offense listed in paragraph (1) of this subsection and any other offense properly joinable with such an offense;
  (3) Any crime committed with a firearm; or
  (4) Any offense that if the child were charged as an adult would constitute a violent felony and the child has three or more prior delinquency adjudications.
(f) Prior to a transfer hearing, a study and report, in writing, relevant to the factors in subsection (e), shall be made by the Director of Social Services. This report and all social records that are to be made available to the judge at the transfer hearing shall be made available to counsel for the child and to the Corporation Counsel at least three days prior to the hearing.
(g) A judge who conducts a hearing pursuant to this section shall not, over the objection of the child for whom a motion to transfer was filed, participate in any subsequent factfinding proceedings relating to the offense.
(h) Transfer of a child for criminal prosecution terminates the jurisdiction of the Division over the child with respect to any subsequent delinquent act; except that jurisdiction of the Division over the child is restored if (1) the criminal prosecution is terminated other than by a plea of guilty, a verdict of guilty, or a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity, and (2) at the time of the termination of the criminal prosecution no indictment or information has been filed for criminal prosecution for an offense alleged to have been committed by the child subsequent to transfer.
D.C. Code § 16-902 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-902
§ 16-902. Residency requirements.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, no action for divorce or legal separation shall be maintainable unless one of the parties to the marriage has been a bona fide resident of the District of Columbia for at least 6 months next preceding the commencement of the action.
(b) (1) An action for divorce or legal separation by persons of the same gender, even if neither party to the marriage is a bona fide resident of the District of Columbia at the time the action is commenced, shall be maintainable if the following apply:
    (A) The marriage was performed in the District of Columbia; and
    (B) Neither party to the marriage resides in a jurisdiction that will maintain an action for divorce or legal separation.
  (2) It shall be a rebuttable presumption that a jurisdiction will not maintain an action for divorce or legal separation if the jurisdiction does not recognize the marriage.
  (3) Any action for divorce or legal separation as provided by this subsection, including any accompanying petition for alimony, assignment and equitable distribution of property, pendente lite relief, or child custody determination if the District has jurisdiction under § 16-4602.01 or § 16-4602.03 , shall be adjudicated in accordance with the laws of the District of Columbia.
(c) No action for annulment of a marriage performed outside the District of Columbia or for affirmance of any marriage shall be maintainable unless one of the parties is a bona fide resident of the District of Columbia at the time of the commencement of the action.
(d) The residence of the parties to an action for annulment of a marriage performed in the District of Columbia shall not be considered in determining whether the action shall be maintainable.
(e) If a member of the armed forces of the United States resides in the District of Columbia for a continuous period of 6 months during his or her period of military service, he or she shall be deemed to reside in the District of Columbia for purposes of this section only.
D.C. Code § 16-3106 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 31 / § 16-3106
§ 16-3106. Issues to be made up in plenary proceeding; jury; compelling payment of costs.
Status: in_force

In a plenary proceeding provided for by section 16-3105  , the Probate Court shall give judgment, or decree upon the bill an answer, or upon bill, answer, depositions, or finding of the jury. In all cases of contest, the court may award costs to the party deemed entitled thereto, and may compel payment by exercising its contempt power, or by attachment and sequestration of the property as provided by section 16-3104  .
D.C. Code § 16-581 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-581
§ 16-581. Rules of procedure.
Status: in_force

The judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia shall establish such rules of procedure for their respective courts as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of this subchapter.
D.C. Code § 16-1381 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1381
§ 16-1381. Acquisition of property in excess of needs.
Status: in_force

In order to promote the orderly and proper development of the seat of government of the United States, agencies of the United States authorized by law to acquire real property, may acquire, in the public interest, by gift, dedication, exchange, purchase, or condemnation fee simple title to land (or rights in or on land or easements or restrictions therein) within the District of Columbia for public uses, works, and improvements authorized by Congress, in excess of that actually needed for and essential to their usefulness, in order to preserve the view, appearance, light, and air and to enhance their usefulness, to prevent the use of private property adjacent to them in such a manner as to impair the public benefit derived from the construction thereof, or to prevent inequities or hardships to the owners of adjacent private property by depriving them of the beneficial use of their property.
D.C. Code § 16-2101 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 21 / § 16-2101
§ 16-2101. Definition of joint and several contracts.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of action thereon, a contract or obligation entered into by two or more persons, whether:
(1) the persons are partners or joint contractors;
(2) the contract is under seal or not;
(3) it is written or verbal; or
(4) it is expressed to be joint and several or not —
is deemed to be joint and several.
D.C. Code § 16-5306 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 53 / § 16-5306
§ 16-5306. Form of unsworn declaration.
Status: in_force

An unsworn declaration under this chapter shall be in substantially the following form:
“I declare under penalty of perjury under the law of the District of Columbia that the foregoing is true and correct, and that I am physically located outside the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
“Executed on the date day of month, year, at
(city or other location, and state), (country):
(printed name)
(signature).”
D.C. Code § 16-4405 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 44 / § 16-4405
§ 16-4405. Application for judicial relief.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in § 16-4427 , an application for judicial relief under this chapter shall be made by motion to the court and heard in the manner provided by law or rule of court for making and hearing motions.
(b) Unless a civil action involving the agreement to arbitrate is pending, notice of an initial motion to the court under this chapter shall be served in the manner provided by law for the service of a summons in a civil action. Otherwise, notice of the motion shall be given in the manner provided by law or rule of court for serving motions in pending cases.
D.C. Code § 16-2339 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2339
§ 16-2339. Immunity for juveniles who are witnesses in juvenile proceedings.
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever a child, other than a child transferred for criminal prosecution pursuant to section 16-2307, who is called as a witness refuses on the basis of the privilege against self-incrimination to testify or provide other information in or ancillary to a delinquency proceeding brought under this chapter in the Family Division, and the person presiding over the proceeding communicates to the witness an order issued under subsection (c) of this section, the witness may not refuse to comply with the order on the basis of the privilege against self-incrimination. However, no testimony or other information compelled under the order (or any information directly or indirectly derived from such testimony or other information) may be used against the witness except in a proceeding for perjury, giving a false statement, or otherwise failing to comply with the order.
(b) The Corporation Counsel may request an order under subsection (c) of this section when the testimony or other information may be necessary to the public interest, and the child called as a witness has refused or is likely to refuse to testify or provide other information on the basis of the privilege against self-incrimination.
(c) When any child, other than a child transferred for criminal prosecution pursuant to section 16-2307, has been or may be called to testify or provide other information in or ancillary to a delinquency proceeding brought under this chapter in the Family Division, and the Corporation Counsel has made a request under subsection (b) of this section, the judge presiding over the proceeding shall issue an order requiring the child to give testimony or provide other information which was refused on the basis of the privilege against self-incrimination. An order issued pursuant to this subsection shall become effective as provided in subsection (a) of this section.
D.C. Code § 16-918 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-918
§ 16-918. Appointment of counsel; compensation; termination of appointment.
Status: in_force

(a) In all cases under this chapter, where the court deems it necessary or proper, a disinterested attorney may be appointed by the court to enter his appearance for the defendant and actively defend the cause.
(b) In any proceeding wherein the custody of a child is in question, the court may appoint a disinterested attorney to appear on behalf of the child and represent his best interests.
(c) An attorney appointed under this section may receive such compensation for his services as the court determines to be proper, which the court may order to be paid by either or both of the parties.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any rule of court, the appearance of an attorney in any action under this chapter before a court of original jurisdiction shall be deemed to have terminated for the purpose of service of any motion, process, or any other pleading, upon completion of the case ending in a judgment, adjudication, decree, or final order from which no appeal has been taken when the time allowed for an appeal expires, and, if notice of appeal has been entered, upon the date of the final disposition of the appeal. There shall be no action required of any person or attorney under this subsection, but the court having jurisdiction over the matter may suspend the termination of the appearance on its own motion, or on the motion of any party to the case prior to the expiration of the time for appeal.
D.C. Code § 16-1334 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1334
§ 16-1334. Retention, for public use, of excess property.
Status: in_force

When the authorities of the District of Columbia having jurisdiction of real property, rights, or easements acquired pursuant to this subchapter, elect to retain any of them for the use of the District, they may use the property, rights or easements for park, playground, highway, or alley purposes, or for any other lawful purpose that they deem advantageous or in the public interest.
D.C. Code § 16-5006 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 50 / § 16-5006
§ 16-5006. Effect of failure to request criminal records check.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-2106 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 21 / § 16-2106
§ 16-2106. Separate composition or compromise.
Status: in_force

Any one of several joint debtors when their debt is overdue, may make a separate composition or compromise with their creditors, with the same effect as is provided in the case of parties by Chapter 3 of Title 41 [now chapter 3 of Title 33 ].
D.C. Code § 16-4509 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 45 / § 16-4509
§ 16-4509. Information under oath to be submitted to the Superior Court.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-575 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-575
§ 16-575. Judgment against employer-garnishee for failure to pay percentages.
Status: in_force

If the employer-garnishee fails to pay to the judgment creditor the percentages prescribed in this subchapter of the wages which become payable to the judgment debtor for any pay period, judgment shall be entered against him for an amount equal to the percentages with respect to which the failure occurs.
D.C. Code § 16-574 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-574
§ 16-574. Judgment creditor to file receipts, in court, of amount collected.
Status: in_force

(a) The judgment creditor shall:
  (1) file with the clerk of the court, every three months after the serving of an attachment upon an employer-garnishee, a receipt showing the amount received and the balance due under the attachment as of the date of filing;
  (2) file a final receipt with the court and furnish a copy thereof to the employee-garnishee; and
  (3) obtain a vacation of the attachment within 20 days after the attachment has been satisfied.
(b) If the judgment creditor fails to file any of the receipts prescribed by subsection (a) of this section, an interested party may move the court to compel the defaulting judgment creditor to appear in court and make an accounting forthwith. The court may, in its discretion, enter judgment for any damages, including a reasonable attorney’s fee suffered by, and tax costs in favor of, the party filing the motion to compel the accounting.
D.C. Code § 16-3105 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 31 / § 16-3105
§ 16-3105. Plenary proceeding; refusal to answer as required.
Status: in_force

When either of the parties having a contest in the Probate Court requires, the court may direct a plenary proceeding, by bill or petition, to which there shall be an answer, on oath or affirmation. If the party, refuses to answer on oath or affirmation, as the case may require, to any matter alleged in the bill or petition, and proper for the court to decide upon, the court may exercise its contempt power, or it may have his property attached and sequestered as provided by section 16-3104  .
D.C. Code § 16-4404 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 44 / § 16-4404
§ 16-4404. Effect of agreement to arbitrate; nonwaivable provisions.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c) of his section, a party to an agreement to arbitrate or to an arbitration proceeding may waive or, the parties may vary the effect of, the requirements of this chapter to the extent permitted by law.
(b) Before a controversy arises that is subject to an agreement to arbitrate, a party to the agreement may not:
  (1) Waive or agree to vary the effect of the requirements of §§ 16-4403(d) and (e), 16-4405 , 16-4406(a) or (c), 16-4408 , 16-4409 , 16-4412 , 16-4417(a) , 16-4417(b) , 16-4421 , 16-4426 , or 16-4427 ; or
  (2) Waive the right under § 16-4416 of a party to an agreement to arbitrate to be represented by a lawyer at any proceeding or hearing under this chapter, but an employer and a labor organization may waive the right to representation by a lawyer in a labor arbitration.
(c) A party to an agreement to arbitrate or arbitration proceeding may not waive, or the parties may not vary the effect of, the requirements of this section or §§ 16-4403(a) or (c), 16-4407 , 16-4414 , 16-4418 , 16-4419 , 16-4420(d) or (e), 16-4422 , 16-4423 , 16-4424 , 16-4425 , and 16-4429 , except that, if there is an agreement to arbitrate disputes over insurance obligations by and between 2 or more insurers, reinsurers, self-insurers, or reinsurance intermediaries, or any combination of them, the parties to the agreement may waive the right to vacatur under § 16-4423 .
D.C. Code § 16-2105 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 21 / § 16-2105
§ 16-2105. Proof of joint liability unnecessary; judgment.
Status: in_force

In actions ex contractu against alleged joint debtors it is not necessary for the plaintiff to prove their joint liability as alleged in order to maintain his action. He is entitled to recover, as in actions ex delicto, against such of the defendants as are shown by the evidence to be jointly indebted to him, or against one only, if he alone is shown to be indebted to him and judgment shall be rendered as if the others had not been joined in the action.
D.C. Code § 16-831.13 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 8A / § 16-831.13
§ 16-831.13. Other actions for custody not abolished, diminished, or preempted.
Status: in_force

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the ability of any person to seek custody of a child under any other statutory, common law, or equitable cause of action or to preempt any authority of the court to hear and adjudicate custody claims under the court’s common law or equitable jurisdiction.
D.C. Code § 16-4603.11 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4603.11
§ 16-4603.11. Warrant to take physical custody of child.
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the filing of a petition seeking enforcement of a child-custody determination, the petitioner may file a verified application for the issuance of a warrant to take physical custody of the child if the child is imminently likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from the District.
(b) If the court, upon the testimony of the petitioner or other witness, finds that the child is imminently likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from the District, it may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child. The petition must be heard on the next judicial day after the warrant is executed unless that date is impossible. In that event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The application for the warrant must include the statements required by section 16-4603.08(b).
(c) A warrant to take physical custody of a child must:
  (1) Recite the facts upon which a conclusion of imminent serious physical harm or removal from the jurisdiction is based;
  (2) Direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately; and
  (3) Provide for the placement of the child pending final relief.
(d) The respondent must be served with the petition, warrant, and order immediately after the child is taken into physical custody.
(e) A warrant to take physical custody of a child is enforceable throughout the District. If the court finds on the basis of the testimony of the petitioner or other witness that a less intrusive remedy is not effective, it may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property to take physical custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances of the case, the court may authorize law enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.
(f) The court may impose conditions upon placement of a child to ensure the appearance of the child and the child’s custodian.
D.C. Code § 16-1366 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1366
§ 16-1366. Payment of compensation into court; vesting of title.
Status: in_force

Payment into the registry of the court for the use of the parties entitled of the sum adjudged to be just compensation for the property to be condemned and taken, or for any parcel thereof, or any interest therein, pursuant to this subchapter, constitutes payment of the compensation. Upon the payment, the plaintiff is entitled to an order declaring that the title to the property in respect of which the compensation is so paid is vested in the United States of America. The money so paid into the registry of the court shall be deemed to be vested in the persons owning or interested in the property, according to their respective estates and interest, and the money shall take the place and stand in lieu of the property condemned. The court, upon the application of the plaintiff or of any party in interest, may determine and direct who is entitled to receive payment of the money so paid into the registry, and, in its discretion, order a reference to the auditor of the court or a special master to ascertain the facts on which the determination and direction are to be made.
D.C. Code § 16-2312 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2312
§ 16-2312. Detention or shelter care hearing; intermediate disposition.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) When a child is not released as provided in section 16-2311 and the child is alleged to be abused or neglected:
    (A) A guardian ad litem shall be appointed to represent the child’s best interest within 24 hours (excluding Sundays) of the child having been taken into custody;
    (B) A shelter care hearing shall be commenced not later than 72 hours (excluding Sundays) after the child has been taken into custody; and
    (C) A petition shall be filed at or prior to the shelter care hearing.
  (2) When a child is not released as provided in section 16-2311 and the child is alleged to be delinquent:
    (A) A detention hearing shall be commenced not later than the next day (excluding Sundays) after the child has been taken into custody or transferred from another court as provided by section 16-2302; and
    (B) A petition shall be filed at or prior to the detention hearing.
  (3) When a child is not released as provided in [§ 16-2311] and the child is alleged to be a child in need of supervision:
    (A) A shelter care hearing shall be commenced not later than 72 hours (excluding Sundays) after the child has been taken into custody; and
    (B) A petition shall be filed at or before the shelter care hearing.
(a-1) (1) During the 72-hour period authorized in subsection (a)(1) of this section, the Agency may convene a family team meeting to solicit the input of family members, relatives, and others concerned with the welfare of the child to develop a safety plan approved by the Agency. At a minimum, the Agency shall invite parents, relatives, caregivers, community representatives, service providers, and the guardian ad litem appointed to represent the child’s best interest to attend a family team meeting.
  (2) The Agency shall summarize the discussion from a family team meeting and record the safety plan approved by the Agency in the appropriate electronic database, and distribute a copy of the plan to all participants of the family team meeting. The safety plan shall clearly outline the roles and responsibilities of each participant and the target dates for each action set forth in the plan.
(b) Prompt notice of the detention or shelter care hearing shall be given, if delinquency or need of supervision is alleged, to the child, and to his spouse (if any), parent, guardian, or custodian, if he can be found, or, if neglect is alleged, to the child, and to the parent, guardian, or custodian named in the petition if he can be found. Counsel for the child, and in neglect cases counsel for the parent, guardian, or custodian, shall be entitled to a copy of the petition prior to the hearing.
(c) At the commencement of the hearing the judge shall advise the parties of the right to counsel, as provided in section 16-2304, and shall appoint counsel if required. He shall also inform them of the contents of the petition and shall afford the child, or in a neglect case, the parent, guardian, or custodian, an opportunity to admit or deny the allegations in the petition. He shall then hear from the Corporation Counsel to determine whether the child should be placed or continued in detention or shelter care under the criteria in section 16-2310. The child and his parent, guardian, or custodian shall have a right to be heard in their own behalf.
(d) (1) At the conclusion of the hearing, the judge shall —
    (A) order detention or shelter care, setting forth in writing his reasons therefor, if he finds that the child’s detention or shelter care is required under the criteria in section 16-2310; or
    (B) order the child released if he finds that the child’s detention or shelter care is not required under such criteria.
  (2) If a child is ordered released under paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection, the judge may impose one or more of the following conditions:
    (A) Placement of the child in the custody of a parent, guardian, or custodian or under supervision of a person or organization agreeing to supervise him.
    (B) Placement of restrictions on the child’s travel, activities, or place of abode during the period of release.
    (C) Any other condition reasonably necessary to assure the appearance of the child at a factfinding hearing or his protection from harm, including a requirement that the child return to the physical custody of the parent, guardian, or custodian after specified hours.
  (3) If neglect is alleged, an order of shelter care under this subsection shall include a determination of whether:
    (A) Reasonable efforts were made to prevent or eliminate the need for removal, or, in the alternative, a determination that the child’s removal from the home is necessary regardless of any services that could be provided to the child or the child’s family; and
    (B) Continuation of the child in the child’s home would be contrary to the welfare of the child.
(e) When a judge finds that a child’s detention or shelter care is required under the criteria of section 16-2310, he shall then hear evidence presented by the Corporation Counsel to determine whether there is probable cause to believe the allegations in the petition are true. The child, his parent, guardian or custodian may present evidence on the issues and be heard in their own behalf.
(f) When a judge finds there is probable cause to believe the allegations in the petition are true, he shall order the child to be placed or continued in detention or shelter care and set forth is reasons. When a judge finds that there is not probable cause to believe the allegations in the petition are true, he shall order the child to be released.
(g) The Division at a detention or shelter care hearing may not postpone the determination of whether detention or shelter care is required. For good cause shown, however, the Division may grant a continuance of any other part of the hearing (including the filing of a petition) for a period not to exceed five days.
(h) On motion by or on behalf of the child, a child in custody shall be released from custody if his detention or shelter care hearing is not commenced within the time set herein.
(i) If a child is not released after his detention or shelter care hearing and the parent, guardian or custodian did not receive notice thereof, the Division may, in the interest of justice, conduct a new hearing in accordance with rules prescribed by the Superior Court.
(j) Upon objection of the child or his parent, guardian or custodian, a judge who conducted a detention or shelter care hearing shall not conduct a factfinding hearing on the petition.
(k) A presumption shall exist that a child will attend the same school that he or she would have attended but for the child’s entry into shelter care, unless it is determined that it is not in the child’s best interest to do so.
D.C. Code § 16-1356 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1356
§ 16-1356. Setting date for trial.
Status: in_force

In a proceeding pursuant to this subchapter, after all defendants have been served with notice, and there has been return of service, as provided by rule 71A(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure  , and after defendants have appeared or answered in the manner provided by rule 71A(e) thereof, either personally or by their guardians ad litem or other legal representatives, or are in default, the case shall be regarded as ready for trial, and, upon the application of any party to the proceeding, the court shall forthwith set an early date to be fixed by it, not less than ten nor more than twenty days from the date of the application, for the trial of the issues of law and fact raised in the case, and the ascertainment of the compensation or damages to be awarded for the taking of the property to be condemned.
D.C. Code § 16-1384 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1384
§ 16-1384. Condemnation of excess real property by United States agencies; payment of awards, damages and costs.
Status: in_force

(a) When excess real property is condemned by agencies of the United States as provided by this subchapter, the condemnation proceedings for the acquisition of the property shall be in accordance with subchapter IV of this chapter , or any laws in effect at the time of the commencement of condemnation proceedings for the acquisition of real property in the District of Columbia for the use of the United States.
(b) Appropriations available for the condemnation of property pursuant to subchapter IV of this chapter may be used in the payment of awards, damages, and costs in condemnation proceedings pursuant to that subchapter for the acquisition of excess real property as provided in this subchapter.
D.C. Code § 16-4604.08 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4604.08
§ 16-4604.08. Provisions and measures to prevent abduction.
Status: in_force

(a) If a petition is filed under this subchapter, the court may enter an order that shall include:
  (1) The basis for the court’s exercise of jurisdiction;
  (2) The manner in which notice and opportunity to be heard were given to the persons entitled to notice of the proceeding;
  (3) A detailed description of each party’s custody and visitation rights and residential arrangements for the child;
  (4) A provision stating that a violation of the order may subject the party in violation to civil and criminal penalties; and
  (5) Identification of the child’s country of habitual residence at the time of the issuance of the order.
(b) If, at a hearing on a petition under this subchapter or on the court’s own motion, the court after reviewing the evidence finds a credible risk of abduction of the child by a preponderance of the evidence, the court shall enter an abduction prevention order. The order shall include the provisions required by subsection (a) of this section and measures and conditions, including those in subsections (c), (d), and (e) of this section, that are reasonably calculated to prevent abduction of the child, giving due consideration to the custody and visitation rights of the parties. The court shall consider:
  (1) The age of the child;
  (2) The potential harm to the child from an abduction;
  (3) The legal and practical difficulties of returning the child to the jurisdiction if abducted; and
  (4) The reasons for the potential abduction, including evidence of domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect.
(c) An abduction prevention order may include one or more of the following:
  (1) An imposition of travel restrictions that require that a party traveling with the child outside a designated geographical area provide the other party with the following:
    (A) The travel itinerary of the child;
    (B) A list of physical addresses and telephone numbers at which the child can be reached at specified times; and
    (C) Copies of all travel documents;
  (2) A prohibition of the respondent directly or indirectly:
    (A) Removing the child from this state, the United States, or another geographic area without permission of the court or the petitioner’s written consent;
    (B) Removing or retaining the child in violation of a child-custody determination;
    (C) Removing the child from school or a child-care or similar facility; or
    (D) Approaching the child at any location other than a site designated for supervised visitation;
  (3) A requirement that a party register the order in another state as a prerequisite to allowing the child to travel to that state;
  (4) With regard to the child’s passport:
    (A) A direction that the petitioner place the child’s name in the United States Department of State’s Child Passport Issuance Alert Program;
    (B) A requirement that the respondent surrender to the court or the petitioner’s attorney any United States or foreign passport issued in the child’s name, including a passport issued in the name of both the parent and the child; and
    (C) A prohibition upon the respondent from applying on behalf of the child for a new or replacement passport or visa;
  (5) As a prerequisite to exercising custody or visitation, a requirement that the respondent provide:
    (A) To the United States Department of State Office of Children’s Issues and the relevant foreign consulate or embassy, an authenticated copy of the order detailing passport and travel restrictions for the child;
    (B) To the court:
      (i) Proof that the respondent has provided the information in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; and
      (ii) An acknowledgment in a record from the relevant foreign consulate or embassy that no passport application has been made, or passport issued, on behalf of the child;
    (C) To the petitioner, proof of registration with the United States Embassy or other United States diplomatic presence in the destination country and with the Central Authority for the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, if that Convention is in effect between the United States and the destination country, unless one of the parties objects; and
    (D) A written waiver under 5 U.S.C. § 552a with respect to any document, application, or other information pertaining to the child authorizing its disclosure to the court and the petitioner; and
  (6) Upon the petitioner’s request, a requirement that the respondent obtain an order from the relevant foreign country containing terms identical to the child-custody determination issued in the United States.
(d) In an abduction prevention order, the court may impose conditions on the exercise of custody or visitation that:
  (1) Limit visitation or require that visitation with the child by the respondent be supervised until the court finds that supervision is no longer necessary and order the respondent to pay the costs of supervision;
  (2) Require the respondent to post a bond or provide other security in an amount sufficient to serve as a financial deterrent to abduction, the proceeds of which may be used to pay for the reasonable expenses of recovery of the child, including reasonable attorneys fees and costs if there is an abduction; and
  (3) Require the respondent to obtain education on the potentially harmful effects to the child from abduction.
(e) To prevent imminent abduction of a child, a court may:
  (1) Issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child under § 16-4604.09 or the law of this state other than this subchapter;
  (2) Direct the use of law enforcement to take any action reasonably necessary to locate the child, obtain return of the child, or enforce a custody determination under this subchapter or the law of this state other than this subchapter; or
  (3) Grant any other relief allowed under the law of this state other than this subchapter.
(f) The remedies provided in this subchapter are cumulative and do not affect the availability of other remedies to prevent abduction.
D.C. Code § 16-2301 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2301
§ 16-2301. Definitions.
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter —
(1) The term “Division” means the Family Division of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Pursuant to section 16-2301.01, the term “Division” shall be deemed to refer to the Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
(1A) “Family Court” means the Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
(2) The term “judge” means a judge assigned to the Family Division of the Superior Court.
(3) The term “child” means an individual who is under 18 years of age, except that the term “child” does not include an individual who is sixteen years of age or older and —
  (A) charged by the United States attorney with (i) murder, first degree sexual abuse, burglary in the first degree, robbery while armed, or assault with intent to commit any such offense, or (ii) an offense listed in clause (i) and any other offense properly joinable with such an offense;
  (B) charged with an offense referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) and convicted by plea or verdict of a lesser included offense; or
  (C) charged with a traffic offense.
For purposes of this subchapter the term “child” also includes a person under the age of twenty-one who is charged with an offense referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) or (C) committed before he attained the age of sixteen, or a delinquent act committed before he attained the age of eighteen.
(4) The term “minor” means an individual who is under the age of twenty-one years.
(5) The term “adult” means an individual who is twenty-one years of age or older.
(6) The term “delinquent child” means a child who has committed a delinquent act and is in need of care or rehabilitation.
(7) The term “delinquent act” means an act designated as an offense under the law of the District of Columbia, or of a State if the act occurred in a State, or under Federal law. Traffic offenses shall not be deemed delinquent acts unless committed by an individual who is under the age of sixteen.
(8) The term “child in need of supervision” means a child who —
  (A) (i) subject to compulsory school attendance and habitually truant from school without justification;
    (ii) has committed an offense committable only by children; or
    (iii) is habitually disobedient of the reasonable and lawful commands of his parent, guardian, or other custodian and is ungovernable; and
  (B) is in need of care or rehabilitation.
(9) (A) The term “neglected child” means a child:
    (i) who has been abandoned or abused by his or her parent, guardian, or custodian, or whose parent, guardian, or custodian has failed to make reasonable efforts to prevent the infliction of abuse upon the child. For the purposes of this sub-subparagraph, the term “reasonable efforts” includes petitioning for a civil protection order pursuant to § 16-1003 , where the child is a family member, as that term is defined in § 16-1001(5A) ;
    (ii) who is without proper parental care or control, subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or control necessary for his or her physical, mental, or emotional health, and the deprivation is not due to the lack of financial means of his or her parent, guardian, or custodian;
    (iii) whose parent, guardian, or custodian is unable to discharge his or her responsibilities to and for the child because of incarceration, hospitalization, or other physical or mental incapacity;
    (iv) whose parent, guardian, or custodian refuses or is unable to assume the responsibility for the child’s care, control, or subsistence and the person or institution which is providing for the child states an intention to discontinue such care;
    (v) who is in imminent danger of being abused and another child living in the same household or under the care of the same parent, guardian, or custodian has been abused;
    (vi) who has received negligent treatment or maltreatment from his or her parent, guardian, or custodian;
    (vii) who has resided in a hospital located in the District of Columbia for at least 10 calendar days following the birth of the child, despite a medical determination that the child is ready for discharge from the hospital, and the parent, guardian, or custodian of the child has not taken any action or made any effort to maintain a parental, guardianship, or custodial relationship or contact with the child;
    (viii) who is born addicted or dependent on a controlled substance or has a significant presence of a controlled substance in his or her system at birth;
    (ix) in whose body there is a controlled substance as a direct and foreseeable consequence of the acts or omissions of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian;
    (x) who is regularly exposed to illegal drug-related activity in the home; or
    (xi) who has been subjected to, or is in imminent danger of being subjected to, female genital mutilation pursuant to [§ 22-1431(b)] .
  (B) No child who in good faith is under treatment solely by spiritual means through prayer in accordance with the tenets and practices of a recognized church or religious denomination by a duly accredited practitioner thereof shall for that reason alone be considered a neglected child for the purposes of this subchapter.
  (C) Subparagraph (A)(viii), (ix), and (x) of this paragraph shall apply as of October 1, 2003.
(10) Repealed.
(11) Repealed.
(12) The term “custodian” means a person or agency, other than a parent or legal guardian:
  (A) to whom the legal custody of a child has been granted by the order of a court;
  (B) who is acting in loco parentis; or
  (C) who is a day care provider or an employee of a residential facility, in the case of the placement of an abused or neglected child.
(13) The term “detention” means the temporary, secure custody of a child in facilities, designated by the Division, pending a final disposition of a petition.
(14) The term “shelter care” means the temporary care of a child in physically unrestricting facilities, designated by the Division, pending a final disposition of a petition.
(15) The term “detention or shelter care hearing” means a hearing to determine whether a child who is in custody should be placed or continued in detention or shelter care.
(16) The term “factfinding hearing” means a hearing to determine whether the allegations of a petition are true.
(17) The term “dispositional hearing” means a hearing, after a finding of fact, to determine —
  (A) whether the child in a delinquency or need of supervision case is in need of care or rehabilitation and, if so, what order of disposition should be made; or
  (B) what order of disposition should be made in a neglect case.
(18) The term “probation” means a legal status created by Division order following an adjudication of delinquency or need of supervision, whereby a minor is permitted to remain in the community subject to appropriate supervision and return to the Division for violation of probation at any time during the period of probation.
(19) The term “protective supervision” means a legal status created by Division order in neglect cases whereby a minor is permitted to remain in his home under supervision, subject to return to the Division during the period of protective supervision.
(20) The term “guardianship of the person of a minor” means the duty and authority to make important decisions in matters having a permanent effect on the life and development of the minor, and concern with his general welfare. It includes (but is not limited to) —
  (A) authority to consent to enlistment in the armed forces of the United States, and major medical, surgical, or psychiatric treatment; to represent the minor in legal actions; and to make other decisions concerning the minor of substantive legal significance;
  (B) the authority and duty of reasonable visitation (except as limited by Division order);
  (C) the rights and responsibilities of legal custody when guardianship of the person is exercised by the natural or adoptive parent (except where legal custody has been vested in another person or an agency or institution); and
  (D) the authority to exercise residual parental rights and responsibilities when the rights of his parents or only living parent have been judicially terminated or when both parents are dead.
(21) The term “legal custody” means a legal status created by Division order which vests in a custodian the responsibility for the custody of a minor which includes —
  (A) physical custody and the determination of where and with whom the minor shall live;
  (B) the right and duty to protect, train, and discipline the minor; and
  (C) the responsibility to provide the minor with food, shelter, education, and ordinary medical care.
A Division order of “legal custody” is subordinate to the rights and responsibilities of the guardian of the person of the minor and any residual parental rights and responsibilities.
(22) The term “residual parental rights and responsibilities” means those rights and responsibilities remaining with the parent after transfer of legal custody or guardianship of the person, including (but not limited to) the right of visitation, consent to adoption, and determination of religious affiliation and the responsibility for support.
(23) (A) The term “abused”, when used with reference to a child, means:
    (i) infliction of physical or mental injury upon a child;
    (ii) sexual abuse or exploitation of a child; or
    (iii) negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child.
  (B) (i) The term “abused”, when used with reference to a child, does not include discipline administered by a parent, guardian or custodian to his or her child; provided, that the discipline is reasonable in manner and moderate in degree and otherwise does not constitute cruelty. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term “discipline” does not include:
      (I) burning, biting, or cutting a child;
      (II) striking a child with a closed fist;
      (III) inflicting injury to a child by shaking, kicking, or throwing the child;
      (IV) nonaccidental injury to a child under the age of 18 months;
      (V) interfering with a child’s breathing; and
      (VI) threatening a child with a dangerous weapon or using such a weapon on a child. For purposes of this provision, the term “dangerous weapon” means a firearm, a knife, or any of the prohibited weapons described in § 22-4514 .
    (ii) The list in sub-subparagraph (i) of this subparagraph is illustrative of unacceptable discipline and is not intended to be exclusive or exhaustive.
(24) The term “negligent treatment” or “maltreatment” means failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care, which includes medical neglect, and the deprivation is not due to the lack of financial means of his or her parent, guardian, or other custodian.
(25) The term “sexual exploitation” means a parent, guardian, or other custodian allows a child to engage in prostitution as defined in section 2(1) of the Control of Prostitution and Sale of Controlled Substances in Public Places Criminal Control Act of 1981, effective December 10, 1981 ( D.C. Law 4-57 ; § 22-2701.01 [now § 22-2701.01(3) ]), or means a parent, guardian, or other custodian engages a child or allows a child to engage in obscene or pornographic photography, filming, or other forms of illustrating or promoting sexual conduct as defined in section 2(5) of the District of Columbia Protection of Minors Act of 1982, effective March 9, 1983 ( D.C. Law 4-173 ; § 22-3101(5) ).
(26) The term “parenting classes” means any program which enhances the parenting skills of individuals through providing role models, discussion, training in early childhood development and child psychology, or other instruction designed to strengthen the parent, guardian, or custodian’s ability to nurture children.
(27) The term “family counseling” means any psychological or psychiatric or other social service offered by a provider to the parent and 1 or more members of the extended family or the child’s guardian or other caretaker of a child who has been adjudicated neglected, delinquent, or in need of supervision. A caretaker is an adult person in whose care a minor has been entrusted by written authorization of the child’s parent, guardian, or legal custodian.
(28) The term “entry into foster care” means the earlier of:
  (A) The date of the first judicial finding that the child has been neglected; or
  (B) The date that is 60 days after the date on which the child is removed from the home.
(29) The term “Agency” means the Child and Family Services Agency established by section 6-2121.01 [ §  4-1303.01a ].
(30) The term “physical injury” means bodily harm greater than transient pain or minor temporary marks.
(31) The term “mental injury” means harm to a child’s psychological or intellectual functioning, which may be exhibited by severe anxiety, depression, withdrawal, or outwardly aggressive behavior, or a combination of those behaviors, and which may be demonstrated by a change in behavior, emotional response, or cognition.
(32) The term “sexual abuse” means:
  (A) engaging in, or attempting to engage in, a sexual act or sexual contact with a child;
  (B) causing or attempting to cause a child to engage in sexually explicit conduct; or
  (C) exposing a child to sexually explicit conduct.
(33) The term “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated:
  (A) sexual act;
  (B) sexual contact;
  (C) bestiality;
  (D) masturbation; or
  (E) lascivious exhibition of the genitals, anus, or pubic area.
(34) The term “sexual act” shall have the same meaning as provided in section 101(8) of the Anti-Sexual Abuse Act of 1994,    effective May 23, 1995 ( D.C. Law 10-257 ; D.C. Official Code § 22-3001(8) ).
(35) The term “sexual contact” shall have the same meaning as provided in section 101(9) of the Anti-Sexual Abuse Act of 1994,  effective May 23, 1995 ( D.C. Law 10-257 ;  D.C. Official Code § 22-3001(9) ).
(36) The term “controlled substance” means a drug or chemical substance, or immediate precursor, as set forth in Schedules I through V of the District of Columbia Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 1981, effective August 5, 1981 ( D.C. Law 4-29 ; D.C. Official Code § 48-901.01 et seq.), which has not been prescribed by a physician.
(37) The term “drug-related activity” means the use, sale, distribution, or manufacture of a drug or drug paraphernalia without a legally valid license or medical prescription.
(38) The term “incompetent to proceed” means that a child alleged to be delinquent is not competent to participate in a hearing on the petition pursuant to section 16-2316(a) or any other hearing in a delinquency proceeding, except scheduling, status, and competency hearings, because he or she does not have sufficient present ability to consult with his or her lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding or does not have a rational, as well as a factual, understanding of the proceedings against him or her.
(39) The term “psychiatrist” means a physician who is licensed to practice medicine in the District of Columbia, or is employed by the federal government, and has completed a residency in psychiatry.
(40) The term “qualified psychologist” means a person who is licensed pursuant to section 3-1205.01, and has one year of formal training within a hospital setting, or 2 years of supervised clinical experience in an organized health care setting, one of which must be post-doctoral.
(41) (A) The term “victim” means any person, organization, partnership, business, corporation, agency or governmental entity:
    (i) against whom a crime, delinquent act, or an attempted crime or delinquent act has been committed;
    (ii) who suffers any physical or mental injury as a result of a crime, delinquent act, or an attempted crime or delinquent act;
    (iii) who may have been exposed to the HIV/AIDS virus as a result of a crime, delinquent act, or an attempted crime or delinquent act; or
    (iv) who suffers any loss of property, including pecuniary loss, as a result of a crime, delinquent act, or an attempted crime or delinquent act.
  (B) The term “victim” shall not include any person who committed or aided or abetted in the commission of the crime, delinquent act, or attempted crime or delinquent act.
(42) The term “immediate family member” means:
  (A) the person’s parent, brother, sister, grandparent, or child, and the spouse of any such parent, brother, sister, grandparent, or child;
  (B) any person who maintains or has maintained a romantic relationship, not necessarily including a sexual relationship, with the person; or
  (C) any person who has a child in common with the person.
(43) The term “weapons offense” means any violation of any law, rule, or regulation which involves the sale, purchase, transfer in any manner, receipt, acquisition, possession, having under control, use, repair, manufacture, carrying, or transportation of any firearm, ammunition, or destructive device as these terms are defined in section 7-2501.01.
(44) The term “domestic partner” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(3) .
(45) The term “Superior Court” means the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
(46) The term "penal institution" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 22-2603.01(6) .
(47) The term "hardware secure facility" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 2-1515.01(9A) .
(48) The term "staff secure facility" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 2-1515.01(11A) .
(49) The term "individualized rehabilitation plan" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 2-1515.01(9B) .
(50) The term "predisposition meeting" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 2-1515.01(10A) .
(51) The term "validated risk and needs assessment" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 2-1515.01(11B) .
D.C. Code § 16-4208 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 42 / § 16-4208
§ 16-4208. Mediator’s disclosure of conflicts of interest; background.
Status: in_force

(a) Before accepting a mediation, an individual who is requested to serve as a mediator shall:
  (1) Make an inquiry that is reasonable under the circumstances to determine whether there are any known facts that a reasonable individual would consider likely to affect the impartiality of the mediator, including a financial or personal interest in the outcome of the mediation and an existing or past relationship with a mediation party or foreseeable participant in the mediation; and
  (2) Disclose any such known fact to the mediation parties as soon as is practical before accepting a mediation.
(b) If a mediator learns any fact described in subsection (a)(1) of this section after accepting a mediation, the mediator shall disclose it as soon as is practicable.
(c) At the request of a mediation party, an individual who is requested to serve as a mediator shall disclose the mediator’s qualifications to mediate a dispute.
(d) A person that violates subsection (a), (b), or (g) of this section is precluded by the violation from asserting a privilege under § 16-4203 .
(e) Subsections (a), (b), (c), and (g) of this section do not apply to an individual acting as a judge or administrative law judge.
(f) This chapter does not require that a mediator have a special qualification by background or profession.
(g) A mediator must be impartial, unless after disclosure of the facts required in subsections (a) and (b) of this section to be disclosed, the parties agree otherwise.
D.C. Code § 16-909 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-909
§ 16-909. Proof of child’s relationship to parents.
Status: in_force

(a) A father-child relationship is established by an adjudication of a man’s parentage, by operation of subsection (e) of this section, or by an unrebutted presumption pursuant to this subsection. There shall be a presumption that a man is the father of a child:
  (1) If he and the child’s mother are or have been married, or in a domestic partnership, at the time of either conception or birth, or between conception and birth, and the child is born during the marriage or domestic partnership, or within 300 days after the termination of marital cohabitation by reason of death, annulment, divorce, or separation ordered by a court, or within 300 days after the termination of the domestic partnership pursuant to § 32-702(d) or § 16-904(e) ; or
  (2) If, prior to the child’s birth, he and the child’s mother have attempted to marry, and some form of marriage has been performed in apparent compliance with law, though such attempted marriage is or might be declared void for any reason, and the child is born during such attempted marriage, or within 300 days after the termination of such attempted marital cohabitation by reason of death, annulment, divorce, or separation ordered by a court; or
  (3) If, after the child’s birth, he and the child’s mother marry or attempt to marry, (with the attempt involving some form of marriage ceremony that has been performed in apparent compliance with law), though such attempted marriage is or might be declared void for any reason, and he has acknowledged the child to be his; or
  (4) If the putative father has acknowledged paternity in writing.
(a-1) (1) A mother-child relationship is established by a woman having given birth to a child, by an adjudication of a woman’s parentage, by operation of subsection (e) of this section, or by an unrebutted presumption pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection.
  (2) There shall be a presumption that a woman is the mother of a child if she and the child’s mother are or have been married, or in a domestic partnership, at the time of either conception or birth, or between conception or birth, and the child is born during the marriage or domestic partnership, or within 300 days after the termination of marital cohabitation by reason of death, annulment, divorce, or separation ordered by a court, or within 300 days after the termination of the domestic partnership pursuant to § 32-702(d) or § 16-904(e) .
(b) (1) A presumption created by subsection (a)(1) through (4) of this section may be overcome upon proof by clear and convincing evidence, in a proceeding instituted within the time provided in § 16-2342(c) or (d), that the presumed parent is not the child’s genetic parent. The Court shall try the question of parentage, and may determine that the presumed parent is the child’s parent, notwithstanding evidence that the presumed parent is not the child’s genetic parent, after giving due consideration to:
    (A) Whether the conduct of the mother or the presumed parent should preclude that party from denying parentage;
    (B) The child’s interests; and
    (C) The duration and stability of the relationship between the child, the presumed parent, and the genetic parent.
  (2) If questioned, the presumption created by subsection (a-1)(2) that a child born to the mother is the child of the mother’s female domestic partner or spouse may be overcome pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection or upon proof by clear and convincing evidence that the presumed parent did not hold herself out as a parent of the child.
  (3) Notwithstanding any other provision in this title, when a child has both a presumed parent and a parent established by a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity, pursuant to § 16-909.01(a)(1) , the Court shall determine parentage after giving due consideration to the child’s interests and the duration and stability of the relationship between the child, the presumed parent, and the acknowledged parent.
(b-1) When a child has no presumed parent pursuant to subsection (a)(1) through (4) of this section or pursuant to subsection (a-1)(2) of this section, a conclusive presumption of parentage shall be created:
  (1) Upon a result and an affidavit from a laboratory of a genetic test of a type generally acknowledged as reliable by accreditation bodies designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that is performed by a laboratory approved by such a body indicating a 99% probability that the person is the genetic parent of the child; or
  (2) If the father has acknowledged paternity in writing in the District, as provided in § 16-909.01(a)(1) , unless it is proven that the requirements of that section were not fully met.
(b-2) (1) Subject to the requirements of this section, the court may issue a judgment adjudicating the parentage of a child born to parents who reside outside of the District of Columbia in a proceeding to determine parentage, pursuant to § 16-2342 , if:
    (A) The child was born in the District of Columbia;
    (B) Both individuals seeking a judgment adjudicating parentage have a legal relationship with the child through a presumption of parentage under this section or meet the requirements of parentage in subsection (e) of this section; and
    (C) Both parents submit to the jurisdiction of the District by consent in a record, by entering a general appearance, or by filing a responsive document having the effect of waiving any contest to personal jurisdiction.
  (2) Upon the determination of parentage under this subsection, the court shall issue a judgment adjudicating the parentage of the child.
  (3) This subsection shall apply retroactively to all children born in the District of Columbia on or after July 18, 2009.
(c) The parent-child relationship shall be conclusively established:
  (1) Upon a determination of the parentage of a child by the following:
    (A) The Superior Court of the District of Columbia under the provisions of subchapter II of Chapter 23 of this title or subsection (b) of this section;
    (B) Any other court of competent jurisdiction;
    (C) The IV-D agency of another state, in compliance with jurisdictional and procedural requirements of that state; or
    (D) Any entity of another state authorized to determine parentage, in compliance with jurisdictional and procedural requirements of that state;
  (2) When a child has no presumed parent pursuant to subsection (a)(1) through (4) of this section or pursuant to subsection (a-1)(2) of this section, by a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity pursuant to section 16-909.01(a)(1), unless either signatory rescinds the acknowledgment pursuant to section 16-909.01(a-1); or
  (3) By a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity in another state pursuant to the laws and procedures of that state, unless either signatory rescinds the acknowledgment pursuant to the laws and procedures of that state.
(c-1) (1) A parent-child relationship that has been established in the District pursuant to subsection (b-1)(1) of this section may be challenged upon the same grounds and through the same procedures as are applicable to a final judgment of the Court.
  (2) (A) A parent-child relationship that has been established in the District pursuant to subsection (b-1)(2) of this section or § 16-909.01(a)(1) may be challenged in the Court after the recission period provided by § 16-909.01(a-l) through the same procedures as are applicable to a final judgment of the Court, but only on the basis of fraud, duress, or a material mistake of fact, with the burden of proof on the challenging party. A challenge to the acknowledgement may be filed with the Court at any time by a party, any signatory to an acknowledgement of paternity or adjudication, the child whose parentage is at issue, or another individual who puts forth sufficient facts to claim they may be the biological parent of the child.
    (B) For the purposes of subparagraph (2)(A) of this paragraph, Court-ordered DNA test results excluding a signatory of an acknowledgement of paternity as the father or proving to a scientific certainty that a different individual is the child's biological parent shall constitute evidence of fraud, duress, or a material mistake of fact, and shall require the Court to set aside the acknowledgement of paternity.
    (C) The legal responsibilities (including child support obligations) of any signatory arising from the acknowledgement of paternity may not be suspended during the challenge, except for good cause shown.
(c-2) A determination of parentage made pursuant to subsection (c)(l)(A) of this section may be challenged in the same manner as an acknowledgement of paternity may be challenged pursuant to subsection (c-1)(2) of this section.
(d) The parent-child relationship between an adoptive parent and a child may be established conclusively by proof of adoption.
(e) (1) A person who consents to the artificial insemination of a woman as provided in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph with the intent to be the parent of her child, is conclusively established as a parent of the resulting child.
    (A) Consent by a woman, and a person who intends to be a parent of a child born to the woman by artificial insemination, shall be in writing signed by the woman and the intended parent.
    (B) Failure of a person to sign a consent required by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, before or after the birth of the child, shall not preclude a finding of intent to be a parent of the child if the woman and the person resided together in the same household with the child and openly held the child out as their own.
  (2) A donor of semen to a person for artificial insemination, other than the donor’s spouse or domestic partner, is not a parent of a child thereby conceived unless the donor and the person agree in writing that said donor shall be a parent. Notwithstanding any other provision in this title, genetic test results shall not establish parentage of a semen donor unless:
    (A) The donor of semen is the spouse or domestic partner of the child’s mother; or
    (B) The donor and the child’s mother agree in writing that said donor shall be a parent.
(f) For the purposes of this section, the term:
  (1) “Domestic partner” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(3) , but shall exclude a domestic partner who is the parent, grandparent, sibling, child, grandchild, niece, nephew, aunt, or uncle of a woman who gives birth to a child.
  (2) “Domestic partnership” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(4) , but shall exclude a domestic partnership where a domestic partner is the parent, grandparent, sibling, child, grandchild, niece, nephew, aunt, or uncle of a woman who gives birth to a child.
D.C. Code § 16-1367 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1367
§ 16-1367. Delivery of possession.
Status: in_force

Where possession has not been awarded pursuant to a declaration of taking, and the adjudged compensation has been paid into the registry as directed by the judgment of the court and a certified copy of the judgment, with a certificate of the clerk of the court showing the payment, has been served upon the person in possession of the property, he shall, upon demand, deliver possession thereof to the plaintiff. If possession is not delivered when so demanded, the plaintiff may apply to the court without notice, unless the court requires notice to be given, for a writ of assistance, and the court, upon proof of the service of the copy of the final order or judgment and certificate of the clerk showing payment as referred to in this section, shall thereupon cause the writ to be issued, which shall be executed in the same manner as when issued in other cases for the delivery of possession of real property.
D.C. Code § 16-4604.06 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4604.06
§ 16-4604.06. Contents of petition.
Status: in_force

A petition under this subchapter shall be verified and include a copy of any existing child-custody determination, if available. The petition shall specify the risk factors for abduction, including the relevant factors described in § 16-4604.07 . Subject to § 16-4602.09(e) , if reasonably ascertainable, the petition shall contain:
(1) The name, date of birth, and gender of the child;
(2) The customary address and current physical location of the child;
(3) The identity, customary address, and current physical location of the respondent;
(4) A statement of whether a prior action to prevent abduction or domestic violence has been filed by a party or other individual or entity having custody of the child, and the date, location, and disposition of the action;
(5) A statement of whether a party to the proceeding has been arrested for a crime related to domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect, and the date, location, and disposition of the case; and
(6) Any other information required to be submitted to the court for a child-custody determination under § 16-4602.09 .
D.C. Code § 16-5007 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 50 / § 16-5007
§ 16-5007. Penalties for violations of act.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-5608 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 56 / § 16-5608
§ 16-5608. Qualification and selection of arbitrator.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, unless waived in a record by the parties, an arbitrator shall be:
  (1) An attorney in good standing admitted to practice or on inactive status or a judge on retired status in a state; and
  (2) Trained in identifying domestic violence and child abuse.
(b) The identification in the arbitration agreement of an arbitrator, arbitration organization, or method of selection of the arbitrator controls.
(c) If an arbitrator is unable or unwilling to act or if the agreed-upon method of selecting an arbitrator fails, on motion of a party, the Superior Court shall select an arbitrator.
D.C. Code § 16-2382 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2382
§ 16-2382. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of this subchapter, the term:
  (1) “Agency having responsibility for the child” means the Mayor or his or her designee.
  (2) “Guardianship order” means the court document that establishes the permanent guardianship and enumerates the permanent guardian’s rights and responsibilities concerning the care, custody, and control of the child.
  (3) “Health care” includes, but is not limited to, ordinary and emergency medical, dental, psychological, psychiatric, and mental health care and treatment.
  (4) “Permanent guardian” means an individual or individuals designated by the court pursuant to this subchapter.
(b) Except when inconsistent with this subchapter, the terms found in this subchapter shall be given the same definition as provided in section 16-2301.
D.C. Code § 16-4008 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 40 / § 16-4008
§ 16-4008. Approval of agreement by tribunal.
Status: in_force

The tribunal may approve an agreement resulting from a collaborative law process.
D.C. Code § 16-3735 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 37 / § 16-3735
§ 16-3735. Publication against defendant.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-1033 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1033
§ 16-1033. Civil liability.
Status: in_force

A law enforcement officer shall not be civilly liable solely because he or she makes an arrest in good faith and without malice pursuant to this subchapter.
D.C. Code § 16-1064 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10A / § 16-1064
§ 16-1064. Hearing; evidence; anti-stalking order.
Status: in_force

(a) Parties served with notice in accordance with § 16-1065 shall appear at the hearing.
(b) (1) In a case in which the Attorney General intervenes pursuant to § 16-1062(d)(1)(A) , the petitioner is not a required party.
  (2) In a case in which an individual described in § 16-1062(c)(1) filed a petition on behalf of a minor petitioner under the age of 13, the minor petitioner is not a required party.
(c) If, after a hearing, the judicial officer finds by a preponderance of the evidence that the respondent stalked the petitioner, with at least one occasion of the course of conduct occurring within the 90 days prior to the date of petitioning, or after receiving the parties' consent, a judicial officer may issue an anti-stalking order that:
  (1) Directs the respondent to refrain from committing or threatening to commit criminal offenses against the petitioner and other individuals specified in the order;
  (2) Requires the respondent to stay away from or have no contact with the petitioner and any other individuals or locations specified in the order;
  (3) Directs the respondent to relinquish possession or use of certain personal property owned jointly by the parties or by the petitioner individually;
  (4) Awards costs and attorney fees;
  (5) Orders the Metropolitan Police Department to take such action as the judicial officer deems necessary to enforce its orders;
  (6) In connection with an animal owned, possessed, or controlled by the petitioner, orders the respondent to stay away from the animal and refrain from possessing, controlling, harming or threatening to harm, or otherwise disposing of the animal;
  (7) Directs the respondent to perform or refrain from other actions as may be appropriate to the effective resolution of the matter;
  (8) Directs the respondent to relinquish possession of any firearms or ammunition and prohibits the respondent from having possession or control of, purchasing, or receiving any firearm or ammunition while the anti-stalking order is in effect; or
  (9) Combines 2 or more of the preceding provisions.
(d) An anti-stalking order issued pursuant to this section shall remain in effect for an initial period not to exceed 2 years.
(e) (1) A judicial officer may, upon motion of any party to the original proceeding, extend, modify, or vacate an order for good cause shown.
  (2) A finding that an order has been violated is not necessary for a finding of good cause to modify or extend an order.
  (3) For each request for an extension, the judicial officer may extend the order for the period of time the judicial officer deems appropriate, but before granting any single extension longer than 2 years, the judicial officer shall find:
    (A) That the respondent has violated the anti-stalking order;
    (B) That prior to obtaining the order being extended, the petitioner had previously obtained an anti-stalking order against the same respondent; or
    (C) Other compelling circumstances related to the petitioner's safety or welfare.
(f) Any final order issued pursuant to this section and any order granting or denying a motion to extend, modify, or vacate such order shall be appealable.
(g) (1) Violation of any temporary anti-stalking order or anti-stalking order issued under this chapter , or respondent's failure to appear as required by subsection (a) of this section, shall be punishable as criminal contempt.
  (2) Upon conviction, criminal contempt shall be punished by a fine of not more than the amount set forth in § 22-3571.01 , imprisonment for not more than 180 days, or both.
(h) (1) Violation of any temporary anti-stalking order or anti-stalking order issued under this chapter shall be chargeable as a misdemeanor.
  (2) Upon conviction, violation of any temporary anti-stalking order or anti-stalking order shall be punished by a fine of not more than the amount set forth in § 22-3571.01 , imprisonment for not more than 180 days, or both.
(i) (1) No person shall be found to violate a temporary anti-stalking order or anti-stalking order as described in subsection (g)(1) or (h)(1) of this section, unless the person was personally served with or received actual notice of the temporary anti-stalking order or anti-stalking order.
  (2) For the purposes of establishing a violation under subsection (f) or (g) of this section, an oral or written statement made by the respondent located outside the District of Columbia to a person located in the District of Columbia by means of telecommunication, mail, or any other method of communication shall be deemed to be made in the District of Columbia.
(j) Violations of temporary anti-stalking orders or anti-stalking orders entered with the consent of the respondent but without an admission that the conduct occurred shall be punishable under subsection (f) or (g) of this section.
D.C. Code § 16-4432 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 44 / § 16-4432
§ 16-4432. Savings clause.
Status: in_force

This chapter does not affect an action or proceeding commenced or right accrued before the effective date of this chapter. Subject to § 16-4403 , an arbitration agreement made before the effective date of this chapter is governed by §§ 16-4301 to 16-4319 .
D.C. Code § 16-911 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-911
§ 16-911. Pendente lite relief.
Status: in_force

(a) During the pendency of an action for legal separation, divorce, the termination of a domestic partnership pursuant to § 32-702(d) or § 16-904(e) , where one of the domestic partners has filed a petition for relief available under this section, or an action by a spouse to declare the marriage null and void, where the nullity is denied by the other spouse, the court may:
  (1) require the spouse or domestic partner to pay pendente lite alimony to the other spouse or domestic partner; require one party to pay pendente lite child support, including health insurance coverage, cash medical support, or both, for his or her minor children committed to another party’s care; and require the spouse or domestic partner to pay suit money, including counsel fees, to enable such other spouse to conduct the case. The Court may enforce any such order by attachment, garnishment, or imprisonment for disobedience, and all support orders shall be enforceable by withholding as provided in § 46-207 and § 46-251.07 . In determining pendente lite alimony for a spouse or domestic partner, the Court shall consider the factors set forth in § 16-913(d) and may make an award of pendente lite alimony retroactive to the date of the filing of the pleading that requests alimony.
  (2) enjoin any disposition of a spouse’s or domestic partner’s property to avoid the collection of the allowances so required;
  (3) if a spouse or domestic partner fails or refuses to pay the alimony or suit money, sequestrate his or her property and apply the income thereof to such objects;
  (4) if a party under court order to make payments under this section is in arrears, order the party to make an assignment of part of his or her salary, wages, earnings or other income to the person entitled to receive the payments;
  (5) determine, in accordance with section 16-914, the care and custody of a minor child or children pending final determination of those issues; and
  (6) award exclusive use of the family home or any other dwelling unit which is available for use as a residence pendente lite to either of the parties as is just, equitable, and reasonable, after consideration of all relevant factors, without regard to the respective interests of the parties in the property.
(a-1) Repealed.
(a-2) Repealed.
(b) The attachment, garnishment, or assignment under paragraphs (1) and (4) of subsection (a) is binding on the employer, trustee, or other payor of salary, wages, earnings, or other income. No employer shall discharge or otherwise discipline an employee because of such attachment, garnishment, or assignment.
(c) The court may order, at any time, that maintenance or support payments be made to the Collection and Disbursement Unit, as defined in section 46-201(2A) [now § 46-201(3) ], for remittance to the person entitled to receive the payments, and shall order that such payments be made to the Collection and Disbursement Unit when the Collection and Disbursement Unit is responsible for collecting and disbursing these payments under section 46-202.01.
(d) The Court may order any other appropriate pendente lite relief.
D.C. Code § 16-573 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-573
§ 16-573. Employer’s duty to withhold and make payments; percentage.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, an employer upon whom an attachment is served, and who:
  (1) at the time is indebted for wages to an employee who is the judgment debtor named in the attachment; or
  (2) becomes so indebted to the judgment debtor in the future —
shall, while the attachment remains a lien upon such indebtedness, withhold and pay to the judgment creditor, or his legal representative, within 15 days after the close of the last pay period of the judgment debtor ending in each calendar month, that percentage of wages payable to the judgment debtor for the pay period or periods ending in such calendar month to which the judgment creditor is entitled under the terms of this subchapter until the attachment is wholly satisfied.
(b) Upon written notice of any court proceeding attacking the attachment or the judgment on which it is based, or the filing of a motion seeking an exemption under [§ [16-572.01]] , the employer shall not withhold from the judgment debtor or pay to the judgment creditor or his legal representative until receipt of an order of court terminating the proceedings.
(c) Any payments made by an employer-garnishee in conformity with this section shall be a discharge of the liability of the employer to the judgment debtor to the extent of the payment.
(d) Under this section, except as provided in § 16-577 , the employer-garnishee shall not withhold from the judgment debtor or pay to the judgment creditor any portion of the gross wages payable to the judgment debtor for any week in which the judgment debtor's disposable wages do not exceed 40 times the minimum hourly wage, as prescribed in [§ 32-1003] , in effect at the time the wages are payable.
D.C. Code § 16-580 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-580
§ 16-580. Quashing attachment where judgment obtained to hinder just claims.
Status: in_force

Where an attachment levied under this subchapter is based upon a judgment obtained by default or consent without a trial upon the merits, the court, upon motion of an interested person, may quash the attachment upon satisfactory proof that the judgment was obtained without just cause and solely for the purpose of preventing or delaying the satisfaction of just claims.
D.C. Code § 16-576 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-576
§ 16-576. Lapse of attachment upon resignation or dismissal of employee.
Status: in_force

If a judgment debtor resigns or is dismissed from his employment while an attachment upon his wages is wholly or partly unsatisfied, the attachment shall lapse and no further deduction may be made thereon unless the judgment debtor is reinstated or reemployed within 90 days after the resignation or dismissal.
D.C. Code § 16-4604.07 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4604.07
§ 16-4604.07. Factors to determine risk of abduction.
Status: in_force

(a) In determining whether there is a credible risk of abduction of a child, the court shall consider any evidence that the petitioner or respondent:
  (1) Has previously abducted or attempted to abduct the child;
  (2) Has threatened to abduct the child;
  (3) Has recently engaged in activities that may indicate a planned abduction, including:
    (A) Abandoning employment;
    (B) Selling a primary residence;
    (C) Terminating a lease;
    (D) Closing bank or other financial management accounts, liquidating assets, hiding or destroying financial documents, or conducting any unusual financial activities;
    (E) Applying for a passport or visa or obtaining travel documents for the respondent, a family member, or the child; or
    (F) Seeking to obtain the child’s birth certificate or school or medical records;
  (4) Has engaged in domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect;
  (5) Has refused to follow a child-custody determination;
  (6) Lacks strong familial, financial, emotional, or cultural ties to the state or the United States;
  (7) Has strong familial, financial, emotional, or cultural ties to another state or country;
  (8) Is likely to take the child to a country that:
    (A) Is not a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and does not provide for the extradition of an abducting parent or for the return of an abducted child;
    (B) Is a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction but:
      (i) The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is not in force between the United States and that country;
      (ii) Is noncompliant according to the most recent compliance report issued by the United States Department of State; or
      (iii) Lacks legal mechanisms for immediately and effectively enforcing a return order under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction;
    (C) Poses a risk that the child’s physical or emotional health or safety would be endangered in the country because of specific circumstances relating to the child or because of human rights violations committed against children;
    (D) Has laws or practices that would:
      (i) Enable the respondent, without due cause, to prevent the petitioner from contacting the child;
      (ii) Restrict the petitioner from freely traveling to or exiting from the country because of the petitioner’s gender, nationality, marital status, or religion; or
      (iii) Restrict the child’s ability legally to leave the country after the child reaches the age of majority because of a child’s gender, nationality, or religion;
    (E) Is included by the United States Department of State on a current list of state sponsors of terrorism;
    (F) Does not have an official United States diplomatic presence in the country; or
    (G) Is engaged in active military action or war, including a civil war, to which the child may be exposed;
  (9) Is undergoing a change in immigration or citizenship status that would adversely affect the respondent’s ability to remain in the United States legally;
  (10) Has had an application for United States citizenship denied;
  (11) Has forged or presented misleading or false evidence on government forms or supporting documents to obtain or attempt to obtain a passport, a visa, travel documents, a Social Security card, a driver’s license, or other government-issued identification card, or has made a misrepresentation to the United States government;
  (12) Has used multiple names to attempt to mislead or defraud; or
  (13) Has engaged in any other conduct the court considers relevant to the risk of abduction.
(b) In the hearing on a petition under this subchapter, the court shall consider any evidence that the respondent believed in good faith that the respondent’s conduct was necessary to avoid imminent harm to the child or respondent and any other evidence that may be relevant to whether the respondent may be permitted to remove or retain the child.
D.C. Code § 16-4101 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 41 / § 16-4101
§ 16-4101. Relief from suretyship; counter security, or bond; removal of officer or fiduciary from office.
Status: in_force

When the surety, or his personal representatives, of an officer, commissioner, receiver, or trustee appointed under a decree of court and required to give bond apprehends himself to be in danger of suffering from the suretyship, and petitions the court to be relieved from the suretyship, or that the court require the officer, commissioner, receiver, or trustee to give counter security, the court may, on reasonable notice to the trustee or other officer, require him to give counter security or to give a new bond in the same manner as if none had been given by him. If he fails to do so by a day named, the court may remove him from his office or trust and appoint a new trustee or other officer in his stead to complete the duties of his office of trust, and may thereupon, order him to deliver over to his successor all the trust property, including moneys, books, papers, bonds, notes, and evidences of debt, and may compel compliance with the order by attachment.
D.C. Code § 16-909.02 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-909.02
§ 16-909.02. Full faith and credit to parentage determinations by other states.
Status: in_force

The District of Columbia government shall give full faith and credit to the determinations of parentage made by other states, whether established through voluntary acknowledgment or through an administrative or judicial process.
D.C. Code § 16-2937 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 29 / § 16-2937
§ 16-2937. Considerations for partition in kind.
Status: in_force

(a) In determining pursuant to § 16-2936(a) whether partition in kind would result in great prejudice to the cotenants as a group, the court shall consider the following factors:
  (1) Whether the real property practicably can be divided among the cotenants;
  (2) Whether partition in kind would apportion the real property in such a way that the aggregate fair market value of the parcels resulting from the division would be materially less than the value of the real property if it were sold as a whole, taking into account the condition under which a court-ordered sale likely would occur;
  (3) Evidence of the collective duration of ownership or possession of the real property by a cotenant and one or more predecessors in title or predecessors in possession to the cotenant who are or were relatives of the cotenant or each other;
  (4) A cotenant's sentimental attachment to the real property, including any attachment arising because the real property has ancestral or other unique or special value to the cotenant;
  (5) The lawful use being made of the real property by a cotenant and the degree to which the cotenant would be harmed if the cotenant could not continue the same use of the real property;
  (6) The degree to which the cotenants have contributed their pro rata share of the real property taxes, insurance, and other expenses associated with maintaining ownership of the real property or have contributed to the physical improvement, maintenance, or upkeep of the real property; and
  (7) Any other relevant factor.
(b) The court shall not consider any one factor in subsection (a) of this section to be dispositive without weighing the totality of all relevant factors.
D.C. Code § 16-831.03 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 8A / § 16-831.03
§ 16-831.03. Action for custody of a child by a de facto parent.
Status: in_force

(a) A de facto parent may file a complaint for custody of a child or a motion to intervene in any existing action involving custody of the child.
(b) An individual who establishes that he or she is a de facto parent by clear and convincing evidence shall be deemed a parent for the purposes of §§ 16-911 , 16-914 , 16-914.01 , and 16-916 , and for the purposes of this chapter if a third party is seeking custody of the child of the de facto parent.
(c) (1) All proceedings involving a parent and a de facto parent, including an action for child support, shall be governed by §§ 16-911 , 16-914 , 16-914.01 , and 16-916 .
  (2) A custody proceeding involving a third party and a de facto parent shall be governed by the provisions of this chapter.
D.C. Code § 16-1116 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / § 16-1116
§ 16-1116. Improvements; notice; good faith; directions to jury; measure of damages.
Status: in_force

In an action of ejectment, at any time before the trial, the defendant may give notice that if the verdict of the jury is in favor of the plaintiff’s title the defendant will claim the benefit of permanent improvements that may have been placed on the property by the defendant or those under whom he claims, and offer evidence at the trial tending to show that he or those under whom he claims had peaceably entered into possession of the premises in controversy under a title which he or they had reason to believe and did believe to be good, and had erected valuable and permanent improvements on the property, which were begun in good faith before the commencement of the action. The court shall then direct the jury, in case they find in favor of the plaintiff’s title and also find that the permanent improvements were made by the defendant, or those under whom he claims, under the circumstances described in this section, to assess the:
(1) damages of the plaintiff, being the clear value over and above taxes and necessary expenses of the use and occupation of the property, exclusive of the improvements, during the whole period of the occupation of the property to the date of the verdict, and any damage done to the property, by waste or otherwise, by the parties during the occupation;
(2) present value of any permanent improvements that may have been placed on the premises by the defendant or those under whom he claims; and
(3) present value of the property of the plaintiff without and exclusive of the improvements.
D.C. Code § 16-3521 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 35 / § 16-3521
§ 16-3521. Persons against whom issued; civil action.
Status: in_force

A quo warranto may be issued from the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in the name of the District of Columbia against —
(1) a person who within the District of Columbia usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises, a franchise conferred by the District of Columbia, a public office of the District of Columbia, civil or military, or an office in a domestic corporation; or
(2) one or more persons who act as a corporation within the District of Columbia without being duly authorized, or exercise within the District of Columbia corporate rights, privileges, or franchises not granted them by law in force in the District of Columbia.
The proceedings shall be deemed a civil action.
D.C. Code § 16-4314 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 43 / § 16-4314
§ 16-4314. Docketing of judgments.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-1151 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / § 16-1151
§ 16-1151. Petition by person entitled to claim; form and contents.
Status: in_force

(a) A person entitled to claim real property, after the death of another person who has a prior estate therein, may, not oftener than once a year, petition the court for an order directing the production of the tenant for life, as prescribed by this subchapter, by a person, named in the petition, against whom a civil action in ejectment to recover the real property can be maintained if the tenant for life is dead, or, if there is no such person, by the guardian, trustee, or other person who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person of the tenant for life, or the care of his estate.
(b) A petition prescribed by subsection (a) of this section shall be verified by the affidavit of the petitioner, and shall contain an averment that the petitioner has cause to believe that the person, upon whose life the prior estate depends, is dead, and that his or her death is being concealed by the person named in the petition.
D.C. Code § 16-5622 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 56 / § 16-5622
§ 16-5622. Modification of confirmed award or judgment.
Status: in_force

(a) If a party requests under law of the District other than this chapter a modification of an award confirmed under § 16-5616 or judgment on the award based on a fact occurring after confirmation:
  (1) The parties shall proceed under the dispute-resolution method specified in the award or judgment; or
  (2) If the award or judgment does not specify a dispute-resolution method, the parties may:
    (A) Agree to arbitrate the modification before the original arbitrator or another arbitrator; or
    (B) Absent agreement proceed under law of the District other than this chapter governing modification of a judgment in a family law proceeding.
D.C. Code § 16-1046 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1046
§ 16-1046. Other remedies.
Status: in_force

A protected individual who pursues remedies under this subchapter is not precluded from pursuing other legal or equitable remedies against the respondent.
D.C. Code § 16-1123 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / § 16-1123
§ 16-1123. Judgment for defendant after plaintiff’s refusal to pay excess or tender deed.
Status: in_force

If the plaintiff fails or refuses either to pay the defendant the excess of the value of the improvements over the amount of the plaintiff’s damages, or, as provided by the chapter, to tender a deed to the defendant and accept from him the value of the plaintiff’s property, exclusive of the improvements, the defendant may pay the value into court for the use of the plaintiff. Thereupon, the defendant shall be entitled to a judgment in his favor, but without costs, which judgment shall be a bar to any future action by the plaintiff against the defendant to recover the property for cause theretofore existing.
D.C. Code § 16-2326.01 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2326.01
§ 16-2326.01. Compensation of attorneys in neglect and termination of parental rights proceedings.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) Except as provided for by subsections (b) and (e), an attorney representing a person who is financially unable to obtain legal counsel in a neglect proceeding or appointed to serve as counsel or guardian ad litem for a child who is the subject of a neglect proceeding shall, at the end of the representation or at the end of a segment of the representation, be compensated at a rate not less than the hourly rates established in D.C. Official Code, sec. 11-2604.
  (2) The attorney may make a claim for expenses reasonably incurred during the course of the representation.
(b) Compensation payable pursuant to this section shall be subject to the following limitations:
  (1) for all proceedings from initial hearing through disposition, the maximum compensation shall be $1,980;
  (2) for all subsequent proceedings other than termination of parental rights, the maximum compensation shall be $1,980 per year;
  (3) for proceedings to terminate parental rights, the maximum compensation shall be $2,700; and
  (4) for appeal of trial court orders, the maximum compensation shall be $1,350 per case.
(c) (1) A separate claim for compensation and reimbursement shall be made to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia for representation before that Court, and to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals for representation before the District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
  (2) Each claim shall be supported by a sworn written statement specifying the time expended, services rendered, and expenses incurred while the case was pending before the court, and the compensation and reimbursement applied for or received in the same case from any other source.
  (3) The Superior Court of the District of Columbia or the District of Columbia Court of Appeals shall fix the compensation and reimbursement to be paid to the attorney.
  (4) In cases where representation is furnished other than before the Superior Court of the District of Columbia or the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, claims shall be submitted to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia which shall fix compensation and reimbursement to be paid.
(d) For purposes of compensation and other payments authorized by this section, an order by a court granting a new trial shall be deemed to initiate a new case.
(e) If a person for whom counsel is appointed under this section appeals to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, the person may do so without prepayment of fees, costs, or security and without filing the affidavit required by D.C. Official Code § 11-2604 .
(f) Claims for compensation and reimbursement in excess of the maximum amount provided in subsection (b) may be approved for extended or complex representation when the payment is necessary to provide fair compensation. The request for payment shall be submitted by the attorney for approval by the chief judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia upon recommendation of the presiding judge in the case or, in cases before the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, approval by the chief judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals upon recommendation of the presiding judge in the case. Each chief judge may delegate such approval authority to an active or senior judge in the court in which the chief judge sits.
(g) (1) Counsel for a person who is financially unable to obtain investigative, expert, or other services necessary for adequate representation may request compensation for services in an ex parte application.
  (2) Upon a finding, after appropriate inquiry in an ex parte proceeding, that investigative, expert, or other services are necessary but are not available through existing court resources, and that the person is financially unable to obtain them, the court shall authorize counsel to obtain the services.
  (3) Compensation to be paid to a person for services rendered under this subsection shall not exceed $300, unless payment in excess of that limit is certified by the court, as necessary to provide fair compensation for services of an unusual character or duration, and the amount of the excess payment is approved by the presiding judge in the case.
  (4) In no event shall the total compensation recoverable for the services described in this section exceed $750 or the rate provided by D.C. Official Code § 11-2605(c) .
(h) Compensation for attorneys appointed to represent parties in neglect proceedings and costs of investigative, expert, and other services shall be paid pursuant to procedures established by the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 16-2398 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2398
§ 16-2398. Successor guardian.
Status: in_force

(a) Upon filing a motion for permanent guardianship pursuant to section 16-2384, the movant may designate and the court shall approve any successor guardian.
(b) A successor guardian may be designated or removed after the creation of the permanent guardianship by the filing of a motion to modify pursuant to section 16-2395.
(c) The successor guardian shall immediately obtain physical custody of the child and assume the permanent guardian’s rights and responsibilities concerning the child upon the permanent guardian’s death, or physical or mental infirmity.
(d) The successor guardian shall move the court for a modification of the original guardianship order within 30 days of obtaining physical custody of the child. Unless otherwise ordered by the court, the successor guardian shall assume the permanent guardian’s rights and responsibilities concerning the child until the court conducts a hearing on the motion to modify.
(e) A motion filed pursuant to this section shall:
  (1) Include information required by section 16-2384(c);
  (2) Append the original order which designated the successor guardian; and
  (3) Append a copy of either:
    (A) Proof of the permanent guardian’s death, such as a copy of a death certificate or funeral home receipt; or
    (B) Proof of the permanent guardian’s physical or mental infirmity.
(f) Before issuing a final order transferring the permanent guardian’s rights and responsibilities to the successor guardian, the court shall, in addition to the requirements specified in section 16-2395(e), find that:
  (1) The successor guardian was duly designated by the permanent guardian;
  (2) The permanent guardian is deceased or is physically or mentally infirm;
  (3) The transfer of permanent guardianship is in the child’s best interests;
  (4) Adoption, termination of parental rights, or return to parent is not appropriate for the child; and
  (5) The successor guardian is suitable and able to provide a safe and permanent home for the child.
D.C. Code § 16-2303 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2303
§ 16-2303. Retention of jurisdiction.
Status: in_force

For purposes of this subchapter, jurisdiction obtained by the Division in the case of a child shall be retained by it until the child becomes twenty-one years of age, unless jurisdiction is terminated before that time. This section does not affect the jurisdiction of other divisions of the Superior Court or of other courts over offenses committed by a person after he ceases to be a child. If a minor already under the jurisdiction of the Division is convicted in the Criminal Division or another court of a crime committed after he ceases to be a child, the Family Division may, in appropriate cases, terminate its jurisdiction.
D.C. Code § 16-910 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-910
§ 16-910. Assignment and equitable distribution of property.
Status: in_force

(a) Upon entry of a final decree of legal separation, annulment, or divorce, or upon the termination of a domestic partnership pursuant to § 32-702(d) or § 16-904(e) and the filing of a petition for relief available under this section, in the absence of a valid antenuptial or postnuptial agreement resolving all issues related to the property of the parties, the court shall:
  (1) Assign to each party the party's sole and separate property acquired prior to the marriage or domestic partnership, and the party's sole and separate property acquired during the marriage or domestic partnership by gift, bequest, devise, or descent, and any increase thereof, or property acquired in exchange therefore;
  (2) Value and distribute all other property and debt accumulated during the marriage or domestic partnership that has not been addressed in a valid antenuptial or postnuptial agreement or a decree of legal separation, regardless of whether title is held individually or by the parties in a form of joint tenancy or tenancy by the entireties, in a manner that is equitable, just, and reasonable, after considering all relevant factors, including:
    (A) The duration of the marriage or domestic partnership;
    (B) The age, health, occupation, amount, and sources of income, vocational skills, employability, assets, debts, and needs of each of the parties;
    (C) Provisions for the custody of minor children;
    (D) Whether the distribution is in lieu of or in addition to alimony;
    (E) Each party's obligation from a prior marriage, a prior domestic partnership, or for other children;
    (F) The opportunity of each party for future acquisition of assets and income;
    (G) Each party's contribution as a homemaker or otherwise to the family unit;
    (H) Each party's contribution to the education of the other party, which enhanced the other party's earning ability;
    (I) Each party's increase or decrease in income as a result of the marriage, the domestic partnership, or duties of homemaking and child care;
    (J) Each party's contribution to the acquisition, preservation, appreciation, dissipation, or depreciation in value of the assets that are subject to distribution, the taxability of these assets, and whether the asset was acquired or the debt incurred after separation;
    (K) The effects of taxation on the value of the assets subject to distribution; and
    (L) The circumstances that contributed to the estrangement of the parties, including the history of physical, emotional, or financial abuse by one party against the other; and
  (3) (A) At the request of a party to proceedings for dissolution of marriage or for legal separation of the parties, enter an order, prior to the final determination of ownership of a pet animal, to require a party to care for the pet animal. The existence of an order providing for the care of a pet animal during the course of proceedings for dissolution of marriage or for legal separation of the parties shall not have any impact on the court's final determination of ownership of the pet animal.
    (B) The court, at the request of a party to proceedings for dissolution of marriage or for legal separation of the parties, may assign sole or joint ownership of a pet animal, taking into consideration the care and best interest of the pet animal.
(b) For the purposes of this section, the term "pet animal" means any animal that is community property and kept as a household pet.
(c) The Court is not required to value a pension or annuity if it enters an order distributing future periodic payments.
D.C. Code § 16-1382 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1382
§ 16-1382. Retention, for public use, of excess property.
Status: in_force

When the authorities of the United States having jurisdiction of real property (or rights or easements) acquired pursuant to this subchapter, elect to retain any of them for the use of the United States, they may use the property (or rights or easements) for park, playground, highway, or alley purposes, or for any other lawful purposes that they deem advantageous or in the public interest.
D.C. Code § 16-1115 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / § 16-1115
§ 16-1115. Conclusiveness of final judgment.
Status: in_force

A final judgment rendered in an action of ejectment is conclusive as to the title thereby established as between the parties to the action and all persons claiming under them since the commencement of the action.
D.C. Code § 16-4601.03 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4601.03
§ 16-4601.03. Application to Indian tribes.
Status: in_force

A child-custody proceeding that pertains to an Indian child as defined in the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, approved November 8, 1978 (92 Stat. 3069; 25 U.S.C. § 1901   et seq.), is not subject to this chapter to the extent that it is governed by the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.
D.C. Code § 16-4602.05 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4602.05
§ 16-4602.05. Notice; opportunity to be heard; joinder.
Status: in_force

(a) Before a child-custody determination is made under this chapter, notice and an opportunity to be heard in accordance with the standards of § 16-4601.07 must be given to all persons entitled to notice under the law of the District as in child-custody proceedings between residents of the District, any parent whose parental rights have not been previously terminated, and any person having physical custody of the child.
(b) This chapter does not govern the enforceability of a child-custody determination made without notice or an opportunity to be heard.
(c) The obligation to join a party and the right to intervene as a party in a child-custody proceeding under this chapter are governed by the law of the District as in child-custody proceedings between residents of the District.
D.C. Code § 16-2321 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2321
§ 16-2321. Disposition of child with mental illness or a substantial intellectual disability.
Status: in_force

(a) If no previous examination has been made under section 16-2315 and the Division, after a factfinding but before a dispositional hearing, has reason to believe that a child has a mental illness or a substantial intellectual disability, it may order an examination as provided in section 16-2315.
(b) If as a result of the examination the child is found to have a mental illness or a substantial intellectual disability, the Division may, in lieu of other disposition, direct the appropriate authority to initiate commitment proceedings under Chapter 5 or 11 of Title 21. The Division may order the child detained in suitable facilities pending commitment proceedings.
(c) If the examination does not indicate that commitment proceedings should be initiated or if the proceedings do not result in commitment, the Division shall proceed to disposition pursuant to this subchapter.
D.C. Code § 16-5605 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 56 / § 16-5605
§ 16-5605. Arbitration agreement.
Status: in_force

(a) An arbitration agreement shall:
  (1) Be in a record signed by the parties;
  (2) Identify the arbitrator, an arbitration organization, or a method of selecting an arbitrator; and
  (3) Identify the family law dispute the parties intend to arbitrate.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section, an agreement in a record to arbitrate a family law dispute that arises between the parties before, at the time, or after the agreement is made is valid and enforceable as any other contract and irrevocable except on a ground that exists at law or in equity for the revocation of a contract.
(c) An agreement to arbitrate a child-related dispute that arises between the parties after the agreement is made is unenforceable unless:
  (1) The parties affirm the agreement in a record after the dispute arises, or
  (2) The agreement was entered during a family law proceeding and the Superior Court approved or incorporated the agreement in an order issued in the proceeding.
(d) If a party objects to arbitration on the ground the arbitration agreement is unenforceable or the agreement does not include a family law dispute, the Superior Court shall decide whether the agreement is enforceable or includes the family law dispute.
D.C. Code § 16-5625 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 56 / § 16-5625
§ 16-5625. Immunity of arbitrator.
Status: in_force

(a) An arbitrator or arbitration organization acting in that capacity in a family law dispute is immune from civil liability to the same extent as a judge of the Superior Court acting in a judicial capacity.
(b) The immunity provided by this section supplements any immunity under law of the District other than this chapter .
(c) An arbitrator's failure to make a disclosure required by § 16-5609 does not cause the arbitrator to lose immunity under this section.
(d) An arbitrator is not competent to testify, and may not be required to produce records, in a judicial, administrative, or similar proceeding about a statement, conduct, decision, or ruling occurring during an arbitration, to the same extent as a judge of the Superior Court acting in a judicial capacity. This subsection does not apply:
  (1) To the extent disclosure is necessary to determine a claim by the arbitrator or arbitration organization against a party to the arbitration; or
  (2) To a hearing on a motion under § 16-5619 (a)(1) or (2) to vacate an award, if there is prima facie evidence that a ground for vacating the award exists.
(e) If a person commences a civil action against an arbitrator arising from the services of the arbitrator or seeks to compel the arbitrator to testify or produce records in violation of subsection (d) of this section and the Superior Court determines that the arbitrator is immune from civil liability or is not competent to testify or required to produce the records, the court shall award the arbitrator reasonable attorney's fees, costs, and reasonable expenses of litigation.
D.C. Code § 16-1034 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1034
§ 16-1034. Training program.
Status: in_force

(a) The Police force shall incorporate in its educational program for new law enforcement officers training in:
  (1) The nature, dimension, and causes of intrafamily offenses;
  (2) The legal rights and remedies available to a victim or perpetrator of an intrafamily offense;
  (3) The services and facilities available to a victim or perpetrator of an intrafamily offense;
  (4) The legal duties imposed on a police officer to enforce the provisions of this subchapter and to offer protection and assistance to a victim of an intrafamily offense; and
  (5) Techniques for handling an intrafamily offense that minimize the likelihood of injury to the officer and promote the safety of the victim.
(b) The training shall stress the importance of enforcing the law against intrafamily offenses. The Police force may:
  (1) Utilize the resources of any law enforcement agency or community organization; and
  (2) Invite any community organization that provides counselling or assistance to victims of intrafamily offenses to help in planning and presenting the training program.
(c) At least 20 hours of basic training in responding to an intrafamily offense shall be required of any new law enforcement officer prior to the law enforcement officer’s permanent appointment.
(d) Any currently employed law enforcement officer shall be required to participate in an 8-hour course designed to familiarize the law enforcement officer with the dynamics of intrafamily offenses.
D.C. Code § 16-2310 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2310
§ 16-2310. Criteria for detaining children.
Status: in_force

*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 18(c)(1) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 18(c)(1) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
(a) A child shall not be placed in detention prior to a factfinding hearing or a dispositional hearing unless he is alleged to be delinquent  and unless it appears from available information that detention is required —
  (1) to protect the person or property of others from significant harm, or
  (2) to secure the child’s presence at the next court hearing.
(a-1) (1) There shall be a rebuttable presumption that detention is required to protect the person or property of others if the judicial officer finds by a substantial probability that the child:
    (A) Committed:
      (i) A dangerous crime or a crime of violence while armed with or having readily available a knife, pistol, firearm, or imitation firearm; or
      (ii) Unarmed murder, first-degree sexual abuse, carjacking, or assault with intent to commit any such offense; or
    (B) Committed CPWL, carrying a pistol without a license.
  (2) For the purposes of this subsection, the terms “dangerous crime” and “crime of violence” shall have the same meanings as provided in section 23-1331, except that these terms shall not include:
    (A) Any felony offense under Chapter 27 of Title 22 (Prostitution, Pandering);
    (B) Any felony offense under Chapter 9 of Title 48 (Controlled Substances);
    (C) Burglary; or
    (D) Arson.
(b) A child shall not be placed in shelter care prior to a factfinding hearing or a dispositional hearing unless it appears from available information that shelter care is required —
  (1) to protect the person of the child, or
  (2) because the child has no parent, guardian, custodian, or other person or agency able to provide supervision and care for him, and the child appears unable to care for himself and that
  (3) no alternative resources or arrangements are available to the family that would adequately safeguard the child without requiring removal.
(c) The criteria for detention and shelter care provided in this section, as implemented by rules of the Superior Court, shall govern the decisions of all persons responsible for determining whether detention or shelter care is warranted prior to the factfinding hearing.
(d) Whenever a child has been placed in shelter care, the child’s parent, guardian or custodian shall be permitted visitation at least weekly unless it appears to the judge that such visitation rights would create an imminent danger to or be detrimental to the well-being of the child, in which case, the judge shall either prescribe a schedule of visitation rights or order that visitation rights not be allowed.
(e) Fact finding hearings for children ordered into secure detention or ordered into shelter care shall be held within the time limits provided in this subsection.
  (1) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph and paragraph (2) of this subsection, whenever a child has been ordered into secure detention before a factfinding hearing pursuant to §§ 16-2310 through 16-2313 , the factfinding hearing set forth in § 16-2316 shall commence not later than 30 days from the date at which the Family Court ordered the child to be detained pursuant to § 16-2312 .
    (B) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, whenever a child is charged with murder, assault with intent to kill, first degree sexual abuse, burglary in the first degree, or robbery while armed, and the child has been ordered into secure detention before a factfinding hearing pursuant to §§ 16-2310 through 16-2313 , the factfinding hearing set forth in § 16-2316 shall commence not later than 45 days from the date at which the Family Court ordered the child to be detained pursuant to § 16-2312 .
    (C) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, whenever a child has been ordered into shelter care before a factfinding hearing pursuant to §§ 16-2310 through 16-2313 , the factfinding hearing set forth in § 16-2316 shall commence not later than 45 days from the date at which the Family Court ordered the child to be placed in shelter care pursuant to § 16-2312 .
  (2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of this paragraph, upon motion of the Attorney General, for good cause shown, the factfinding hearing of a child ordered into secure detention or a child who is ordered into shelter care may be continued, and the child continued in secure detention or shelter care, for only one additional period, not to exceed 30 days.
    (B) Upon motion of the Attorney General, for good cause shown, the factfinding hearing may be continued, and the child continued in secure detention or shelter care, for additional periods not to exceed 30 days each, if:
      (i) The child is charged with murder, assault with intent to kill, or first degree sexual abuse;
      (ii) The child is charged with a crime of violence, as defined in § 23-1331(4) , committed while using a pistol, firearm, or imitation firearm; or
      (iii) Despite the exercise of due diligence by the District and the federal agency, DNA evidence, analysis of controlled substances, or other evidence processed by federal agencies has not been completed.
    (C) (i) Upon a motion by or on behalf of the child consistent with the rules of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, the factfinding hearing of a child ordered into secure detention or a child who is ordered into shelter care may be continued for additional periods not to exceed 30 days each.
      (ii) A motion made under sub-subparagraph (i) of this subparagraph shall not be construed as a waiver of the child’s speedy trial rights under this section nor under the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
    (D) Additional continuances of the factfinding hearing may be granted to the Office of Attorney General if the child is no longer in either secure detention or shelter care.
  (3) In determining whether good cause has been shown as required by paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Division shall take into account, among other appropriate matters, and shall state its findings on the record, as to whether:
    (A) There has been or will be a delay resulting from other proceedings concerning the child, including, but not limited to, examinations to determine the mental competency or physical capacity of the child; from a hearing with respect to other charges against the child; from any interlocutory or expedited appeal; from the making, or consideration by the Division, of any pretrial motions; and from any proceeding relating to the transfer of the child pursuant to § 16-2307 ;
    (B) Any essential witness is absent or unavailable. For purposes of this subparagraph, an essential witness shall be considered absent when his or her whereabouts are unknown or cannot be determined by due diligence and shall be considered unavailable when his or her presence for the hearing cannot be obtained by due diligence;
    (C) Despite the exercise of due diligence, necessary autopsies, medical examinations, fingerprint examinations, ballistic tests, drug analysis, or other scientific tests have not been completed; or
    (D) The ends of justice served by continuing the period of detention outweigh the interests of the child and public in a speedy trial.
  (4) Upon motion by or on behalf of the child, a child in secure detention or shelter care shall be released from custody or shelter care if the fact finding hearing is not commenced within the time period set forth in this subsection.
(f) No provision of this section shall be construed as a bar to any claim of denial of speedy trial as required by the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution.
D.C. Code § 16-3910 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 39 / § 16-3910
§ 16-3910. Other rights of judgment creditor.
Status: in_force

Except as otherwise provided by this chapter or the rules of the court, a party obtaining a judgment in the Small Claims and Conciliation Branch is entitled to the same remedies, processes, costs, and benefits as are given or inure to other judgment creditors in the court.
D.C. Code § 16-1909 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 19 / § 16-1909
§ 16-1909. Construction of chapter.
Status: in_force

This chapter does not affect any provision of chapter 153 of Title 28, United States Code.
D.C. Code § 16-3103 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 31 / § 16-3103
§ 16-3103. Summons; failure to appear or give evidence.
Status: in_force

A summons issued by the Probate Court to a person concerned in the affairs of a deceased person, or to a witness or other person whose appearance in the court is deemed necessary or proper, is returnable at the discretion of the court. When it is necessary or proper on the return of the “summoned”, and failure of the person to appear, to enforce his appearance, or when a witness before the court refuses to give evidence, the court may exercise its contempt power, or it may have his estate, or a part thereof attached and sequestered as provided by section 16-3104  .
D.C. Code § 16-2313 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2313
§ 16-2313. Place of detention or shelter.
Status: in_force

(a) A child who is alleged to be neglected or in need of supervision and who is in custody may be placed at any time prior to disposition, only in —
  (1) a foster home;
  (2) a group home, youth shelter, or other appropriate home for nondelinquent children; or
  (3) another facility for shelter care designated by the Division, including an appropriate facility operated by the District of Columbia.
No child alleged to be neglected or in need of supervision may be placed in a facility described in paragraph (3) of subsection (b) of this section.
(b) A child who  is alleged to be delinquent and who is in custody may be detained at any time prior to disposition only in —
  (1) a foster home;
  (2) a group home, youth shelter, or other appropriate home for allegedly delinquent children; or
  (3) a detention home for allegedly delinquent children, designated by the Division, including an appropriate facility operated by the District of Columbia.
Unless the Division shall by order so authorize, no child may be detained in a facility described in paragraph (3) if it would result in his commingling with children who have been adjudicated delinquent and committed by order of the Division.
(c) A child in detention or shelter care may be temporarily transferred to a medical facility for physical care and may, on order of the Division, be temporarily transferred to a facility for mental examination or treatment.
(d) (1) No child under eighteen years of age may be detained in a jail or other facility for the detention of adults, unless transferred as provided in section 16-2307. The appropriate official of a jail or other facility for the detention of adults shall inform the Superior Court immediately when a child under the age of eighteen years is received there (other than by transfer) and shall (1) deliver him to the Director of Social Services upon request, or (2) transfer him to a detention facility described in subsection (b)(3); provided, that beginning October 1, 2018, no person under 18 years of age may be held in the custody of the Department of Corrections.
  (2) All persons under 18 years of age who are in the custody of the Department of Corrections shall be transferred to the custody of the Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services before October 1, 2018.
  (3) After October 1, 2018, the Department of Corrections shall immediately inform the Superior Court if a person under 18 years of age is transferred to the Department of Corrections and transfer the individual to the Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services.
(e) [Repealed].
(f) The department or agency having custody, pursuant to a shelter care order, of a child alleged to be a neglected child shall give notice, which may be oral, of any change in the placement of the child to the child’s parent, the child’s guardian ad litem and the child’s foster parent, if any, at least forty-eight (48) hours prior to the change in placement, except that in the case of an emergency, notice shall be given no later than twenty-four (24) hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays) after the change. Notice need not be given to the parent where the Division has found that visitation would be detrimental to the child or the Division has determined that the parent should not be apprised of the child’s location. Upon the request of any person entitled to notice under this subsection, the department or agency having legal custody of the child shall afford an opportunity for an administrative hearing to review the proposed change in the placement of the child, except that the department or agency need not conduct such a hearing if the requestor does not qualify as a party pursuant to D.C. Official Code, section 16-2304.
D.C. Code § 16-3908 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 39 / § 16-3908
§ 16-3908. Judgment for wages; oral examination; payment.
Status: in_force

When a judgment rendered in an action pursuant to this chapter is founded in whole or in part on a claim for wages or personal services, the judge shall, upon motion of the party obtaining judgment, order the appearance of the party against whom the judgment has been entered, but not more often than once each week for four weeks, for oral examination under oath as to his financial status and his ability to pay the judgment, and the judge shall make such supplementary orders as seems just and proper to effectuate the payment of the judgment upon reasonable terms.
D.C. Code § 16-3710 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 37 / § 16-3710
§ 16-3710. Determination and measure of plaintiff’s damages.
Status: in_force

Whether, in an action of replevin, the defendant answers and the issue thereon joined is found against him, or judgment is rendered against him on proper motion under rules of court, or he makes default after personal service or publication, the plaintiff’s damages shall be ascertained by the jury trying the issue, where one is joined, or by a jury of inquest, where jury trial had been waived or there is no issue of fact, and the damages shall be the full value of the goods, if eloigned by the defendant, including, in every case, the loss sustained by the plaintiff by reason of the detention, and the judgment shall be rendered for the plaintiff accordingly.
D.C. Code § 16-831.07 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 8A / § 16-831.07
§ 16-831.07. Findings necessary to rebut the parental presumption by clear and convincing evidence.
Status: in_force

(a) To determine that the presumption favoring parental custody has been rebutted, the court must find, by clear and convincing evidence, one or more of the following factors:
  (1) That the parents have abandoned the child or are unwilling or unable to care for the child;
  (2) That custody with a parent is or would be detrimental to the physical or emotional well-being of the child; or
  (3) That exceptional circumstances, detailed in writing by the court, support rebuttal of the presumption favoring parental custody.
(b) The court shall not consider a parent’s lack of financial means in determining whether the presumption favoring parental custody has been rebutted.
(c) The court shall not use the fact that a parent has been the victim of an intrafamily offense against the parent in determining whether the presumption favoring parental custody has been rebutted.
(d) If the court concludes that the parental presumption has not been rebutted by clear and convincing evidence, the court shall dismiss the third-party complaint and enter any appropriate judgment in favor of the parent. The court shall only address the factors set forth in § 16-831.08 once the presumption favoring parental custody has been rebutted.
D.C. Code § 16-1359 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1359
§ 16-1359. Inspection of property by jury; presence of parties.
Status: in_force

After being selected, impaneled, and sworn, as provided by sections 16-1357   and 16-1358  , and before hearing the evidence, the jury, in order to inspect the property to be acquired, shall be taken upon the property by the United States marshal at a time fixed by the court. All parties in interest, their attorneys, and representatives have the right to be present at the inspection.
D.C. Code § 16-4517 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 45 / § 16-4517
§ 16-4517. Certified copies of custody decree.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-4204 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 42 / § 16-4204
§ 16-4204. Waiver and preclusion of privilege.
Status: in_force

(a) A privilege under § 16-4203 may be waived in a record or orally during a proceeding if it is expressly waived by all parties to the mediation and:
  (1) In the case of the privilege of a mediator, it is expressly waived by the mediator; and
  (2) In the case of the privilege of a nonparty participant, it is expressly waived by the nonparty participant.
(b) A person that discloses or makes a representation about a mediation communication which prejudices another person in a proceeding is precluded from asserting a privilege under § 16-4203 , but only to the extent necessary for the person prejudiced to respond to the representation or disclosure.
(c) A person that intentionally uses a mediation to plan, attempt to commit, or commit a crime, or to conceal an ongoing crime or ongoing criminal activity, is precluded from asserting a privilege under § 16-4203 .
D.C. Code § 16-1056 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1056
§ 16-1056. Confidentiality of information and proceedings; penalty for unlawful disclosure of information.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in this section, information and records obtained or created by the Board are confidential and not subject to civil discovery or to disclosure pursuant to subchapter II of Chapter 5 of Title 2 .
(b) Information and records presented to the Board for review shall not be immune from subpoena, discovery, or prohibited from being introduced into evidence solely because they were presented to or reviewed by the Board if the information and records have been obtained through other sources.
(c) Information required to be reported under §§ 4-1321.02 and 4-1321.03 shall be disclosed by the Board to the Child and Family Services Agency.
(d) An individual who appears before or participates in the Board’s review of domestic violence cases shall sign a confidentiality agreement acknowledging that any information provided to the Board is confidential.
(e) Board meetings are closed to the public and are not subject to § 1-207.42 .
(f) Information identifying a victim of domestic violence or that person’s family members, or an alleged perpetrator of abuse upon the victim, shall not be disclosed in any report that is available to the public.
(g) (1) Whoever discloses, receives, makes use of, or knowingly permits the use of information concerning a victim or other person in violation of this section shall be subject to a fine of not more than $1,000.
  (2) Violations of this section shall be prosecuted by the Office of the Corporation Counsel in the name of the District of Columbia.
  (3) Subject to appropriation for this purpose, any fines collected pursuant to this section shall be used by the Board to fund its activities.
D.C. Code § 16-517 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-517
§ 16-517. Attachment of other property in replevin action.
Status: in_force

Where the action is to replevy specific personal property and it has not been replevied, other property may be attached in the action to recover damages and costs, and if a judgment is rendered for damages and costs, it shall carry the same rights as other judgments.
D.C. Code § 16-2392 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2392
§ 16-2392. Guardianship order; finality; appeals; transcripts.
Status: in_force

(a) Every guardianship order shall be in writing and shall recite the findings upon which such order is based, including findings pertaining to the court’s jurisdiction.
(b) Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, in all hearings and cases tried before the court pursuant to this subchapter, the judgment of the court shall be final.
(c) In all appeals from decisions of the court with respect to an order under this subchapter, the child shall be identified only by initials in all transcripts, briefs, and other papers filed, and all necessary steps, as prescribed by rule of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, shall be taken to protect the identity of the child.
(d) Upon the filing of a motion and supporting affidavit stating that he or she is financially unable to purchase a transcript, a party who has filed notice of appeal or of interlocutory appeal of an order under this subchapter shall be furnished, at no cost or at such part of cost as he or she is able to pay, so much of the transcript as is necessary to prepare adequately and support the appeal.
(e) An appeal does not operate to stay the order, judgment, or decree appealed from, but whenever the case is properly before the appellate court, that court, on application and hearing, may order otherwise if suitable provision is made in the order for the care and custody of the child.
D.C. Code § 16-2356 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2356
§ 16-2356. Parties.
Status: in_force

Parties to a proceeding for the termination of the parent and child relationship shall be the child, the parent of the named child, and the agency having the legal custody of the child. The judge may at his or her discretion, name on his or her own motion or in response to a motion for joinder or intervention, join additional parties to a proceeding to terminate the parent and child relationship.
D.C. Code § 16-2931 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 29 / § 16-2931
§ 16-2931. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of this subchapter, the term:
  (1) "Determination of value" means a court order:
    (A) Determining the fair market value of real property pursuant to § 16-2934 or § 16-2938 ; or
    (B) Adopting the valuation of real property agreed to by all cotenants.
  (2) "Partition by sale" means a court-ordered sale of the entire real property, whether by auction, sealed bids, or open-market sale conducted pursuant to § 16-2938 .
  (3) "Partition in kind" means the division of real property into physically distinct and separately titled parcels.
  (4) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
D.C. Code § 16-4508 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 45 / § 16-4508
§ 16-4508. Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-5102 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 51 / § 16-5102
§ 16-5102. Confidentiality of certain information developed during jury selection.
Status: in_force

(a) During the jury selection segment of any case pending in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, the name, home address, business address (if any), and all other identifying information of any citizen who is called for jury service in that case shall not be used by anyone other than for the purpose of selecting a fair and impartial jury. After jury selection has been completed or terminated by the court, no person other than the subject of the identifying information or the court shall divulge or use the name, home address, business address (if any), or any other identifying information of any citizen who participated in that jury selection, whether or not the citizen was selected to serve on the jury, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) An officer or employee of the court may divulge the name of any citizen who participated in jury selection pursuant to rules adopted by the court.
(c) Nothing contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be construed to prohibit a citizen, party, or attorney, or their agents, from divulging, making known, or using the identifying information of any citizen who is called for jury service where the party, attorney, or agent has obtained authorization from the court:
  (1) Pursuant to § 11-1914(b) in connection with the preparation or presentation of a motion under § 11-1910 ; or
  (2) Based upon good cause shown and pursuant to rules promulgated by the court.
D.C. Code § 16-4507 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 45 / § 16-4507
§ 16-4507. Inconvenient forum.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-2925 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 29 / § 16-2925
§ 16-2925. Sale of indivisible property; discharge from dower or intestate share.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-831.11 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 8A / § 16-831.11
§ 16-831.11. Modification or termination of orders.
Status: in_force

(a) An award of custody to a third party under this chapter may be modified or terminated upon the motion of any party, or on the court’s own motion, upon a determination that there has been a substantial and material change in circumstances and that the modification or termination is in the best interests of the child.
(b) When a motion to modify an award of custody to a third party under this chapter is filed, the burden of proof is on the party seeking a change, and the standard of proof shall be by a preponderance of the evidence.
(c) Any award of custody based on revocable parental consent entered pursuant to the agreement of all parties under § 16-831.06(d) shall be immediately vacated and of no further effect upon the filing of a revocation by the consenting parent or the third party.
D.C. Code § 16-2502 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 25 / § 16-2502
§ 16-2502. Notice; contents.
Status: repealed

[Repealed].
D.C. Code § 16-1502 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 15 / § 16-1502
§ 16-1502. Service of summons.
Status: in_force

(a) The summons provided for by section 16-1501 shall be served at least 14 days before the day fixed for the initial hearing of the action. If the defendant has left the District, or cannot be found, the summons may be served by delivering a copy of the summons to the tenant, or by leaving a copy with some person above the age of 16 years residing on or in possession of the premises, or by posting a copy of the summons on the premises where it may be conveniently read.
(b) (1) If the summons is posted on the premises, a copy of the summons shall be mailed first class U.S. mail, postage prepaid, to the premises sought to be recovered, addressed in the name of the person known to be in possession of the premises, or, if unknown, addressed in the name of the person occupying the premises, within 3 calendar days of the date of posting.
  (2) If a summons is served by posting a copy on the premises, a photograph of the posted summons must be submitted to the court. The photograph must have a readable timestamp that indicates the date and time when the summons was posted.
D.C. Code § 16-5502 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / § 16-5502
§ 16-5502. Special motion to dismiss.
Status: in_force

(a) A party may file a special motion to dismiss any claim arising from an act in furtherance of the right of advocacy on issues of public interest within 45 days after service of the claim.
(b) If a party filing a special motion to dismiss under this section makes a prima facie showing that the claim at issue arises from an act in furtherance of the right of advocacy on issues of public interest, then the motion shall be granted unless the responding party demonstrates that the claim is likely to succeed on the merits, in which case the motion shall be denied.
(c) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, upon the filing of a special motion to dismiss, discovery proceedings on the claim shall be stayed until the motion has been disposed of.
  (2) When it appears likely that targeted discovery will enable the plaintiff to defeat the motion and that the discovery will not be unduly burdensome, the court may order that specified discovery be conducted. Such an order may be conditioned upon the plaintiff paying any expenses incurred by the defendant in responding to such discovery.
(d) The court shall hold an expedited hearing on the special motion to dismiss, and issue a ruling as soon as practicable after the hearing. If the special motion to dismiss is granted, dismissal shall be with prejudice.
D.C. Code § 16-2399.02 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2399.02
§ 16-2399.02. Guardianship petition.
Status: in_force

(a) A vulnerable youth or proposed guardian may file a petition with the Family Court to appoint a guardian under this subchapter . The petition shall name the proposed guardian and describe why:
  (1) The appointment is in the best interests of the vulnerable youth;
  (2) Reunification of the vulnerable youth with one or both parents is not viable due to abuse, neglect, abandonment, or a similar basis under District law; and
  (3) It is not in the best interests of the vulnerable youth to be returned to the vulnerable youth's or vulnerable youth's previous parents' country of nationality or country of last habitual residence.
(b) The court shall determine whether it is in the vulnerable youth's best interests that a guardian be appointed by considering:
  (1) The vulnerable youth's need for continuity of care and caretakers, and for timely integration into a stable home, taking into account the differences in the development and the concept of time of youth of different ages and nationalities;
  (2) The physical, mental, and emotional health of all individuals involved to the degree that each affects the welfare of the vulnerable youth, the decisive consideration in regard to this factor being the physical, mental, and emotional needs of the vulnerable youth;
  (3) Access to stability, safety, supports or services to remedy the impacts of prior abuse, abandonment, neglect, or a similar basis under District law;
  (4) The quality of the interaction and interrelationship of the vulnerable youth with his or her parents, siblings, relatives, and caretakers, including the proposed guardian; and
  (5) The vulnerable youth's opinion of their own best interest.
(c) No fees shall be charged for a petition filed under this subchapter .
D.C. Code § 16-920 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-920
§ 16-920. Effective date of decree or judgment for annulment or absolute divorce.
Status: in_force

A decree or judgment annulling or dissolving a marriage, granting an absolute divorce, or terminating a domestic partnership, shall become effective to dissolve the bonds of matrimony or domestic partnership 30 days after the docketing of the decree or judgment unless either party applies for a stay with the Superior Court of the District of Columbia or the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. If the application for a stay is denied, the judgment will become final upon entry of the court’s order denying the stay. If the application for a stay is granted, the stay shall continue in effect until the conclusion of the appeal. If the parties desire immediate finality, they may file a joint waiver of the right to appeal, which will make the decree or judgment final upon docketing of the joint waiver.
D.C. Code § 16-521 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-521
§ 16-521. Interrogatories to garnishee; oral examination.
Status: in_force

(a) In any case in which a writ of attachment is issued, the plaintiff may submit interrogatories in writing, in such form as may be allowed by the rules or special order of the court, to be served on any garnishee, asking about any property of the defendant in his possession or charge, or indebtedness of his to the defendant at the time of the service of the attachment, or between the time of service and the filing of his answers to the interrogatories. The garnishee shall file his answers under oath to the interrogatories within ten days after service upon him.
(b) In addition to the answers to written interrogatories required of him, the garnishee may, on motion, be required to appear in court and be examined orally, under oath, touching any property or credits of the defendant in his hands.
D.C. Code § 16-1032 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1032
§ 16-1032. Records.
Status: in_force

Any law enforcement officer who investigates an intrafamily offense shall file a written report of the incident with the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police force (“Police force”), including the law enforcement officer’s disposition of the case. The Police force shall maintain the written report.
D.C. Code § 16-4424 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 44 / § 16-4424
§ 16-4424. Modification or correction of award.
Status: in_force

(a) Upon motion made within 90 days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to § 16-4419 or within 90 days after the movant receives notice of a modified or corrected award pursuant to § 16-4420 , the court shall modify or correct the award if:
  (1) There was an evident mathematical miscalculation or an evident mistake in the description of a person, thing, or property referred to in the award;
  (2) The arbitrator has made an award on a claim not submitted to the arbitrator and the award may be corrected without affecting the merits of the decision upon the claims submitted; or
  (3) The award is imperfect in a matter of form not affecting the merits of the decision on the claims submitted.
(b) If a motion made under subsection (a) of this section is granted, the court shall modify or correct and confirm the award as modified or corrected. Otherwise, unless a motion to vacate is pending, the court shall confirm the award.
(c) A motion to modify or correct an award pursuant to this section may be joined with a motion to vacate the award.
(d) Irrespective of the time periods established in subsection (a) of this section and § 16-4423(c) , a consumer may also seek to modify or vacate an award issued pursuant to a consumer arbitration agreement within 30 days of receiving notice of a motion to confirm the award.
D.C. Code § 16-3523 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 35 / § 16-3523
§ 16-3523. Refusal of United States attorney or Attorney General of the District of Columbia to act; procedures.
Status: in_force

If the United States attorney or Corporation Counsel refuses to institute a quo warranto proceeding on the request of a person interested, the interested person may apply to the court by certified petition for leave to have the writ issued. When, in the opinion of the court, the reasons set forth in the petition are sufficient in law, the writ shall be allowed to be issued by any attorney, in the name of the District of Columbia, on the relation of the interested person, on his compliance with the conditions prescribed by section 16-3522   as to security for costs.
D.C. Code § 16-1337 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1337
§ 16-1337. Construction of subchapter.
Status: in_force

This subchapter does not repeal any provisions of existing law pertaining to the condemnation or acquisition of streets, alleys, or land, or the law or laws relating to the subdividing of lands in the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 16-527 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-527
§ 16-527. Judgment in case of undertaking for retention of property or credits.
Status: in_force

(a) When property or credits attached are released upon an undertaking given as provided by sections 16-509 and 16-510, and judgment in the action is rendered in favor of the plaintiff, it is a joint judgment against both the defendant and all persons in the undertaking for the appraised value of the property or the amount of the credits.
(b) When the property attached has been delivered to or retained by a garnishee, upon his executing an undertaking as provided by section 16-509, judgment of condemnation of the property shall be rendered as provided by section 16-525, and judgment shall also be entered that the plaintiff recover from the garnishee and his surety or sureties the value of the property, not exceeding the plaintiff’s claim, the judgment to be entered satisfied if the property is forthcoming and delivered to the marshal, undiminished in value, within ten days after the judgment; otherwise, execution thereon may be had against the garnishee and his surety or sureties; and if the property is so delivered to the marshal the same shall be sold by him under fieri facias to satisfy the judgment of condemnation.
D.C. Code § 16-5503 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 55 / § 16-5503
§ 16-5503. Special motion to quash.
Status: in_force

(a) A person whose personal identifying information is sought, pursuant to a discovery order, request, or subpoena, in connection with a claim arising from an act in furtherance of the right of advocacy on issues of public interest may make a special motion to quash the discovery order, request, or subpoena.
(b) If a person bringing a special motion to quash under this section makes a prima facie showing that the underlying claim arises from an act in furtherance of the right of advocacy on issues of public interest, then the motion shall be granted unless the party seeking his or her personal identifying information demonstrates that the underlying claim is likely to succeed on the merits, in which case the motion shall be denied.
D.C. Code § 16-1158 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / § 16-1158
§ 16-1158. Persons holding over after life estate; damages.
Status: in_force

A guardian or trustee for an infant, or other person having an estate determinable upon life or lives, who, after the determination of the particular estate or interest, without the express consent of the person or persons who is or are next and immediately entitled thereto, holds over and continues in possession of the real property, is a trespasser. Any person entitled to the real property upon or after the determination of the particular estate or interest, or his executor or administrator, may recover in damages against the person so holding over, or his executor or administrator, the full value of the profits received during the wrongful possession.
D.C. Code § 16-4603.02 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4603.02
§ 16-4603.02. Enforcement under Hague Convention.
Status: in_force

Under this subchapter, a court of the District may enforce an order for the return of the child made under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction as if it were a child-custody determination.
D.C. Code § 16-506 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-506
§ 16-506. Traversing affidavits; quashing writ of attachment; trial of issues.
Status: in_force

If the defendant files affidavits traversing the affidavits filed by the plaintiff the court shall determine whether the facts set forth in the plaintiff’s affidavits as ground for issuing the attachment are true, and whether there was just ground for issuing the attachment. When, in the opinion of the court, the proofs do not sustain the affidavit of the plaintiff, his agent, or attorney, the court shall quash the writ of attachment. This issue may be tried by the court or a judge at chambers after three days’ notice. The issue may be tried as well upon oral testimony as upon affidavits. If the court deems it expedient, a jury may be impaneled to try the issue.
D.C. Code § 16-554 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-554
§ 16-554. Claims to attached property.
Status: in_force

Any person may file his motion and affidavit in the cause, at any time before the final disposition of the property attached or its proceeds, except where it is real property, setting forth a claim thereto or an interest in or lien upon the same. The court, without other pleadings, shall try the issues raised by the claim, with a jury if either party so requests, and may make all orders necessary to protect any rights of the claimant.
D.C. Code § 16-4601.08 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4601.08
§ 16-4601.08. Appearance and limited immunity.
Status: in_force

(a) A party to a child-custody proceeding, including a modification proceeding, or a petitioner or respondent in a proceeding to enforce or register a child-custody determination, is not subject to personal jurisdiction in the District for another proceeding or purpose solely by reason of having participated, or of having been physically present for the purpose of participating, in the proceeding.
(b) A person who is subject to personal jurisdiction in the District on a basis other than physical presence is not immune from service of process in the District. A party present in the District who is subject to the jurisdiction of another state is not immune from service of process allowable under the laws of that state.
(c) The immunity granted by subsection (a) of this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to the participation in a proceeding under this chapter committed by an individual while present in the District.
D.C. Code § 16-2301.01 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2301.01
§ 16-2301.01. References deemed to refer to Family Court of the Superior Court.
Status: in_force

Any reference in this chapter or any other Federal or District of Columbia law, Executive order, rule, regulation, delegation of authority, or any document of or pertaining to the Family Division of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia shall be deemed to refer to the Family Court of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 16-903 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-903
§ 16-903. Decree annulling marriage.
Status: in_force

A decree annulling the marriage as illegal and void may be rendered on any of the grounds specified by sections 46-401.01   and 46-403   as invalidating a marriage.
D.C. Code § 16-4603.03 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4603.03
§ 16-4603.03. Duty to enforce.
Status: in_force

(a) A court of the District shall recognize and enforce a child-custody determination of a court of another state if the latter court exercised jurisdiction in substantial conformity with this chapter or the determination was made under factual circumstances meeting the jurisdictional standards of this chapter and the determination has not been modified in accordance with this chapter.
(b) A court of the District may utilize any remedy available under other law of the District to enforce a child-custody determination made by a court of another state. The remedies provided in this subchapter are cumulative and do not affect the availability of other remedies to enforce a child-custody determination.
D.C. Code § 16-2390 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2390
§ 16-2390. Jurisdiction.
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the court shall have jurisdiction to enter guardianship order and shall retain jurisdiction to enforce, modify, or terminate a guardianship order until a child reaches 21 years of age; provided, that when the child reaches 18 years of age, the child consents and the court finds it is in the best interest of the child.
(b) A child who exits foster care to guardianship may not reenter foster care after age 18.
D.C. Code § 16-909.01 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-909.01
§ 16-909.01. Establishment of paternity by voluntary acknowledgment and based on genetic test results.
Status: in_force

(a) Paternity may be established by:
  (1) (A) A written statement of the father and mother signed in the District under oath (which may include signature in the presence of a notary) that acknowledges paternity; provided, that before the parents sign the acknowledgment, both have been given written and oral notice of the alternatives to, legal consequences of, and the rights and responsibilities that arise from signing the acknowledgment. Oral notice may be given through videotape or audiotape.
    (B) The acknowledgment shall include the full name, the social security number, the date of birth of the mother, father, and child, the addresses of the mother and father, the birthplace of the child, an explanation of the legal consequences of the affidavit, a statement indicating that both parents understand their rights, responsibilities, and the alternatives and consequences of signing the affidavit, the place the affidavit was completed, signature lines for the parents, and any other data elements required by federal law.
    (C) Nothing in this paragraph shall affect the validity of a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity executed before December 23, 1997, or preclude the submission of an acknowledgment of paternity that does not comply with the requirements of this paragraph as evidence of paternity in a judicial or administrative proceeding.
    (D) An acknowledgement signed in the District shall establish paternity pursuant to § 16-909(b-1)(2) unless it is proven that the requirements of this paragraph were not fully met; or
  (2) A result and an affidavit from a laboratory of a genetic test of a type generally acknowledged as reliable by accreditation bodies designated by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that is performed by a laboratory approved by such a body, that affirms at least a 99% probability that the putative father is the father of the child.
(a-1) A signatory to a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity pursuant to subsection (a)(1) of this section may rescind the acknowledgment within the earlier of 60 days or the date of an administrative or judicial proceeding relating to the child in which the signatory is a party.
(b) When a child has no presumed parent pursuant to § 16-909(a)(1) through (4) or § 16-909(a-1)(2) , an acknowledgment in accordance with subsection (a)(1) of this section, which has not been rescinded pursuant to subsection (a-1) of this section, or a genetic test and affidavit that meet the requirements of subsection (a)(2) of this section shall legally establish the parent-child relationship between the father and the child for all rights, privileges, duties, and obligations under the laws of the District of Columbia. The acknowledgment or genetic test and affidavit shall be admissible as evidence of paternity.
(c) A public or private agency or institution that operates in the District of Columbia shall accept as adequate proof of paternity a birth certificate issued by the District of Columbia after the effective date of the District of Columbia Paternity Establishment Temporary Act of 1991 [June 18, 1991] or other evidence that the requirements of subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section have occurred.
(d) If a child has a presumed parent, in the absence of an acknowledgment, or if the probability of paternity shown by a genetic test is less than 99%, paternity may be established as otherwise provided in this chapter.
D.C. Code § 16-1065 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10A / § 16-1065
§ 16-1065. Notice to the parties.
Status: in_force

(a) Pursuant to the Rules of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, the respondent shall be served with notice of the hearing, an order to appear, a copy of the petition, and a temporary anti-stalking order, if issued.
(b) (1) If a minor has petitioned for an anti-stalking order without a parent, guardian, or custodian, and if the minor is residing with a parent, guardian, or custodian, the court shall send a copy of any order issued pursuant to § 16-1063(d) and notice of the hearing to that parent, guardian, or custodian, unless, in the discretion of the court, notification of that parent, guardian, or custodian would be contrary to the best interests of the minor.
  (2) If the court does not send notice to the parent, guardian, or custodian with whom the minor resides, the court may, in its discretion, send notice to any other parent, guardian, custodian, or other appropriate adult.
(c) The notice of hearing shall notify the respondent that if the respondent does not attend the hearing, the court may issue an order against the respondent that may last up to 2 years.
(d) A respondent is deemed to have been personally served and no additional proof of service is required for enforcement of an order if the respondent is present before the court when the order is issued or if the respondent is served with the order in open court.
(e) At the request of the petitioner, the Metropolitan Police Department may attempt to serve civil process in any case filed under this chapter that has an address for service in the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 16-522 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-522
§ 16-522. Traverse of garnishee’s answers; trial of issue; costs and attorney’s fee.
Status: in_force

If any garnishee answers to interrogatories that he does not have property or credits of the defendant, or has less than the amount of the plaintiff’s claim, the plaintiff may traverse the answer as to the existence or amount of the property or credits, and the issue thereby made may be tried as provided by section 16-520  . In such a case, where judgment is rendered for the garnishee, the plaintiff shall be adjudged to pay to the garnishee, in addition to the taxed costs, a reasonable attorney’s fee. If the issue is found for the plaintiff, judgment shall be rendered for him in accordance with the finding.
D.C. Code § 16-4810 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 48 / § 16-4810
§ 16-4810. Revocation, repudiation, or rescission of standby guardianship.
Status: in_force

(a) The authority of a standby guardian approved by the Court pursuant to § 16-4805 may be revoked by the designator filing a notice of revocation with the Court.
  (1) The notice of revocation shall identify the standby guardian or alternate standby guardian to whom the revocation shall apply.
  (2) A copy of the revocation shall also be delivered to the standby guardian whose authority is revoked and to any alternate standby guardian who may be authorized to act. The revocation shall be delivered to the standby guardian and the alternate standby guardian by certified mail, restricted delivery, return receipt requested or by any other method allowed by local law.
(b) An executed designation not yet effective because a triggering event has not occurred or a petition has not been filed may be revoked by the designator or repudiated by the prospective standby guardian by notifying the other party in writing.
(c) A designation may also be revoked by the execution of a subsequent inconsistent designation.
(d) If at any time the Court finds that the designator no longer meets the definition of designator as that term is defined in § 16-4802(8) , the Court shall rescind its approval of the standby guardian.
(e) The standby guardian shall file with the Court, as soon as practicable but no later than 90 days following a designator’s death, a copy of the certificate of death. The standby guardian’s failure to file within the 90-day period shall be grounds for the Court to rescind the authority of the standby guardian sua sponte. All acts undertaken by the standby guardian on behalf of and in the interest of the child before the Court’s rescission shall be valid and enforceable.
D.C. Code § 16-1022 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1022
§ 16-1022. Prohibited acts.
Status: in_force

(a) No parent, or any person acting pursuant to directions from the parent, may intentionally conceal a child from the child’s other parent.
(b) No relative, or any person acting pursuant to directions from the relative, who knows that another person is the lawful custodian of a child may:
  (1) Abduct, take, or carry away a child with the intent to prevent a lawful custodian from exercising rights to custody of the child;
  (2) Abduct, take, or carry away a child from a person with whom the relative has joint custody pursuant to an order, judgment, or decree of any court, with the intent to prevent a lawful custodian from exercising rights to custody to the child;
  (3) Having obtained actual physical control of a child for a limited period of time in the exercise of the right to visit with or to be visited by the child or the right of limited custody of the child, pursuant to an order, judgment, or decree of any court, which grants custody of the child to another or jointly with the relative, with intent to harbor, secrete, detain, or conceal the child or to deprive a lawful custodian of the physical custody of the child, keep the child for more than 48 hours after a lawful custodian demands that the child be returned or makes all reasonable efforts to communicate a demand for the child’s return;
  (4) Having custody of a child pursuant to an order, judgment, or decree of any court, which grants another person limited rights to custody of the child or the right to visit with or to be visited by the child, conceal, harbor, secrete, or detain the child with intent to deprive the other person of the right of limited custody or visitation;
  (5) Conceal, harbor, secrete, or detain the child knowing that physical custody of the child was obtained or retained by another in violation of this subsection with the intent to prevent a lawful custodian from exercising rights to custody to the child;
  (6) Act as an aider and abettor, conspirator, or accessory to any of the actions forbidden by this section;
  (7) After being served with process in an action affecting the family but prior to the issuance of a temporary or final order determining custody rights to a child, take or entice the child outside of the District for the purpose of depriving a lawful custodian of physical custody of the child; or
  (8) After issuance of a temporary or final order specifying joint custody rights, take or entice a child from the other joint custodian in violation of the custody order.
D.C. Code § 16-1106 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 11 / § 16-1106
§ 16-1106. Performance of contract by vendee as precluding vendor from recovery.
Status: in_force

Where real property has been sold under a written contract executed by the vendor, and there has been such a performance of its terms by the vendee as would entitle him to a decree for a conveyance of the legal title, without condition, the vendor may not recover the property from the vendee.
D.C. Code § 16-510 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-510
§ 16-510. Release of property or credits from attachment; sufficiency of undertaking.
Status: in_force

(a) Either the defendant or the person in whose possession the property is attached may obtain a release of the property from the attachment, after it has been taken into the custody of the marshal and the writ has been returned, by giving the undertaking required of him by section 16-509, with security to be approved by the court.
(b) The plaintiff may except to the sufficiency of the undertaking accepted by the marshal and, if the exceptions are sustained, the court shall require a new undertaking, with sufficient surety, by a day to be named, in default of which the marshal shall be liable to the plaintiff on his official bond for any loss sustained by the plaintiff through the default.
(c) Either the defendant or the person in whose possession credits are attached may obtain a release of the credits from the attachment by filing an undertaking with security to be approved by the court.
D.C. Code § 16-831.01 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 8A / § 16-831.01
§ 16-831.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter, the term:
(1) “De facto parent” means an individual:
  (A) Who:
    (i) Lived with the child in the same household at the time of the child’s birth or adoption by the child’s parent;
    (ii) Has taken on full and permanent responsibilities as the child’s parent; and
    (iii) Has held himself or herself out as the child’s parent with the agreement of the child’s parent or, if there are 2 parents, both parents; or
  (B) Who:
    (i) Has lived with the child in the same household for at least 10 of the 12 months immediately preceding the filing of the complaint or motion for custody;
    (ii) Has formed a strong emotional bond with the child with the encouragement and intent of the child’s parent that a parent-child relationship form between the child and the third party;
    (iii) Has taken on full and permanent responsibilities as the child’s parent; and
    (iv) Has held himself or herself out as the child’s parent with the agreement of the child’s parent, or if there are 2 parents, both parents.
(2) “Intrafamily offense” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 16-1001(8) .
(3) “Legal custody” means legal responsibility for a child, including the right to:
  (A) Make decisions regarding the child’s health, education, and general welfare;
  (B) Access the child’s educational, medical, psychological, dental, or other records; and
  (C) Speak with and obtain information regarding the child from school officials, health care providers, counselors, or other persons interacting with the child.
(4) “Physical custody” means a child’s living arrangements. The term “physical custody” includes a child’s residency or visitation schedule.
(5) “Third party” means a person other than the child’s parent or de facto parent.
D.C. Code § 16-1052 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1052
§ 16-1052. Establishment and purpose.
Status: in_force

(a) There is established, as part of the District of Columbia government, a Domestic Violence Fatality Review Board. Facilities and other administrative support may be provided in a specific department or through the Board, as determined by the Mayor.
(b) The purpose of the Board is to prevent domestic violence fatalities by improving the response of individuals, the community, and government agencies to domestic violence.
(c) The Board shall:
  (1) Identify and characterize the scope and nature of domestic violence fatalities in the District of Columbia;
  (2) Describe and record any trends, data, or patterns that are observed surrounding domestic violence fatalities;
  (3) Examine past events and circumstances surrounding domestic violence fatalities by reviewing records and other pertinent documents of public and private agencies responsible for investigating deaths or treating victims;
  (4) Develop and revise, as necessary, operating rules and procedures for review of domestic violence fatalities, including identification of cases to be reviewed, coordination among the agencies and professionals involved, and improvement of the identification, data collection, and record keeping of the causes of domestic violence fatalities;
  (5) Recommend systemic improvements to promote improved and integrated public and private systems serving victims of domestic violence;
  (6) Recommend components for prevention and education programs; and
  (7) Recommend training to improve the identification and investigation of domestic violence fatalities.
(d) The Board shall prepare an annual report of findings, recommendations, and steps taken to implement recommendations. The report shall not contain information identifying any victim of domestic violence, or the victim’s family members, or an alleged or suspected perpetrator of abuse upon a victim. The annual report shall be submitted to the public, the Mayor, and the Council on July 1 of each year, and shall be presented to the Council at a public hearing.
D.C. Code § 16-4519 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 45 / § 16-4519
§ 16-4519. Hearings and studies in another state; orders to appear.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-2388 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2388
§ 16-2388. Adjudicatory hearings.
Status: in_force

(a) The court shall begin the adjudicatory hearing by determining whether all parties are present and whether proper notice of the hearing has been given. If a parent has been given proper notice but fails to appear, the court may proceed in the parent’s absence.
(b) The court shall hear evidence presented by the moving party and the burden of proof shall rest upon the moving party.
(c) Every party shall have the right to present evidence, to be heard in his or her own behalf, and to cross-examine witnesses called by another party.
(d) All evidence which is relevant, material, and competent to the issues before the court shall be admitted.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 14-306 and 14-307, neither the spouse or domestic partner privilege nor the physician/client or mental health professional/client privilege shall be a ground for excluding evidence in any proceeding brought under this subchapter.
(f) The court may enter, modify, or terminate a guardianship order after considering all of the evidence presented, including the Mayor’s report and recommendation, and after making a determination based upon a preponderance of the evidence that creation, modification, or termination of the guardianship order is in the child’s best interests. If the court does not find that sufficient grounds exist to create, modify, or terminate a guardianship order, the motion may be dismissed.
D.C. Code § 16-5621 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 56 / § 16-5621
§ 16-5621. Judgment on award.
Status: in_force

(a) On granting an order confirming, vacating without directing a rehearing, or amending an award under this chapter , the Superior Court shall enter judgment in conformity with the order.
(b) On motion of a party, the Superior Court may order that a document or part of the arbitration record be sealed or redacted to prevent public disclosure of all or part of the record or award to the extent permitted under law of the District other than this chapter .
D.C. Code § 16-4603.01 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 46 / § 16-4603.01
§ 16-4603.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term:
(1) “Petitioner” means a person who seeks enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child-custody determination.
(2) “Respondent” means a person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction or enforcement of a child-custody determination.
D.C. Code § 16-1004 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 10 / § 16-1004
§ 16-1004. Petition; temporary protection order.
Status: in_force

(a) Upon receipt of a petition filed pursuant to § 16-1003 , the Domestic Violence Division shall:
  (1) Order that a hearing be held to determine whether to issue a civil protection order against the respondent; and
  (2) Where appropriate, consolidate the case with other matters before the court involving the same parties.
(b) When petitioning for a civil protection order, a petitioner or a person petitioning on the petitioner's behalf may also request that a temporary protection order be issued without notice to the respondent.
(c) If the petitioner or a person petitioning on the petitioner's behalf requests that the court issue a temporary protection order pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the court shall grant or deny the request after a hearing held on the same day that the request was made, unless the request is filed too late in the day to permit effective review, in which case the court shall grant or deny the request after a hearing held the next day the court is open.
(d) The court may issue a temporary protection order if the petitioner or a person petitioning on the petitioner's behalf establishes that the safety or welfare of the petitioner, or an animal the petitioner owns, possesses, or controls, is immediately endangered by the respondent.
(e) (1) A temporary protection order shall remain in effect for an initial period not to exceed 14 days as necessary to complete service and the hearing on the petition.
  (2) The court may extend a temporary protection order as necessary to complete service and the hearing on the petition:
    (A) In 14-day increments;
    (B) In increments up to 28 days for good cause; or
    (C) For a longer time period with the consent of both parties.
(f) The court may modify or terminate a temporary protection order.
(g) If a respondent fails to appear for a hearing on a petition for a civil protection order after having been served with notice of the hearing, a petition, and a temporary protection order in accordance with the Rules of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, and the court enters a civil protection order in accordance with § 16-1005 , the temporary protection order shall remain in effect until the respondent is served with the civil protection order or the civil protection order expires, whichever occurs first.
(h) A temporary protection order issued under this section:
  (1) May include any of the relief set forth in § 16-1005(c) ;
  (2) Shall require that the respondent relinquish possession of any firearms or ammunition and prohibit the respondent from having possession or control of, purchasing, or receiving any firearm or ammunition while the protection order is in effect.
(i) A temporary protection order issued pursuant to this section shall include notice explaining that:
  (1) If the day on which the temporary protection order is set to expire is a Saturday, Sunday, a day observed as a holiday by the court, or a day on which the weather or other conditions cause the court to be closed, the temporary protection order shall remain in effect until the end of the next day on which the court is open; and
  (2) If the respondent fails to appear for a hearing on a petition for civil protection after having been served, and a civil protection order is entered, the temporary protection order shall remain in effect until the respondent is served with the civil protection order or the civil protection order expires, whichever occurs first.
D.C. Code § 16-3740 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 37 / § 16-3740
§ 16-3740. Judgment for defendant and determination of damages.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 16-901 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 9 / § 16-901
§ 16-901. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter, the term:
(1) “Cash medical support” means an amount ordered to be paid toward the cost of health insurance provided by a public entity or by another parent, through employment or otherwise, or for extraordinary medical expenses as defined in § 16-916(j)(1) [ § 16-916.01(j)(1) ], or for other medical costs not covered by insurance.
(2) “Court” means the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
(3) “Domestic partner” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(3) .
(4) “Domestic partnership” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(4) .
(5) “IV-D agency” means the organizational unit of the District government, or any successor organizational unit, that is responsible for administering or supervising the administration of the District’s State Plan under title IV, part D, of the Social Security Act, approved January 4, 1975 (88 Stat. 2351; 42 U.S.C. § 651 et seq.), pertaining to parent locator services, paternity establishment, and the establishment, modification, and enforcement of support orders.
(6) “IV-D case” means a case in which the IV-D agency provides services for the purpose of establishing paternity or establishing, modifying, or enforcing a child support obligation.
(6A) “Gender identity or expression” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 2-1401.02(12A) .
(7) “Health insurance coverage” means benefits consisting of amounts paid for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or amounts paid for the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body (provided directly, through insurance or reimbursement, or otherwise, and includes items and services) under any hospital or medical service policy or certificate, hospital, or medical service plan contract, or health maintenance organization contract offered by a health insurer that is available to either parent, under which medical services could be provided to a dependent child.
(8) “Support order” means a judgment, decree, or order, whether temporary, final, or subject to modification, issued by a court or an administrative agency of competent jurisdiction, for the support and maintenance of a child, including a child who has attained the age of majority under the law of the issuing state, or a child and the parent with whom the child is living, which provides for monetary support, health care, arrearages, or reimbursement and which may include related costs and fees, interest and penalties, income withholding, attorneys’ fees, and other relief.
D.C. Code § 16-4703 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 47 / § 16-4703
§ 16-4703. Compelled disclosure permitted.
Status: in_force

(a) A court may compel disclosure of news or information otherwise protected from disclosure under section 16-4702(2) if the court finds that the party seeking the news or information established by clear and convincing evidence that:
  (1) The news or information is relevant to a significant legal issue before a judicial, legislative, administrative, or other body that has the power to issue a subpoena;
  (2) The news or information could not, with due diligence, be obtained by any alternative means; and
  (3) There is an overriding public interest in the disclosure.
(b) A court may not compel disclosure of the source of any information protected under section 16-4702.
D.C. Code § 16-1357 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 13 / § 16-1357
§ 16-1357. Drawing of jurors, and selection of jury; qualifications.
Status: in_force

When the date for trial has been set, as provided by section 16-1356  , the court shall order the names of a number of persons, not less than twenty, selected from the special jury list provided by section 16-1312  , and the names of the persons selected shall be certified to the clerk of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia as a panel of prospective jurors. The persons so certified shall be thereupon summoned by the United States marshal for the District of Columbia to appear in the court on the day specially fixed for the trial of the cause. Before selecting or impaneling the jury, the court may cause a second, third, or other further list of prospective jurors to be drawn, certified and summoned in like manner. From the persons so certified and summoned, the court, after examination on oath and in open court as to their qualifications, shall select and impanel a jury of five capable and disinterested persons who have the qualifications of jurors as prescribed by law for the courts of the District of Columbia, and in addition thereto are not in the service or employment of the United States or of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 16-4202 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 42 / § 16-4202
§ 16-4202. Scope.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) or (c) of this section, this chapter applies to a mediation in which:
  (1) The mediation parties are required to mediate by statute or court or administrative agency rule or referred to mediation by a court, administrative agency, or arbitrator;
  (2) The mediation parties and the mediator agree to mediate in a record that demonstrates an expectation that mediation communications will be privileged against disclosure; or
  (3) The mediation parties use as a mediator an individual who holds himself or herself out as a mediator or the mediation is provided by a person that holds itself out as providing mediation.
(b) The chapter does not apply to a mediation:
  (1) Relating to the establishment, negotiation, administration, or termination of a collective bargaining relationship;
  (2) Relating to a dispute that is pending under or is part of the processes established by a collective bargaining agreement, except that the chapter applies to a mediation arising out of a dispute that has been filed with an administrative agency or court;
  (3) Conducted by a judge who might make a ruling on the case; or
  (4) Conducted under the auspices of:
    (A) A primary or secondary school, if all the mediation parties are students;
    (B) A correctional institution for youths, if all the mediation parties are residents of that institution; or
    (C) The Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia or the Mayor, if the mediation arises from a consumer complaint under authority of Chapter 39 of Title 28 of the District of Columbia Official Code, and one of the mediation parties is the consumer complainant.
(c) If the mediation parties agree in advance in a signed record, or a record of proceeding reflects agreement by the parties, that all or part of a mediation is not privileged, the privileges under §§ 16-4203 through 16-4205 shall not apply to the mediation or part agreed upon; provided, that §§ 16-4203 through 16-4205 shall apply to a mediation communication made by a person that has not received actual notice of the agreement before the communication is made.
D.C. Code § 16-4017 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 40 / § 16-4017
§ 16-4017. Privilege against disclosure for collaborative law communication; admissibility; discovery.
Status: in_force

(a) Subject to §§ 16-4018 and 16-4019 , a collaborative law communication is privileged under subsection (b) of this section, is not subject to discovery, and is not admissible as evidence.
(b) In a proceeding, the following privileges apply:
  (1) A party may refuse to disclose, and may prevent any other person from disclosing, a collaborative law communication.
  (2) A nonparty participant may refuse to disclose, and may prevent any other person from disclosing, a collaborative law communication of the nonparty participant.
(c) Evidence or information that is otherwise admissible or subject to discovery does not become inadmissible or protected from discovery solely because of its disclosure or use in a collaborative law process.
D.C. Code § 16-3503 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 35 / § 16-3503
§ 16-3503. Refusal of Attorney General or United States attorney to act; procedure.
Status: in_force

If the Attorney General or United States attorney refuses to institute a quo warranto proceeding on the request of a person interested, the interested person may apply to the court by certified petition for leave to have the writ issued. When, in the opinion of the court, the reasons set forth in the petition are sufficient in law, the writ shall be allowed to be issued by any attorney, in the name of the United States, on the relation of the interested person on his compliance with the condition prescribed by section 16-3502   as to security for costs.
D.C. Code § 16-520 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-520
§ 16-520. Defending against the attachment; trial of issues.
Status: in_force

A defendant, any garnishee, party to a forthcoming undertaking, or an officer who might be adjudged liable to the plaintiff by reason of the undertaking being adjudged insufficient, or a stranger to the action who may make claim to the property attached, may file an answer defending against the attachment. The answer may be considered as raising an issue without any reply, and any issue of fact made may be tried with a jury if any party so desires.
D.C. Code § 16-2308 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 23 / § 16-2308
§ 16-2308. Initial appearance.
Status: in_force

The initial appearance, before a judge assigned to the Division, of a child named in a delinquency or need of supervision petition or of the parent, guardian, or custodian of a child named in a neglect petition shall be at the time set forth in the summons, which shall be not later than five days after the petition has been filed. At the initial appearance, the child and his parent, guardian, or custodian shall be advised of the contents of the petition and of the right to counsel as provided in section 16-2304  . At the initial appearance the child, or in neglect cases the parent, guardian, or custodian, may admit or deny the allegations in the petition, but it shall not be necessary at the initial appearance for the Corporation Counsel to establish probable cause to believe that the allegations in the petition are true. At the initial appearance, the judge may set the time for the fact-finding hearing or continue the matter until a later time. Failure to hold the initial appearance at the time specified shall not be grounds for dismissal of the petition. This section shall not apply in any case where, prior to or at the time of the initial appearance, a detention or shelter care hearing is required by section 16-2312  .
D.C. Code § 16-571.01 — DC Code / Title 16 / Chapter 5 / § 16-571.01
§ 16-571.01. Enforcement of support orders by attachment or garnishment.
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, a notice or order to withhold issued to enforce a support order pursuant to subchapter I of Chapter 2 of Title 46 shall have priority over any other legal process and shall be implemented according to the procedures, limitations, and requirements of subchapter I of Chapter 2 of Title 46 .