D.C. Code § 42-1903.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1903.01
§ 42-1903.01. Bylaws; recordation; unit owners’ association and executive board thereof; powers and duties; officers; amendment and contents thereof; responsibility for insurance on common elements.
Status: in_force

(a) There shall be recorded simultaneously with the declaration a set of bylaws providing for the self-government of the condominium by an association of all the unit owners. The unit owners’ association may be incorporated.
(b) The bylaws shall provide whether or not the unit owners’ association shall have an executive board. The executive board, if any, shall, subsequent to the expiration of the period of declarant control specified pursuant to § 42-1903.02(a) , be elected by the unit owners unless the unit owners vote to amend the bylaws to provide otherwise. If there is to be such a board, the bylaws shall specify the powers and responsibilities of the same and the number and terms of its members. The bylaws may delegate to such board, inter alia, any of the powers and responsibilities assigned by this chapter to the unit owners’ association. The bylaws shall also specify which, if any, of its powers and responsibilities the unit owners’ association or its executive board may delegate to a managing agent.
(c) The bylaws shall provide whether or not there shall be officers in addition to the members of the executive board. If there are to be such additional officers, the bylaws shall specify the powers and responsibilities of the same, the manner of their selection and removal, their number and their terms. the bylaws may delegate to such additional officers, inter alia, any of the powers and responsibilities assigned by this chapter to the unit owners’ association.
(d) In any case where an amendment to the declaration is required by subsection (b), (c), or (d) of § 42-1902.12 , the person or persons required to execute the same shall also prepare and execute, and record simultaneously with such amendment, an amendment to the bylaws. The amendment to the bylaws shall allocate to the new units votes in the unit owners’ association, rights to future surplus funds, and liabilities for future common expenses not specially assessed, on the same bases as were used for such allocations to the units depicted on plats and plans recorded pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of § 42-1902.14 ; or shall abolish the votes appertaining to former units and reallocate their rights to future surplus funds, and their liabilities for future common expenses not specially assessed, to the remaining units in proportion to the relative rights and liabilities of the remaining units immediately prior to the amendment.
(e) Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3405.12 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3405.12
§ 42-3405.12. Declaration of continuing housing crisis.
Status: in_force

(a) Within 1 month of the first annual anniversary date of the effective date of this chapter, and during the same period of each successive year, the Mayor shall determine and then declare whether there is a continuing housing crisis in the District. If the Mayor determines that at least 1 of the factors listed in subsection (b) of this section continue to exist, the Mayor shall declare that there is a continuing housing crisis. If the Mayor determines that none of the factors listed in subsection (b) of this section continue to exist, the Mayor shall declare there is no longer a housing crisis. The Mayor’s declaration shall include the reasons for such determination.
(b) The factors which the Mayor shall consider in determining whether there is a continuing housing crisis in the District include, but are not limited to, the following:
  (1) That the percentage of all rental housing units in the District which are vacant, habitable, and available for occupancy is less than 5%;
  (2) That the number of new rental units made available for occupancy with the District of Columbia in the previous year is less than the number of units demolished, discontinued in use or converted to condominiums, cooperatives or nonhousing use;
  (3) That the number of new or substantially rehabilitated units subsidized under federal or local publicly funded programs and made available for occupancy within the District of Columbia in the past year was less than 10,000 units; and
  (4) The Mayor shall consider any other significant factors which relate to the supply of housing available for low-income District of Columbia citizens.
(c) If the Mayor declares that there is no longer a housing crisis within the District of Columbia, the Mayor shall submit a proposed resolution containing the declaration to the Council for a 45-day period of review, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays, and days of Council recess. If the Council does not approve or disapprove the proposed resolution, in whole or in part, within the 45-day review period, the proposed resolution shall be deemed approved. Upon the effective date of Council approval of the Mayor’s proposed resolution declaring that there is no longer a housing crisis in the District of Columbia, or upon a date specified in the resolution, whichever is later, the provisions of this chapter shall no longer be in effect.
D.C. Code § 42-4014 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 40 / § 42-4014
§ 42-4014. Rental Accommodations and Conversion Division.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-1904.08 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1904.08
§ 42-1904.08. Conversion condominiums; additional contents of public offering statement; notice of intent to convert; tenant’s and subtenant’s right to purchase; notice to vacate.
Status: in_force

(a) Any declarant of a conversion condominium shall include in his public offering statement, in addition to the requirements of § 42-1904.04 :
  (1) Repealed;
  (2) (A) A statement by the declarant based upon a report of a qualified architect or engineer as to the present condition of all structural components and major utility installations in the condominium. The statement shall include:
      (i) The approximate dates of construction, installation, and major repairs of structural components and major utility installations and a general description of each installed system as particularly suitable or unsuitable for use in a conversion condominium;
      (ii) An evaluation of the adequacy of each system to perform its intended function both before and after completion of the condominium conversion; and
      (iii) The estimated life of the system components, and the estimated cost (in current dollars) of replacing each component that has a rated life that is evaluated to be less than the rated life of the entire structure.
    (B) The architect’s or engineer’s report upon which the statement required by this subsection is based shall be filed with the Mayor as a part of the application for registration.
(b) In the case of a conversion condominium:
  (1) The declarant shall give each of the tenants or subtenants of the building or buildings which the declarant submits to the provisions of this chapter at least 120 days notice of the conversion before any such tenant or subtenant may be served with notice to vacate. Such notice of conversion shall be given no sooner than 10 days after the date the declarant’s application for registration of the condominium units is approved. The notice shall be in such form as the Mayor may require and shall set forth generally the rights of tenants and subtenants pursuant to this section. Such notice shall be hand-delivered or sent by United States mail, return receipt requested. Such notice shall contain a statement indicating that such notice shall not be construed as abrogating any rights any tenant may have under a valid existing written lease;
  (2) During the first 60 days of the 120-day notice period, each of the tenants who entered into an agreement with declarant or declarant’s predecessor in interest to lease the apartment unit shall have the exclusive right to contract for the purchase of such apartment unit. If the tenants do not contract for the purchase of their apartment unit, during the second 60 days of such 120-day period, each of the subtenants, if any, who occupy the apartment unit under an agreement with the tenants shall have the exclusive right to contract for the purchase of such apartment unit. The exclusive right to contract for the purchase of such apartment units shall be on terms and conditions at least as favorable to the tenants or subtenants as those being offered by declarant to the general public. The right to contract for purchase granted to the tenants and subtenants, if any, of an apartment unit shall be granted only where the tenant or subtenant has remained, and on the date of the notice is, in substantial compliance with the terms of the lease or sublease agreement, and if such apartment unit is to be retained in the conversion condominium without substantial renovation or alteration in its physical layout. If there is more than 1 tenant, then each such tenant shall be entitled to contract for the purchase of a proportionate share of the apartment unit and of a proportionate share of the share of any tenant who elects not to purchase. If the tenants do not contract for the purchase of the apartment unit and if there is more than 1 subtenant occupying the apartment unit, then each such subtenant shall be entitled to contract for the purchase of a proportionate share of the apartment unit occupied, and of a proportionate share of the share of any subtenant who elects not to purchase. In no case shall this subsection be deemed to authorize the purchase of less than the entire interest in the apartment unit to be conveyed;
  (3) If the notice of conversion specifies a date by which the apartment unit shall be vacated, then such notice shall constitute and be the equivalent of a valid statutory notice to vacate. Otherwise, the declarant shall give the tenant or subtenant occupying the apartment unit to be vacated the statutory notice to vacate where required by law in compliance with the requirements applicable thereto.
(c) Each declarant of a conversion condominium shall assure that the budget established for the unit owners’ association and upon which common expense assessments are made shall include an adequate provision for reasonable reserves to cover future maintenance, repair, or replacement costs associated with the common elements.
D.C. Code § 42-1902.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1902.05
§ 42-1902.05. Recordation of condominium instruments; amendment and certification thereof.
Status: in_force

All amendments and certifications of the condominium instruments shall set forth the instrument number and date of recordation of the declaration and, when necessary, shall set forth the condominium book and page number where the plats and plans are recorded. All condominium instruments and all amendments and certifications thereof shall set forth the name and address of the condominium and shall be so recorded. The Recorder of Deeds shall accept for recordation any executed and acknowledged condominium instrument or any executed and acknowledged amendment and certification without further review of a condominium instrument or the imposition of any additional requirement.
D.C. Code § 42-842.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-842.03
§ 42-842.03. Claims by subordinate interest holders.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3925 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 39 / § 42-3925
§ 42-3925. Judicial review of Board action.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3531.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35A / § 42-3531.01
§ 42-3531.01. Short title.
Status: in_force

This chapter may be cited as the “Office of the Chief Tenant Advocate Establishment Act”.
D.C. Code § 42-602 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 6 / § 42-602
§ 42-602. Deeds of corporations; formal requisites; acknowledgment.
Status: in_force

The deed of a corporation shall be executed and acknowledged either (1) by an attorney-in-fact appointed for that purpose or (2) without appointment, by its president or a vice-president if also attested by the secretary or assistant secretary of the corporation.
D.C. Code § 42-1902.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1902.06
§ 42-1902.06. Construction of terms in instruments; designation of unit boundaries; division of property within and without unit boundary; common element serving single unit.
Status: in_force

Except to the extent otherwise provided by the condominium instruments:
(1) The terms defined in § 42-1901.02 shall be deemed to have the meanings therein specified wherever they appear in the condominium instruments unless the context otherwise requires;
(2) To the extent that walls, floors, or ceilings are designated as the boundaries of the units or of any specified units, all doors and windows therein, and all lath, wallboard, plastering, and any other materials constituting any part of the finished surfaces thereof, shall be deemed a part of such units, while all other portions of such walls, floors, or ceilings shall be deemed a part of the common elements;
(3) If any chutes, flues, ducts, conduits, wires, bearing walls, bearing columns, or any other apparatus lies partially within and partially outside of the designated boundaries of a unit, any portions thereof serving only that unit shall be deemed a part of that unit, while any portions thereof serving more than 1 unit or any portion of the common elements shall be deemed a part of the common elements;
(4) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this section, all space, interior partitions, and other fixtures and improvements within the boundaries of a unit shall be deemed a part of that unit; and
(5) Any shutters, awnings, window boxes, doorsteps, porches, balconies, patios, and any other apparatus designed to serve a single unit, but located outside the boundaries thereof, shall be deemed a limited common element appertaining to that unit exclusively.
D.C. Code § 42-835.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-835.05
§ 42-835.05. Noteowner’s remedies on the note and the lien instrument; credit on note or other obligation for foreclosed real property; limitation on time to seek deficiency judgment.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3404.07 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3404.07
§ 42-3404.07. Waiver of rights.
Status: in_force

An owner shall not request, and a tenant may not grant, a waiver of the right to receive an offer of sale under this subchapter. An owner shall not require waiver of any other right under this subchapter except in exchange for consideration which the tenant, in the tenant’s sole discretion, finds acceptable.
D.C. Code § 42-2402 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 24 / § 42-2402
§ 42-2402. Applicability.
Status: in_force

This chapter applies only to transactions involving purchase money loans made by lenders that are secured by first or second deeds of trust or mortgages, excluding second deeds of trust or mortgages for refinancing purposes only, on real estate containing not more than 4 residential dwelling units.
D.C. Code § 42-3402.08 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3402.08
§ 42-3402.08. Tenancy of elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities.
Status: in_force

(a) Eviction limited. — (1) For the purposes of this subsection, the term “qualifying income” means a total annual household income, as determined by the Mayor, no greater than 95% of the area median income, as defined in § 42-2801(1) .
  (2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, Chapter 19 of this title , or Chapter 35 of this title , an owner of a rental unit in a housing accommodation converted under the provisions of this subchapter shall not evict or send notice to vacate to an elderly tenant or tenant with a disability if the combined annual household income for his or her unit, as determined by the Mayor, does not exceed the qualifying income, unless:
    (A) The tenant violates an obligation of the tenancy and fails to correct the violation within 30 days after receiving notice of the violation from the owner;
    (B) A court of competent jurisdiction has determined that the tenant has performed an illegal act within the rental unit or housing accommodation;
    (C) The tenant fails to pay rent; or
    (D) (i) For the purposes of a single, scheduled tenant election under § 42-3402.03 , the tenant waives, in writing, his or her right to remain a tenant.
      (ii) The waiver shall state that it was made voluntarily, without coercion as set forth in § 42-3402.03(h) , and with full knowledge of the ramifications of a waiver of the right to remain a tenant.
      (iii) The waiver under sub-subparagraph (i) of this subparagraph shall apply only to the single, scheduled tenant election for which it was given.
(b) Rent level. — Any owner of a converted unit shall not charge an elderly tenant or tenant with a disability rent in excess of the lawful rent at the time of request for a tenant election for purposes of conversion plus annual increases on that basis authorized under the Rental Housing Act.
(c) Qualification. – (1) A tenant shall qualify under this subchapter if, on the day a tenant election is held for the purposes of conversion, the tenant:
    (A) Is entitled to the possession, occupancy, or the benefits of the tenant's rental unit; and
    (B) Is an elderly tenant or a tenant with a disability.
  (2) In making a determination that a tenant qualifies as a tenant with a disability under this subchapter , the Mayor:
    (A) Shall limit the inquiry to the minimum information and documentation necessary to establish that the tenant meets the definition of a tenant with a disability and shall not inquire further into the nature or severity of the disability;
    (B) Shall not require the tenant to provide a description of the disability when making an eligibility determination; provided, that the Mayor may require that a physician or other licensed healthcare professional verify that a tenant meets the definition of a tenant with a disability; and
    (C) Shall not require the tenant to provide eligibility documentation in fewer than 30 days.
  (3) The Mayor shall maintain records of the information compiled under this subsection and shall not disclose information about the disability of a tenant unless the disclosure is required by law.
  (4) In requesting information under this subsection, the Mayor:
    (A) Shall not include a qualified voter's name on any publicly available list of eligible voters;
    (B) Shall inform tenants that their names will be absent from publicly available lists of eligible voters; and
    (C) Shall not disclose information provided about a tenant's disability unless the disclosure is required by law.
  (5) The Mayor may provide a list of eligible voters upon request and may make a list of eligible voters available at the site of the tenant election.
  (6) The Mayor shall develop all forms and procedures as may be necessary to verify eligibility under this subsection.
D.C. Code § 42-3403.07 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3403.07
§ 42-3403.07. Housing Assistance Fund.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-701 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 7 / § 42-701
§ 42-701. Words of inheritance unnecessary.
Status: in_force

No words of inheritance shall be necessary in a deed or will to create a fee simple estate; but every conveyance or devise of real estate shall be construed and held to pass a fee simple estate or other entire estate of the grantor or testator, unless a contrary intention shall appear by express terms or be necessarily implied therein.
D.C. Code § 42-1663 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 16B / § 42-1663
§ 42-1663. Receivership in another state; ancillary proceeding.
Status: in_force

(a) The Superior Court may appoint a receiver appointed in another state, or that person's nominee, as an ancillary receiver with respect to property located in the District or subject to the jurisdiction of the Superior Court for which a receiver could be appointed under this act , if:
  (1) The person or nominee would be eligible to serve as receiver under § 42-1646 ; and
  (2) The appointment furthers the person's possession, custody, control, or disposition of property subject to the receivership in the other state.
(b) The Superior Court may issue an order that gives effect to an order entered in another state appointing or directing a receiver.
(c) Unless the Superior Court orders otherwise, an ancillary receiver appointed under subsection (a) of this section has the rights, powers, and duties of a receiver appointed under this act .
D.C. Code § 42-1903.14 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1903.14
§ 42-1903.14. Books, minutes, and records; inspection.
Status: in_force

(a) The unit owners’ association, or the declarant, the managing agent, or other person specified in the bylaws acting on behalf of the unit owners’ association, shall keep detailed records of the receipts and expenditures affecting the operation and administration of the condominium and specifying the association’s expenses related to the common elements and any other expenses incurred by or on behalf of the association.
(b) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, books and records kept by or on behalf of the unit owners’ association, including the unit owners’ association membership list, mailing addresses of unit owners, and financial records, including aggregate salary information of the unit owners’ association employees, shall be available in the District of Columbia and within 50 miles of the District of Columbia, for examination and copying by a unit owner in good standing or such unit owner’s authorized agent so long as the request is for a proper purpose related to the unit owner’s membership in the unit owners’ association, and not for pecuniary gain, commercial solicitation, or other purpose unrelated to the unit owner’s membership in the unit owners’ association. This right of examination may be exercised only during reasonable hours on business days. The books shall be subject to an independent audit upon the request of owners of units to which 33 1/3% of the votes in the unit owners’ association pertain or a lower percentage as may be specified.
(c) (1) Books and records kept by or on behalf of a unit owners’ association may be withheld from examination or copying by unit owners and their agents to the extent that they are drafts not yet incorporated into the unit owners’ association’s books and records or if the books and records concern:
    (A) Personnel matters relating to specific, identified persons who work for the unit owners’ association, including a person’s medical records;
    (B) Contracts, leases, and other commercial transactions to purchase or provide goods or services, currently in or under negotiation;
    (C) Pending or anticipated litigation;
    (D) Matters involving state or local administrative or other formal proceedings before a government tribunal for enforcement of the condominium instruments or rules and regulations promulgated by the executive board;
    (E) Communications with legal counsel;
    (F) Disclosure of information in violation of law;
    (G) Minutes or other records of an executive session of the executive board;
    (H) Documentation, correspondence, management, or reports compiled for or on behalf of the unit owners’ association or the executive board by its agents or committees for consideration by the executive board in executive session; or
    (I) Individual unit owner or member files, other than those of the requesting unit owner, including any individual unit owner’s files kept by or on behalf of the unit owners’ association.
  (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(C) of this subsection, the term “anticipated litigation” means those instances where there has been a specific threat of litigation from a party or the legal counsel of a party.
(d) Before providing copies of any books or records, the unit owners’ association may impose and collect a fee reflecting the actual costs of materials and labor for providing access to copies of the requests books and records.
D.C. Code § 42-832.14 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-832.14
§ 42-832.14. Deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or deed to noteowner’s designee; no effect on senior or subordinate interests.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2110 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 21 / § 42-2110
§ 42-2110. Appropriation; reports.
Status: in_force

(a) There may be appropriated out of revenues available to the District sufficient funds to administer the Program. Beginning with the budget submission for Fiscal Year 1988, the Mayor shall include in the budget submission to the Council a statement of goals and objectives regarding the number of properties contemplated for inclusion in the Program in the upcoming fiscal year and a projection of the funds that would be necessary to permit transfer and repair of the property under the Program.
(b) Thirty days after the end of the 1st full calendar quarter after August 9, 1986, and 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter thereafter, the Mayor shall submit to the Council a report on the progress in implementing the Program. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the following information:
  (1) The ward location, size, and assessed value of each property transferred under the Program;
  (2) A list of all properties remaining in the Program at the close of the quarter;
  (3) The individuals or organizations that were transferees under the Program and the sales price and other terms of transfers made under the Program during the preceding quarter; and
  (4) A description of assistance provided to transferees under the Program.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.23 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.23
§ 42-3502.23. Addition to Comprehensive Housing Strategy report.
Status: in_force

The Mayor shall include in the reports to the Council pursuant to § 6-1054 , analyses of the need, means, and methods of further assisting income qualified elderly tenants, tenants with disabilities, teachers of the District of Columbia Public Schools or a District of Columbia Public Charter School, and low-income tenants to pay their rent. The report shall consider:
(1) The income and any other criteria that shall be used to determine which tenants qualify for the program;
(2) The rent that qualified households shall pay;
(3) The number and the allocation of units to be included in any set-aside;
(4) The extent to which the program should incorporate any District affordable housing program and any federal affordable housing program available in the District;
(5) The reporting requirements which should be imposed on housing providers subject to this subchapter and on qualified tenants to ensure that the program is effective.
D.C. Code § 42-1755 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 17 / § 42-1755
§ 42-1755. Investigation of conduct; suspension or revocation of license; grounds; penalty in lieu of suspension; probationary period; reinstatement.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1102.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 11 / § 42-1102.01
§ 42-1102.01. Sales or assignments of instruments on secondary market exempt from tax.
Status: in_force

A sale or assignment of a note, mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument from one lender to another, on the secondary market, where there are no changes in the terms or conditions provided in the instrument and the borrower has taken no action to refinance, shall be exempt from the tax imposed by this chapter.
D.C. Code § 42-842.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-842.06
§ 42-842.06. Recording of auditor’s report on foreclosure sale procedures; presumption of validity of foreclosure sale and limitation of actions; use of auditor’s report on the distribution of foreclosure sale proceeds and deficiency for deficiency judgment.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-810 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8 / § 42-810
§ 42-810. Mortgagee may redeem prior mortgage; prior mortgage may not bar.
Status: in_force

If it so happen there be more than 1 mortgage at the same time made, by any person or persons to any person or persons, of the same lands and tenements, the several late or under mortgagees, his, her, or their heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, shall have power to redeem any former mortgage or mortgages, upon payment of the principal debt, interest, and costs of suit, to the prior mortgagee or mortgagees, his, her, or their heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns; anything therein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
D.C. Code § 42-1743 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 17 / § 42-1743
§ 42-1743. Qualifications for licensure.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-842.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-842.05
§ 42-842.05. Auditor’s reports on foreclosure procedures and distributions.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-832.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-832.06
§ 42-832.06. Execution, acknowledgment and recordation of a lien instrument in the same manner as a deed.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1901.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1901.03
§ 42-1901.03. Separate titles.
Status: in_force

Each condominium unit shall constitute for all purposes a separate parcel of real estate, distinct from all other condominium units. Any condominium unit may be owned by more than 1 person as joint tenants, as tenants in common, as tenants by the entirety (in the case of spouses or domestic partners), or in any other real estate tenancy relationship recognized under the laws of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 42-832.22 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-832.22
§ 42-832.22. Priority: effect of lien instrument priority on foreclosure; effect of lien instrument priority on unrecorded leases.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1902.09 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1902.09
§ 42-1902.09. Compliance with condominium chapter and instruments.
Status: in_force

(a) Any lack of compliance with this chapter or with any lawful provision of the condominium instruments shall be grounds for an action or suit to recover damages or injunctive relief, or for any other available remedy maintainable by the unit owners’ association, the unit owners’ association’s executive board, any managing agent on behalf of the unit owners’ association, an aggrieved person on his or her own behalf, or, in an otherwise proper case, as a class action.
(b) The decisions and actions of the unit owners’ association and its executive board shall be reviewable by a court using the “business judgment” standard. A unit owners’ association shall have standing to sue in its own name for a claim or action related to the common elements. Unless otherwise provided in the condominium instruments, the substantially prevailing party in an action brought by a unit owners’ association against a unit owner or by a unit owner against the unit owners’ association shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs expended in the matter.
D.C. Code § 42-3604 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36 / § 42-3604
§ 42-3604. Full hearing.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) Within 10 days of the issuance of the preliminary injunction, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, the Court shall hold a full hearing on the merits of the eviction action. If a hearing for a preliminary injunction has not been requested, the Court shall expeditiously schedule a full hearing. If it is determined by a preponderance of the evidence, after consideration of the factors set forth in § 42-3602 , that the rental unit is a drug haven, the Court shall issue a final order that mandates one or more of the following:
    (A) Eviction of the tenant or occupant within 72 hours; or
    (B) Closure of the rental unit for a period of time to be decided by the Court.
  (2) The Court may order the owner of the property to submit for court approval a plan of correction to ensure, to the extent reasonably possible, that the property will not again be used for a drug haven or nuisance.
(b) Execution of a final order shall occur within 5 days of the issuance of the final order, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays. If the United States Marshal of the District of Columbia has not executed the final order within 5 days of issuance of the final order, the final order shall continue to be executable and valid, in accordance with Rule 16(a) of the Court Rules of Civil Procedure.
(c) The Court shall not enter a final order to evict a tenant or occupant against whom the action was filed if the tenant or occupant shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the events or actions upon which the judgment may be granted:
  (1) Could not reasonably have been known to the tenant or occupant;
  (2) Were not part of a pattern and practice of the tenant or occupant of the unit; or
  (3) Were reported to the Metropolitan Police Department by the tenant or occupant.
D.C. Code § 42-2025 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20 / § 42-2025
§ 42-2025. Liens available only against individual units; consent necessary for mechanics’ or materialmen’s liens; removal of lien on unit and proportionate share of common area following judgment against other unit owners.
Status: in_force

(a) Subsequent to establishment of a horizontal property regime as provided in this subchapter, and while the property remains subject to this subchapter, no lien shall thereafter arise or be effective against the property. During such period liens or encumbrances shall arise or be created and enforced only against each unit and the percentage of undivided interest in the common areas and facilities appurtenant to such unit in the same manner and under the same conditions in every respect as liens or encumbrances may arise or be created upon or against any other separate parcel or real property subject to individual ownership; provided, that no labor performed or materials furnished with the consent or at the request of a unit owner or his agent or his contractor or subcontractor, shall be the basis for the filing of a lien pursuant to the provisions of § 40-301.01 , against the unit or any other property of any other unit owner not expressly consenting to or requesting the same, except that such express consent shall be deemed to be given by the owner of any unit in the case of emergency repairs thereto. Labor performed or materials furnished for the common areas and facilities, if duly authorized by the council of co-owners, the manager, or board of directors in accordance with this subchapter, the declaration or bylaws, shall be deemed to be performed or furnished with the express consent of each unit owner and shall be the basis for the filing of a lien pursuant to the provisions of § 40-301.01 , against each of the units and shall be subject to the provisions of subsection (b) hereunder. Notice of said lien may be served on the person designated in conformity with § 42-2014(a)(7) .
(b) In the event of filing of a lien against 2 or more units and their respective percentage interest in the common elements, the unit owners of the separate units may remove their unit and their percentage interest in the common elements appurtenant thereto from the said lien by payment, or may file a written undertaking with surety approved by the court as provided in § 40-303.16 , of the fractional or proportional amounts attributable to each of the units affected. Said individual payment, or amount of bond, shall be computed by reference to the percentage established pursuant to § 42-2006 . After such partial payment, filing of bond, partial discharge, or release, or other satisfaction, the unit and its percentage interest in the common elements shall thereafter be free and clear of such lien. Such partial payment, indemnity, satisfaction, or discharge shall not prevent the lienor from proceeding to enforce his rights against any unit and its percentage interest in the common elements not so paid, indemnified, satisfied, or discharged.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.02a — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.02a
§ 42-3502.02a. Immunity for official acts.
Status: in_force

Members and staff of the Rental Housing Commission shall not be subject to liability for their official acts. Persons assisting the Rental Housing Commission, whether paid or pro bono, shall not be subject to liability for actions taken to perform services on behalf of the Commission.
D.C. Code § 42-3924 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 39 / § 42-3924
§ 42-3924. Contingent fees.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-703 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 7 / § 42-703
§ 42-703. Remainder to heirs of life tenant; rule in Shelley’s case abolished.
Status: in_force

Where a remainder shall be limited to the heirs or heirs of the body of a person to whom a life estate in the same premises shall be given, the persons who, on the termination of the life estate, shall be the heirs or the heirs of the body of such tenant for life shall be entitled to take in fee simple as purchasers by virtue of the remainder so limited.
D.C. Code § 42-2063 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20A / § 42-2063
§ 42-2063. Membership.
Status: in_force

(a) The composition of the Task Force shall be as follows:
  (1) Three residents, each of whom is currently a board member of an LEC in the District; provided, that no 2 residents shall be from the board of the same LEC.
  (2) One representative from a community-based organization that provides training, counseling, and client advocacy services to low- to moderate-income residents.
  (3) One representative from a property management company that manages cooperatives in the District.
  (4) One representative from a development company that develops cooperatives in the District.
  (5) One representative from a financial entity that specializes in the financing of LECs.
  (6) One attorney with experience working with LECs.
  (7) One individual who has conducted significant research on LECs in the District and elsewhere in the United States.
  (8) Other representatives appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee on Housing and Neighborhood Revitalization.
  (9) One representative from the Department of Housing and Community Development.
  (10) One representative from the District of Columbia Housing Finance Agency.
(b) The Chairperson of the Council Committee on Housing and Neighborhood Revitalization shall appoint the:
  (1) Chair of the Task Force; and
  (2) Task Force representatives designated in subsection (a)(1) through (8) of this section.
(c) The members of the Task Force shall serve without compensation and shall either reside or work in the District.
(d) Meetings of the Task Force shall be open to the public.
(e) The Department of Housing and Community Development shall provide administrative support to the Task Force.
D.C. Code § 42-1007 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 10 / § 42-1007
§ 42-1007. Giving of absolute power — Where no remainder on grantee’s estate.
Status: in_force

In all cases where such power of disposition is given and no remainder is limited on the estate of the grantee of the power, such grantee shall be entitled to an absolute fee.
D.C. Code § 42-1657 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 16B / § 42-1657
§ 42-1657. Defenses and immunities of receiver.
Status: in_force

(a) A receiver is entitled to all defenses and immunities provided by law of the District other than this act for an act or omission within the scope of the receiver's appointment.
(b) A receiver may be sued personally for an act or omission in administering receivership property only with approval of the Superior Court that appointed the receiver.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.24 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.24
§ 42-3502.24. Elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities.
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding § 42-3502.08(h) , an adjustment in the amount of rent charged while a unit is occupied by an elderly tenant or tenant with a disability, without regard to income, shall not exceed the rent charged for the unit, plus the least of:
  (1) The adjustment of general applicability;
  (2) The most recent annual cost-of-living adjustment of benefits for social security recipients established pursuant to section 415(i) of the Social Security Act, approved August 28, 1950 (64 Stat. 506; 42 U.S.C. § 415(i)); or
  (3) Five percent of the rent charged.
(b) A rent surcharge allowed pursuant to §§ 42-3502.10 , 42-3502.12 , and 42-3502.14 and a rent increase allowed pursuant to § 42-3502.11 , shall not be assessed against a current or future elderly tenant or tenant with a disability with a qualifying income. For the purposes of calculating the rent charged a future qualified elderly tenant or tenant with a disability, adjustments in the rent charged pursuant to these sections effected during the tenancy of a tenant not exempt from the adjustments, shall be considered rent surcharges, and shall be subtracted from the rent charged for the unit.
(c) A tenant exempt from § 42-3502.11 and a tenant whose rent charged may not be increased under § 42-3502.15 may waive his or her rights under the respective sections. The waiver shall be in writing and shall state that it was made voluntarily, without coercion, and with full knowledge of the ramifications of a waiver of their rights.
(d) (1) A tenant may file a completed elderly or disability status and income eligibility registration form and supporting documentation by mail, fax, email, or in person at the Rental Accommodations Division of the Department of Housing and Community Development.
  (2) The Mayor shall determine the minimum documentation necessary for a tenant to establish elderly tenant or tenant with a disability status and income eligibility, which may include:
    (A) For elderly status, proof of age as documented by a passport, birth certificate, District-issued driver's license or identification card, or any other documentation as the Mayor deems sufficient; and
    (B) For disability status, an award letter for disability benefits from the U.S. Social Security Administration, a letter from a physician stating that the tenant is a tenant with a disability, or other documentation as the Mayor may deem sufficient.
  (3) In making a determination that a tenant qualifies as a tenant with a disability under this subsection, the Mayor shall limit the inquiry to the minimum information and documentation necessary to establish that the tenant meets the definition of a tenant with a disability and shall not inquire further into the nature or severity of the disability.
  (4) The Mayor shall not require a tenant to provide a description of the disability when making an eligibility determination; provided, that the Mayor shall require that a physician or other licensed healthcare professional verify that a tenant meets the definition of a tenant with a disability.
  (5) The Mayor shall not require the tenant to provide eligibility documentation in fewer than 30 days.
  (6) The Mayor shall maintain records of the information compiled under this subsection and shall not disclose information about a tenant's disability unless the disclosure is required by law.
  (7) The Mayor shall develop any forms and procedures as may be necessary to verify eligibility under this subsection.
  (8) A tenant shall provide pay stubs, benefit statements, or other documentation as the Mayor may deem sufficient as proof of income eligibility to qualify for an exemption from an adjustment in the rent charged pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.
  (9) A housing provider shall, upon the request of a tenant, provide the tenant with a current copy of the registration form issued by the Rent Administrator for purposes of establishing elderly tenant or tenant with a disability status, or qualifying income status.
(e) (1) A tenant's elderly or disability status shall be effective as of the first day of the first month following compliance with this subsection and shall remain effective unless and until any time the Rent Administrator may deny the registration.
  (2) If the effective date of the tenant's elderly or disability status occurs less than 12 months after the effective date of a rent adjustment of general applicability, the housing provider shall reduce the rent charged to the rent for a unit occupied by an elderly tenant or a tenant with a disability pursuant to subsection (a) of this section,as of the effective date of the tenant's elderly or disability status.
  (3) An elderly tenant or tenant with a disability shall not be entitled to receive a retroactive refund for an approved registration for a time period where the tenant was qualified as an elderly tenant or a tenant with a disability, but had not yet fulfilled the requirements of this section.
(f) The Rent Administrator shall issue a notice of rent adjustment that shall set forth:
  (1) The maximum standard rent increase percentage that applies to elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities, in bold 12-point lettering;
  (2) The benefits and protections that apply to elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities; and
  (3) The standards and procedures for qualifying for those benefits and protections.
(g) (1) A housing provider who provides housing to an elderly tenant or tenant with a disability, with qualifying income, and is not permitted under subsection (b) of this subsection to implement, and does not implement, an adjustment in rent charged pursuant to § 42-3502.10 , § 42-3502.11 , § 42-3502.12 , or § 42-3502.14 , shall receive a tax credit for each unit occupied by an elderly tenant or a tenant with a disability, with qualifying income, in the amount of $1 for each $1 of theapproved rent adjustment that is not implemented.
  (2) The tax credit may be taken against the next installment or installments of taxes payable to the District coming due with respect to the housing accommodation, inclusive of the land on which it is located.
  (3) (A) (i) The tax credit shall first be taken against real property taxes payable to the District.
      (ii) The Rent Administrator shall certify to the Office of Tax and Revenue the amount of credit allowable for each housing provider and parcel of real property for each real property tax year.
      (iii) The total amount of credit certified by the Rent Administrator for any tax year shall not exceed the maximum amount of credit allowable for the year under paragraph (6) of this subsection.
    (B) If the amount that would be collectible from elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities at the housing accommodation exceeds the amount of real property taxes that would be payable during the real property tax year with respect to the housing accommodation but for the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, then the housing provider may take the tax credit against income or franchise taxes payable to the District for the housing provider's tax year during which the real property tax year ends.
  (4) The tax credit shall cease:
    (A) Upon recovery by the housing provider of all costs, including interest and service charges, used as a basis for a capital improvement petition or a substantial rehabilitation petition; or
    (B) Upon any expiration of a hardship petition granted to the housing provider.
  (5) If an elderly tenant or tenant with a disability, with qualifying income, should cease to reside in a rental unit, the tax credit allowed to the housing provider for that rental unit shall cease.
  (6) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the total combined tax credits claimed by all housing providers under this section for any fiscal year shall not exceed $1.25 million.
  (7) The maximum total combined tax credits claimed by all housing providers under this section for any fiscal year shall be adjusted annually by an amount equal to the change during the previous calendar year, ending each December 31, in the Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers ("CPI-W") for all items during the preceding calendar year.
  (8) The base year for the annual adjustment specified in paragraph (7) of this subsection shall be the year 2017. The annual adjustment shall occur at least 12 months after April 7, 2017, on the following October 1. The annual adjustment shall be in accordance with the CPI-W effective as of the October 1 of each subsequent year.
  (9) Notwithstanding subsection (b) of this section, if the Chief Financial Officer finds that funds are not available for the tax credit provided by this subsection, then a housing provider may assess against an elderly tenant or tenant with a disability a rent surcharge allowed pursuant to §§ 42-3502.10 , 42-3502.12 , and 42-3502.14 , and a rent increase allowed pursuant to § 42-3502.11 .
(h) (1) A housing provider shall not increase the rent charged in an amount greater than that allowed for a unit occupied by an elderly tenant or a tenant with a disability pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, unless the Rent Administrator has issued a determination that the tenant failed to qualify for elderly or disability status, pursuant to this subsection.
  (2) If the housing provider has substantial grounds to believe that the tenant does not qualify for elderly or disability status, or that relevant documentation is fraudulent or has been falsified, and if efforts to resolve the dispute directly with the tenant are unavailing, then the housing provider may challenge the tenant's registration by:
    (A) Notifying the tenant of the basis for the challenge; and
    (B) Filing a request to deny the registration with the Rent Administrator, within 30 days of the tenant's compliance with subsection (d) of this section.
  (3) (A) If the Rent Administrator has substantial grounds to believe that the tenant does not qualify for elderly or disability status, and that relevant documentation is fraudulent or has been falsified, then within 30 days of the tenant's compliance with subsection (d) of this section, the Rent Administrator may deny the tenant's registration.
    (B) The Rent Administrator shall deny a tenant's registration only upon clear and convincing evidence of error, fraud, falsification, or misrepresentation, and only if the tenant has been given the opportunity to respond to the challenge to the registration by the housing provider or to the denial of the registration by the Rent Administrator.
    (C) If the Rent Administrator denies a tenant's registration, and determines that the tenant acted in bad faith rather than due to unintentional error, then within 21 days of the denial, the Rent Administrator may order the tenant to pay to the housing provider double the difference between the amount of rent to be charged pursuant to § 42-3502.08(h) and the amount of rent actually paid, with interest.
(i) (1) A voluntary agreement shall not increase the rent charged to a current or future elderly tenant or tenant with a disability with a qualifying income.
  (2) For the purposes of calculating the rent charged a future qualified elderly tenant or tenant with a disability, an increase in the rent charged pursuant to a voluntary agreement effected during the tenancy of a tenant not exempt from the increase, shall be considered a rent surcharge, and shall be subtracted from the rent charge of the unit during the tenancy of the qualified elderly tenant or tenant with a disability.
  (3) The voluntary agreement shall identify each rental unit that is occupied by an elderly tenant or a tenant with a disability, the name of each tenant in the unit, and the current rent charged.
(j) The Mayor may determine the term of eligibility and recertification requirements for the exemptions provided by this section.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.06
§ 42-3502.06. Rent ceilings abolished.
Status: in_force

(a) Rent ceilings are abolished, except that the housing provider may implement, in accordance with § 42-3502.08(g) , rent ceiling adjustments pursuant to petitions and voluntary agreements approved by the Rent Administrator prior to August 5, 2006. Petitions and voluntary agreements pending as of August 5, 2006, shall be decided pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter in effect prior to August 5, 2006, and may be implemented in accordance with § 42-3502.08(g) . In considering a hardship petition pursuant to § 42-3502.12 , any unimplemented rent charged increase pursuant to a petition or voluntary agreement approved by the Rent Administrator shall be included in the maximum possible rental income. Except to the extent provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, no housing provider of any rental unit subject to this chapter may charge or collect rent for the rental unit in excess of the amount computed by adding to the base rent not more than all rent increases authorized after April 30, 1985, for the rental unit by this chapter, by prior rent control laws and any administrative decision under those laws, and by a court of competent jurisdiction. No tenant may sublet a rental unit at a rent greater than that tenant pays the housing provider.
(b) On an annual basis, the Rental Housing Commission shall determine an adjustment of general applicability in the rent charged established by subsection (a) of this section. This adjustment of general applicability shall be equal to the change during the previous calendar year, ending each December 31, in the Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) for all items during the preceding calendar year. No adjustment of general applicability shall exceed 10%. A housing provider may not implement an adjustment of general applicability, or an adjustment permitted by subsection (c) of this section for a rental unit within 12 months of the effective date of the previous adjustment of general applicability, or instead, an adjustment permitted by subsection (c) of this section in the rent charged for that unit.
(c) At the housing provider's election, instead of any adjustment authorized by subsection (b) of this section, the rent charged for an accommodation may be adjusted through a hardship petition under § 42-3502.12 .
(d) If on July 17, 1985 the rent being charged exceeds the allowable rent ceiling, that rent shall be reduced to the allowable rent ceiling effective the next date that the rent is due. This subsection shall not apply to any rent administratively approved under the Rental Accommodations Act of 1975, the Rental Housing Act of 1977, or the Rental Housing Act of 1980, or any rent increase authorized by a court of competent jurisdiction. The housing provider shall notify the tenant in writing of any decrease required under this chapter before the effective date of the decrease.
(e) A tenant may challenge a rent adjustment implemented under any section of this chapter by filing a petition with the Rent Administrator under § 42-3502.16 . No petition may be filed with respect to any rent adjustment, under any section of this chapter, more than 3 years after the effective date of the adjustment, except that a tenant must challenge the new base rent as provided in § 42-3501.03(4) within 6 months from the date the housing provider files his base rent as required by this chapter.
(f) Repealed.
(g) Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-514 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 5 / § 42-514
§ 42-514. Expectant estates — No defeat or bar unless provided for at creation.
Status: in_force

No expectant estate can be defeated or barred by any alienation or other act of the owner of the intermediate or precedent estate, nor by any destruction of such precedent estate, by disseizin, forfeiture, surrender, merger, or otherwise, except when such destruction is expressly provided for or authorized in the creation of such expectant estate; nor shall an expectant estate thus liable to be defeated be on that ground adjudged void in its creation.
D.C. Code § 42-2703.08 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2703.08
§ 42-2703.08. Exemption from rent control.
Status: in_force

(a) Housing projects assisted by the Agency or through the auspices of the Agency under the provisions of this chapter shall be exempt from the provisions of Chapter 35 of this title .
(b) The Agency shall establish, by rulemaking, procedures for evictions and protections from retaliatory action for tenants of housing projects exempted from Chapter 35 of this title under subsection (a) of this section. Such procedures and protections shall be in accordance with subchapter V of Chapter 35 of this title .
(c) The Agency shall establish, by rulemaking, conditions and procedures for relocation assistance to tenants displaced from housing projects which are exempted from Chapter 35 of this title under subsection (a) of this section. Such conditions and procedures shall be in accordance with subchapter VII of Chapter 35 of this title .
(d) Each owner of a rental accommodation subject to the provisions of this chapter shall file simultaneously with the Agency and with the Rental Housing Commission an exemption statement which shall contain the following information:
  (1) The actual rent for each rental unit in the accommodation, the services included, and the facilities and charges therefor;
  (2) The number of bedrooms in the rental accommodation; and
  (3) A list of any outstanding violations of the Housing Regulations of the District of Columbia, issued August 11, 1955 (C.O. 55-1503), applicable to such accommodation.
(e) Tenants of housing projects exempted by this chapter from Chapter 35 of this title , who, except for such exemption, would be eligible for rent supplements under subchapter III of Chapter 35 of this title , shall have the same rights to such supplements as tenants residing in a project subject to Chapter 35 of this title .
(f) Prior to the execution of a lease or other rental agreement, a prospective tenant of any unit shall receive notice in writing advising him or her that rent increases for the accommodation are not regulated by Chapter 35 of this title .
(g) At the time a prospective tenant of any unit receives notice pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, a prospective tenant shall also receive the voter registration packet developed by the District of Columbia Board of Elections pursuant to § 1-1001.05(a)(20) .
D.C. Code § 42-2136 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 21A / § 42-2136
§ 42-2136. List of affordable housing developments.
Status: in_force

(a) The Affordable Housing Locator shall include the following information about any affordable housing development located in the District:
  (1) Name of the affordable housing development, where applicable;
  (2) Address of the affordable housing development/unit, unless the owner or manager of the development requests that the address not be published to protect the confidentiality of the residents, and provides reasonable grounds for the request, such as the residents are participants in an ex-offender, substance abuse, victims of abuse, or mental disability program;
  (3) Population served by affordable housing development/unit, where specificity is appropriate, such as elderly, persons with disabilities, or family, unless the owner or manager of the development requests that the address not be published to protect the confidentiality of the residents, and provides reasonable grounds for the request, such as the residents are participants in an ex-offender, substance abuse, victims of abuse, or mental disability program;
  (4) Any population specifically served by the affordable housing development, such as elderly persons, persons with disabilities, and low-income individuals or families;
  (5) Type of affordable housing development/unit (i.e., single-family, multifamily, townhouse, rental, ownership, condominium, homeowner association, cooperative, limited equity cooperative);
  (6) Name and contact information for the agent selling or renting the property;
  (7) Rent charge or sale price, utilities paid by the tenant or owner, and underlying mortgage, condominium and cooperative fees, and other carrying charges, per affordable housing unit;
  (8) Maximum percentage of AMI and income for which units would be affordable;
  (9) Other subsidy or financial assistance program requirements for the affordable housing development, if any;
  (10) Number of bedrooms in the affordable housing unit; and
  (11) Whether there are affordable housing units in the development that are accessible for persons with disabilities.
(b) The Affordable Housing Locator shall display the information required by this subchapter in various formats to allow the public the maximum flexibility in sorting through the information. The Affordable Housing Locator that is made available to the public by way of the internet shall be searchable and sortable by ward, target population, income limitation, affordable housing unit size, and rent or sales price.
D.C. Code § 42-3905 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 39 / § 42-3905
§ 42-3905. Powers and duties of the Mayor.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3916 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 39 / § 42-3916
§ 42-3916. Basis for denial or revocation of license and certificate.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2804 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 28 / § 42-2804
§ 42-2804. Rules.
Status: in_force

Rules to implement this chapter shall be promulgated by the Mayor pursuant to subchapter I of Chapter 5 of Title 2 , and submitted to the Council within 90 days after March 16, 1989 for a 45-day review period, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays, and days of Council recess. If the Council does not approve or disapprove the proposed rules, in whole or in part, within this 45-day review period, the proposed rules shall be deemed approved.
D.C. Code § 42-112 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 1 / § 42-112
§ 42-112. Acknowledgments in Philippine Islands and Puerto Rico.
Status: in_force

Deeds and other instruments affecting land situate in the District of Columbia may be acknowledged in the Philippine Islands and Puerto Rico before any notary public appointed therein by proper authority, or any officer therein who has ex officio the powers of a notary public; provided, that the certificate by such notary in the Philippine Islands or in Puerto Rico, as the case may be, shall be accompanied by the certificate of the Executive Secretary of Puerto Rico, or the Governor or Attorney General of the Philippine Islands to the effect that the notary taking said acknowledgment was in fact the officer he purported to be.
D.C. Code § 42-835.12 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-835.12
§ 42-835.12. Acquisition of foreclosure title by the owner or other subordinate interest holder.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1726 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 17 / § 42-1726
§ 42-1726. Procedure when license refused.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2404 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 24 / § 42-2404
§ 42-2404. Duties of owners and brokers.
Status: in_force

The owner and real estate broker shall have in place, at or before settlement, all documents, deeds, titles, recordation tax returns, certified checks, and any other monies needed for settlement so that disbursements can be made in a timely manner.
D.C. Code § 42-2701.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2701.01
§ 42-2701.01. Declaration of policy.
Status: in_force

(a) The Council of the District of Columbia hereby finds: that a decline in the number of housing units in the District of Columbia, together with the existing number of substandard dwellings, has produced a critical shortage of adequate housing for low and moderate income families; that this shortage of affordable housing and the inability of residents to obtain appropriate financing compels a substantial number of District residents to live in unsanitary, overcrowded and unsafe conditions and to expend a disproportionate portion of their incomes on housing; that these conditions are detrimental to the health and welfare of District residents and adversely affect the economy of the District; that a major cause of this housing crisis is the cost of funds made available by mortgage lenders in the District to finance housing for low and moderate income families; and further that this situation has frustrated the construction, lease, sale and purchase of housing units for low and moderate income families.
(b) The Council determines that a corporate instrumentality of the District shall be created and given authority to generate funds from private and public sources to increase the supply and lower the cost of funds available for residential mortgages and construction loans and thereby help alleviate the shortage of adequate housing. The Council further determines that this purpose can be accomplished through programs whereby mortgage lenders and/or the Agency make mortgage, construction and rehabilitation loans for single and multifamily rental and home ownership units on terms designed to expand available housing opportunities. The Council further determines that this purpose can also be accomplished through a program whereby the Agency issues bonds and lends the proceeds thereof to Eligible State and Local Government Units to enhance the Agency’s ability to generate revenues to fulfill its duties under this chapter. The Council further determines that the goals of neighborhood and fiscal stability can be achieved through a policy of residential economic diversity.
(c) The Council hereby declares that the enactment of this chapter is in the public interest and for the public benefit, and that the authority and powers conferred by this chapter and the expenditure of monies pursuant to this chapter are to serve valid public purposes.
D.C. Code § 42-1903.08 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1903.08
§ 42-1903.08. Unit owners’ associations; powers and rights; deemed attorney-in-fact to grant and accept beneficial easements.
Status: in_force

(a) Except to the extent expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, and subject to any restrictions and limitations specified herein, the unit owners’ association shall have the:
  (1) Power to adopt and amend bylaws or rules and regulations;
  (2) Power to adopt and amend a budget for revenues, expenditures, and reserves, and collect assessments for common expenses from unit owners;
  (3) Power to hire or discharge a managing agent or other employees, agents, or independent contractors;
  (4) Power to institute, defend, or intervene in litigation or administrative proceedings in the name of the unit owners’ association on behalf of the unit owners’ association or 2 or more unit owners on any matter that affects the condominium;
  (5) Power to make a contract or incur liability;
  (6) Power to regulate the use, maintenance, repair, replacement, or modification of common elements;
  (7) Power to cause an additional improvement to be made as a part of the common elements;
  (8) Power to acquire, hold, encumber, or convey in the name of the unit owners’ association any right, title, or interest to real or personal property;
  (9) Power to grant an easement, lease, license, or concession through or over the common elements;
  (10) Power to impose on and receive from individual unit owners any payment, fee, or charge for the use, rental, or operation of the common elements or for any service provided to unit owners;
  (11) Power to impose a charge for late payment of an assessment and, after notice and an opportunity to be heard, levy a reasonable fine for violation of the condominium instruments or rules and regulations of the unit owners’ association;
  (12) Power to impose a reasonable charge for the preparation and recordation of an amendment to the condominium instruments, a statement concerning the resale of units required by § 42-1904.11 , or a statement of an unpaid assessment;
  (13) Power to provide for the indemnification of officers or the executive board of the unit owners’ association and maintain liability insurance for directors or officers;
  (14) Power to assign the unit owners’ association’s right to further income, including the right to future income or the right to receive common expense assessments to the extent necessary for the reasonable performance of the unit owners’ associations’ duties and responsibilities, unless expressly prohibited in the condominium instruments;
  (14A) Power to reasonably restrict the leasing of residential units; provided, that any restriction described under this paragraph shall not apply to a unit that is leased at the time of any action taken to restrict the leasing of residential units until the unit is subsequently occupied by the owner or ownership transfers;
  (15) Power to exercise any other power conferred by the condominium instruments;
  (16) Power to exercise any other power that may be exercised in the District of Columbia by a legal entity of the same type as the unit owners’ association; and
  (17) Power to exercise any other power necessary and proper for the governance or operation of the unit owners’ association.
(b) Except to the extent prohibited by the condominium instruments, and subject to any restrictions and limitations specified therein, the executive board of the unit owners’ association, if any, and if not, then the unit owners’ association itself, shall have the irrevocable power as attorney-in-fact on behalf of all the unit owners and their successors in title to grant easements through the common elements and accept easements benefiting the condominium or any part thereof.
(c) The condominium instruments may not impose any limitation on the power of the unit owners’ association to deal with the declarant that is more restrictive than the limitation imposed on the power of the unit owners’ association to deal with any other person.
(d) In the performance of duties, an officer or member of the executive board shall exercise the care required of a fiduciary of the unit owners.
D.C. Code § 42-3403.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3403.01
§ 42-3403.01. Short title.
Status: in_force

This subchapter may be cited as the ‘Relocation and Housing Assistance Act of 1980”.
D.C. Code § 42-3232 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 32 / § 42-3232
§ 42-3232. Fraudulent attornment void; possession not changed by such attornment; limitation on scope of provisions.
Status: in_force

All and every fraudulent attornment and attornments of any tenant or tenants of any messuages, lands, tenements, or hereditaments, shall be absolutely null and void to all intents and purposes whatsoever; and the possession of their respective landlord or landlords, lessor or lessors, shall not be deemed or construed to be anywise changed, altered, or affected by any such attornment or attornments; provided always, that nothing herein contained shall extend to vacate or affect any attornment made pursuant to and in consequence of some judgment at law, or decree or order of a court of equity, or made with the privity and consent of the landlord or landlords, lessor or lessors, or to any mortgagee after the mortgage is become forfeited.
D.C. Code § 42-3508.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3508.01
§ 42-3508.01. Declaration of policy.
Status: in_force

In order to assist in stimulating the expansion of the supply of decent, safe, and affordable rental housing for low- to moderate-income persons in the District, the Council declares as its policy that the Mayor and the Council shall:
(1) Use the District’s bonding authority to provide low-interest financing for the construction of new rental units and the rehabilitation of vacant rental units; and
(2) Provide tax abatements and other incentives for the construction of new rental units and the rehabilitation of vacant rental units.
D.C. Code § 42-1665 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 16B / § 42-1665
§ 42-1665. Uniformity of application and construction.
Status: in_force

In applying and construing this act , consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
D.C. Code § 42-4093 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 40 / § 42-4093
§ 42-4093. Severability.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-844.07 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-844.07
§ 42-844.07. FTE authority to implement this chapter.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2704.01a — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2704.01a
§ 42-2704.01a. Repayment of funds.
Status: in_force

The Agency shall not be required to repay moneys advanced by the District government (including accrued interest thereon) pursuant to Congressional appropriations for fiscal years 1980 through 1992, and any obligation to repay these moneys shall be forgiven.
D.C. Code § 42-305 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 3 / § 42-305
§ 42-305. Title conveyable by anyone claiming such.
Status: in_force

Any person claiming title to land may convey his interest in the same, notwithstanding there may be an adverse possession thereof.
D.C. Code § 42-3501.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3501.01
§ 42-3501.01. Findings.
Status: in_force

The Council of the District of Columbia finds that:
(1) There is a severe shortage of rental housing available to citizens of the District of Columbia (“District”).
(2) The shortage of housing is growing due to the withdrawal of housing units from the housing market, deterioration of existing housing units, and the lack of development of new or rehabilitation of vacant housing units.
(3) The shortage of housing is felt most acutely among low- and moderate-income renters, who are finding a shrinking pool of available dwellings.
(4) The cost of basic accommodation is so high as to cause undue hardship for many citizens of the District of Columbia.
(5) Many low- and moderate-income tenants need assistance to cover basic shelter costs, but the assistance should maximize individual choice.
(6) The Rent Stabilization Program (“Program”) has a more substantial impact upon small housing providers than on large housing providers, and small housing providers find it more difficult to use the administrative machinery of the Program.
(7) Many small housing providers are experiencing financial difficulties and are in need of some special mechanisms to assist them and their tenants.
(8) The present Rent Stabilization Program should not be continued indefinitely and new approaches must be investigated to prevent the withdrawal of rental housing units from the market and the deterioration of existing rental housing units, and to increase the rental housing supply.
(9) The housing crisis in the District has not substantially improved since the passage of the Rental Housing Act of 1980.
(10) The Rent Stabilization Program should be extended for 6 years.
(11) This extension of the Rent Stabilization Program is required to preserve the public peace, health, safety, and general welfare.
D.C. Code § 42-3228 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 32 / § 42-3228
§ 42-3228. Lease held by an infant or person with a mental disability — Renewed lease valid.
Status: in_force

Every such surrender, and such lease or leases granted thereupon, shall be, and be deemed as valid and legal, to all intents and purposes, as if such surrender had been made by and on the behalf of a person of full age, or sane mind.
D.C. Code § 42-3141.09 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31A-i / § 42-3141.09
§ 42-3141.09. Collection against an owner.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) The amount to be paid under a notice of violation and any other charges, expenses, costs, including abatement costs, penalties, and interest shall be a continuing and perpetual lien in favor of the District upon all real and personal property belonging to a person named in the notice and shall have the same force and effect as a lien created by judgment. Interest shall accrue on the amount due at the rate of 1 1/2 % a month.
  (2) The lien shall attach to all property belonging to the named person at any time during the period of the lien, including any property acquired by the named person after the lien arises.
  (3) The lien shall have priority over all other liens, except for District taxes and District water charges; provided, that the lien shall not be valid as against any bona fide purchaser, or holder of a security interest, mechanic’s lien, or other such creditor interest in the property, until notice of the lien is filed with the Recorder of Deeds. The lien shall be satisfied by payment of the amount of the lien to the District Treasurer.
  (4) For reasonable cause shown, the Mayor may reduce the amount of the bill or lien.
  (5) The Mayor may contract with any person to collect the amount of the lien and remunerate the person, subject to available appropriations, by fee, by a percentage of the amount collected, or both.
(b) As additional means for collection, the Mayor may enforce payment of the fines, penalties, costs, and interest imposed under this section against the real property of the owner as follows:
  (1) The Mayor shall record a real property tax lien, captioned “Notice of Converted Real Property Tax Lien”, with the Recorder of Deeds and in accordance with § 47-1340 . The real property tax lien shall be deemed a delinquent real property tax from the date of the conversion, shall accrue interest at the rate of interest charged for delinquent real property tax, and shall be perpetual. Payment thereof shall be credited to the General Fund of the District of Columbia. The real property may be sold at tax sale, regardless of the date of the conversion, in the same manner, under the same conditions, and subject to the same impositions of interest, costs, expenses, fees, and other charges, as real property sold for delinquent real property tax.
  (2) The aggregate amount of the costs, expenses, penalties, and interest secured by the lien imposed under subsection (a) of this section may appear on a real property tax bill, and the aggregate amount shall:
    (A) Be deemed an additional real property tax to be collected in the same manner and under the same conditions as real property tax is collected, including the sale of the real property for delinquent tax; and
    (B) Be subject to the same penalty and interest provisions as delinquent real property tax is subject as of the date of such real property tax bill.
(c) The lien under subsection (a) of this section, with penalty and interest as provided under this section, shall be converted to real property tax as of the due date for payment of the real property tax bill if payment is not made.
(d) If the lien has been converted to a real property tax lien under § 47-1340 or if the accrued amount of the lien appears on the real property tax bill, the real property tax lien shall be enforced under Chapter 13A of Title 47 [ § 47-1330 et seq.].
D.C. Code § 42-608 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 6 / § 42-608
§ 42-608. Covenant for further assurances; contracts to contain soil characteristics information.
Status: in_force

(a) A covenant by a grantor, in a deed of land, “that he will execute such further assurances of said land as may be requisite,” shall have the same effect as if he had covenanted that he, his heirs or devisees, will, at any time, upon any reasonable request, at the charge of the grantee, his heirs or assigns, do, execute, or cause to be done and executed, all such further acts, deeds, and things, for the better, more perfectly and absolutely conveying and assuring the lands and premises conveyed unto the grantee, his heirs and assigns, as intended to be conveyed, as by the grantee, his heirs or assigns, or his or their counsel learned in the law, shall be reasonably devised, advised, or required.
(b) All contracts drawn for the purpose of conveying real property in the District of Columbia shall contain the following information:
  (1) Repealed.
  (2) A notation that for further information the buyer can contact a soil testing laboratory, the District of Columbia Department of Environmental Services or the Soil Conservation Service of the Department of Agriculture; and
  (3) If there is a Heritage Tree, as that term is defined in § 8-651.02(3A) , on the property, a notation that the Heritage Tree is located on the property and that there are restrictions on the ability of property owners to remove Heritage Trees.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.19 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.19
§ 42-3502.19. Judicial review.
Status: in_force

Any person or class of persons aggrieved by a decision of the Rental Housing Commission, or by any failure on the part of the Rental Housing Commission or Rent Administrator to act within any time certain mandated by this chapter, may seek judicial review of the decision or an order compelling the decision by filing a petition for review in the District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
D.C. Code § 42-3671.02 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36B / § 42-3671.02
§ 42-3671.02. Consumer rights.
Status: in_force

(a) At consummation, the consumer shall have the right to choose, if the property is lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed, whether to be responsible for either a stipulated valuation agreed to at the time the contract is entered into or the fair market value of the property if, and as of the time, it is lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed.
(b) At consummation, the consumer shall be provided an option to purchase the property in accordance with the disclosure required under § 42-3671.04 . The option shall include the consumer’s right to exercise an early purchase option and the price, formula, or method for determining the price at which the property may be so purchased.
(c) At consummation, the consumer shall be provided a statement that the lessor is responsible for maintaining or servicing the property while it is being leased, together with a description of that responsibility, and a statement that if any part of a manufacturer’s express warranty covers the leased property at the time the consumer acquires ownership of the property, it shall be transferred to the consumer, if allowed by the terms of the warranty.
(d) At consummation, the consumer shall be provided a statement that the consumer may terminate the agreement without penalty by voluntarily surrendering or returning the property in good repair upon expiration of any lease term.
D.C. Code § 42-3173.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31C / § 42-3173.01
§ 42-3173.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term:
(1) “Department” means the Department of Housing and Community Development.
(2) “Deteriorated structure” means a structure that:
  (A) Is unoccupied;
  (B) The Mayor has determined:
    (i) Constitutes a threat to the public health, safety, or welfare; or
    (ii) Contributes to the deterioration or dilapidation of the community in which the structure is located; and
  (C) Violates one or more provisions of the District of Columbia Construction Codes, as defined in subsection 101.2 of Title 12A of the District of Columbia Municipal Regulations (12A DCMR § 101.2), or the District of Columbia Housing Code, set forth in Title 14 of the District of Columbia Municipal Regulations (14 DCMR § 100 et seq.).
(3) “Enclose” means to use barricades, boards, fences, or other means to preclude access, including access by environmental elements, to a structure or site.
(4) “Interested party” means, with respect to a deteriorated structure:
  (A) An owner, as recorded in the real estate tax assessment records of the District of Columbia;
  (B) A titleholder, as reflected in the records of the Recorder of Deeds; or
  (C) A lienholder, as reflected in the records of the Recorder of Deeds.
(5) “Site” means the deteriorated structure and the lot or lots on which the structure is located.
(6) “Sufficient action” means the action specified by the Mayor pursuant to § 42-3173.05(a)(8) .
(7) “Unoccupied” means not occupied by an owner or a tenant, as defined in § 42-3501.03(36) .
D.C. Code § 42-3404.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3404.06
§ 42-3404.06. Exercise or assignment of rights; secondary assignment.
Status: in_force

(a) The tenant may exercise rights under this subchapter in conjunction with a third party or by assigning or selling those rights to any party, whether private or governmental. The exercise, assignment, or sale of tenant rights may be for any consideration which the tenant, in the tenant's sole discretion, finds acceptable. Such an exercise, assignment, or sale may occur at any time in the process set forth in this subchapter ; provided, that the cooling-off period in § 42-3404.03b has elapsed, and may be structured in any way the tenant, in the tenant's sole discretion, finds acceptable.
(b) (A) If a tenant assigns or sells the tenant's rights under this subchapter , the recipient may only further reassign the rights to a private or nonprofit corporation or a partnership of which the assignee or buyer is an owner, managing member, or officer who can legally bind the entity.
  (B) No consideration shall be allowed in exchange for a secondary assignment.
  (C) A tenant who has assigned or sold rights under this subchapter for consideration is entitled to said consideration regardless of whether the tenant has vacated the housing accommodation prior to receipt.
D.C. Code § 42-304 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 3 / § 42-304
§ 42-304. Perpetuities—Effect upon estates created by deed or will.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1763 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 17 / § 42-1763
§ 42-1763. Criminal penalties; prosecutions.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3705 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 37 / § 42-3705
§ 42-3705. Repayment; loan recorded as lien.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-832.26 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-832.26
§ 42-832.26. Priority: lien on after-acquired real property.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3405.10 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3405.10
§ 42-3405.10. Penalties.
Status: in_force

Any person who wilfully violates any provision of this chapter or any rule adopted under or order issued pursuant to this chapter or any person who wilfully in an application makes any false statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact shall be fined not less than $1,000 or double the amount of gain from the transaction, whichever is larger, but not more than $50,000; or such person may be imprisoned for no more than 6 months; or both, for each offense. Prosecution for violations of this chapter shall be brought in the name of the District of Columbia by the Office of the Corporation Counsel.
D.C. Code § 42-4046 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 40 / § 42-4046
§ 42-4046. Continued eligibility.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-606 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 6 / § 42-606
§ 42-606. Covenant of quiet enjoyment.
Status: in_force

A covenant by the grantor in a deed of land, “that the said grantee shall quietly enjoy said land,” shall have the same effect as if he had covenanted that the said grantee, his heirs, and assigns, shall, at any and all times after March 3, 1901, peaceably and quietly enter upon, have, hold, and enjoy the land conveyed by the deed or intended to be so conveyed, with all the rights, privileges, and appurtenances thereunto belonging, and to receive the rents and profits thereof, to and for his and their use and benefit, without any eviction, interruption, suit, claim, or demand whatsoever by the said grantor, his heirs or assigns, or any other person or persons whatever.
D.C. Code § 42-2501 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 25 / § 42-2501
§ 42-2501. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter, the term:
(1) “Agency” means the District of Columbia Housing Finance Agency.
(2) “Agreement” means the housing allowance agreement required, pursuant to § 42-2504 , to be entered into between a Participant and the District of Columbia government.
(3) “Deferred payment loan” means funds made available to Participants in the Program by the District to assist with the purchase of housing units and for which payment of the principal is deferred until the property is sold, transferred, or otherwise ceases to be the principal residence of the Participant.
(4) “Department” means the District of Columbia Department of Housing and Community Development.
(4A) "Educator" means:
  (A) A principal, assistant principal, school teacher or instructor, assistant teacher, or a paraprofessional who is employed by or has accepted an offer of employment with the District of Columbia Public Schools or a District of Columbia public charter school; or
  (B) An employee working as a full-time professor or instructor at the University of the District of Columbia;
(4B) "First-responder" means a District of Columbia police officer, correctional officer, firefighter, paramedic, emergency medical technician, or 911 or 311 call-taker or dispatcher, or an individual who has accepted an offer of employment as a District of Columbia police officer, correctional officer, firefighter, paramedic, emergency medical technician, or 911 or 311 call-taker or dispatcher.
(5) “First-time homebuyer” means a purchaser who has no ownership interest in a principal residence at any time during the 3-year period ending on the date of the application for assistance, but includes an applicant who has divorced or separated during the 3-year period where a formal settlement did not convey an ownership interest in a principal residence which had been jointly owned.
(6) “Household” means all of the persons living in a housing unit.
(7) “Housing unit” means any room or group of rooms forming a single-family residential unit, including a semi-detached condominium, cooperative, or semi-detached or detached home that is used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, and the preparation and eating of meals by human occupants.
(8) “Matching contribution” means those funds made available to Participants in the Program by the District to assist the Participants in saving toward a down payment.
(9) “Participant” means a person who has applied to the Program and who has met the eligibility requirements set forth in § 42-2503 .
(10) “Program” means the District of Columbia Government Employer-Assisted Housing Program established pursuant to § 42-2502 .
(11) "Public transit employee" means a person employed by a publicly-owned mass transit system that is either owned or subsidized by the District.
D.C. Code § 42-2701.02 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2701.02
§ 42-2701.02. Definitions.
Status: in_force

The following terms as used in this chapter shall have the following meanings unless a different meaning clearly appears from the context:
(1) “Chapter” means this Housing Finance Agency Act.
(2) “Agency” means the District of Columbia Housing Finance Agency.
(3) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the District of Columbia Housing Finance Agency.
(4) “Bonds,” “notes” and “other obligations” refer to any bonds, notes, debentures, interim certificates or other evidences of financial indebtedness of the Agency authorized to be issued under the provisions of this chapter.
(5) “Council” means the Council of the District of Columbia.
(6) “Construction loan” means a short term advance of monies for the purpose of constructing or rehabilitating housing projects.
(7) “District” means the District of Columbia.
(8) “Eligible persons” means individuals and families who qualify for housing under a given program according to the requirements of the program as established by the Agency.
(8A) “Eligible State or Local Government Unit” means any state or political subdivision thereof within the meaning of § 103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (or successor provisions), including any agency, authority, body, commission or entity that acts on behalf of any such state or political subdivision, which is authorized under applicable law to issue bonds or enter into other obligations for the purpose of providing low and moderate income housing.
(8B) “State or Local Government Loan” means a loan or other advance of monies by the Agency to an Eligible State or Local Government Unit to be used as permitted by refunding agreements between the Eligible State or Local Government Unit and the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
(9) “Forward Commitment Mortgage Purchase Program” means a program pursuant to which the Agency commits to purchase from or originate through mortgage lenders mortgage loans committed to and originated by the mortgage lender or the Agency after the date of the Agency’s commitment where the loans are to low or moderate income persons for financing housing units to be owner-occupied or are loans which meet the requirements of subsection (b) or (c) of § 42-2703.02 .
(10) “Homeownership program” means any type of program through which a person can achieve an ownership position in a residential unit including, but not limited to, cooperatives and condominiums.
(11) “Housing project or project” means any undertaking to plan, develop, construct or rehabilitate one or more dwelling units located in the District of Columbia which meets the requirements of this chapter. Such undertaking may include, but is not limited to any building, land, equipment, facilities or other real or personal property which are necessary, convenient or desirable appurtenances, streets, sewers, utilities, parks, site preparation or landscaping; and other non-housing facilities, such as offices, stores, commercial facilities, community, medical, educational, social, health, recreational, and welfare facilities, which are reasonably related to and subordinate to the housing project, consistent with the applicable Internal Revenue Code provisions, as amended, and the regulations thereunder, as determined to be necessary, convenient or desirable by the Agency. Any facility which incorporates the residence and care of persons with special needs, including but not limited to the aged, youth, students, homeless, persons with disabilities, persons requiring health and medical care, shall be deemed an undertaking for purposes of this chapter.
(11A) “Loan” means a secured or unsecured obligation issued for the purposes of financing a housing project or homeownership program.
(12) “Low income persons” means those persons and families whose annual income as determined by the Agency does not exceed the income requirements for low income persons as established by the Internal Revenue Service or the Department of Housing and Urban Development from time to time as applicable to the particular housing project or homeownership program under the Agency’s plan of financing.
(13) “Moderate income persons” means those persons and families whose annual income as determined by the Agency does not exceed the income requirements for moderate income persons established by the Internal Revenue Service or the Department of Housing and Urban Development from time to time as applicable to the particular housing project or homeownership program under the Agency’s plan of financing.
(14) “Mortgage” means a mortgage deed, deed of trust, or other security instrument which shall constitute a lien in the District on improvements and real property in fee simple, on a lease having a remaining term, which at the time such mortgage is acquired does not expire for at least that number of years beyond the maturity date of the obligation secured by such mortgage.
(15) “Mortgage lender” means an entity as defined in § 26-1101(11) , that is deemed eligible by the Agency to participate in any of its programs.
(16) “Mortgage loan” means an obligation secured by a mortgage financing a housing project.
(17) “Sponsor” means a sole proprietor, joint venture, partnership, limited partnership, trust, corporation, cooperative, or condominium, whether nonprofit or organized for profit, which owns or sponsors a housing project pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.
(18) “Subsidy” means any resources generated through appropriation by the federal or District government, or donated by a public or private source; the resources must be designated for meeting housing expense and may be payments to the occupant of a housing unit as reimbursement for monies expended, payment made for supplementing housing or rent payments made by an occupant, or payments made to effect a reduction in mortgage interest rates paid by the mortgagor of a housing unit.
(19) “Cooperative” means a rental housing unit or project, unless the Agency determines by resolution that a given unit or units in a given project shall be deemed to be a homeownership housing unit or project.
(20) “Very-Low Income” means those persons and families whose annual income as determined by the Agency does not exceed the income requirements for very-low income persons as established by the Internal Revenue Service or the Department of Housing and Urban Development from time to time as applicable to the particular housing project or homeownership program under the agency’s plan of financing.
D.C. Code § 42-522 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 5 / § 42-522
§ 42-522. Estates at will; termination; creation.
Status: in_force

An estate at will is one held by the joint will of lessor and lessee, and which may be terminated at any time, as herein elsewhere provided, by either party; and such estate shall not exist or be created except by express contract; provided, however, that in case of a sale of real estate under mortgage or deed of trust or execution, and a conveyance thereof to the purchaser, the grantor in such mortgage or deed of trust, execution defendant, or those in possession claiming under him, shall be held and construed to be tenants at will, except in the case of a tenant holding under an unexpired lease for years, in writing, antedating the mortgage or deed of trust.
D.C. Code § 42-1601 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 16 / § 42-1601
§ 42-1601. Writ of waste; lease forfeited for waste and lessee to pay treble damages.
Status: in_force

A man from henceforth shall have a writ of waste in the chancery against him that holdeth by law, or otherwise for term of life, or for term of years; and he which shall be attainted of waste, shall lease the thing that he hath wasted, and moreover shall recompense thrice so much as the waste shall be taxed at.
D.C. Code § 42-3141.08 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31A-i / § 42-3141.08
§ 42-3141.08. Graffiti Abatement Fund.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) There is established as a nonlapsing fund the Graffiti Abatement Fund (“Fund”), into which shall be deposited:
    (A) All fines, penalties, interest, charges and costs, including abatement costs, assessed and collected pursuant to this chapter;
    (B) Any funds in the Graffiti Trust Fund, established by § 22-3312.03a(g) , [repealed] on the day before September 18, 2010; and
    (C) Any civil fines collected as penalties under § 22-3312.04 .
  (2) The deposit of these monies shall be subject to the requirements of § 42-3141.09(b) .
(b) All funds deposited into the Fund, and any interest earned on those funds, shall not revert to the unrestricted fund balance of the General Fund of the District of Columbia at the end of a fiscal year, or at any other time, but shall be continually available for the uses and purposes set forth in subsection (c) of this section without regard to fiscal year limitation, subject to authorization by Congress.
(c) The Fund shall be used to offset the costs of implementing this chapter, the costs of graffiti abatement and prevention, and the costs of the Office of Administrative Hearings under this chapter.
(d) The Mayor shall submit to the Council an annual statement of the Fund’s receipts and disbursements for the preceding year.
D.C. Code § 42-2706.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2706.01
§ 42-2706.01. Liberal construction of chapter.
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter are to be liberally construed so as to effectuate those powers which are specifically enumerated.
D.C. Code § 42-832.13 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-832.13
§ 42-832.13. Right to determine reasonable foreclosure sale terms and conditions if deed of trust or mortgage does not state them.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2812.04 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 28 / § 42-2812.04
§ 42-2812.04. Bond details.
Status: in_force

(a) The Mayor is authorized to take any action reasonably necessary or appropriate in accordance with this subchapter in connection with the preparation, execution, issuance, sale, delivery, security for, and payment of the bonds of each series, including, but not limited to, determinations of:
  (1) The final form, content, designation, and terms of the bonds, including a determination that the bonds may be issued in certificated or book-entry form;
  (2) The principal amount of the bonds to be issued and denominations of the bonds;
  (3) The rate or rates of interest or the method for determining the rate or rates of interest on the bonds;
  (4) The date or dates of issuance, sale, and delivery of, and the payment of interest on the bonds, and the maturity date or dates of the bonds;
  (5) The terms under which the bonds may be paid, optionally or mandatorily redeemed, accelerated, tendered, called, or put for redemption, repurchase, or remarketing before their respective stated maturities;
  (6) Provisions for the registration, transfer, and exchange of the bonds and the replacement of mutilated, lost, stolen, or destroyed bonds;
  (7) The creation of any reserve fund, sinking fund, or other fund with respect to the bonds;
  (8) The time and place of payment of the bonds;
  (9) Procedures for monitoring the use of the proceeds received from the sale of the bonds to ensure that the proceeds are properly applied and used to accomplish the purposes of Chapter 2 of Title 1 and this chapter;
  (10) Actions necessary to qualify the bonds under blue sky laws of any jurisdiction where the bonds are marketed; and
  (11) The terms and types of credit enhancement under which the bonds may be secured.
(b) The bonds shall contain a legend, which shall provide that the bonds are special obligations of the District, are without recourse to the District, are not a pledge of, and do not involve the faith and credit or the taxing power of the District (other than real property transfer taxes and deed recordation taxes allocated to the Allocated Fund), do not constitute a debt of the District, and do not constitute lending of the public credit for private undertakings as prohibited in § 1-206.02(a)(2) .
(c) The bonds shall be executed in the name of the District and on its behalf by the manual or facsimile signature of the Mayor, and attested by the Secretary of the District of Columbia by the Secretary’s manual or facsimile signature. The Mayor’s execution and delivery of the bonds shall constitute conclusive evidence of the Mayor’s approval, on behalf of the District, of the final form and content of the bonds.
(d) The official seal of the District, or a facsimile of it, shall be impressed, printed, or otherwise reproduced on the bonds.
(e) The bonds of any series may be issued in accordance with the terms of a trust instrument to be entered into by the District and a trustee to be selected by the Mayor, and may be subject to the terms of one or more agreements entered into by the Mayor pursuant to § 1-204.90(a)(4) .
(f) The bonds may be issued at any time or from time to time in one or more issues and in one or more series.
D.C. Code § 42-2704.07 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2704.07
§ 42-2704.07. No limitation, alteration, or impairment of rights and remedies of bondholders and noteholders.
Status: in_force

The District pledges to the holders of any bonds or notes issued under this chapter that the District will not limit or alter rights vested in the Agency to fulfill agreements made with the holders thereof, or in any way impair the rights and remedies of such holders until the bonds and notes, together with the interest thereon, with interest on any unpaid installments of interest, and all costs and expenses in connection with any action or proceedings by or on behalf of such holders are fully met and discharged. The Agency is authorized to include this pledge of the District in any agreement with the holders of bonds or notes.
D.C. Code § 42-2703.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 27 / § 42-2703.05
§ 42-2703.05. Supportive programs.
Status: in_force

(a) The Agency may establish, administer or contract for the administration of any program which assists sponsors or eligible persons, “or Eligible State or Local Government Units”, as determined by the Agency consistent with the declarations of policy under § 42-2701.01 and the delegation of authority under § 42-2702.06 .
(b) The Agency may establish, administer, or contract for the administration of any program that involves providing loans or other financial assistance directly by the Agency or by an entity established by the Agency under this chapter or indirectly through an Agency-approved financial institution, to persons residing within any state or political subdivision thereof within the meaning of section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, approved August 16, 1954 (68A Stat. 29; 26 U.S.C. § 103) (or successor provisions), which loan or other financial assistance is eligible for, or made in conjunction with the provision of, mortgage insurance under any program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development or meets the guidelines established by Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the Rural Development Agency, and which loan or other financial assistance will result in the generation of revenues that will benefit programs authorized under this chapter.
D.C. Code § 42-3602 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36 / § 42-3602
§ 42-3602. Action for possession of rental unit used as a drug haven.
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any provision of § 16-1501 , or § 42-3505.01 , a housing provider may commence an action in the Court to recover possession of a rental unit or the Mayor may commence an action in the Court to evict a tenant or occupant in a rental unit. The following persons may commence an action to abate a nuisance in the Court: the Mayor, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, the civic association within whose boundaries the nuisance is located, or the community association within whose boundaries the nuisance is located. The recovery or eviction shall be ordered if the Court has determined, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the rental unit is a drug haven or that a nuisance exists. In making the determination that the rental unit is a drug haven or that a nuisance exists, the Court shall consider:
  (1) Whether a tenant or occupant of the rental unit has been charged with a violation of the Uniform Controlled Substances Act or the Controlled Substances Act due to activities that occurred within the housing accommodation that contains the rental unit, or has violated a term of parole or probation for a previous conviction under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act or the Controlled Substances Act;
  (2) Whether the rental unit has been the subject of more than one drug-related search or seizure that has resulted in the arrest of a tenant or occupant;
  (3) Whether a firearm has been discharged within the rental unit;
  (4) The testimony of a witness concerning the possession, manufacture, storage, distribution, use, or the attempted possession, manufacture, storage, distribution, or use of an illegal drug by a tenant or occupant in the housing accommodation that contains the rental unit;
  (5) The general reputation of the property to corroborate testimony based on personal knowledge or observation, or evidence seized during the execution of a search and seizure warrant; provided, that this shall not, in and of itself, be sufficient to establish the existence of a drug haven or nuisance;
  (6) Evidence that the drug haven or nuisance had been discontinued at the time of the filing of the complaint or at the time of the hearing, which evidence will not bar the granting of appropriate relief by the Court; or
  (7) Any other relevant and admissible evidence that demonstrates that the rental unit is or is not a drug haven or nuisance.
(b) A notice of the action shall be served upon the tenant or occupant and housing provider at least 5 days prior to a hearing.
D.C. Code § 42-2074 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20B / § 42-2074
§ 42-2074. Rules.
Status: in_force

The Mayor, pursuant to subchapter I of Chapter 5 of Title 2 , shall issue rules to implement the provisions of this chapter within 180 days after October 30, 2018.
D.C. Code § 42-805 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8 / § 42-805
§ 42-805. While action pending, money due payable to mortgagee or court; effect thereof.
Status: in_force

Where any action shall be brought on any bond for payment of the money secured by mortgage, or performance of the covenants therein contained, or where any action of ejectment shall be brought in any court of record by any mortgagee or mortgagees, his, her, or their heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, for the recovery of the possession of any mortgaged lands, tenements, or hereditaments, and no suit shall be then depending in any court of equity, for or touching the foreclosure or redeeming of such mortgaged lands, tenements, or hereditaments; if the person or persons having right to redeem such mortgaged lands, tenements, or hereditaments, and who shall appear and become defendant or defendants in such action, shall at any time, pending such action, pay unto such mortgagee or mortgagees, or, in case of his, her, or their refusal, shall bring into court where such action shall be depending, all the principal monies and interest due on such mortgage, and also all such costs as have been expended in any suit or suits at law or in equity upon such mortgage (such money for principal, interest, and costs to be ascertained and computed by the court where such action is or shall be depending, or by the proper officer by such court to be appointed for that purpose) the monies so paid to such mortgagee or mortgagees, or brought into such court, shall be deemed and taken to be in full satisfaction and discharge of such mortgage, and the court shall and may discharge every such mortgagor, or defendant, of and from the same accordingly; and shall and may, by rule or rules of the same court, compel such mortgagee or mortgagees, at the costs and charges of such mortgagor or mortgagors, to assign, surrender, or reconvey such mortgaged lands, tenements, and hereditaments, and such estate and interest, as such mortgagee or mortgagees have or hath therein, and deliver up all deeds, evidences, and writings, in his, her, or their custody, relating to the title of such mortgaged lands, tenements, and hereditaments, unto such mortgagor or mortgagors, who shall have paid or brought such monies into the court, his, her, or their heirs, executors, or administrators, or to such other person or persons, as he, she, or they, shall for that purpose nominate or appoint.
D.C. Code § 42-1902.15 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1902.15
§ 42-1902.15. Preliminary recordation of plans.
Status: in_force

Plans previously recorded pursuant to the provisos set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of § 42-1902.10 may be used in lieu of new plans to satisfy in whole or in part the requirements of §§ 42-1902.12(b) , 42-1902.17(b) and 42-1902.19 if certifications thereof are recorded by the declarant in accordance with § 42-1902.14(b) ; and if such certifications are so recorded, the plans which they certify shall be deemed recorded pursuant to § 42-1902.14(c) within the meaning of the 3 sections aforesaid.
D.C. Code § 42-2106 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 21 / § 42-2106
§ 42-2106. Program guidelines.
Status: in_force

(a) Proposals for large multi-family dwellings shall be considered only in accordance with the following rules of priority:
  (1) A proposal from a qualified tenant association shall be considered first.
  (2) If there is no proposal from a qualified tenant association or if the proposal does not meet criteria set forth in the RFP and rules promulgated pursuant to this chapter, proposals from condominium and cooperative housing associations shall be considered next.
  (3) If there are no proposals from condominium and cooperative housing associations or if the proposals do not meet criteria set forth in the RFP and rules promulgated pursuant to this chapter, proposals from nonprofit developers, and for-profit developers who agree to make 100% of the units affordable to low- and moderate-income persons with no less than 50% of the units affordable to low-income persons, for the development of condominium and cooperative housing opportunities shall be considered next.
  (4) If there are no proposals for the development of condominium or cooperative housing, proposals for the development of rental housing for low-income persons shall be considered next.
(b) Except in the case of rental buildings, the proprietary interests in properties sold through the Program shall be allocated as follows:
  (1) No less than 25% of the proprietary interests in large multi-family dwellings shall be transferred to low- or moderate-income households.
  (2) No less than 15% of the proprietary interests in large multi-family dwellings shall be transferred to low-income households.
  (3) No less than 50% of the dwelling units and proprietary interests in large multi-family, small multi-family, and single-family properties each year shall be transferred to low- or moderate-income families.
(c) Proposals for single-family and small multi-family dwellings may be considered in accordance with standards developed by the Mayor and approved by the Council pursuant to § 42-2104 . To the extent financially feasible, priority shall be given to purchasers who are low- or moderate-income persons.
(d) Proposals for commercial property shall be considered on a competitive basis in accordance with the following rules of priority:
  (1) A proposal from a tenant or tenant association which demonstrates the ability to obtain financing shall be considered first.
  (2) If there is no proposal from a qualified tenant or tenant association, or if the proposal does not meet criteria set forth in the RFP and rules promulgated pursuant to this chapter, proposals from condominium or cooperative associations and nonprofit developers which demonstrate the ability to obtain financing shall be considered next.
  (3) If there is no proposal from a condominium or cooperative association or nonprofit developer, or if the proposal does not meet criteria set forth in the RFP and rules promulgated pursuant to this chapter, proposals from proprietary developers shall be considered next.
D.C. Code § 42-813 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8 / § 42-813
§ 42-813. Replacement of deceased, appointed trustee.
Status: in_force

In case of the death of any trustee appointed as aforesaid without having executed the trusts of the mortgage or deed of trust, a like proceeding to that provided for in § 42-811 may be had to appoint a successor to him in the said trusts.
D.C. Code § 42-3113 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31 / § 42-3113
§ 42-3113. Interpretation.
Status: in_force

This chapter shall be construed liberally in accordance with its remedial purposes. The definition of a drug-, firearm-, or prostitution-related nuisance shall not be subject to any restrictions or limitations upon public or private nuisance actions at common law. This action is civil in nature and none of its provisions should be interpreted as punishment.
D.C. Code § 42-1016 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 10 / § 42-1016
§ 42-1016. Execution of trust powers for benefit of creditors and assignees.
Status: in_force

The execution in whole or in part of any trust power may be decreed in equity for the benefit of the creditors or assignees of any person entitled to compel its execution when the interest of the objects of such trust is assignable.
D.C. Code § 42-3804 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 38 / § 42-3804
§ 42-3804. Employee savings; District government contribution.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-832.27 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-832.27
§ 42-832.27. Priority: subrogation.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3131.05b — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31A / § 42-3131.05b
§ 42-3131.05b. Determination of vacancy and blight.
Status: in_force

(a) When making a determination that a building is vacant, the Mayor shall consider the following:
  (1) Neighbor complaints;
  (2) Advisory Neighborhood Commission certification;
  (3) Accumulated mail, fliers, or newspapers;
  (4) Past due utility notices, disconnected utilities, or low utility usage inconsistent with regular and habitual occupancy;
  (5) Presence of overgrown vegetation, dead or diseased trees, or noxious weeds;
  (6) Absence of furnishings or personal items consistent with habitation;
  (7) Building is open to casual entry or trespass; and
  (8) Any other criteria the Mayor deems relevant.
(b) When making a determination that a vacant building is a blighted vacant building, the Mayor shall consider the following:
  (1) Incidence of illegal activity, as documented by police reports;
  (2) Whether the vacant building is the subject of a condemnation proceeding before the Board for the Condemnation of Insanitary Buildings;
  (3) Referrals to the Department of Buildings from other District agencies;
  (4) One or more windows, doors, or other means of entry are missing or boarded up;
  (5) Collapsing, missing, or deteriorating walls, roof, stairs, porches, balconies, chimneys, and other building elements;
  (6) Siding or exterior walls that are seriously damaged, missing, or deteriorating;
  (7) Trash and debris are improperly stored or accumulated on the premises;
  (8) Building shows visible signs of vandalism, such as graffiti;
  (9) Presence of mold, algae, abandoned or wild animals, or insect or pest infestation; and
  (10) Any other criteria the Mayor deems relevant.
D.C. Code § 42-3541.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35B / § 42-3541.05
§ 42-3541.05. Penalties.
Status: in_force

(a) If the Office of Human Rights determines that there is probable cause to believe that a violation of this chapter has occurred, the Office of Human Rights shall certify the complaint to the Commission on Human Rights, who may impose the following penalties, of which half shall be awarded to the complainant and half shall be awarded to the District of Columbia and deposited into the General Fund of the District of Columbia:
  (1) For a housing provider that supplies one to 10 rental units in the District of Columbia, a fine of up to $1,000;
  (2) For a housing provider that supplies 11 to 20 rental units in the District of Columbia, a fine of up to $2,500; or
  (3) For a housing provider that supplies 21 or more rental units in the District of Columbia, a fine of up to $5,000.
(b) The fines set forth in subsection (a) of this section may be doubled for any housing provider that:
  (1) Violates this chapter more than twice within a calendar year; or
  (2) Fails to implement a corrective action ordered by the Commission on Human Rights within 90 days after the corrective action is ordered.
(c) For any violation that occurs within 6 months after the date this act applies [July 20, 2017], the Commission on Human Rights shall issue warnings and orders to correct.
D.C. Code § 42-1902.29 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1902.29
§ 42-1902.29. Condominium lease; recordation; terms; leasehold payments; increases; sale or assignation; offer to unit owners’ association; renewal.
Status: in_force

(a) The declarant of a leasehold condominium shall record with the condominium instruments any lease pursuant to which the condominium is a leasehold condominium (“condominium lease”); provided, however, it shall be sufficient for the declarant to record a statement of the book, page and date of recordation of such lease if such lease has previously been recorded among the land records of the District of Columbia. Condominium instruments establishing a leasehold condominium containing more than 3 residential units shall not be effective unless the condominium lease(s) comply with the requirements of subsections (b), (c) and (d) of this section.
(b) (1) If a condominium is a leasehold condominium subject to the provisions of this section, any condominium lease shall be for a term of not less than 99 years with a right of renewal for consecutive additional terms of not less than 99 years. The lease shall provide for level, periodic payments which may not be increased during the first 10 years of the leasehold term. If provided in the lease, the lessor may petition the Mayor for an increase in leasehold payments to be effective beginning with the 11th year of the leasehold term, and the Mayor shall approve such increase if he finds that:
    (A) Costs borne by the lessor in connection with the lease have increased; or
    (B) Costs of living, as measured by a standard statistical index computed and published by the United States government and available for the period of the leasehold term, have increased; and
    (C) The increase in the lease payments is in reasonable proportion to such increased costs.
  (2) An increase in lease payments shall be effective for a minimum period of 10 years, after which the lessor may again petition for an increase subject to the provisions of this subsection. The lessor shall not require or accept lease payments which do not meet the requirements of this subsection.
(c) A lessor of a condominium lease may sell or assign the lease only after offering the unit owners’ association of the condominium the right to purchase the leasehold estate at a price and on terms offered to any other prospective purchaser. The lessor shall give the unit owners’ association a period of at least 60 days within which to accept or reject the offer.
(d) The lessor of a condominium lease shall give the lessee of such lease a statement not less than 5 years prior to the expiration of such lease of whether the lease is to be renewed and on what terms the lease is to be renewed. If the lessor offers to renew the lease, the lessor shall give the lessee a period of at least 180 days within which to accept or reject the offer.
D.C. Code § 42-815.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8 / § 42-815.03
§ 42-815.03. Establishment of Foreclosure Mediation Fund.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) There is established as a nonlapsing special fund, the Foreclosure Mediation Fund (“Fund”), into which shall be deposited the fees and penalties generated by the foreclosure mediation program, the District’s share of proceeds from the February 2012 consent judgments between the federal government and participating states; and any future designated settlements or funds.
  (2) The Fund shall be used for one or more of the following purposes:
    (A) Payment of mortgage-related or foreclosure-related counseling;
    (B) Mortgage-related or foreclosure-related legal assistance or advocacy;
    (C) Mortgage-related or foreclosure-related mediation;
    (D) Outreach or assistance to help current and former homeowners secure the benefits for which they are eligible under mortgage-related or foreclosure-related settlements or judgments; and
    (E) Enforcement work in the area of financial fraud or consumer protection.
(b) All funds deposited into the Fund, and any interest earned on those funds, shall not revert to the unrestricted fund balance of the General [Fund] of the District of Columbia at the end of a fiscal year, or at any other time, but shall be continually available for the uses and purposes set forth in subsection (a) of this section, subject to authorization by Congress.
D.C. Code § 42-405 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 4 / § 42-405
§ 42-405. Notice of address and name change.
Status: in_force

(a) Any owner, as defined under § 47-802(5) , of real property entitled to receive notices under Chapter 8 of Title 47 shall notify the Office of Tax and Revenue of a name change or address change within 30 days.
(b) Any name change shall be evidenced by the recording of a confirmatory deed with the Recorder of Deeds and submission of supporting documents with and as required by the Recorder of Deeds relating to the applicable property.
(c) Any address change shall be filed with the Office of Tax and Revenue on the form and in the manner as may be prescribed.
(d) The Chief Financial Officer may issue rules to implement the provisions of this section.
D.C. Code § 42-842.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-842.01
§ 42-842.01. Required deliveries to auditor.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3401.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3401.01
§ 42-3401.01. Findings.
Status: in_force

(a) The Council of the District of Columbia finds that:
  (1) There is a continuing housing crisis in the District of Columbia.
  (2) There is a severe shortage of rental housing available to the citizens of the District of Columbia. The percentage of all rental housing units within the District of Columbia which are vacant, habitable, and available for occupancy is less than 5%  which is generally considered an indication of a serious shortage of rental housing units. The vacancy rate is substantially lower among units which can be afforded by lower income tenants as evidenced by serious overcrowding in private units and waiting lists for public housing in excess of 5,000 households.
  (3) Conversion of rental units to condominiums or cooperatives depletes the rental housing stock. Since 1977, more than 8,000 rental units in the District of Columbia have been converted to condominiums or cooperatives, more than 9,000 additional units have not yet been converted but have been declared eligible to do so and applications for 6,000 more units are pending. The 8,000 units which have been converted represent 4.5% of the District of Columbia’s 1977 rental stock, and the 15,000 units subject to conversion represent an additional 8.3%. These trends have been thoroughly investigated and documented by two legislative study commissions: The D.C. Legislative Commission on Housing and the Emergency Commission on Condominium and Cooperative Conversion. The latter Commission reported policy proposals, many of which are contained in this chapter.
  (4) Lower income tenants, particularly elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities, are the most adversely affected by conversions since the after conversion costs are usually beyond their ability to pay, which results in forced displacement, serious overcrowding, disproportionately high housing costs, and the loss of additional affordable rental housing stock. The threat of conversion has caused widespread fear and uncertainty among many tenants, particularly lower income tenants, elderly tenants and tenants with disabilities.
  (5) The District of Columbia housing assistance plan shows that 43,521 renter households and 14,215 homeowner households are in need of housing assistance in the District.
  (6) Very few rental units are being constructed or vacant units being made available for rental occupancy. More units are being converted to other uses or demolished than are being made available for rent.
  (7) Experience with conversions since passage of the Condominium Act of 1976 and the Condominium and Cooperative Stabilization Act of 1979 ( D.C. Law 3-53 ) has demonstrated that the previous conversion controls have not been sufficiently effective in preserving rental housing, particularly for those who cannot afford homeownership. Based on that experience and the conclusions of the legislative study commissions, tenants who are most directly affected by the conversion should be provided with sufficient accurate information about the relative advantages and disadvantages to conversion of rental housing and should have a voice in the decision whether or not their rental housing should be converted. These controls are necessary to more effectively assure that housing will be preserved at a cost which can be afforded by current tenants who would otherwise be involuntarily displaced and forced into overcrowded or otherwise substandard housing conditions.
  (8) These additional conversion controls are required to preserve the public peace, health, safety, and general welfare.
(b) In enacting the Rental Housing Conversion and Sale Act of 1980 Amendments and Extension Act of 1983, the Council of the District of Columbia finds that:
  (1) A housing crisis continues in the District of Columbia that has not substantially improved since the passage of this chapter.
  (2) The chapter, as amended by the Rental Conversion and Sale Act of 1980 Amendment Act of 1982 ( D.C. Law 4-196 ), the Rental Housing Conversion and Sale Act Amendment Act of 1981 ( D.C. Law 4-27 ), the Rental Housing Act of 1980 ( D.C. Law 3-131 ), and the Rental Housing Act of 1977 Extension Act of 1980 ( D.C. Law 3-106 ), has generally been successful in meeting its stated purposes.
  (3) The chapter, with additional amendments to address minor problems which have been identified since its passage, should be extended for 5 more years.
  (4) This extension is required to preserve the public peace, health, safety, and general welfare.
(c) In enacting the Rental Housing Conversion and Sale Act of 1980 Extension Amendment Act of 1988, the Council of the District of Columbia finds that:
  (1) A housing crisis continues in the District of Columbia that has not substantially improved since passage of this chapter.
  (2) The chapter, as amended by the Rental Housing Act of 1985 ( D.C. Law 6-10 ), the Rental Housing Conversion and Sale Act of 1980 Amendments and Extension Act of 1983 ( D.C. Law 5-38 ), the Rental Conversion and Sale Act Amendment Act of 1982 ( D.C. Law 4-196 ), the Rental Housing Act of 1980 ( D.C. Law 3-131 ), and the Rental Housing Act of 1977 Extension Act of 1980 ( D.C. Law 3-106 ), has generally been successful in meeting its stated purposes.
  (3) The chapter should be extended until September 6, 1995, and thereafter by subsection (d)(4) of this section.
  (4) This extension is required to preserve the public peace, health, safety, and general welfare.
(d) In enacting the Rental Housing Conversion and Sale Act of 1980 Reenactment and Amendment Act of 1995, the Council of the District of Columbia finds that:
  (1) The District of Columbia continues to face an ongoing housing crisis and will continue to face such a crisis for the foreseeable future. The well publicized and well documented District budget crisis has meant that the limited ability of the District government to meaningfully address the housing crisis has been further eroded.
  (2) The Rental Housing Conversion and Sale Act of 1980, as amended (“this chapter”), has generally been successful in meeting its stated purposes and needs to be continued in effect in light of the ongoing housing and budget crises.
  (3) A number of assumptions upon which this chapter was based have changed in light of the almost 15 years of experience since this chapter first went into effect. In continuing this chapter, the Council intends the amendments reflected in this extension to address these changes.
  (4) This chapter should be continued into the future so long as the underlying housing crisis continues as declared annually by the Mayor pursuant to § 42-3405.12 .
  (5) This extension is required to preserve the public peace, health, safety, and general welfare.
D.C. Code § 42-2405 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 24 / § 42-2405
§ 42-2405. Duties of settlement agent.
Status: in_force

A settlement agent shall cause recordation of the deed, the deed of trust or mortgage, or other documents required to be recorded, and shall cause disbursement of settlement proceeds within 1 business day of settlement. At least 5 days prior to settlement, the settlement agent shall inform the seller of the terms of this chapter. If settlement is delayed, the settlement agent shall notify, in writing, all of the settlement parties explaining the reasons for the delay. If any of the reasons listed are the fault of a settlement agent or of the lender, the settlement agent or the lender at fault shall be subject to the provisions of § 42-2407 .
D.C. Code § 42-1764 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 17 / § 42-1764
§ 42-1764. Duties of Corporation Counsel.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3209 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 32 / § 42-3209
§ 42-3209. Recovery of real and personal property leased together.
Status: in_force

Whenever real and personal property are leased together, as, for example, a house with furniture contained therein, the landlord, either in an action of ejectment or in the summary proceeding for possession, in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, may have a judgment for recovery of the personalty as well as the realty.
D.C. Code § 42-836.04 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-836.04
§ 42-836.04. Other prohibitions and remedies.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3636 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36 / § 42-3636
§ 42-3636. Complaint by affected tenant or resident association.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-837.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-837.05
§ 42-837.05. Noteowner’s, beneficiary’s, mortgagee’s, and secured party’s options in response to request for judicial foreclosure.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-817 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8 / § 42-817
§ 42-817. Sale of property — Amount creditor to pay if purchaser.
Status: in_force

If a creditor, for the payment of whose debt property shall be sold under a deed of trust, shall become the purchaser at such sale, he shall be entitled to credit the amount of the purchase money against the debt, and shall be only required to pay to the trustee the excess of the purchase money over his debt, together with such additional amount as may be necessary to defray the expenses of the sale.
D.C. Code § 42-3405.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3405.06
§ 42-3405.06. Enforcement.
Status: in_force

(a) The Mayor shall have the power to enforce this chapter and rules and regulations made hereunder. If the Mayor determines after notice and hearing that a person has: (1) violated any provision of this chapter; (2) violated any condition imposed in writing in connection with the granting of any application or other request under this chapter; or (3) violated any lawful order or rule of the agency; the Mayor may issue an order requiring the person to cease and desist from the unlawful practice and to take such affirmative action as in his or her judgment will carry out the purposes of this chapter.
(b) If the Mayor makes a finding of fact in writing that the public interest will be irreparably harmed by delay in issuing an order, the Mayor may issue a temporary cease and desist order. Prior to issuing the temporary cease and desist order, the Mayor shall give notice of the proposal to issue a temporary cease and desist order which shall include in its terms a provision that upon request a hearing will be held promptly to determine whether or not such order becomes permanent.
(c) If it appears that a person has engaged or is about to engage in an act or practice constituting a violation of a provision of this chapter, or a rule, regulation, or order hereunder, the Mayor with or without prior administrative proceedings may bring an action in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to enjoin the acts or practices and to enforce compliance with this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order hereunder. Upon proper showing, injunctive relief or temporary restraining orders shall be granted. The Mayor is not required to post a bond in any court proceedings or prove that any other adequate remedy at law exists.
(d) The Mayor may intervene in any civil action involving the enforcement of any right or provision under this chapter. The Mayor may require an owner, tenant, or tenant organization to notify the Mayor of any suit instituted pursuant to § 42-3405.03 .
(e) Civil fines, penalties, and fees may be imposed as alternative sanctions for any infraction of the provisions of this chapter, or any rules or regulations issued under the authority of this chapter, pursuant to Chapter 18 of Title 2 . Adjudication of any infraction of this chapter shall be pursuant to Chapter 18 of Title 2 .
D.C. Code § 42-3606 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36 / § 42-3606
§ 42-3606. Complaint by affected tenant or resident association.
Status: in_force

(a) To initiate an action pursuant to § 42-3602 , an affected tenant, resident, or resident association may submit a petition accompanied by a complaint for review by the Mayor. The housing provider may be named as party plaintiff in the petition. The review of the petition by the Mayor shall be completed within 7 days of receipt of the petition.
(b) The petition shall set forth the following:
  (1) The date and time the affected tenant, resident, or resident association witnessed the possession, manufacture, storage, distribution, use, or attempted possession, manufacture, storage, distribution, or use of an illegal drug in the rental unit by a tenant or occupant;
  (2) The name, address, and telephone number of any corroborating witness; and
  (3) Any other information relevant to the petition that can be verified by a named witness or independent authority, including the Metropolitan Police Department.
(c) If, upon review, the Mayor determines that a petition and complaint are complete, the affected tenant, resident, or resident association may file the complaint with the Court to commence an action pursuant to § 42-3602 .
(d) The Court shall proceed to consider the complaint under §§ 42-3602 and 42-3603 .
D.C. Code § 42-3141.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31A-i / § 42-3141.05
§ 42-3141.05. Notice of violation; service of notice.
Status: in_force

(a) If an owner elects to abate the graffiti and the graffiti has not been abated by the date stated on the notice, the Mayor may issue a notice of violation for failure to comply with § 42-3141.02 .
(b) (1) The notice of violation shall be served on the owner, or the building superintendent, or the Mayor may deliver the notice by certified mail to the owner of the premises. If the owner cannot be identified with reasonable certainty, the Mayor may conspicuously post the notice on the premises alleged to be in violation and deliver a copy of the notice to the Deputy Chief Financial Officer pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection.
  (2) The Deputy Chief Financial Officer is authorized to receive notices of violation of § 42-3141.02 on behalf of any resident or non-resident person who owns property in the District, if the person has not provided to the Deputy Chief Financial Officer a mailing address. The Deputy Chief Financial Officer shall post a copy of the notice served on the Deputy Chief Financial Officer in a conspicuous place on the property.
D.C. Code § 42-521 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 5 / § 42-521
§ 42-521. Estates from month to month or from quarter to quarter.
Status: in_force

An estate may be from month to month or from quarter to quarter, or, as otherwise expressed, it may be by the month or by the quarter, if so expressed in writing.
D.C. Code § 42-1401 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 14 / § 42-1401
§ 42-1401. Sale of life estate and contingent remainder in issue upon application of life tenant.
Status: in_force

Where real estate is limited to 1 or more for life, with a contingent limitation over to such issue of 1 or more of the tenants for life as shall be living at the death of their parent or parents, and the deed or will does not prohibit a sale, said court may, on the application of the tenants for life, and if the court shall be of opinion that it is expedient to do so, order a sale of such estate and decree to the purchaser an absolute and complete title in fee simple.
D.C. Code § 42-841.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-841.03
§ 42-841.03. Adequacy of foreclosure sale price; noteowner’s, beneficiary’s, mortgagee’s, or secured party’s conditional agreements before foreclosure sale auction.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3610 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36 / § 42-3610
§ 42-3610. Rules.
Status: in_force

(a) The Mayor shall issue proposed rules to implement the provisions of this subchapter. The proposed rules shall be submitted to the Council for a 45-day period of review, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays, and days of Council recess. If the Council does not approve or disapprove the proposed rules, in whole or in part, by resolution within this 45-day review period, the proposed rules shall be deemed approved. Nothing in this section shall affect any requirements imposed upon the Mayor by subchapter I of Chapter 5 of Title 2 .
(b) The Mayor may issue emergency rules without prior Council approval, which shall be effective for not more than 120 days.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.16a — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.16a
§ 42-3502.16a. Tenant representation by tenant organization.
Status: in_force

(a) A tenant organization shall have standing to assert a claim in its name on behalf of one or more of its members in any petition filed pursuant to this chapter, or under Chapters 39 or 40 of Title 14 of the District of Columbia Municipal Regulations, whether initiated by or against a housing provider; provided, that:
  (1) One or more members of the tenant organization have standing to assert a claim in their own right;
  (2) One or more members of the tenant organization have provided the tenant organization with written authorization for it to represent that member in the proceeding governing the petition; and
  (3) Neither the claim asserted nor the relief requested requires the participation of the member.
(b) Where the provisions of subsection (a) of this section have been satisfied, the tenant organization shall be granted party status and have its name placed in the caption of the proceeding.
(c) No further inquiry into the membership of the association shall be permitted.
D.C. Code § 42-1232 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 12A / § 42-1232
§ 42-1232. Validity of electronic documents and digitized images.
Status: in_force

(a) If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a document be an original, be on paper or other tangible medium, or be in writing, an electronic document or digitized image that satisfies this chapter satisfies the law.
(b) If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a document be signed, an electronic signature or digitized image of a wet signature on a paper document satisfies the law.
(c) A requirement that a document or a signature associated with a document be notarized, acknowledged, verified, witnessed, or made under oath is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform that act, and all other information required to be included, is attached to or logically associated with the document or signature. A physical or electronic image of a stamp, impression, or seal is not required to accompany an electronic signature.
D.C. Code § 42-124 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 1 / § 42-124
§ 42-124. Certain defective acknowledgments prior to March 3, 1879, validated.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2853.02 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 28B / § 42-2853.02
§ 42-2853.02. Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Fund.
Status: in_force

(a) There is hereby established a lapsing fund known as the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Fund (“Fund”). All monies received shall be used for the uses and purposes set forth in this chapter, subject to authorization by the Council and Congress. Any unexpended monies in the Fund shall revert to the unrestricted fund balance of the General Fund of the District of Columbia.
(b) Money in the Fund shall be expended by the Department only for administrative costs and for the audit required under subsection (c) of this section.
(c) All income and expenses of the Fund shall be audited annually by the Mayor. The audit report shall be submitted to the Council. The expenses for each audit shall be paid by the Fund.
D.C. Code § 42-2027 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20 / § 42-2027
§ 42-2027. Subchapter supplements existing code provisions; exception where conflict arises.
Status: in_force

The provisions of the subchapter shall be in addition to and supplemental to all other provisions of law of the District of Columbia and wheresoever there appears in the provisions the words “square”, “lot”, “land”, “ground”, “parcel”, “property”, “block”, or other designation denoting a unit of land, where appropriate to implement this subchapter, after such descriptive terms, there shall be deemed inserted reference to a condominium unit, condominium subdivision, or horizontal property regime, whichever shall be appropriate to effect the ends and purposes of this subchapter; provided, that wherever the application of the provisions of this subchapter conflict with the application of such other provisions, the provisions of law generally applicable to buildings in like use in the District of Columbia shall prevail.
D.C. Code § 42-3671.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36B / § 42-3671.03
§ 42-3671.03. General requirements of disclosures.
Status: in_force

(a) The lessor shall disclose to the consumer the information required by § 42-3671.04 . In a transaction involving more than one lessor, only one lessor need make the disclosures, but all lessors shall be bound by the disclosures.
(b) The disclosures shall be made at or before consummation.
(c) The disclosures shall be made clearly and conspicuously in writing and a copy of the lease-purchase agreement shall be provided to the consumer. The disclosures required under § 42-3671.04 shall be made on the face of the contract above the line for the consumer’s signature.
(d) If a disclosure becomes inaccurate as the result of an action, occurrence, or agreement by the consumer after delivery of the required disclosures, the resulting inaccuracy shall not be a violation of this chapter.
(e) The lease-purchase agreement shall include a statement indicating all fees that are charged under the lease-purchase agreement separately, including any other charges such as taxes, late payment fees, default fees, processing fees, pickup fees, fees for optional services or products, or reinstatement fees.
D.C. Code § 42-840.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-840.01
§ 42-840.01. Eligible publications for advertisement of foreclosure sale.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1901.06a — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1901.06a
§ 42-1901.06a. Child development facilities.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) No condominium instrument that is entered into, amended, or recorded after November 11, 2023, may prohibit the operation of a child development facility licensed pursuant to subchapter II of Chapter 20 of Title 7 .
  (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, no condominium instrument prohibiting the operation of businesses generally shall be interpreted to prohibit the operation of a child development facility.
(b) (1) Nothing in this section is intended to supersede any provision of condominium instruments concerning architectural control, parking, landscaping, noise, or other matters not specific to the operation of a child development facility.
  (2) An association may require the owner or operator of a proposed child development facility to bear the costs of any building retrofits necessary to comply with additional building code or residential code requirements that would apply solely as a result of the operation of a child development facility.
  (3) If a unit in which a child development facility operates uses utilities that are jointly metered with one or more other units, then nothing in this section shall preclude the association from adopting bylaws or other instruments that require the owner or operator of the child development facility to contribute a share of utility payments reasonably calculated to cover increased utility usage associated with the operation of the child development facility.
  (4) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to prohibit an association from prohibiting the conversion of a residential unit into a purely commercial unit.
(c) (1) An association may require the owner or operator of a child development facility to carry liability insurance to cover all matters related to the operation of the child development facility, including coverage for personal injury, death, damage to personal property, and damage to real property that occurs in or on the common elements, in the unit where the child development facility is located, or in any other unit, subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection.
  (2) The amounts of any insurance coverage that an association requires a child development facility to carry pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection must be reasonable under prevailing business standards in the District and must not exceed $500,000 for commercial general liability, sexual abuse and molestation liability, umbrella coverage and, if applicable, vehicle liability; except, that the Office of the State Superintendent of Education may establish greater or lesser maximum amounts by rule. Nothing in this paragraph shall be interpreted to prevent a child development facility from obtaining coverage at higher amounts than the Office of the State Superintendent or an association deems necessary.
  (3) The association shall be named as an additional insured party on the liability insurance required of the child development facility, and such insurance must be primary to any other insurance the association is required to carry under the terms of the condominium instruments.
D.C. Code § 42-1101 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 11 / § 42-1101
§ 42-1101. Definitions.
Status: in_force

When used in this chapter, unless otherwise required by the context:
(a) (1) The word “District” means the District of Columbia.
  (2) The word “Mayor” means the Mayor of the District of Columbia, or his duly authorized agents or representatives.
  (3) (A) The word “deed” means any document, instrument, or writing, including a security interest instrument, wherever made, executed, or delivered, pursuant to which:
      (i) Title to real property is conveyed, vested, granted, bargained, sold, transferred, or assigned;
      (ii) An interest in real property (including an estate for life) is conveyed, vested, granted, bargained, sold, transferred, or assigned;
      (iii) A security interest in real property is conveyed, vested, granted, bargained, sold, transferred, or assigned; or
      (iv) A transfer of an economic interest in real property is evidenced pursuant to § 42-1102.02 .
    (B) The word “deed” shall not include a will or a lease or ground rent for a term (with renewals) that is less than 30 years.
  (4) The words “real property” mean every estate or right, legal or equitable, present or future, vested or contingent in lands, tenements, or hereditaments located in whole or in part within the District.
  (5) The word “consideration,” except as otherwise provided in § 42-1104 , means the price or amount actually paid, or required to be paid, for real property including any mortgages, liens, encumbrances thereon, construction loan deeds of trust or mortgages or permanent loan deeds of trust or mortgages.
  (6) The word “person” means an individual, partnership, society, association, joint-stock company, corporation, estate, receiver, trustee, assignee, any individual acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, whether appointed by a court or otherwise, any combination of individuals, and any other form of unincorporated enterprise owned or conducted by 2 or more persons.
  (7) The word “deficiency” as used in this chapter means the amount or amounts by which the tax imposed by this chapter as determined by the Mayor exceeds the amount shown as the tax upon the return of the person or persons liable for the payment thereof.
  (8) The word “taxpayer” means any person required by this chapter to pay a tax, or file a return.
  (9) The words “construction loan deed of trust or mortgage” mean a deed of trust or mortgage upon real estate which is given to secure a loan for new real estate construction.
  (10) The words “permanent loan deed of trust or mortgage” mean a deed of trust or mortgage upon real estate which secures an instrument made by the same obligors who made the instrument which the construction loan deed of trust or mortgage secured, and which conveys substantially the same real estate.
  (11) The phrase “controlling interest” means:
    (A) More than 50% of the total voting power of all classes of stock of a corporation or more than 50% of the total fair market value of all classes of stock of a corporation;
    (B) More than 50% of the capital or profits in a partnership, association, or other unincorporated entity; or
    (C) More than 50% of the beneficial interests in a trust.
  (12) The phrase “purchase money mortgage or purchase money deed of trust” means a mortgage or deed of trust provided as payment or part payment of the purchase price of real property.
  (13) The phrase “security interest” means any interest in real property acquired for the purpose of securing payment of a debt.
  (14) The phrase “security interest instrument” means any instrument which conveys, vests, grants, transfers, bargains, sells, or assigns a security interest in real property. A security interest instrument may include the following:
    (A) A mortgage;
    (B) A deed of trust;
    (C) A financing statement;
    (D) A refinancing statement; or
    (E) Another document, instrument, or writing which creates an encumbrance on real property.
  (15) The phrase “supplemental deed” means a deed that confirms, corrects, modifies, or supplements a prior recorded deed without additional consideration.
  (16) The phrase "first-time District homebuyer" means an individual purchaser who has never owned improved residential real property or an economic interest in a cooperative unit that qualified for the homestead deduction provided pursuant to § 47-850 or § 47-850.01 as the individual's principal residence. The term "first-time District homebuyer" includes an individual who has divorced or separated and who, by a written settlement agreement or court order, did not obtain an ownership interest in a principal residence that had been jointly owned.
  (17) The phrase "eligible property" means improved residential real property, including an economic interest in a cooperative unit, purchased at an amount not to exceed the purchase ceiling of $625,000 (adjusted annually beginning with real property tax year 2019 by the addition to the prior purchase ceiling of an amount equal to the percentage increase in the Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for the preceding calendar year in which the real property tax year begins, rounded to the next lowest multiple of $500), that qualifies for the homestead deduction provided pursuant to § 47-850 or § 47-850.01 ; and the phrase also includes within the purchase ceiling all other real property conveyed on the same deed.
D.C. Code § 42-3910 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 39 / § 42-3910
§ 42-3910. Issuance of licenses and certifications; scope.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3671.10 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36B / § 42-3671.10
§ 42-3671.10. Advertising.
Status: in_force

(a) If an advertisement for a lease-purchase agreement refers to, or states, the amount of any payment and the right to acquire ownership for any one specific item, the advertisement shall also clearly and conspicuously state the following items, as applicable:
  (1) That the transaction advertised is a lease-purchase agreement;
  (2) The total of payments necessary to acquire ownership; and
  (3) That the consumer acquires no ownership rights if the total amount required to purchase is not paid.
(b) An owner or personnel of any medium in which an advertisement appears or through which it is disseminated shall not be liable under this section.
(c) Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to an advertisement which does not refer to or state the amount of any payment or which is published in the yellow pages of a telephone directory or in any similar directory of business.
D.C. Code § 42-3502.12 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3502.12
§ 42-3502.12. Hardship petition.
Status: in_force

(a) Where an election has been made under § 42-3502.06(c) to seek a rent adjustment through a hardship petition, the Rent Administrator shall, after review of the figures and computations set forth in the housing provider’s petition, allow additional increases in rent which would generate no more than a 12% rate of return computed according to subsection (b) of this section.
(b) In determining the rate of return for each housing accommodation, the following formula, computed over a base period of the 12 consecutive months within 15 months preceding the filing of a petition under this chapter, shall be used to:
  (1) Obtain the net income by subtracting from the sum of maximum possible rental income which can be derived from a housing accommodation to which this section applies and the maximum amount of all other income which can be derived from the housing accommodation the following:
    (A) The operating expenses, but the following items shall not be allowed as operating expenses:
      (i) Membership fees in organizations established to influence legislation and regulations;
      (ii) Contributions to lobbying efforts;
      (iii) Contributions for legal fees in the prosecution of class action cases;
      (iv) Political contributions to candidates for office;
      (v) Mortgage principal payments;
      (vi) Maintenance expenses for which the housing provider has been reimbursed by any security deposit, insurance settlement, judgment for damages, agreed upon payments, or any other method;
      (vii) Attorney’s fees charged for services connected with counseling or litigation related to actions brought by the District government due to the housing provider’s repeated failure to comply with applicable housing regulations as evidenced by violation notices issued by the Department of Buildings; and
      (viii) Any expenses for which the tenant has lawfully paid directly;
    (B) The management fee, where applicable, of not more than 6% of the maximum rental income of the housing accommodation unless an additional amount is approved by the Rent Administrator as follows:
      (i) The housing provider shall first file with the Rent Administrator a petition which contains information the Rent Administrator may require, including, but not limited to, the name of the payee; and
      (ii) If the Rent Administrator determines, based on the petition and other information the Rent Administrator may require, that the excess over 6% of maximum possible income or part of income is reasonable, the Rent Administrator may permit the same excess or so much of the excess as is reasonable;
    (C) Property taxes;
    (D) Depreciation expenses to the extent reflected in decreased real property tax assessments;
    (E) Vacancy losses for the housing accommodation of not more than 6% of the maximum rental housing income of the housing accommodation unless an additional amount is approved by the Rent Administrator;
    (F) Uncollected rents; and
    (G) Interest payments;
  (2) Then, divide the net income by the housing provider’s equity in the housing accommodation to determine the rate of return.
(c) (1) At the housing provider's election, instead of any adjustment authorized by § 42-3502.06(b) , the rent charged for an accommodation may be adjusted through a hardship petition under this section. The petition shall be clearly identified as an election instead of the general adjustments authorized by § 42-3502.06(b) . The Rent Administrator shall accord an expedited review process for these petitions and shall issue and publish a final decision within 90 days after the petition has been filed.
  (2) (A) In the case of any petition filed under this subsection as to which a final decision has not been rendered by the Rent Administrator at the end of 90 days from the date of filing of the petition and as to which the housing provider is not in default in complying with any information request made under § 42-3502.16 , the housing provider may conditionally implement an adjustment of the rent charged, at the end of the 90-day period, in accordance with this paragraph.
    (B) (i) The conditional adjustment of the rent charged that shall be available to the housing provider for an affected unit shall be based upon the Rent Administrator's hardship petition form completed by the housing provider and returned to the Rent Administrator.
      (ii) If the hardship petition form indicates that the net income of the housing provider for the affected units is negative, the conditional adjustment of the rent charged for the affected units shall not exceed 5% of the current rent charged.
      (iii) If the hardship petition form indicates that the net income of the housing provider for the affected units is positive, the housing provider may not implement a conditional adjustment of the rent charged.
  (3) A conditional adjustment of the rent charged shall be subject to subsequent modification by the final decision of the Rent Administrator on the petition. If a hearing has been held on the petition, the Rent Administrator shall, by order served upon the parties at least 10 days before the expiration of the 90-day period commenced pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection, make a provisional finding as to the rent increase justified by the order, if any. Except to the extent modified pursuant to § 42-3502.06 or this section, the adjustment procedures of § 42-3502.16 shall apply to any adjustment.
  (4) If the Rent Administrator denies the requested rent increase or approves a rent increase that is less than the amount of the conditional adjustment of the rent charged by the housing provider, the housing provider shall refund to the tenant within 21 days of the Rent Administrator's order any rent paid in excess of the amount approved by the Rent Administrator, except that the tenant may elect within 14 days of the Rent Administrator's order to apply any amount of the refund not yet refunded by the housing provider to the tenant, as a credit against future rental payments.
D.C. Code § 42-101 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 1 / § 42-101
§ 42-101. No acknowledgment of deed by attorney.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1903.08a — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1903.08a
§ 42-1903.08a. Condominium Association Advisory Council.
Status: in_force

(a) There is established a Condominium Association Advisory Council ("CAAC").
(b) The purpose of the CAAC shall be to serve as an advisory body to the Mayor, the Council, and District agencies on matters relating to condominiums located in the District.
(c) The CAAC shall be composed of 14 members appointed as follows:
  (1) One community representative from each of the 8 District wards, appointed by the Councilmember representing each respective ward;
  (2) One community representative appointed by the chairperson of the Committee of the Council that oversees the Department of Housing and Community Development;
  (3) One community representative appointed by the Mayor;
  (4) The Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development, or his or her designee;
  (5) A representative from the community association management industry with at least 7 years of experience in the profession, appointed by the Mayor;
  (6) A representative from the mortgage industry with at least 5 years of experience in the profession, appointed by the Mayor; and
  (7) A representative from the legal community who is an attorney licensed to practice in the District and has at least 5 years of experience representing community associations, appointed by the Mayor.
(d) (1) Each community representative shall be a resident of the District who has been a member in good standing of a unit owners' association for at least one year, with a priority for community representatives with experience on a condominium board.
  (2) A chairperson shall be elected from among the 10 community representatives, and shall serve for a term of 2 years.
  (3) (A) Each community representative member shall be appointed for a term of 3 years.
    (B) Initial appointments shall be staggered with 3 members appointed for a one-year term, 4 members appointed for a 2-year term, and 3 members appointed for a 3–year term.
    (C) The initial appointment terms shall be determined by lot at the first meeting of the CAAC.
  (4) The 3 non-community members appointed by the Mayor shall each be appointed for a term of 3 years.
(e) Meetings of the CAAC shall be open to the public and shall take place at a public location at least 4 times a year. The CAAC shall provide a public listing of members by ward, meeting notices, and meeting minutes on a CAAC website.
D.C. Code § 42-2161.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 21A / § 42-2161.03
§ 42-2161.03. Report.
Status: in_force

Within 120 days after the appointment of the appointed members, the Task Force shall submit a report to the Mayor and the Council that addresses the following:
(a) (1) Whether transitioning vacant commercial office space to affordable housing units, including units with multiple bedrooms, would help address the District of Columbia's affordable housing crisis;
  (2) Any legislative, regulatory, zoning, or policy changes that the Task Force recommends making to promote the transition of vacant commercial office buildings to affordable housing units, including units with multiple bedrooms; and
  (3) Any costs to the District and property owners associated with the recommended changes and recommendations on how to fund such costs.
D.C. Code § 42-508 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 5 / § 42-508
§ 42-508. Estate in expectancy.
Status: in_force

An estate in expectancy is either a reversion or a future estate.
D.C. Code § 42-2812.02 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 28 / § 42-2812.02
§ 42-2812.02. Findings.
Status: in_force

The Council finds that:
(1) Section 1-204.90 provides that the Council may, by resolution, authorize the issuance of District revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations (including refunding bonds, notes, or other obligations) to borrow money to finance, refinance, or reimburse and to assist in the financing, refinancing, or reimbursing of undertakings in certain areas designated in § 1-204.90 where the ultimate obligation to repay the revenue bonds, notes, or other obligations is that of one or more governmental persons or entities.
(2) Under § 42-2802 , the Council established the Housing Production Trust Fund as a permanent proprietary revolving fund to be administered by the Department to provide assistance in housing production for targeted populations.
(3) The Mayor wishes to issue bonds for the benefit of the Fund and to pledge to repayment of the bonds a portion of the monies deposited into the Fund and to use the proceeds of the bonds to accomplish certain of the purposes of this chapter.
(4) Section 1-204.90 provides that bonds may be issued to assist in undertakings in the area of housing.
(5) The authorization, issuance, sale, and delivery of the bonds are desirable, are in the public interest, and will promote the purposes and intent of § 1-204.90 and of this chapter.
D.C. Code § 42-1738 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 17 / § 42-1738
§ 42-1738. Separability.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-3651.04 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36A / § 42-3651.04
§ 42-3651.04. Notice and hearing requirements.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) After a petition has been filed under § 42-3651.03 , the Chief Judge of the Superior Court, or the Judge’s designee, shall immediately issue an order requiring the owner, agent, lessor, or manager, as respondent, to show cause why a receiver should not be appointed. The order shall include a notice that the Court will consider, in addition to the grounds for receivership set forth in § 42-3651.02 , a plan submitted by the respondent to abate the conditions alleged in the petition.
  (2) The order of the Court, along with the notice and a copy of the petition, shall be served on the owner of record, and the agent, lessor, or manager, at his or her last known address or by such other method as the Court may direct and shall be posted in a conspicuous place upon the rental housing accommodation.
  (3) (A) If the petition is not filed by the Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, the order of the Court, along with a copy of the petition, shall be served on the Attorney General for the District of Columbia.
    (B) No later than 5 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, after receiving a copy of the petition under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Department of Buildings shall make available to the petitioner for its use in the proceedings certified copies of all licensure and housing inspection reports in the custody of the District government that document conditions in the rental housing accommodation within the previous 3 years.
(b) (1) If, upon filing of a petition, the Court finds probable cause to believe a condition or practice in the affected rental housing accommodation poses an immediate danger to the health, safety, or security of the tenants, it may, ex parte, issue an order of not more than 14 days duration appointing a receiver and direct that the order be served along with the notice required by this section; provided, that a hearing be commenced before the expiration of the order.
  (2) (A) In the event of an ex parte appointment under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the petitioner shall ensure that the owner, agent, lessor, or manager of the rental housing accommodation is served with notice and a copy of the petition, any supporting affidavits, and the order of appointment:
      (i) By personal service within 72 hours after the appointment; or
      (ii) By notice conspicuously posted inside or on the front door of the rental housing accommodation within 96 hours of the appointment, if the petitioner files with the Court a sworn statement setting forth in detail his diligent effort to serve notice under sub-subparagraph (i) of this subparagraph.
    (B) In addition, the petitioner shall serve the order of the Court, along with a copy of the petition, on the owner of record at his or her last known address and his or her agent, lessor, or manager at his or her last known address.
(c) A receiver appointed under subsection (b) of this section may immediately collect all rents or payments for use and occupancy of the affected rental housing accommodation and alleviate the conditions cited by the Court in the order appointing the receiver.
D.C. Code § 42-2013 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20 / § 42-2013
§ 42-2013. Bylaws — Availability for examination; made part of declaration; amendment; compliance mandatory.
Status: in_force

(a) The administration of every project constituted into a horizontal property regime shall be governed by the bylaws as the council of co-owners may from time to time adopt, which said bylaws together with the declaration, including recorded attachments thereto, referred to in § 42-2006 shall be available for examination by all the co-owners, their duly authorized attorneys or agents, at convenient hours on working days that shall be set and announced for general knowledge.
(b) A true copy of said bylaws shall be annexed to the declaration referred to in § 42-2006 and made a part thereof. No modification of or amendment to the bylaws shall be valid unless set forth in an amendment to the declaration and such amendment is duly recorded.
(c) Each unit owner shall comply strictly with the bylaws and with the administrative rules and regulations adopted pursuant thereto, as either of the same may be lawfully amended from time to time. Failure to comply with any of the same shall be ground for an action to recover sums due, for damages or injunctive relief, or both, maintainable by the manager, the administrator, board of directors or of administration, or as specified in the bylaws or in proper case, by an aggrieved unit owner.
D.C. Code § 42-3671.05 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36B / § 42-3671.05
§ 42-3671.05. Maintenance of the property.
Status: in_force

During the rental term, the lessor shall maintain the property in good working condition, including repairing or replacing, if repair cannot be completed within a reasonable time, any property which fails to perform as a result of a defect in the property not caused by harmful conditions outside the merchant’s or manufacturer’s control or by improper use by the consumer, as long as no other person has been permitted to repair it. The merchant may, but shall not be required, to repair or replace property which has been damaged by the negligent or intentional act of the consumer.
D.C. Code § 42-3220 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 32 / § 42-3220
§ 42-3220. Action in debt may be brought for rent in arrears under lease or demise for life.
Status: in_force

It shall and may be lawful for any person or persons, having any rent in arrear, or due upon any lease or demise for life or lives, to bring an action or actions of debt for such arrears of rent, in the same manner they might have done, in case such rent were due, and reserved upon a lease for years.
D.C. Code § 42-4017 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 40 / § 42-4017
§ 42-4017. Rent ceiling.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-2067.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20A / § 42-2067.03
§ 42-2067.03. Membership.
Status: in_force

(a) The composition of the Advisory Council shall be as follows:
  (1) Up to 6 resident-owner representatives, each of whom who is currently a board member of an LEC in the District; provided, that no 2 residents shall be from the board of the same LEC;
  (2) Two representatives from a community-based organization, including:
    (A) One of whom has experience in the formation of LECs, including the legal and organizational structure of the LEC; and
    (B) One of whom has experience in ongoing technical assistance required to sustain LECs;
  (3) One representative from a property management company that manages cooperatives in the District;
  (4) One representative from a development company that develops cooperatives in the District;
  (5) One representative from a financial entity that specializes in the financing of LECs;
  (6) One attorney who has experience working with LECs;
  (7) One individual who has conducted significant academic research on LECs in the District and elsewhere in the United States;
  (8) Other representatives appointed by the Chairperson of the Council committee responsible for housing issues;
  (9) One representative from the Department of Housing and Community
  Development ("DHCD"); and
  (10) One representative from the District of Columbia Housing Finance Agency.
(b) The Chairperson of the Council committee responsible for housing issues shall appoint the:
  (1) Chair of the Advisory Council; and
  (2) Advisory Council representatives designated in subsection (a)(1) through (8) of this section.
(c) The members of the Advisory Council shall:
  (1) Serve for a period of 2 years;
  (2) Either reside or work in the District; and
  (3) Serve without compensation.
(d) Meetings of the Advisory Council shall be open to the public.
(e) The Advisory Council shall meet at least 6 times each year.
(f) The Advisory Council may request administrative support from the Director of DHCD, who shall provide support as the Director of DHCD and not as a member of the Advisory Council for all such reasonable requests to prepare for the required reports and meetings of the Advisory Council.
D.C. Code § 42-3671.13 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36B / § 42-3671.13
§ 42-3671.13. Limitation of actions.
Status: in_force

A civil action under this chapter may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction within the later of one year after the date of the occurrence of any violation or 6 months after the lease-purchase agreement, together with any renewals or extensions thereof, ceases to be in effect. Notwithstanding the above, a civil action may be maintained by way of recoupment or counterclaim in an action brought against the consumer by the lessor or its assignee.
D.C. Code § 42-834.07 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-834.07
§ 42-834.07. Right to redeem after acceleration.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2435 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 24A / § 42-2435
§ 42-2435. Criminal penalties.
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who knowingly violates any provision of this chapter, or any rule promulgated pursuant to this chapter, shall be fined an amount not to exceed $10,000, imprisoned for not more than one year, or both. All prosecutions of this subsection shall be instituted by the Attorney General for the District of Columbia or any of his or her assistants.
(b) A person who knowingly commits a 2nd or subsequent violation of any provision of this chapter, or any rule promulgated pursuant to this chapter, shall be fined an amount not to exceed $50,000, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
D.C. Code § 42-3503.06 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3503.06
§ 42-3503.06. Continued eligibility.
Status: in_force

Sixty days prior to the expiration of any tenant assistance authorized under this subchapter, the Department shall notify the tenant, in writing, that the tenant assistance is about to expire and that the tenant, if eligible and desiring to continue to receive tenant assistance, must reapply within 30 days upon receipt of the notice. The tenant shall reapply by executing under oath or affirmation a statement of continued eligibility on a form approved by the Department and by submitting the form to the Department. Unless the Department determines that the person is not eligible, tenant assistance shall continue for the succeeding 12 months.
D.C. Code § 42-4013 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 40 / § 42-4013
§ 42-4013. Duties of Rental Housing Commission.
Status: repealed

Expired.
D.C. Code § 42-843.03 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 8A / § 42-843.03
§ 42-843.03. Duties of purchaser at foreclosure sale.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-1902.11 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 19 / § 42-1902.11
§ 42-1902.11. Allocation of interests in common elements; proportionate or equal shares; statement in declaration; no alteration nor disposition without unit; no partition.
Status: in_force

(a) The declaration may allocate to each unit depicted on plats and plans that comply with subsections (a) and (b) of § 42-1902.14 an undivided interest in the common elements proportionate to either the size or par value of each unit.
(b) Otherwise, the declaration shall allocate to each such unit an equal undivided interest in the common elements, subject to the following exception: Each convertible space so depicted shall be allocated an undivided interest in the common elements proportionate to the size of each such space, vis-à-vis the aggregate size of all units so depicted, while the remaining undivided interest in the common elements shall be allocated equally to the other units so depicted.
(c) The undivided interests in the common elements allocated in accordance with subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall add up to 1 if stated as fractions or 100% if stated as percentages.
(d) If, in accordance with subsection (a) or (b) of this section, an equal undivided interest in the common elements is allocated to each unit, the declaration may simply state that fact and need not express the fraction or percentage so allocated.
(e) Otherwise, the undivided interest allocated to each unit in accordance with subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall be reflected by a table in the declaration, or by an exhibit or schedule accompanying the declaration and recorded simultaneously therewith, containing 3 columns. The first column shall identify the units, listing them serially or grouping them together in the case of units to which identical undivided interests are allocated. Corresponding figures in the second and third columns shall set forth the respective areas or par values of those units and the fraction or percentage of undivided interest in the common elements allocated thereto.
(f) Except to the extent otherwise expressly provided by this chapter, the undivided interest in the common elements allocated to any unit shall not be altered, and any purported transfer, encumbrance, or other disposition of that interest without the unit to which it appertains shall be void.
(g) The common elements shall not be subject to any suit for partition until and unless the condominium is terminated.
D.C. Code § 42-2067.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20A / § 42-2067.01
§ 42-2067.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of this subchapter , the term:
  (1) "Advisory Council" means the Limited Equity Cooperative Advisory Council established by § 42-2067.02 .
  (2) "Cooperative" shall have the same meaning as given in § 42-2061(1) .
  (3) "Limited-Equity cooperative" or "LEC" shall have the same meaning as in § 47-802(11) .
D.C. Code § 42-1114 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 11 / § 42-1114
§ 42-1114. Appeal from deficiency assessment.
Status: in_force

Any person aggrieved by any assessment of a deficiency in tax finally determined by the Mayor under the provisions of § 42-1108 [repealed] may appeal to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in the same manner and to the same extent as set forth in §§ 47-3303 , 47-3304 , and 47-3306 to 47-3308 , as amended and as the same may hereinafter be amended.
D.C. Code § 42-1681 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 16C / § 42-1681
§ 42-1681. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) For purposes of this chapter , the term:
  (1) "Department" means the Department of Housing and Community Development.
  (2) "Funeral services establishment" shall have the same meaning as set forth in § 3-402(11) .
  (3) "Heir" shall have the same meaning as set forth in § 20-101(c) .
  (4) "Legatee" shall have the same meaning as set forth in § 20-101(g) .
  (5) "Survivor of the deceased" means any individual with whom funeral services are being arranged.
D.C. Code § 42-3801 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 38 / § 42-3801
§ 42-3801. Definitions.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2012 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 20 / § 42-2012
§ 42-2012. Merger no bar to reconstitution.
Status: in_force

The merger provided for in the preceding section shall in no way bar the subsequent constitution of the property into another horizontal property regime whenever so desired and upon observance of the provisions of this subchapter.
D.C. Code § 42-2207 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 22 / § 42-2207
§ 42-2207. Mayor’s report to Council.
Status: in_force

The Mayor shall submit to the Council, not later than 6 months after the end of each fiscal year, a report on the financial condition of the fund and the results of the operation of the fund for the fiscal year.
D.C. Code § 42-3171.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31C / § 42-3171.01
§ 42-3171.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter the term:
(1) “Abandoned property” means:
  (A) A structure:
    (i) That is unoccupied by an owner or a tenant; and
    (ii) On which the real property tax imposed by § 47-811 has not been paid in 18 months;
  (B) A vacant lot on which the real property tax imposed by § 47-811 has not been paid in 18 months;
  (C) A structure:
    (i) That is unoccupied by an owner or tenant;
    (ii) That the Mayor has determined is structurally unsafe; and
    (iii) Regarding which the Mayor has issued to the owner a notice requiring that the owner cause the structure to conform with any provision of the fire code, building code, or housing code, or to demolish the structure for safety reasons, and the owner has failed to act in response to the Mayor’s notice within the period of time established by statute, regulation, or the notice; or
  (D) A vacant lot on which a building has been demolished.
(1A) "Blighted area" means an area determined by the Mayor:
  (A) To be unsafe or unsanitary;
  (B) To have an excessive presence of abandoned properties or vacant buildings, unimproved lots, or substandard structures; or
  (C) By reason of deterioration, faulty planning, inadequate or improper facilities, deleterious land use, or the existence of unsafe structures, or any combination of these factors, to be otherwise detrimental to the public health, safety, or welfare.
(2) “Deteriorated property” means real property:
  (A) The Mayor has determined constitutes a threat to the public health, safety, or welfare;
  (B) The Mayor has determined contributes to the blight or dilapidation of the area immediately surrounding the property; or
  (C) As to which, if the real property contains a structure, the Mayor has issued to the owner a notice requiring the owner to conform the structure to any provision of the fire code, building code, or housing code, or to demolish the structure for safety reasons, and the owner has failed to act in response to the Mayor’s notice within the period of time established by statute, regulation, or the notice.
(3) “Owner” means a person who holds legal title to an interest in real property as reflected in the records of the Recorder of Deeds.
(4) “Slum and blight” means one or more parcels of land, whether vacant or improved that are in a blighted area, or exhibit one or more characteristics of a blighted area.
(5) “Tenant” shall have the meaning set forth in § 42-3501.03(36) .
D.C. Code § 42-3404.01a — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 34 / § 42-3404.01a
§ 42-3404.01a. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) For purposes of this subchapter , the term:
  (1) "Department" means the Department of Housing and Community Development, or any successor agency.
  (2) "Owner" means:
    (A) Any person, any one of a number of persons, or any entity in whom is vested all or any part of the beneficial ownership, dominion, or title of a housing accommodation; or
    (B) The committee, conservator, or legal guardian of a person described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph who is non compos mentis, a minor child, or otherwise under a disability.
  (3) "Qualified Purchaser" means any person certified by the Mayor pursuant to § 42-3404.02d , or an agency or instrumentality of the District.".
  (4) (A) "Tenant" means any person or persons who, under the terms of a current or expired written lease or other rental agreement, are entitled to occupy the housing accommodation and are liable to the owner for the payment of rent.
    (B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to limit the definition of "tenant" for purposes of any other law.".
  (5) Not Funded.
D.C. Code § 42-702 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 7 / § 42-702
§ 42-702. “Grant” or “bargain and sell” passes whole estate and interest.
Status: in_force

The word “grant,” and the phrase “bargain and sell,” or any other words purporting to transfer the whole estate shall be construed to pass the whole estate and interest in the property described, unless there be limitations or reservations showing a different intent.
D.C. Code § 42-3506.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3506.01
§ 42-3506.01. Conversion.
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall convert and the Mayor shall not permit the conversion of any housing accommodation or rental unit into a hotel, motel, inn, or other transient residential occupancy unit or accommodation.
D.C. Code § 42-3503.07 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 35 / § 42-3503.07
§ 42-3503.07. Termination of eligibility.
Status: in_force

(a) If, at any time, a tenant receiving tenant assistance fails to satisfy the requirements of this subchapter relating to conditions of eligibility, the tenant shall immediately notify the Department, in writing, of the ineligibility. Tenant assistance shall terminate on the next day thereafter upon which the rent is due.
(b) If, at any time, the Department determines that a tenant receiving tenant assistance is not, or has ceased to be, eligible for tenant assistance, the Department shall notify the tenant and housing provider in writing, setting forth the reasons for the determination. Tenant assistance payments shall terminate on the next day the rent is due occurring at least 30 days after the date the notice is given, unless, within 15 days after the receipt of the notice, the tenant submits to the Department a written statement, under oath or affirmation, including any available supporting documents, asserting the tenant’s reasons for alleging continued eligibility. Within 30 days following the receipt of the statement and documents, the Department shall make the final determination of the tenant’s eligibility for continued receipt of tenant assistance.
(c) (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, after September 30, 1996, all tenants receiving tenancy assistance shall avail themselves of all opportunities to receive Section 8 or public housing assistance in lieu of tenant assistance.
  (2) A tenant who fails to observe the mandates of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be deemed ineligible for tenant assistance and assistance will be terminated pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.
D.C. Code § 42-3151.08 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31B / § 42-3151.08
§ 42-3151.08. Effect on other authority.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 42-2853.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 28B / § 42-2853.01
§ 42-2853.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter, the term:
(1) “Administrative costs” means the costs of the Department to administer, manage, and monitor the low-income housing tax credit program, including personnel costs, whether incurred before or after April 8, 2005.
(2) “Department” means the Department of Housing and Community Development.
(3) “Developer” means a person or entity that proposes to cause the construction affordable housing using tax credits provided under the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program.
(4) “Fund” means the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Fund established by § 42-2853.02 .
(5) “Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program” means the program authorized by section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code [26 U.S.C. § 42].
(6) “User fee” means a fee charged by the Department to a developer in connection with the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program, including application, reservation, allocation, and monitoring fees.
D.C. Code § 42-3106 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31 / § 42-3106
§ 42-3106. Conviction not required.
Status: in_force

A previous conviction of the defendant, or any tenant or owner of the property, shall not be required to demonstrate a drug-, firearm-, or prostitution-related nuisance.
D.C. Code § 42-3102.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 31 / § 42-3102.01
§ 42-3102.01. Authority to obtain law enforcement records.
Status: in_force

Upon request by the Attorney General for the District of Columbia, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia may provide information related to a drug-, firearm-, or prostitution-related property that has been obtained from a law enforcement agency.
D.C. Code § 42-3671.01 — DC Code / Title 42 / Chapter 36B / § 42-3671.01
§ 42-3671.01. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this chapter, the term:
(1) “Advertisement” means a commercial message in any medium that aids, promotes, or assists, directly or indirectly, a lease-purchase agreement. The term “advertisement” shall not include in-store merchandising aids or window signs.
(2) “Cash price” means the price at which the lessor would have sold the property to the consumer for cash on the date of the lease-purchase agreement.
(3) “Consumer” means a natural person who rents personal property under a lease-purchase agreement to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
(4) “Consummation” means the time a consumer becomes contractually obligated on a lease-purchase agreement.
(5) “Department” means the Department of Buildings.
(6) “Lessor” means a person who regularly provides the use of property through lease-purchase agreements and to whom lease payments are initially payable on the face of the lease-purchase agreement.
(7) (A) “Lease-purchase agreement” mean an agreement for the use of personal property:
    (i) By a natural person primarily for personal, family, or household purposes;
    (ii) For an initial period of 4 months or less that is automatically renewable with each payment after the initial period, but does not obligate or require the consumer to continue leasing or using the property beyond the initial period; and
    (iii) That permits the consumer to become the owner of the property.
  (B) A lease-purchase agreement shall not mean:
    (i) A consumer transaction under Chapter 38 of Title 28 of the District of Columbia Official Code or Chapter 100 of Title 16 of the District of Columbia Municipal Regulations (16 DCRM § 100 et seq.);
    (ii) A security interest as defined in Chapter 38 of Title 28 ;
    (iii) A loan, an instrument in writing for the payment of money at a future time, or interest under Chapter 38 of Title 28 ;
    (iv) A lease-purchase agreement primarily for business, commercial, agricultural purposes, or those made with governmental agencies or instrumentalities or with organizations;
    (v) A lease of a safe deposit box:
    (vi) A lease or bailment of personal property which is incidental to the lease of real property and which provides that the consumer has no option to purchase the leased property;
    (vii) A lease of an automobile; or
    (viii) A lease or purchase or real property.