D.C. Code § 23-114 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-114
§ 23-114. Corroboration of a child witness’ testimony not required.
Status: in_force

For purposes of prosecutions brought under Title 22 of the D.C. Official Code, independent corroboration of the testimony of a child victim is not required to warrant a conviction.
D.C. Code § 23-552 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-552
§ 23-552. Government appeals.
Status: in_force

In addition to any other right to appeal, the United States or the District of Columbia, as the case may be, shall have the right to appeal from an order granting a motion to suppress made under section 23-551   or from the denial of an application for an order of approval, if the United States or the District of Columbia, as the case may be, shall certify to the judge or other official granting such motion or denying the application that the appeal is not taken for purposes of delay. Appeal shall be taken within thirty days after the date the order was entered and shall be diligently prosecuted.
D.C. Code § 23-1322 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1322
§ 23-1322. Detention prior to trial.
Status: in_force

*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 30(k) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
*NOTE: This section includes amendments by temporary legislation that will expire on September 11, 2026. To view the text of this section after the expiration of all emergency and temporary legislation, click this link: Permanent Version .*
*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 30(k) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
(a) The judicial officer shall order the detention of a person charged with an offense for a period of not more than 5 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, and direct the attorney for the government to notify the appropriate court, probation or parole official, or local or state law enforcement official, if the judicial officer determines that the person charged with an offense:
  (1) Was at the time the offense was committed, on:
    (A) Release pending trial for a felony or misdemeanor under local, state, or federal law;
    (B) Release pending imposition or execution of sentence, appeal of sentence or conviction, or completion of sentence, for any offense under local, state, or federal law; or
    (C) Probation, parole or supervised release for an offense under local, state, or federal law; and
  (2) May flee or pose a danger to any other person or the community or, when a hearing under § 23-1329(b) is requested, is likely to violate a condition of release. If the official fails or declines to take the person into custody during the 5-day period described in this subsection, the person shall be treated in accordance with other provisions of law governing release pending trial.
(b) (1) The judicial officer shall hold a hearing to determine whether any condition or combination of conditions set forth in § 23-1321(c) will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of any other person and the community, upon oral motion of the attorney for the government, in a case that involves:
    (A) A crime of violence, or a dangerous crime, as these terms are defined in § 23-1331 ;
    (B) An offense under section 502 of the District of Columbia Theft and White Collar Crimes Act of 1982, effective December 1, 1982 ( D.C. Law 4-164 ; D.C. Official Code § 22-722 );
    (C) A serious risk that the person will obstruct or attempt to obstruct justice, or threaten, injure, or intimidate, or attempt to threaten, injure, or intimidate a prospective witness or juror; or
    (D) A serious risk that the person will flee.
  (2) If, after a hearing pursuant to the provision of subsection (d) of this section, the judicial officer finds by clear and convincing evidence that no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required, and the safety of any other person and the community, the judicial officer shall order that the person be detained before trial.
(c) Subject to rebuttal by the person, it shall be presumed that no condition or combination of conditions of release will reasonably assure the safety of any other person and the community if the judicial officer finds that there is probable cause to believe that the person:
  (1) Committed a dangerous crime or a crime of violence, as these crimes are defined in § 23-1331 , while armed with or having readily available a pistol, firearm, imitation firearm, or other deadly or dangerous weapon;
  (2) Has threatened, injured, intimidated, or attempted to threaten, injure, or intimidate a law enforcement officer, an officer of the court, or a prospective witness or juror in any criminal investigation or judicial proceeding;
  (3) Committed a dangerous crime , as that term is defined in § 23-1331 , and has previously been convicted of a dangerous crime or a crime of violence which was committed while on release pending trial for a local, state, or federal offense;
  (4) Committed a dangerous crime while on release pending trial for a local, state, or federal offense;
  (5) Committed 2 or more dangerous crimes in separate incidents that are joined in the case before the judicial officer;
  (6) [Repealed].
  (7) Violated § 22-4504(a) (carrying a pistol without a license), § 22-4504(a-1) (carrying a rifle or shotgun), § 22-4504(b) (possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime of violence or dangerous crime), or § 22-4503 (unlawful possession of a firearm);
  (8) Violated [ subchapter VIII of Chapter 25 of Title 7 , § 7-2508.01 et seq.], while on probation, parole, or supervised release for committing a dangerous crime or a crime of violence, as these crimes are defined in § 23-1331 , and while armed with or having readily available a firearm, imitation firearm, or other deadly or dangerous weapon as described in § 22-4502(a) ; or
  (9) Committed a crime of violence, as that term is defined in § 23-1331(4) ; except, that robbery where the victim does not sustain a physical injury and burglary in the second degree shall not be subject to the rebuttable presumption of detention under this subsection.
(d) (1) The hearing shall be held immediately upon the person’s first appearance before the judicial officer unless that person, or the attorney for the government, seeks a continuance. Except for good cause, a continuance on motion of the person shall not exceed 5 days, and a continuance on motion of the attorney for the government shall not exceed 3 days. During a continuance, the person shall be detained, and the judicial officer, on motion of the attorney for the government or sua sponte , may order that, while in custody, a person who appears to be an addict receive a medical examination to determine whether the person is an addict, as defined in § 23-1331 .
  (2) At the hearing, the person has the right to be represented by counsel and, if financially unable to obtain adequate representation, to have counsel appointed.
  (3) The person shall be afforded an opportunity to testify. Testimony of the person given during the hearing shall not be admissible on the issue of guilt in any other judicial proceeding, but the testimony shall be admissible in proceedings under §§ 23-1327 , 23-1328 , and 23-1329 , in perjury proceedings, and for the purpose of impeachment in any subsequent proceedings.
  (4) The person shall be afforded an opportunity to present witnesses, to cross-examine witnesses who appear at the hearing, and to present information by proffer or otherwise. The rules concerning admissibility of evidence in criminal trials do not apply to the presentation and consideration of information at the hearing.
  (5) The person shall be detained pending completion of the hearing.
  (6) The hearing may be reopened at any time before trial if the judicial officer finds that information exists that was not known to the movant at the time of the hearing and that has a material bearing on the issue of whether there are conditions of release that will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required or the safety of any other person or the community.
  (7) When a person has been released pursuant to this section and it subsequently appears that the person may be subject to pretrial detention, the attorney for the government may initiate a pretrial detention hearing by ex parte written motion. Upon such motion, the judicial officer may issue a warrant for the arrest of the person and if the person is outside the District of Columbia, the person shall be brought before a judicial officer in the district where the person is arrested and shall then be transferred to the District of Columbia for proceedings in accordance with this section.
(e) The judicial officer shall, in determining whether there are conditions of release that will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of any other person and the community, take into account information available concerning:
  (1) The nature and circumstances of the offense charged, including whether the offense is a crime of violence or dangerous crime as these terms are defined in § 23-1331 , or involves obstruction of justice as defined in § 22-722 ;
  (2) The weight of the evidence against the person;
  (3) The history and characteristics of the person, including:
    (A) The person’s character, physical and mental condition, family ties, employment, financial resources, length of residence in the community, community ties, past conduct, history relating to drug or alcohol abuse, criminal history, and record concerning appearance at court proceedings; and
    (B) Whether, at the time of the current offense or arrest, the person was on probation, on parole, on supervised release, or on other release pending trial, sentencing, appeal, or completion of sentence for an offense under local, state, or federal law; and
  (4) The nature and seriousness of the danger to any person or the community that would be posed by the person’s release.
(f) In a release order issued under § 23-1321(b) or (c), the judicial officer shall:
  (1) Include a written statement that sets forth all the conditions to which the release is subject, in a manner sufficiently clear and specific to serve as a guide for the person’s conduct;
  (2) Advise the person of:
    (A) The penalties for violating a condition of release, including the penalties for committing an offense while on pretrial release;
    (B) The consequences of violating a condition of release, including immediate arrest or issuance of a warrant for the person’s arrest; and
    (C) The provisions of § 22-722 , relating to threats, force, or intimidation of witnesses, jurors, and officers of the court, obstruction of criminal investigations and retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant; and
  (3) Beginning on September 1, 2024, where there is a rebuttable presumption of detention pursuant to either subsection (c) of this section or § 23-1325(a) , the judicial officer shall include a written statement of the reasons for the release, setting forth the evidence that supported the rebuttal of the presumption.
(g) In a detention order issued under subsection (b) of this section, the judicial officer shall:
  (1) Include written findings of fact and a written statement of the reasons for the detention;
  (2) Direct that the person be committed to the custody of the Attorney General of the United States for confinement in a corrections facility separate, to the extent practicable, from persons awaiting or serving sentences or being held in custody pending appeal; provided, that after October 1, 2018, if the person is younger than 18 years of age, direct that the person be transferred to the custody of the Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services, subject to the federal standards under 28 C.F.R. § 115.14;
  (3) Direct that the person be afforded reasonable opportunity for private consultation with counsel; and
  (4) Direct that, on order of a judicial officer or on request of an attorney for the government, the person in charge of the corrections facility in which the person is confined deliver the person to the United States Marshal or other appropriate person for the purpose of an appearance in connection with a court proceeding.
(h) (1) The case of the person detained pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be placed on an expedited calendar and, consistent with the sound administration of justice, the person shall be indicted before the expiration of 90 days, and shall have trial of the case commence before the expiration of 100 days. However, the time within which the person shall be indicted or shall have the trial of the case commence may be extended for one or more additional periods not to exceed 45 days each on the basis of a petition submitted by the attorney for the government and approved by the judicial officer. The additional period or periods of detention may be granted only on the basis of good cause shown, including due diligence and materiality, and shall be granted only for the additional time required to prepare for the expedited indictment and trial of the person. Good cause may include, but is not limited to, the unavailability of an essential witness, the necessity for forensic analysis of evidence, the ability to conduct a joint trial with a co-defendant or co-defendants, severance of co-defendants which permits only one trial to commence within the time period, complex or major investigations, complex or difficult legal issues, scheduling conflicts which arise shortly before the scheduled trial date, the inability to proceed to trial because of action taken by or at the behest of the defendant, an agreement between the government and the defense to dispose of the case by a guilty plea on or after the scheduled trial date, or the breakdown of a plea on or immediately before the trial date, and allowing reasonable time to prepare for an expedited trial after the circumstance giving rise to a tolling or extension of the 100-day period no longer exists. If the time within which the person must be indicted or the trial must commence is tolled or extended, an indictment must be returned at least 10 days before the new trial date.
  (2) For the purposes of determining the maximum period of detention under this section, the period shall begin on the latest of:
    (A) The date the defendant is first detained under subsection (b) of this section by order of a judicial officer of the District of Columbia after arrest;
    (B) The date the defendant is first detained under subsection (b) of this section by order of a judicial officer of the District of Columbia following a re-arrest or order of detention after having been conditionally released under § 23-1321 or after having escaped;
    (C) The date on which the trial of a defendant detained under subsection (b) of this section ends in a mistrial;
    (D) The date on which an order permitting the withdrawal of a guilty plea becomes final;
    (E) The date on which the defendant reasserts his right to an expedited trial following a waiver of that right;
    (F) The date on which the defendant, having previously been found incompetent to stand trial, is found competent to stand trial;
    (G) The date on which an order granting a motion for a new trial becomes final; or
    (H) The date on which the mandate is filed in the Superior Court after a case is reversed on appeal.
  (3) After 100 days, as computed under paragraphs (2) and (4) of this section, or such period or periods of detention as extended under paragraph (1) of this section, the defendant shall be treated in accordance with § 23-1321(a) unless the trial is in progress, has been delayed by the timely filing of motions, excluding motions for continuance, or has been delayed at the request of the defendant.
  (4) In computing the 100 days, the following periods shall be excluded:
    (A) Any period from the filing of the notice of appeal to the issuance of the mandate in an interlocutory appeal;
    (B) Any period attributable to any examination to determine the defendant’s sanity or lack thereof or his or her mental competency or physical capacity to stand trial;
    (C) Any period attributable to the inability of the defendant to participate in his or her defense because of mental incompetency or physical incapacity; and
    (D) Any period in which the defendant is otherwise unavailable for trial.
(i) Nothing in this section shall be construed as modifying or limiting the presumption of innocence.
D.C. Code § 23-591 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-591
§ 23-591. Authority to break and enter under certain conditions.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-312 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-312
§ 23-312. Joinder of indictments or informations for trial.
Status: in_force

The court may order two or more indictments or informations, or both, to be tried together if the offenses, and the defendants if there is more than one, could have been joined in a single indictment or information. The procedure shall be the same as if the prosecution were under such single indictment or information.
D.C. Code § 23-1907 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1907
§ 23-1907. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of this subchapter, the term:
  (1) "DC SANE Program" means the DC Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Program that provides comprehensive medical forensic care to sexual assault victims, including:
    (A) The DC Forensic Nurse Examiners;
    (B) The Child and Adolescent Protection Center; or
    (C) Any other entity within the District that is a member of the SART, or the multidisciplinary investigation team, described in § 4-1301.51 .
  (2) "Forensic nurse examiner" means a nurse with specialized training in medical forensic evidence collection who provides comprehensive medical forensic care to sexual assault victims and participates in the DC SANE Program.
  (3) "Hospital" means a facility that provides 24-hour inpatient care, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and other health-related services, for a variety of physical or mental conditions, and may, in addition, provide outpatient services, particularly emergency care.
  (4) "Interview" means any interview conducted by the MPD or other District agency with a sexual assault victim relating to the alleged sexual assault.
  (5) "MPD" means the Metropolitan Police Department.
  (6) "OVSJG" means the Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants, established pursuant to Mayor's Order 2016-171.
  (7) "PERK" means a Physical Evidence Recovery Kit used to collect and preserve physical evidence related to a sexual assault or alleged sexual assault.
  (8) "SART" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 4-561.01(11) .
  (9) "Sexual assault" means any of the following offenses: §§ 22-1834 (sex trafficking of children); 22-2704 (abducting or enticing child from his or her home for the purposes of prostitution; harboring such child); 22-2705 (pandering; inducing or compelling an individual to engage in prostitution); 22-2706 (compelling an individual to live life of prostitution against his or her will); 22-2708 (causing spouse or domestic partner to live in prostitution); 22-2709 (detaining an individual in disorderly house for debt there contracted); 22-1901 (incest); 22-3002 (first degree sexual abuse); 22-3003 (second degree sexual abuse); 22-3004 (third degree sexual abuse); 22-3005 (fourth degree sexual abuse); 22-3006 (misdemeanor sexual abuse); 22-3008 (first degree child sexual abuse); 22-3009 (second degree child sexual abuse); 22-3009.01 (first degree sexual abuse of a minor); 22-3009.02 (second degree sexual abuse of a minor); 22-3009.03 (first degree sexual abuse of a secondary education student); 22-3009.04 (second degree sexual abuse of a secondary education student); 22-3010 (enticing a child or minor); 22-3010.01 (misdemeanor sexual abuse of a child or minor); 22-3010.02 (arranging for sexual contact with a real or fictitious child); 22-3013 (first degree sexual abuse of a ward, patient, client, or prisoner); 22-3014 (second degree sexual abuse of a ward, patient, client, or prisoner); 22-3015 (first degree sexual abuse of a patient or client); 22-3016 (second degree sexual abuse of a patient or client); 22-3018 (attempts to commit sexual offenses); or 22-3102 (knowingly using a minor in a sexual performance or promoting a sexual performance by a minor).
  (10) "Sexual assault counselor" means an employee, contractor, or volunteer of a community-based organization serving sexual assault victims 13 years of age or older who:
    (A) Renders support, counseling, or assistance to a sexual assault victim;
    (B) Has undergone at least 40 hours of training related to sexual assault counseling using a curriculum approved by the OVSJG that includes instruction on:
      (i) The dynamics and history of sexual assault and gender-based violence;
      (ii) Sex trafficking and other forms of commercial sexual exploitation;
      (iii) Trauma resulting from sexual assault, gender-based violence, and commercial sexual exploitation;
      (iv) Responding to the specific needs of youth sexual assault victims;
      (v) Responding to the specific needs of sexual assault victims with respect to their sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression;
      (vi) Trauma-informed care, crisis intervention, personal safety, and risk management; and
      (vii) Cultural humility;
      (viii) The sexual assault victim advocate dispatch system, developed by OVSJG and approved by the SART, pursuant to § 23-1909(e) ; and
      (ix) Services available to sexual assault victims, including how to access medical forensic care services available through the DC SANE Programs; and
    (C) Is supervised by an individual who has a minimum of:
      (i) 5 years of experience rendering support, counseling, or assistance to sexual assault victims; or
      (ii) 3 years of experience rendering support, counseling, or assistance to sexual assault victims and an advanced degree in a related field.
  (11) "Sexual assault victim" means any individual against whom a sexual assault has been committed or is alleged to have been committed, including:
    (A) Deceased individuals; and
    (B) Representatives appointed by the court to exercise the rights and receive services on behalf of sexual assault victims who are under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased.
  (12) "Sexual assault victim advocate" means an employee or contractor of a community-based organization whose director or their director's designee is a member of the SART and who:
    (A) Is a sexual assault counselor; and
    (B) Has undergone an additional 20 hours of training related to sexual assault victim advocacy using a curriculum approved by the OVSJG that includes instruction on:
      (i) The District's criminal justice system;
      (ii) Crime victims' rights; and
      (iii) Avoiding the unauthorized practice of law.
  (13) "Sexual Assault Victim's Rights Card" means a document, published by OVSJG in consultation with the SART, printed in the most widely spoken languages in the District, that advises sexual assault victims of their rights under this subchapter .
  (14) "Sexual assault youth victim advocate" means an employee or contractor of a community-based organization whose director or the director's designee is a member of the SART and who:
    (A) Qualifies as a sexual assault victim advocate; and
    (B) Has undergone an additional 20 hours of training related to youth sexual assault victim advocacy using a curriculum approved by the OVSJG that includes instruction on:
      (i) Providing services to sexual assault victims under the age of 18, including the different needs of children and adolescents;
      (ii) Navigating family dynamics in the context of providing services to children and adolescents who have experienced sexual assault;
      (iii) The co-occurrence of child abuse in children and adolescents who have experienced sexual assault; and
      (iv) Children's susceptibility to suggestive questioning, the impact suggestive questions have on criminal investigations and prosecutions, and techniques for minimizing the potential for suggestibility.
D.C. Code § 23-1109 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1109
§ 23-1109. Giving advance information of proposed raid prohibited.
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any police officer or other public official, in advance of any raid by police or other peace officers or public officials or the execution of any search warrant or warrant of arrest, to give or furnish, either directly or indirectly, any information concerning the proposed raid or arrest to any person engaged in any manner in the bonding business, or to any attorney at law; but it shall not be unlawful for any police or other peace officer, in conducting any raid or in executing any search warrant or warrant of arrest, to communicate to any attorney at law or person engaged in the bonding business, any fact necessary to enable the officer to obtain from the attorney at law or person engaged in the bonding business information necessary to enable the officer to carry out the raid or execute the process.
D.C. Code § 23-108 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-108
§ 23-108. Depositions.
Status: in_force

(a) If a material witness for either the prosecution or the defendant resides more than twenty-five miles from the place of holding court, is sick or infirm, or is about to leave the District of Columbia, and the prosecution or the defendant applies in writing to the court for a commission to examine such witness, the court may grant the commission, and enter an order stating for what length of time notice shall be given to the other party before such witness shall be examined. At or before the time fixed in the notice, when the examination is upon written interrogatories, the other party may file cross-interrogatories. When the examination is conducted orally, the other party may cross-examine the deponent. If the other party fails to file written interrogatories or fails to attend an oral examination, the clerk shall file the following interrogatories:
“(1) Are all your statements in the foregoing answers made from your own personal knowledge? If not, show what is stated upon information and give its source.
“(2) State everything you know in addition to what is stated in your above answers concerning this case favorable to either the prosecution or the defendant.”
(b) The court may order in any case that the examination be conducted orally.
(c) The commission shall issue from the clerk’s office, the examination of the witnesses shall be made and certified, and the return thereof made in the same manner as in civil cases, and unimportant irregularities or errors in the proceedings under the commission shall not cause the deposition to be excluded where no substantial prejudice can be wrought to the prosecution or the defendant by such irregularities or errors.
(d) Copies of the depositions or answers to interrogatories shall be made available to all of the parties upon the completion of the examination.
D.C. Code § 23-1908 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1908
§ 23-1908. Sexual assault victims' rights.
Status: in_force

(a) In addition to the rights set forth in subchapter I of this chapter , a sexual assault victim shall have the right to have:
  (1) A PERK performed at no cost;
  (2) To have their PERK and any additional probative or evidentiary contents preserved, without charge, for 65 years from the date the crime is first reported to the law enforcement agency, as that term is defined in § 5-113.31(9) ;
  (3) For sexual assault victims 18 years of age or older, a sexual assault victim advocate, and for sexual assault victims ages 13 to 17, a sexual assault youth victim advocate, present during any:
    (A) Forensic medical, evidentiary, or physical examination;
    (B) Point during the hospital visit; provided, that the presence of a sexual assault victim advocate or a sexual assault youth victim advocate does not pose health or safety risks to the sexual assault victim, the sexual assault victim advocate, or the sexual assault youth victim advocate; and
    (C) Interview.
(b) A sexual assault victim shall have the rights provided in subsection (a)(3) of this section even if the sexual assault victim previously declined the presence of a sexual assault victim advocate or a sexual assault youth victim advocate.
D.C. Code § 23-1106 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1106
§ 23-1106. Posting names of authorized bondsmen; list to be furnished prisoners; prisoners may communicate with bondsmen; record to be kept by police.
Status: in_force

A typewritten or printed list alphabetically arranged of all persons engaged under the authority of any of the courts of criminal jurisdiction in the District of Columbia in the business of becoming surety upon bonds for compensation in criminal cases shall be posted in a conspicuous place in each police precinct, jail, prisoner’s dock, house of detention, and every other place in the District of Columbia in which persons in custody of the law are detained, and one or more copies thereof kept on hand; and when a person who is detained in custody in a place of detention shall request a person in charge thereof to furnish him the name of a bondsman, or to put him in communication with a bondsman, the list shall be furnished to the person in charge of the place of detention within a reasonable time to put the person detained in communication with the bondsman selected, and the person in charge of the place of detention shall contemporaneously with that transaction make in the blotter or book of record kept in the place of detention, a record showing the name of the person requesting the bondsman, the offense with which the person is charged, the time at which the request was made, the bondsman requested, and the person by whom the bondsman was called, and preserve that as a permanent record in the book or blotter in which entered.
D.C. Code § 23-1324 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1324
§ 23-1324. Appeal from conditions of release.
Status: in_force

(a) A person who is detained, or whose release on a condition requiring him to return to custody after specified hours is continued, after review of his application pursuant to § 23-1321(c)(4) by a judicial officer, other than a judge of the court having original jurisdiction over the offense with which he is charged or a judge of a United States court of appeals or a Justice of the Supreme Court, may move the court having original jurisdiction over the offense with which he is charged to amend the order. Such motion shall be determined promptly.
(b) In any case in which a person is detained after (1) a court denies a motion under subsection (a) to amend an order imposing conditions of release, (2) conditions of release have been imposed or amended by a judge of the court having original jurisdiction over the offense charged, or (3) he is ordered detained or an order for his detention has been permitted to stand by a judge of the court having original jurisdiction over the offense charged, an appeal may be taken to the court having appellate jurisdiction over such court. Any order so appealed shall be affirmed if it is supported by the proceedings below. If the order is not so supported, the court may remand the case for a further hearing, or may, with or without additional evidence, order the person released pursuant to section 23-1321(a). The appeal shall be determined promptly.
(c) In any case in which a judicial officer other than a judge of the court having original jurisdiction over the offense with which a person is charged orders his release with or without setting terms or conditions of release, or denies a motion for the pretrial detention of a person, the United States attorney may move the court having original jurisdiction over the offense to amend or revoke the order. Such motion shall be considered promptly.
(d) In any case in which —
  (1) a person is released, with or without the setting of terms or conditions of release, or a motion for the pretrial detention of a person is denied, by a judge of the court having original jurisdiction over the offense with which the person is charged, or
  (2) a judge of a court having such original jurisdiction does not grant the motion of the United States attorney filed pursuant to subsection (c),
the United States attorney may appeal to the court having appellate jurisdiction over such court. Any order so appealed shall be affirmed if it is supported by the proceedings below. If the order is not so supported, (A) the court may remand the case for a further hearing, (B) with or without additional evidence, change the terms or conditions of release, or (C) in cases in which the United States attorney requested pretrial detention pursuant to sections 23-1322   and 23-1323  , order such detention.
D.C. Code § 23-1905 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1905
§ 23-1905. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For purposes of this section,
(1) The term “community” means a formal or informal association or group of people living, working, or attending school in the same place or neighborhood and sharing common interests arising from social, business, religious, governmental, scholastic, or recreational associations.
(1A) The term “community impact statement” means a written statement that provides information about the social, financial, emotional, and physical effects of the defendant or crime on the community.
(1B) The term “court” means the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
(2) (A) The term “victim” or “crime victim” means a person who or entity which has suffered direct physical, emotional, or pecuniary harm:
    (i) As a result of the commission of any felony or misdemeanor in violation of any criminal statute in the District of Columbia;
    (ii) While assisting lawfully to apprehend a person reasonably suspected of having committed or attempted a crime;
    (iii) While assisting a person against whom a crime has been committed or attempted if the assistance was rendered in a reasonable manner; or
    (iv) While attempting to prevent the commission of a crime.
  (B) In the case of a victim or crime victim:
    (i) That is an institutional entity, the term “victim” or “crime victim” includes an authorized representative of the entity.
    (ii) Who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the term “victim” or “crime victim” includes a representative appointed by the court to exercise the rights and receive the services set forth in this chapter on behalf of the victim.
  (C) The term “victim” shall not include any person who committed or aided or abetted in the commission of the crime.
D.C. Code § 23-1323 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1323
§ 23-1323. Detention of addict.
Status: in_force

(a) Whenever it appears that a person charged with a crime of violence, as defined in section 23-1331(4), may be an addict, as defined in section 23-1331(5), the judicial officer may, upon motion of the United States attorney, order such person detained in custody for a period not to exceed three calendar days, under medical supervision, to determine whether the person is an addict.
(b) Upon or before the expiration of three calendar days, the person shall be brought before a judicial officer and the results of the determination shall be presented to such judicial officer. The judicial officer thereupon (1) shall treat the person in accordance with section 23-1321, or (2) upon motion of the United States attorney, may (A) hold a hearing pursuant to section 23-1322, or (B) hold a hearing pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.
(c) A person who is an addict may be ordered detained in custody under medical supervision if the judicial officer —
  (1) holds a pretrial detention hearing in accordance with § 23-1322(d) ;
  (2) finds that —
    (A) there is clear and convincing evidence that the person is an addict;
    (B) based on the factors set out in § 23-1322(e) , there is no condition or combination of conditions of release which will reasonably assure the safety of any other person or the community; and
    (C) on the basis of information presented to the judicial officer by proffer or otherwise, there is a substantial probability that the person committed the offense for which he is present before the judicial officer; and
  (3) issues an order of detention accompanied by written findings of fact and the reasons for its entry.
(d) The provisions of § 23-1322(h) shall apply to this section.
D.C. Code § 23-115 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-115
§ 23-115. Limits on defenses that justify, excuse, or mitigate a defendant's conduct on the basis of a victim's gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation.
Status: in_force

(a) In any prosecution, criminal proceeding, or criminal trial, when applicable to the offense charged, for the purposes of proving:
  (1) Heat of passion caused by adequate provocation, a defendant's provocation was not objectively adequate if it was based on discovery of, knowledge about, or the potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation;
  (2) Insanity, the defendant did not lack substantial capacity if the mental disease or defect at issue was based on discovery of, knowledge about, or the potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation; or
  (3) Self-defense, defense of others, or defense of property, the defendant was not justified in using force if the basis for their belief in imminent danger was based on discovery of, knowledge about, or the potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation.
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the defense may present evidence of prior trauma to the defendant for the purposes of excusing or justifying the defendant's conduct or mitigating the severity of the offense.
D.C. Code § 23-1105 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1105
§ 23-1105. Receiving other than regular fee for bonding prohibited; bondsmen prohibited from endeavoring to secure dismissal or settlement.
Status: in_force

It shall be lawful to charge for executing a bond in a criminal case in the District of Columbia, but it shall be unlawful for a bondsman, either directly or indirectly, to charge, accept, or receive a sum of money, or other thing of value, other than the regular fee for bonding, from a person for whom he has executed bond, for any other service whatever performed in connection with any indictment, information, or charge upon which the person is bailed or held in the District of Columbia. It also shall be unlawful for any bondsman to settle, or attempt to settle, or to procure or attempt to procure the dismissal of any indictment, information, or charge against any person in custody or held upon bond in the District of Columbia, with a court, or with the prosecuting attorney in a court in the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 23-1701 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / § 23-1701
§ 23-1701. Capital punishment.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-1111 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1111
§ 23-1111. Penalties.
Status: in_force

Any person violating any provision of this chapter shall be fined not less than $50 and not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ], or imprisoned for not less than ten nor more than sixty days, or both, where no other penalty is provided by this chapter; and if the person so convicted is (1) a police officer or other public official, he shall upon recommendation of the trial judge also be forthwith dismissed from office, (2) a bondsman, he shall be disqualified from thereafter engaging in any manner in the bonding business for such a period of time as the trial judge shall order, or (3) an attorney at law, he shall be subject to suspension or disbarment as attorney at law.
D.C. Code § 23-582 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-582
§ 23-582. Arrests without warrant by other persons.
Status: in_force

(a) A special policeman shall have the same powers as a law enforcement officer to arrest without warrant for offenses committed within premises to which his jurisdiction extends, and may arrest outside the premises on fresh pursuit for offenses committed on the premises.
(b) A private person may arrest another —
  (1) who he has probable cause to believe is committing in his presence —
    (A) a felony; or
    (B) an offense enumerated in section 23-581(a)(2); or
  (2) in aid of a law enforcement officer or special policeman, or other person authorized by law to make an arrest.
(c) Any person making an arrest pursuant to this section shall deliver the person arrested to a law enforcement officer without unreasonable delay.
D.C. Code § 23-524 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-524
§ 23-524. Execution of search warrants.
Status: in_force

(a) An officer executing a warrant directing a search of a dwelling house or other building or a vehicle shall execute such warrant in accordance with section 3109 of Title 18, United States Code.
(b) An officer executing a warrant directing a search of a person shall give, or make reasonable effort to give, notice of his identity and purpose to the person, and, if such person thereafter resists or refuses to permit the search, such person shall be subject to arrest by such officer pursuant to section 23-581(a) for violation of section 432 of the Revised Statutes of the United States relating to the District of Columbia (D.C. Official Code, sec. 22-405) (resisting a police officer) or other applicable provision of law.
(c) (1) An officer or agent executing a search warrant shall write and subscribe an inventory setting forth the time of the execution of the search warrant and the property seized under it.
  (2) If the search is of a person, a copy of the warrant and of the return shall be given to that person.
  (3) If the search is of a place, vehicle, or object, a copy of the warrant and of the return shall be given to the owner thereof if he is present, or if he is not, to an occupant, custodian, or other person present; or if no person is present, the officer shall post a copy of the warrant and of the return upon the premises, vehicle, or object searched.
(d) A copy of the warrant shall be filed with the court whose judge or magistrate authorized its issuance on the next court day after its execution, together with a copy of the return.
(e) An officer or agent executing a search warrant may seize any property discovered in the course of the lawful execution of such warrant if he has probable cause to believe that such property is subject to seizure under section 23-521(d), even if the property is not enumerated in the warrant or the application therefor, and no additional warrant shall be required to authorize such seizure, if the property is fully set forth in the return. Such seizure may include taking physical or other impressions or performing chemical, scientific, or other tests or experiments.
(f) An officer or agent executing a search warrant may take photographs and measurements during the execution.
(g) An officer executing a warrant directing a search of premises or a vehicle may search any person therein (1) to the extent reasonably necessary to protect himself or others from the use of any weapon which may be concealed upon the person, or (2) to the extent reasonably necessary to find property enumerated in the warrant which may be concealed upon the person.
D.C. Code § 23-543 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-543
§ 23-543. Possession, sale, distribution, manufacture, assembly, and advertising of wire or oral communication intercepting devices prohibited.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in subsection (b) of this section, any person who in the District of Columbia —
  (1) willfully possesses, sells, distributes, manufactures, or assembles an intercepting device, the design of which renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of a wire or oral communication; or
  (2) willfully places in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement of —
    (A) any intercepting device, the design of which renders it primarily useful for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of a wire or oral communication; or
    (B) any intercepting device where such advertisement promotes the use of such device for the purpose of the surreptitious interception of a wire or oral communication;
  shall be fined not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01] or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(b) It shall not be unlawful under this section for —
  (1) a communication common carrier or an officer, agent, or employee of, or a person under contract with a communication common carrier, in the usual course of the communication common carrier’s business; or
  (2) a person under contract with the Government of the United States, a State or a political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or an officer, agent, or employee of the Government of the United States, a State or a political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia;
to possess, sell, distribute, manufacture or assemble, or advertise any intercepting device, while acting in furtherance of the appropriate activities of the United States, a State or political subdivision thereof, the District of Columbia, or a communication common carrier.
D.C. Code § 23-1703 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / § 23-1703
§ 23-1703. Sentences to be in writing and certified copy furnished.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-525 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-525
§ 23-525. Disposition of property.
Status: in_force

A law enforcement officer or a designated civilian employee of the Metropolitan Police Department who seizes property in the execution of a search warrant shall cause it to be safely kept for use as evidence. No property seized shall be released or destroyed except in accordance with law and upon order of a court or of the United States attorney or Corporation Counsel for the District of Columbia [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or one of their assistants.
D.C. Code § 23-1502 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / § 23-1502
§ 23-1502. Hearing on recall of out-of-State witnesses by State courts; determination; travel allowance; penalty.
Status: in_force

(a) If a judge of a court of record in any State which by its laws has made provision for commanding persons within that State to attend and testify in the District of Columbia certifies under the seal of the court (1) that there is a criminal prosecution pending in that court, or that a grand jury investigation has commenced or is about to commence, (2) that a person within the District of Columbia is a material witness in the prosecution or grand jury investigation, and (3) that his presence will be required for a specified number of days, upon presentation of that certificate to any judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, except as provided in subsection (c), such judge shall fix a time and place for a hearing, and shall make an order directing the witness to appear at a time and place certain for the hearing.
(b) If at the hearing the judge determines that the witness is material and necessary, that it will not cause undue hardship to the witness to attend and testify in the prosecution or grand jury investigation in the requesting State, and that the laws of such State and of any other State through which the witness may be required to pass by ordinary course of travel, will give to him protection from arrest and the service of civil and criminal process, he shall issue a summons, with a copy of the certificate attached, directing the witness to attend and testify in the prosecution or grand jury investigation, as the case may be, at a time and place specified in the summons. In any such hearing the certificate shall be prima facie evidence of all the facts stated therein.
(c) If the certificate presented under subsection (a) recommends that the witness be taken into immediate custody and delivered to an officer of the requesting State to assure his attendance, in the requesting State, the judge may in lieu of notification of hearing, direct that the witness be forthwith brought before him for a hearing. If the judge at the hearing is satisfied of the desirability of the custody and delivery of the witness, he may, in lieu of issuing subpoena or summons, order the witness to be forthwith taken into custody and delivered to an officer of the requesting State. The certificate shall be prima facie proof of the desirability of the custody and delivery of the witness.
(d) Any witness who is summoned as above provided and, after being paid or tendered by some properly authorized person the fees and allowances authorized for witnesses in criminal cases in United States district courts, fails without good cause to attend and testify as directed in the summons, shall be punished in the manner provided for the punishment of any witness who disobeys a summons issued from the Superior Court.
D.C. Code § 23-1329 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1329
§ 23-1329. Penalties for violation of conditions of release.
Status: in_force

(a) A person who has been conditionally released pursuant to section 23-1321 and who has violated a condition of release shall be subject to revocation of release, an order of detention, including an order of temporary detention pursuant to subsections (d-1) and (e) of this section, and prosecution for contempt of court.
(a-1) In addition to any other penalty provided under this section, a person may be fined an amount not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ].
(b) (1) Proceedings for revocation of release and temporary placement in custody may be initiated at the request of the Pretrial Services Agency, on motion of the prosecutor, or on the court’s own motion. A warrant for the arrest of a person charged with violating a condition of release may be issued by a judicial officer and if such person is outside the District of Columbia he shall be brought before a judicial officer in the district where he is arrested and shall then be transferred to the District of Columbia for proceedings in accordance with this section. No order of revocation and detention shall be entered unless, after a hearing, the judicial officer:
    (A) Finds that there is:
      (i) Probable cause to believe that the person has committed a federal, state, or local crime while on release; or
      (ii) Clear and convincing evidence that the person has violated any other condition of his release; and
    (B) Finds that:
      (i) Based on the factors set out in § 23-1322(e) , there is no condition or combination of conditions of release which will reasonably assure that the person will not flee or pose a danger to any other person or the community; or
      (ii) The person is unlikely to abide by a condition or conditions of release.
  (2) If there is probable cause to believe that while on release, the person committed a dangerous or violent crime, as defined by § 23-1331 , or a substantially similar offense under the laws of any other jurisdiction, a rebuttable presumption arises that no condition or combination of conditions will assure the safety of any other person or the community.
  (3) The provisions of § 23-1322(d) and (h) shall apply to this subsection.
(c) Contempt sanctions may be imposed if, upon a hearing and in accordance with principles applicable to proceedings for criminal contempt, it is established that such person has intentionally violated a condition of his release. Such contempt proceedings shall be expedited and heard by the court without a jury. Any person found guilty of criminal contempt for violation of a condition of release shall be imprisoned for not more than six months, or fined not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ], or both. A judicial officer or a prosecutor may initiate a proceeding for contempt under this section.
(d) Any warrant issued by a judge of the Superior Court for violation of release conditions or for contempt of court, for failure to appear as required, or pursuant to § 23-1322(d)(7) , may be executed at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States. Such warrants shall be executed by a United States marshal or by any other officer authorized by law.
(d-1) (1) A person who has been conditionally released and who violates a condition of that release by violating  a stay-away order or an order to wear a detection device, may be ordered by the court, in addition to or in lieu of the penalties prescribed in subsections (a) through (d) of this section, to temporary placement in custody for a maximum of 72 hours, when, in the opinion of the court, such action is necessary to ensure compliance with the conditions of release.
  (2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection shall apply only to a person who has been charged with an offense enumerated in § 23-1331(3) or (4) ; provided, that it shall not include offenses under § 23-1331(3)(B) or (C) .
(e) A person who has been conditionally released and who violates a condition of that release by using a controlled substance or by failing to comply with the prescribed treatment for use of a controlled substance, may be ordered by the court, in addition to or in lieu of the penalties and procedures prescribed in subsections (a) through (d) of this section, to temporary placement in custody, when, in the opinion of the court, such action is necessary for treatment or to assure compliance with conditions of release. A person shall not be subject to an order of temporary detention under this subsection, unless before any such violation and order, the person has agreed in writing to the imposition of such an order as a sanction for the person’s violation of a condition of release.
(f) (1) Within 180 days of the effective date of this act [June 12, 2001], the Department of Corrections, in consultation with the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency, and the Pretrial Services Agency, shall promulgate regulations, in accordance with [ Chapter 5 of Title 2 ] to establish standards of conduct and discipline for persons released pursuant to § 23-1321(c)(1)(B)(xi) . Such regulations shall set forth sanctions for different kinds of violations, up to and including revocation of release and detention.
  (2) If a person who has been released pursuant to § 23-1321(c)(1)(B)(xi) violates a standard of conduct for which the sanction is revocation of release, the Department of Corrections may take the person into its custody or, if necessary, apply for a warrant for the person’s arrest.
  (3) The Department of Corrections shall immediately notify the Superior Court of the District of Columbia (“the Court”) of the detention of the person and request an order for the person to be brought before the Court without unnecessary delay. An affidavit stating the basis for the person’s remand to the jail shall be filed forthwith with the Court.
  (4) If, based on the affidavit described in paragraph (3) of this subsection, the Court finds probable cause to believe that the person violated a standard of conduct for which a sanction is revocation of release, it shall schedule a hearing for revocation of release under subsection (b) of this section and shall detain the person pending completion of the hearing.
  (5) If, based on the affidavit described in paragraph (3) of this subsection, the Court does not find probable cause to believe that the person violated a standard of conduct for which the sanction is revocation of release, it shall order the release of the person with the original or modified conditions of release.
D.C. Code § 23-104 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-104
§ 23-104. Appeals by United States and District of Columbia.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal an order, entered before the trial of a person charged with a criminal offense, which directs the return of seized property, suppresses evidence, or otherwise denies the prosecutor the use of evidence at trial, if the United States attorney or the Corporation Counsel [now Attorney General for the District of Columbia] conducting the prosecution for such violation certifies to the judge who granted such motion that the appeal is not taken for purpose of delay and the evidence is a substantial proof of the charge pending against the defendant.
  (2) A motion for return of seized property or to suppress evidence shall be made before trial unless opportunity therefor did not exist or the defendant was not aware of the grounds for the motion.
(b) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal a ruling made during the trial of a person charged with a criminal offense which suppresses or otherwise denies the prosecutor the use of evidence on the ground that it was invalidly obtained, if the United States attorney or the Corporation Counsel [now Attorney General for the District of Columbia] conducting the prosecution for such violation certifies to the judge who made the ruling that the appeal is not taken for purpose of delay and that the evidence is a substantial proof of the charge being tried against the defendant. The trial court shall adjourn the trial until the appeal shall be resolved; except that, if the decision on appeal has not been rendered within the ninety-six-hour period following the adjournment of the trial, the trial shall resume on the next day of regular court business following the expiration of the ninety-six-hour period, and the appeal shall be deemed void and without effect.
(c) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal an order dismissing an indictment or information or otherwise terminating a prosecution in favor of a defendant or defendants as to one or more counts thereof, except where there is an acquittal on the merits.
(d) The United States or the District of Columbia may appeal any other ruling made during the trial of a person charged with an offense which the United States attorney or the Corporation Counsel [now Attorney General for the District of Columbia] certifies as involving a substantial and recurring question of law which requires appellate resolution. Such an appeal may be taken only during the trial and only with leave of the court. The trial court shall adjourn the trial until the appeal shall be resolved; except that, if the decision on appeal has not been rendered within the ninety-six-hour period following the adjournment of the trial, the trial shall resume on the next day of regular court business following the expiration of the ninety-six-hour period, and the appeal shall be deemed void and without effect.
(d-1) In a criminal or delinquency case, the United States or the District of Columbia may appeal an order of a trial court granting a new trial after verdict or judgment, as to any one or more counts, or any part thereof, except that no appeal shall lie where the double jeopardy clause of the United States Constitution prohibits further prosecution.
(d-2) In a criminal or delinquency case, the United States or the District of Columbia may appeal a decision or order entered by the trial court granting the release of a person charged with, or convicted or adjudicated delinquent of an offense, the denial of a motion for revocation of release, or modification of the conditions of release.
(e) Any appeal taken pursuant to this section either before or during trial shall be expedited. If an appeal is taken pursuant to subsection (b), (d), (d-1), or (d-2) during trial, the appellate court shall hear argument on such appeal within forty-eight hours of the adjournment of the trial pursuant to that subsection shall dispense with any requirement of written briefs other than the supporting materials previously submitted to the trial court, shall render its decision within forty-eight hours of argument on appeal, and may dispense with the issuance of a written opinion in rendering its decision. Such appeal and decision shall not affect the right of the defendant, in a subsequent appeal from a judgment of conviction, to claim as error reversal by the trial court on remand of a ruling appealed from during trial.
(f) Pending the prosecution and determination of an appeal taken pursuant to this section, the defendant shall be detained or released in accordance with Chapter 13 of this title and a juvenile respondent shall be detained or released in accordance with Chapter 23 of Title 16 .
D.C. Code § 23-322 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-322
§ 23-322. Intent to defraud.
Status: in_force

In an indictment or information in which it is necessary to allege an intent to defraud, it shall be sufficient to allege that the party accused did the act complained of with intent to defraud, without alleging an intent to defraud any particular person or body corporate. On the trial of such an indictment or information it shall not be necessary to prove an intent to defraud any particular person, but it shall be sufficient to prove a general intent to defraud.
D.C. Code § 23-1330 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1330
§ 23-1330. Contempt.
Status: in_force

Nothing in this subchapter shall interfere with or prevent the exercise by any court of the United States of its power to punish for contempt.
D.C. Code § 23-1501 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / § 23-1501
§ 23-1501. Definitions.
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter —
(1) The term “witness” includes a person whose testimony is desired in any proceeding or investigation by a grand jury or in a criminal action, prosecution, or proceeding.
(2) The term “State” includes the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
(3) The term “summons” includes a subpoena, order, or other notice requiring the appearance of a witness.
D.C. Code § 23-533 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-533
§ 23-533. Rules.
Status: in_force

The Chief of Police, in consultation with the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia and the Corporation Counsel, shall promulgate regulations to implement this subchapter within 60 days of the effective date of this act [October 4, 2000].
D.C. Code § 23-101 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-101
§ 23-101. Conduct of prosecutions.
Status: in_force

(a) Prosecutions for violations of all police or municipal ordinances or regulations and for violations of all penal statutes in the nature of police or municipal regulations, where the maximum punishment is a fine only, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, shall be conducted in the name of the District of Columbia by the Corporation Counsel for the District of Columbia [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or his assistants, except as otherwise provided in such ordinance, regulation, or statute, or in this section.
(b) Prosecutions for violations of section 6 of the Act of July 29, 1892 (D.C. Official Code, sec. 22-1307), relating to disorderly conduct, and for violations of section 9 of that Act (D.C. Official Code, sec. 22-1312), relating to lewd, indecent, or obscene acts, shall be conducted in the name of the District of Columbia by the Corporation Counsel [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or his assistants.
(c) All other criminal prosecutions shall be conducted in the name of the United States by the United States attorney for the District of Columbia or his assistants, except as otherwise provided by law.
(d) An indictment or information brought in the name of the United States may include, in addition to offenses prosecutable by the United States, offenses prosecutable by the District of Columbia, and such prosecution may be conducted either solely by the Corporation Counsel [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or his assistants or solely by the United States attorney or his assistants if the other prosecuting authority consents.
(e) Separate indictments or informations, or both, charging offenses prosecutable by the District of Columbia and by the United States may be joined for trial if the offenses charged therein could have been joined in the same indictment. Such prosecution may be conducted either solely by the Corporation Counsel [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or his assistants or solely by the United States attorney or his assistants if the other prosecuting authority consents.
(f) If in any case any question shall arise as to whether, under this section, the prosecution should be conducted by the Corporation Counsel [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or by the United States attorney, the presiding judge shall forthwith, either on his own motion or upon suggestion of the Corporation Counsel [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or the United States attorney, certify the case to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, which court shall hear and determine the question in a summary way. In every such case the defendant or defendants shall have the right to be heard in the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. The decision of such court shall be final.
D.C. Code § 23-521 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-521
§ 23-521. Nature and issuance of search warrants.
Status: in_force

(a) Under circumstances described in this subchapter, a judicial officer may issue a search warrant upon application of a law enforcement officer or prosecutor. A warrant may authorize a search to be conducted anywhere in the District of Columbia and may be executed pursuant to its terms.
(b) A search warrant may direct a search of any or all of the following:
  (1) one or more designated or described places or premises;
  (2) one or more designated or described vehicles;
  (3) one or more designated or described physical objects; or
  (4) designated persons.
(c) A search warrant may direct the seizure of designated property or kinds of property, and the seizure may include, to such extent as is reasonable under all the circumstances, taking physical or other impressions, or performing chemical, scientific, or other tests or experiments of, from, or upon designated premises, vehicles, or objects.
(d) Property is subject to seizure pursuant to a search warrant if there is probable cause to believe that it —
  (1) is stolen or embezzled;
  (2) is contraband or otherwise illegally possessed;
  (3) has been used or is possessed for the purpose of being used, or is designed or intended to be used, to commit or conceal the commission of a criminal offense; or
  (4) constitutes evidence of or tends to demonstrate the commission of an offense, the identity of a person participating in the commission of an offense, or the identity of a person who is the victim of a crime.
(e) A search warrant may be addressed to a specific law enforcement officer or to any classification of officers of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia or other agency authorized to make arrests or execute process in the District of Columbia.
(f) A search warrant shall contain —
  (1) the name of the issuing court, the name and signature of the issuing judicial officer, and the date of issuance;
  (2) if the warrant is addressed to a specific officer, the name of that officer, otherwise, the classifications of officers to whom the warrant is addressed;
  (3) a designation of the premises, vehicles, objects, or persons to be searched, sufficient for certainty of identification;
  (4) a description of the property whose seizure is the object of the warrant;
  (5) a direction that the warrant be executed during the hours of daylight or, where the judicial officers have found cause therefor, including one of the grounds set forth in section 23-522(c)(1), an authorization for execution at any time of day or night; and
  (6) a direction that the warrant and an inventory of any property seized pursuant thereto be returned to the court on the next court day after its execution.
D.C. Code § 23-301 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-301
§ 23-301. Prosecution by indictment or information.
Status: in_force

An offense prosecuted in the Superior Court which may be punished by death shall be prosecuted by indictment returned by a grand jury. An offense which may be punished by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year shall be prosecuted by indictment, but it may be prosecuted by information if the defendant, after he has been advised of the nature of the charge and of his rights, waives in open court prosecution by indictment. Any other offense may be prosecuted by indictment or by information. An information subscribed by the proper prosecuting officer may be filed without leave of court.
D.C. Code § 23-1107 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1107
§ 23-1107. Bondsmen prohibited from entering place of detention unless requested by prisoner; record of visit to be kept.
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for a bondsman to enter a police precinct, jail, prisoner’s dock, house of detention, or other place where persons in the custody of the law are detained in the District of Columbia for the purpose of obtaining employment as a bondsman, without having been previously called by a person detained or by some relative or other authorized person acting for or on behalf of the person detained. Whenever a bondsman enters a police precinct, jail, prisoner’s dock, house of detention, or other place where persons in the custody of the law are detained in the District of Columbia, he shall forthwith give to the person in charge thereof his mission there and the name of the person calling him and requesting him to come to such place. That information shall be recorded by the person in charge of the place of detention and preserved as a public record, and the failure of the bondsman to give that information, or the failure of the person in charge of the place of detention to make and preserve a record of that information, shall constitute a violation of this chapter.
D.C. Code § 23-1909 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1909
§ 23-1909. Sexual assault victim advocates and sexual assault youth victim advocates; sexual assault victim advocate dispatch system.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) Hospitals shall, if a sexual assault victim who is 13 years of age or older consents, immediately notify the sexual assault victim advocate dispatch system before beginning any forensic medical, evidentiary, or physical examination arising out of a sexual assault or an alleged sexual assault.
  (2) A sexual assault victim advocate shall, for sexual assault victims 18 years of age or older, and a sexual assault youth victim advocate shall, for sexual assault victims ages 13 to 17, inform the sexual assault victim of their rights under this subchapter.
(b) The MPD shall, for a person known or suspected to be a sexual assault victim 13 years of age or older:
  (1) Upon making, provide to that person a Sexual Assault Victim's Rights Card;
  (2) Before beginning an interview, advise the person of a sexual assault victim's right to either a sexual assault victim advocate, if the sexual assault victim is 18 years of age or older, or a sexual assault youth victim advocate, if the sexual assault victim is ages 13 to 17;
  (3) If a sexual assault victim asserts their right to a sexual assault victim advocate or a sexual assault youth victim advocate, only conduct a minimal facts interview before the sexual assault victim consults with the advocate; and
  (4) If a sexual assault victim declines their right to a sexual assault victim advocate or sexual assault youth victim advocate, notify the sexual assault victim of their right to have a sexual assault victim advocate or a sexual assault youth victim advocate present as provided in § 23-1908 .
(c) (1) By June 1, 2020, the independent expert consultant, as that term is defined in § 4-561.01(6) , shall submit to the MPD a report making recommendations on the scope of a minimal facts inquiry.
  (2) (A) By April 1, 2020, the independent expert consultant shall provide a draft of the report making recommendations on the scope of a minimal facts inquiry to the SART.
    (B) SART members may provide to the independent expert consultant written comments in response to that draft report within a reasonable period of time, to be determined by the independent expert consultant, but not less than one month.
  (3) The independent expert consultant shall consider all written comments that are timely received from SART members under paragraph (2)(B) of this subsection and submit its final report to the MPD based on the comments received.
  (4) The MPD shall, within 60 days after receiving the independent expert consultant's final report, issue a general order regarding the scope of a minimal facts inquiry.
(d) The MPD's duties described in subsection (b) of this section shall:
  (1) For sexual assault victims ages 13 to 17, be performed by a member of MPD's Youth Division; and
  (2) For sexual assault victims 18 years of age or older, be performed by a member of MPD's Sexual Assault Unit.
(e) (1) There is established a sexual assault victim advocate dispatch system that:
    (A) For a sexual assault victim ages 13 to 17:
      (i) Dispatches a sexual assault youth victim advocate to settings in which the sexual assault victim has the right to a sexual assault youth victim advocate's presence pursuant to § 23-1908(a)(3) ; or
      (ii) Provides the sexual assault victim with electronic access, including telephonic access, to a sexual assault youth victim advocate:
        (I) In settings or during times in which dispatching a sexual assault youth victim advocate is impracticable; or
        (II) Upon the sexual assault victim's request; and
    (B) For a sexual assault victim 18 years of age or older:
      (i) Dispatches a sexual assault victim advocate to settings in which the sexual assault victim has the right to a sexual assault victim advocate's presence pursuant to § 23-1908(a)(3) ; or
      (ii) Provides the sexual assault victim with electronic access, including telephonic access, to a sexual assault victim advocate:
        (I) In settings or during times in which dispatching a sexual assault advocate is impracticable; or
        (II) Upon the sexual assault victim's request.
  (2) The sexual assault victim advocate dispatch system shall be developed by OVSJG and approved by the SART.
D.C. Code § 23-1901 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1901
§ 23-1901. Crime victims’ bill of rights.
Status: in_force

(a) Officers or employees of the District of Columbia engaged in the detection, investigation, or prosecution of crime or the judicial process shall make their best efforts to see that victims of crime are accorded the rights described in subsection (b) of this section.
(b) A crime victim has the right to:
  (1) Be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy;
  (2) Be reasonably protected from the accused offender;
  (3) Be notified of court proceedings;
  (4) Be present at all court proceedings related to the offense, including the sentencing, and release, parole, record-sealing, and post-conviction hearings, unless the court determines that testimony by the victim would be materially affected if the victim heard other testimony or where the needs of justice otherwise require;
  (5) Confer with an attorney for the prosecution in the case which does not include the authority to direct the prosecution of the case;
  (6) An order of restitution from the person convicted of the criminal conduct that caused the victim’s loss or injury;
  (7) Information about the conviction, sentencing, imprisonment, detention, and release of the offender, and about any court order to seal the offender’s criminal records;
  (8) Notice of the rights provided in this chapter and under the laws of the District of Columbia; and
  (9) Be notified of any available victim advocate or other appropriate person to develop a safety plan and appropriate services.
(c) This section does not create a cause of action or defense in favor of any person arising out of the failure to accord to a victim the rights enumerated in subsection (b) of this section.
D.C. Code § 23-1304 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1304
§ 23-1304. Executive committee; composition; appointment and qualifications of Director.
Status: in_force

(a) The agency shall be advised by an executive committee of seven members, of which four members shall constitute a quorum. The Executive Committee shall be composed of the following persons or their designees: the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, the Chief Judge of the District of the Columbia Court of Appeals, the Chief Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, the Director of the District of Columbia Public Defender Service, and the Director of the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia.
(b) The Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and the Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, in consultation with the other members of the executive committee, shall appoint a Director of the agency who shall be a member of the bar of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 23-1101 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1101
§ 23-1101. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter —
(1) the term “bonding business” means the business of becoming surety for compensation upon bonds in criminal cases in the District of Columbia; and
(2) the term “bondsman” means any person or corporation engaged in the bonding business either as a principal or as an agent, clerk, or representative of another engaged in such business.
D.C. Code § 23-323 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-323
§ 23-323. Perjury.
Status: in_force

In every information or indictment for perjury, it shall be sufficient to set forth the substance of the offense charged upon the defendant, and by what court, or before whom the oath was taken (averring such court, or person or persons, to have a competent authority to administer the same) together with the proper averment or averments to falsify the matter or matters wherein the perjury or perjuries is or are assigned; without setting forth the bill, answer, information, indictment, declaration, or any part of any record of proceeding either in law or equity, other than as aforesaid; and without setting forth the commission or authority of the court, or person or persons before whom the perjury was committed; any law, usage, or custom to the contrary notwithstanding.
D.C. Code § 23-1305 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1305
§ 23-1305. Duties of director; compensation.
Status: in_force

The Director of the agency shall be responsible for the supervision and execution of the duties of the agency. The Director shall be compensated as a member of the Senior Executive Service pursuant to subchapter VIII of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code.
D.C. Code § 23-702 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / § 23-702
§ 23-702. Procedure on arrest of fugitives.
Status: in_force

(a) Any person arrested upon a warrant issued pursuant to section 23-701, or arrested within the District of Columbia as a fugitive from justice without a warrant having been issued, shall be taken before the Criminal Division of the Superior Court for preliminary examination on a complaint charging him as a fugitive.
(b) If, upon the examination of the person charged, it shall appear to the court that there is reasonable cause to believe that the complaint is true and that the person may be lawfully demanded of the chief judge, the person shall be detained or released according to law, in like manner as if the offense had been committed in the District of Columbia, to appear before the court at a future date, allowing thirty days to obtain a requisition from the Governor of the State from which the person is a fugitive. The complaint of fugitivity from another jurisdiction shall create a presumption that the person is unlikely to appear if released, which may be overcome only by clear and convincing proof.
(c) If the person so released or detained shall appear before the court upon the day ordered, he shall be discharged, unless he shall be demanded by requisition, pursuant to subsection (g) of this section or section 23-704, or unless the court shall find cause to detain or to release him as provided by subsection (b) of this section until a later day; but regardless of whether the person shall be detained or released as provided in subsection (b) of this section or discharged, his delivery to any person authorized by the warrant of the Governor shall be a discharge of any bond or obligation.
(d) The Chief of Police of the Metropolitan Police Department shall give notice to the police official or sheriff of the city or county from which the person is a fugitive that the person is so held in the District of Columbia.
(e) A person detained as provided by this section shall not be detained in jail longer than to allow a reasonable time for the person receiving the notice required by subsection (d) of this section to apply for and obtain a proper requisition for the person detained according to the circumstances of the case and the distance of the place where the offense is alleged to have been committed.
(f) (1) At any time prior to the filing of a requisition, a person arrested pursuant to this section may in open court waive further proceedings pursuant to this chapter.
  (2) Following waiver, a judge of the Superior Court may, in his discretion, if the United States attorney consents, release the person upon such conditions as the judge shall deem necessary to insure his appearance before the proper official in the State from which he is a fugitive, and shall otherwise order his return to the jurisdiction of that State in the custody of a proper official.
  (3) Following waiver, a person not released pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection shall be ordered to return to the jurisdiction from which he is a fugitive in the custody of a proper official, and may be detained to await return.
  (4) A person detained pursuant to paragraph (3) of this subsection for more than three days (not including Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays) shall be returned to the court and shall thereupon be released pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection, unless the court shall find good reason to extend his detention for an additional three days to obtain the attendance of a proper official of the demanding jurisdiction.
(g) If a person has not waived further proceedings pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, and a requisition from the Governor of the jurisdiction from which the person is a fugitive is presented to the court, the court shall order the requisition to be filed and referred to the chief judge for extradition proceedings pursuant to section 23-704, and shall order the person committed pending those proceedings.
D.C. Code § 23-522 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-522
§ 23-522. Applications for search warrants.
Status: in_force

(a) Each application for a search warrant shall be made in writing, or by telephone or other appropriate means, including facsimile transmissions or other electronic communications, upon oath or affirmation to a judicial officer, pursuant to the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure.
(b) Each application shall include —
  (1) the name and title of the applicant;
  (2) a statement that there is probable cause to believe that property of a kind or character described in section 23-521(d) is likely to be found in a designated premise, in a designated vehicle or object, or upon designated persons;
  (3) allegations of fact supporting such statement; and
  (4) a request that the judicial officer issue a search warrant directing a search for and seizure of the property in question.
The applicant may also submit depositions or affidavits of other persons containing allegations of fact supporting or tending to support those contained in the application.
(c) The application may also contain a request that the search warrant be made executable at any hour of the day or night upon the ground that there is probable cause to believe that (1) it cannot be executed during the hours of daylight, (2) the property sought is likely to be removed or destroyed if not seized forthwith, or (3) the property sought is not likely to be found except at certain times or in certain circumstances. Any request made pursuant to this subsection must be accompanied and supported by allegations of fact supporting such request.
D.C. Code § 23-1705 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / § 23-1705
§ 23-1705. Place of execution.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-534 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-534
§ 23-534. Applicability.
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall apply to any seized currency in possession of the Metropolitan Police Department on the effective date of the regulations implementing this subchapter.
D.C. Code § 23-1103 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1103
§ 23-1103. Procuring business through official or attorney for a consideration prohibited.
Status: in_force

It shall be unlawful for any bondsman, either directly or indirectly, to give, donate, lend, contribute, or to promise to give, donate, lend, or contribute any money, property, entertainment, or other thing of value whatsoever to any attorney at law, police officer, deputy United States marshal, jailer, probation officer, clerk, or other attachè of a criminal court, or public official of any character, for procuring or assisting in procuring any person to employ the bondsman to execute as surety any bond for compensation in any criminal case in the District of Columbia. It shall be unlawful for any attorney at law, police officer, deputy United States marshal, jailer, probation officer, clerk, bailiff, or other attachè of a criminal court, or public official of any character, to accept or receive from a bondsman any money, property, entertainment, or other thing of value whatsoever for procuring or assisting in procuring a person to employ a bondsman to execute as surety any bond for compensation in a criminal case in the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 23-1902 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1902
§ 23-1902. Notice to crime victims.
Status: in_force

(a) The head of each department and agency of the District of Columbia engaged in the detection, investigation, or prosecution of crime or in the judicial process shall designate the persons who will be responsible for identifying the victims of crime and performing the services described in subsection (c) of this section at each stage of a criminal case.
(b) At the earliest opportunity after the detection of a crime at which it may be done without interfering with an investigation, a responsible official shall identify the victim or victims of a crime.
(c) (1) At the earliest opportunity after the detection of a crime at which it may be done without interfering with an investigation, a responsible official shall inform identified victims of:
    (A) Their right to receive the services described in this subsection and a listing of their bill of rights as contained in section 23-1901;
    (B) The name, title, business address and telephone number of the responsible official to whom the victim should address a request for assistance to obtain the services described in this subsection;
    (C) The place where the victim may receive emergency medical and social services;
    (D) Any restitution, crime victims’ compensation, crime victims’ assistance or other relief for which the victim may be eligible under this or any other law and the manner in which such relief may be obtained;
    (E) The names and phone numbers of public and private victim assistance programs that are available to provide counseling, treatment, and other support to the victim;
    (F) The procedure and resources available for reasonable protection of the victim; and
    (G) The police report number, if available, and other identifying case information.
  (2) During the investigation and prosecution of a crime, a responsible official shall provide the victim, to the extent possible, with timely notice of the:
    (A) Status of the investigation of the crime, to the extent it is appropriate to inform the victim and to the extent that it will not interfere with the investigation;
    (B) Arrest of a suspected offender;
    (C) Filing of criminal charges, the nolle prosequi of the case, or the dismissal of all charges against a suspected offender;
    (D) Date of each scheduled court proceeding and any scheduling changes;
    (E) Release or detention status of an offender or suspected offender;
    (F) Acceptance of a plea of guilty, nolo contendere or an Alford plea, or the rendering of a verdict after trial; and
    (G) Sentence or disposition imposed on an offender, including the date on which the offender will be eligible for parole or release.
(d) After trial, a responsible official shall provide a victim with timely notice of the:
  (1) Scheduling of a release, parole, record-sealing, or post-conviction hearing for the offender.
  (2) Escape, work release, furlough, or any other form of release from custody of the offender; and
  (3) Death of the offender, if the offender dies while in custody or under supervision.
(e) The victim or the representative of the victim appointed by the court has a continuing obligation to provide the appropriate investigative, prosecutive, judicial, or correctional agency with correct and up-to-date information on the victim’s name and address or an alternate means by which the victim can be given notice.
(f) This section does not create a cause of action or defense in favor of any person arising out of the failure of a responsible person to provide information as required by this chapter.
D.C. Code § 23-112a — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-112a
§ 23-112a. Notice at sentencing of child support modification.
Status: in_force

(a) At all sentencing proceedings in which an individual will be sentenced for a period of imprisonment of more than 30 days, or at any proceeding in which a judge is revoking probation that will result in a sentence of imprisonment of more than 30 days, the sentencing court shall inquire as to whether the individual being sentenced is subject to a child support order. If the individual being sentenced is subject to a child support order, the sentencing court shall explain that:
  (1) The individual being sentenced may petition to modify or suspend child support payments during the period of the individual’s imprisonment; and
  (2) Child support payments will continue to accrue under the order unless the order is modified or suspended.
(b) The court shall provide each individual being sentenced with a copy of a pro se petition to modify the child support order pursuant to § 46-204 . The petition may be filed in open court during sentencing. The petition shall be deemed filed in the case in which the child support order was entered as of its filing in open court, and the petition shall be included in the records of that case.
(c) The clerk of the Court shall effectuate service of the petition in accordance with § 46-206 .
D.C. Code § 23-562 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-562
§ 23-562. Execution and return.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) A warrant issued pursuant to this subchapter shall be executed by the arrest of the person named. The officer need not have the warrant in his possession at the time of the arrest, but upon request he shall show the warrant to the person as soon as possible. If the officer does not have the warrant in his possession at the time of the arrest, he shall inform the person of the offense charged and of the fact that a warrant has been issued.
  (2) A summons shall be served upon a person by delivering a copy to him personally, by leaving it at his dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, or by mailing it to the person’s last known address.
(b) (1) The officer executing a warrant shall make return thereof to the judicial officer before whom the person is brought for preliminary examination. At the request of the appropriate prosecutor, any unexecuted and unexpired warrant shall be returned to the issuing court or judicial officer and shall be canceled.
  (2) On or before the return day the person to whom a summons was delivered for service shall make return thereof to the court or officer before whom the summons is returnable.
  (3) At the request of the appropriate prosecutor made at any time while the complaint is pending, a warrant returned unexecuted and not canceled or expired or a summons returned unserved or a duplicate thereof may be delivered by the judicial officer to the marshal or other authorized person for execution or service.
(c) (1) A law enforcement officer within the District of Columbia making an arrest under a warrant issued pursuant to this subchapter, making an arrest without a warrant, or receiving a person arrested by a special policeman or other person pursuant to § 23-582 , or a designated civilian employee of the Metropolitan Police Department receiving a person arrested by a law enforcement officer within the District of Columbia or a special policeman or other person pursuant to § 23-582 , shall take the arrested person without unnecessary delay before the court or other judicial officer empowered to commit persons charged with the offense for which the arrest was made. This subsection, however, shall not be construed to conflict with or otherwise supersede section 3501 of Title 18, United States Code. When a person arrested without a warrant is brought before a judicial officer, a complaint or information shall be filed forthwith.
  (2) Before taking an arrested person to a judicial officer, a law enforcement officer or a designated civilian employee of the Metropolitan Police Department, may perform any recording, fingerprinting, photographing, or other preliminary police duties required in the particular case, and if such duties are performed with reasonable promptness, the period of time required therefor shall not constitute a delay within the meaning of this section.
D.C. Code § 23-1906 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1906
§ 23-1906. Applicability.
Status: in_force

The provisions of this chapter requiring notice to the victim shall be applicable when computer systems are in place at the Metropolitan Police Department or the Superior Court of the District of Columbia to provide such notice or one year after the effective date of this chapter [June 8, 2001], whichever occurs first, and will apply only to crimes committed on or after that date.
D.C. Code § 23-1912 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1912
§ 23-1912. Limitations on law enforcement actions against sexual assault victims seeking medical treatment.
Status: in_force

(a) A sexual assault victim, when the sexual assault victim is seeking emergency medical treatment or medical forensic care related to a sexual assault, or a victim, as that term is defined in § 23-1904a(a)(4) , when the victim is seeking emergency medical treatment or medical forensic care at a hospital related to an intentionally inflicted gunshot or stab wound, shall not be subject to a subsequent custodial arrest by a law enforcement officer unless a warrant for the sexual assault victim's arrest or the victim's arrest has been issued by a competent court of jurisdiction for the commission of a:
  (1) Dangerous crime, as that term is defined in § 23-1331(3) ; or
  (2) Crime of violence, as that term is defined in § 23-1331(4) .
(b) A law enforcement officer who is prohibited from making a custodial arrest under subsection (a) of this section may issue a field arrest form to the sexual assault victim or victim in lieu of making a custodial arrest; provided, that the issuance of a field arrest form does not at that time pose health or safety risks to the sexual assault victim or victim.
D.C. Code § 23-561 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-561
§ 23-561. Issuance, form, and contents.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) A judicial officer may issue a warrant for the arrest of any person upon a sworn complaint which states facts constituting an offense over which the judicial officer has jurisdiction for trial or preliminary examination, and establishing probable cause to believe that the person committed the offense. More than one warrant may issue on the same complaint.
  (2) Upon request of the prosecutor, a summons shall issue instead of an arrest warrant. More than one summons may issue on the same complaint. If a person fails to appear in response to a summons, a warrant shall issue for his arrest.
(b) (1) An arrest warrant shall be signed by the judicial officer and shall state or contain the name of the issuing court, the date of issuance of the warrant, a description of the offense charged, and the name of the person to be arrested or, if his name is unknown, any name or description by which he can be identified with reasonable certainty. It shall command that the person be arrested and brought before the issuing court or officer.
  (2) A summons shall be in the same form as an arrest warrant except that it shall summon the person named to appear before the issuing court or officer at a stated time and place.
(c) An arrest warrant may be directed to a specific law enforcement officer or to any classifications of officers of the Metropolitan Police of the District of Columbia or other agency authorized to make arrests or execute process.
(d) Each complaint shall be made in writing upon oath or affirmation. Except for good cause shown, no warrant shall be issued unless the complaint has been approved by an appropriate prosecutor.
D.C. Code § 23-103a — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-103a
§ 23-103a. Rights of victims of crime.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-548 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-548
§ 23-548. Additional procedure for approval of interception of wire or oral communications.
Status: in_force

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, any investigative or law enforcement officer, specially designated by the United States attorney for the District of Columbia, who reasonably determines that —
  (1) an emergency situation exists with respect to conspiratorial activities characteristic of organized crime that requires a wire or oral communication to be intercepted before an order authorizing the interception can with due diligence be obtained, and
  (2) there are grounds upon which an order could be entered under this subchapter to authorize interception,
may intercept the wire or oral communication if an application for an order approving the interception is initiated in accordance with this section within twelve hours and is completed within seventy-two hours after the interception has occurred, or begins to occur. In the absence of an order, the interception shall immediately terminate when the communication sought is obtained or when the application for the order is denied, whichever is earlier. In the event the application for approval is denied, or in any other case where the interception is terminated without an order having been issued, the contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted shall be treated as having been obtained in violation of this subchapter, and an inventory shall be served as provided for in section 23-550   on the person named in the application.
(b) When an investigative or law enforcement officer, while engaged in intercepting wire or oral communications in the manner authorized by this subchapter, intercepts wire or oral communications relating either to offenses other than those specified in the order of authorization or to offenses other than those offenses for which interception was made pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, he shall make an application to a judge as soon as practicable for approval for disclosure and use, in accordance with section 23-553, of the information intercepted.
D.C. Code § 23-1904c — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1904c
§ 23-1904c. Hospital-based violence intervention policy and training pilot.
Status: in_force

(a) The Office of Victim Services and Justice Grants shall, in Fiscal Years 2023 and 2024, issue grants for a pilot program ("pilot program") to develop evidence-based policies, protocols, and training for hospital staff, medical providers, and law enforcement to guide their interactions when operating as part of a hospital-based violence intervention program.
(b) The pilot program shall be conducted by a District-based entity with experience and expertise in academic research, police practices, civil and constitutional rights and laws, developing and implementing police and community safety policies and training, and training or educating Metropolitan Police Department officers.
(c) The pilot program shall include:
  (1) Designing and testing outcome measures for patients, hospital staff, medical providers, and law enforcement in order to improve patient health, increase the effectiveness of violence intervention programs, and improve efficiency and coordination for hospital staff, medical providers, community-based organizations, and law enforcement;
  (2) Soliciting input from law enforcement agencies, hospital staff, medical providers, and hospital-based violence intervention programs;
  (3) Developing and delivering policies and training for hospital staff, medical providers, and law enforcement;
  (4) Evaluating and revising the impact of policies, protocols, and training on outcomes; and
  (5) Issuing a report by September 30, 2024, that shall be presented at a public meeting of the Task Force on Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Programs.
(d) Any entity conducting the pilot program shall be considered a hospital-based violence intervention program for the purposes of determining whether confidential communications can be disclosed as described in § 14-313(b)(1) .
D.C. Code § 23-106 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-106
§ 23-106. Witnesses for defense; fees.
Status: in_force

The court shall order at any time that a subpoena be issued for service upon a named witness on behalf of a defendant if the defendant makes an application for such an order and makes a satisfactory showing that he is financially unable to pay the fees of the witness and that the presence of the witness is necessary to an adequate defense. If the court orders the subpoena to be issued the costs incurred by the process and the fees of the witness so subpoenaed shall be paid in the same manner in which similar costs and fees are paid in case of a witness subpoenaed in behalf of the prosecuting authority.
D.C. Code § 23-1331 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1331
§ 23-1331. Definitions.
Status: in_force

*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 30(k) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 30(k) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
As used in this subchapter:
(1) The term “judicial officer” means, unless otherwise indicated, any person or court in the District of Columbia authorized pursuant to section 3041 of Title 18, United States Code, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to bail or otherwise release a person before trial or sentencing or pending appeal in a court of the United States, and any judge of the Superior Court.
(2) The term “offense” means any criminal offense committed in the District of Columbia, other than an offense triable by court-martial, military commission, provost court, or other military tribunal, which is in violation of an Act of Congress.
(3) The term “dangerous crime” means:
  (A) Any felony offense under Chapter 45 of Title 22 (Weapons) or Unit A of Chapter 25 of Title 7 (Firearms Control);
  (B) Any felony offense under Chapter 27 of Title 22 (Prostitution, Pandering);
  (C) Any felony offense under Unit A of Chapter 9 of Title 48 (Controlled Substances);
  (D) Arson or attempted arson of any premises adaptable for overnight accommodation of persons or for carrying on business;
  (E) Burglary or attempted burglary;
  (F) Cruelty to children;
  (G) Robbery or attempted robbery;
  (H) Any felony offense under Chapter 30 of Title 22 (Sexual Abuse);
  (I) Any felony offense established by the Prohibition Against Human Trafficking Amendment Act of 2010 [ D.C. Law 18-239 ; § 22-1831 et seq.] or any conspiracy to commit such an offense; or
  (J) Fleeing from an officer in a motor vehicle (felony).
(4) The term “crime of violence” means aggravated assault; act of terrorism; arson; assault on a police officer (felony); assault with a dangerous weapon; assault with intent to kill, commit first degree sexual abuse, commit second degree sexual abuse, or commit child sexual abuse; assault with significant bodily injury; assault with intent to commit any other offense; burglary; carjacking; armed carjacking; child sexual abuse; cruelty to children in the first degree; extortion or blackmail accompanied by threats of violence; gang recruitment, participation, or retention by the use or threatened use of force, coercion, or intimidation; kidnapping; malicious disfigurement; manslaughter; manufacture or possession of a weapon of mass destruction; mayhem; murder; robbery; sexual abuse in the first, second, or third degrees; misdemeanor sexual abuse pursuant to § 22-3006(b) ; misdemeanor sexual abuse of a child or minor pursuant to § 22-3010.01(a-1) ; strangulation; use, dissemination, or detonation of a weapon of mass destruction; or an attempt, solicitation, or conspiracy to commit any of the foregoing offenses.
(5) The term “addict” means any individual who habitually uses any narcotic drug as defined by section 4731 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 so as to endanger the public morals, health, safety, or welfare.
(6) The term “physical injury” means bodily harm greater than transient pain or minor temporary marks.
D.C. Code § 23-1325 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1325
§ 23-1325. Release in first degree murder, second degree murder, and assault with intent to kill while armed cases or after conviction.
Status: in_force

*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 30(k) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
*NOTE: The amendments to this section by section 30(k) of D.C. Law 25-175 shall expire on December 31, 2026.*
(a) A person who is charged with murder in the first degree, murder in the second degree, or assault with intent to kill while armed shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of section 23-1321 unless the judicial officer has reason to believe that no one or more conditions of release will reasonably assure that the person will not flee or pose a danger to any other person or to the community. If such a risk of flight or danger is believed to exist, the person may be ordered detained. In any pretrial detention hearing under the provisions of this section, if the judicial officer finds that there is probable cause that the person has committed any of the foregoing offenses while armed with or having readily available a pistol, firearm, imitation firearm, or other deadly or dangerous weapon, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that no condition or combination of conditions of release will reasonably assure the safety of any other person or the community.
(b) A person who has been convicted of an offense and is awaiting sentence shall be detained unless the judicial officer finds by clear and convincing evidence that he is not likely to flee or pose a danger to any other person or to the property of others. Upon such finding, the judicial officer shall treat the person in accordance with the provisions of section 23-1321.
(c) A person who has been convicted of an offense and sentenced to a term of confinement or imprisonment and has filed an appeal or a petition for a writ of certiorari shall be detained unless the judicial officer finds by clear and convincing evidence that (1) the person is not likely to flee or pose a danger to any other person or to the property of others, and (2) the appeal or petition for a writ of certiorari raises a substantial question of law or fact likely to result in a reversal or an order for new trial. Upon such findings, the judicial officer shall treat the person in accordance with the provisions of section 23-1321.
(d) The provisions of section 23-1324 shall apply to persons detained in accordance with this section, except that the finding of the judicial officer that the appeal or petition for writ of certiorari does not raise by clear and convincing evidence a substantial question of law or fact likely to result in a reversal or order for new trial shall receive de novo consideration in the court in which review is sought.
D.C. Code § 23-1326 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1326
§ 23-1326. Release of material witnesses.
Status: in_force

If it appears by affidavit that the testimony of a person is material in any criminal proceeding, and if it is shown that it may become impracticable to secure his presence by subpoena, a judicial officer shall impose conditions of release pursuant to section 23-1321  . No material witness shall be detained because of inability to comply with any condition of release if the testimony of such witness can adequately be secured by deposition, and further detention is not necessary to prevent a failure of justice. Release may be delayed for a reasonable period of time until the deposition of the witness can be taken pursuant to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.
D.C. Code § 23-1112 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1112
§ 23-1112. Enforcement.
Status: in_force

It shall be the duty of the Superior Court and of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to see that this chapter is enforced, and upon the impaneling of each grand jury in the District of Columbia it shall be the duty of the judge impaneling such jury to charge it to investigate the manner in which this chapter is enforced and all violations thereof in connection with the matter under investigation by such jury.
D.C. Code § 23-1327 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1327
§ 23-1327. Penalties for failure to appear.
Status: in_force

(a) Whoever, having been released under this title prior to the commencement of his sentence, willfully fails to appear before any court or judicial officer as required, shall, subject to the provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, incur a forfeiture of any security which was given or pledged for his release, and, in addition, shall, (1) if he was released in connection with a charge of felony, or while awaiting sentence or pending appeal or certiorari prior to commencement of his sentence after conviction of any offense, be fined not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ] and imprisoned not less than one year and not more than five years, (2) if he was released in connection with a charge of misdemeanor, be fined not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ] and imprisoned for not less than ninety days and not more than 180 days, or (3) if he was released for appearance as a material witness, be fined not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ] or imprisoned for not more than 180 days, or both.
(b) Any failure to appear after notice of the appearance date shall be prima facie evidence that such failure to appear is wilful. Whether the person was warned when released of the penalties for failure to appear shall be a factor in determining whether such failure to appear was wilful, but the giving of such warning shall not be a prerequisite to conviction under this section.
(c) The trier of facts may convict under this section even if the defendant has not received actual notice of the appearance date if (1) reasonable efforts to notify the defendant have been made, and (2) the defendant, by his own actions, has frustrated the receipt of actual notice.
(d) Any term of imprisonment imposed pursuant to this section shall be consecutive to any other sentence of imprisonment.
D.C. Code § 23-547 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-547
§ 23-547. Procedure for authorization or approval of interception of wire or oral communications.
Status: in_force

(a) Each application for an order authorizing or approving the interception of a wire or oral communication shall be made in writing upon oath or affirmation to a judge and shall state the applicant’s authority to make the application. Each application shall include —
  (1) the identity of the investigative or law enforcement officer making the application, and the officer authorizing the application;
  (2) a full and complete statement of the facts and circumstances relied upon by the applicant to justify his belief that an order should be issued, including (A) details as to the particular offense that has been, is being, or is about to be committed, (B) a particular description of the nature and location of the facilities from which or the place where the communication is to be or was intercepted, (C) a particular description of the type of communications sought to be or which were intercepted, and (D) the identity of the person, if known, who committed, is committing, or is about to commit the offense and whose communications are to be or were intercepted;
  (3) a full and complete statement as to whether or not other investigative procedures have been tried and failed or why they reasonably appear or appeared to be unlikely to succeed if tried or to be too dangerous;
  (4) a statement of the period of time for which the interception is or was required to be maintained, and if the nature of the investigation is or was such that the authorization for interception should not automatically terminate or should not have automatically terminated when the described type of communication has been or was first obtained, a particular description of facts establishing probable cause to believe that additional communications of the same type will or would occur thereafter;
  (5) a full and complete statement of the facts concerning all previous applications, known to the individual authorizing or making the application, made to any judge for authorization to intercept, or for approval of interceptions of, wire or oral communications involving any of the same persons, facilities, or places specified in the application, and the action taken by the judge on each such application; and
  (6) where the application is for the extension of an order, a statement setting forth the results thus far obtained from the interception, or a reasonable explanation of the failure to obtain results.
(b) The judge may require the applicant to furnish additional testimony or documentary evidence in support of the application.
(c) Upon application the judge may enter an ex parte order, as requested or as modified, authorizing or approving interception of wire or oral communications within the District of Columbia, if the judge determines on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant that —
  (1) there is or was probable cause for belief that the person whose communication is to be or was interpreted is or was committing, has committed, or is about to commit a particular offense enumerated in section 23-546;
  (2) there is or was probable cause for belief that particular communications concerning that offense will or would be obtained through the interception;
  (3) normal investigative procedures have or would have been tried and have or had failed or reasonably appear or appeared to be unlikely to succeed if tried or to be too dangerous; and
  (4) there is or was probable cause for belief that the facilities from which, or the place where, the wire or oral communications are to be or were intercepted were used, are being used, or are about to be used, in connection with the commission of the offense, or are or were leased to, listed in the name of, or commonly used by the person referred to in paragraph (1).
(d) If the facilities from which a wire communication is to be or was intercepted are or were being used by, are or were about to be used by, or are or were leased to, listed in the name of, or commonly used by, a licensed physician, a licensed attorney, or practicing clergyman, or if the place where an oral communication is to be or was intercepted is or was a place used primarily for habitation by spouses or domestic partners, or primarily by a licensed physician, licensed attorney, or practicing clergyman for his own professional purposes, no order authorizing or approving such interception may be issued unless the court, in addition to the matters provided in subsection (c) of this section, determines that —
  (1) such facilities or place are or were being used or are or were about to be used in connection with conspiratorial activities characteristic of organized crime; and
  (2) such interceptions will be so conducted as to minimize or eliminate the number of interceptions of privileged wire or oral communications between licensed physicians and patients, licensed attorneys and clients, practicing clergymen and confidants, and spouses or domestic partners.
No otherwise privileged wire or oral communication intercepted in accordance with, or in violation of, the provisions of this subchapter shall lose its privileged character.
(e) Each order authorizing or approving the interception of any wire or oral communication shall specify —
  (1) the identity of the person, if known, or otherwise a particular description of the person, if known, whose communications are to be or were intercepted;
  (2) the nature and location of the communication facilities as to which, or the place where, authority to intercept or any approval of interception is or was granted;
  (3) a particular description of the type of communication sought to be or which was intercepted, and a statement of the particular offense to which it relates;
  (4) the identity of the agency authorized to intercept or whose interception is approved, and of the person authorizing the application; and
  (5) the period of time during or for which the interception is authorized or approved, including a statement as to whether or not the interception shall automatically terminate when the described communication has been first obtained.
(f) An order authorizing the interception of a wire or oral communication shall, upon request of the applicant, direct that a communication common carrier, landlord, custodian, or other person shall furnish the applicant forthwith all information, facilities, or technical assistance necessary to accomplish the interception unobtrusively and with a minimum of interference with the services that such carrier, landlord, custodian, or person is according the person whose communications are to be intercepted. Any communication common carrier, landlord, custodian, or other person furnishing such facilities or technical assistance shall be compensated therefore by the applicant at the prevailing rates.
(g) No order entered under this section may authorize or approve the interception of any wire or oral communication for any period longer than is necessary to achieve the objective of the authorization, nor in any event longer than thirty days. Extensions of an order may be granted, but only upon application for an extension made in accordance with subsection (a) of this section and the court making the findings required by subsection (c) of this section. The period of extension shall be no longer than the authorizing judge deems necessary to achieve the purposes for which it was granted and in no event for longer than thirty days. Every order and extension thereof shall contain a provision that the authorization to intercept shall be executed as soon as practicable, shall be conducted in such a way as to minimize or eliminate the interception of communications not otherwise subject to interception under this subchapter, and must terminate upon attainment of the authorized objective, or in any event in thirty days.
(h) Whenever an order authorizing interception is entered pursuant to this subchapter, the order may require reports to be made to the judge who issued the order showing what progress has been made toward achievement of the authorized objective and the need for continued interception. Reports shall be made at such intervals as the judge may require.
D.C. Code § 23-550 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-550
§ 23-550. Inventory.
Status: in_force

Within a reasonable time but not later than ninety days after the filing of an application for an order of approval under section 23-548   which is denied, or the termination of the period of any order or extensions thereof, the issuing or denying judge shall cause to be served, on the persons named in the order or the application, and such other parties to intercepted communications as the judge may determine, in his discretion, are necessary in the interest of justice, an inventory which shall include notice of —
(1) the fact of the entry of the order or the application for an order of approval which was denied;
(2) the date of the entry of the order or the denial of the application for an order of approval;
(3) the period of authorized, approved, or disapproved interception; and
(4) whether during the period wire or oral communications were intercepted.
The judge, upon the filing of a motion, may in his discretion make available to the person or his counsel for inspection such portions of the intercepted communications, applications, and orders as the judge determines to be in the interests of justice. On an ex parte showing of good cause to a judge, the serving of the inventory required by this subsection may be postponed.
D.C. Code § 23-110 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-110
§ 23-110. Remedies on motion attacking sentence.
Status: in_force

(a) A prisoner in custody under sentence of the Superior Court claiming the right to be released upon the ground that (1) the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution of the United States or the laws of the District of Columbia, (2) the court was without jurisdiction to impose the sentence, (3) the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, (4) the sentence is otherwise subject to collateral attack, may move the court to vacate, set aside, or correct the sentence.
(b) (1) A motion for such relief may be made at any time.
  (2) A motion for such relief may be dismissed if the government demonstrates that it has been materially prejudiced in its ability to respond to the motion by the delay in its filing, unless the movant shows that the motion is based on grounds which the movant could not have raised by the exercise of reasonable diligence before the circumstances prejudicial to the government occurred.
(c) Unless the motion and files and records of the case conclusively show that the prisoner is entitled to no relief, the court shall cause notice thereof to be served upon the prosecuting authority, grant a prompt hearing thereon, determine the issues, and make findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect thereto. If the court finds that (1) the judgment was rendered without jurisdiction, (2) the sentence imposed was not authorized by law or is otherwise open to collateral attack, (3) there has been such a denial or infringement of the constitutional rights of the prisoner as to render the judgment vulnerable to collateral attack, the court shall vacate and set the judgment aside and shall discharge the prisoner, resentence him, grant a new trial, or correct the sentence, as may appear appropriate.
(d) A court may entertain and determine the motion without requiring the production of the prisoner at the hearing.
(e) The court shall not be required to entertain a second or successive motion for similar relief on behalf of the same prisoner.
(f) An appeal may be taken to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals from the order entered on the motion as from a final judgment on application for a writ of habeas corpus.
(g) An application for a writ of habeas corpus in behalf of a prisoner who is authorized to apply for relief by motion pursuant to this section shall not be entertained by the Superior Court or by any Federal or State court if it appears that the applicant has failed to make a motion for relief under this section or that the Superior Court has denied him relief, unless it also appears that the remedy by motion is inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of his detention.
D.C. Code § 23-544 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-544
§ 23-544. Confiscation of wire or oral communication intercepting devices.
Status: in_force

Any intercepting device in the District of Columbia —
(1) possessed;
(2) used;
(3) sold;
(4) distributed; or
(5) manufactured or assembled;
in violation of section 23-542   or 23-543   may be seized and forfeited to the District of Columbia. Insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, all provisions of law relating to the seizure, summary and judicial forfeiture, and condemnation of property for violation of the customs laws; the disposition of such property; the remission or mitigation of such forfeitures; the compromise of claims; and the award of compensation to informers in respect of such forfeitures shall apply to seizures and forfeitures incurred, or alleged to have been incurred, under the provisions of this title; except that such duties as are imposed upon the customs officer or any other person with respect to the seizure and forfeiture of property under the customs laws shall be performed with respect to seizures and forfeitures of property under this section by such officers, agents or other persons as may be authorized or designated for that purpose by the Mayor, except to the extent that such duties arise from seizures and forfeitures effected by any customs officer. The proceeds from the sale of any property forfeited under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the general fund of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 23-1328 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1328
§ 23-1328. Penalties for offenses committed during release.
Status: in_force

(a) Any person convicted of an offense committed while released pursuant to section 23-1321 shall be subject to the following penalties in addition to any other applicable penalties:
  (1) A term of imprisonment of not less than one year and not more than five years if convicted of committing a felony while so released; and
  (2) A term of imprisonment of not less than ninety days and not more than 180 days if convicted of committing a misdemeanor while so released.
(b) The giving of a warning to the person when released of the penalties imposed by this section shall not be a prerequisite to the application of this section.
(c) Any term of imprisonment imposed pursuant to this section shall be consecutive to any other sentence of imprisonment.
(d) In addition to any other penalty provided under this section, a person may be fined an amount not more than the amount set forth in § 22-3571.01 .
D.C. Code § 23-1911 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1911
§ 23-1911. Cause of action; remedies.
Status: in_force

(a) An individual whose rights under this subchapter were violated may bring a civil action in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia against the District agencies responsible for the violation.
(b) Remedies in actions brought pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be limited to injunctive relief and shall not include money damages.
D.C. Code § 23-102 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-102
§ 23-102. Abandonment of prosecution; enlargement of time for taking action.
Status: in_force

If any person charged with a criminal offense shall have been committed or held to bail to await the action of the grand jury and within nine months thereafter the grand jury shall not have taken action on the case, either by ignoring the charge or by returning an indictment, the prosecution of such charge shall be deemed to have been abandoned and the accused shall be set free or his bail discharged, as the case may be: but, the court having jurisdiction to try the offense for which the person has been committed, when practicable and upon good cause shown in writing and upon due notice to the accused, may from time to time enlarge the time for the taking action in such case by the grand jury.
D.C. Code § 23-706 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / § 23-706
§ 23-706. Confinement.
Status: in_force

(a) The agent of the demanding State to whom the prisoner may have been delivered in accordance with the provisions of section 23-704, may, when necessary, confine the prisoner in a facility of the District of Columbia Department of Corrections, and the Department of Corrections must receive and safely keep the prisoner for such reasonable time as will enable the officer or person having charge of him to proceed on his route, such officer or person being chargeable with the expense of keeping.
(b) The officer or agent of a demanding State to whom a prisoner may have been delivered following extradition proceedings in another State, or to whom a prisoner may have been delivered after waiving extradition in the other State, and who is passing through the District of Columbia with a prisoner for the purpose of immediately returning the prisoner to the demanding State, may, when necessary, confine the prisoner in a facility of the Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections must receive and safely keep the prisoner for such reasonable time as will enable the officer or agent to proceed on his route, such officer or agent being chargeable with the expense of keeping. That officer or agent shall produce and show to the Department of Corrections satisfactory written evidence of the fact that he is actually transporting the prisoner to the demanding State after a requisition by the executive authority of the demanding State. The prisoner shall not be entitled to demand a new requisition while in the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 23-551 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-551
§ 23-551. Procedure for disclosure and suppression of intercepted wire or oral communications.
Status: in_force

(a) The contents of any intercepted wire or oral communication or evidence derived therefrom shall not be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, or other authority of the United States or the District of Columbia unless not less than ten days before the trial, hearing, or proceeding —
  (1) the inventory as provided in section 23-550 has been served; and
  (2) the parties to the action have been served with a copy of the order and accompanying application under which the interception was authorized or approved.
This ten-day period may be waived by court order where a court finds that it was not possible to furnish the party with the above information ten days before the trial hearing, or proceeding and that the party will not be prejudiced by the delay in receiving the information.
(b) Any aggrieved person in any trial, hearing, or proceeding in or before any court, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, or other authority of the United States or the District of Columbia, may move to suppress the contents of any intercepted wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, on the grounds that —
  (1) the communication was unlawfully intercepted;
  (2) the order of authorization or approval under which it was intercepted is insufficient on its face;
  (3) the interception was not made in conformity with the order of authorization or approval;
  (4) service was not made as provided in section 23-547; or
  (5) the seal prescribed by section 23-549(a) is not present and there is no satisfactory explanation for its absence.
The motion shall be made before the trial, hearing or proceeding unless there was no opportunity to make the motion or the person was not aware of the grounds of the motion. If the motion is granted, the contents of the intercepted wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, shall be treated as having been obtained in violation of this subchapter and shall not be received in evidence in the trial, hearing, or proceeding. The judge, upon the filing of the motion by the aggrieved person, may in his discretion make available to the aggrieved person or his counsel for inspection such portions of the intercepted communication or evidence derived therefrom as the judge determines to be in the interests of justice.
D.C. Code § 23-703 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / § 23-703
§ 23-703. Failure to appear.
Status: in_force

Any person released pursuant to section 23-702   who fails to appear as required shall be punished by a fine of not more than the amount set forth in [ § 22-3571.01 ] or imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.
D.C. Code § 23-105 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-105
§ 23-105. Challenges to jurors.
Status: in_force

(a) In a trial for an offense punishable by death, each side is entitled to twenty peremptory challenges. In a trial for an offense punishable by imprisonment for more than one year, each side is entitled to ten peremptory challenges. In all other criminal cases, each side is entitled to three peremptory challenges. If there is more than one defendant, or if a case is prosecuted both by the United States and by the District of Columbia, the court may allow additional peremptory challenges and permit them to be exercised separately or jointly, but in no event shall one side be entitled to more peremptory challenges than the other.
(b) The court may direct that jurors in addition to the regular jury be called and impaneled to sit as alternate jurors. In addition to those otherwise allowed, each side is entitled to one peremptory challenge if one or two alternate jurors are to be impaneled, to two peremptory challenges if three or four alternate jurors are to be impaneled, and to three peremptory challenges if five or six alternate jurors are to be impaneled.
(c) Any juror or alternate juror may be challenged for cause.
(d) No verdict shall be set aside for any cause which might be alleged as ground for challenge of a juror before the jury is sworn, except when the objection to the juror is that he had a bias against the defendant such as would have disqualified him, such disqualification was not known to or suspected by the defendant or his counsel before the juror was sworn, and the basis for such disqualification was the subject of examination or request for examination of the prospective jurors by or on request of the defendant.
D.C. Code § 23-1102 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1102
§ 23-1102. Bonding business impressed with public interests.
Status: in_force

The bonding business is impressed with a public interest.
D.C. Code § 23-1302 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1302
§ 23-1302. Definitions.
Status: in_force

As used in this chapter —
(1) the term “judicial officer” means, unless otherwise indicated, the Supreme Court of the United States, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, United States District Court for the District of Columbia, the Superior Court of the District of Columbia or any justice or judge of those courts or a United States commissioner or magistrate; and
(2) the term “bail determination” means any order by a judicial officer respecting the terms and conditions of detention or release (including any order setting the amount of bail bond or any other kind of security) made to assure the appearance in court of —
  (A) any person arrested in the District of Columbia; or
  (B) any material witness in any criminal proceeding in a court referred to in paragraph (1) of this section.
D.C. Code § 23-553 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-553
§ 23-553. Authorization for disclosure and use of intercepted wire or oral communications.
Status: in_force

(a) Any investigative or law enforcement officer who, by any authorized means and in conformity with this subchapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, may disclose or use such contents or evidence to the extent that such disclosure or use is appropriate to the proper performance of his official duties.
(b) Any person who, by any authorized means and in conformity with this subchapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted in accordance with this subchapter, or other lawful authority, or evidence derived therefrom, may disclose the contents of such communication or evidence while giving testimony under oath or affirmation in any criminal trial, hearing, or proceeding before any grand jury or court.
(c) The contents of any wire or oral communication intercepted in conformity with this subchapter, or evidence derived therefrom, may otherwise be disclosed or used only by court order upon a showing of good cause.
D.C. Code § 23-902 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / § 23-902
§ 23-902. Hearing; commitment; discharge.
Status: in_force

If an arrest is made in the District of Columbia by an officer of another State in accordance with the provisions of section 23-901  , he shall without unnecessary delay take the person arrested before a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, who shall conduct a hearing for the purpose of determining the lawfulness of the arrest. If the judge determines that the arrest was lawful, he shall order the release or detention of the person arrested, pursuant to section 23-702  , to await for a reasonable time a requisition from the Governor of the State demanding the extradition of the person arrested. If the judge determines that the arrest was unlawful he shall order the person discharged.
D.C. Code § 23-1306 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1306
§ 23-1306. Chief assistant and other agency personnel; compensation.
Status: in_force

The Director shall employ a chief assistant who shall be compensated as a member of the Senior Executive Service pursuant to section 5382 of title 5, United States Code  . The Director shall employ such agency personnel as may be necessary properly to conduct the business of the agency. All employees other than the chief assistant shall receive compensation that is comparable to levels of compensation established for Federal pretrial services agencies.
D.C. Code § 23-581 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-581
§ 23-581. Arrests without warrant by law enforcement officers.
Status: in_force

(a) (1) A law enforcement officer may arrest, without a warrant having previously been issued therefor —
    (A) a person who he has probable cause to believe has committed or is committing a felony;
    (B) a person who he has probable cause to believe has committed or is committing an offense in his presence;
    (C) a person who he has probable cause to believe has committed or is about to commit any offense listed in paragraph (2) and, unless immediately arrested, may not be apprehended, may cause injury to others, or may tamper with, dispose of, or destroy evidence; and
    (D) a person whom he has probable cause to believe has committed any offense which is listed in paragraph (3) of this section, if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that, unless the person is immediately arrested, reliable evidence of alcohol or drug use may become unavailable or the person may cause personal injury or property damage.
  (2) The offenses referred to in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) are the following:
    (A) The following offenses specified in the Act entitled “An Act to establish a code of law for the District of Columbia”, approved March 3, 1901, and listed in the following table:
    Offense: Specified in - Assault section 806 (D.C. Code, sec. 22-404). Unlawful entry section 824 (D.C. Code, sec. 22-3302). Malicious burning, destruction or injury of another's property section 848 (D.C. Code, sec. 22-303).
    (B) The following offense specified in the Omnibus Public Safety Amendment Act of 2006, effective April 24, 2007 ( D.C. Law 16-306 ; 53 DCR 8610):
    Offense: Specified in - Voyeurism section 105 (D.C. Code, sec. 22-3531).
    (C) The following offenses specified in the District of Columbia Theft and White Collar Crimes Act of 1982, and listed in the following table:
    Offense: Specified in - Theft of property that has some value section 112 [D.C. Official Code § 22-3212(b) ]. Receiving stolen property section 132 [D.C. Official Code, § 22-3232 ]. Shoplifting section 113 [D.C. Official Code, § 22-3213 ].
    (D) Attempts to commit the following offenses specified in the Act and listed in the following table:
    Offense: Specified in - Theft of property valued at $1,000 or more; Theft twice or more in a 6-month period with an aggregate value of $1,000 or more section 112(a) [D.C. Official Code § 22-3212(a) ]. Unauthorized use of vehicles section 115 [D.C. Official Code, § 22-3215 ].
    (E) The following offenses specified in the Illegal Dumping Enforcement Act of 1994 [ Chapter 9 of Title 8 ], and listed in the following table:
    Offense: Specified in - Unauthorized disposal of solid waste, hazardous waste, or medical waste Section 3. [D.C. Official Code, § 8-902 ]
    (F) The following offenses specified in section 113.7 of Title 12A of the District of Columbia Municipal Regulations (12A DCMR § 113.7).
    Offense: Specified in - Illegal construction section 113.7 (12A DCMR § 113.7)
    (G) Intentionally violating a condition of release that the person stay away from, or have no contact with, an individual or location as described in § 23-1329a .
  (3) The offenses which are referred to in paragraph (1)(D) of this section are the following offenses specified in the District of Columbia Traffic Act of 1925, approved March 3, 1925 (43 Stat. 1119; D.C. Official Code § 50-2201.01 et seq.), and listed in the following table:
  Offense: Specified in - Aggravated reckless driving section 9(c) (D.C. Official Code § 50-2201.04(c) ) Leaving after colliding section 10c (D.C. Official Code § 50-2201.05c ) Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or a drug section 3b (D.C. Official Code § 50-2206.11 ) Operating a motor vehicle when the operator's permit is revoked or suspended section 13(f) (D.C. Official Code § 50-1403.01(f) ) [Not Funded].
(a-1) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without an arrest warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed an intrafamily offense as provided in section 16-1031(a).
(a-2) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without an arrest warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed an offense as provided in Chapter 23 of Title 22 .
(a-3) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed an offense as provided in §§ 22-3312.01 , 22-3312.02 and 22-3312.03 .
(a-4) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed the offense of unlawful entry of a motor vehicle as provided in [ § 22-1341 ].
(a-5) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed the offense of tampering with a detection device as provided in [ § 22-1211 ].
(a-6) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed the offense of engaging in an unlawful protest targeting a residence as provided in [ § 22-2752 ].
(a-7) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed the offense of misdemeanor sexual abuse, misdemeanor sexual abuse of a child or minor, or lewd, indecent, or obscene acts, or sexual proposal to a minor, as provided in §§ 22-3006 , 22-3010.01 , and 22-1312 .
(a-8) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed the offense of stalking as provided in § 22-3133 .
(a-9) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has committed the offense of presenting a fraudulent identification document for the purpose of entering an establishment possessing an on-premises retailer’s license, an Arena C/X license, or a temporary license as provided in § 25-1002(b)(2) .
(a-10) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has probable cause to believe the person has been directed by a releasing official pursuant to § 23-584(d)(1) as a condition of release on citation to stay away from a particular place or a particular person, and the person has violated that condition.
(b) A law enforcement officer may, even if his jurisdiction does not extend beyond the District of Columbia, continue beyond the District, if necessary, a pursuit commenced within the District of a person who has committed an offense or who he has probable cause to believe has committed or is committing a felony, and may arrest that person in any State the laws of which contain provisions equivalent to those of section 23-901.
D.C. Code § 23-701 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / § 23-701
§ 23-701. Warrants for the arrest of fugitives from justice.
Status: in_force

Whenever any person who is (1) within the District of Columbia, (2) charged with any offense committed in any State, and (3) liable by the Constitution and laws of the United States to be delivered over upon the demand of the Governor of that State, any judge of the Superior Court may, upon complaint on oath or affirmation of any credible witness, setting forth the offense, that the person is a fugitive from justice, and such other matters as are necessary to bring the case within the provisions of law, issue a warrant to bring the person so charged before the Superior Court, to answer the complaint.
D.C. Code § 23-531 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-531
§ 23-531. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term:
(1) “Seized-currency” means moneys, coins, or negotiable instrument with monetary value, including personal checks, commercial checks, cashiers’ checks, travelers’ checks, bearer bonds, or money orders, seized by the Metropolitan Police Department or other District of Columbia law enforcement agency pending criminal forfeiture or civil forfeiture proceedings.
(2) “Independent evidentiary value” includes the presence of fingerprints, written notations; or dye markings, traceable amounts of narcotic residue or other identifying substance on currency, or the packaging of currency in an incriminating manner.
D.C. Code § 23-103 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-103
§ 23-103. Statements prior to sentence.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, before imposing sentence the court may disclose to the defendant’s counsel and to the prosecuting attorney, but not to one and not the other, all or part of any pre-sentencing report submitted to the court in the case. The court also prior to imposing sentence shall afford counsel an opportunity to speak on behalf of the defendant and shall address the defendant personally and ask him if he wishes to make a statement in his own behalf and to present any information in mitigation of punishment. At any time when the defendant or his counsel addresses the court on the sentence to be imposed, the prosecuting attorney shall, if he wishes, have an equivalent opportunity to address the court and to make a recommendation to the court on the sentence to be imposed and to present information in support of his recommendation. Such information as the defendant or his counsel or the prosecuting attorney may present shall at all times be subject to the applicable rules of mutual discovery.
(b) When a victim elects to file a victim impact statement pursuant to § 23-103 a, the court shall disclose the victim impact statement portion of the presentence report at a reasonable time prior to imposing sentence to the defendant’s counsel and to the prosecuting attorney.
D.C. Code § 23-1309 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1309
§ 23-1309. References to “Bail Agency” deemed to be to “Pretrial Services Agency.”.
Status: in_force

Any reference in any law, rule, regulation, document, or record of the United States or the District of Columbia to the District of Columbia Bail Agency shall be deemed to be a reference to the District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency.
D.C. Code § 23-1904 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1904
§ 23-1904. Crime victims’ rights at sentencing.
Status: in_force

(a) Crime victims shall have the right to be present at the defendant’s sentencing, release, parole, post-conviction, and record-sealing hearings.
(b) Crime victims shall have the right to submit, prior to the imposition of sentence, a written victim impact statement containing information concerning any emotional, psychological, financial, or physical harm done to or loss suffered by the victim.
(c) In determining the appropriate sentence to be imposed on the defendant, the Court shall consider any victim impact statement submitted in accordance with this chapter and such statement shall be made a part of the pre-sentence report filed by the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency.
(d) Crime victims shall have the right to offer at the defendant’s release or parole hearing a written statement of the victim’s opinion whether the defendant should be granted release or parole.
(e) Crime victims shall have the right to make a statement at the defendant’s sentencing and record-sealing hearings. The absence of the crime victim shall not preclude the court from holding the sentencing or record-sealing hearings.
(f) (1) In addition to a crime victim, a representative of a community affected by the crime of which the defendant has been convicted shall have the right to submit, prior to imposition of sentence, a community impact statement and the court shall consider the community impact statement in determining the appropriate sentence to be imposed on the defendant. If more than one community is affected, each may submit a statement pursuant to this paragraph.
  (2) Sentencing in a misdemeanor case shall not be continued solely because a community impact statement has not been submitted.
  (3) The Chief Judge of the Superior Court shall establish reasonable procedures with respect to time and manner in which community impact statements are submitted to the court.
D.C. Code § 23-526 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-526
§ 23-526. Limitations on consent searches.
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of this section, the term "consent search" means a search of a person, vehicle, home, or property:
  (1) Based solely on the subject's consent to that search;
  (2) Not executed pursuant to a warrant; and
  (3) Not conducted pursuant to an applicable exception to the warrant requirement as described in United States or District of Columbia case law, excluding the exception for consent searches.
(b) When seeking to perform a consent search, sworn members of District Government law enforcement agencies shall:
  (1) Prior to the search of a person, vehicle, home, or property:
    (A) Explain, using plain and simple language delivered in a calm demeanor, that the subject of the search is being asked to voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently consent to a search;
    (B) Advise the subject that:
      (i) A search will not be conducted if the subject refuses to provide consent to the search; and
      (ii) The subject has a legal right to decline to consent to the search;
    (C) Obtain consent to search without threats or promises of any kind being made to the subject;
    (D) Confirm that the subject understands the information communicated by the officer; and
    (E) Use interpretation services when seeking consent to conduct a search of a person who:
      (i) Cannot adequately understand or express themselves in spoken or written English; or
      (ii) Is deaf or hard of hearing; and
  (2) If the sworn member is unable to obtain consent from the subject, refrain from conducting the search.
(c) The requirements of subsection (b) of this section shall not apply to searches executed pursuant to a warrant or conducted pursuant to an applicable exception to the warrant requirement.
(d) (1) If a defendant or juvenile respondent moves to suppress any evidence obtained in the course of the search for an offense prosecuted in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, the court shall consider an officer's failure to comply with the requirements of this section as a factor in determining the voluntariness of the consent.
  (2) There shall be a presumption that a search was nonconsensual if the evidence of consent, including the warnings required in subsection (b) of this section, is not captured on a body-worn camera or provided in writing.
(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a private right of action.
D.C. Code § 23-584 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-584
§ 23-584. Field arrest and release on citation.
Status: in_force

(a) In lieu of taking a person into custody, a law enforcement officer may issue a field arrest form to a person whom he or she has arrested without a warrant if the person:
  (1) Is eligible for release on citation pursuant to subsection (b)(2) of this section; and
  (2) Is charged with committing a misdemeanor prosecuted by the Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia and designated by the Chief of Police as being eligible for a field arrest.
(b) (1) A releasing official shall determine whether a person taken into custody or appearing at a law enforcement agency following the issuance of a field arrest form is eligible:
    (A) For release on citation pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection; and
    (B) To use the post-and-forfeit procedure pursuant to § 5-335.01 .
  (2) A releasing official may authorize a release on citation to a person arrested without a warrant unless:
    (A) There is reason to believe that the person may cause injury to him or herself or any other person, may cause damage to property, or will not appear in court to answer the charge; or
    (B) The person is:
      (i) Charged with a dangerous crime, as defined in § 23-1331(3) , or a crime of violence, as defined in § 23-1331(4) ;
      (ii) Subject to detention before trial pursuant to § 23-1322 or § 23-1325 ;
      (iii) Charged with a felony offense;
      (iv) Charged with a misdemeanor offense that is not designated as eligible for release on citation by the responsible prosecuting authority;
      (v) Charged with an intrafamily offense, as that term is defined in [§ 16-1001(8)] , where the victim is an intimate partner, as that term is defined in [§ 16-1001(6A)] , or where the victim is a family member, as that term is defined in [§ 16-1001(5A)] ;
      (vi) Charged with an intrafamily offense, as that term is defined in [§ 16-1001(8)] , where:
        (I) The victim is a household member, as that term is defined in [§ 16-1001(5B)] ; and
        (II) The criminal offense committed or threatened to be committed is violent;
      (vii) Cannot reliably be identified or inaccurately reports information concerning his or her name or other identifying information;
      (viii) At the time of arrest, in violation of a court order;
      (ix) At the time of arrest, in violation of a condition of release on citation issued pursuant to subsection (d)(1) of this section; or
      (x) Has not cooperated in the booking process.
(c) A releasing official may authorize a release on citation to a person who is not otherwise eligible for release under subsection (b)(2) of this section if the release is approved by the prosecutor and:
  (1) The Chief Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia has declared that an event or condition significantly impairs the functioning of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia;
  (2) A person has been admitted to a hospital during the course of the arrest processing; or
  (3) Court is not in session and there is reason to believe that the person should not be held in custody pending his or her first appearance before a judicial officer.
(d) (1) A releasing official of the rank of sergeant or above may, as a condition of a release on citation, direct a person to stay away from a particular place and to stay away from and have no contact with a victim of or witness to the cited offense until the person’s appearance before a judicial officer.
  (2) A releasing official shall not release a person if the person refuses to agree to abide by one or more conditions of release on citation issued pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to create a private right of action or give rise to any rights enforceable by injunction, mandamus, or otherwise.
D.C. Code § 23-1329a — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1329a
§ 23-1329a. Violation of a post-conviction stay away condition of release.
Status: in_force

(a) It is unlawful for a person on supervised release, probation, or parole to intentionally violate any condition of release that the person stay away from, or have no contact with, an individual or location.
(b) Whoever violates this section shall, if the condition of release was imposed as part of supervised release, probation, or parole for a:
  (1) Misdemeanor offense, be fined no more than the amount set forth in § 22-3571.01 , or incarcerated for no more than 180 days, or both; or
  (2) Felony offense, be fined no more than the amount set forth in § 22-3571.01 , or incarcerated for no more than 5 years, or both.
D.C. Code § 23-1333 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1333
§ 23-1333. Consideration of juvenile history.
Status: in_force

A judicial officer shall, in determining whether there are conditions of release that will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required, and the safety of any other person and the community, take into account the person’s juvenile law enforcement and case records.
D.C. Code § 23-1321 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1321
§ 23-1321. Release prior to trial.
Status: in_force

(a) Upon the appearance before a judicial officer of a person charged with an offense, other than murder in the first degree, murder in the second degree, or assault with intent to kill while armed, which shall be treated in accordance with the provisions of § 23-1325 , the judicial officer shall issue an order that, pending trial, the person be:
  (1) Released on personal recognizance or upon execution of an unsecured appearance bond under subsection (b) of this section;
  (2) Released on a condition or combination of conditions under subsection (c) of this section;
  (3) Temporarily detained to permit revocation of conditional release under § 23-1322 ; or
  (4) Detained under § 23-1322(b) .
(b) The judicial officer shall order the pretrial release of the person on personal recognizance, or upon execution of an unsecured appearance bond in an amount specified by the court, subject to the condition that the person not commit a local, state, or federal crime during the period of release, and subject to the condition that the person cooperate in the collection of a DNA sample from the person if the collection of such a sample is authorized pursuant to [Chapter 41B of Title 22] , unless the judicial officer determines that the release will not reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required or will endanger the safety of any other person or the community.
(c) (1) If the judicial officer determines that the release described in subsection (b) of this section will not reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required or will endanger the safety of any other person or the community, the judicial officer shall order the pretrial release of the person subject to the:
    (A) Condition that the person not commit a local, state, or federal crime during the period of release and that the person cooperate in the collection of a DNA sample from the person if the collection of such a sample is authorized pursuant to [Chapter 41B of Title 22] ; and
    (B) Least restrictive further condition, or combination of conditions, that the judicial officer determines will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of any other person and the community, which may include the condition or combination of conditions that the person during the period of release shall:
      (i) Remain in the custody of a designated person or organization that agrees to assume supervision and to report any violation of a condition of release to the court, if the designated person or organization is able to reasonably assure the judicial officer that the person will appear as required and will not pose a danger to the safety of any other person or the community;
      (ii) Maintain employment, or, if unemployed, actively seek employment;
      (iii) Maintain or commence an educational program;
      (iv) Abide by specified restrictions on personal associations, place of abode, or travel;
      (v) Avoid all contact with an alleged victim of the crime and with a potential witness who may testify concerning the offense;
      (vi) Report on a regular basis to a designated law enforcement agency, pretrial services agency, or other agency;
      (vii) Comply with a specified curfew;
      (viii) Refrain from possessing a firearm, destructive device, or other dangerous weapon;
      (ix) Refrain from excessive use of alcohol or marijuana, or any use of a narcotic drug or other controlled substance without a prescription by a licensed medical practitioner; provided, that a positive test for use of marijuana or a violation of § 48-1201 shall not be considered a violation of the conditions of pretrial release, unless the judicial officer expressly prohibits the use or possession of marijuana, as opposed to controlled substances generally, as a condition of pretrial release; the terms “narcotic drug” and “controlled substance” shall have the same meaning as in § 48-901.02 ;
      (x) Undergo medical, psychological, or psychiatric treatment, including treatment for drug or alcohol dependency, if available, and remain in a specified institution if required for that purpose;
      (xi) Return to custody for specified hours following release for employment, schooling, or other limited purposes;
      (xii) Execute an agreement to forfeit upon failing to appear as required, the designated property, including money, as is reasonably necessary to assure the appearance of the person as required, and post with the court the indicia of ownership of the property, or a percentage of the money as the judicial officer may specify;
      (xiii) Execute a bail bond with solvent sureties in whatever amount is reasonably necessary to assure the appearance of the person as required; or
      (xiv) Satisfy any other condition that is reasonably necessary to assure the appearance of the person as required and to assure the safety of any other person and the community.
  (2) In considering the conditions of release described in paragraph (1)(B)(xii) or (xiii) of this subsection, the judicial officer may upon his own motion, or shall upon the motion of the government, conduct an inquiry into the source of the property to be designated for potential forfeiture or offered as collateral to secure a bond, and shall decline to accept the designation or the use as collateral of property that, because of its source, will not reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required.
  (3) A judicial officer may not impose a financial condition under paragraph (1)(B)(xii) or (xiii) of this subsection to assure the safety of any other person or the community, but may impose such a financial condition to reasonably assure the defendant’s presence at all court proceedings that does not result in the preventive detention of the person, except as provided in § 23-1322(b) .
  (4) A person for whom conditions of release are imposed and who, after 24 hours from the time of the release hearing, continues to be detained as a result of inability to meet the conditions of release, shall upon application be entitled to have the conditions reviewed by the judicial officer who imposed them. Unless the conditions of release are amended and the person is thereupon released, on another condition or conditions, the judicial officer shall set forth in writing the reasons for requiring the conditions imposed. A person who is ordered released on a condition that requires that the person return to custody after specified hours shall, upon application, be entitled to a review by the judicial officer who imposed the condition. Unless the requirement is removed and the person is released on another condition or conditions, the judicial officer shall set forth in writing the reasons for continuing the requirement. In the event that the judicial officer who imposed the conditions of release is not available, any other judicial officer may review the conditions.
  (5) The judicial officer may at any time amend the order to impose additional or different conditions of release.
(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, when issuing an order of release pursuant to this section, the court shall, upon request of defense counsel and with the knowing, intelligent, and voluntary consent of the defendant, order that the defendant be transferred to the custody of the Department of Corrections for release from the Central Detention Facility or Correctional Treatment Facility within 5 hours after the issuance of the order.
(e) (1) The Metropolitan Police Department may request a supervisory agency to provide the Metropolitan Police Department with location and identification data collected from any detection device that a person is required to wear while incarcerated or committed, while subject to a protection order, or while on pretrial release, presentence release, predisposition release, supervised release, probation, or parole that is deemed by the Chief of Police as necessary in conducting a criminal law enforcement investigation. The Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services shall comply with any request under this subsection.
  (2) For the purposes of this subsection, the term:
    (A) "Device" shall have the same meaning as in [§ 22-1211(a)(2)] .
    (B) "Supervisory agencies" means the following agencies:
      (i) The Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency of the District of Columbia;
      (ii) The Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services;
      (iii) The Superior Court of the District of Columbia's Family Court Social Services Division; and
      (iv) The Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia.
D.C. Code § 23-555 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-555
§ 23-555. Reports concerning intercepted wire or oral communications.
Status: in_force

(a) Within thirty days after the expiration of an order or an extension entered under section 23-547 or 23-548 or the denial of an order of approval, the issuing or denying court shall report to the chief judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals —
  (1) that an order or extension was applied for;
  (2) the kind of order or extension applied for;
  (3) if the order or extension was granted as applied for, was modified, or was denied;
  (4) the period of the interceptions authorized by the order, and the number and duration of any extensions of the order;
  (5) the offense specified in the order or application, or extension of an order;
  (6) the identity of the applying investigative or law enforcement officer, the agency making the application, and the person authorizing the application; and
  (7) the character and location of the facilities from which and the place where communications were (and were to be) intercepted.
(b) In January of each year the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia shall report to the Congress of the United States and the chief judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals —
  (1) the information required by paragraphs (1) through (7) of subsection (a) of this section with respect to each application for an order or extension made during the immediately preceding calendar year;
  (2) a general description of the interceptions made under such order or extension, including —
    (A) the approximate character and frequency of incriminating communications intercepted;
    (B) the approximate character and frequency of other communications intercepted;
    (C) the approximate number of persons whose communications were intercepted; and
    (D) the approximate character, amount, and cost of the manpower and other resources used in the interceptions;
  (3) the number of arrests resulting from interceptions made under such order or extension;
  (4) the offenses for which the arrests were made;
  (5) the number of trials resulting from such interceptions;
  (6) the number of motions to suppress made with respect to such interceptions;
  (7) the number of motions to suppress granted or denied;
  (8) the number of convictions resulting from such interceptions;
  (9) the offenses for which the convictions were obtained;
  (10) a general assessment of the importance of the interceptions; and
  (11) for purposes of comparison, the information required by paragraphs (2) through (10) of this subsection with respect to orders and extensions obtained in other preceding calendar years.
(c) Reports made pursuant to the section shall be made in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Director of the Administration Office of the United States Courts under section 2519(3) of Title 18, United States Code.
D.C. Code § 23-1504 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 15 / § 23-1504
§ 23-1504. Exemption from arrest.
Status: in_force

(a) Any person who comes into the District of Columbia in obedience to a summons directing him to attend and testify in the District of Columbia shall not, while in the District of Columbia, pursuant to the summons, be subject to arrest or the service of process, civil or criminal, in connection with any matter which arose before his entrance into the District of Columbia under the summons.
(b) Any person who is in the process of passing through the District of Columbia for the purpose of proceeding to or returning from a State which has summoned him to attend and testify shall not be subject to arrest or the service of process, civil or criminal, in connection with any matter which arose at some other time.
D.C. Code § 23-903 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / § 23-903
§ 23-903. “Fresh pursuit” defined.
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter, the term “fresh pursuit” shall include fresh pursuit as defined by the common law, also the pursuit of a person who has committed a felony or one who the pursuing officer has reasonable grounds to believe has committed a felony. It shall also include the pursuit of a person who the pursuing officer has reasonable grounds to believe has committed a felony, although no felony has actually been committed, if there is reasonable ground for believing that a felony has been committed. Such term shall not necessarily imply an instant pursuit, but pursuit without unreasonable delay.
D.C. Code § 23-585 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-585
§ 23-585. Violation of condition of release on citation; failure to appear.
Status: in_force

(a) A person who knowingly fails to abide by a condition of release on citation issued pursuant to § 23-584(d)(1) before his or her first appearance before a judicial officer shall be taken into custody in accordance with § 23-581 and presented before a judicial officer.
(b) A person who, having been released on a citation issued pursuant to § 23-584 or having posted bond pursuant to § 23-1110 , willfully fails to appear as required shall:
  (1) If the offense is a misdemeanor, be fined or imprisoned for not more than the maximum provided for the offense for which such citation was issued; or
  (2) If the offense is a felony, be fined not more than $5,000 and imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
  (3) For the purposes of this section, [ §  22-357.01 ] shall not apply.
D.C. Code § 23-112 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 1 / § 23-112
§ 23-112. Consecutive and concurrent sentences.
Status: in_force

A sentence imposed on a person for conviction of an offense shall, unless the court imposing such sentence expressly provides otherwise, run consecutively to any other sentence imposed on such person for conviction of an offense, whether or not the offense (1) arises out of another transaction, or (2) arises out of the same transaction and requires proof of a fact which the other does not.
D.C. Code § 23-523 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-523
§ 23-523. Time of execution of search warrants.
Status: in_force

(a) A search warrant shall not be executed more than ten days after the date of issuance and shall be returned to the court after its execution or expiration in accordance with section 23-521(f)(6).
(b) A search warrant may be executed on any day of the week and, in the absence of express authorization in the warrant pursuant to section 23-521(f)(5), shall be executed only during the hours of daylight. For the purposes of this subsection, the term “hours of daylight” means between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.
D.C. Code § 23-311 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-311
§ 23-311. Joinder of offenses and of defendants.
Status: in_force

(a) Two or more offenses may be charged in the same indictment or information in a separate count for each offense if the offenses charged, whether felonies or misdemeanors or both, are of the same or similar character or are based on the same act or transaction or on two or more acts or transactions connected together or constituting parts of a common scheme or plan.
(b) Two or more offenses may be charged in the same indictment or information as provided in subsection (a) even though one or more is in violation of the laws of the United States and another is in violation of the laws applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia and may be prosecuted as provided in section 11-502(3).
(c) Two or more defendants may be charged in the same indictment or information if they are alleged to have participated in the same act or transaction or in the same series of acts or transactions constituting an offense or offenses. Such defendants may be charged in one or more counts together or separately and all of the defendants need not be charged in each count.
D.C. Code § 23-545 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-545
§ 23-545. Immunity of witnesses.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-313 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-313
§ 23-313. Relief from prejudicial joinder.
Status: in_force

If it appears that a defendant or the government is prejudiced by a joinder of offenses or of defendants in an indictment or information or by such joinder for trial together, the court may order an election or separate trials of counts, grant a severance of defendants, or provide whatever other relief justice requires. In ruling on a motion by a defendant for severance the court may order the attorney for the government to deliver to the court for inspection in camera any statements or confessions made by the defendants which the government intends to introduce in evidence at the trial.
D.C. Code § 23-707 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / § 23-707
§ 23-707. Definitions.
Status: in_force

For purposes of this chapter —
(1) the term “State” includes any territory or possession of the United States; and
(2) the term “Governor” means the executive authority of a State.
D.C. Code § 23-314 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 3 / § 23-314
§ 23-314. Joinder of inconsistent offenses concerning the same property.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-901 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 9 / § 23-901
§ 23-901. Arrests in the District of Columbia by officers of other States.
Status: in_force

Any member of a duly organized peace unit of any State (or county or municipality thereof) of the United States who enters the District of Columbia in fresh pursuit and continues within the District of Columbia in fresh pursuit of a person in order to arrest him on the ground that he is believed to have committed a felony in such State shall have the same authority to arrest and hold that person in custody as has any member of any duly organized peace unit of the District of Columbia to arrest and hold in custody a person on the ground that he is believed to have committed a felony in the District of Columbia. This section shall not be construed so as to make unlawful any arrest in the District of Columbia which would otherwise be lawful.
D.C. Code § 23-563 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-563
§ 23-563. Territorial and other limits.
Status: in_force

(a) A warrant or summons for a felony under sections 16-1022 and 16-1024 or an offense punishable by imprisonment for more than one year issued by the Superior Court of the District of Columbia may be served at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States.
(b) (1) A warrant or summons issued by the Superior Court of the District of Columbia for an offense punishable by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by a fine only, or by such imprisonment and a fine:
    (A) (i) May be served in any place in the District of Columbia; or
      (ii) May be served at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States, if a judicial officer of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia finds that good cause exists for the warrant or summons to be served at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States; and
    (B) May not be executed more than one year after the date of issuance.
  (2) Good cause for the warrant or summons to be served at any place within the jurisdiction of the United States is presumed where the warrant or summons is for an intrafamily offense, as that term is defined in § 16-1001(8) , or where the warrant or summons is for an offense under [Chapter 30 of Title 22] .
(c) A person arrested outside the District of Columbia on a warrant issued by the Superior Court of the District of Columbia shall be taken before a judge, commissioner, or magistrate, and held to answer in the Superior Court pursuant to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure as if the warrant had been issued by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
(d) When an application alleges that (1) an act which would constitute a felony if committed by an adult has been committed by a child, (2) the child may not with due diligence be found within the District of Columbia, and (3) if the District of Columbia is a party to article XVII of the Interstate Compact on Juveniles, the child is not known to be in a jurisdiction which is a party to such article, a juvenile officer may secure a warrant for the arrest of the child as if he were an adult. When the child is brought before the issuing court or officer pursuant to the warrant he shall be ordered transferred to the Family Division of the Superior Court pursuant to section 16-2302. If the child is found in a jurisdiction which is a party to such article and if the District of Columbia is a party to such article, he shall be returned as provided in that article and the warrant shall be null and void.
D.C. Code § 23-542 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-542
§ 23-542. Interception, disclosure, and use of wire or oral communications prohibited.
Status: in_force

(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this subchapter, any person who in the District of Columbia —
  (1) willfully intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures any other person to intercept or endeavor to intercept any wire or oral communication;
  (2) willfully discloses or endeavors to disclose to any other person the contents of any wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, knowing or having reason to know that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire or oral communication; or
  (3) willfully uses or endeavors to use the contents of any wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, knowing or having reason to know, that the information was obtained through the interception of a wire or oral communication;
shall be fined not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01] or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; except that paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection shall not apply to the contents of any wire or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, that has become common knowledge or public information.
(b) It shall not be unlawful under this section for —
  (1) an operator of a switchboard, or an officer, agent, or employee of a communication common carrier, whose facilities are used in the transmission of a wire communication, to intercept, disclose, or use that communication, in the normal course of his employment while engaged in any activity which is a necessary incident to the rendering of his service or to the protection of the rights or property of the carrier of such communication, or to provide information, facilities, or technical assistance to an investigative or law enforcement officer who, under this subchapter, is authorized to intercept a wire or oral communication, but no communication common carrier shall utilize service observing or random monitoring except for mechanical or service quality control checks;
  (2) a person acting under color of law to intercept a wire or oral communication, where such person is a party to the communication, or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception; or
  (3) a person not acting under color of law to intercept a wire or oral communication, where such person is a party to the communication, or where one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to such interception, unless such communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing any criminal or tortious act in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, any State, or the District of Columbia, or for the purpose of committing any other injurious act.
D.C. Code § 23-1332 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1332
§ 23-1332. Applicability of subchapter.
Status: in_force

The provisions of this subchapter shall apply in the District of Columbia in lieu of the provisions of sections 3146 through 3152 of Title 18, United States Code.
D.C. Code § 23-1704 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / § 23-1704
§ 23-1704. Who may be present at execution; fact of execution to be certified to clerk of court.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-1108 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 11 / § 23-1108
§ 23-1108. Qualifications of bondsmen; rules to be prescribed by courts; list of agents to be furnished; renewal of authority to act; detailed records to be kept; penalties and disqualifications.
Status: in_force

(a) It shall be the duty of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, each, to provide, under reasonable rules and regulations, the qualifications of persons and corporations applying for authority to engage in the bonding business in criminal cases in the District of Columbia, and the terms and conditions upon which the business shall be carried on, and no person or corporation shall, either as principal, or as agent, clerk, or representative of another, engage in the bonding business in either court until he shall, by order of the court, be authorized to do so. The courts, in making these rules and regulations, and in granting authority to persons to engage in the bonding business, shall take into consideration both the financial responsibility and the moral qualities of the person so applying, and no person shall be permitted to engage, either as principal or agent, in the bonding business, who has ever been convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude, or who is not known to be a person of good moral character. It shall be the duty of each of the courts to require every person qualifying to engage in the bonding business as principal to file with the court a list showing the name, age, and residence of each person employed by the bondsman as agent, clerk, or representative in the bonding business, and require an affidavit from each of these persons stating that he will abide by the terms and provisions of this chapter. Each of the courts shall require the authority of each of those persons to be renewed from time to time at such periods as the court may by rule provide, and before the authority shall be renewed the court shall require from each of those persons an affidavit that since his previous qualification to engage in the bonding business he has abided by the provisions of this chapter, and any person swearing falsely in any of the affidavits shall be guilty of perjury.
(b) Each court shall prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to insure that whenever a bondsman becomes surety for compensation upon a bond in a criminal case before the court, the bondsman shall make a record, which shall be accurate to the best of the maker’s knowledge and belief and shall thereafter be open for inspection by the court or its designated representative, and by the designated representative of other law enforcement agencies of the District of Columbia, of the following matters:
  (1) the full name and address of the person for whom the bond is executed (referred to in this subsection as the “defendant”) and the full name and address of his employer, if any;
  (2) the offense with which the defendant is charged;
  (3) the name of the court or officer authorizing the defendant’s admission to bail;
  (4) the amount of the bond;
  (5) the name of the person who called the bondsman, if other than the defendant;
  (6) the amount of the bondsman’s charge for executing the bond;
  (7) the full name and address of the person to whom the bondsman presented his bill for the charge;
  (8) the full name and address of the person paying the charge; and
  (9) the manner of payment of the charge.
Whoever violates any rule or regulation prescribed under this subsection shall be fined not more than the amount set forth in [§ 22-3571.01] or imprisoned not more than six months, or both, and if he is a bondsman shall be disqualified from thereafter engaging in any manner in the bonding business for such period of time as the trial judge shall order.
D.C. Code § 23-705 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 7 / § 23-705
§ 23-705. Removal proceedings and returns to foreign countries not affected.
Status: in_force

Nothing contained in this chapter shall repeal, modify, or in any way affect existing law concerning the procedure for the return of any person apprehended in the District of Columbia to a Federal judicial district to answer a Federal charge, or repeal, modify, or affect existing law or treaty concerning the return to a foreign country of a person apprehended or detained in the District of Columbia as a fugitive from a foreign country.
D.C. Code § 23-554 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-554
§ 23-554. Authorization for recovery of civil damages.
Status: in_force

(a) Any person whose wire or oral communication is intercepted, disclosed, or used in violation of this subchapter shall —
  (1) have a civil cause of action against any person who intercepts, discloses, or uses, or procures any other person to intercept, disclose, or use, such communications; and
  (2) be entitled to recover from any such person —
    (A) actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages computed at the rate of $100 a day for each day of violation, or $1,000 whichever is higher;
    (B) punitive damages; and
    (C) a reasonable attorney’s fee and other litigation costs reasonably incurred.
(b) Good faith reliance on a court order or legislative authorization shall constitute a complete defense to an action brought under this section or any other law.
(c) As used in this section, the term “person” includes the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia shall not assert any governmental immunity to avoid liability under this section. Judgment against the District of Columbia shall not constitute a bar to action against any other person.
D.C. Code § 23-1702 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 17 / § 23-1702
§ 23-1702. Provision for death chamber; appointment of executioner and assistants; fees.
Status: repealed

Repealed.
D.C. Code § 23-501 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-501
§ 23-501. Definitions.
Status: in_force

As used in subchapters II, IV, and V of this chapter —
(1) The term “judicial officer” means a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia or of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, or a United States commissioner or magistrate for the District of Columbia.
(2) The term “law enforcement officer” means an officer or member of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia, or of any other police force operating in the District of Columbia; an investigative officer or agent of the United States; animal control officer employed by the District of Columbia[;] employees of the Office of the Inspector General charged with conducting an investigation of an alleged felony and consistent with the authority granted under § 1-301.115a(f-1) ; or the Fire Marshal and any member of the Fire and Arson Investigation Unit of the Fire Prevention Bureau of the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, for the purpose of enforcing arson and the fire safety laws of the District of Columbia, who is so designated in writing by the Fire Chief.
(3) The term “prosecutor” means the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia or his assistant, the Corporation Counsel of the District of Columbia [Attorney General for the District of Columbia] or his assistant, or an attorney employed by, and who has entered an appearance on behalf of, the United States or the District of Columbia in a criminal case or in an investigation being conducted by a grand jury.
(4) “Field arrest” means a non-custodial arrest made pursuant to § 23-584 that requires the person to appear within 15 days before an official of the relevant law enforcement agency to complete the arrest process.
(5) “Release on citation” means the process by which a person arrested for eligible misdemeanors may be released on his or her promise to appear at a future date in court, or at some other designated place.
(6) “Releasing official” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 23-1110(a)(1) .
D.C. Code § 23-541 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 5 / § 23-541
§ 23-541. Definitions.
Status: in_force

As used in this subchapter —
(1) the term “wire communication” means any communication made in whole or in part through the use of facilities for the transmission of communications by the aid of wire, cable, or other like connection between the point of origin and the point of reception furnished or operated by any person engaged as a common carrier in providing or operating such facilities;
(2) the term “oral communication” means any oral communication uttered by a person exhibiting an expectation that the communication is not subject to interception under circumstances justifying the expectation;
(3) the term “intercept” means the aural acquisition of the contents of any wire or oral communication through the use of any intercepting device;
(4) the term “intercepting device” means any electronic, mechanical, or other device or apparatus which can be used to intercept a wire or oral communication other than —
  (A) any telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment, or facility, or any component thereof, (i) furnished to the subscriber or user by a communications common carrier in the ordinary course of its business and being used by the subscriber or user in the ordinary course of its business; or (ii) being used by a communications common carrier in the ordinary course of its business, or by an investigative or law enforcement officer in the ordinary course of his duties; or
  (B) a hearing aid or similar device being used to correct subnormal hearing to not better than normal;
(5) the term “investigative or law enforcement officer” means any officer of the United States or of the District of Columbia who is empowered by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for offenses enumerated in this subchapter, and any attorney authorized by law to prosecute or participate in the prosecution of such offenses;
(6) the term “contents”, when used with respect to any wire or oral communication, includes any information concerning the identity of the parties to the communication or the existence, substance, purport, or meaning of that communication;
(7) the term “judge” means a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, a judge of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals, a judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, or a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia circuit;
(8) the term “judge of competent jurisdiction” means, in addition to the judges included in paragraph (7) —
  (A) a judge of a United States district court or a United States court of appeals not in the District of Columbia; or
  (B) a judge of any court of general criminal jurisdiction of a State who is authorized by a statute of that State to enter orders authorizing interceptions of wire or oral communications;
(9) the term “aggrieved person” means a person who was a party to any intercepted wire or oral communication or a person against whom the interception was directed;
(10) the term “communication common carrier” has the same meaning which is given the term “common carrier” by section 3(h) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153(h)); and
(11) the term “United States attorney” means the United States attorney for the District of Columbia or any of his assistants designated by him or otherwise designated by law to act in his place for the particular purpose in question.
(12) The term “domestic partner” shall have the same meaning as provided in § 32-701(3) .
D.C. Code § 23-1904a — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 19 / § 23-1904a
§ 23-1904a. Right to member of a hospital-based violence intervention program.
Status: in_force

(a) For the purposes of [this section], [and §§] 23-1904b [] and 23-1904c , the term:
  (1) "Hospital" means a facility that provides 24-hour inpatient care, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and other health-related services, for a variety of physical or mental conditions, and may, in addition, provide outpatient services, particularly emergency care, from which a hospital-based violence intervention program operates.
  (2) "Hospital-based violence intervention program" means a non-governmental program that:
    (A) Provides counseling, case management, and social services to victims at, or in conjunction with, a hospital to prevent retaliatory violence; and
    (B) Participates in, or is a member of, a coordinating body for similar programs, such as Project CHANGE or the Health Alliance for Violence Intervention.
  (3) "HVIP member" means an employee, contractor, or volunteer of a hospital-based violence intervention program.
  (4) "Victim" means a person who has suffered an intentionally inflicted gunshot or stabbing wound.
(b) (1) A HVIP member shall, if the victim consents, have the right to remain physically present with a victim at any:
    (A) Forensic medical, evidentiary, or physical examination at the hospital; or
    (B) Interview with law enforcement at the hospital.
  (2) A victim may at any time revoke their consent to have a HVIP member present at the setting described in paragraph (1) of this subsection.
D.C. Code § 23-1308 — DC Code / Title 23 / Chapter 13 / § 23-1308
§ 23-1308. Appropriation; budget.
Status: in_force

There are authorized to be appropriated through the State Justice Institute in each fiscal year such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter. Funds appropriated by Congress for the District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency shall be received by the Director of the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia, and shall be disbursed by that Director to and on behalf of the District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency. The District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency shall submit to the Director of the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia at the time and in the form prescribed by that Director, reports of its activities and financial position and its proposed budget.